A topological structure vulnerability assessment approach for UMNS was developed in order to minimize impact of incidents on the system.Failure scale of stations and sections random failure and target attacks was evaluated.The results show that UMNS is more vulnerable to target attacks on stations than random failure on stations,but UMNS is less vulnerable to target attacks on sections than random failure on sections,and UMNS is more vulnerable to station failure than sections.It could be concluded that more resources should be put on big transfer stations in UMNS operation management to avoid large scale impacts.


Aim of the present study is the presentation of certain typological parallele between Byzantine and Bulgarian literature, concerning the so-called «prophecies», which include information on the practice of magic. Prophecies are worthy of special attention, when examined in comparative manner, because they are a valuable literary source which fully presents the evolution of thought of medieval man, often presenting a fuller picture than that of official literature on the Balkans.


This paper investigates if liquidity (or illiquidity) is a factor influencing returns on the Swedish stock market during the period of January 2001 to December of 2010. The time-series effects of illiquidity as well as differences in the effects of illiquidity across stocks with different characteristics are investigated. In addition, the paper addresses the question of whether sensitivity of stock returns to illiquidity, as well as to other explanatory factors, is persistent over time.

The results suggest that returns are sensitive to illiquidity during the sample period but that the effect decreases over time. For liquid stocks the relationship between return and illiquidity is found to be negative whilst the relationship is found to positive for illiquid stocks. Liquid stocks are found to be more sensitive to changes in illiquidity than illiquid stocks.


One application of gene flow science is the policy arena. In this article, we describe two examples in which the topic of gene flow has entered into the U.S. national environmental policymaking process: regulation of genetically engineered crops and clarification of the jurisdictional scope of the Clean Water Act. We summarize both current scientific understanding and the legal context within which gene flow science has relevance. We also discuss the process by which scientific knowledge has been synthesized and communicated to decision‐makers in these two contexts utilizing the concept of 'boundary work'. Boundary organizations, the work they engage in to bridge the worlds of science, policy, and practice, and the boundary objects they produce to translate scientific knowledge existed in both examples. However, the specific activities and attributes of the objects produced varied based on the needs of the decision‐makers. We close with suggestions for how scientists can contribute to or engage in boundary work with policymakers.


By the way of initiated polymerization in toluene solution,two tercopolymers were prepared from octadecyl acrylate (acrylamide),maleic anhydride and styrolene in molar ratio 6:1:2 as pour point depressant A(B),C(D),a kind of pour point depressant,was synthesized by alcoholysis(aminolysis) of A(B) by stearyl alcohol(octadecylamine) in the toluene as solvent at 120℃.The drop effect of pour point and viscosity of A,B,C and D for the sample to Daqing crude oil was investigated.The study was tested by adding the pour point depressants A,B,C,D to high pour point crude oil of Daqing at a dosage of 0.5%,respectively.The results suggest that the pour point depressants of C D are more effective than A B, meanwhile,the combination C+D is more effective than C and D.After adding C+D in mass ratio 3:1 to Daqing crude oil, its pour point is lowered by 15 C and viscosity could be reduced by 58.38%.


Scoliosis is defined as a heterogeneous group of conditions consisting in changes in the shape and position of the spine and trunk. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common form of scoliosis, being present in approximately 2% of Japanese adolescents, with higher incidence in females [1,2]. Scoliosis is diagnosed as lateral curvature of the spine greater than 10o as measured by the Cobb method on a standing radiograph [3]. The decision to treat such patients is conventionally based on the degree of the curvature. Depending on the individual case, Cobb angle of 20 to 40o is a mild AIS and should be treated conservatively, such as bracing and/or physical therapy. However, surgery is usually recommended for severe cases of AIS (Cobb angle of >40o) [4,5]. Objectives: Previous studies reported that the paraspinal muscles of adolescents with severe idiopathic scoliosis scheduled for surgery contain higher proportion of type I fibers on the convex side. However, the muscle properties are unknown in mild adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences among the convex, concave and control sides of the paraspinal muscles in patients with mild AIS and healthy individuals and to help in the treatment of mild AIS patients. Abstract


In a previous paper, the quantum number k (defined to be n + l) was considered as an energy-ordering quantum number for the excited states of the alkali-metal atoms and the singly ionized alkaline-earth atoms. It was shown that the energy levels of the valence electron in these cases of a single electron outside a core of closed shells are energy ordered according to the values of k and, moreover, within each k group, there is a definite constant sequence of l values for each atom or ion as the electronic energy is increased; this sequence has been called the ''l pattern.'' In the present work, these considerations are extended to 33 additional spectra of atoms and their isoelectronic ions, which possess a single (n/sub 0/s or n/sub 0/p) electron or two electrons ((n/sub 0/s)/sup 2/) outside of closed shells in their ground states. An additional 852 energy levels are investigated which exhibit k ordering with very few exceptions. In addition, these spectra possess constant l patterns, which are generally independent of k. Thus the statistics in favor of the k ordering and the l patterns now comprise a total of 1155 levels (including the 303 levels previously investigated). Alsomore » discussed are the regions of validity of k ordering and hydrogenic ordering as a function of the atomic number Z and the degree of ionization Z - N.« less


This booklet contains the materials necessary to collect subjective workload assessments with the NASA Task Load Index. This procedure for collecting workload ratings was developed by the Human Performance Group at NASA Ames Research Center during a three year research effort that involved more than 40 laboratory. simulation. and inflight experiments. Although the technique is still undergoing evaluation. this booklet is being distributed to allow other researchers to use it in their own experiments. Comments or suggestions about the procedure would be greatly appreciated. This package is intended to fill a "nuts and bolts" function of describing the procedure. A bibliography provides background information about previous empirical findings and the logic that supports the procedure.


Metabolic derangement is a pathologic feature of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).1 Metabolic abnormalities such as aerobic glycolysis and impaired fatty acid oxidation are consistently observed across different animal models of PAH. Importantly, altered metabolism in human PAH and experimental models is not restricted to the pulmonary vasculature, raising the possibility that PAH is a systemic metabolic disease.2 For example, lipid accumulation is present in the myocardium and skeletal muscle of humans with PAH and the right ventricle exhibits increased glucose uptake compared with matched controls. As a result of these observations, targeting metabolic dysfunction has emerged as an important therapeutic approach for patients with PAH.3 This article will review key aspects of metabolism in PAH, existing metabolic data in humans, and will describe completed and ongoing clinical trials targeting metabolic dysfunction in patients with PAH.


. Abstract: This study evaluated the economic viability of investing in improved briquettes and charcoal production technologies among small-medium entrepreneurs. Specifically, the study estimated the cost of briquette and charcoal production using improved production technologies and determined the feasibility of the projects using specific economic indicators. The cost of production comprised of fixed, operations and maintenance costs estimated from the current market prices and based on different assumptions. Economic analysis revealed that unit costs of briquette production using drum agglomerator and screw press technologies were KES.10.6 and KES. 17.83 per kg respectively, while production costs for charcoal were KES.27.79 and KES. 35.60 per kg when using vertical and horizontal drum kilns at a proposed selling price of KES. 40 and KES. 50 per kg respectively. The study recorded positive net present values for briquette and charcoal production using all the technologies. The highest net present value was recorded from drum agglomerator and vertical drum kiln technologies for briquettes and charcoal production respectively. Study findings reveal that production of briquettes and charcoal using the improved technologies is economically viable. The study gives a new direction to energy policy which could spur more interest among entrepreneurs willing to invest in the bioenergy sector.


In every-day listening the auditory event perceived by a listener is determined not only by the sound signal that a sound emits but also by a variety of environmental parameters. These parameters are the position, orientation and directional characteristics of the sound source, the listener's position and orientation, the geometrical and acoustical properties of surfaces which affect the sound field and the sound propagation properties of the surrounding fluid. A complete set of these parameters can be called an Acoustic Environment. If the auditory event perceived by a listener is manipulated in such a way that the listener is shifted acoustically into a different acoustic environment without moving himself physically, a Virtual Acoustic Environment has been created. Here, we deal with a special technique to set up nearly arbitrary Virtual Acoustic Environments, the Binaural Room Simulation. The purpose of the Binaural Room Simulation is to compute the binaural impulse response related to a virtual acoustic environment taking into account all parameters mentioned above. One possible way to describe a Virtual Acoustic Environment is the concept of the virtual sound sources. Each of the virtual sources emits a certain signal which is correlated but not necessarily identical with the signal emitted by the direct sound source. If source and receiver are non moving, the acoustic environment becomes a linear time-invariant system. Then, the Binaural Impulse Response from the source to a listener' s eardrums contains all relevant auditory information related to the Virtual Acoustic Environment. Listening into the simulated environment can easily be achieved by convolving the Binaural Impulse Response with dry signals and representing the results via headphones.


Studies of translocation between mistletoes and their host trees were conducted under
 natural conditions in various California locations. Both dwarf (Arceuthobium spp.) and green (Phoradendron spp.) mistletoes were studied. Various labeled materials were used, including C14O2, several G14-labeled herbicides, and P32 and S35 (as phosphate and sulfate, respectively).
 The C14-labeled assimilates and the P32 translocated from host foliage into dwarf mistletoes growing on the host branches,
 but no such movement occurred from host branches to the mistletoes. When P32O4 was applied to the wood of the host branches, beneath the infections, P32 appeared in both dwarf and green mistletoes. This type of application apparently
 was a highly effective means of introducing the labeled phosphate.
 Labeled substances applied to the shoots of dwarf mistletoes normally moved apically.
 In a few instances, P32 was found to move basally into the endophytic system and host branch. This movement
 was not through living tissues, however, because it was not blocked by killing the
 basal parts of the mistletoe shoots with steam.
 Translocation in green mistletoes differed from that in dwarf mistletoes. In the green
 species, labeled assimilates and P32 were transported basipetally into the endophytic systems. However, label did not
 move from the green mistletoes into the host branches.


Introduction: Fishermen work in an unfavorable working environment, which faces many disadvantages such as inclement weather conditions, prolonged working time with hard labor and are effected by adverse environmental factors, in which noise is the most common agent but there are very few studies on the effects of noise to fishermen's health especially on blood pressure. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 159 fishermen who were working in 14 offshore ships, a sound level meter was used for noise measurement and the noise exposures were calculated based on the average working time in 8 hours. Questionnaires were used for interviewing, blood pressure was measured by trained local doctors. Result: It was found that 71.1% fishermen were expose to the working noise which is over 85 dBA for 8 working hours a day. The highest average sound level was recorded in the engine room (min-max: 91.896.2), follow by driving cabin (min-max: 83.1-92.2). Blood pressure measurements showed a result of 28.9% hypertensive fishermen. There was not statistically significant between hypertension and exposure to noise. Conclusions: It can be concluded that almost three quarters of the fishermen exposed to noise in the working environment exceeds 85 dBA for 8 hours. Futher studies are required to provide comprehensive approach between noise and hypertension.
How to cite this article:
Nhan Nguyen, Duong D Le, Man DM Nguyen, Ha PA Nguyen, Bao VA Ha, Huan M Tran et al. Noise Exposure and its Relationship with Hypertension among Fishermen in Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam. J Integ Comm Health 2020; 9(1): 3-16.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2319.9113.202001


Introduction: To describe the epidemiology and characteristics of emergency department (ED) visits by older adults for motor vehicle collisions (MVC) in the United States (U.S.). Methods: We analyzed ED visits for MVCs using data from the 2003–2007 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS). Using U.S. Census data, we calculated annual incidence rates of driver or passenger MVC-related ED visits and examined visit characteristics, including triage acuity, tests performed and hospital admission or discharge. We compared older (65+ years) and younger (18–64 years) MVC patients and calculated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to measure the strength of associations between age group and various visit characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of admissions for MVC-related injuries among older adults. Results: From 2003–2007, there were an average of 237,000 annual ED visits by older adults for MVCs. The annual ED visit rate for MVCs was 6.4 (95% CI 4.6–8.3) visits per 1,000 for older adults and 16.4 (95% CI 14.0–18.8) visits per 1,000 for younger adults. Compared to younger MVC patients, after adjustment for gender, race and ethnicity, older MVC patients were more likely to have at least one imaging study performed (OR 3.69, 95% CI 1.46–9.36). Older MVC patients were not significantly more likely to arrive by ambulance (OR 1.47; 95% CI 0.76–2.86), have a high triage acuity (OR 1.56; 95% CI 0.77–3.14), or to have a diagnosis of a head, spinal cord or torso injury (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.42–2.23) as compared to younger MVC patients after adjustment for gender, race and ethnicity. Overall, 14.5% (95% CI 9.8–19.2) of older MVC patients and 6.1% (95% CI 4.8–7.5) of younger MVC patients were admitted to the hospital. There was also a non-statistically significant trend toward hospital admission for older versus younger MVC patients (OR 1.78; 95% CI 0.71–4.43), and admission to the ICU if hospitalized (OR 6.9, 95% CI 0.9–51.9), after adjustment for gender, race, ethnicity, and injury acuity. Markers of injury acuity studied included EMS arrival, high triage acuity category, ED imaging, and diagnosis of a head, spinal cord or internal injury. Conclusion: Although ED visits after MVC for older adults are less common per capita, older adults are more commonly admitted to the hospital and ICU. Older MVC victims require significant ED resources in terms of diagnostic imaging as compared to younger MVC patients. As the U.S. population ages, and as older adults continue to drive, EDs will have to allocate appropriate resources and develop diagnostic and treatment protocols to care for the increased volume of older adult MVC victims.


Displacement of phenytoin (90% bound to albumin) by other strongly albumin‐bound drugs such as salicylate and valproic acid may result in an increase in pharmacologically active free concentrations. The antibiotic oxacillin is also strongly bound to albumin and is often administered to patients receiving phenytoin. Oxacillin at a concentration of 15 μg/ml caused no significant displacement of phenytoin in a serum pool prepared from patients receiving phenytoin. However, a significant increase in the free phenytoin concentration was seen at an oxacillin concentration of 50 μg/ml. We also prepared a serum pool from uremic patients and another from patients with hypoalbuminemia and supplemented both of them with phenytoin. Significant increases in the free phenytoin concentration occurred with both 15‐ and 50‐μg/ml concentrations of oxacillin. In one hypoalbuminemic patient receiving both phenytoin and intravenous high‐dose oxacillin, the free phenytoin fraction was 22.5% before oxacillin therapy, 24.1% 12 hours after first dose of oxacillin, and 27.2% after 60 hours, indicating the possibility of in vivo displacement of phenytoin by oxacillin. We conclude that the phenytoin‐oxacillin interaction is not significant at lower dosages of oxacillin usually prescribed for oral therapy. However, the interaction may be significant at high concentrations of oxacillin, especially in patients with hypoalbuminemia or uremia.


In this paper, the general spectral results of operator valued functions in particular holomorphic operator valued functions and operator polynomials are studied. Further the completeness results of quadratic operator polynomials are presented.


A 16-year-old boy presented with multiple flesh-colored papules and dermal nodules on his eyelids, lips, and tongue (Panels A, B, and C, respectively). Six years earlier, his mother had received a diagnosis of metastatic medullary thyroid cancer, at the age of 38 years. At that time, both of her sons were found to have markedly elevated serum calcitonin levels but no biochemical evidence of pheochromocytoma. Both boys subsequently underwent total thyroidectomy. On pathological examination, a medullary thyroid tumor measuring 0.5 cm by 0.5 cm had been discovered in the thyroid gland of this patient. This clinical history is suggestive of . . .


Study Design: This is a retrospective cohort study. Objective: This study's objective was to determine whether perioperative invasive vascular catheter placement, independent of comorbid conditions, modified the risk of postoperative infection in lumbar spine surgery. Summary of Background Data: Infection is a risk inherent to lumbar spine surgery, with overall postoperative infection rates of 0.86%–8.5%. Patients experiencing postoperative infection have higher rates of mortality, revision surgeries, pseudarthrosis, and worsening pain and disability. Methods: Data were collected for patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery between January 2007 and October 2015 with records in the nationwide Humana private insurance database. Patients receiving fusion, laminectomy, and discectomy were followed for 3 months from the date of surgery for surgical site infection (SSI), 6 months for subsequent incision and drainage (I&D), and 1 year for vertebral osteomyelitis (VO). Risk factors investigated included central venous catheter and arterial-line placement. Results: Analysis of 114,259 patient records showed an overall SSI rate of 3.2% within 1 month and 4.5% within 3 months, overall vertebral osteomyelitis rate of 0.82%–0.83% within 1 year, and overall I&D rate of 2.8% within 6 months. Patients receiving a first-time invasive vascular catheter on the day of surgery were more likely to experience SSI within 1 month [risk ratios (RR), 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.3–2.7], SSI within 3 months (RR, 2.4; 95% CI: 2.3–2.7), osteomyelitis within 1 year (RR, 4.2–4.3; 95% CI: 3.7–4.5), and undergo an I&D within 6 months (RR, 1.9; 95% CI: 1.8–2.0). These trends were consistent by procedure type and independent of the patient's weighted comorbidity index score (Charlson Comorbidity Index). Conclusions: Perioperative invasive vascular catheterization was significantly associated with an increased the risk of postoperative infections in lumbar spine surgery, independent of a patient's concomitant comorbidities. Therefore, in patients with an indication for invasive catheterization, surgeons should consider risks and benefits of surgery carefully. Level of Evidence: Level III.


Virtual Dimensionality (VD) estimation is a key problem in feature/band selection and spectral mixture analysis of hyperspectral images. In this paper, a Double Subspace Projection (DSubP) based VD estimation algorithm is proposed. The pixel representation and image representation of a hyperspectral image are utilized to generate two subspaces according to the principal component analysis (PCA), respectively. When the dimensionality of these two subspaces exceeds VD of the hyperspectral image, both subspace projections show the same reconstruction performance. Therefore, VD can be estimated by judging the difference of reconstruction performance between DSubP. Both synthetic and real hyperspectral experiments demonstrate that the performance of the proposed DSubP based VD estimation algorithm outperforms that of the HFC and NWHFC based VD estimation algorithms.


A stack of nuclear emulsions was irradiated by 400 Gev/c protons at FNAL. In this work a search for the short-lived particles has been carried out by a new method that allowed to detect secondary events (including the narrow ones) on short distances from the parent star. By measuring angles, momenta and ionizations of the secondary particles they could identify electrons and distinguish them from hadrons. In search for the decays of charged of particles on n{sub s} {ge} 3 charged relativistic particles or of neutral ones on two or four charged particles the environments of the 1120 stars has been looked through up to 1 mm from the center of parent star inside of cone 0{sub L} {le} 4{sup o}. By this method 21 secondary events of the type O + O + n{sub s} have been selected. After excluding background due to the nuclear and electro-magnetic interactions 9 events remained (from which 4 of the type O + O + 2n, 2 of the type O + O + 3p and 4 of the type O + O + 4n). They consider them as decays of the new short-lived particles. All these 9 events are characterized by jetmore » like structure (O{sub L} {le} 10{sup -2} rad). At least in one of these events there is an electron, that is the particle suffered a semileptonic decay. Estimation of the masses of the decaying particles in most cases agree with the mass of the charmed barions. Mean life time estimated on the basis of 9 events is about 2,0.10{sup -14} sec. The rate of the production of the new short-lived particles is the following: neutral particles 6.10{sup -3} per star and charged ones -2.10{sup -3} per star in pA-interactions at 400 Gev/c. The total cross section for production of these particles is {approx} 100 {micro} bn. Detection of the charmed particles produced in association with the found ones needs further investigation.« less


This paper deals with the problem of the electromagnetic scattering from a sea fractal surface. The paper demonstrates that the sea-scattered signal retains some fractal characteristic of the sea surface. In detail, we analyze the signal scattered from a sea surface modeled by the one-dimensional (1-D) sea-surface fractal profile proposed by Berizzi, Mese, Pinelli and Andreoli (see Inst. Electr. Eng. Proc. Radar Sonar, Navigat., vol.146, p.55-66, 1999). The results show the graphs of the in-phase and quadrature components of the received signal are fractal curves with box-counting fractal dimension equal to the one of the sea profile. These results are validated by presenting and discussing some numerical examples.


Correction for 'Effects of reagent rotation on interferences in the product angular distributions of chemical reactions' by P. G. Jambrina et al., Chem. Sci., 2016, 7, 642–649.


This study is designed to determine the relationship between self-esteem of pre-school teacher candidates and their liking of children. The study group of this study is composed of 339 pre-school teacher candidates studying at early childhood education departments of Mevlana, Necmettin Erbakan and Selcuk Universities located in Konya. In this study, in order to measure the self-esteem of pre-school teacher candidates, ''Coopersmith Self-Esteem Scale'' developed by Coopersmith in 1967 and to measure love of children, ''Barnett Liking of Children Scale'' developed by Barnett and Sinisi in 1990 were used. Questionnaire results were analyzed by SPSS/WINDOWS 16.0 statistical toolbox. Based on the analysis results, gender and class have a positive effect on self-esteem and liking of children. In addition, a mid-level positive correlation is determined between self-esteem and liking of children


Atmospheric parameters show both systematic and random patterns of behavior at 120 km altitude. Variations in density, temperature, pressure, and especially atomic oxygen concentration are important. The variations are particularly significant because constant boundary conditions at this altitude have commonly been assumed in atmospheric model making. It is surprising how well the assumption of constant boundary conditions has served over the past decade. However, their use has probably introduced erroneous concepts into the field of atmospheric structure, or at least held off the recognition and introduction of important new concepts. The variations at 120 km are caused by changes in energy input into the upper atmosphere, including internal gravity waves and tidal energy from below, and changes in the transport processes within the atmosphere.


The present invention relates to compound of general formula (I) wherein: X = S, SO or SO, and; one of R and R represents a hydrogen atom and the other a radical: • linear or branched C -C optionally substituted by one or more atom (s) halogen, • linear or branched alkenyl in C -C particularly alkyl, optionally substituted by one or more atom (s) halogen, • alkylaryl, especially benzyl, optionally substituted, or • COR or CONHR, but not simultaneously, in which R represents a radical:> alkyl linear or branched C -C optionally substituted by one or more atom (s) halogen,> linear alkenyl or branched C -C in particular allyl, optionally substituted by one or more atom (s) halogen,> a aralkyl, in particular benzyl, optionally substituted, or> an aryl radical, optionally substituted phenyl pardculier.


The invention provides a special eight-treasure rice pudding for diabetics and a manufacturing method thereof. The eight-treasure rice pudding is prepared from white mulberry root barks, Chinese wolfberry fruits, raw rehmannia root, aguaturma, konjac powder, mung beans, red phaseolus beans, glutinous rice and Chinese dates as raw materials through processing. Compared with the prior art, the eight-treasure rice pudding provided by the invention has the effects of reducing blood sugar, blood fat and cholesterol, is applicable to diabetics to eat, has good taste and is convenient to carry.


The world will always hate those marked with the seal of the living God. The reason is that those who belong to Christ are radically different; the fundamental orientation of their lives is different, their thinking is different because their hearts are different, and the Beatitudes in today's gospel are the basic contours of the heart of one who is a new creation in Christ, marked with his seal.


For a long time past,the impact of earthquake load on tunnel structure is considered unimportant because in all previous earthquake disasters,the damage of tunnels was less and the degree was lower than surface buildings.Therefore the seismic design of tunnel has not been paid enough attention to,and the level of seismic research is relatively backward.


Background: Soft drinks are an attractive and popular drink, consumed by many people to fulfill their energy. However, soft drink consumption is an important risk factor for non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between socioeconomic factors and soft drink consumption among adults in Cambodia.  Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study with multi-stage random sampling was used to select 749 respondents from 12 communes across 5 districts in Phnom Penh, the capital city of Cambodia. A structured questionnaire was used to assess socioeconomic factors and soft drink consumption. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression. Crude odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confident intervals (CI) were calculated to show the strength of associations. Results: The overall prevalence of soft drink consumption was 44.73% (95%CI: 41.16-48.30%) across the sample population. The final model of multiple logistic regression showed only four factors to be significantly associated with soft drink consumption: gender, age, family size and income. Respondents most likely to consume soft drinks were men (AOR: 1.49, 95%CI: 1.10-2.00; p=0.009), those aged 31-59 years (AOR: 1.93, 95%CI: 1.98-4.62; p<0.001), those in a household of less than 5 individuals (AOR: 1.38, 95%CI: 1.44-3.19; p=0.036), and those earning <300$/month (AOR: 1.59, 95%CI: 1.10-2.31; p=0.003). Conclusion: The prevalence of soft drink consumption in Cambodia is a major concern for public health. The predictive factors significantly associated with soft drink consumption identified by this study were gender, age, household size and income. Therefore, all stakeholders should contribute to social marketing and intervention focusing on reducing the consumption of soft drinks through advertising on social media, television and other popular media platforms. Furthermore, additional taxation of soft drinks should be considered.


The Government of Taiwan has imposed a tobacco health tax of NT$5 (US$0.14) per pack of cigarettes since January 2002. The Department of Health has now begun to fund a smoking cessation program that provides nicotine-replacement therapy (NRT) and brief counseling by physicians in outpatient clinics. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the 1 Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, and Shu-Zen College of Medicine and Management, Taiwan 2 Department of Nursing, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan 3 Graduate Institute of Oral Health Science and Biostatistic Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan Corresponding Author: Chih-Ling Huang, Department of Nursing, Chang Jung Christian University, 396 Sec. 1, Chang Jung Road, Kway Jen, Tainan 71101, Taiwan. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Evaluation & the Health Professions 33(1) 12-25 a SAGE Publications 2010 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0163278709356185 http://ehp.sagepub.com


In this paper, a method for separating stereophonic mixtures into their harmonic constituents is proposed. The method is based on a harmonic signal model. An observed mixture is decomposed by first estimating the panning parameters of the sources, and then estimating the fundamental frequencies and the amplitudes of the harmonic components. The number of sources and their panning parameters are estimated using an approach based on clustering of narrowband interaural level and time differences. The panning parameter distribution is modelled as a Gaussian mixture and the generalized variance is used for selecting the number of sources. The fundamental frequencies of the sources are estimated using an iterative approach. To enforce spectral smoothness when estimating the fundamental frequencies, a codebook of magnitude amplitudes is used to limit the amount of energy assigned to each harmonic. The source models are used to form Wiener filters which are used to reconstruct the sources. The proposed method can be used for source re-panning (demonstration given), remixing, and multi-channel upmixing, e.g. for hi-fi systems with multiple loudspeakers.


The aim of this investigation was to determine the effect of various water activities (a w ) on fungal population in nutmeg kernels during storage. The seed nutmegs were obtained from ripe fruits one week after they fell on the ground in North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The kernels (moisture content ± 10%) were stored 0, 15, and 30 days in various a w (0.75, 0.80, 0.83, 0.90, 0.97) using saturated salt solutions at 29 °C in sorption containers. Serial dilution method followed by a pour-plate method in Dichloran 18% Glycerol Agar (DG18) was used to isolate and quantify the fungal population. Results revealed that kernels stored at a w = 0.75 was not significantly ( p < 0.05) different from at a w = 0.80-0.83. Fungal population of kernels determined  a w and significantly ( p < 0.05) influenced by duration of storage. Range of a w 0.80-0.83 has a smaller total fungal population than a w ≥ 0.90. Thirteen different genera/species were isolated and identified including Aspergillus and Eurotium (6 species), Penicillium (3 species), Fusarium (2 species), 1 species each of Cladosporium or Syncephalastrum, and isolate A. The largest total fungal population (5.0×10 5 CFU g -1 ) was present at the beginning of storage (a w = 0.97) and it was dominated by Penicillium citrinum (2.6×10 5 CFU g -1 ) followed by Cladosporium cladosporioides (1.7×10 5 CFU g -1 ). After 30 days of storage (a w = 0.97) the population of P. citrinum was still dominant with a population of 2.4×10 4 CFU g -1 . Eurotium chevalieri followed with a population of 1.2×10 4 CFU g -1 .


The author criticizes the conception that the majority of rural-urban migrants in developing countries are likely to settle in low-income neighborhoods immediatley on their arrival in the city. Data from the Philippines are used to show that "migrants are neither heavily segregated in certain districts of the city nor particularly likely to settle in a slum community with these findings persisting even when the sample was restricted to lower-status rural-urban migrants. These patterns are chiefly attributable to heavy rates of inmigration among young married persons (especially females) many of whom reside in nonslum neighborhoods as servants lodgers or extended relatives." (EXCERPT)


Introduction:
 Despite successful transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), low flow rate (FR) severe aortic stenosis (AS) patients reportedly experienced poorer clinical outcomes than normal FR AS patients. Left ventricular (LV) diastolic function influences stroke volume, though limited data on TAVR outcomes in patients with severe LV diastolic dysfunction is available.

 Hypothesis:
 AS patients with severe LV diastolic dysfunction may develop adverse cardiac events, such as heart failure, even after TAVR.

 Methods:
 Consecutive patients with severe AS and preserved LV ejection fraction (> 50%) who underwent hemodynamic assessment of LV function using cardiac catheterization before TAVR were enrolled. The average slope of the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship was calculated to determine LV diastolic stiffness. Adverse cardiac events were defined as cardiac death or heart failure hospitalization. High LV stiffness (> 190 mmHg/L) patients were compared to normal LV stiffness patients.

 Results:
 Of the 78 patients (age 83.2 ± 5.1 years; 21 men), 30 (38.5%) were classified to the high LV stiffness group. Low FR (< 200 mL/s) severe AS was more likely in patients with high LV stiffness than in those with normal LV stiffness (66.7% vs 33.3%,
 P
 = 0.004). Adverse cardiac events increased in the high LV stiffness group (Figure, Log rank
 P
 = 0.054). Cox regression analysis revealed that LV stiffness was associated with increased adverse cardiac events, after adjusting for age, sex, aortic valve area, and renal function (HR, 1.008; 95%CI, 1.001-1.014;
 P
 = 0.026).

 Conclusion:
 Increased LV stiffness derived from cardiac catheterization was related to low FR and was also associated with poor clinical outcomes after TAVR.


Based on rough graph theory, this paper gives a new algorithm in rough network, which generalizes the classical algorithm of exploring maximum flow. This algorithm successfully deals with a kind of complex relationship mining problem between different relationship levels. Simulation shows the effectiveness of this algorithm.


In tandem with the expanding obesity pandemic, the prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is predicted to rise globally, creating a significant need for therapeutic agents to treat the disease. In this study, we aim to examine the hepatoprotective effect of curcumin and elucidate the mechanism by which curcumin ameliorates NASH and prevents tumorigenesis. A preclinical murine model that recapitulates human NASH-HCC in which mice were exposed to a very low dose of carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 - 0.2 µl/g) once per week with administration of chow diet and normal water (CDNW) or high-fat western diet and ad lib sugar water (WDSW) was used. Compared to mice on WDSW/CCl 4 and vehicle controls, mice receiving WDSW/CCl 4 and curcumin showed significant reductions in liver enzymes and dyslipidemia and ameliorated steatosis, lobular inflammation, and hepatocellular ballooning in WDSW/CCl 4 mice. In addition, curcumin treatment markedly reduced the hepatic expression of inflammatory markers, fibrogenic genes, and oncogenic markers. Interestingly, curcumin inhibited apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor (AATF), an oncogene overexpressed in NASH-HCC. Furthermore, the anti-tumor effects of curcumin via AATF were validated using human HCC cells. Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) was significantly upregulated by curcumin in NASH liver and HCC cells. Curcumin treatment effectively inhibited the progression of NASH to HCC by downregulating the expression of AATF via the KLF4-Sp1 (specificity protein-1) signaling pathway. Herein, we report the novel molecular link between curcumin and AATF in reducing hepatocarcinogenesis, and these preclinical data provide a strong rationale for developing curcumin for the treatment of NASH-HCC in humans.


In this second guest-lecture at the TU in Delft the point of focus was the technical aspects of wind turbines and extracting energy from wind.


INTRODUCTIONYouth are 'at-risk' for many things in today's culture, and the term 'at-risk youth' is a common one. Educators define the term as referring to those young people who are at-risk for dropping out of school (Druian & Butler, 1987]. Mental Health professionals focus on depression, suicide and drug addiction as the areas that many youth face as serious risks (Dr. Lois M. Colle, Lecture, 2004, McGiIl University]. Often, dropping out of school is linked to an increase in risk for health issues, and vice versa, thus compounding the number of areas for which these youth are at-risk (Frudenberg & Ruglis, 2007).Effective Schooling PracticesFor over 20 years, educators have identified experiential learning as successful with at-risk youth. Wehlage (1983) found that alienation from the school, daily reinforced by teachers and administrators, is one of the most important threats to the retention of at-risk youth. He also found that the most important curricular characteristic of effective programs for at-risk students is the experiential curriculum. "We believe there is sufficient evidence about the effects of experiential education to argue for it as an essential component of and program for marginal students" (p. 38).Wehlage (1983) outlined the criteria for experiential education:* Should offer "optimal challenge with manageable conflict"* Should provide a young person an opportunity to exercise initiative and responsibility* Should provide the young person with a task that has integrity (i.e., is not "make-work") and thus reinforces the person's sense of dignity* Should provide the young person with a "sense of competence and success"* Must engage the student in reflection about his/her experiences (p. 40)The Drum Circle model implemented in this study addresses each of these criteria. It is a model of hands-on learning-by-doing that immediately and easily engages students in a group learning process that is expressive musically, that teaches basic drumming skills, that encourages initiativetaking and leadership skills, and that provides successful experiences for every group member that are acknowledged and encouraged. Students are challenged to learn and to grow as individuals within a supportive environment. Reflection upon their experiences is an important part of the process.The Drum Circle ModelMusic therapists have been working with group drumming and percussion since the inception of music therapy. Generally speaking, music therapists are good facilitators of rhythm-based interventions, and understand their therapeutic benefits. Music Therapists are trained in how to integrate rhythm and drumming into approaches that generally combine the use of other instruments, such as piano, guitar, xylophones and other melody and percussive instruments. Singing is often done accompanied by percussion instruments and rhythm. While these approaches can utilize a great deal of rhythmic expression, they are quite distinct from the drum circle model.This model had its inception in a movement that began to sweep North America in the early 1990s. The 'drum circle' movement has its roots in indigenous cultures such as West Africa, in which drumming in community with others has been widely and pervasively practiced for millennia. The drum circle movement is a cultural and social phenomenon whose inception in North America can be traced to a West African drummer named Olatunji (J. Rudell, personal communication, October 20, 2005). Olatunji came to the U.S. in the 1960s, and began in the 1980s to inspire large groups of people to drum together. Most typically, a drum circle consists of a group of people who are all playing either a drum or a smaller percussion instrument. The most common drum used is a West African djembe drum. These drums are preferred because they are easy to play, carrying a large drumhead, and make a big, resonant sound. …


Owing to recent advances in paediatric cardiology and surgery almost 90% of children born with congenital heart disease will now survive to adulthood. Approximately half of these patients are female. In midwifery we are seeing a new population of pregnant women who have complex heart disease. Many of these young women will have had some form of intervention or surgery previously to treat their heart disease and some are left with significant residual haemodynamic problems. However, these women can have a safe pregnancy with good outcomes for both mother and baby if they are given access to specialist care and a multidisciplinary team approach is taken to their management.


With the development of the industrialisation, the increasing energy demand and the question of what needs to be done to supply this demand is on the top of the agenda of all developed and developing countries. The limited conventional energy sources, with its negative impact on the environment and the adversity and cost of supply, have led the countries to renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, hydropower and geothermal energy. Southeastern Anatolia Region is one of the poorest regions of Turkey in terms of social and economic development. It is the second least developed region of the country following the Eastern Anatolia Region in the SocioEconomic Development Ranking Survey of Provinces and Regions conducted in 2011 by the General Directorate of Regional Development and Structural Adjustment of the Ministry of Development. The economic activities in the region are predominantly based on agriculture and trade. Industrialisation that can generate high added value is low. There is concentration (?) in low added value products in the manufacturing industry because the region is inadequate in the industrial sector which is the most important economic activity in development. It is clear that the region is rich in terms of natural resources (in the research conducted). The region has substantial potential for renewable energy in the solar, hydraulic and agricultural waste areas. The potential energy of the region has not been used efficiently so far. The widespread use of renewable energy resources in the region is of great importance for the development, improvement and competitiveness with other regions particularly in the industrial sector. In this study, the renewable energy resources of the Southeastern Anatolia Region have been studied and the solar energy map of the region has been evaluated. According to this, it has been concluded that the Southeastern Anatolia Region has a great potential in terms of solar energy and the Vol 1, Number 1, 2016 Middle East Journal of Technic


In this paper a general purpose sorting algorithm is produced which is suitable for execution on a parallel computer. The algorithm which is based on Quicksort does not require a fixed number of processors but may theoretically use as many processors as are available. The analysis of the algorithm reveals that there is a maximum number of processors that can be used for a particular size of set Sn


In order to find out the indoor thermal environment conditions in rural residences in Sichuan Basin and to provide a foundation for rural residence energy-saving and sustainable development design,the field measurements on outdoor and indoor air temperatures in seven typical rural residences in Sichuan Basin in winter were carried out,and the indoor thermal environment of new and existing rural residences after earthquake was evaluated by using thermal comfort evaluation method of natural ventilation buildings(ASHRAE standard 55-2004).The measurement results indicated that the indoor air temperature in rural residences in Sichuan Basin in winter was relatively lower,which could even not reach to 80% of the acceptable lower limit value.The indoor thermal environment of the typical Linpan in western Sichuan in winter was a litter better than other types of rural residences.


The article combine the concrete examples and introduce the applications of the mathematica software in the solving mathematical modeling, thereby enhance the abilities which the students use the calculating system of mathematica to solve the practical problems.


In order to investigate the affect of self-ion bombardment on the aqueous corrosion behavior of zirconium, the specimens were implanted by zirconium ions with a fluence range from 1×1015 to 2×1017 ions/cm2 at about 170 ℃, using a MEVVA source at an extractation voltage of 50 kV. The valence of the surface layer was analyzed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS); the thickness of the oxide film was measured by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Three-sweep poten-tiodynamic polarization measurement was used to value the aqueous corrosion resistance of implanted zirconium in 1 mol/L H2SO4 solution. Glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD) was employed to determine the phase transformation due to the self-ion implantation in the oxide films. It was found that the aqueous corrosion resistance of zirconium implanted with 5×1016 Zr ions/cm2 is the best in all the samples. Finally, the mechanism of the corrosion behavior of the self-ion implanted zirconium is discussed.


Programming parallelism with shared memory raises some technical difficulties in synchronization and accessing memory in a thread-safe way. Most of the time the result is a trade-off between application's source code understandability, maintainability and error-prone on one side, and performance on the other side. This trade-off is even tighter when using low-level languages such as C++. The paper presents an open-source library for C++ that provides a Sequential Communicating Processes method for communication and synchronization, and overall, aims to simplify the shared memory parallelism development, make it more predictable and less error-prone, without sacrificing performance. The efficiency of the solution is proven through a set of concrete examples and benchmarks.


There have been two attempts in the history of human speculation to estimate the number of particles in the universe. The first was that of Archimedes of Syracuse about 216 B. C., and the second that of Sir Arthur Eddington nearly two thousand years later. What is surprising is that they both arrive at the same number. This is the number obtained by multiplying ten by itself seventy-nine times.


Utilizing radical chemistry, a new general C-C bond formation on the furoxan ring was developed. By taking advantage of the lability of furoxans, a wide variety of transformation of the synthesized furoxans have been demonstrated. Thus, this developed methodology enabled not only the modular synthesis of furoxans but also short-step transformations of carboxylic acids to a broad range of functional groups.


Through a text analysis of Edith Stein's biography and work, we tried to draw those aspects of her personality that coincide with nursing values.


The main thesis of the following paper is that, in a highly organized society, the discrepancies between the general intelligence of the children and the occupational class into which they are born is bound to produce a large and fairly constant amount of 'basic mobility', quite apart from any deliberate changes in the political or educational structure of the society.


Are described for voltage stabilization, in which a voltage converter is supplied on the input side with a battery, and high current loads and the output side is connected to voltage-critical loads and with the electrical system voltage devices. The voltage converter is configured in a first embodiment so as to output side only provides additional voltage converter when a voltage applied to its input, which is less than a predetermined voltage. In addition, the voltage for the voltage-critical or voltage-sensitive consumer is yet stabilized by means of a PWM controller. In a second embodiment of the PWM controller is eliminated and the voltage converter is designed as a combined high- and low-converter.


India is endowed with a rich variety of mineral resources. The world's fourth-largest coal deposits are in India. The requirements of domestic use have driven commercial coal mining in India for a recent era from the beginning. The mining industry has several facets and involves intricate processes that are carried out underground, tunnels, caverns etc. Alongside this, there are a number of hazardous variables involved that have an impact on the health of miners. The mining sector follows a few simple steps to prevent accidents of all sorts. Yet, accidents are still happening in underground wells, caverns and mines because of surface warming, methane hydrate leaks, carbon dioxides etc. With the emerging recent technologies like IoT, wireless communication, the communication becomes easier and effective. The earlier the control room gets the update, the more damage can be reduced. In order to avoid the harsh accidents, the study propose a Smart helmet for mining safety and alerting system, which effectively monitors the mining environment and alerts the user in case of critical situation which includes pre-installed safety modules and smart sensors.A IOT based surveillance system is built within the helmet, and it exchanges data with all of the sensors and tracking device via Wi-Fi networks. In order to avoid any highly hazardous situations, the Smart Helmet Indicator takes the necessary safeguards and gives out a warning through a buzzer for the miner and through Cloud to the control room. The miner and the supervisor in the control room are both made aware of the situations by the devices in the helmet when they are encountered. The Pulse and SPO2 sensor monitors the health condition of that miner and in case of uneasiness of that miner it alerts the supervisor. In order to track the immediate location of miner, a tracking system is used which helps in tracking the location of the miner.


The techniques of assisted reproduction are increasingly varied and commonly offered in the market in consumer relations. These are procedures that involve risks (not all of which are known). This context includes, but is not limited to, the moral and ethical aspects related to choices that may approach or represent eugenics or controversies regarding the fate of surplus embryos. Those born with the aid of assisted reproduction techniques have personality rights and also deserve protection as a consumer. These contracts in which they are professional participants in the supply chain, consumers who buy the services and, in particular, the human beings born with the aid of this type of technology, constitute a complex situation that demands the use of a dialogue of the sources between consumer law, civil law and other rules related to the medical field, all to enable a fairer solution to the problems that may arise in such cases, including civil liability.


s with Programs 27(4):11. When you mention dinosaurs most people immediately have a mental image of a huge animal with a long neck and tail. This group of dinosaurs is known as the sauropods. Sauropods lived during the Jurassic and Cretaceous and are known from every continent except Antarctica. In North America our best records of this group come from the Jurassic Morrison Formation which is exposed in many of our western parks such as Dinosaur, Arches, Colorado, Glen Canyon, Hovenweep, and Curecanti to name a few. Many different types of sauropods have been found in the Morrison Formation but perhaps the best known is Brontosaurus, the thunder lizard. While sauropod bones are common, complete skeletons are rare since often dinosaur carcass were scavenged and the bones scattered before they were buried. Many of the dinosaurs found in the 1800's were based on single bones or rarely a partial skeleton, so the first paleontologists to study these animals often gave different names to the same animal based on different parts of the skeleton. Later, as more complete skeletons were found, it was often discovered that these different parts were from the same animal, in which case the earliest name given had priority and was the appropriate name to call the animal. This is what happened to Brontosaurus. While the name became very popular with the general public, continued research showed that the animal called Brontosaurus was the same as an animal that was described earlier as Apatosaurus or beautiful lizard. Since Apatosaurus has priority it is the appropriate name to use for the best known of the Jurassic sauropod dinosaurs. Fiorillo, A.R. and C.L. May. 1996. Preliminary report on the taphonomy and depositional setting of a new dinosaur locality in the Morrison Formation (Brushy Basin member) of Curecanti National Recreation Area, Colorado. Pp. 555-561 in M. Morales (ed.). The Continental Triassic. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin 60.


This paper introduces a synthesized control system combined repetitive control with PI control for medium-frequency inverters.Repetitive control is used to reduce steady-state voltage wave distortion,and PI control can improve the dynamic performance of the system when the loads change greatly,which is judged by a digital method of fast current de-tection.This control method is verified with a 400Hz and 5.5kW inverter based on a TMS320F240 DSP.The result proves that the proposed system can achieve good steady-state performance as well as dynamic performance.


We report on the experimental study of the angular dependent magnetoresistance (MR) of heavy metal/ferromagnetic insulator bilayer structures. Through altering the relative composition in heavy metal $\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{t}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}}\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{a}}_{1--\ensuremath{\delta}}$ alloy, we continuously tune its spin Hall angle from positive, crossing zero, and to negative and study its impact on the MR. Most notably, both spin Hall effect and MR disappear simultaneously in $\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{t}}_{0.32}\mathrm{T}{\mathrm{a}}_{0.68}$ (3 nm)/YIG when the effective spin Hall angle vanishes, evidencing the essential role of spin-orbit coupling in heavy metal for the MR. By introducing Fe impurities, we further identify that magnetic scattering is also essential to induce the MR in Pt/Fe-doped $\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ at large magnetic field, where the MR ratio increases monotonically with doping level.


Free convection flow of incompressible viscous fluid with dissipation in a rectangular cavity has been studied, a finite difference technique based on ADI scheme is adopted in the solution of the problem. The effect of dissipation parameter (e ), which usually appears as a term in the energy equation, has been taken into account.The results indicated that the effect of dissipation number ( 004 . 0 ∓ = e ) was very small which is accepted with the fact of neglecting the dissipation function in the energy equation of most convection problems.


In India, traditional learning approaches in universities follow passive learning and instruction‐based studies. The demand for evidence‐based instructional and interactive active learning processes increases with the advancement in technology. To improve the quality of teaching and student performance, Laureate International University network has taken a unique initiative by applying an iterative and evidence‐based active learning process in small groups at the University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun for the Postgraduate Certificate in Academic Practice program. In this study, active learning processes with digital devices (mobile devices) and digital technologies (modeling tools, simulation, and online resources), having virtual small‐to‐medium strength classrooms are integrated into various scenarios with different levels of education. This has been found to be useful in improving student performance during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The proposed process applies both traditional and active learning processes with the provision to use mobile devices for digital content. This process also involves teachers attending a Bootcamp, over a 2‐month period, consisting of four modules in which they learn about and use digital content that will then be applied in their courses. Results show that the active learning process is of great benefit to students over traditional learning, and it provides a 30% improvement in student's grades. Further, it is observed that long‐term learning average marks increase by 66.9% in two engineering subjects. The simulation‐based experimentations are conducted to engage students and faculty members in active learning and simulation learning processes. It shows that the proposed approach (active learning) improves students' learning abilities as compared to the traditional approach.


tigating how deictic forms (determiners, adverbs, and pronouns) can signal distance from, or belonging to, either Ireland or the host country. Chapter 6 takes a more variational perspective and discusses the influence of, for example, education and literacy on embedded inversion in interrogatives. Any reader still left with questions will find a concise summary of the chapters and their relevance for the discussion of orality in written texts in chapter 7. What clearly distinguishes this book from most scholarly works I have read is the innovative cross-disciplinary perspective, the rich reference to relevant literature in every chapter, and the illustrative use of examples, not only from the letters, but from poems, ballads, novels, paintings, or even modern commercial advertisements. The combination of different historical contexts, various theoretical andmethodological approaches, and the application of these in linguistic case studies makes this volume appealing to a broad audience—from student to professor, from social historian to historical (socio)linguist, or discourse analyst, to name just a few.


Objective: During hemodialysis treatment, plasma water removal induces hemodynamic change. Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) represents arterial stiffness of the aorta, femoral artery and tibial artery, and its feature is independency from blood pressure at measuring time. To clarify the role of arterial stiffness in the changes hemodynamics during hemodialysis, the changes of CAVI were studied. Design and Method: Subjects were 57 patients taking hemodialysis therapy. CAVI and blood pressure were measured just after the start, and just before the end of hemodialysis. Cardiac Index (CI, l/min/m2) was measured using electrical bio-impedance method (Aesculon). Results: CAVI unchanged in 21 patients (± <  0.5, 8.91 to 9.02, p = 0.62, stable CAVI group: ScG). CAVI increased in 30 patients (> 0.5, 9.03 to 10.96, p < 0.05, increased CAVI group: IcG). CAVI decreased in 6 patients (>-0.5, 9.58 to 8.37, p < 0.05, decreased CAVI group: DcG). Systolic blood pressures (sBP) changed in ScG, IcG and DcG from 137 to 115.8 mmHg, from 145.0 to 108.3 mmHg, from 143.8 to 98.2 mmHg, p < 0.05 in each. CI changed in ScG, IcG and DcG from 2.51 to 2.2 l/min/m2, 2.40 to 2.16 l/min/m2, 2.42 to 2.31 l/min/m2, respectively. In another words, according to the decreased CI, in ScG, sBP and CAVI changed at the least. In IcG, CI decreased at the middle, and sBP decreased at the middle, but CAVI enhanced at the most. In DcG, CI decreased at the least, but sBP decreased at the most and CAVI decreased at the most. Conclusions: The increased CAVI in IcG might be due to sympathetic nerve activation by water reduction, whereas the decreased CAVI in DcG might be due to parasympathetic nerve activation. Those result suggested that CAVI might be involved in the changes of hemodynamics during hemodialysis. The precise needs further studies.


purchased by a French private collector who placed the statue in a Parisian garden, where it endured two more decades of outdoor exposure to urban pollutants and acid rain. In December 2007, the piece was shipped to Sotheby's in New York to be sold at an auction of Greek and Roman antiquities.2 Looking beyond the superficial, curators and conservators from the Yale University Art Gallery discerned the figure's full potential as a fine example of Roman sculpture and arranged for its final journey to New Haven, Connecticut. There, the story would continue to unfold through scholarly research, scientific analysis, and a lengthy conservation treatment. The six-foot-tall marble statue of a woman is an early Roman portrait, possibly from the eastern Mediterranean, made in the first century b.c. or early first century a.d. The body type, the so-called pudicitia, was commonly used for female portrait statues at that time and was intended to express highly valued characteristics such as modesty, purity, and serenity. The complex drapery patterns on this example are particularly detailed and skillfully carved, with the thicker folds of the tunic visible beneath the thinner mantle that envelops the body (fig. 2). Elements such as the luxurious fringe on the mantle and the closed-toe shoes are individualizing features that mark the image as a portrait, while the Suffering from exposure to the elements, the unidentified woman was wrapped in a blanket and shipped across the English Channel to an undisclosed location in Paris, her exact age and identity unknown. Later, traveling with a French passport, she arrived in the United States and made her way through the streets of Manhattan to an elegant building on the Upper East Side. Standing in a hallway there on a cold December afternoon, the woman's discolored appearance and awkward pose attracted little attention (fig. 1). The story of the Roman marble statue of a woman that is the subject of this article has the plot twists and intricacies of a popular novel. Although the very beginning remains unwritten, the ending is a happy one for Yale. The current chapter begins when the sculpture was at an English country house and considered to be an eighteenth-century garden statue. It was auctioned as such by Sotheby's of Sussex in 1987.1 A photograph of the statue from the auction catalogue reveals that the sculpture must already have been displayed outdoors for many years. It was A Mystery in Marble: Examining a Portrait Statue through Science and Art


Soto marsh is a non forested inland freshwater wetland with a humid subtropical weather and fed by rains and domestic wastes through the Soto lake. Main hydrological characteristics and the composition of vegetation and soil through which the water circulates are described. Chemical and biological conditions of water entering and leaving the marsh during dry and rainy periods were compared. Passage through the marsh reduces BOD5 by 64%, producing an average effluent of 2.2 mg.l. Average chlorophyll "a" concentration was reduces by 76% in relation to value recorded at inflow. During the rainy period, the concentration of chlorides, calcium, potassium and sodium was lower in the leaving of the marsh while in the dry period the concentration of anions and cations was very variable. Our results indicate that Soto marsh functions as a source of nutrients (phosphorus and ammonium) when the concentration of organic matter was high and the concentration of dissolved oxygen was low. In the Soto lake and at inflow of the Soto marsh, phytoplanton was dominated by cyanophyte, specially colonies of Microcystis aeruginosa while at the marsh outlet there were higher proportion of other algae. After passage through the marsh zooplankton abundance decreased specially rotifers populations characteristic of eutrophic environments. Comparing the same vegetation (Salvinia biloba), the number of invertebrates associated with the plants was higher in the lake than in the marsh. This decrease was more marked during the rainy period


Some reflections on urbanization and socio-environmental problems in south-central Parana State. In recent years, population and economic growth in south-central Parana State has translated into expressive urbanization rates that, added to the increasing need for provision housing, cause serious socioenvironmental problems that can be easily observed in the urban landscape. The present work exposes some reflections regarding urbanization and socio-environmental problems in south-central Parana State. It also evaluates the relationship among the low income population regarding socio-environmental indicators in the urban context. Starting from the conducted observations, it was verified that a large percentage of the regional urban population presents rural characteristics in the urban area. That population surpasses the appropriation capacity aas well as the limits of home spaces.


This paper deals with constant disturbances rejection in limit cycle tracking for an under-actuated mechanical system. The feedback controler presented in [1] is enhanced to handle constant disturbances by using online iterative estimation of an equivalent disturbance which is easily compensated by adding the estimated value to the output of the system. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through real-time experiments on an inertia wheel inverted pendulum. Constant disturbances are introduced either as a weight asymmetrically fixed to the pendulum body, or by the use of a bad calibrated sensor.


Mesua ferrea L. seed oil based highly branched polyester modified epoxy resin has been utilized as a binder system for a low volatile organic compound (VOC) containing high solid paint formulation. The highly branched low molecular weight polyester resin acts as the reactive diluent of the epoxy resin which satisfies to reduce VOC emission and produces high solid paint system. The prepared Mesua ferrea L. seed oil based highly branched polyester modified epoxy paint (test paint) was assessed against commercially available epoxy paint (standard paint) for protective coating application. Different physical and performance properties of the paint viz. nonvolatile content, specific gravity, viscosity, drying time, scratch hardness, gloss, impact resistance, and chemical properties such as corrosion resistance, salt spray resistance, UV resistance were measured as per the standard methods. The surface morphology and the thermal stability of the paints were also studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The shear thinning behavior was observed for both the paints as indicated by rheological study. The results indicate that the test paint is comparable with the standard paint. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012


Prebiotic supplementation supports immunity & growth-development in preterm infants: a review and expert perspectives Rinawati Rohsiswatmo1*, Ariani Dewi Widodo2, Zakiudin Munasir1, Bernie Endyarni Medise1 Preterm birth still causes significant mortality and morbidity in newborns, despite modern advancements in preterm care. The gut microbiota is the most significant microbial colonization in the human body and plays a significant role in supporting a healthy body. Preterm infants are susceptible to gut dysbiosis, which is thought to contribute to the many adverse outcomes of prematurity, such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), late-onset sepsis (LOS), and developmental delays. Human breast milk is considered the ideal nutrition source for newborns and can help create ideal microbiota in preterm infants. Breast milk contains human milk oligosaccharides (HMO), prebiotics that promote beneficial bacteria growth, absent in cow's milk. Supplementation of non-milk oligosaccharides such as long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (lcFOS) and small-chain galactooligosaccharides (scGOS) in formula milk for preterm infants is found to be beneficial with a favourable safety profile. This review discusses gut microbiota in preterm neonates, its role in developing immune systems, growth and development, and the benefits of prebiotic supplementation.


PURPOSE: To provide a hydrogen silsesquioxane resin (H-resin) fraction derived from an extraction process using one or more fluids at near or above their critical state. CONSTITUTION: A fraction comprises narrow molecular weight fractions with a dispersity less than about 3.0 or fractions useful for applying coatings on substrates. A method is also provided of using the fraction for ceramic coatings on substrates. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO


The report describes different hypothetical accident scenarios at the Leningrad nuclear power plant for both RBMK and VVER-1200 reactors. The estimated release is combined with different meteorological scenarios to predict possible fallout of radioactive substances in Norway. For a hypothetical catastrophic accident at an RBMK reactor combined with a meteorological worst case scenario, the consequences in Norway could be considerable. Foodstuffs in many regions would be contaminated above the food intervention levels for radioactive cesium in Norway. Referanse: Nalbandyan A1; Ytre-Eide M.A1; Thørring H1; Liland A1; Bartnicki J2; Balonov M3 1Statens strålevern; 2Norges Meteorologiske Institutt; 3Scientific and Research Centre "Radomir", Russia. Mulige konsekvenser for Norge ved en hypotetisk ulykke ved Leningrad kjernekraftverk. Potensielt utslipp, nedfall og miljøkonsekvenser. StrålevernRapport 2012:4. Østerås: Statens strålevern, 2012. Language: English Emneord: Leningrad kjernekraftverk, hypotetisk ulykke, radioaktivt nedfall, miljøkonsekvenser i Norge Resymé: Rapporten beskriver forskjellige hypotetiske ulykkesscenarier ved Leningrad kjernekraftverk for både RBMK reaktorer og VVER-1200 reaktorer. Hypotetiske utslipp er kombinert med forskjellige meteorologiske scenarier og mulig radioaktivt nedfall i Norge er modellert. For en katastrofal ulykke ved en RBMK reaktor på Leningrad kombinert med en ugunstig værsituasjon, vil konsekvensene for Norge kunne bli store. I mange regioner vil forurensningen i matvarer overstige de fastsatte tiltaksgrenser for radioaktivt cesium i mat i Norge. Head of project: Astrid Liland Approved: Per Strand, director, Department for Emergency Preparedness and Environmental Radioactivity. 68 pages. Published June. 2012. Coverphoto: Rosatom (Leningrad NPP) Printed number 50 (12-06). Cover design: 07 Gruppen. Printed by 07 Gruppen, Oslo. Orders to: Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, P.O. Box 55, N-1332 Østerås, Norway. Telephone +47 67 16 25 00, fax + 47 67 14 74 07. E-mail: email@example.com www.nrpa.no ISSN 0804-4910 ISSN 1891-5205 (online) The Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA) has conducted a collaborative project to evaluate possible consequences for Norway from a hypothetical accident at the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant (LNPP), Russia, as part of the work performed under the Norwegian Nuclear Action Plan. Two of the three accident scenarios considered in the study were developed for the RBMK1000 reactors that are in operation at the LNPP and one scenario was developed for the new VVER-1200 reactors presently being constructed at the LNPP II site. For a worst case accident scenario, the predicted release is substantially higher from the old RBMK reactors than from the new VVER-1200 reactors. Out of four combined accident/weather scenarios considered in this report, the scenario with the largest impact in Norway was considered to be a Chernobyl type accident coupled with real meteorological data from autumn 2001 with wind direction towards Norway and little precipitation. For this hypothetical scenario, the total fallout of caesium-137 and caesium-134 were estimated to be 4.3 petabecquerels (PBq) and 2.8 PBq, respectively – which is about twice the total deposition in Norway after the Chernobyl accident. The highest deposition levels were predicted for Troms and Finnmark Counties in the northern part of Norway. In order to assess the consequences for natural foodstuffs, the modelled radioactive fallout was coupled with data on transfer to the food chain and statistics on production and hunting. The assessment was limited to the terrestrial environment with a focus on wild berries, mushrooms and animals grazing unimproved pastures (i.e. game, reindeer, sheep and goats). The largest consequences were predicted for semi-domestic reindeer, sheep and goat production. Up to 90 % of all semi-domestic reindeer could exceed the food intervention level for radioactive caesium in the first couple of years after the fallout, and 20-60 % likely to be above for years or even decades to come. For lamb the number of affected animals in the first years could reach 300 000 (35 % of the total production), and as many as 100 000 could be above the intervention level in the following years. The consequences for game in general were predicted to be low, but will to some extent depend on the regional distribution of the different species. For instance, red deer and roe deer are virtually absent in the most contaminated northern parts of Norway, whereas a considerable fraction of moose is found in these areas. Berries from the southern part of Norway are not likely to be subject to gathering restrictions while berries in the northern part of Norway are at risk of being above the intervention level. The activity concentrations in mushrooms will depend on species and affected areas. High accumulator species will probably be above the intervention level in the northern and south-eastern parts of Norway, while more popular species with lower accumulation are likely to be above limits in some northern


In the early 21st century,the inference that the emission of carbon dioxide resulting from the use of fossil fuels has led to climate change seems to have become an overwhelming topic.This trend of thought is based on the evaluation reports published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).However,there always have been different views expressed from the scientific research viewpoint.A temperature rise is a result of many factors combined.The study on the Antarctic ice-core bubbles suggests that climate change is not only related to the concentration of carbon dioxide but at least is also related to the concentration of methane.Over the past 160,000 years,the concentration of carbon dioxide has witnessed a change of 140μL/L without the influence of the industrial activities of human being.Over the past nearly 10,000 years,while the concentration of carbon dioxide was shooting up in a sustained manner ,the air temperature curves have reached a plateau and tended to go down.Holocene geology,archaeology and phenology studies show that the earth climate experienced periodic temperature changes 2℃ higher or lower than the current temperature range multiple times before the human society entered the industrialization stage.A study should focus on the complex interaction of multiple factors instead of the simple cause and effect of two things in a complex system.Even if the inference that carbon dioxide emissions from the use of fossil fuels is one of the key contributing factors to the rise of air temperature is accepted,countries with different specific conditions and volumes of resources should be allowed to take any of the two different ways to reduce carbon dioxide emissions-slashing the use of fossil fuels or reducing energy intensity and carbon emissions in relation to GDP as much as possible by introducing energy saving and emission reducing measures.Developed countries can focus their attention more on the first method,while developing countries currently should focus on the latter.The most serious environmental pollution in China was not caused by carbon emission and the effort to reduce emissions should first target those pollutants that seriously pollute soil ,water bodies and the atmosphere and that pose a direct threat to people′s health.Raising a query on the relationship between energy and the climate definitely does not mean a negligence of environmental problems.One must be practical and realistic when dealing with serious scientific issues.Scientists from different backgrounds should be organized to engage in multi-discipline study.China should have her own view and right to speak on key issues relating to the future of human being.


During the sees-making and cultivating of the eating mushroom,the cultirating material is often polluted by lots of reasons.The polluted cultiration material which has been polluted is dealt wiht flat mushroom culture. The test is,fermented grog open to it inoculates to be most ideal culture cratf at present,which has lots of advantages,such as the send fungus soon,pollution rate low,single bay of average high output,etc.To sterilize the flat mushroom is the best way to make use of the waste material aftr the pollution material ferment,which deserres a kind of popularization of production.


The Feidu and Qinqiang of Jia Pingwa are not two isolated versions,but a spiriuual conversation along the same clue of creative writing.Although written at an interval of ten years,with different themes on city and countryside separately,the two both have the same introspection on Chinese modernization,and they both signify Jia Pingwa's aesthetical concern about the current social life in China.


Right after the fullerene discovery, the first endohedral metallofullerene (EMF) La@C60 was detected. 1 The number of EMFs reported since then has increased over the years. Given the low yields obtained in many cases, computations have been crucial for a correct elucidation of the structure and reactivity of EMFs and their derivatives. When a metal or metallic cluster is encapsulated inside a fullerene cage, a formal charge transfer from the inner moiety to the carbon structure takes place. Poblet and co-workers reported that this negative charge transferred from the metal clusters to the carbon cages in EMF systems is mainly localized on the five-membered rings (5-MRs) of the fullerene. Apart from that, it was shown that charged cages are good models for describing relative stabilities of EMFs. Neutral empty fullerenes strictly obey the so-called isolated pentagon rule (IPR), which states that the most stable cages are those that do not contain adjacent 5-MRs. Nevertheless, many EMFs violate the IPR rule. Some of us have recently shown that the most stable charged fullerene cages (i.e. the most suitable cages in EMFs) are determined by the Maximum ARomaticity Criterion (MARC), where the aromaticity of the EMF is computed by the Additive Local Aromaticity (ALA) index (see ESI† for a description of ALA). Functionalization of EMFs is mainly achieved via cycloaddition reactions, principally through Diels–Alder (DA), 1,3-dipolar, and nucleophilic [2+1] Bingel–Hirsch (BH) additions. It has been shown that the strain induced by the inner metal cluster on the carbon structure plays an important role in determining the regioselectivity of exohedral functionalizations of the EMFs. Electronic effects are also essential due to the formal charge transfer from the metal cluster to the fullerene cage. In most cases the best criterion for chemical-reactivity predictions of EMFs is provided by a combination of short bond lengths, high pyramidalization angles, and appropriate shape of some of the LUMOs. However, a single parameter for correctly describing and predicting EMF regioselectivity has not been described yet. In light of the above-mentioned considerations, one might expect chemical functionalization of non-IPR EMFs to occur preferentially on the [5,5] bonds of the pentalene units (the different bond types are described in Scheme S1, ESI†). These 8p-electron systems have, according to the Hückel (4n + 2) aromatic/(4n) antiaromatic rule, a destabilizing effect over the p electronic structure alleviated in part by the charge transferred from the inner metal cluster. In addition, [5,5] bonds usually have large pyramidalization angles and are located in highly strained fullerene regions. Indeed, the DA reaction on the non-IPR Y3N@C2-C78 system was computationally predicted to occur on a [5,5] type E bond. However, there are some recent experimental examples of BH cycloadditions on non-IPR EMFs where the addition does not occur on type E [5,5] bonds. For instance, the BH addition to Sc3N@D3(6140)C68, 12 takes place on a [6,6] bond, and that to Gd3N@C2n (2n = 82 and 84) occurs on a [5,6] bond. 13 Interestingly, the most stable adducts were formed on long C–C bonds with high pyramidalization angles. In fact, the least stable adducts were those on short C–C bonds. With a few exceptions, BH addition to EMFs leads to open-cage adducts (termed fulleroids). For BH additions to EMFs (see Scheme S2 in the ESI†), none of the usually employed parameters for describing the preferred addition sites is able to reproduce the experimental observations. Moreover, we recently showed that regioselectivity changes of the DA cycloaddition to C60 n (n = 0–6) can be rationalized using measures of local aromaticity. In the present work, we explore the role played by aromaticity in determining the relative BH adduct stabilities of three types of non-IPR EMF systems: Gd3N@Cs(51365)-C84 with 1 adjacent pentagon pair (APP), Y3N@C2(22010)-C78 with 2 APPs, 18 a Inst. de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Dept. de Quı́mica, Univ. Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain. E-mail: email@example.com b ICREA, Pg. Lluı́s Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain c Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Detailed description of the computational methods, Fig. S1–S3 and Tables S1–S3 with xyz coordinates of all species. See DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44505d Received 16th June 2013, Accepted 10th July 2013


A Tour of the Subatomic Zoo: A guide to particle physics is a brief and ambitious expedition into the remarkably simple ingredients of all the wonders of nature. With hardly a mathematical formula, Professor Cindy Schwarz clearly explains the language and much of the substance of elementary particle physics for the 99% of students who do not aspire to a career in physics. Views of matter from the atom to the quark are discussed in a form that an interested person with no physics background can easily understand.


1. Ashley Colberg Sabo, MD, FAAP*
2. Jonathan Marino Sherman, MD†

1. *Department of General Pediatrics and Academic Medicine, Advocate Children's Hospital, Oak Lawn, IL

2. †Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Advocate Children's Hospital, Oak Lawn, IL

A 9-day-old boy born following a 39-week gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery with no complications is transferred from an outside hospital emergency department after 1 day of increasing swelling of the left neck and cheek. The patient's mother initially noticed the swelling on the morning of the day of admission. She reports that the infant had increased irritability the night prior. Over the course of the day, the swelling increased without overlying skin changes. The infant had no problems feeding, changes in urine output, emesis or diarrhea, cough, dyspnea, stridor, or fever at home. There were no recent sick contacts.

The patient's only medical history is ankyloglossia, which was recognized at birth when the patient struggled with breastfeeding. This led to outpatient otolaryngology evaluation and lingual frenulotomy on day 3 of life.

The patient is brought to the outside emergency department where he is found to have no fever, age appropriate vital signs, and a white blood …


Abstract We determined the distribution of two cryptic mussel species (Mytilus edulis and M. trossulus) along full gradients of wave exposure in northwest Atlantic rocky intertidal habitats. Research was conducted in Nova Scotia (Canada) and Maine (United States) and species were determined using genetic analyses. In very sheltered habitats, only M. edulis occurred. In sheltered, exposed, and very exposed habitats, both species co-existed, M. edulis predominating in Maine and M. trossulus in Nova Scotia. Hybrids were absent or rare. The distribution of mussels regardless of species (Mytilus spp.) was remarkably consistent across levels of wave exposure in both regions. In very sheltered habitats, organisms were large (4–5 cm long, on average) and old (7–8 years, on average) and occurred in low densities. In sheltered, exposed, and very exposed habitats, organisms were small (< 1 cm, on average) and young (1–2 years, on average); density was low in sheltered and very exposed habitats, but high in exposed habitats. Abundance data for predatory snails (dogwhelks, Nucella lapillus) and canopy-forming algae (Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus spp.) suggest that predation and facilitation may explain some of the observed changes in mussel population traits along the wave exposure gradients. Our results could be useful as baseline information to predict the effects of the progressive increase in wave action caused by climate change on intertidal mussel populations.


A single-phase flow CFD model is presented for predicting the pressure and flow distribution in parallel connected manifolds. The validation of the proposed CFD model is tested by its application to simulate flow behavior in intake and exhaust conduits. The simulated results are compared with the experimental data by Luo et al. and satisfactory agreements are found between the simulations and experiment. Using the proposed CFD model, the influences of flow rate, inner diameter ratio ψ and ψ0 on the flow distribution were investigated. From the simulated results, it can be found that non-uniform flow distribution is dependent on the flow rate in conduits. It is also found that inner diameter ratio play an important role on flow distribution. Proper flow rate and inner diameter ratio chosen will improve the uniformity of flow distribution.


No. of Cases, i. Fracture of the External Malleolus, or of the Fibula above the Joint .. 16 2. Fracture of the Internal Malleolus alone 4 3. Fracture of both Malleoli 27 4. Fracture of Internal Malleolus, and of the Fibula above the Joint, combined with Backward Dislocation of the Foot . . . 3 5. Fracture of the Internal Malleolus, and a , Splitting Off of a considerable triangle of bone from, the Tibia at the Tibio-flbular junction 6. Split Fracture of the ,Tibia at the Tlbio-fibular junctiol'l. of minor degree, with no separation (no-other fracture). . 1 7. Comminution of the Articular Surface of the Tibia ' 1 8. Supra-Malleolar Fracture .. 6 9. Fracture of the Fibula and Rupture of the No. of Cases. The number.is much.smaller than was anticipated from the collection of plates, many results of the plates being negative for fracture, and in many instances several radiograms were taken of the same case. The figures are those of the actual cases. As will be seen, a large number have been described as vertical plane fractures, a term that explains itself, and of which diagrams are shown.


Natural Law and Natural Rights is a refreshingly direct book about some decidedly difficult matters. It is also a book that refuses to do homage to the complexity of its subject by limiting the topics covered. Here is virtually a mini-treatise in moral philosophy, with illuminating discussions on the whole range of human value1 and on a good part of the related range of metaethics,2 legal theory,$ political theory, and the problems of methodology in the


In 1995, a multimillion-dollar experiment – the Indian Ocean Experiment – discovered a dark mass of polluting air hovering above the Indian subcontinent. This mass of air was termed a cloud and found to be composed of a high amount of black carbon that was judged to be the second biggest threat to climate change after carbon-dioxide. In this article, an attempt is made to trace the life of black carbon by documenting its changing forms since the experiment. It emerges that the changing forms allow for the movement of air – smoke from traditional cookstoves and vehicular diesel emissions in India lead to the formation of the cloud – and reveal how an ethnography of air can be undertaken.


Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli is two parasites phylogenetically close hosts share parasites / vectors, geographical distribution and antigens that complicate its diagnosis and differentiation. However, T. rangeli unlike of T. cruzi infection does not produce and their ability to invade mammalian cells is discussed. Therefore, T. rangeli is model interesting to study the functionality of proteins associated with cell invasion. NTR of T. cruzi is involved in the establishment and maintenance of infection by the parasite to the host cell, but its function is still unknown . In this work we cloned and expressed the NTR T. cruzi and T. rangeli with the aim of use in clinical tests to elucidate its function.


A number of modulation strategies are used in multi-level power conversion applications. This paper is focused on novel multi-carrier PWM methods which have been extended for use in cascaded H-bridge multi-level inverter. Novel multi-carrier PWM method can be optimized or balanced the switch utilization in cascaded H-bridge multi-level inverter. Five-level cascaded H-bridge multi-level inverter has been simulated and controlled with the novel multi-carrier PWM proposed in this paper to act as a voltage-source inverter (VSI)


Abstract : A woman's successful adaptation to motherhood is key to overall family health. For military wives and mothers this is the first step towards a strong family foundation that can support changing roles and responsibilities as a result of deployments and lengthy military separations. The M.O.M.S. program offers a framework for maternal support. Obstetrical and neonatal nurses are best suited to lead the development of mentored support because of their familiarity with the pregnant woman and the family's needs. This randomized controlled study was an intervention designed to promote prenatal maternal psychosocial adaptation to pregnancy. The target population for the study were gravid women receiving obstetrical care at Eglin AFB who were experiencing or anticipated deployment of their husbands during the course of their pregnancies. The purposes of the study were as follows: (1) Explore the feasibility of developing, implementing, and sustaining the M.O.M.S. program by examining gravida attendance and attrition patterns; (2) Explore the acceptability and suitability of the mentoring support intervention to gravidas of deployed service members; (3) Evaluate the participants' and mentors' satisfaction with the Becoming a Mother Manual and its effectiveness in increasing group interactions; and (4) Evaluate the effectiveness of the M.O.M.S. program in reducing the conflict associated with prenatal maternal adaptation to pregnancy and enhancing maternal-fetal attachment and self-esteem. The participants were randomized to an intervention of 8 structured support sessions and unlimited unstructured support from a trained mentor. The control group received the current prenatal plan of care with home visits or informational support provided through the New Parent Support Program. The results of this study also reflect the importance of the marital relationship and the husband's supportive role in his wife's maternal adaptive process.


A new type of phase calibration generator (PCG) coupler was developed for the Deep Space Network (DSN) X-band antennas that can be located directly behind the feedhorn. The advantage of this is that the calibration includes more of the system. The disadvantage is that the overmoded waveguide at this location must be coupled in a mode-selective manner. Low-power and high-power PCG couplers have been successfully produced, and the RF test results from a PCG coupler are given.


The study evaluated the role of sectoral labour force and the national savings on the manufacturing sector output in Nigeria from 1985 to 2019, a period of 35years. Data was sourced from Central Bank Of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin various issues up until 2017, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), and World Development Index (WDI). Data were analyzed using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The VECM result revealed that national savings and labour force have long run positive effect on the manufacturing sector output, while exchange rate and inflation have long-run negative effect on the manufacturing sector output. It could be deduced from this study that national savings, labour force in the industrial sector, inflation and exchange rate are very critical factors that determine the growth and survival of the manufacturing sector. Hence, it was recommended that the government look critically to the manufacturing sector and revamp the sector by making credit facility to the sector, and increase the use of domestic raw materials.


Aim:  To study the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in transplanted rat kidney and its relationship with chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN).


improving the current legislation and its harmonization with the standards adopted in the EU countries were provided. Discussion: the discussion in the scientific study is about the peculiarities of the legal regulation of threats and risks arising from the interaction of subjects in cyberspace.


The Content of this presentation shows the Practical experience in the matter of Graphical Expression Given in the School of Engineering of the University of Vigo and using the virtual platform for the digital tracing Theoretical explanation in class.


The research findings of this study indicate that the majority of the citizens in Lesotho do not actively participate in policy decision-making processes in the Ministry of Development Planning. Civil society organizations are not functioning as they are expected to in policy formulation processes. The study further revealed that public participation on issues of policy formulation process in the Ministry is influenced by political affiliation of the citizenry. These findings led to the conclusion that public participation in policy decision-making processes in Lesotho is not done properly.