There exists a theoretical defect in the academic circle on the constitution and identification of the subject of news value,i.e.it completely ignores the possibility and necessity of social community as the subject of news value,which has been affecting the reform and innovation of journalism.From philosophical and journalistic theory we can see that besides transmission subject and acceptant subject,news value still has a third value subject-society,which is an independent one not belonging to the previous two ones.This paper tries to identify social community as the third subject of the news value,and seeks to reveal its journalism significance.


Summary from only given. We have demonstrated, what we believe is for the first time, direct diode-pumping of end-pumped vanadate lasers such as Nd:YVO/sub 4/ lasers. Scaling to TEM/sub 00/ mode powers in excess of 20 W is currently being investigated. Results for higher pump powers and for dual end-pumping will be presented.


In order to improve the interfacial properties of organic semiconductor devicesꎬ polymeth ̄ yl methacrylate(PMMA) was spin ̄coated on the silicon nitride insulation layers to fabricate a com ̄ pound insulation layers. Firstꎬ the surface topography and roughness of composite insulation layers with different PMMA concentration were investigated by atomic force microscope. Thenꎬ the organic metal ̄insulation ̄semiconductor(MIS) devices were fabricated by vacuum evaporating of para ̄hexa ̄ phenyl(p ̄6P)ꎬ phthalocyanine copper and the gold material electrodesꎬ respectively. Finallyꎬ the hysteresis effect and electrical properties of MIS devices were studied. The experimental results show that the roughness of the compound insulation layers was lower than 1 / 5 of the single insulating lay ̄ ers and was about 1. 4 nm. The p ̄6P films can form the larger and more ordered domains on the compound insulation layers with the increase of PMMA concentrationꎬ but it is formed spherical islands on the single insulating layers. The organic MIS devices of the compound insulation layers have almost no hysteresisꎬ but the devices of single insulation layers have the largest hysteresis volt ̄ age of about 12. 8 V and its internal trap charge density is about 1. 16 × 10 cm 2 . The mobility of 774 发    光    学    报 第 40 卷 MIS devices with the compound insulation layers is 1. 22 × 10 2 cm / (V􀅰s)ꎬ which is 60% higher than that of MIS devices of the single insulation layers. The saturation currents are increased by 345% . The MIS devices based on the compound insulation layers have better interface performance and electrical performance which can be applied to the field of organic display.


A multi-objective optimization of a regenerative fan for enhancing the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance was carried out using an integrated fan design system, namely, Total FAN-Regen $^{(R)}$ . The Total FAN-Regen $^{(R)}$ was developed for non-specialists to carry out a series of design...


The invention Static electricity (Electrostatic Discharge: ESD) resistance a GaN-based nitride semiconductor light emitting device and to a substrate according to a method of manufacturing the improved (breakdown voltage); On the substrate, made of a n-type nitride semiconductor layer, an active layer and a p-type nitride semiconductor layer, nitride semiconductor light emitting device and a method of manufacturing the same are configured, including a distorted layer formed of V- shape with respect to the n-type nitride semiconductor layer It provides. LED, a nitride, GaN, electrostatic, ESD, the threading dislocation, the distortion of the V- shaped structure


: Field pea is among the leading pulse crops grown in the highlands of Ethiopia in area coverage and productivity, although its productivity is far below its potential due to several production constraints, including optimum fertilizer and spacing recommendations. A field experiment was conducted to refine and/or determine the economically optimum spacing and phosphorus level for Kik-type field pea production on Nitisols of Holeta in 2021 and 2022. A factorial combination of intra-row spacing (5 and 10 cm), inter-row spacing (20 and 30 cm) and phosphorus fertilizer (0, 23, 46, 69 and 92 kg P O /ha) was laid out in a randomized complete block design 2 5 with three replications. P O fertilizer and intra-row spacing main effects showed significant (p<0.05) effects on 2 5 some of the studied parameters, while inter-row spacing main effect showed non-significant (p<0.05) effects on all parameters considered. Similarly, only a few interaction effects were significant on some parameters measured. Depending on the ANOVA and economic analysis results, the use of 92 kg P O /ha in combination 2 5 with 10 cm intra-row spacing and 30 cm inter-row spacing (with a matching seed rate of about 73 kg/ha) was found to be optimum for row planting of Kik-type field pea on acidic nitisols in Wolmera district and similar areas.


Over the past decade, immunotherapy has emerged as one of the most promising cancer treatments. Several monoclonal antibodies targeting the programmed death 1 (PD‐1)/ programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) pathway have been integrated into standard‐of‐care treatments for a wide range of cancer types. Although all the available PD‐L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays have been developed on formalin‐fixed histological specimens, a growing body of research has recently suggested the feasibility of PD‐L1 testing on cytological samples. Although promising results have been reported, several important issues still need to be addressed. Among these are pre‐analytical issues, cyto‐hystological correlation, and inter‐observer agreement. This review will briefly summarise the knowledge gaps and future directions of cytopathology in the immuno‐oncology scenario.


Aims: People with type 1 diabetes (T1D) can administer insulin by multiple daily injections (MDI) or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Despite proven clinical benefits, the uptake of CSII is still low. Thus, this study investigates the change in treatment satisfaction and metabolic outcome of people with T1D switching from MDI to CSII therapy using an innovative modular micropump system.
 Methods: A total of 50 CSII-naive adults with T1D from Argentina were enrolled in a multi-center, prospective, single-armed study for the Accu-Chek® Solo micropump system (ACS). Change in diabetes treatment satisfaction after 13 weeks (mean 108, min 83, max 176 days) was assessed by the "Impact and Satisfaction" section of the Diabetes Technology Questionnaire (DTQ) as primary outcome. In addition, changes in the DTQ after 1 year and the HbA1c after 13 weeks and 1 year were measured.
 Results: The change score of the "Impact and satisfaction" part of the DTQ was 113.37 ± 16.74 (mean ± SD, p < 0.0001) after 13 weeks and 111.42 ± 14.42 (p < 0.0001) after 1 year (with 90 as non-change score). Based on predefined sub-categories, the following mean DTQ change scores were measured after 13 weeks / 1 year: 3.81 ± 0.61 / 3.79 ± 0.52 for "diabetes distress and burden", 3.96 ± 0.68 / 3.98 ± 0.60 for "hypoglycemia fear, worry and behavior", 3.56 ± 0.71 / 3.53 ± 0.52 for "device acceptance and satisfaction" (1 = much worse, 5 = much better). The mean HbA1c decreased from 8.20 % ± 1.34 to 7.92 % ± 1.18 (-0.28 %pt, p = 0.0341) after 13 weeks and 7.87 % ± 1.26 (-0.37 %pt, p = 0.0467) after 1 year. Thereby, one event of severe hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) was reported during 17520 device days.
 Conclusion: The switch from MDI to CSII using the ACS led to a significant improvement of subjects' treatment satisfaction and HbA1c. Effects were already measurable after 13 weeks and continued through 1 year indicating that using the ACS reduces disease burden among people with T1D.

 A. Dain: None. S. Moceri: Employee; Roche Diabetes Care. N. Dagenbach: Employee; Roche Diabetes Care. C. Rees: Employee; Roche Diabetes Care. C. Vulcano: Employee; Roche Diabetes Care. G. Vogt: Employee; Roche Diabetes Care. T. J. Etter: None.


The past few years have shown a need for fundamentally new approaches to the security and survivability of large scale networked systems. Infrastructures and other modern systems pose problems that arise from many factors: partial information, complexity of combined interactions of very large numbers of human and automated participants, ubiquitous access, loss of centralized administrative control, the growing threat of automated attacks, and a shift in priorities for security from confidentiality of information to availability of services. Survivability research seeks new methods, including emergent algorithms, diversity, and dynamic trust validation, to ensure that systems satisfy their most critical requirements. Easel is an automated simulation tool for research in survivability, infrastructure assurance, and other applications that must contend with incomplete and imprecise information.


We have realized a set of multimode lasers based on a double-clad Yb-doped fiber and Bragg gratings written on a graded-index multimode fiber. Efficient laser operation in the spectral range of 1.03-1.09 μm has been observed. Spectral characteristics of the laser emission have been investigated.


IceCube is the world's largest high-energy neutrino observatory, built at the South Pole. It consists of photomultipliers deployed 1.5-2.5 km deep into the Antarctic ice cap and detects the trajectory of charged leptons produced during high-energy neutrino interactions in the surrounding ice. A sufficient number of background free events and high reconstruction quality are essential, for neutrino astronomy and to measure the spectrum of astrophysical neutrinos. This motivates extended studies to determine the cost and physics potential of an IceTop Extension, IceVeto to detect neutrinos in the southern hemisphere. Building on the experience of IceTop/IceCube, and Auger, the possibly most cost effective, and detection efficient way to build IceVeto is an extension of the IceTop detector with simple photomultiplier based detector modules for CR detection. First simple estimates indicate that such a veto detector will more than double the discovery potential of current point source analysis. Here we present the motivation and capabilities based on first simulations. Corresponding authors: Jan Auffenberg 1 1University of Wisconsin Madison


In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of using graph-based descriptions to learn the view structure of 3D objects. The graphs used in our study are constructed from the Delaunay triangulations of corner features. The investigation is divided into two parts. We commence by considering how relational structures can be encoded in a way which can be used to generate parametric eigenspaces. Here we investigate four different relational representations derived from the graphs. The first three of these are vector encodings of the adjacency graph, the weighted adjacency graph, and the point proximity matrix; the fourth representation is the edge weight histogram. We study the eigenspaces which result from these different representations. In addition, we investigate how multidimensional scaling may be used to generate eigenspaces from a set of pairwise distances between graphs.


A transfer voltage control method of an image forming apparatus includes supplying a first measurement voltage to a first transfer member and a second transfer member, measuring a variation in resistance of the first transfer member by supplying a second measurement voltage to the first transfer member during a first period of time, and measuring a variation in resistance of the second transfer member by supplying the second measurement voltage during a second period of time. Therefore, it is capable of measuring accurately a variation in resistance of a transfer unit, such that an optimum transfer voltage may be set. Accordingly, transfer quality of an image forming apparatus is improved.


The purpose of this study was to compare the differences of moral reasoning among general students, sports related majors students, and student athletes in Korea and Japan University. We collected total 612 out of 700 (315 from Korea, 297 from Japan) and 88 questionnaires were excluded questionnaire due to incompleteness and unreliable data. For this study, Hahm-Bellar Values Choice Inventory-16(HBVCI-16), which is a Moral Reasoning Questionnaire on Sports Activities, was used. The collected data was analyzed by t-test, one way ANOVA and two way ANOVA with using SPSS Var. 17.0 statistical package program and result were as follow. First, the Japan student`s overall score of moral reasoning were lower compare to Korean university students. Second, there were 1 % higher score of moral reasoning in woman against man and in younger subjects. Sports majored university students presented 1% higher score against other related students and higher grade students presented 5% higher score against lower grade students. Third, among student athletes of Korea and Japan, although there were no significant differences, it was 0.1% higher among those who engaged in individual sports and 5% higher score in those who have less sports career.


The seed of Telfairia occidentalis is use commonly for nutritional purposes and medicinally in the treatment of malaria and inflammatory diseases. The ethanolic seed extract of Telfairia occidentalis (450 -1350 mg/kg) was evaluated for analgesic activity using acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced hind paw licking and thermal –induced pain models. The hexane and dichloromethane fractions were also analyzed using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). The seed extract exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of pains in the three experimental models. The GCMS analysis revealed the presence of pharmacological active compounds which are responsible for the analgesic activity.


Due to changes in the lifestyle of consumers demand, the load is increasing day by day. Because of this, we are facing power loss power quality issues and poor voltage profile at consumers or load side. To address this issue many methods are used to solve them those as FACTS devices, Shunt capacitors placements, Network reconfiguration, Smart substations, DTC placement, Automatic Voltage Regulators (AVR), and fast operating power electronics components, etc. So we are addressing this issue by optimal allocation and sizing of DG in electrical distribution arrangements. In this paper, the forward & backward sweep method with PSO is employed to identify the most suitable location to enhance the overall network efficiency without violating the security constraints.


This paper analyzes the definition,function and valuation of Third Party Logistics first.And then the strategy of Third Party Logistics development in Shanghai is suggested on the basis of the comparison of the development status of Chinese Third Party Logistics with that of America and European countries.At last it is discussed that how to transform traditional logistics enterprises to the Third Party Logistics enterprises and the relevant issues which should be noticed while the government formulates rules and regulations.


In the present work, the features of some excited states in some even–even 14-26O isotopes have been investigated. The aim is to predict the evaluated existence of magic numbers in these isotopes using shell model and Hartree-Fock Bogoliubov method based on SLy4, SkC, SkD Skyrme parameterizations. In particular, root mean square radius, binding energies, one and two neutron separation energies, pairing gaps, transition probabilities, excitation energies, energy levels, transition densities and quadrupole deformation parameters have been investigated. The results are compared with the available experimental data.


Real-time simulation has become widely accepted in both academic circles and industry. The technology has been applied to many domains ranging from aerospace power systems to utility power grids. The benefits of real-time simulation are generally realized through rapid control prototyping (RCP) or hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. When HIL simulation is undertaken, the validity of the results may be challenged unless the response has been verified against real world tests. In this paper, we compare the performance of a variable speed induction motor drive against a real-time HIL simulation of the same. Real-time simulations were performed on the Opal-RT OP5600. The motor drive control algorithm was programmed on a TI TMS320F28335 DSP. Field orientated control (FOC) was implemented for motor control. The phase current waveforms for both the real and simulated drive are compared with respect to amplitude and harmonics. In addition, the dynamic response to changes in control parameters is also compared. The results show that the real-time HIL simulation results are consistent with those observed in the actual motor drive.


Giventhehighrateofadverse drug events among patients with de-creased GFR, and the demonstrated ability ofcomputerized physician order entry and clinicaldecision support to reduce adverse drug events,there is a great opportunity to improve patientcare by applying these tools in this context. Inthis issue of the


OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the educational reform of Pharmaceutical Administration.METHODS:Based on teaching experience for years,the characteristics of programmed forth version textbook of Pharmaceutical Administration were summarized and some suggestions to improve next version and teaching methods for improvement of education quality were given.RESULTSCONCLUSION:The forth version textbook reflects the content and tendency of global medical culture and pharmaceutical management communication and integration,and contains many technical terms and chart.The forth version textbook is based on the improvement of previous edition but lack of the connection with current affair.Some editing error should be revised.Teachers should adopt multimedia teaching and case analysis to improve the student's learning interest and teaching quality.


The purpose of the article is to analyze the principle of social justice regualted by the Polish constitution as a category of legal language, the legal principle and the principle on which Catholic social teaching is built. Both in the opinion of the doctrine and the jurisprudence, clear references to claims in the field of Christian morality are visible. A man as a person (according to UDHR - All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights) should be supported by the community, including the state, especially if it belongs to the category of weaker or excluded entities. At the same time, however, as a member of this community he must adopt an active attitude, acting for the benefit of others. Catholic social teaching perfectly complements legal interpretation with a coherent axiological aspect.


Objective: One of the major issues in bone tissue engineering is the design and fabrication of bioactive, bioresorbable porous 3D scaffolds capable of maintaining their structure and integrity over a predictable period of time. One such approach is the fabrication of composite scaffolds. Methods: In this study we present fabrication and characterization of novel silk/bioglasscomposite scaffolds. Regenerated fibroin was constructed from mulberry silk cocoons and calcium silicophosphate bioactive glass was made by sol-gel processing. For fabrication of a homogenous composite, grained bioglass particles were modified with 3aminopropyltriethoxysilane coating. Fibroin/bioglass composite scaffolds were fabricated by the freeze-dry technique at different concentrations. Results: Silk protein extract was evaluated by FTIR and XRD methods. FTIR spectrum showed sharp amide peaks at 1655 cm -1 and 1530 cm -1 wave lengths, which confirmed the existence of fibroin. XPS analysis demonstrated that the amino groups were established on the surface of the glass powder. The fabricated 3D scaffolds were morphologically analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, which showed uniformly dispersed bioglass particles in all structures. Scaffolds were seeded with human mesenchymal stem cells for 21 days. Conclusion: Considering the cytocompatibility of the scaffolds and osteogenic differentiation during three weeks, it could be concluded that the appropriate combination of structural and biological properties make the silk/bioglass composite scaffold a probable choice for potential use in bone tissue engineering.


With the objective of to verify the impact of the activity of the fish farming in water courses of the Basin of Ribeira de Iguape River, SP, through the evaluation of physical and chemical water characteristics, 40 fish farmings located in eight cities of the region had been visited: Juquiá, Registro, Sete Barras, Miracatu, Pariquera-açu, Jacupiranga, Iguape and Cananéia. The supplying waters and the effluents, launched into the water bodies after the rearing activities, were analyzed during the period of July to December 2001, and the values of nine limnological parameters had been registered. Through Test "t" of Student, it was demonstrated that the characteristics of the effluents were different from those of the supplying waters, with high values of nutrients, such as: total phosphorus, ammonia, nitrate and total nitrogen. In accordance with the limnological characteristics, the fish farms had been grouped (aglomerative hierarchic grouping) as follows: group 1) small fish farms, which produce up to 10 tons of fish per year; group 2) fish farms for Artigo Científico: Recebido em 24/10/2005 Aprovado em 28/06/2006 1 Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, Pólo Regional Sudoeste Paulista Rodovia Sebastião Ferraz de C. Penteado, km 232 Capão Bonito, SP CEP: 18300-970 e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 2 Departamento de Ciências do Meio Ambiente, PUCSP – Sorocaba, SP Praça José Ermírio de Morais, 290 e-mail: dinâmica@aplicenet.com.br * Estudo financiado pelo Projeto BIOTA/FAPESP "Peixes e Pesca na Mata Atlântica do Sul de São Paulo" (Processo: 1999/04529-7)


The problems existed in s tirring and mixing technology were analyzed and the characteristics of impeller stirrer was described. The research and improvements of the new mixing equipment, design and optimization methods su ch as LDV,PIV,CFD and intelligent expert system were discussed.


This paper develops a methodology for cost optimal reliability based structural design and inspection planning of aircraft structures subjected to fatigue damage growth. The methodology is based on the application of methods of structural reliability analysis. An optimization problem is formulated to minimize expected lifetime cost while maintaining the minimum acceptable reliability level. The effect of structural design and inspection schedule on operational cost and reliability is explored. Also, the paper explores the possibility of trading cost due to additional structural weight with inspection cost to obtain minimum operational cost. The optimization parameters are the inspection times and types and the structural thickness. The important outcome of this methodology is consistent evaluation of consequence of different inspection and handling of uncertainty.


A method for forming a phase-changeable memory device is provided to obtain a programming requiring only a small electric current by forming a cone shaped lower electrode contact having a small upper surface thereof. An interlayer dielectric(114) is stacked on a semiconductor substrate(100). A mask pattern(116) having an opening is formed on the interlayer dielectric. An undercut area exposing the semiconductor substrate through the opening of the mask pattern is formed on the interlayer dielectric. A thin film is formed only on the top of the mask pattern. A cone shaped connector(122a) is formed on the semiconductor substrate within the undercut area by depositing a connection layer vertically. The connection layer stacked on the thin film is removed together with the thin film. The end of the connector is exposed by stacking and planarizing a dielectric film(124). A phase-changeable element(126) is formed. An upper electrode contact(130) electrically connecting with the phase-changeable element is formed.


This book studies C.P. Snow's eleven-volume series of novels (Strangers and Brothers) as documents detailing the social and political life of mid-twentieth-century Britain, and points out the uses for the novels in the academic study of that time period. Both Snow and his central character, Lewis S. Eliot, started from unremarkable origins in terms of their mutual background in the lower reaches of the middle class, their dreams of success in their teen years, and their early professional education in a new, struggling academic institution in the mid-1920s. Neither could really be considered typical for men of their class. Eliot's working life would include being a very minor town clerk, a barrister, an advisor to a powerful industrialist, a Cambridge don, a moderately powerful civil servant, and finally, in early retirement, a writer. Eliot would befriend members of both the traditional and Jewish upper classes, scholars and brilliant scientists, powerful behind-the-scenes civil servants, second-tier British and Nazi politicians, financiers and industrialists, Communists, and writers and artists, providing a fairly broad overview of parts of the middle class and ruling elites of the periods. Snow's sequence of novels is therefore useful to the historian of twentieth-century Britain, both in understanding the period as it recedes away from common experience and in presenting the period in the classroom. Snow was a classic twentieth-century writer who presented a more balanced account of the British governing classes of the middle third of the twentieth century than did the upper-class (and would-be upper-class) or working-class writers of the same period. His novels provide an insight that every student of twentieth-century Britain must have on hand.


Objective To evaluate the clinical application and value of 16-detector spiral CT dual-phase angiography in the diagnosis of cerebral arteriovenous malformation.Methods The manifestation of 16-detector spiral CT dual-phase angiography were retrospectively analyzed in 35 cases with cerebral arteriovenous malformation(AVM).Results Arterial phase CTA displayed well AVM's affording arteria,vascular malformation and part of early draining vein,and venous phase CTA displayed AVM's affording arteria,vascular malformation and expanded draining vein.Conclusion 16-detector spiral CT dual-phase angiography can clearly show imaging characteristics of cerebral arteriovenous malformation,and it is a reliable diagnostic method of AVM.


It is often assumed that children's language will develop normally in the average, "good" day care and home environments. In fact teachers and parents from all social backgrounds vary widely in the quality of language interaction they furnish to children in the early years. These variations, moreover, are highly correlated with how well children develop language and other skills. Over a series of research projects in both day care and the home, principles and methods have been devised that have been shown to enable both normal and at risk young children to develop high and long‐lasting competencies in language and other cognitive and social skills. The approach centers on engaging the whole child to interact with language informally in play and the ordinary routines of child care, both individually and in small groups, and emphasizing both the social, communicative and cognitive functions of language. A variety of specific techniques for use in day care are described and illustrated with several successfu...


Demographic change leads to an increasing demand of health care services. To provide the required services at the right locations, methods for forecasting future demands are needed. The goal of this research is to combine two different simulation techniques to forecast future care service demands. On the one hand, forecasts of demographic change are required. On the other hand, a plausible forecast must account for individual decisions for specific types of care. Thus, the paper outlines an approach to combine statistical micro-simulation of demographic change with agent-based social simulation of individual interactions.


In this paper, the modular multilevel dc/dc converters, by integrating the full-bridge converters in series, are provided for high power and high voltage dc-based systems. Each circuit module includes a full-bridge converter and a half-bridge LLC resonant converter to implement the wide range of soft switching and low conduction losses. The ZVS condition of the power switches at the leading leg is implemented by the energy stored on the output inductor. The ZVS condition of power switches at the lagging leg is implemented by the LLC resonant converter. Therefore, all switches can be turned on at ZVS from light load. A passive snubber is adopted on the secondary side of full-bridge converter to reduce the conduction loss during the freewheeling interval especially at high input voltage and full load conditions. The outputs of the full-bridge converter and resonant converter are series connection. Therefore, energy is transferred by both converters at whole switching period. Two circuit modules are connected input-series and output-parallel to effectively limit the voltage rating of switches at Vin/2. Flying capacitor is adopted in the proposed circuit to balance input voltages in each switching cycle without the complexity control scheme. Finally, Experiments with a 1920W prototype are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed circuit.


1 Lecture Note 3: Technical Change, Organizational Change and Wage Structure We now address the evidence on the contribution of technical and organizational change to changes in the wage structure. From my perspective, there are at rough six classes of hypotheses that have appeared in the literature: 1. Capital-skill complementarity, or a more sophisticated variant such as Beaudry and Green 2003 in the AER (which I will cover after trade theory). 2. Correlations and timing: Computer technology and skill upgrading 3. Characteristics of technology and tasks: Changes in the organization of work 4. Nelson/Phelps 'disequilibrium'view 5. Changes in market structure 6. Endogenous acceleration view We will have something (brie ‡y) to say about each of them. 2 Capital-skill complementarity In 1969, Zvi Griliches advanced the hypothesis that capital and skill are relative complements. [Be sure you are clear what it means for two goods to be complements, and that you can distinguish between p-complementarity and q-complementarity.] By this he meant that although capital is likely to be complementary to both skilled and unskilled labor, it tends to be more complementary to skilled labor. If this hypothesis is correct, capital deepening— that is the process of capital accumulation— will tend to increase the relative demand for skilled labor. Under this hypothesis, explicit technical change per se is not needed to explain rising skill demands (though one might think that there is a deeper model of technical change underlying this). We simply need capital accumulation. As stressed in the 1st lecture note, this hypothesis is clearly wrong if one takes it to apply to all times and places in even recent human history. The capital deepening the 19th century 1 (i.e., the factory system) was probably quite complementary to unskilled labor. But it could potentially be a valid hypothesis for the post-WWII era. The paper that takes this idea most seriously is Krussell, Ohanian, Rios-Rull and Violante (2001 Econometrica). They build on an interesting fact observed by Gordon that the relative price of capital equipment has been falling steadily in the postwar period. Moreover, this rate of decline of equipment prices may have accelerated sometime during the mid to late 1970s. This observation, combined with the assumption of capital-skill complementarity, could potentially give rise to an increase in the relative demand for skilled labor. where K s is structures capital (such as buildings), and K e is equipment capital (such as machines), …


The concepts of quasi-duo rings and MELT(MERT)-rings are generalized to the generalized left(right)quasi-duo rings and generalized MELT(MERT)-rings.Their regularity is characterized by the GP-injectivity of the modules.


This document is an introduction to the Matlab package SDLS (Semi-Definite Least-Squares) for solving least-squares problems over convex symmetric cones. The package is shortly presented through the addressed problem, a sketch of the implemented algorithm, the syntax and calling sequences, a simple numerical example and some more advanced features. The implemented method consists in solving the dual problem with a quasi-Newton algorithm. We note that SDLS is not the most competitive implementation of this algorithm: efficient, robust, commercial implementations are available (contact the authors). Our main goal with this Matlab SDLS package is to provide a simple, user-friendly software for solving and experimenting with semidefinite least-squares problems. Up to our knowledge, no such freeware exists at this date.


An antenna structure frames according to one aspect of the invention may include: a radiator having an antenna pattern part that transmits a signal and receives, and a connecting terminal portion, which makes it possible to send the signal to a circuit board of an electronic device and to receive therefrom; a connecting portion, which partly forms the radiator and connects the antenna pattern portion and the connection terminal portion to be arranged in different planes; and a radiator frame manufactured by injection molding on the radiator so that the antenna pattern portion is provided on one side of the radiator frame and the connection terminal portion is provided of the same on the other side, while the antenna pattern portion is embedded in the housing of the electronic device.


The problem of the interaction of relativistic elementary atoms (Coulomb bound states of elementary particles such as positronium, pionium, etc.) with matter is studied in the reference frame where the atom is initially at rest. An atom of matter is treated as a spinless structureless fast particle. The amplitudes of elementary-atom interaction are derived in the Born approximation under the assumption that a momentum transfer to the atom does not significantly exceed an inverse Bohr radius of the atom. The elementary-atom excitation and ionization processes are considered. The transitions where the spin projection of the atom component is reversed are also studied. In particular the matrix elements for para-ortho and ortho-para transitions are given. The spin structure of the amplitudes is discussed in detail. The sum rules, which allow the calculation of the cross sections summed over atom final states are found. Finally the formulas of the atom interaction cross sections are presented.


Global e-Trade means the electronic trade among trading partners across the countries. It encompasses domestic and overseas business processes, including B2B and B2G activities. It needs the efficient, fast, and accurate flow of information among all parties involved that have different information systems. To achieve the benefits of global e-Trade, standardized electronic documents or messages are essential. In this paper, focusing on the strategic importance of international standards such as UN/EDIFACT for VAN/EDI and ebXML for XML/EDI, we review the diverse efforts to adopt them for realizing the paperless trade or global e-Trade across the countries.


It has been nearly thirty years since the establishment of new urban zones in our country,the development and building of which,in general,has gone through four stages.New urban zones developed and built at different stages have different backgrounds and conditions,all of which are concrete expressions of China's regional developing strategies.The development and building of new urban zones has become and is becoming a major economic increasing pole of Chinese economy "continent",and the important engine of rapid development in Chinese economy.


Brittle microstructure in the «Sierras marginales aragonesas» have been ana/ysed by means of the Right Dihedra, y-R diagrams and Etchecopar's methods. The existence of several compression directions can be interpreted as the results ofa NINE regional compression and others (maint/y ENE and E-W) linked to compressive macrostructures striking N-S. Some of the extensive stress tensors obtained can be associated to extension in the footwal/ ofthe main thrust of the sierras


N E of the fundamental steps in any analysis of the inheritance of quan0 titative characters is the partitioning of the total phenotypic variance of the trait under study into it; genetic and environmental portions. The various techniques for this purpose for characters showing continuous or graded types of variation are well known (see WHATLEY 1942). They are based on methods of variance and correlation analysis derived in the main from the studies of WRIGHT (1921), although many phases of the general problem were attacked earlier by WRIGHT (1917) and several other investigators (among them WEINBERG 1909; FISHER 1918 et d.). In the case of characters whose phenotype is expressed in an all-or-none manner these methods do not directly apply. However, special techniques based on the inverse probability transformation have been used in this connection by WRIGHT (1934a, 1934b, 1943), while more recently LUSH, LAMOREUX and HAZEL (1948) considered the problem in a more direct relationship to applied animal breeding practice. Reference to the methodology and results of this investigation will be made in the course of discussion. It may also be noted that a t least one other attempt a t what may be interpreted as the estimation of heritability of an allor-none trait (multiple births in cattle) is on record, an attempt which, however, did not consider fully the difficulties of application of the analysis of variance to binomial data ( KORKMAN 1948). I t is actually possible to derive a simple technique for dealing with all-ornone data by considering certain properties of the "degree of heritability," which for quantitative characters may be defined as the proportion of the phenotypic variance due to additively genetic differences between individuals. The purpose of this communication is to describe a method of approximate determination of the degree of heritability of traits expressed in an all-or-none manner, and to discuss briefly the significance of the results obtained. The derivation presented is applied to raw percentage data as contrasted with similar formulas developed by WRIGHT (Zoc. cit.) and applied to transformed data. The problem was suggested by the junior author who also supplied the material, the general solution and actual analysis having been carried out by the senior author, while the responsibility for the presentation and discussion is shared by both.


BACKGROUND
The most important predictors of subsequent patients outcome after acute myocardial infarction (AIM) are infarct size, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular volumes and presence and extent of residual myocardial ischemia. All of these variables can be directly determined through scintigraphic approaches. The presence and extent of myocardial ischemia are strong pre dictors for fatal and nonfatal cardiac events and improve risk statification beyound the information gleaned from clinical variables.

CASE REPORT
We presented a case of 66-years-old male with myocardial infarction of anteroseptal localization. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) detected a large zone of residual ischemia (culprit lesion) within infarction zone. It has an important role in risk stratification after myocardial infarction, and indicates subsequent therapeutic decision making, in this case rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). After PCI we followed the therapy effect by MPI, and we found practically normal perfusion with minimal zone of defect perfusion in the apex.

CONCLUSION
Myocardial perfusion imaging has an important role in the initial evaluation and risk stratification of patients surviving myocardial infarction. It also plays a major role in guiding subsequent therapeutic decision making, and in monitoring the benefits of these therapeutic measures.


This article reveals the particulars of features included in a heading «Small Feuilleton» of Tomsk newspaper «Siberia Life». Analyzing the genre variety of this heading the author concludes that «Small Feuilleton» was one of the base for new genre emergence.


The main function of a shampoo is to clean the hair and the scalp. However, overcleansed frizzy hair is not cosmetically acceptable. Alternative methods of cleansing the hair have become popular among the sensitive hair population. "Co-washing" or "conditioner washing" is a method of cleansing the hair with a conditioner without silicones, petrolatum, or mineral oils. Co-washing is gentle to the hair but may lead to buildup due to residues under the cuticle scales. We discuss the pros and contras of the co-washing method in a medical perspective.


Institute for Unmanned Space Experiment Free Flyer, USEF, has been studying Space Solar Power System, SSPS, as future electricity alternative energy source. From 2009, USEF started new research and development project of the Microwave Ground Wireless Power Transmission under a support of Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, METI. This project includes the study for high efficient and thin structured phased array antenna, and the study for high efficient rectenna element. Also this project plans to test ground wireless power transmission as a previous stage to the next space proof of SSPS. In this paper, outline and progress of this project are introduced.


Objective To design Innovative elderly home health services according to the problems in existing services. Methods It conducted a in-depth survey of elderly home care,did the research of elderly common ailment, service dependencies and existing home health service and cleared the gaps in family health services of old people. Conclusion In the "hardware" products and "software" aspects of the service process,it carried out jointly design to meet the "coping with chronic,long-term monitoring of vital signs of the elderly and timely feedback to provide effective health services" needs.New model of family health services took into account the needs of the elderly and social resource consumption dual problems,it′s the historic choice of social civilization and social sustainable development.


P. Grant, J. Ayuk, P.-M. Bouloux, M. Cohen, I. Cranston, R.D. Murray, A. Rees, N. Thatcher and A. Grossman Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK, Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Hampshire, UK, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK, DepartmentofMedicalOncology,ChristieHospital,NHSTrustManchester,Manchester,UK, Departmentof Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK


C72Hi02C>8Ta2, triclinic, PI (no. 2), a = 11.8613(1) A, b = 13.2907(2) A, c = 13.3311(2) A, a = 113.2461(7)°, β = 97.4903(9)°,γ = 111.0447(8)°, V= 1709.1 Ä,Z= 1, Rg,(F) = 0.029, wRtetfF) = 0.066, Τ = 200 Κ. Source of material (ty-2,3-Dimethylbutadiene)tris(2,6-diisopropylphenoxy)tantalum [1] in toluene was exposed to nitrogen gas which had been unknowingly contaminated from an outside source with air. If the exposure takes place slowly and without stirring, single crystals of the product form readily. Discussion The structural result reveals that the original Ta(m) aryloxide complex has picked up an oxygen atom and dimerized, leading to a planar four-membered Ta2Ü2 ring, located on a crystallographic center of inversion. As a result of the Ol-Ta-Ol' angle being 78.80(8)°, the coordination geometry is somewhat irregular, but might best be described as trigonal bipyramidal, with Ol and 03 occupying the axial sites (Z.01-Ta-03 = 175.15(7)°). The O-Ta-O' angles in the equatorial plane are then 115.78(9)° (01', 02), 117.94(9)° (Ol', 04), and 123.97(9)° (02, 04). However, there is a noticeable tilt of these equatorial ligands down from 03 toward Ol, as indicated by the 03-Ta-0* angles of 96.35(8)°, 94.34(9)°, and 94.59(9)°, respectively, for Ο* = ΟΙ', 02, and 04. This can be considered as a distortion toward a face-monocapped tetrahedral geometry, with Ol formally capping the tetrahedral face defined by ΟΙ', 02, and 04. As might be expected from such a geometry, the Ta—01 distance of2.065(2) A is particularly long relative to the other Ta—Ο distances of 1.850(2) Ä, 1.872(2) A, 1.890(2) A, and 1.877(2) A, respectively, for Ol', 02, 03, and 04. Table 1. Data collection and handling.


Early in 1992, the California Department of Health Services (state health department) prepared a health assessment on a hazardous waste site in the Silicon Valley, an area south of San Francisco known for its computer software and hardware development. In the health assessment, a complete exposure pathway that potentially existed at this site was described (Underwood and Riggan 1993, Underwood et al. 1994). The receptor population was residents living over a shallow, contaminated, groundwater plume. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in groundwater had been hypothesized to be volatilizing, moving upward through the soil column, and accumulating within residents' homes. Subsurface transport ofVOCs into buildings from nearby hazardous waste sites has been the subject of previous investigations (Little et al. 1992, Johnson and Ettinger 1991, Hodson et al. 1992, Kullman and Hill 1990, Moseley and Meyer 1992, Garbesi and Sextro 1989), this paper covers the steps taken to investigate the pathway at this particular hazardous waste site. In the risk assessment report, diffusion-based, soil-gas flux and single-compartment accumulation modeling were used to estimate indoor air concentrations that might arise from groundwater contamination (Clement Associates Inc. 1990). The modeled indoor-air concentrations of several VOCs were estimated to result in a 1 in 10,000 increased cancer risk for residents living in the neighborhood for 30 years, 365 days per year, and 24 hours per day (Clement Associates Inc. 1990). The contaminated groundwater plume resulted when chemicals leaked from underground storage tanks at three semiconductor manufacturing facilities. The commingled plume moved north from the facilities' properties to a residential neighborhood where approximately 1500 people lived. The groundwater plume was centrally located under a former elementary school, which was later used as a daycare center for about 200 children. On he~rng about this new source of exposure, the community requested indoor air sampling in their homes. Communication between the neighborhood and the state health department was critical; especially important was the creation of a neighborhood advisory committee to oversee the state health department's activities. The regulatory agency overseeing cleanup of the site was close to selecting the remediation strategy and deferred further investigation of this exposure pathway to the state health department. The state health department did not have the resources to measure VOCs inside all 400 homes in the neighborhood; therefore, a limited investigation was initially undertaken to explore this potential exposure source. A more extensive study would follow if warranted by results of this preliminary investigation. The study design was heavily influenced by two issues: no indoor or outdoor air-regulatory standards were established for the VOCs contaminating the groundwater, and these VOCs are typically present in most indoor air. Interpretation of results had to account for the fact that VOCs


University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. February 2017. Major: Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology. Advisor: Anthony Baughn. 1 computer file (PDF); ix, 161 pages.


and the special positions of Jews, Muslims and women in the field of medical care. From their special knowledge of the archives, they are able to present new details on the demographic distribution of medical practitioners throughout the Kingdom of Valencia during the fourteenth century. McVaugh, Garcia Ballester and Rubio Vela are at their most speculative when attempting to explain the increasing pressure for medical supervision. They see it, first, as a "Christianization" of Valencian society and medicine: they interpret it, broadly speaking, as part of a process in which the Church tried to define the system of education most appropriate for medical practitioners. They also stress the royal interest in medical regulation. They point to Jaume II's personal preoccupation with matters medical, and to the political interests of the crown in asserting the royal prerogative. They also point to Valencia's particular reputation for excellence in medical learning and practice. While this study deals primarily with medical licensing in Valencia, the authors make frequent illuminating comparisons with Sicily, Montpellier, Barcelona and the Kingdom of Aragon. Indeed, as they are aware, their findings may be more generally true for much of Western Europe at this time. However, a good deal of research in the northern archives would be required to substantiate this fascinating suggestion. On closing this book the reader is left with a series of tantalizing questions to ponder. For instance, what was the precise nature of a medical examination? Did anybody ever fail? What did it mean to "pass" such a test? Also, if-as the authors claim (p. 34)-licensing was not a necessary prerequisite to practise medicine, then what were the specific circumstances within which licences were granted? But no matter: the excellence and interest of the scholarship presented here is such as we have come to expect from its authors. Nobody will be disappointed with this suggestive and provoking piece of research. The current application of humanist methodologies to the histories of science and medicine has re-situated science as a cultural activity; "science as both practice and body of knowledge", argues Lynda Birke in Science and sensibility, "incorporates and epitomizes the values of the larger society" (p. 257). Feminism, though already strong in its criticism of the larger society, has turned more belatedly to science, precisely because science has seemed so predominantly a male preserve. This valuable collection of essays on such topics as women sanitary reformers, sexuality …


6 Retrofit outlet chokes on existing WCs and introduce these to new building developments To force a change in disposal habits from using the WC to using the bin through the increased possibility of WC blockage in the home  table 1. Options for the management of sanitary solids A water-secure world is one where everyone has access to safe, affordable water, protected from floods, droughts and water-borne diseases. Urban water security means that urban water systems should not have negative environmental effects, even over a long time perspective, while providing required services, protecting human health and the environment, and minimising the use of scarce resources.


Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) are the cornerstone of the modern Natural Language Processing (NLP). However, as PLMs become heavier, fine tuning all their parameters loses their efficiency. Existing parameter-efficient methods generally focus on reducing the trainable parameters in PLMs but neglect the inference speed, which limits the ability to deploy PLMs. In this paper, we propose LayerConnect (hypernetwork-assisted inter-layer connectors) to enhance inference efficiency. Specifically, a light-weight connector with a linear structure is inserted between two Transformer layers, and the parameters inside each connector are tuned by a hypernetwork comprising an interpolator and a down-sampler. We perform extensive experiments on the widely used the GLUE benchmark. The experimental results verify the inference efficiency of our model. Compared to Adapter, our model parameters are reduced to approximately 11.75%, while the performance degradation is kept to less than 5% (2.5 points on average).


Diplodocoidea includes some of the first well-known sauropod dinosaurs, including such late 19th century and early 20th century discoveries as Apatosaurus, Diplodocus, and Dicraeosaurus. As a consequence of their long history of study, the basic set of suprageneric diplodocoid interrelationships is well resolved, and the diagnostic features of each genus are well established. However, intergeneric relationships are less resolved, including the relationships of putatively basal taxa like Amphicoelias and Haplocanthosaurus, the flagellicaudatan Suuwassea, and the highly specialized rebbachisaurids. For the rebbachisaurids, this uncertainty is coupled with a recent surge in the discovery of new taxa. Comparative cladistic methods demonstrate that character and taxon sampling need to be improved before greater phylogenetic resolution can be expected. Here, I present a new phylogenetic analysis that resolves many of the outstanding questions regarding the relationships within Diplodocoidea and examines palaeobiogeographical trends within the group. Suuwassea is recovered as a basal dicraeosaurid (the only Laurasian member of the group), and two distinct clades of rebbachisaurids are identified: a group closely allied with Nigersaurus and a clade associated with Limaysaurus. Amphicoelias, Amazonsaurus, and Haplocanthosaurus are provisionally placed as successively less-derived taxa at the base of Diplodocoidea. A North American origin for Diplodocoidea and Flagellicaudata is hypothesized based on the geographical and temporal distribution of those taxa. Rebbachisaurid taxa demonstrate a South American/African vicariance pattern, but the timing of the event pre-dates the proposed final rifting of those continents by c. 40 million years; the meaning of this discrepancy is uncertain.

© 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 161, 872–915.


We present a novel application of LSTM recurrent neural networks to multilabel classification of diagnoses given variable-length time series of clinical measurements. Our method outperforms a strong baseline on a variety of metrics.


The book of abstracts of the "3rd Workshop of European Centre
of Ichtyoparasitology" includes original English written
abstracts focused on results and future perspectives in
ichtyoparasitology of the three groups: Parasitological team of
Ass. Prof. Milan Gelnar - Masaryk University, Faculty of
Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, parasitological team
of Prof. Tomas Scholz - Institute of Parasitology, ASCR, Ceske
Budějovice and ichtyological team of Dr. Pavel Jurajda -
Institute of Vertebrate Biology, ASCR, Brno. These three groups
are working on European Centre of IchthyoParasitology, centre
of excellence program of the Czech Science Foundation; project
No. P505/12/G112). This book contains also lists of
publications from 2012 to 2014.


Infrared dichroic spectra of the uniaxially drawn films of polythiophene and its 3-hexyl derivative, poly(3-hexylthiophene), are presented. The dichroic measurements were carried out using probe rays (incident perpendicular to the film plane) whose polarization plane lies either parallel or perpendicular to the drawn direction. For the neutral films of polythiophene and poly(3-hexylthiophene) the ring stretching mode, v(ring), with the symmetric species of b{sub 1} is strongly polarized along the drawn direction of the film, while the CH out-of-plane deformation mode, {gamma}(CH), is highly polarized perpendicular to the drawn direction. The results of the dichroic measurements on the drawn films of partially oxidized polythiophene and poly(3-hexylthiophene) indicate that the modes induced in the mid-infrared region (ca. 1350-950 cm{sup {minus}1}) by their partial oxidation (doping) are highly polarized along the drawn direction. Furthermore, the broad absorption mode occurring in the near-infrared region (around 4000 cm{sup {minus}1}) is also found to be polarized along the drawn direction. On the basis of the symmetry analyses of the infrared modes on the polymers, we show that the polymer chains are highly aligned along the drawn direction of the films. This is confirmed by enhancement of electrical conductivity along the drawn direction observed for the uniaxiallymore » drawn films of the polymers.« less


Abstract The author gives a short description of modern geophysical exploration methods, with examples of practical results obtained. It is pointed out that geologists, in most cases, took the initiative to the first applications of these physical methods for exploration purposes, and that even the actual surveying with these new »tools for the geologist» was often carried out by geologists at that time. Since then geophysical exploration has developed into a science of its own, and geologists nowadays, with rare exceptions, consider themselves unable to master, and even to understand, the geophysical technique. As a partial remedy to this situation it is suggested, that the training of young geologists ought to include courses in mathematics, physics and geophysical exploration methods.


This study examines the relationship between societal forces and school computer use in the context of two issues surrounding computer technology: computer property and computer privacy. Four types of data were collected from district administrators, principals, computer teachers, and students over a 9-month period in a high school with a broad, iell-integrated computer education program. Methods employed were naturalistic observation, informal interviews, historical document analysis, and structured interviews. Observed conflicts surrounding classroom interactions pertaining to copying software were partly in response to the institutionalization at the district level of a policy that upheld the property rights of computer programs, but failed to provide compensatory funding for purchasing programs. This inadequate funding helps explain why teachers at times condoned and at times prohibited unauthorized copying of commercial software, and why so little explicit instruction addressed the issue of ethics with students. Observed conflicts surrounding the issue of computer privacy resulted from a conception on the part of the principal, teachers, and students that access to computer files was subordinate to and determined by learning--the central task at hand. This finding helps explain why students neither asserted nor protected the privacy of their files, and why the classroom projected a nonchalant attitude toward accessing electronic information despite the societal climate. (20 references) (GL) Reproductions supplied by EARS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***** *************.t* ************** U S. OEFASTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educahonat Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as Mewed from the person or orgaruzahon Originating it C Mawr changes have Peen made tO improve reproduction quality Pants of vtew Or OP MOnS Stated to MIS deo', merit do not necessarily represent official OERI posthon or poky Societal Issues and School Practices: An Ethnographic Investigation of the Social Context of School Computer Use


The molluscan fauna of Tekkali Creek of Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh, India was recorded. About 22 species of molluscs (16 gastropods and 6 bivalves) were recorded. Among them two species were marine, eighteen brackish water and two fresh water


PCMA (Paired carrier multiple access, PCMA) signal is a new type of digital modulation for satellite communication, which has been widely used because it can save up to 50% of the frequency band resources by mixing and superimposing the transmit and receive carriers of duplex link, and has excellent performance in interception resistance. Blind separation of PCMA signals is an important part of radio spectrum monitoring, high-precision modulation parameter information is the necessary basis for separation. In order to process the PCMA signal normally, it is necessary to distinguish the PCMA signal from the common single-channel satellite digital modulation signal, and then identify the modulation mode of the PCMA signal. The modulation identification of the PCMA signal provides the necessary guidance for parameter estimation and blind processing. In this paper, a PCMA signal modulation type recognition algorithm based on a fusion model of time-frequency analysis, residual network and transfer learning is proposed to address the problems of small data volume, difficulty in extracting feature parameters, and complexity of classifier model parameters of the current PCMA signal modulation type recognition algorithm.


Using the method of numerical simulation,this paper discusses the application of periodic water-flooding technology in non-isotropy high water-bearing reservoir.By orthogonal experiment,the optimized design of periodic water-flooding can be got to control water and oil in the mines.This kind of design plays instructive role in other non-isotropy reservoirs.


Amino acid analysis and investigation of nitrogen balance were done in 2 groups of the patients with renal failure and osteodystrophy on the diet and vitamin D treatment. The results of the investigations confirm vitamin D influence on free amino acid turnover. We observed significant elevations of plasma amino acids in patients treated with the diet and vitamin D in comparison with the patients without vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D didn't influence on the retention, urinary and fecal excretion of endogenous nitrogen in patients with renal failure


During the period from 1997 to 2009, Australia experienced a severe and persistent drought known as the millennium drought (MD). Major water shortages were reported across the continent, and there were some field accounts of tree mortality and dieback, but large‐area assessment has been lacking. Given uncertain projections of future drought conditions in South‐East Australia, analysis of the MD presents a valuable opportunity to assess possible impacts of these future trends. In this study, we analyzed the magnitude and sensitivity of vegetation responses to the MD with satellite‐derived information including the fraction of photosynthetically absorbed radiation, photosynthetic vegetation cover, canopy density derived from vegetation optical depth, and aboveground biomass carbon. Results show that the most severe impacts were concentrated in southeastern Australia where all four biophysical variables exhibited the highest absolute declines. Cultivated lands, followed by grasslands, experienced the largest drought impact and also demonstrated the highest sensitivity to drought compared to natural biomes. Shrublands showed the greatest resistance to drought‐induced declines. Forests exhibited the lowest sensitivity in canopy properties but average drought sensitivity for biomass, similar to other natural biomes. More arid settings tended to have higher drought sensitivity for canopy properties but lower sensitivity to biomass loss. Drought‐induced carbon releases were largest in forested ecosystems and in more humid climatic settings. High sensitivity of forest biomass to drought suggests that a large amount of carbon could be vulnerable to release to the atmosphere.


Leaf and root contributions from seven shade tree species and coffee on N availability and dynamics were studied. Nitrogen mineralization and release from vegetative material of Cordia alliodora, Erythrina poeppigiana, Eucalyptus deglupta , Inga densiflora, Inga edulis, Terminalia amazonia, Terminalia ivorensis and Coffea arabica were determined. Ammonium and nitrate contents for green foliage, litter fall and fine roots mixed with soil were measured over eight weeks. The green foliar material from Erythrina and Inga had the highest N mineralization rates (21.60 y 19.40 mg N kg of soil) when compared to the control (soil). The highest rates for litter fall, were measured for I. edulis and I. densiflora (6.74 and 3.93 mg N kg of soil). The other shade species and coffee had lower rates. The fine root N mineralization rate was higher in C. alliodora (14.22 mg


The subject of earth currents caused by electric railway systems is of such importance that it is believed a few theoretical notes on the relative efficiencies of different return feeder systems in reducing stray currents will not be without interest.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a medical injection needle protected from the contamination caused by the adhesion of various bacteria, preventing an unexpected accident generated by thrusting the injection needle in a finger by mistake and capable of being inexpensively produced by a simple process. SOLUTION: In a medical injection needle 10, a base part 14 made of a plastic and a flexible over cap 16 made of a thermoplastic elastomer are integrally formed by multicolor molding and the base part 14 holds a hollow injection needle 12 in a state inserted in the base part 14 and the over cap 16 is an almost cylindrical member sealed at one end part thereof and closely bonded and fixed to the peripheral edge part of the base part 14 at the other end part thereof and bent upon compression to permit the sharp part 12a of the injection needle to insert to expose the same to the outside and restored to the original almost cylindrical shape when the compressed state thereof is released to again cover the injection needle 12.


For a long time the chlorinated organics disposal has been a headache for environmental governance,which urges the development of a new,efficient and safe technology for degradation of the chlorinated organics.This paper applies a new type of mechanical chemical method to dechlorination experiment,and studies the relationship between dechlorination rate and the adding proportion of different reductant species(iron,zinc ferriteon,dust,zinc powder,lime)to explore the mechanism of reduction and dechlorination of chlorinated organics.The results indicate that lime shows the best effect and when mass ratio between P-chloranil and lime is 1∶11,the chlorine is almost completely removed after milling for 4h.The paper applies X-ray diffraction,infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography mass spectrometry to detecting the products.The results show that most of the milled products are calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide,chlorine is removed from tetrachlorobenquinone to form a carbon-hydrogen bonds,and chloride ions may exist in amorphous form.


Air conditioning installation with a refrigeration compressor, a viscous coupling, via at least one connecting element is applied to a drive and with a control device whereby the refrigerator can be operated compressor. The connecting element is part of an element on the drive side of the viscous coupling, having at least one working chamber which can be filled with viscous fluid, and at least one active feed chamber as viscous liquid accumulator. The corresponding ratio of the degree of liquid l of these cameras is adjustable by the control device via the adjusting device. The viscous coupling is provided with an element on the output side is operatively connected through the working chamber with the element on the drive side, whose output element is in transmitting connection with an input of the compressor refrigerator. Figure 1.


Effect of foundation-reservoir interaction on seismic response of concrete gravity dam is investigated considering Bichom Dam located in Arunachal Pradesh, India. Seismic analysis is carried out for two earthquake excitations (DBE and MCE) assuming linear behaviour. Time period, crest displacement, base reactions and stress distributions of dam are discussed herein. The dam with rigid foundation subjected DBE excitation is safe except some minor cracks at the heel, but the dam with flexible foundation suffers moderate damage when the reservoir is empty and full. The dam subjected MCE excitation experiences serious cracks at heel and toe of the dam.


Sucrose gradient centrifugation was used to separate the microsomal membranes and purify the plasma membrane ATPase from Ricinus cotyledons. The pellet from a three-step (30, 34, 38%) sucrose gradient was enriched in plasma membrane as determined by a combination of marker assays. The partially purified plasma membrane ATPase was magnesium-dependent and had a pH optimum of 6-5. It showed high sensitivity to vanadate, erythrosin B, SW 26, DCCD and PCMBS but low sensitivity to azide, nitrate and NEM. Substitution of calcium for magnesium resulted in low activity, and in the presence of magnesium, calcium was inhibitory. KC1 stimulation was low (less than 50%) and of the potassium salts tested all were stimulatory except HCO3 which was inhibitory. Specificity for nucleotide triphosphates was high, greatest activity occurring with ATP. Proton-pumping activity measured using quinacrine fluorescence quenching was inhibited by vanadate and erythrosin B but not by nitrate and oligomycin indicating that activity was mainly due to the plasma membrane ATPase.


Abstract Thermotropic liquid crystals offer uniquely ordered media for intermolecular reactions such as polymerization. Unlike the recently investigated topochemical polymerizations where molecules are rigidly constrained on lattice points [l], the liquid crystalline state permits full two-dimensional (nematic and cholesteric) and one-dimensional (smectic) movement. In addition, various degrees of translational freedom are attainable depending on the class of mesogen. Such freedom of choice, plus the ability to orient nematic and cholesteric mesogens on a molecular scale in an electric or magnetic field or on certain surfaces, makes the liquid crystal state an attractive polymerization medium.


Abstract A new method for deriving the components of drag from the CFD solution of an aircraft flowfield, by analysis of its wake, is presented. This method is applied to viscous flow calculations. It is also applied to configurations containing powerplants. The drag values predicted by this method are compared with the values obtained using more traditional methods, and good agreement is demonstrated.


In a comparative study of 208 US and 109 Swedish durable goods firms, and their practices for promoting design-manufacturing integration, greatest convergence was found for the adoption of manufacturing sign-off of product plans. Sign-off was also the most widespread practice, currently being used by about 75% of all companies in both countries. The US and Swedish firms were also similar, but not identical, in their promotion of mobility among engineers across functions. Permanent moves occur in about half these firms in both countries, but the details, such as which positions are involved, were not available. New structures to promote design-manufacturing integration mere adopted by about 60-65% of all Swedish firms and the larger US companies (1991), but 46% for small US firms (1993). Both countries report the widespread use of teams. There appears to be considerable difference between the two countries in adoption of design training. In 1992 the Swedish adoption rate of DFM (Design for Manufacturing) training was about 20% which is nearly the same as the US large firm adoption rate of 18% in 1987. The larger firm US adoption rate was nearly 56% in 1991 (41% for smaller firms in 1993) but institutional factors such as engineering education have not been controlled. The widest divergence between Swedish and US policies and practices for design-manufacturing integration concerns job rotation. Correlation results indicate convergence of adoption practices in the area of DFM training and manufacturing sign-off for Sweden and the US. >


Among dozens of DNA polymerases cloned from thermophilic bacteria, Taq DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus has been most frequently used in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that is being applied to gene cloning, DNA sequencing, gene expression analysis, and detection of infectious and genetic diseases. Since native Taq DNA polymerase is expressed at low level in T. aquaticus, recombinant Escherichia coli system was used to produce Taq DNA polymerase in a large amount. Taq DNA polymerase was expressed as a soluble form under the control of tac promoter in E. coli, and purified by heat treatment and ion exchange chromatographies. The purified Taq DNA polymerase was nearly homogeneous and exhibited a similar DNA amplification activity with a commercial Taq DNA polymerase.


【Objective】To prove theoretical foundation for the conservation and utilization of melon resources Kashgar by analysis of genetic diversity【Method】The utility value of Melon Resources were evaluated based on resistance,growth period and fruit characters of 33 melon varieties.The genetic relationship and background among resources were analgzed based on SSR data.【Result】Among 33 melon varieties,there were early-,mid-and late-maturing types: soft,crisp and semi-crisp fresh texture;deep orange,orange,white,green and light green fresh color;All of them show very rich appearance,deep genetic background and weak diseases resistance.【Conclusion】Melon resources in Kashgar show rich genetic diversity,a part of melon varieties have high utilization value.


ABSTRACT This paper details an investigation of the spatial autocorrelation aspects of an aboriginal heritage site in central New South Wales, Australia. The site is on the top and side of a small hill, approximately 60 metres high, is an ancient rock quarry. The surrounding countryside is extremely flat. Over the millennia aboriginals have mined the site primarily for extracting grinding stones. These were used to prepare seeds from grasses growing along from the nearby Darling River system into a flour-like substance for the production of a 'damper' bread. The quarrying activities are evident today in the form of depressions up to 1.5 metres deep and roughly circular, radius 2 to 5 metres. They resemble an old gold digging site where miners made small surface depressions in a large rock field. A survey of the site was carried out in 2002 and 3D coordinates and a number of attributes (e.g. volume, area) were collected or derived. Spatial analyses have been performed on the data to determine if there are any spatial relationships. Our findings, given the data already to hand, indicate that there are few spatial relationships; moreover the holes seem to be random in size and position. The question remains then, what data could or would explain the locations of the pits? Archaeological evidence by others indicates that this is a significant quarry site for grinding stones. Such sites are rare, though similar sites are located nearby at Mt Oxley, 40km away, and another exists in northern Australia. An understanding of spatial patterns will add to the knowledge of use of these sites by aboriginals.


A new joint-free bellows-based actuation system, especially designed for parallel link micro-manipulators, has been developed at Tampere University of Technology. A properly working prototype has been constructed, which is controlled in closed-loop. The next step will be the accomplishment of an open-loop control. To achieve this, the mechanical behaviour of the bellows has to be more accurately understood. The aim of this project is to perform a finite element analysis (FE) of one bellows, in order to be able afterwards to build a model of the entire micromanipulator. The work consists of a study of FE methods, in order to select the most suitable elements for this analysis. Since the FE simulations should provide accurate enough outcomes to contrive submicrometers exact manipulations, the main observed principle has been mistake forethought. Hence, every step of the modelling has been always carefully checked. The study showed a very linear behaviour of the bellows, which might provide an accurate control of the system. Moreover, a rudimentary beam based model of the whole micromanipulator is obtained and tested. It can serve as valuable basis to enhance more accurate models, and obtaining all numerical parameters needed in the elaboration of the kinematic model of the system. This very fruitful tool may in the future also permit to design other shapes of bellows-based Stewart platforms.


Objective To evaluate the comprehensive therapeutic plan with a core of syndrome differentiation and treatment for acute ischemic stroke(AIS),and try to establish an evaluation system of Chinese medical curative effect on stroke.Methods To divide randomly 42 patients into the treatment group(n=20) and the control group(n=21).The treatment group was given the comprehensive therapeutic plan with the basic treatment of internal medicine,herbal medicine orally after the syndrome differentiation,intravenous drip of herbal medical preparation,acupuncture,normal nurse and rehabilitation measures respectively at different time points in different disease development stages.The control group was given the treatment of thrombolysis,defibrinogen anticoagulation,antiplatelet,decrease of intracranial pressure(ICP),improvement of cerebral circulation and nutritive metabolism.Results (1) The nervous afunction was relieved obviously in two groups(P0.05) and the difference between two groups at different time points was not statistically significant.(2) In the treatment group the patient ability of daily life was improved gradually from 14~(th) day to 3~(rd) month(P0.05).In the control group the difference at different time points was no statistically significant although the patient ability of daily life was improved.(3) The patient living quality was improved from 28~(th) day to 3~(rd) month in two groups(P0.05).(4) In the treatment group the scores of wind syndrome,fire-heat syndrome and phlegm syndrome at different time points had a trend of durative decrease(P0.05).The scores of qi-insufficiency syndrome and syndrome of hyperactivity of yang due to yin-deficiency decreased gradually after 28 days(P0.05).In the control group the scores of wind syndrome decreased continuously at different time points(P0.05).The fire-heat syndrome and phlegm syndrome were relieved gradually((P0.05)).The fire-heat syndrome on 7~(th) day and phlegm syndrome on 14~(th) day were relieved obviously in the treatment group compared with the control group(P0.05).(5) The cases of mental deficiency in two groups deceased along with the disease development.(6) In the control group there were 2 recurrent cases.There were 4 cases had bad results,2 in the control group with a relation to the therapeutic plan and other 2 in the treatment group without relation to the therapeutic plan.All cases had no hepatosis or renal insufficiency.Conclusion The comprehensive therapeutic plan with the characteristics of syndrome differentiation and treatment has the best result to acute ischemic stroke.It is worth spreading in clinic.An evaluation system of the clinical curative effect on stroke with Chinese medical features was set up initially.


There are new challenges to us, as researchers, on how to design and evaluate new mobile applications because they give users access to powerful computing devices through small interfaces, which typically have limited input facilities. One way of overcoming these shortcomings is to utilize the possibilities of multimodality. We report in this paper how we designed, developed, and evaluated a multimodal mobile application through a combination of laboratory and field studies. This is the first time, as far as we know, that a multimodal application has been developed in such a way. We did this so that we would understand more about where and when users envisioned using different modes of interaction and what problems they may encounter when using an application in context.


In this paper we introduce a new view on roles in Object Oriented programming languages, based on an ontological analysis of roles. A role is always associated with an object instance playing the role and also to an object instance (its institution) which represents its context. The definition of a role depends on the definition of the institution. This property allows to endow role-players with powers that can modify the state of the institution and of the other roles defined in it. As an example, we introduce a role construct in Java, where the abolve features are interpreted as follows. Roles are implemented as classes, which can be instantiated only in presence of an instance of the player and of an instance of an institution. The definition of a class implementing a role is included in the class of the institution, the role belongs to. Powers are methods which can access private fields and methods of the institution they belong to, and of the other roles of the same institution.


The paper is devoted to some of the macro-regional aspects of digital economy. Special attention is paid to the definition of the level of digital economy development in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization countries. Currently the topic of digitalization and the perspectives of its development in other countries is under academic discussions. Thus, the authors of the article provide the definition of digital economy and stress its significance in the modern world. The analysis of the current state of digital economy in the countries of Shanghai Cooperation Organization was conducted and the most commonly used approaches in digitalization assessment were shown. The study led to the conclusion that it is important to choose an appropriate method to make an assessment of digitalization among member states.


Radiographic information, like any other kind of information, has no value until it is presented to a human observer, in this case, the radiologist or referring physician, who will extract from, and apply, this information to benefit the patient. Information, in other words, is like the sound made by a tree falling in the middle of a forest--it doesn't really exist until there is a human receiver. The human observer is, therefore, the focus around which any radiographic information system must be developed.


Seed orchard production of Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach seed faces several challenges including low seed production, pollen-cone abortion, self-pollination, and accelerated reproductive development. In a seed orchard study in 1988 and 1989, approximately eight seeds were produced per cone, but only one to three seeds per cone contained viable embryos. Pollen-cone abortion in 21 clones ranged from 6 to 87% in 1989–1990 and from 0 to 6% in 1990–1991. A bud mite, identified as Trisetacus chamaecypari Smith, was consistently associated with pollen-cone abortion in two orchard locations. This mite may be the cause or simply a symptom of unhealthy pollen cones. In a pollination study involving wind, self, and cross pollinations on five clones, self-pollinated cones had significantly fewer seeds containing embryos (4%) compared with the other treatments (28–33%). Pollen-cone development at a seed orchard occurred in July and August 1990 and was comparable with natural stand phenology. However, embry...


The nuclear symmetry energy and its behaviour with density has been recently evaluated with enhanced value by PREX-2 experiment. This new values enables direct Urca neutrino emission process to be functioning in the dense matter inside neutron stars. With this new outlook we study the cooling rate of canonical mass neutron stars and compare with available observational cooling data. We find most of the isolated neutron star thermal profile is compatible with the cooling of canonical mass star including superfluidity suppression.


Recently, the researchers gave a great interest in the superconducting topic, as the preparation method is importance to reach a high critical temperature. In this study, the Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 (Bi-2223) compound prepared by thermal treatment method at different sintering temperatures such as (600, 700, 850) °C at (7) PH for (20 hrs). The phase formation was observed by X-ray diffraction, as well as information about the crystal structure, as the peaks were almost identical to the international standard document. the peaks are well indexed by tetragonal phase of Bi-2223. The results of the electrical resistance test showed that there is a difference in the critical temperature depending on the difference of the sintering temperatures The best result was at a temperature of 850 ° C. The sizes of the nanoparticles ranged from (22 - 123) nm, this is what the TEM measurements showed. It has been shown to be a successful method for preparing superconducting nanoparticles as (Bi-2223) compound


The future Indian banking industry structure will undergo some basic changes in respect of overall growth capability, risk management potential and competitive pressures. These changes, taken together, will imply an enhanced complexity in the banking industry structure and performance. In the medium and long run the Indian economy is expected to become a Global player with significant presence in World markets and lucrative rural markets. This provides an opportunity as well as a threat for the PSBs. Growth will create flexibility in asset structure, higher capital base and market share and therefore enable PSBs to generate adaptive efficiency. On the other hand, without efficient adaptation to the growth process, the PSBs cannot sustain their competitive edge and asset leverage and therefore will not be able to exploit the opportunities afforded by the domestic and the international market. The optimal strategy will depend on the special historical conditions in the operations of each bank and the comparative advantages and orientation towards future growth, competition and risk. For those banks inclined towards higher growth, organic growth will not be sufficient and has to be replaced by strategies of mergers and acquisitions.


Geographical climatology must systematically investigate the exchanges of heat, water, and momentum that occur at or near the earth's surface. Our discipline should focus upon surface features described under the general term "topoclimatology"as well as upon transfer processes occurring in the planetary boundary layer. Climatologists must increase their understanding of the synergistic relationships among climatic processes, surface features, and human actions. Methods of data collection, summary, analysis, and display also need to be improved. These challenges must be met in order that we may develop a better understanding of climate and improve our quantitative climatic analogues.


Injection moulders can look back on favourable experience with PDA systems. The extrusion process poses specific demands on the implementation of production data, since the laws governing a continous process have to be taken into account


Although diarrhoea and malaria are among the leading causes of child mortality and morbidity in Sub-Saharan Africa, few detailed studies have examined the patterns and determinants of these ailments in the most affected communities. In this paper, we investigate the spatial clustering of observed diarrhoea and fever morbidity in Malawi using the 2000 Malawi Demographic and Health survey. Clustering was achieved by mapping the residual district spatial effects using a Bayesian geo-additive logistic model that simultaneously control for spatial dependence in the data and potential nonlinear effects of covariates. For both ailments, we were able to identify a distinct district pattern of childhood morbidity. The spatial patterns emphasise the role of remoteness as well as climatic and geographic factors on morbidity. The fixed effects show the importance of exclusively breastfeeding for diarrhoea and maternal education for both ailments. Diarrhoea and fever were both observed to show an interesting association with a child's age.


The topic Strategic Human Resource management will help the organizations in Oman to develop the competency skills of the personnel working in their organization. Sample sizes of 120 employees were chosen using simple random sampling technique. Descriptive analysis is followed us research design. Inductive approach as research approach is used which help the researcher to draft the theory on the analysis and survey as research strategy is used in this study. Primary data is obtained through questionnaire and secondary data through journals, books, internet and newspapers.


This superficially simple modality can serve as a valuable aid in identifying physiologic impairment and diagnosing cardiopulmonary diseases in their early stages.


The paper describes a recently completed office building, located in the industrial area of Chieri (25 km SE of Turin), which incorporates several energy saving features: high energy performance envelope, reversible GSHP for year-round HVAC, hot and cold phasechange storage, variable-flow water pumps, low temperature heating / high temperature cooling terminals (chilled beams), green roof. The HVAC system uses different solutions according to the destination of each area: primary air and ceiling-mounted fan coils in the ground floor, and active chilled beams in the offices and meeting rooms. The AHU allows sensible heat recovery with an air-to-air cross-flow heat exchanger, and heat recovery from the heat pump condenser for summer humidity control. Two water-to-water reversible ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs) provide hot water in winter, and chilled water coupled with recovered hot water in summer operation. The winter heat source / summer heat sink is a geothermal field consisting of 31 borehole (vertical) single pipe heat exchangers, 100 m deep. Both the hot and cold hydronic circuits include a phase-change storage tank using eutectic salts. The storage tanks are connected in parallel to the GSHPs allowing a significant reduction of installed HP capacity. Variable flow rate pumps with inverter control are used for hot and cold water circulation. A yearly energy analysis was developed, in which the proposed system performance was compared with a conventional alternative, consisting of a gas-fired boiler and an electrically-driven air cooled water chiller. The energy analysis indicated a 46% reduction in primary energy consumption. The estimated system payback time is 8.6 years.


Objective To evaluate low-weight mesh for tension-free repair of inguinal hernia in the elders. Methods 120 old patients ( age at 60 -97 years) underwent tension-free repair of inguinal hernia by using low-weight mesh. The early complications, time of up and about, hospital stay, postoperative chronic pain,foreign body feelings and hernia recurrence were analyzed. Results The operations were successful in all cases and the average time of operation was (43 ± 12 ) min. 9 cases suffered from edema of the scrotum, 5 cases suffered urine retention, 4 cases suffered from incision hematoma. The average time of outof-bed was ( 17.4 ± 1.8 ) h, the average hospital days was ( 7.4 ± 1.9) d. However, there were 1.7%(2/120) patients suffering from slight chronic pain and 9. 1% (11/120) patients complaining foreign body feelings. There was no recurrence after follow-up for 6 to 48 months. Conclusions The clinical application of low-weight mesh for tension-free repair of inguinal hernia in old age is safe and effective, with an additional advantage of low occurrence of chronic pain and foreign body feelings.

Key words:
Hernia, inguinal;  Restore operative, surgery;  Low-weight mesh


The Pierz term in Gamow-Teller-transitions may be determined by precise determinations of the K/ beta /sup +/ ratio. Positron emission in the decay of Co/sup 58/was measured using coincidence scintillation methods. The value of 0.151 pi 0.005. This leads to a K/ beta /sup +/ ratio of 5.08 plus or minus 0.17 to the 0.810-Mev level in Fe/sup 58/ On the assumption that the beta transition is pure Gamow-Teller, the Fierz term is --0.004 plus or minus 0.014. (auth)


Ten plots were used to study the interception deposition, total canopy leaching, base cations from canopy leaching, and the H+ and NH4+ uptake by the canopy in subtropical coniferous-broadleaved mixed forest in Shaoshan, Hunan Province, from January 2001 to June 2002. The predominant elements in wet deposition in the forest were Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+. Ca2+ from canopy leaching was high, amounting to 155.34 mmol m-2a-1, followed by K+ (84.13 mmol m-2a-1) and Mg2+ (30.74 mmol m-2a-1). Large amount of Ca2+ leaching indicated that it was the main acidity buffering agent from canopy leaching, suggesting the potential harmfulness of acid rain to the forest. Seasonal changes in the amount of base cations from canopy leaching were in the order of winter spring summer autumn, but the proportion of total leaching were summer (58.4%) spring (54.1%) winter (51.4%) autumn (32.5%). Seasonal uptake of NH4+ by the canopy in the year observed varied from 30 to 100 mmol m-2, and that of H+ from 30 to 180 mmol m-2.


Molecules that link innate and adaptive immunity and regulate immune response in health and disease are now the focus of many studies. This review discusses CD74 and its ligand macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and their central position in linking these two components of the immune response by controlling survival of macrophages and B cells.


: In this note, we will completely classify all of rational solutions of the A 4 Painlev´e equation, which is a generalization of the fourth Painlev´e equation. The rational solutions are classified to three types by the B¨acklund transformation group.


Man About Dog (2004) is an Irish comedy-caper-road-movie about three Northern wide-boys who mange to get their hands on a prizewinning greyhound. They travel from North to South in pursuit of their fortune chased by a big-shot greyhound breeder and a group of Irish travelers, who are intent on claiming their winnings. In the film many aspects of narrative structure, theme and visual style that have come to be identified with New Irish Cinema, (1) intersect, tracing key developments in Irish cinema at large and in particular, the ongoing relationship between southern and Northern Ireland since the re-activation of Bord Scannan na hEireann/Irish Film Board in 1993. This film reveals how identity politics and film narratives have shifted significantly during this period, with the emphasis on the 'national' being, in more recent times, eschewed. While the discourse of national identity has served Irish film well over a long period, providing a cogent methodology for examining Irish cinema's First Wave (1975-1989), off-shore (2) and foreign productions over the past 30 years, its value to the analysis of contemporary indigenous film-making is less pronounced. Film-makers in Ireland today appear less concerned with the exploration of national identity; contemporary Irish cinema reveals an identity formation that is more aligned to mainstream popular culture relying on cultural universals rather than specificities. Where identity is specific, it is at the level of consumer products that cross easily between national borders, mainstream cinema being one of the dominant cultural underpinnings. Many of the transformations in style and content within Irish film over the last decade or so can be surveyed microscopically in the film Man About Dog--illustrating developments in the macroscopic practices of New Irish Cinema at large. Man About Dog can be categorised as a "post cease-fire" film, whereby the North of Ireland is used as a location backdrop with little exploration of politics in the story line and almost no reference to the "Troubles". In a similar way to Accelerator (2000), Sunset Heights (1998) and The Most Fertile Man in Ireland (2001) the backdrop of Northern Ireland is used to launch the narrative and locate the story. While the premise of the plot may be linked to the "Troubles" or remnants of the conflict since the cease-fire, the central dramatic theme is usually more universal and often humanistic, less locally specific and rarely political, a characteristic of contemporary Irish writing that, on a surface level, could take place 'anywhere'. (3) As Martin McLoone (2001) has argued, although many films set in Ireland since 1993 are not necessarily political films, one can engage with them in a political way, suggesting that far from being ideologically neutral, these films reveal a political nuance in its broadest sense. Whether as a reaction to the perceived notion of what an Irish film is or to thirty years of political violence in Northern Ireland, recent Irish writers and directors are increasingly appropriating the political situation in the North for comic purposes. The collective response among film-makers in Ireland, possibly reflecting a wider reaction to the cessation of political violence, is not to analyse and reflect through the medium of film, but to laugh, creating a catharsis of relief having finally discarded the fighting Irish stigma and stereotype that has sustained many Irish film narratives. Comedy is the chosen method by southern film-makers to explore the Northern situation which often eclipses an overtly political resonance. The record-setting box office receipts for Man About Dog, (2.5 million [euro] in Ireland, making it the highest grossing Irish Film Board film since its reactivation in 1993) suggests that the domestic audience is responding favourably to this type of exploration. Despite challenging the notion that a national cinema exists, in an article entitled "The Myth of an Irish Cinema", Michael Gillespie (forthcoming 2006) states that 'a film industry [in Ireland] does exist, but, from the beginning of the last century to the present, the efforts of foreign and national filmmakers have been indistinguishable from one another at every level of the production process'. …