The Regulated Biological Agent (swine poxvirus, thymidine kinase negative (tk-)) was constructed from the agents listed below at VAXMAX Corporate Research and Development, Cloneready, MT. The final vaccine, Product Code 1235.R0, will be produced at VAXMAX Manufacturing, Cloneready, MT, U.S. Veterinary License N. 000. VAXMAX has level 2 and 3 animal containment facilities available for testing of live vectors.


List of Abbreviations Acknowledgements Introduction Reformed Ideas International Connections Politics and Rebellion Moral Discipline Religious Life and Culture Select Bibliography Notes Index


OTHER PUBLICATIONS Kirk-Othmer-Encyclopedia of Chem. Technology, 2nd Edit., (Supp. vol.), John Wiley & Sons, (1971), 889-910, Derwent Abstract 38877x/21 of Japan 5 1041-338 dated Apr. 7, 1976. Derwent Abstract 38878x/21 of Japan 5 1041-339 dated Apr. 7, 1976. Primary Examiner-Paul J. Killos Attorney, Agent, or Firm-John T. Reynolds 57 ABSTRACT Ibuprofen is crystallized from a 5H28 liquid such as a C1 to C3-alkanol, e.g., methanol, containing solutions thereof to obtain ibuprofen crystals which are equant (cube, sphere or grain) in shape, which ibuprofen crys tals have larger average partile size, higher bulk density, lower bulk volume and improved flow properties com pared to previously known bulk ibuprofen crystalline materials.


The effect of five mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of 10 wheat cultivars under three phosphorus regimes was assessed in a greenhouse study. Six of the cultivars responded positively, while four responded negatively or were nonresponsive to mycorrhizal inoculation. The responses of the individual cultivars were consistent regardless of inoculum source, suggesting that mycorrhizal responsiveness is an inherited trait rather than a response to individual fungi. Mycorrhizal responsiveness decreased with P fertilization for cultivars that were dependent on the symbiosis, but it was unaffected by P fertilization in cultivars that were negatively impacted by the mycorrhizae. Mycorrhizal and P responsiveness of each cultivar were highly correlated (r = 0.94), suggesting that P responsiveness may be a good predictor of the mycorrhizal dependence of selected wheat cultivars. The relationship between wheat biomass production and percentage root colonization was positive for cultivars, which responded favorably to th...


Abstract : This project had a pilot nature, on the one hand, exploring a possibility of active collaboration of our research group with EOARD and (via) the colleagues at Wright- Patterson AFB, on the other - making a focused attempt to explore a novel actuation system based on elastomer composite with aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT). The original proposal and the Interim Report outline the scientific background' and the principles behind the mechanical actuation in nanocomposite elastomers". Our main tasks have been: (A) Develop the robust method of CNT dispersion in amorphous polymeric matrix and establish a set of quantitative methods to characterize the quality of this dispersion. (B) Develop a technique for nanotube alignment on the dense polymer matrix. as well as the tools to characterize the degree of this alignment. (C) Study the mechanical actuation in response to different stimuli: plain heating. IR irradiation. and electric field.


Analogue adaptive filters are an important subset in adaptive filter theory and practice. They are preferable at high speeds when low power consumption, small integrated area and moderate linearity are required. In this paper an analogue adaptive disturbance canceler is presented. The canceler uses the analogue LMS, and its structure is similar to a linear combiner. The operation of the proposed canceler is based on the decomposition of the disturbances into the in-phase and quadrature components by means of a Hilbert transformer, being used an analogue LMS for the cancellation of each component. Finally, some experimental results, obtained from a low-cost discrete component realization of the proposed canceler are presented. The proposed structure is also suitable for VLSI designs.


SUMMARY

Two thousand sweet-cherry trees (Prunus avium) in English orchards were tested for virus infection by using Lambert and Mazzard F 12/1 as indicators. Most trees of varieties commonly grown before 1920 were infected with more than one virus, usually little cherry (69%) and necrotic ringspot/prune dwarf (56%). Other infection was less prevalent, 35% of these trees having European rusty mottle, 30% ring mottle and 3% necrotic rusty mottle. Most trees of varieties introduced since 1920 were virus-free (61%) but some had become infected with each of these viruses except necrotic rusty mottle.

In a field trial of 12 years duration the yield of three varieties was diminished by infection with necrotic ringspot/prune dwarf, rugose mosaic, rusty mottle, ring mottle and necrotic line pattern. The effect of rusty mottle was due to growth suppression resulting in smaller trees, but that of other viruses was also due to impaired fertility. The yield of one variety (Merton Heart) was greatly enhanced by infection with rugose mosaic, rusty mottle and necrotic ringspot/prune dwarf viruses.

The high incidence of virus infection and consequent yield depression has probably diminished the potential yield by at least 30% and contributed to the decline in acreage of sweet cherries in England.


The coralsnake Micrurus decoratus is restricted to the Atlantic Rain Forest from southeastern Brazil and data on its geographic distribution and natural history are poorly known. In this paper, we modeled its geographic range using the GARP program. Map was generated by combining the 20 best models and predicted the occurrence of Micrurus decoratus in the Atlantic Rain Forest, indicating the importance of this biome for the preservation of this species. Our study showed that ecological niche modeling might be an important computational tool to supplement traditional field studies in herpetology, allowing the identification of areas to be protected, and for the formulation of specific public policies for threatened species.


Firms use their internal resources effectively and efficiently in order to achieve innovation, but not all types of resources trigger the same level of innovation. We provide a new insight to understand the relationship between slack resources and R&D strategy by suggesting a new typology for slack resources: tangible and intangible slack. Building on resource-based view, we propose that tangible slack leads to more external R&D activities (external knowledge acquisition) and results in radical innovation, while intangible slack facilitates more internal R&D activities and results in incremental innovation. Implications for future research are discussed.


Feeding strategies of tilapia (initial average weight: 32 g) cultivated with Biofloc technology (BFT) (carbon source: sugarcane, C:N ratio: 6:1) for 56 days were studied. A 4 × 3 factorial experimental design was used with four feeding frequencies (one, two, three and four times a day) and three feeding rates (50%, 75% and 100% consumption in relation to apparent satiety), with four replicates. Lower levels of dissolved oxygen, protein retention rate and body protein content were found in fish fed once a day. The reduction in feeding rate resulted in lower average final weight and reduced growth but promoted a decrease in the concentration of total ammonia nitrogen, solids, hepatosomatic index and body lipids. We found better efficiency of protein utilization at 75% feed. The nutritional value of the floc was not affected by the feeding frequency, and the feeding rate reduction from 100% to 75% did not alter the protein content of the floc. Thus, twice‐daily feeding frequency is sufficient for Nile tilapia fingerlings reared in BFT. Although the feeding rate of 100% satiety has led to better performance, it may not be the best option in BFT due to higher feed conversion and reduction of water quality.


From the angle of cultivating and enhancing students'abilities ,this paper analyzes the necessity of teaching reformation in Analytical Chemistry, discusses the role of stechiometry research method in Analysis Chemistry teaching,and offers some knowledge about stechiometry research method. This paper mainly discusses the application of MATLAB programming in multiple linear regression. It is obvious that MATLAB programming is very simple and easy to be learned.


The harmonic forced response of structures involving several noncoplanar rectangular flat shells is investigated by using the Wave Finite Element method. Such flat shells are connected along parallel edges where external excitation sources as well as mechanical impedances are likely to occur. Also, they can be connected to one or several coupling elements whose shapes and dynamics can be complex. The dynamic behavior of the connected shells is described by means of numerical wave modes traveling towards and away from the coupling interfaces. Also, the coupling elements are modeled by using the conventional finite element (FE) method. A FE mesh tying procedure between shells having incompatible meshes is considered, which uses Lagrange multipliers for expressing the coupling conditions in wave‐based form. A global wave‐based matrix formulation is proposed for computing the amplitudes of the wave modes traveling along the shells. The resulting displacement solutions are obtained by using a wave mode expansion procedure. The accuracy of the wave‐based matrix formulation is highlighted in comparison with the conventional FE method through three test cases of variable complexities. The relevance of the method for saving large CPU times is emphasized. Its efficiency is also highlighted in comparison with the component mode synthesis technique. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Abstract Oxiranes are efficiently converted to the corresponding thiiranes by thiourea in the presence of catalytic amounts of LiBF4 with excellent yields under mild and non-aqueous conditions.


.......................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES .................................... ............................................................. xviii PUBLICATIONS ................................................................................................. xix CONFERENCES ................................................................................................ xx REFERENCES .................................................................................................. 143 APPENDIX ........................................................................................................ 162 Chapter


Traffic signal optimization programs have been used widely among transportation professionals. However, none of the existing computer programs can optimize all four traffic control parameters (i.e., cycle length, green split, offset, and phase sequence) simultaneously, even for undersaturated conditions. In this paper, a genetic algorithm-based signal optimization program that can handle oversaturated signalized intersections is presented. The program consists of a genetic algorithm (GA) optimizer and a mesoscopic traffic simulator. The GA optimizer is designed to search for a near-optimal traffic signal timing plan on the basis of a fitness value obtained from the mesoscopic simulator. The proposed program is compared with the newly released TRANSYT-7F version 8.1 on the basis of CORSIM simulation program. Three different demand volume levels—low, medium, and high demand—are tested. For the low-demand and high-demand volume cases, the GA-based program produced statistically better signal timing plans than did TRANSYT-7F in terms of queue time. In the case of medium-demand volume level, the signal timing plan obtained from the GA-based program produced statistically equivalent queue time compared with TRANSYT-7F. Both programs are judged to provide superior capability for oversaturated conditions due to their queue blockage model when compared with previously available signal timing optimization software.


Although extensive findings underscore the relevance of future time perspective (FTP) in the process of aging, the assumption of FTP as a unifactorial construct has been challenged. The present study explores the factorial structure of the FTP scale (Carstensen & Lang, 1996) as one of the most widely used measures (Ntotal = 2,170). Results support that FTP reflects a higher-order construct that consists of 3 interrelated components—Opportunity, Extension, and Constraint. It is suggested that the flexible usage of the FTP scale as an all compassing 10-item measure or with focus on specific components depends on the concrete research question.


Acute scrotal pain is a common reason for emergency room visits in men of all ages, but especially in children and young adults. Differentiating those etiologies that require immediate surgical intervention from those that can be treated medically is often challenging. Excluding testicular torsion and avoiding unnecessary surgery although difficult in the past is easier now with advances in ultrasound and other diagnostic techniques. In this paper we suggest an anatomical approach to the acute scrotum by partitioning the contents of the scrotum and spermatic cord into distinct zones. It is postulated that this will facilitate physical and ultrasound exam making pre-surgical diagnosis more accurate. Zone I extends from the internal ring through the inguinal canal to the end of the spermatic cord. Zone II comprises the scrotum, subcutaneous tissues and the tunica vaginalis. Zone III encompasses the testicle with associated appendage and Zone IV includes the epididymis with its appendage. All pathological conditions affecting each zone and the resulting presentation of the acute scrotum are discussed.


SUMMARY

the airborne system operational/functional requirements (from navigation using enroute aids to navigation using approach guidance) are examined for the transitional phase of an aircraft flight. In this paper the automated navigation system (based nominally on enroute aids) and the ILS/MLS system capabilities are described, and the complementary nature of each is treated. To achieve the full potential benefits of proposed landing system operations, it is suggested that on–board enroute navigation systems will be an important aid to exploit fully the resulting operational capabilities. Proposed microwave landing system capabilities suggest new operational procedures for predefined maneuvers in the terminal area such as close–in captures and complex approach paths. These operational procedures, although only partially available at this time, can be expanded upon based on the operational advantages of the system. Equipment configurations are presented to demonstrate the system requirements.


Understanding and measuring end to end service performance perceived by the clients is a chal lenging task Client perceived web site responses are downloaded web pages Typically a web page is composed from multiple objects a main HTML le and several embedded objects such as images However HTTP does not provide any means to delimit the beginning or the end of a web page to e ectively measure the overall response time for web page retrieval This paper presents EtE monitor a novel approach to measuring web site performance Our system passively collects packet traces from a server site to determine service performance characteristics We introduce a two pass heuristic and a statistical ltering mechanism to accurately reconstruct di erent client page accesses and to measure performance characteristics integrated across all client accesses Relative to existing approaches EtE monitor o ers the following bene ts i a latency breakdown between the network and server overhead of retrieving a web page ii longitudinal information for all client accesses not just the subset probed by a third party iii characteristics of accesses that are aborted by clients and iv quan ti cation of the bene ts of network and browser caches on server performance Our initial implementation and performance analysis across three di erent commercial web sites con rm the utility of our approach


The aim of the study is to elucidate the mechanism of the occurrence of internal cracks in casting molds and rods, structured by the process of steam-microwave hardening (SMH), with sand clad with water glass. The studies used quartz sand of grade 1K 1 O 1 02, which was clad with soda sodium water glass with a silicate modulus of 2.9 and a specific density of 1440 kg/m 3 at 20 ° C. Dilatometric measurements were carried out in a chamber of a specially adapted microwave oven with a magnetron power of 700 W and a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The linear change in the height of the sand in the container was recorded by video recording of the readings of the dial indicator in time. The sands were tested in both microwave and steam-microwave radiation with the previous sifting of dry clad sand through a sieve with a mesh of 0.4 mm and 0.63 mm. The article presents the results of dilatometric studies of changes in the size of samples from pure sand and sand clad with liquid glass, during their processing by microwave radiation in air and in a water vapor environment. It is shown that the reason for the appearance of internal cracks in casting molds and cores, which are made by the SMH-process, is the temporary cessation of microwave action on the mixture during its structuring. As a result, due to the difference in the nature and magnitude of the change in the size of the structured and unstructured mixture in the flask (core box), a layer with a weak mechanical bond between adjacent grains of sand appears at the structuring front, and, as a result, an internal crack. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the elucidation of the causes and mechanism of the occurrence of internal cracks in casting molds and rods, structured by the SMH-process with sand clad with liquid glass.


The demand of herbal medicine is increasing day by day due to t heir efficacy, safety ( rare chances of side effects ) in the treatment and good faith of society on herbal medicine and also their products . Therefore standardization and toxicological study of herbal medicine is quite necessary to check quality , Purity , st rength and safety of the drugs. The present work is an attempt to evaluate toxicological parameters for safety of an herbal drug Pimpinella anisum L . such as microbial contamination, aflatoxins, pesticide residues and heavy metals . Additional standardizati on parameters like, physical constants, ash content, solvent residues , and microscopical analysis were also carried out and reported . The results obtained may be helpful to the regulatory authorities, scientific organizations and manufacturers for developi ng standards and maintaining the quality of drugs. Keyword – S tandardization, WHO, Pimpinella anisum L , Toxicological parameters


ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT Original Research Paper Received 10 May 2015 Accepted 21 July 2015 Available Online 15 August 2015 In this paper 2D numerical model is used to study the effect of depth of airway surface liquid (ASL) on the mucociliary transport. An immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method is used to solve the momentum equation. In this study mucus is considered as the viscoelastic fluid and Oldroyd-B model is used as the constitutive equation of it. Immerse boundary method is used to study the propulsive effect of the cilia and also the effects of mucus– periciliary layer interface. Our results show that mean mucus velocity is maximized when the PCL depth is equal to the standard value of it, i.e. m. By increasing or decreasing the depth of PCL or increasing the depth of mucus layer, mean mucus velocity is reduced. Our study also shows that mucus viscosity ratio can play an important role on the muco-ciliary clearance. It means that by increasing the Newtonian part of mucus viscosity or by decreasing elastic contribution of the mucu, mean mucus velocity increases significantly. So reducing mucus velocity results from changing ASL depth can be completely modified by increasing the Newtonian part of mucus viscosity.


Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone–Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (LHRH–PE40) and sequence‐modified LHRH–PE40 (mLHRH–PE40) are two anti‐tumour drugs developed by fusing either native or modified LHRH with the same PE40. This study was designed to evaluate their toxicity on the male genital tract. Male rats were treated intravenously or intraperitoneally with either LHRH–PE40 or mLHRH–PE40 on alternate days for 12 weeks. Serum and testes were examined to detect anti‐LHRH, anti‐LHRH–PE40 or anti‐mLHRH–PE40 using an ELISA assay, testosterone level was measured by radioimmunoassay, and testicular morphology was evaluated. Rats receiving LHRH–PE40 intraperitoneal injections had higher anti‐LHRH antibody titres, lower serum testosterone concentration and remarkable testicular atrophy, whereas those administrated with intravenous injections of either LHRH–PE40 or mLHRH‐PE40 demonstrated no such changes. We concluded that the testicular atrophy can be attributed to higher titre of anti‐LHRH antibodies, which was affected by both drug delivery and the LHRH motif of the chimeric protein.


This paper examines both the objectives and the available instruments for new macroprudential policy-making bodies. It argues that the objective--financial stability--is best understood as avoiding widespread disruption of financial flows. Achieving this objective requires that policy-makers carry out two different but related tasks. First they must ensure the resilience of the financial system to external shocks. Second they must respond in a timely fashion to future unsustainable expansions of credit and growth of asset prices. These are old policy challenges. What has changed is the emergence of new vulnerabilities in our innovative and relatively lightly controlled financial system, exposed by the recent global financial crisis. Macroprudential policy can be effective in addressing these vulnerabilities but will not remove the major political and institutional obstacles to the effective control of unsustainable credit expansions. Copyright 2009, Oxford University Press.


This study aims to develop a model of socialization of the National Health Insurance through the role of Opnion Leader. The development of socialization model of National Health Insurance through the role of Opinion Leader is important because with the inclusion of communication technology in Rural areas has led to the emergence of social distance between opinion leaders (Opinion Leader) with the community. Although acknowledged that opinion leaders in Indonesia are still very instrumental in influencing the attitude and behavior of followers in the village. This research is also important to assist the Ponorogo Regency Government in implementing the National Health Insurance (JKN) Act organized by Social Security Administering Board (BPJS). This research is a continuation of research of Opnion Leader role which shows that its role is very high in socialization about Naional Health Insurance in the village. This research uses qualitative research paradigm. Data collection techniques used are in-depth interviews, observation and dukumentasi.Teknik Determination Informants using snowball technique, ie without determining the number of informants but based on information provided in accordance with the data required. Then the method of data analysis using Interactive Analysis Model. The results of research and discussion can be concluded that the Government set a target that in 2019 all Indonesian people have registered and have a card of National Health Insurance - Kartu Indonesia Sehat (JKN-KIS). So it has become a necessity for the socialization model that can really touch the people so that the target of the government can be achieved. Because JKN-KIS has become the thing that is needed by the society in carrying out their life to be healthy and prosperous and has been poured in Government regulation, the socialization model used belongs to the Represif socialization model. This socialization runs in one direction from one person to another. The implementation of the socialization of JKN-KIS should not only be the responsibility of the central and regional governments but the responsibility of all parties including the community as a whole. Through the role of Opinion Leader both formally and formally in the village community is needed because Opinion Leader is very close to the community and the place to ask related to all aspects of village life, in addition to understanding JKN-KIS there is awareness to become a participant of JKN-KIS both government-financed As well as pay dues independently.


Extended self-polymerizable poly(phenylquinoxaline) monomer mixtures {i.e.,2-[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)phenyl]-3-phenyl-6-chloroquinoxaline and 3-[4-(4-hydroxy phenoxy)phenyl]-2-phenyl-6-chloroquinoxaline, 2-[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)phenyl]-3-phenyl-6-fluoroquinoxaline and 3-[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)phenyl]-2-phenyl-6-fluoroquinoxaline, and 2-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-6-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)quinoxaline and 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-phenyl-6-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)quinoxaline} more flexible and nucleophilic than a previously reported monomer mixture [i.e., 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-6-fluoroquinoxaline and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-6-fluoroquinoxaline] were synthesized. The monomer mixtures were then polymerized into high-molecular-weight polymers. A sample was obtained, through a chlorine displacement reaction, that was a semicrystalline polymer with an intrinsic viscosity of 1.11 dL/g in m-cresol at 30 ± 0.1 °C and two melting temperatures at 339 and 377 °C in the first differential scanning calorimetry scan. There was a melting temperature at 328 °C without a detectable glass-transition temperature (Tg) when the sample was subjected to a second differential scanning calorimetry scan. The samples from fluorine displacement reactions were completely amorphous polymers. They had intrinsic viscosities of 0.53–0.90 dL/g in m-cresol at 30 ± 0.1 °C and Tg's of 220–224 °C. The polymer samples from fluorine displacement reactions were evaluated with gel permeation chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight analyses, which monitored the existence of certain amounts of cyclic oligomers. The thin films of the polymers had room-temperature tensile strengths of 97–113 MPa, room-temperature Young's moduli of 2.30–2.35 GPa, and room-temperature elongations at break of 40–150%. The melt viscosity decreased from 107 to less than 104 Pa s at 310 °C as the frequency was increased from 10−2 to 102 rad/s. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 78–91, 2005


AIM: To investigate the effect of ACEI (Lotensin) on blood pressure (BP),NO production and NOS activity in patients with essential hypertension(EH).METHODS: 21 EH patients were treated with Lotensin everyday for 8 weeks. Before and after the treatment, the BP level, the NO production and NOS activity were measured. RESULTS: In EH patients, the production of NO and the activity of NOS were significantly lower than those in normal (P0.01). After the treatment of ACEI, blood pressure decreased significantly, the NO production and NOS activity increased significantly (P0.01). CONCLUSION: ACEI(Lotension) has antihypertensive effect, simultaneously, it increases NOS activity and NO production of platelet in EH patients.


An asset management firm   is an investment services organisation that is fundamentally involved in the business of purchasing and selling equity and other financial securities for its customers in return for a charge or commission. This business segment operates under close government regulations that aim to secure the investing public. An asset management firms may not open for business without filing for proper enrolments and acquiring certain memberships.


Most refresher doctors should accomplish clinical teaching in large general teaching hospitals,so it is an important issue how to improve the quality of clinical teaching for refresher doctors.Based on our teaching experience in the department of gastroenterology of a large general teaching hospital,this article discusses how to do the work well regarding designing training plan and determining teaching content in the hope of providing reference for refresher doctors' clinical teaching.


Optimal lignin demethylation conditions were determined through demethylated lignin reactive activity toward formaldehyde,in terms of variation of catalyst,amount of catalyst,reaction temperature and reaction time.Lignin and its demethylated derivate product were characterized by semiquantitative FT-IR,GPC,and 1H NMR.Results demonstrate that the content of methoxy group decreases from 0.990 to 0.765,and the content of phenolic hydroxyl group increases from 1.174 to 1.529 via semiquantitative FT-IR.GPC results indicate that macromolecular lignin degrades after demethylation,the content of Mw below 2000 dramatically increases from 38% to 51%.1H NMR shows that alkyl chain breaks from benzene ring and β-O-4 linkages cleave and almost disappear after demethylateion.


A project of electron beam measure and analysis system for TWT is designed in this paper.The Faraday Cup analyzer and the pulse measure method are discussed to measure the electron beam section parameters.We take the pulse's rising edge into consideration to reduce the error.To measure the velocity distribution of electron beam after interaction with the waves,the trochoidal energy analyzer and retarding field energy analyzer are discussed.


Ortho-functionalized aryl diselenides are catalytic (5.0 mol %) oxidants for the construction of esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols in the presence of stoichiometric triethyl phosphite and dioxygen in air as the terminal redox reagents (redox dehydration conditions). The reaction proceeds through the intermediacy of the anhydride and requires the presence of 10% DMAP to drive the esterification.


Lactating adenoma of the breast is a very rare pathological condition. Usually occurs during pregnancy or lactation. Pathological diagnosis is difficult, because of the lactation changes during pregnancy and rarity of the condition. Herein we presented a 20-year-old Sudanese female with a left breast mass, firm in consistency, increasing in size rapidly with time. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was done twice together with Tru-cut needle biopsy and all were inconclusive. Later on incisional biopsy was performed that led to resolution of the diagnostic dilemma and establishes the pathology of lactating adenoma. Bromocriptine mesilate tablet was started and soon discontinued as it causes severe nausea to the patient. Surgery was advised and patient refused the operation. During subsequent follow up, it increased dramatically after delivery to reach a maximum size of 15 x 10 cm. and then gradually regressed to reach 2 x 1 cm, eighteen months after delivery.


Pleasant odor to the treated site, in particular, persistence of the trees, flowers, providing it has the characteristics described fruits, or citrus, the need for treatment composition does not change color over time, the processing composition objects and the microcapsule wall formed from crosslinked formaldehyde, a core comprising an aldehyde or ketone perfumes, and microcapsules containing a, to form aldehydes and / or ketones and amines complexes, discoloration without forming a complex that is met by blending together the formaldehyde scavenger.


Generalized form of Dynamic Phasor (DP)-based modeling of multi-converter systems containing high order harmonics has not been proposed in the literature yet due to the complexity and large number of variables that should be included in the model. In this work a generalized form of a system-level model comprising high number of single-phase converters is presented. The proposed method can be applied to any number of single-phase voltage source converters (VSIs). Test cases of this modeling method containing 5 to 100 parallel connected single-phase voltage source inverters are modeled and simulation times are recorded. The results of the proposed method are compared and validated with conventional average models as well as detailed switching models. A systematic approach for comparing the accuracy and timestep between dynamic phasor modeling method and detailed switching model is illustrated. Advantage of DP models over conventional average models for stability assessment are also discussed at the end of the paper.


This thesis explores the journals written by the author during a 16,000 km solo bicycle journey around the Unites States, seven years ago, upon his graduation from university. This was his attempt at a spiritual quest. In this thesis, upon revisiting his journals, he argues that the original framework he used for this quest was flawed, leading to unsatisfactory results. Seven years ago, he was convinced that self-discovery was best attained through solitude. Instead, a new reading of his journals demonstrated that he learnt and benefitted most in contexts of social engagement, meaningful relationships and mutual exploration, all major themes in the works of Parker J. Palmer, Rachael Kessler and John P. Miller. He then argues that had he been guided to follow the successive phases described in Kessler's structured rite of passage (preparation, severance, threshold and ordeal, and reincorporation) the intended and anticipated outcomes of the experience would have been more beneficial. He suggests that he was missing three of Kessler's essential phases during his ordeal (solo bicycle journey) he had planned for himself: preparation, severance, and reincorporation. The author concludes that it was possible to reflect anew on his experience by using Kessler's theory and this process provided a more accurate interpretation of his journey, allowing for spiritual development seven years later. This is encouraging for teachers lacking the opportunity to lead their students through a rite of passage in Kessler's prescribed manner. They can build upon ordeals students have experienced independently, to create anew conditions for reflection, revelation, learning and reintegration.


The hydrocarbon generated beds are thick and its distribution area is large; the reservoir bed conditions are good,the cover beds are developed in Jixi basin.The paper analyzed the hydrocarbon generation,reservoir and covers system in Jixi basin and generalized the law of the oil and gas existence in the basin.


Abstract The generation, redistribution and, importantly, conservation of vorticity and circulation is studied for incompressible Newtonian fluids in planar and axisymmetric geometries. A generalised formulation of the vorticity at the interface between two fluids for both no-slip and stress-free conditions is presented. Illustrative examples are provided for planar Couette flow, Poiseuille flow, the spin-up of a circular cylinder, and a cylinder below a free surface. For the last example, it is shown that, although large imbalances between positive and negative vorticity appear in the wake, the balance is found in the vortex sheet representing the stress-free surface.


We present fast algorithms to synthesize exact minimal reversible circuits for various types of gates and costs. By reducing reversible logic synthesis problems to group theory problems, we use the powerful algebraic software GAP to solve such problems. Our algorithms are not only able to minimize for arbitrary cost functions of gates, but also orders of magnitude faster than the existing approaches to reversible logic synthesis. In addition, we show that the Peres gate is a better choice than the standard Toffoli gate in libraries of universal reversible gates.


The research in the field of biomolecules is very important as they play a key role in basic life processes. Due to the complexity of their structure, properties and functions, the researchers imagined simple molecular models for the active site of metalloenzymes [1]. The nickel enzymes are fewer than the greater number of enzymes containing iron or zinc. The formal oxidation state is difficult to determine, for nickel sites in proteins, owing to the charge delocalization. However, simple model complexes are useful to establish the effect of different ligand types [2]. The Ni(II) ions are characterized by higher affinity toward nitrogenousbased ligands than the Zn(II) ions [3-8] and this explains the requirement for Ni(II) ions, instead of the more common Zn(II) in hydrolytic enzymes. The aminoacid cysteine is the most frequently occurring ligand of nickel in the active centre of nickel containing enzymes. Sulfur coordination is an important feature in metalloenzymes and the covalency and soft environment are possible prerequisites for efficient charge transfer.


The author argues that though telecommunications is in a new era, the industry is operating in an environment designed for a past era in which government policies helped foster the expansion of national networks, built by monopolies that operated under varying degrees of oversight. He maintains that the transition from monopoly-based regulation to oversight of a competitive industry has gotten stuck somewhere in the middle, a no-man's-land called 'regulated competition', putting AT&T at a competitive disadvantage with its long-distance rivals. While some of the resulting marketplace distortions will clear up as regulatory rules are peeled away over time, he regards it as urgent that unnecessary and unneeded regulatory restraints be removed quickly, because they act as a drag on competitive response in an industry that is crucial to the global competitiveness of US business and industry. The author also examines the effect of government policies beyond the US shoreline on the competitiveness of US telecommunications in world markets.<<ETX>>


— This paper show the hardware implementation of the technique known as Compressive Sensing (CS). CS work develops in a sparse space (dense few). We used to obtain sparse signals Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). We demostred that speech, electromyography and electrocardiogram signals can be reconstructed from few samples (projection). These projections were physically transmitted to a computer for reconstruction using L1 magic and demostrate that CS projections obtained were correct. The implementation CS showed relevant results, increase in speed and developing new communications. The implementation was performed in a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) SPARTAN 3E and 18F4550 microcontroller. The results showed that is possible the reconstruct signals, breaking Shannon and Nyquist's theory. Furthermore, we concluded that the FPGA implementation is faster and allows higher compression rates than the microcontroller. Finally, we showed using minimization L 1 that DWT, presents better results in sparse conversion.


Review(s) of: In the shadow of the past, this world knots tight, by Venn Gallery, Perth, 29 March - 10 May 2013.


Abstract The steady propagation of a planar flame through a premixed combustible mixture is studied for the case in which the mixture contains two distinct fuels which compete for available oxidizer. It is assumed that sufficient oxidizer is present in the unburned mixture to allow for eventual complete burning of both fuels. Employing the method of matched asymptotic expansions to derive a solution for large activation energies, the propagation velocity U and the effective separation distance H between the points where the two chemical reactions go to completion are determined as functions of standard flame parameters. The analysis extends a recent study by Margolis and Matkowsky (1982a) to include the effects of stoichiometry on flame propagation with multiple fuels.


Abstract. We discuss the potential of space photometry for rapidly oscillatingAp (roAp) stars. In reference to the MOST 1 observations of γ Equ (Gruber-bauer et al., 2008), we show that several aspects of the roAp phenomenondemand longer observational time bases and better time sampling than thosecurrently feasible using spectroscopy. We conclude that, in order to improveour understanding of roAp stars, photometry is still an important tool whichshould not be neglected.Key words: stars: chemically peculiar – stars: oscillation – methods: observa-tional – techniques: space photometry 1. Introduction Throughout this workshop, many exciting talks were delivered, mostly revolv-ing around spectroscopic observations. Some of these enable us to resolve thehorizontal and vertical structure of the atmospheres of CP stars. Of course,this is also applicable to roAp stars, whence it follows that the vertical pro-file of their pulsation can be studied (e.g., Ryabchikova et al., 2007), whichis another hint at the potential of roAp stars for asteroseismological studies.This exciting prospect, however, is a means to probe the atmosphere and thedepth-dependent characteristics of the pulsation, in contrast to asteroseismicinvestigations in general. Their ultimate goal is to derive the stars' fundamentalparameters and their interior structure from the mode spectra alone.In the last few years, there has been tremendous progress in the modellingof theoretical roAp mode spectra by incorporating the effects of the magneticfield (Saio, 2005; Cunha, 2006). In order to test and improve these efforts, it isevidently necessary to derive reliable sets of p-mode frequencies from observa-tions (and, of course, to test if there even is such a thing as a "reliable set"). Wethink that this can currently only be achieved using high-precision photometricobservations. As an example, we will briefly describe our investigation on theMOST observations of γEqu.


The risks and opportunities of Federal involvement; problems of privacy, the gap between the information rich and the poor, and the prospect of "digital democracy."


Seeds of Pisum sativum L. cv Frisson were treated by ethyl methane sulphonate to create mutations affecting nodulation. Mz plants were grown in high nitrate conditions and putative nitrate-tolerant nodulation (Nts) mutants were selected. Mutant phenotypes were confirmed in M3, M4, Ms and M6 generations. Eight new Nts mutant lines, showing a supernodulating (Nod+r) character when grown without nitrate, were identified. All Nod+rNts mutations were shown to be controlled by single recessive genes and resulted from mutation events at two different loci, sym28 and sym29. Complementation analyses with previouslydescribed mutant lines, P64 from cv Frisson and Nod3 from cv Rondo, identified three genes controlling Nod+rNts character in pea. Grafting experiments showed that Nod+r Nts phenotype was associated with the shoot genotype in all cv Frisson-derived mutant lines, while the root control of Nod+r phenotype was confirmed for Rondo-derived line Nod3.


In recent years, distributed leadership has been paid increasing attention in the field of education. In the context of contemporary Chinese culture, the applicability of distributed leadership to school education lies in the following aspects: the urgent need to change teaching methods, teaching objectives reform of value orientation and the new perspective of education management. Meanwhile, distributed leadership also has some limitations, such as the difficulty of changing traditional leadership concepts and leadership styles, the difficulty of forming consistent values, and the difficulty of coordinating


Double‐walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) have been fluorinated by pure molecular fluorine (F2) at room temperature or 200 °C and a mixture of F2 with hydrogen fluoride (HF) at 200 °C that resulted in products with compositions of CF0.12, CF0.39, and CF0.53 as determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The differences in the structures of three kinds of fluorinated DWCNTs were revealed using transmission electron microscopy, Raman scattering, and near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Quantum‐chemical modeling of the NEXAFS F K‐edge spectra detected a change in the fluorine pattern with the increase of the F2 treatment temperature. The presence of HF in fluorine gas was found to accelerate the fluorination process and cause a partial destruction of outer shells of the DWCNTs.


Background: In May 2022, New York City (NYC) experienced a large outbreak of human mpox (clade IIb). Data on mpox transmission following exposure in healthcare facilities in nonendemic settings are limited. Because mpox was previously not seen in NYC, our healthcare staff may not always recognize a suspected case and therefore may neglect to implement timely infection prevention and control measures, leading to infectious exposures. The risk of transmission from unrecognized mpox may be higher in inpatient psychiatric units where direct physical contact is more common in the setting of common spaces for patients. In July 2022, a patient was admitted to NYC Health + Hospitals–Bellevue (Bellevue) psychiatry with signs and symptoms of mpox that were not recognized for 4 days, at which point the patient was tested for mpox and was isolated. We describe the investigation of staff and patients exposed during the 4 days prior to diagnosis and isolation of the index patient, and we report on the outcome mpox infection among those exposed. Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review of adult patients admitted to and staff working on an inpatient psychiatric unit where the patient with mpox was admitted to Bellevue, the largest municipal hospital in NYC. Each individual was classified regarding degree of exposure, based on criteria from the CDC, and was offered postexposure mpox vaccination where indicated. We describe the nature of contact with the patient for those with high-risk exposures. The outcome of interest was development of mpox infection during 21 days after last exposure. Results: In total, 29 patients and 84 staff members were identified to have been on the psychiatric unit prior to isolation of the index case of mpox. All exposed individuals were monitored for signs and symptoms of mpox for 21 days after last exposure. The exposed and unexposed patients were kept apart in the psychiatric unit. All patients who had contact were classified as having a low-to-intermediate risk exposure. Among 23 staff members exposed, 8 had high-risk exposures, 4 had intermediate-risk exposures, and 11 had low-risk exposures. Those with high-risk exposures were offered Jynneos as postexposure vaccination, but they declined. None of the exposed staff or patients developed mpox during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Mpox transmission was not observed despite several exposures in a congregate psychiatry unit. Given limited data, further studies are needed to better understand transmission risk in congregate healthcare settings. Disclosures: None


Dopaminergic (DA) agonist-induced yawning in rats seems to be mediated by DA D3 receptors, and low doses of several DA agonists decrease locomotor activity, an effect attributed to presynaptic D2 receptors. Effects of several DA agonists on yawning and locomotor activity were examined in rats and mice. Yawning was reliably produced in rats, and by the cholinergic agonist, physostigmine, in both the species. However, DA agonists were ineffective in producing yawning in Swiss–Webster or DA D2R and DA D3R knockout or wild-type mice. The drugs significantly decreased locomotor activity in rats at one or two low doses, with activity returning to control levels at higher doses. In mice, the drugs decreased locomotion across a 1000–10 000-fold range of doses, with activity at control levels (U-91356A) or above control levels [(±)-7-hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin HBr, quinpirole] at the highest doses. Low doses of agonists decreased locomotion in all mice except the DA D2R knockout mice, but were not antagonized by DA D2R or D3R antagonists (L-741 626, BP 897, or PG01037). Yawning does not provide a selective in-vivo indicator of DA D3R agonist activity in mice. Decreases in mouse locomotor activity by the DA agonists seem to be mediated by D2 DA receptors.


The exponential spread of news and posts related to the COVID-19 pandemic on social media platforms led to the emergence of the disinformation phenomenon. The phenomenon of spreading fake information and news creates significant concern for the public health and safety of the population. In this paper, we propose a disinformation detection framework based on multi-task learning (MTL) and meta-heuristic algorithms in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The developed framework uses an MTL and a pre-trained transformer-based model to learn and extract contextual feature representations from Arabic social media posts. The extracted contextual representations are fed to an alternative feature selection technique which depends on modified version of the Fire Hawk Optimizer. The proposed framework, which aims to improve the disinformation detection rate, was evaluated on several datasets of Arabic social media posts. The experimental results show that the proposed framework can achieve accuracy of 59%. It obtained, at best, precision, recall, and F-measure of 53%, 71%, and 53%, respectively, on all datasets; and it outperformed the other algorithms in all measures.


Shareholders are continuing to back unlisted explorer Corona Minerals Ltd despite the challenges associated with the company's Queenstown project in Tasmania.


Abstract Background During the school-to-work transition (STWT), young people enter different states as vocational training, university or unemployment that may have immediate or long-term effects on health. Since research has not paid much attention to this, we investigate the development of self-rated health (SRH) and subjective well-being (SWB) during the STWT. Methods We used data from Starting Cohort 4 of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), a nationally representative cohort of 11,098 ninth graders (50.5% girls) followed over nine years. Linear panel regression analysis with fixed-effects (FE) was used to explore intra-individual changes in SRH and SWB when moving between different STWT states (school, prevocational program, vocational training, university, employment, unemployment, inactivity). FE impact functions were used to compare trajectories of SRH and SWB by states reached after school-leave. Time-varying control variables were age, household composition, and residential area. Results School-leave was linked to increases in SRH and SWB, whereas no impact was found for job entry after vocational training or university. Upward transitions (e.g. from a prevocational program to vocational training, from vocational training to university or from unemployment to employment) increased SRH or SWB, while downward transitions (e.g. from vocational training or employment to unemployment) were related to decreases. Over the years after school-leave, we found a decline in SRH and SWB, which was faster in case of transitions to unemployment or prevocational programs directly after school. Conclusions Findings suggest that a smooth STWT is key for good health in youth and adulthood. Health and labour market intervention programs should focus on the time after school-leave, especially on those who are not able to find an academic or vocational training position.


Liquid dehumidification air-conditioning system is a green air-conditioning system with good energy saving potential. However, the poor performance is a bottleneck for its development. The reason for that is the energy waste in the traditional thermal energy regeneration process. To improve, a photovoltaic electro-sorption regeneration method is proposed in this paper. Driven by solar photovoltaic generator, strong solutions are acquired in an electric field with capacitive deionization units. This method avoids the energy waste and enhance the performance. Theoretical and experimental work has been made. The highest COP can attain 7 under certain working conditions. The experimental results show this new method is potential for future application. Introduction With the rapid development of economy, energy crisis and environmental pollution are common problems faced by the world. This is especially true for today's buildings, which take up more than 40% of the total energy supply. In buildings, more than 30% of the energy supply is consumed by the air-conditioning system[1-3]. Therefore, it makes sense to render air-conditioning system more energy efficient and less dependent on electric power converted from fossil fuels. Liquid dehumidification air-conditioning system could be a good choice, as it can make full use of kinds of renewable energies and is more environmental friendly compared with vapor compression system. At present, the most widely used regeneration mode of liquid dehumidification air-conditioning system is a thermal energy style. Though many progresses have been made, the poor perfomance of the system is the bottleneck for the system development. To improve, we propose a photovoltaic (PV) Electro-sorption regeneration method in this paper: Driven by solar generator, strong desiccant solution can be produced in an electric field with the electro-sorption technique. Electro-sorption, or saying the capacitive deionization (CDI), is a fast-developing technique to promote the absorption of ions in the electrochemical double layer (EDL) of a charged electrode surface by applying an electric potential. One big advantage of the CDI technique is that the EDL can store energy in the form of a capacitor and producing deionized water [4]. Through this way, the new system based CDI regeneration mode can avoids the energy waste in the traditional method, especially when the energy stored in the electrochemical double layer (EDL) is utilized efficiently. This paper presents the theoretical analysis made on the performance of the CDI regeneration method. Premilinary tests have also been done, which exposes some experimental results. Work Process and Performance of PV-CDI Method Liquid dehumidification air-conditioning system based on PV-CDI method is shown in Fig. 1. The whole system is constituted of three parts: solar collector, two CDI units and air dehumidifier. The dehumidifiation process is same as the traditional sysetm. The thermal regenerator is replaced by CDI units, which is driven by the PV power. Accurately, the regeneration process includes the liquid


Abstract Factors causing errors in the evaluation of mercury porosimetry measurements are surveyed to show how the customarily calculated pore dimensions may give rise to a false impression of the pore structure. It is suggested that reintrusion curves be measured. From these measurements the net reintrusion and retention volume-pressure dependences can be evaluated and the pores can be separated into two groups, one with reversible and one with irreversible retention of mercury. A cylindrical model of a pore divided into three parts by constrictions and a model with a conical termination are used to demonstrate the procedure, which makes it possible to estimate the type of pore and the cause of the mercury retention, as well as revealing pore structure damage caused by the mercury intrusion. Samples of two porous materials, silica gel and lignite, which differ in particle size, porosity, and relative retention, are investigated using the suggested method.


The two characteristic H-bonded OH stretching bands of α-monoalkyl-ω-hydroxyorigo(oxyethylene)s, (CnEm), have been observed at about 3460 and 3330 cm−1 in the liquid state; the former is due to the...


Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased cardiovascular risk and decreased functional capacity compared to the general population. The objective of this study was to compare differences in body composition between older women with (RA; n=23; age 64 ± 5 y; BMI 24.4 ± 4.3 kg/m2; years since diagnosis 24 ± 15 y) and without (HC; n=22; age 66 ± 6 y; BMI 24.1 ± 4.3 kg/m2) RA. Anthropometric assessments included height, weight, waist circumference, and body composition via dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Disease activity was assessed using C‐reactive protein (CRP) and the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR), fat mass index (FMI; kg/m2), and lean mass index (LMI; kg/m2kg/m2) were calculated for each participant. ANOVA examined differences between groups. Participants with RA had a higher CRP and Stanford HAQ compared to the HC women (<0.01). No differences were seen between groups for percent body fat, WHtR, FMI, and LMI. However, 43% of the RA and 30% of the HC had WHtR values associated with chronic disease risk (>0.5). 65% and 64% of the RA and HC participants respectively had FMI values classified as obese (> 9 kg/m2). 43% of RA and 45% of HC had LMI values classified as low muscle mass (< 13.7 kg/m2). Alterations in body composition may contribute to the increased morbidity and mortality seen with RA and other chronic diseases.


In these lecture notes, I review how to use large N techniques to solve quantum field theories in various dimensions. In particular, the case of N-dimensional quantum mechanics, non-relativistic cold and dense neutron matter, and scalar field theory in four dimensions are covered. A recurring theme is that large N solutions are fully non-perturbative, and can be used to reliably access quantum field theory for parameter regions where weak-coupling expansions simply fail.


Pig slurry is used as a fertilizer in agricultural soil. The intensification of swine breeding, along with high concentration of animals in small properties, generates great volumes of manure. Pig slurry has high nitrate content, which may contaminate surface and subsurface waters. This study aims to evaluate the environmental impact of pig slurry application in Ultisol and Alfisol samples. For this purpose, pig slurry doses obtained from distinct production systems (farrowing and finishing units) were applied in the following amounts: 0 m3.ha-1 (Control Treatment), 75 m3.ha-1 (T2), 150 m3.ha-1 (T3) and 300 m3.ha-1 (T4). Results showed presence of N-NO3- + N-NO2- in Alfisol and Ultisol leachates, and the pig slurry originated from farrowing units showed lower concentration of N-NO3- + N-NO2- for both soil leachates. The higher concentration of N-NO3-+ N-NO2- in the leachate for both soils was at 19 days after the pig slurry application. Before using pig slurry as a fertilizer it is mandatory to establish criteria for the elaboration of management and provision strategies, in order to reduce environmental and health impacts.


The role of urinary cytology as a diagnostic test for the detection and surveillance of urothelial cancer is crucial. Intravesical bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) is the appropriate therapeutic strategy for patients with high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGCU) or in situ carcinoma. We investigate how applicable is the Paris System for reporting urinary cytology (TPS) and how accurate is urinary cytology, in patients who undergo intravesical BCG instillations.


Abstract : The goal during this year of the project was to begin preparing and characterizing mouse and human monoclonal antibodies to botulinum toxoids. The initial step was to refine enzyme immunoassays for identifying both mouse and human monoclonal antibodies in hybridoma culture supernatants. Progress in this area has been good, though minor technical problems remain to be solved. Optimization of these assays was accomplished with hyperimmune mouse and human antisera obtained from Dr. Martin Crumrine, USAMRIID. Keywords: Mice, Human monoclonal antibodies, Enzyme immunoassays, Type B toxoids, Type E toxoids, Toxic, Microbiology, Medical research, Botulinum toxins.


The uncertainty often observed in experimental strengths of masonry constituent materials makes critical the selection of the appropriate inputs in the finite elements limit analysis of complex masonry buildings, as well as requires modeling the building ultimate load as a random variable. The most direct approach to solve limit analysis problems in presence of random input parameters is the use of extensive Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Nevertheless, when MC methods are used to estimate the collapse load cumulative distribution of a masonry structure, large scale linear program- ming problems must be numerically tackled several times, so precluding the practical utilization of large scale MC simu- lations. To reduce the computational cost of a traditional MC approach, in the present paper direct computer calculations are replaced with inexpensive Response Surface (RS) models. In particular, RS models are utilized for the limit analysis of a masonry structure in- and out-of-plane loaded, assuming input mechanical properties as random parameters. Two dif- ferent RS models are analyzed, derived respectively from small scale (20 replicates) MC and Latin Hypercube (LH) simu- lations. The accuracy of the estimated RS models, as well as the good estimations of the collapse load cumulative distribu- tions obtained via polynomial RS models in comparison with large scale MC simulations, show how the proposed ap- proach could be a useful tool in problems of technical interest.


Blunt eye trauma includes the mechanical deformation of the globe with foreign bodies or the damage that occurs by the direct penetration of the energy to the tissues. It is estimated that it accounts for more than 2% of 2,5 million eye injuries per year only in the United States. Retinal or macular damage due to blunt injury includes the following well-known conditions such as commotio retinae (Berlin's Edema), choroidal rupture, retinal tears, retinal detachment, retinal dialyzes, and macular hole. Although the clinical presentations of retinal and choroidal lesions are well defined, the pathogenesis of them is not clear yet. Besides the most accepted theory which supposes that the main cause of the retinal injury is vitreous traction, alternative comments suggest differential globe layer deformation and increased inner limiting membrane rigidity. Today, by the available advanced vitreoretinal surgery technics, the chance of the patient for functional recovery is higher than before. However, the pharmacological methods for preventing/ treating retinal or macular damage are still in their infancy.


Telemedicine system is defined as the use of tele-communications to support health care with the purpose to facilitate the interaction between patient and health care provider and to achieve improved treatment results and lower treatment costs. This approach, currently spreading, is becoming a useful mean to ensure home health care, remote patient monitoring and disease management. Furthermore, telemedicine can support educational and training programs for patients and health care providers. Technological innovation in medical care and introduction of telecommunication technologies in medical practice have led to the development of telemedicine programs in many medical specialities. The principal aims of a telemedicine system applied to clinical practice are to improve health care and social assistance. The concept of telemedicine in Oral Anticoagulant Therapy (OAT) management grows from the necessity to improve interactions between patients and health care providers and, at the same time, to enhance management system. The increase of communication requests among different subjects can be facilitated through the elaboration of data networks between the Anticoagulation Clinic (AC), general practitioner or other peripheral districts and patients. Telemedicine systems for OAT have been developed during the last few years with the aim to decentralize in the health territorial care units the activity of ACs, improving the quality of life of the patients living far from the AC site and maintaining the same clinical quality levels. A telemedicine system for anticoagulated patients should be structured through net supported programs (intra and internet) to collect and elaborate clinical data, connected among hospital divisions, health care peripheral districts and patients. A digital format to collect clinical data, an electronic medical record, communication tools to connect patients and peripheral health care and a global quality control system are mandatory requirements to set up a telemedicine system. All communications, including clinical data, laboratory controls, alerts, prescriptions and recommendations have to be available in real time through a bi-directional connection. The telematic organization could develop different types of solutions for different types of patients in OAT population. For example:  independent patient, who lives far away from the Clinic but can reach a peripheral district (Hospice, General Practitioner and so on);  home patient not independent;


Introduction: Intrinsic immunologic composition in liver tumor microenvironment (TME) may play a role in the heterogenous response towards immune-checkpoint blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In some cancers, it has been shown that cytotoxic chemotherapy is synergistic with checkpoint inhibitors. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and immunomodulation of 5-FU and anti-PD-L1 in orthotopic liver cancer mouse model. Method: The orthotopic mouse model was established with the murine HCC cell line RIL-175 through intrahepatic injection. The tumor-bearing mice was then treated with 5-FU (i.p.) 3 times per week at 20mg/kg. Anti-PD-L1(10mg/kg) was delivered (i.p.) every 5 days. Tumor growth was reflected by the luciferase intensity via in vivo imaging. Upon sacrifice, the tumor tissue, liver, spleen and blood sample were harvested, followed by subsequent immune profiling analysis using flow cytometry. Results: Based on the tumor growth rate and endpoint tumor weight, anti-PD-L1 monotherapy induced a significant tumor reduction whereas 5-FU, either alone or combined with anti-PD-L1, did not have therapeutic effect as compared to vehicle control. Proportions of immunosurveillance cells including natural killer (NK) cells, CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells were drastically increased in the tumor site after anti-PD-L1 single treatment, but reduced in 5-FU-treated tumor. To depict the underlying regulation by chemotherapy, immunosuppressive components were also examined. Accumulation in myeloid cells, particularly CD11b+Gr-1+Ly6G+Ly6Cint polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (P-MDSCs) were found to be a contributing factor to lymphocytes depletion when treated with 5-FU, hence counteracting the anti-tumor activity by PD-L1 blockade. Conclusion: In summary, our data indicate that chemotherapeutics may impose immunosuppressive modulation in HCC TME and latently alter the therapeutic outcome against immune-checkpoint blockade. This study suggests that combination of chemotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors may not be a feasible approach for HCC. Acknowledgement: The study is supported by the Terry Fox Foundation. Key Words: Tumor microenvironment (TME), Hepatocellular carcinoma, Chemotherapy, myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC), anti-PD-L1, immunotherapy Citation Format: Tsz Tung Kwong, Chi Hang Wong, Jing Ying Zhou, Alfred Sze Lok Cheng, Anthony Wing Hung Chan, Stephen Lam Chan. Adverse immunomodulatory effects of chemotherapy on myeloid-derived suppressor cell compromise immune-checkpoint blockade efficacy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 954.


SUMMARY Urban and peri-urban (UPA) cultivation supplies fresh vegetables and employment for the increasing number of urban inhabitants. It is characterized by the use of large nutrient inputs to increase productivity and often associated with negative environmental risks. For these reasons, this study quantified nutrient (nitrogen, N; phosphorus, P; and potassium, K) flows and economic performance of UPA gardening of the three West African cities of Kano, Nigeria; Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso; Sikasso, Mali, during a 2-year period using the Monitoring for Quality Improvement (MonQI) toolbox considering inflows and outflows sources. Average annual N, P and K balances were positive for all gardens in the three cities with N balances of 279, 1127 and 74 kg N ha−1 in Kano, Bobo Dioulasso and Sikasso, respectively, except for annual K deficits of 222 and 187 kg K ha−1 in Kano and Sikasso, respectively. Nitrogen use efficiencies were 63%, 51% and 87% in Kano, Bobo Dioulasso and Sikasso, respectively, with poor P use efficiencies due to excess application in all three cities. However, a high K efficiency was observed in Bobo Dioulasso (87%) while applications of K were lower than required in Kano and Sikasso with efficiencies of 121% and 110%, indicating possible K mining. The average annual gross margins from gardening indicated a statistically higher (p < 0.05) return of US$3.83 m−2 in Bobo Dioulasso than returns obtained in Kano (US$0.92 m−2) and Sikasso (US$1.37 m−2). Although an economically vibrant activity, intensive UPA vegetable production needs to be reviewed for strategic planning towards improving N and P use efficiencies in order to maintain its productivity as well as safeguard the environment. Appropriate K fertilization is necessary to avoid long term K depletion in Kano and Sikasso UPA gardening.


Journalistic history,as an integral part of cultural history,sparkles some interesting phenomena during its long development.Take the Chinese names of foreign missionaries who came to China in modern times to participate in operations of newspapers as example.The article tries to investigate the characteristics of such Chinese names and their origin in order to find out the deep essence behind the cultural phenomenon.


The article examines the problem of safety of the educational environment in preschool education. We focus on current problems of such social institutions as family and the kindergarten which influence the development of a child in preschool age


The failed attempt of JavaSoft to incorporate an "Object Aggregation / Delegation API" into its newest JavaBeans model has demonstrated impressively the high necessity and also the notorious difficulty of incorporating delegation into typed class-based languages. Although JavaSoft's proposal has been withdrawn due to public criticism of its limitations, the general issue is still relevant: is it possible to define a "one size fits all" standard API for delegation, and if not, is there any real alternative to such an API? This paper explores both questions. It shows that on one hand, all API-level solutions have serious drawbacks related to functional limitations, simulation costs and sensitiveness to change. On the other hand, recent work has demonstrated that integration of dynamic delegation into a class-based, statically typed language with subtyping is feasible in theory and practice in spite of contradictory claims in literature. However, since an efficient implementation is still missing we can just recommend an API-level compromise and invite researchers worldwide to join efforts for a high-performance implementation of dynamic delegation.


The U.S. healthcare system is in a time of drastic change, and the change has arisen because of frightening downward trends in people's ability to pay for medical care. Because of the changes, it is time to prioritize national healthcare-system content in health education.


The study presents the results of the implementation of the State Program for the Development of the Regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2020. In the face of modern challenges, it becomes critically important to increase the self-sufficiency of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the basis of regional development. In order to comply with and take into account national interests, it will be important to launch the adopted State Program for the Development of Regions by 2025. State regulation of territorial development is aimed at disclosing the industrial potential of individual regions and territories of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Taking into account the processes of regionalization taking place in the economy, the prerequisites for the formation of a regional structure of industrial production are considered in the work. The results of the implementation of the State Program for 2015-2019 were considered and problematic issues requiring changes in regional policy were formulated. Based on the analysis, the authors presented a new approach to regional development, which will ensure macroeconomic stability based on high-tech industries (technology parks), educational and research clusters (corporations, universities and laboratories). To increase the efficiency of management of the territorial development of the Republic, systemic measures are


SAR++ is a technology program aiming at developing know-how and technology needed to design the next generation civilian SAR systems. Technology has reached a state, which allows major parts of the digital subsystem to be built using custom-off-the-shelf (COTS) components. A design goal is to design a modular, scalable and reconfigurable SAR system using such components, in order to ensure maximum flexibility for the users of the actual system and for future system updates. Having these aspects in mind the SAR++ system is presented with focus on the digital subsystem architecture and the analog to digital interface.


It investigates the local and global synchronization of nonlinearly coupled complex dynamical networks.Unlike the existing synchronization methods,propose a new approach to design the synchronization controller.This method can only use the nodes' outputs of a complex network to construct synchronization controllers and it overcomes the shortcomings of the existing method which uses the nodes' state variables to design the controller.The controller proposed is much more easier to achieve.Furthermore,synchronization criteria is achieved for a complex network on the basis of the Lyapunov stability theory.Using the Lorenz system as a node of the network,studies have shown that the network can be synchronized under the proposed controller and numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


In 1907 excavations were started under the direction of Hugo Winckler in the archaeological area Ll18, southeast of Temple 1 (T.l)\ with the finding of the so-called "Haus am Hang" (HaH). Excavations continued in 1911 and 1912. During this initial phase, several texts were found in rooms 3, 4, and 5 of this "House on the Slope" building . Tn 1936, a new archaeological campaign led by K. Bittel investigated the ruins of the House on the Slope and discovered only a few new text fragments• In the 1960s there were more than 1,400 fragments discovered. All these pieces came from secondary positions, i.e. from the dump of Winckler's excavations (626 fragments), from the later Phrygian level (551 fragments), and from the alluvial deposit of the area (219 fragments). Only 36 fragments came from the buildings already discovered during Winckler's excavation•


The chord length probability density of the regular octahedron is explicitly evaluated throughout its full range of distances by separating it into three contributions respectively due to the pairs of facets opposite to each other or sharing an edge or a vertex.


This article examines Novalis's influence on the British fairy tale writer George Macdonald. The author explores the reasons for the authors to devote themselves to the genre of literary fairy tale and compares the means of expressing the mystical in their works.


With the growth of the suburbs and the strengthening relationship between income and household location, large differences have emerged in the values of the local property tax bases that fund public schools. Since the 1970s, court rulings have led states to attempt to equalize school funding by increasing state support. But large funding differences remain. While these differences and the impact of equalization efforts have been analyzed at length, the question of why equalization has failed has largely been ignored. This paper addresses that gap. By considering the incentives of legislators, taxpayers, and parents of school students, I explore the political economy of school funding, using evidence from New Jersey. My analysis suggests that equalization efforts will generally be opposed or undermined by various local-level actors. It also suggests that advocates of other funding reforms may face significant challenges from those preferring the status quo.


Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary defines sustainable as "maintain, or cause to continue, in existence or a certain state." The word "sustainable" is now used to define a world that is able to "maintain in existence" all life that now exists. To attain that goal, human activities will need to change. Waste Minimization, Green Chemistry, and Inherently Safer Processes all seek to manufacture chemicals in an environmentally sustainable way by reducing waste generation, minimizing the impact of chemicals and chemical processes on the environment and the public, and minimizing any hazards to the workers. In this paper, we discuss the synergies among these concepts. The three disciplines must better coordinate their efforts to capitalize on the total teachings, develop and retrofit manufacturing processes using the best technologies, and ensure the highest return projects. In the end, the ultimate chemical process will produce a non-toxic, recyclable or easily biodegradable product that meets society's needs, produces no waste, is inherently safer, and uses renewable feed materials.


With the development of economic society, statistic and statistical methods keep widening. It objectively asks statistical course to reform the teaching contents, teaching methods and exam mode. This study introduces the teaching reform of statistical course of non-stat. major in Hunan Metallurgical Professional Technology College.


OF THE DISSERTATION Photoemission studies of biased graphene-insulator-semiconductor structures by MALATHI S KALYANIKAR DISSERTATION DIRECTORS: Eric Garfunkel and Sylvie Rangan Electrostatic potential changes across ultrathin film heterostructures are critical for the functioning of a large class of devices. In this research work, a general approach to the direct measurement of nanoscale internal fields has been developed. Small spot X-ray photoemission is performed on a biased graphene (Gr)/dielectric/Si structure in order to experimentally determine the potential profile across the system, including discontinuities at the interfaces. The energy of the core-levels of the different elements from the stack provide a measure of the local potential and are used to reconstruct the potential profile as a function of depth in the first 10nm of the stack. It is found that each interface plays a critical role in establishing the potential across the dielectric, and the origin of the potential discontinuities at each interface can be determined, in addition to the potential drop across each layer. This unique experimental approach offers understanding of device function and leads to new possibilities for addressing problems that have until now prevented further scaling of devices and 2D material integration. Silicon oxide (SiO2), a well understood dielectric, is used as a proof of concept material in this structure to determine the potential profile using a refined biased-XPS method. A simple linear potential profile across the oxide along with offsets at each interface is able to describe the experimental data. The offset at the SiO2-Si interface results from band bending developed in the Si substrate under the different biasing


Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the major cause of sudden cardiac death, the leading cause of death in the industrialized world. However, the mechanisms for its onset are still not well understood. Recent experiments indicate that VF is induced by transitions of cardiac electric propagationg waves from a single spiral wave to multiple waves. To further understand the underlying mechanism of VF, we investigated the interaction between two waves in a two-dimensional excitable media. Three types of multiple spirals including multi-arm spirals have been found depending on the rotation direction and the distance among spiral waves.


Abstract: Based on the observation result which had been done in SDN Sidowareg I Plemahan Kediri there were several children with learning reading difficulty who had obstacle in beginning reading involving reading alphabets, and simple words. Therefore, to enhance the beginning reading ability of children with learning difficulty it was given the application of glass analysis method with picturing card and alphabet card media. This research had purpose to prove whether there was influence of using glass analysis method toward beginning reading ability of children with learning reading difficulty in SDN Sidowareg I Plemahan Kediri or not. The approach used in this research was quantitative approach. The kind of this research was pre experiment. The design used was: the one group pretest and posttest. For data analysis this research used the analysis technique of statistic non parametric. The research result after giving pretest was that the average value of children with difficulty learning was 55,4 and they were given treatment 10 times with the allocation time, 60 minutes for each meeting. Then after giving posttest indicated that the children's value enhancement happened with the average value 60,88. From the value above, it was then analyzed using sign test value (ZH) with Z table 5% one side test 1,96. The Z value obtained in counting was ZH = 2,20 so that it could be concluded that "there was significant influence to beginning reading ability of children with learning reading difficulty" with ZH value = 2,20 > Z table 5% 1,96 so Ho was refused and Ha was accepted. Keywords: Glass analysis, beginning reading


The Kuwabara solution for creeping fluid flow through periodic arrangement of cylinders is widely used in analytic and numerical studies of fibrous filters. Numerical solutions have shown that the Kuwabara solution has systematic errors, and when used for the particle trajectories in filters it results in some error in the predicted filter efficiency. The numerical solutions, although accurate, preclude further analytic treatments, and are not as compact and convenient to use as the Kuwabara solution. By reexamining the outer boundary conditions of the Kuwabara solution, a correction term to the Kuwabara solution has been derived to obtain an extended solution that is more accurate and improves prediction of the filter efficiency. By comparison with the numerical solutions, it is shown that the Kuwabara solution is the high porosity asymptote, and that the extended solution has an improved porosity dependence. A rectification is explained that can make particle collection less efficient for periodic, in‐line arrangements of fibers with particle diffusion or body force. This rectification also results in the alignment of particles with inertia (i.e., high Stokes number particles).


The general thermal hydraulics program GOTH-SNF was used to predict the thermal response of the waste in tanks 241-AY-102 and 241-AZ-102 when mixed by two 300 horsepower mixer pumps. This mixing was defined in terms of a specific waste retrieval scenario. Both dome and annulus ventilation system flow are necessary to maintain the waste within temperature control limits during the mixing operation and later during the sludge-settling portion of the scenario are defined.


We prove an a priori bound for solutions of the dynamic Φ34 equation. This bound provides a control on solutions on a compact space‐time set only in terms of the realisation of the noise on an enlargement of this set, and it does not depend on any choice of space‐time boundary conditions.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to experiment a dynamic performance management (DPM) approach to explore and assess the business dynamics of digital ride-hailing platforms with a focus on both supply and demand sides, and related interplays.Design/methodology/approachThe research adopts the DPM framework supported by simulation-based experimentations for developing a systemic case interpretation of Uber Inc. and its specific business complexity.FindingsThe emerging scenario analysis reveals that changes in the commission percentage for drivers and cutting prices for customers (car hailers) by competitors have significant impacts on the car-hailing industry.Originality/valueDPM and associated simulation-based analysis of the ride-hailing business may provide significant managerial decision insights and a ground base research in a relatively less-explored field within the strategic management domain.


Chinese sprangletop (Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees) is recognized as the most disturbing weed in rice fields in Africa, Australia, and Asia due to causing a significant reduction in yields. The habit of most lowland rice farmers in Indonesia is using high doses of herbicides more than once without any rotation, leading to increased weed resistance potential. Therefore, this study aimed to confirm the resistance level of L. chinensis to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides using the whole-plant pot test method. We identified other herbicides that can control the resistant biotype and performed DNA sequencing on a sample to determine mutations present in the biotype′s ACCase gene through polymerase chain reaction. The herbicide dose–response experiment showed that the L. chinensis from Bantimurung Subdistrict, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi, exhibited resistance to ACCase inhibitors (metamifop and cyhalofop-butyl), which is the first case of resistance to ACCase herbicides reported in Indonesia. An acetolactate synthase inhibitor (bispyribac-sodium) and a 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DOXP) inhibitor (clomazone) were effective at controlling the resistant biotypes of L. chinensis, so could considered for use in rotation or as an ingredient in mixed herbicides. Single-nucleotide substitution of guanine for thiamine at position 6081 (TGG; susceptible, TGT; Maros) that causes a Trp2027Cys mutation in the target gene contributes to the resistance of the Maros biotype to ACCase inhibitors.


A throughout study of statistical characteristics of fidelity in different protocols of quantum tomography is given. We consider protocols based on geometry of platonic solids and other polyhedrons with high degree of symmetry such as fullerene and its dual polyhedron. Characteristics of fidelity in different protocols are compared to the theoretical level of the minimum possible level of fidelity loss. Tomography of pure and mixed states in Hilbert spaces of different dimension is analyzed. Results of this work could be used for a better control of quantum gates and quantum states in quantum information technologies.


A general method for combinatorial optimization problems heuristically by the Ant System approach is proposed. According to the two different conditions, some convergence analysis for Ant Colony System (ACS) are obtained. The global searching and convergence ability are improved by adaptively changing the lower pheromone bound. It is proved that ACS finds an optimal solution with probability 1.


To deal with Industry 4.0, college students need to develop not only skills related to computers but also humans. Former Indonesian Minister of Research,Technology, and Higher Education had emphasized the urgency for this area. However, research articles that support the rationale of Human Literacy are still limited. Thus, this research was conducted to find the definition of Human Literacy and its aspects. Interviews were conducted to 41 students from 8 faculties at Soegijapranata Catholic University. This was followed by content analysis to interpret the meaning. We analyzed the compilation of the interview and looped the meaning of Human Literacy for college students into four main points, which are (1) humanizing humans, (2) technology literacy, (3) character formation, and (4) support from significant institutions. Additional quantitative data also showed the needs of discussion about Human Literacy for students. The result accentuates that learning of Human Literacy for future workers is an issue needs to be concerned by Higher Education Institutions.


An active adaptive H∞ control for a linear system with actuator faults is presented by using two adaptive control laws. When actuators suffer from faults, the proposed control can track the fault parameters adaptively without any prior fault information and guarantee the H∞ performance of the faulty system. One of the adaptive control laws based on unknown input observer is used to identify the fault parameters, and then the other one is used to make the system satisfy H∞ performance. The controller is designed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the effectiveness of this method is illustrated through the fault-tolerant longitudinal control of F-18 aircraft.


Producer Cooperatives and Labor-Managed Systems provides, for the first time, a careful selection of the most significant theoretical and empirical contributions to this burgeoning field, and promises to become a valuable research tool and reference volume.


Modern applications are increasingly structured as a composition of independent modules interacting in complex ways. 'ese applications are dicult to secure, especially when the composed modules do not trust each other. 'e most extreme examples of such architectures—smart contract systems—have lost around $1 billion to numerous a‹acks since July 2016, when an a‹acker stole 25% of the funds in the Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)—an Ethereum contract holding 15% of all coins on Ethereum at the time.1 In addition to their immense €nancial cost, these a‹acks serve as warnings for systems like web pages with interacting JavaScript libraries and large service-based cloud applications, which lack the direct control of €nancial assets that make smart contracts an ideal target, but share the same modular structure with complex trust relationships. My research focuses on understanding and achieving security in such composed systems. My work notably highlights the need for compositional analyses, which can prove guarantees about an entire system by composing separate analyses of its constituent parts. I have shown how to prevent the entire class of a‹acks exposed by the DAO using compositional guarantees [8, 9], and how a lack of composition can make security prohibitively expensive in real applications like public distributed storage networks [7]. Existing analyses are, unfortunately, inadequate. Universally Composable (UC) security [4] and similar techniques [3, 20] ensure that a composition of cryptographic protocols is as secure as the composition of their speci€cations, but those speci€cations may subtly leak information and combine in unexpectedly dangerous ways. Programming languages techniques can provide compositional guarantees to speci€cations, but o‰en assume unrealistically simple computational models. My research a‹acks these problems from three main angles. First, I de€ne and enforce new security notions to prevent costly a‹acks exploiting complex interactions between distrusting modules [5, 8, 9]. Second, I build primitive constructs to securely enable previously-missing functionality needed by practitioners, using new security de€nitions to clarify applications' security requirements [6, 7, 21]. Finally, I bring my expertise to collaborations, proving secure practical system designs [11] and grounding theoretical security work in real problems [14]. Moving forward, I aim to continue solving real-world security problems in decentralized systems, which will require expanding and combining techniques for compositional reasoning, while also working with colleagues in other disciplines.


ABSTRACT Research and development programs for improved productivity and profitability in horticulture have focused largely on understanding biophysical factors and production and harvest technologies. By contrast, relatively few studies focus upon the existing status of a rural community in terms of demographics, rationales and motivations underlying current farm management practices. Understanding such factors is increasingly important as pressures from climate change, globalised market forces, land-use competition and ageing workforces intersect on farms and for farmers. This paper explores experiences among macadamia growers in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia, with the aim to better understand and improve the targeting of development programs to meet grower needs and aspirations, for improved industry resilience. Results suggest that growers are a diverse, ageing demographic who came into the industry with a variety of skill sets. Noting a lack of previous farming experience for many growers, we highlight the need to consider information transfer and succession planning, along with aspirations to consolidate properties and skills. New engagement approaches are recommended, with tailored extension to different grower groups. To aid with this process, a classification tree was developed for the purposes of separating growers into groups with different support needs.


Cultivated sorghum [ (L.) Moench subsp. ] can interbreed with a feral weedy relative shattercane [ nothosubsp. (Steud.) de Wet ex Davidse]. Traits introduced from cultivated sorghum could contribute to the invasiveness of a shattercane population. An experiment was conducted to determine the potential for pollen-mediated gene flow from grain sorghum to shattercane. Shattercane with juicy midrib () was planted in soybean [ (L.) Merr.] fields during 2 yr in concentric arcs at varying distances from a 0.39 ha sorghum pollen source with dry midrib (). The arcs were placed so that prevailing winds would carry sorghum pollen to the shattercane. Seven hundred twenty seeds from each of over 300 shattercane panicles in anthesis during sorghum pollen shed each year were collected. Progeny were evaluated by phenotype to determine rate of hybridization. Hybridization averaged 3.6% within the source in 2008 and 16.0% in 2009 and declined as distance increased. Hybridization as high as 2.6% for an individual panicle was measured at the farthest distance evaluated (200 m). Wind direction and speed were also measured and their product affected hybridization rate for all pollination periods. Results indicate that genes from cultivated sorghum will likely be introduced into shattercane populations at distances of at least 200 m and that rate of hybridization is dependent on weather factors such as wind. Source size is also important in determining hybridization rate but was not studied here.


The concept of dynamic (frequency-dependent) viscoelastic modulus is broadly used for describing mechanical properties of rocks and building attenuation and fluidsubstitution models. However, for porous rock saturated with fluids, this concept is approximate and does not reproduce the stress fields within seismic waves and boundary conditions between contrasting media. Consequently, for heterogeneous poroelastic media, calculations based on a single effective P-wave modulus may often be inaccurate or incorrect. To examine the accuracy of the viscoelastic approximation, we use Biot's theory to compare the P-wave and Young's moduli for traveling waves and extensional subresonant laboratory measurements with short cylindrical specimens. Four observations are made from this comparison. First, for seismic waves, the moduli measured from stress/strain ratios differ from those determined from wave velocity and attenuation. The differences between these quantities are mainly in the strength of dispersion and poroelastic dissipation. Second, for the waves, the dynamic P-wave and Young's moduli and the Poisson's ratios do not obey the mutual relations usually expected from (visco)elastic moduli. Third, the moduli measured from stress/strain ratios in the laboratory differ from those for traveling waves. In a cylindrical specimen, frequency effects occur at much lower (10–100 times) frequencies than the dissipation peaks in traveling waves. Fourth, the moduli and particularly attenuation measured in short cylinders depend on the lengths of the specimens. All these observations are caused by the contributions of secondary P-wave modes to the deformations of small specimens. To account for these contributions, dynamic moduli need to be considered for all primary and secondary wave modes within the body. An alternate and better approach could consist in using first-principle physics for describing the material and boundary conditions of the specific experiment. Qualitatively, these conclusions should also apply to the more general wave-induced flow effects in fluid-saturated porous rock.


only a humble admission of the incompleteness of Eros and Socratic Political Philosophy, but it cleverly suggests that the development of the argument of the book has been an erotic enterprise all along. It depended on putting aside and forgetting the question of the very possibility that Socrates could have believed human reason sufficient to comprehend the gods. For this reason, the depth of Levy's book lies less in its express thesis than in the subtlety of its underlying intention. Levy may in fact show that eros not only supports religious belief, but is manifest also in an equally powerful longing for a world perfectly intelligible to human reason (that a provident god not answerable to human reason would problematize)—a longing that lies at the heart of human thought, but one that is perhaps as illusory as the religious hopes of the lover. In the end, Levy leaves open whether Socrates's way of life consists in this posterotic moderation, and thus what Socratic political philosophy is remains an abiding question for any serious human being.