lik spots: a clinical sign with epidemiological implications for measles control. Necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) is an uncommon degenerative disorder of unknown etiology that affects connective tissue. Although very often associated with diabetes mellitus, NL does occur in nondiabetic patients. Figure 1 A, Well-defined, erythematous-violaceous plaque 2 cm in diameter on the right pretibial region. B, Comma-shaped vessels, whitish structures on a pink background, brownish-orange patches, and a fine network of vessels in the upper part of the dermoscopic image. C, Histology reveals alternating layers of palisading granuloma and degenerated collagen in the dermis together with an intense perivascular inflammatory infiltrate (hematoxylin-eosin ×100). The diagnosis of NL has traditionally been based on clinical presentation and histologic findings, which are distinctive in many cases. However, atypical presentations and variations in the appearance of the lesions as they evolve can make diagnosis difficult. 1,2 We report the cases of 3 patients with NL lesions at different stages with a view to establishing a correlation between dermoscopic and histologic findings. Patient 1 was a 65-year-old woman with no past history of interest who presented an asymptomatic erythematous-Documento descargado de http://www.actasdermo.org el 31/03/2017. Copia para uso personal, se prohíbe la transmisión de este documento por cualquier medio o formato.


Media choices and decision-making policies is an important policy in brand advertising operation of manufacturer.From the actual situation,two-step methods of advertising media choices is proposed: the first step is to help manufacturer determine media selected collections based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP),that is to solve manufacturers media selection problem;The second step is to expand the liner model of current advertising investment policies,and to establish the nonlinear integer programming model which concerns with customers' disgust emotion and competitive factors of media platform in manufacturer's advertising investment policies,it can help manufacturer obtain the optimal quantity of media advertising and allocation of advertising budgets,that is to solve the problem in decision-making of advertising investment.Finally the specific numerical example proves validity of the model,and this paper gives the research proposals.


Provided are a transmedia message transmission method, device and system. The transmedia message transmission method includes receiving a message sent by an optical line terminal; acquiring a link identifier and a channel identifier according to the message, the channel identifier being an identifier of a broadcast channel corresponding to the link identifier; encoding the message and modulating same into a transmission resource corresponding to the channel identifier using modulation and encoding parameters corresponding to the channel identifier to obtain a modulated signal; and sending the modulated signal to a coaxial network unit corresponding to the link identifier via the transmission resource, so that the coaxial network unit parses the message using the channel identifier and link identifier. Thus, the management of the optical line terminal of an optical fibre domain is realized through a media conversion unit.


Healthcare coverage for women aged 21 to 26 increased substantially after implementation of the Affordable Care Act's (ACA) dependent coverage mandate


In this paper, a wideband planar Yagi-Uda antenna was designed for millimeter wave synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging application. A series of simulations were performed to investigate the effect of each part of the antenna on its radiation characteristics. The designed antenna can achieve ~16% (~55 – 65 GHz) bandwidth (S11<-10 dB), ~7 dB gain, and ~85º and 90º half-power beam-width (HPBW) in the E- and H-planes, respectively. Subsequently, the antenna was manufactured and tested, showing close agreement between its simulated and measured characteristics. Finally, the imaging performance of the designed antenna was examined through several SAR imaging experiments.


According to the Bayesian concept of confirmation, rationalized versions of creationism come out as empirically confirmed. From a scientific viewpoint, however, they are pseudo-explanations because with help of them all kinds of experiences are explainable in an ex-post. fashion, by way of ad-hoc fitting of an empirically empty theoretical framework to the given evidence. An alternative concept of confirmation that attempts to capture this intuition is the use novelty (UN) criterion of confirmation. Serious objections have been raised against this criterion. In this paper I suggest solutions to these objections. Based on them, I develop an account of genuine confirmation that unifies the UN-criterion and Mayo's severe-test criterion with a refined probabilistic concept of confirmation that is explicated in terms of the confirmation of evidence-transcending content parts of the hypothesis. 1. The Problem: Bayesian Confirmation of Irrational Beliefs Neo-creationists have applied Bayesian confirmation methods to confirm refined versions of creationism. With help of Bayes' formula Unwin (2005) has calculated the posterior probability of God's existence as 67%. Swinburne (1979, ch. 13) is more cautious; his major argument is based in the claim that certain experiences increases the probability of God's existence. Can something like this really count as a serious confirmation? To answer this question we first distinguish two kinds of creationisms: Empirically criticizable creationisms are testable at hand of empirical consequences. Literal interpretations of the genesis and other holy scriptures make plenty of empirically testable assertions (e.g. concerning the age of the cosmos or the creation of biological species), but more-or-less all of them have been scientifically refuted. These empirically criticize creationisms don't constitute a problem for Bayesian (and other) confirmation accounts. We are dealing here with empirically uncriticizable creationisms. These are ratio-


The unsaturated fatty acid, oleate exhibits anorexigenic properties reducing food intake and hepatic glucose output. However, its mechanism of action in the hypothalamus has not been fully determined. This study investigated the effects of oleate and glucose on GT1-7 mouse hypothalamic cells (a model of glucose-excited (GE) neurons) and mouse arcuate nucleus (ARC) neurons. Whole-cell and perforated patch-clamp recordings, immunoblotting and cell energy status measures were used to investigate oleateand glucose-sensing properties of mouse hypothalamic neurons. Oleate or lowered glucose concentration caused hyperpolarization and inhibition of firing of GT1-7 cells by the activation of ATP-sensitive K channels (KATP). This effect of oleate was not dependent on fatty acid oxidation or raised AMP-activated protein kinase activity or prevented by the presence of the UCP2 inhibitor genipin. Oleate did not alter intracellular calcium, indicating that CD36/fatty acid translocase may not play a role. However, oleate activation of KATP may require ATP metabolism. The short-chain fatty acid octanoate was unable to replicate the actions of oleate on GT1-7 cells. Although oleate decreased GT1-7 cell mitochondrial membrane potential there was no change in total cellular ATP or ATP/ADP ratios. Perforated patch and whole-cell recordings from mouse hypothalamic slices demonstrated that oleate hyperpolarized a subpopulation of ARC GE neurons by KATP activation. Additionally, in a separate small population of ARC neurons, oleate application or lowered glucose concentration caused membrane depolarization. In conclusion, oleate induces KATP-dependent hyperpolarization and inhibition of firing of a subgroup of GE hypothalamic http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.12.053 0306-4522/ 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IBRO. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org *Corresponding author. Fax: +44-1382-740359. E-mail address: email@example.com (M. L. J. Ashford). y These authors contributed equally to the present study. Abbreviations: ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; AMPK, adenosine 50monophophate-activated protein kinase; AMP-PNP, 50-adenylylimido diphosphate; ARC, arcuate nucleus; CPT1, carnitine palmitolytransferase-1; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; GE, glucose-excited; GI, glucose-inhibited; KATP, ATP-sensitive potassium channel, oleate; POMC, proopiomelanocortin; UCP, uncoupling protein; VMN, ventromedial nucleus. 29 neurons without altering cellular energy charge. 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IBRO. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).


To assess the risk of repoductive age outbreak and to guide immunization policy, seroprevalences of antibody to measles, rubella, and varicella-zoster were determined in healthy korean women of reproductive age. The number of measles, rubella and varicella-zoster were 500, 62,351 and 200, respective...


In 1923, Yeats committed to publisher T. Werner Laurie the manuscript of A Vision: An Explanation of Life founded upon Certain Doctrines Attributed to Kusta Ben Luka (1925), first issued to subscribers on January 15, 1926. But already, in a long entry of March 14, 1926, he had begun to plan in his diary major revisions for the substantially rewritten version of A Vision that materialized on October 7, 1937, when the standard edition was published by Macmillan, without subtitle. These two renditions of the same book—the second edition of A Vision and its 1925 predecessor (which will be hereafter referred parenthetically as AV:EL)—posed very different assumptions about the author in relation to his sources, both fictional and actual. Although Yeats registers no qualms in the diary about how close AV:EL adhered to the research source of his wife's automatic writing, Richard Ellmann has stated that she opposed an elucidated second edition that would acknowledge the spirit guides who informed the work's mystic philosophy:


Background: A study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant and immunological profile of methanolic extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves (AVE) in naturally infected sheep with gastrointestinal nematodes and compared with commonly used anthelmintic albendazole in sheep. Methods: Fifty four sheep found positive for gastrointestinal nematodes were divided into 3 equal groups, GI (infected-untreated: control), GII (infected- AVE treated) and GIII (infected- albendazole treated). Blood samples were drawn on 5th and 14th day after treatment for analysis of oxidative stress markers such as TBARS, TAC, SOD and catalase and immunological parameters such as total immunoglobulin, IgG and IL-10.
Result: Helminthiasis in sheep cause a considerable oxidative stress. The anthelmintic activity of Adhatoda vasica surpassed the conventional synthetic drug albendazole in sheep in terms of oxidative and immunological changes in blood.


Objective:To compare the effect of transcervical resection(TCRC) and loop electrosurgical excision(LEEP) in treatment with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN).Methods:82 cases of CIN patients were randomly classified into TCRC group and LEEP group,which each group with 41 cases.The effect and operation between the two groups were compared.Results:The operative bleeding amount in TCRC group was significantly lower than that in LEEP group(P0.05).The operative time and intraoperative discomfort incidence in LEEP group was lower than that in TCRC group,but there was no significantly difference(P0.05).There were no significant differences in the incidences of exceeding amount of menstrual bleeding,wound infection,and cervical stenosis between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusion:Both TCRC and LEEP are effective method in treatment with CIN,but TCRC has low operative bleeding amount and should be generally considered.


Fourteen revisions in 14 patients were evaluated. The cause of revision was aseptic loosening in nine joints, dislocation in two joints and other causes in three. Mean age was 65.5 years (ranging from 46 to 78 years). Mean follow-up period after revision was 4.1 years with a range from 0.5 years to 9.5 years.We used a cemented prosthesis (Charnley) in 10 cases, and cementless ingrowth prosthesis with bone graft in 4 cases.Postoperative clinical results were compared with reference to these two types of prostheses and results achieved using the cemented prosthesis (Charnley) were worse at one year after surgery.In comparison results of the bone ingrowth prosthesis with bone graft showed a good clinical course.In conclusion, the bone ingrowth prosthesis with bone graft appeared to be a preferred candidate for revision of THA.


ABSTRACTThe long-term effects of gestational weight gain (GWG) on postpartum maternal health outcomes are unclear. Although there is some evidence for an association between GWG and postpartum weight retention, studies have not investigated the possible association between GWG and cardiovascular dis


without end T HE THEME FOR THE ORIGI NAL AR TI CLES IN THIS IS SUE IS an ti mi cro bial re sis tance. Scriver et al (pages 7682) re port an in vi tro crossCanada re view of ac tiv ity of se lected an ti mi cro bi als against no so comial Gramnegative rods, par ticu larly or gan isms with in duci ble chro mo so mal betalactamase. Loo et al (pages 8387) de scribe ac tiv ity of se lected an ti mi cro bi als against sus cep ti ble and in ter me di ately penicillinresistant Strep to coc cus pneu mo niae iso lated in Que bec. Burdge et al (pages 97101), in Van cou ver, de scribe eradi ca tion of pul mo nary methicillinresistant Staphy lo coc cus au reus (MRSA) with clin da my cin and ri fampin in two cys tic fi bro sis pa tients. An ti mi cro bial re sis tance is here – a cur rent and fu ture chal lenge for Ca na dian phy si cians and their pa tients. Some com fort is found in ob serv ing that the ex tent of re sis tance seems less than those re ported from other coun tries. For in stance, as Scriver et al dem on strate, Kleb siel lia pneu mo niae plasmidmediated betalactamase re sis tance is not yet a prob lem in Can ada, and vancomycinresistant en te ro cocci are not yet es tab lished. The emer gence of MRSA (1) and penicillinresistant S pneu mo niae (see Loo et al) as im por tant clini cal prob lems has been de layed rela tive to many other coun tries. Per haps our widely scat tered popu la tion im pedes trans mis sion, or our an ti mi cro bial and in fec tion con trol prac tices are of a cali bre that lim its ac qui si tion and dis semi na tion of re sis tant or gan isms. There is no rea son for com pla cence; the only re al is tic fu ture is one of es ca lat ing an ti mi cro bial re sis tance. How should we re spond to re ports of in creas ing an ti mi cro bial re sis tance in Can ada? Gen er ally, a three fold front is sug gested (2). First, new an ti mi cro bi als that cir cum vent cur rent mecha nisms of re sis tance may be de vel oped. This, of course, is the his tory of antimi cro bial in tro duc tion and re sis tance de vel op ment of the past four dec ades. But in an ti mi cro bial de vel op ment, the dis tance be tween the an ti mi cro bial be ing sought and the pur su ing re sis tance is ever short en ing. There may re main un ex ploited op por tu ni ties for an ti mi cro bial de vel op ment, but a san guine ex pec ta tion of sci en tific prog ress may be na ive – the ex traor di nary adapt abil ity of mi cro or gan isms is cer tainly cau tion ary. The sec ond ap proach is to en sure 'o pt imal' use of cur rent an ti mi cro bi als. But can we agree on what is op ti mal an ti bi otic use? Is it us ing less of an an ti mi cro bial, as sug gested by the ex pe ri ence with vancomycinresistant en te ro coc cal out breaks in the United States, or is it us ing more, as in en sur ing full treat ment of tu ber cu lo sis cases or eradi ca tion of MRSA car riage? In some set tings, such as high in ten sity spe cialty care units in ter ti ary care hos pi tals (eg, burn or he ma tol ogy/on col ogy units), even op ti mal an ti mi cro bial use will be as so ci ated with emer gence of an ti mi cro bial re sis tance. In ad di tion, avail able re ports de scrib ing in ter ven tions to mod ify an ti mi cro bial use are, short of re stric tion, a saga of fail ure. Some prom is ing but pre limi nary ini tia tives, pri mar ily at the fam ily prac tice level, are ex plor ing the fa cili ta tion of im ple men ta tion of prac tice guide lines. These may pro vide some fu ture mod els of prac tice in ter ven tion ap pli ca ble to the dif fi cult prob lem of achiev ing 'a ppr opr iate' an ti mi cro bial use. There are, how ever, no im me di ately ap par ent short term so lu tions. The third sug gested ap proach for man ag ing antimi cro bial re sis tance is through strength en ing in fec tion con trol prac tices. This ap proach would be tar geted to in sti tu tional set tings, where the goal is to pre vent the in ter pa tient trans mis sion of or gan isms among pa tients, which is fa cili tated in the in sti tu tional set ting. Re ports of con trol of no so comial out breaks of mul ti ply re sis tant tu ber cu lo sis and vancomycinresistant en terococci are con vinc ing evi dence that ap pro pri ate, in ten sive, in fec tion con trol prac tices are ef fec tive in pre vent ing trans mis sion of re sis tant or gan isms. These suc cess sto ries, how ever, emerge from cri sis situa tions. The dual chal lenges of re source limi ta tion and of man ag ing hu man be hav iour are sub stan tial im pedi ments, in the non cri sis situa tion, to the ef fec tive ness of in fec tion con trol meas ures in man ag ing en demic an ti mi cro bial re sis tance. This is not, how ever, a time for pes si mism. We must get past number count ing and hand wring ing to ac tion and com mit ment. It is time for a dis pas sion ate, re al is tic ap praisal of the prob lem, and ac know ledge ment that we are em bark ing on hos tili ties that will shadow the re main der of our pro fes sional ca reers. The meas ure ment of the im pact of re sis tance, in par ticu lar, is criti cal to the de vel op ment of strate gies for man age ment of an ti mi cro bial re sis tance. How much is it an in vi tro phenome non? What are the clini cal mor bid ity, mor tal ity and cost to our so ci ety of an ti mi cro bial re sis tance? This in for ma tion is es sen tial to al low us to pri ori tize com pet ing is sues, to meas ure the im pact of in ter ven tions, and to un der stand the tradeoffs in clini cal man age ment and pro fes sional in de pend ence nec es sary in man ag ing this prob lem of an ti mi cro bial re sis tance. Our im me di ate and long term goal is to main tain the EDI TO RIAL


The interaction between rational hedgers and informed oil traders is parameterized and tested empirically with the help of a complex non linear smooth transition regime shift CCC-GARCH procedure. In spite of their gyrations, futures price changes are usually self-correcting. Well informed producers and consumers will ensure that crude oil prices – and thus the prices of the corresponding futures contracts – fluctuate within a long run equilibrium range determined by market fundamentals. During the 2008 oil price upswing, however, shifts in positions in the futures markets by well informed optimizing agents, that usually dampen price changes, result in destabilizing positive feedback trading. Futures price changes that can be classified as speculative are due to hedgers' reaction to movements in the variability of the return of their covered cash position.


If you are having plumbing work done in your home, you may need to consider if they meet the Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations 1999.


Abstract Following a review of relevant mechanisms and structures, we propose to use binary nomenclature for characterizing and naming most fossil egg-sets, clutches and ovipositions of damselflies as trace fossils. We recommend to sharply distinguish between structures caused by insects and adjoining plant tissues. Only the former are trace fossils, the latter are not.


Porous ceramic is prepared by addition pore-forming material process with quartz sands as main materials.Microstructure and phase identification of porous ceramic are characterized by scanning electronic microscopy(SEM),X-ray Diffraction(XRD) and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis curves(TG/DSC).The effect of bentonite dosage on the strength (green strength,compress strength,breaking strength) of porous ceramic is investigated.The results show that the green strength,the compress strength and breaking strength of porous ceramic increase with the increase of bentonite(0%~4%).However,the properties of porous ceramic remain unchange with the bentonite addition continuing to increase hereafter.


INTRODUCTION Proper knee stability is essential in performing many isometric or slow knee movements, and even more critical during intense dynamic activities. Considerable interest has been given to knee stability clinically and with non-invasive research techniques such as computational modeling. The model validation process is often performed through in-vitro testing, but fixtures do not account for time varying muscle loads [1]. In quazistatic and dynamic tasks knee ligaments play a secondary role to muscles, which are the primary knee stabilizers [2]. We have developed a six degree-of-freedom (DOF) dynamic in-vitro knee simulator capable of simulating estimated time-varying muscle forces from multiple muscles. In-vitro simulations were conducted in conjunction with the development of a rigid body knee model. Tibiofemoral intersegmental forces due to time-varying muscle loads were measured during in-vitro experiments and estimated in computational simulations. Results were compared and quantified for model validation.


In this work we present a unique transmission electron microscopy study of the thermal stability of gas phase synthesized Mg nanoparticles, which have attracted strong interest as high capacity hydrogen storage materials. Indeed, Mg nanoparticles with a MgO shell ( ? 3?nm thick) annealed at 300?°C show evaporation, void formation, and void growth in the Mg core both in vacuum and under a high pressure gas environment. This is mainly due to the outward diffusion and evaporation of Mg with the simultaneously inward diffusion of vacancies leading to void growth (Kirkendall effect). The rate of Mg evaporation and void formation depends on the annealing conditions. In vacuum, and at T = 300?°C, the complete evaporation of the Mg core takes place (within a few hours) for sizes ? 15–20?nm. Void formation and growth has been observed for particles with sizes ? 20–50?nm, while stable Mg nanoparticles were observed for sizes >50?nm. Furthermore, even at relative low temperature annealing (as low as 60?°C), void formation and growth occurs in 15–20 nm sized Mg nanoparticles, indicating that voiding will be even more dominant for nanoparticles smaller than 10 nm. Our findings confirm that Mg evaporation and void formation in nanoparticles with sizes less than 50 nm present formidable barriers for their applicability in hydrogen storage, but also could inspire future research directions to overcome these obstacles.


The understanding of natural sciences is an essential requirement of living in today's world, not only because of its utility in daily life, but also due to the effect science and technology have had over current thinking patterns and human values. Many thinkers and experimenters have labored over at least five centuries to develop these sciences, culminating in the world-view of physical science today. Be it biological proteins or chemical reactions, rocket science or cell phones, eventually the ideas involved in their development can be traced back to this world-view and identified by the ideas of scientists such as Isaac Newton and Descartes (Mechanics), Albert Einstein (Relativity) and, among others, Werner Heisenberg (Quantum Mechanics).


On 2 March 2010, the University of Nevada Reno (UNR) announced the intent to close its College of Agriculture, Biotechnology and Natural Resources. This is Nevada's Land Grant University. Its Morrill Hall was named for Senator Justin Morrill, author of the Land Grant College Act of 1862. The Land Grant College Act created one of the world's most effective university systems. It made the liberal arts and sciences available to poor kids from farms and factories. By combining university education with research and application of results, it produced graduates equipped to change the land itself. And they did. Land grant schools created land care professionals. Schools merged basic sciences with economics and social sciences to graduate a new kind of applied scientist who listened to the land and translated what they heard into action. They embraced the emerging science of ecology, emphasizing interconnections and interactions. These unsung heroes of the 20th century nursed overcut, overgrazed, overplowed, and overhunted land back to health. The Wellsville Mountains, just west of where I write today, is a national wilderness area. Eighty years ago, most trees large enough for a railroad tie had been cut. Sheep grazed plants down to the soil. Mudslides destroyed homes and villages. Local people organized to buy the land. They petitioned the USDA Forest Service to annex the mountains to the Cache National Forest. SRM hero Bill Hurst became the Cache land acquisition offi cer when he returned from military service after World War II. Bill was one of many land grant graduates who turned abused mountains into prime assets. Few who walk wilderness trails today appreciate the science and sweat that saved those damaged landscapes. About 1966 a dust storm hovered like a dark monster stalking Lubbock, Texas. People grabbed cameras and recorded it blocking out the sun, engulfi ng houses, and changing day to night. Thirty years earlier, dust storms were a way of life; one carried prairie soil to our nation's capital. Congress passed laws for the rehabilitation of our overplowed and overgrazed lands. Range management heroes such as Hershell Bell, E. J. Dyksterhuis, and B. W. Allred applied their science and sweat to the prairies. They helped make dust storms rare enough to merit photographing. Every community in the west has local land grant college heroes who healed land suffering from the excesses of well-meaning people who did not understand arid landscapes or the science needed to manage them. Fewer than 2% of Americans today live on farms. Abolishing a College of Agriculture in a desert state with three-fourths of its land publicly owned may seem reasonable to real estate developers, hotel owners, and politicians. People, money, and power in the western United States are concentrated in a few large cities. Value and beauty of the area lie in vast, open spaces between cities that include farms, ranches, parks, forests, watersheds, mines, and scenery. A major role of land grant universities is to provide research and people to keep those vast lands healthy. The small number of graduates was a reason UNR gave for closing its Ag college. The number of graduates is not a good criterion for judging the impact of a university in a western state. Listening to the Land


The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of trigonal selenium (t-Se) nanowire (NW) crystals made via immersion in ethanol have been studied. A steep increase in current at the trap-filled limit voltage is observed in the I–V curve of t-Se NWs with a space-charge-limited current. From an analysis of the I–V characteristics based on a three-dimensional model, the trap concentration and trap energy are estimated to be 6.8 × 1012 cm−3 and 0.60 eV, respectively. It is compared with trap levels of 0.59, 0.42, and 0.37 eV obtained from an analysis of the photocurrent spectrum of t-Se NWs, which can be attributed to the deformation, OH- stretching mode, and CH- stretching mode, respectively.


showed a percentage of granumes of haemoglobin above the maximum limit for the blood of normal foxes. There were 1591 and 14.0 haemoglobin granmnes found in 100 cubic centimeters of the blood. Female fox nunber 5, table 6, on October 10, showed 14.6 haemoglobin grammes in 100 cubic centimeters of blood a number above the maximum normal limit. These amounts were above those in the blood of normal foxes, where the maximum limit is 13.5 haemoglobin grammes per 100 cubic centimeters of blood. Other than the findings to which attention has been drawn, the quantities of the various elements in the blood of foxes discussed in this paper were within the limits of those in the blood of normal foxes.


PURPOSE: A human body posture method and an apparatus thereof for using a chromatics camera and a TOF depth camera are provided to identify the posture of the human body in the efficient use of chromatics information. CONSTITUTION: An input module(101) captures the posture of the human body through a depth camera and a chromatics camera. A training module(103) builds an NNC(Nearest Neighbor Classifier). A feature extracting module(105) extracts the feature of the posture. A searching module(106) compares the extracted posture feature of the feature extraction module with the posture template through the NNC. An output module(107) performs re-designation about a virtual human body model.


By analyzing the existing nearest insertion method, a kind of reference point based near insertion approach (RPBNI) and its improvement version (I-RPBNI) with O(n~2) and O(n~3) polynomial time performances are proposed respectively to solve traveling salesman problem (TSP). Furthermore, an effective two-stage approach combining simulated annealing with I-RPBNI is proposed. Numerical simulations based on typical benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness, efficiency and robustness of the proposed approach.


: The present study evaluated the effect of selection for higher body weight (weight based selection = WBS) and egg numbers (egg based selection = EBS) on productivity, egg quality, and hatching traits of Japanese quail for three generations. From a base population of 1125 day-old chicks of Japanese quail, best performing families were allowed to propagate for getting next generation. WBS in G3 presented higher values of feed intake, egg weight, hatching weight. However, egg production and feed conversion ratio were better in EBS during G3. The incidence of embryonic mortality was also lower in the WBS line. In the 8th week egg quality traits differed in the EBS line, however, at the age of the 16th week, the WBS line during G3 revealed the better egg characteristic. Despite the lower egg production, the quails selected for higher 4th-week body weight had better egg quality than those selected for egg type line; hence, the selection for body weight is more beneficial and effective than the egg based selection.


This paper introduces a new variant of the one-to-many-to-one single vehicle pickup and delivery problems (SVPDP) that incorporates the handling cost incurred when rearranging the load at the customer locations. The simultaneous optimization of routing and handling costs is difficult, and the resulting loading patterns are hard to implement in practice. However, this option makes economical sense in contexts where the routing cost dominates the handling cost. We have proposed some simplified policies applicable to such contexts. The first is a two-phase heuristic in which the tour having minimum routing cost is initially determined by optimally solving an SVPDP, and the optimal handling policy is then determined for that tour. In addition, branch-and-cut algorithms based on integer linear programming formulations are proposed, in which routing and handling decisions are simultaneously optimized, but the handling decisions are restricted to three simplified policies. The formulations are strengthened by means of problem specific valid inequalities. The proposed methods have been extensively tested on instances involving up to 25 customers and hundreds of items. Our results show the impact of the handling aspect on the customer sequencing and indicate that the simplified handling policies favorably compare with the optimal one.


The condition of chronic heart failure often means an increasing need of institutional care caused by the severity of symptoms as fatigue and breathlessness. In this case-study, two interviews with an elderly woman were made at a 1-yr interval. A phenomenological hermeneutic method was used to interpret the interviews. The first narrative, recorded in the subject's home, showed a feeling of being at home in the body, in the room and with health care. In the second narrative, when the informant lived in a nursing home, a feeling of having no at-homeness, neither in the body, the room nor in the relation to the caregivers, was expressed. To deny a patient this place, or to promote a system that does not permit room for patients as whole persons, threatens patients' as well as caregivers' identity by conveying that there is no place for reflection upon the experience of illness.


Cooperative diversity techniques make a reduction in spectral efficiency despite of an increase in reliability. In this paper we propose a novel relaying protocol in a cooperative network with decode and forward (DF) relays to improve the spectral efficiency in addition to achieving full diversity order (maximum available reliability). The proposed protocol keeps the transmission rate fixed to the rate of point-to-point transmission and outperforms rather than conventional relaying protocols such as fixed, selection and incremental relaying protocols. The simulation results show the effectiveness of our method and confirm our claim.


This paper describes our system for humor ranking in tweets within the SemEval 2017 Task 6: #HashtagWars (6A and 6B). For both subtasks, we use an off-the-shelf gradient boosting model built on a rich set of features, handcrafted to provide the model with the external knowledge needed to better predict the humor in the text. The features capture various cultural references and specific humor patterns. Our system ranked 2nd (officially 7th) among 10 submissions on the Subtask A and 2nd among 9 submissions on the Subtask B.


This thesis presents measurements of the production of hot electrons during laser interactions in the irradiance range 10^{16} -10^{20} W cm^{−2} . This intensity regime is accessible with modest ultra-short lasers at ∼ 10^{16} Wcm^{−2} where resonance absorption dominates the electron acceleration. At the higher irradiances (10^{18} -10^{20} W cm^{−2}), petawatt class lasers are required where J × B electron accelera- tion occurs. Fast electron generation using the VULCAN Petawatt laser (irradiances ∼ 10^{20} W cm^{−2}) and the LASERIX facility (irradiances ∼ 10^{16} W cm^{−2}) have been investigated. Using the Vulcan Petawatt laser, with pulse duration of 1 - 2 ps at intensities greater than 10^{20} W cm^{−2}, electron energies up to 120 MeV with temperatures 20 - 30 MeV have been observed. A pre pulse was used to create an expanding plasma in which the high irradiance pulse was incident and the scale length of the pre pulse produced plasma was measured using optical probing. It was found that the number of hot electrons produced at 10^{20} W cm^{−2} linearly increases with the measured pre pulse plasma scale length indicating that the electron acceleration is dependent on the pre-pulse plasma volume. 2D PIC simulations are in agreement with experimentally measured temperatures, while 1D PIC simulations only agree for shorter scale length plasmas (L≤ 7.5 μm). Plasma channels are formed with longer scale length plasmas, but these channels do not result in greater acceleration of electrons as they are not sufficiently nar- row. The role of hot electrons in heating solid targets is experimentally examined and it is found that radiation effects on target heating when a pre pulse is present dominate over hot electron heating.


The weights of pavement performance indices, i.e., Pavement Surface Condition Index (PCI), Riding Quality Index (RQI), Rutting Depth Index (RDI), and Skid Resistance Index (SRI), in JTG H20-2007 (China Highway Performance Assessment Standards) cannot properly reflect the pavement performance status of expressways in Liaoning, northeast of China, where rutting and cracking are more serious than roughness. Therefore, a questionnaire was developed to collect the experiences of experts in Liaoning to gain the local weights for the four pavement performance indices based on the analytic hierarchy theory. The questionnaire adopts a modified table where the whole sequence of the four indices is determined according to importance, and then the detailed importance comparison between the adjacent indices is judged to solve the problem. Therefore, it is hard to pass the consistency checking for the pair wise comparison matrices. At last, the local weights of the four indices are determined by analyzing the results of sixteen valid questionnaires. It is shown that the pavement performance of Liaoning expressways is over evaluated when using JTG H20-2007.


The article examines measures to regulate the labor market of the Russian Federation under the conditions of sanctions. The labor market in the new conditions was influenced by a unique combination of diverse economic, political, and social factors. An important feature of the current labor market configuration is the uneven impact of the negative effects of sanctions pressure on various sectors of economy and, as a result, the strengthening of structural imbalances, labor shortages in some sectors and excess in others. Sanctions challenges for the Russian economy have necessitated the need for rapid and adequate support for labor market participants.The article considers legal, administrative and financial measures to support the labor market in new conditions. Measures aimed at stabilizing the labor market and employment are operational and comprehensive, constantly being supplemented as the situation develops. The measures introduced include both administrative and regulatory and financial instruments to support labor market participants, both employees and employers. Special attention is paid to the preservation of human resources in general, and in the field of information technology in particular, as well as the development of entrepreneurial potential of citizens of the Russian Federation. The author suggests maintaining the course of maintaining economic activity of labor market participants, primarily by easing regulatory restrictions and facilitating access to financial resources (subsidies, credit availability, government orders). When making decisions on measures to support the labor market, give preference to complex solutions with high multiplicative and synergistic effects in various areas of the economy and social sphere. In the short term, take measures to ensure supply in order to avoid shortages of goods, ensure price stability and maintain employment in the production and distribution sectors. In the medium term, the main focus should be on maintaining demand from the state, business and individuals (for example, expanding infrastructure projects, supporting housing construction, introducing food certificates for the poor, etc. comprehensive solutions). In the long term, to provide a foundation for the growth of high-tech jobs through the development of machine-tool and mechanical engineering, electronics manufacturing, and other high-tech industries. This growth can be achieved both through the import of technologies and through the support of their own developments. Broad and timely informing of employees and employers about the support measures taken is necessary.


In the room-temperature EXAFS spectrum of Rb in the Rb/K alloy, the sharp spectral features due to double photoexcitation are plainly visible from 40 eV above the K edge. The weak and short structural signal is attributed to the strong thermal disorder. A unique atomic absorption background of the Rb atoms in the solid alloy is extracted and compared to the pure atomic absorption, measured on the monatomic Rb vapor, as a direct test of the practical transferability of experimentally determined atomic absorption backgrounds.


For robots with joint elasticity, discrepancies exist between the motor side and the load side. Thus the load side (end-effector) performance can hardly be guaranteed with motor side measurements alone. In this paper, a computationally easy load side state estimation scheme is proposed for the robots with joint elasticity, which is equipped with motor encoders and a low-cost end-effector MEMS sensor such as 3-axial accelerometer. An optimization based inverse differential kinematics algorithm is developed to obtain the load side joint acceleration estimate. Then the joint position and velocity estimation problem is decoupled into simple 2-order kinematic Kalman filters for each joint. Maximum likelihood principle is utilized to estimate the fictitious noise covariances. Both offline and online solutions are derived. The extension to other sensor configurations is discussed as well. The effectiveness of the developed method is validated through simulation and experimental study on a 6-DOF industrial robot.


Let $\Gamma$ be a simple connected graph on $n$ vertices, and let $C$ be a code of length $n$ whose coordinates are indexed by the vertices of $\Gamma$. We say that $C$ is a \textit{storage code} on $\Gamma$ if for any codeword $c \in C$, one can recover the information on each coordinate of $c$ by accessing its neighbors in $\Gamma$. The main problem here is to construct high-rate storage codes on triangle-free graphs. In this paper, we solve an open problem posed by Barg and Z\'emor in 2022, showing that the BCH family of storage codes is of unit rate. Furthermore, we generalize the construction of the BCH family and obtain more storage codes of unit rate on triangle-free graphs.


Korean education is at the moment of breaking the closing door in the background of global-ization. Transnational education is an important approach to globalization of higher education in Korea. There are four modes of Korean transnational education: branch campuses, joint programs between universities, joint graduate school, and online education. Some problems need to be solved in the policies of transnational edu-cation, such as the administration of transnational education, education market, education equality, and edu-cation quality.


The buffalo milk due to its composition, especially in carbohydrates, present a favorable aptitude for theelaboration of arequipe. Its milky product yield is 40% superior to bovine milk. This investigation evaluatesthe variation of two neutralization levels (0.09 and 0.10% lactic acid) and three sweeteners percentage (25%sucrose; 22% sucrose and 30% inverted sugar; 20% sucrose and 30% sugar inverted) in the elaborationof buffalo milk arequipe. The panel selected treatment was to test the satisfaction degree by measurement total solid contents, humidity, ashes, protein, fat, viscosity, colour, mesophiles, fecal coliforms, mushrooms and yeasts and Staphylococcus, coagulase positives. It is stored to room temperature, and microbiologicalanalyses are carried for mushrooms and yeasts, organoleptic (sandiness) and physicochemical (solid totals and humidity) by ten days intervals during sixty days. The selected treatment, with a confidence level of95% is of 0.10% lactic acid, 20% sucrose and 30% inverted sugar. Arequipe presents total solid contents,humidity, ashes, protein and fat of 77.90 ± 0.04%; 22.10 ± 0.04%; 1.76 ± 0.09%; 9.85 ± 0.37% and7.95 ± 0.41% respectively; a pseudoplastic and thixotropic behavior. Arequipe elaborated, in agreementwith the microbiological analyses, comply with practical standards Colombian NTC 3757 of 1996 andconserves its microbiological, organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics until day fifty.


This study is to examine the role of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) in the Javan rhino population conservation efforts in Indonesia. Endangered Javan rhino population makes the WWF as an environmental organization that also address the issue of endangered species, participating in efforts to conserve this species. Researchers analyzed the various efforts made by the WWF conservation of Javan rhino populations in Indonesia so that the species can survive in their habitat. The research method used in this study is the author of qualitative methods, aims to describe the facts relating to the problem under study. Most of the data collected through library research, online data retrieval, documentation, interviews and observations. The data was then analyzed with theoretical approaches associated with theories of International Relations such as the International Organizations Role Theory, and International Cooperation. The results showed that the WWF has done his role as international organizations in dealing with the extinction of the Javan Rhino. Javan rhino population conservation programs that have been carried out by WWF in Indonesia has resulted in an increase in member javan rhino population. Thus, an important role in the conservation of WWF Indonesia's Javan rhino population.


This paper considers some of the common assumptions and engineering rules of thumb used in life support system design. One general design rule is that the longer the mission, the more the life support system should use recycling and regenerable technologies. A more specific rule is that, if the system grows more than half the food, the food plants will supply all the oxygen needed for the crew life support. There are many such design rules that help in planning the analysis of life support systems and in checking results. These rules are typically if-then statements describing the results of steady-state, "back of the envelope," mass flow calculations. They are useful in identifying plausible candidate life support system designs and in rough allocations between resupply and resource recovery. Life support system designers should always review the design rules and make quick steady state calculations before doing detailed design and dynamic simulation. This paper develops the basis for the different assumptions and design rules and discusses how they should be used. We start top-down, with the highest level requirement to sustain human beings in a closed environment off Earth. We consider the crew needs for air, water, and food. We then discuss atmosphere leakage and recycling losses. The needs to support the crew and to make up losses define the fundamental life support system requirements. We consider the trade-offs between resupplying and recycling oxygen, water, and food. The specific choices between resupply and recycling are determined by mission duration, presence of in-situ resources, etc., and are defining parameters of life support system design.


Device for mounting the inner casing shell of a turbomachine of multishell construction so that it is axially fixed and radially displaceable and is centered with respect to the outer casing of the turbomachine includes an annular col lar located on an annular shoulder formed at the inner periphery of the outer casing for holding the inner shell radi ally displaceably centered and steamtight, a ring member slidable over the outer periphery of the inner shell from one side of the annular collar facing the steam exhaust side of the turbomachine so as to axially fix the annular collar against dis placement by steam pressure from the other side of the annu lar collar which faces the steam inlet side of the turbomachine, the ring member being anchored to the outer casing, the inner periphery of the outer casing being formed with an annular groove axially adjacent the one side of the annular collar, a closed holder ring having a plurality of axially extending divi sions therein and comprising a plurality of ring parts radially insertable in the annular groove and form-lockingly assembla ble into the closed holder ring so that a face area thereof abuts the annular collar and fixes the inner shell against axial dis placement, and a support ring at least partly overlapping the inner periphery of the holder ring for fixing the latter against radial displacement,


Review(s) of: What did you do during the war? The last throes of the British Pro-Nazi right, 1940-45, by Richard Griffiths, (London, Routledge, 2017), pp. 358, AU $46.99 paper.


The utility model discloses a low-noise stepwise pressure-reducing flow-control valve, wherein a valve seat is arranged in a valve body, a throttle-valve plate is welded at the bottom end of a window-type sleeve and positioned on the top surface of the valve seat, a valve core is positioned in the window-type sleeve, the open end of the valve core is abutted against the inclined surface of the valve seat, a sealing retainer ring, a shaft sealing ring and a pressure plate are sequentially arranged on a step on the top surface of the valve core, the open end of a valve cover is sleeved in the open end of the valve body and abutted against the top surface of the window-type sleeve, a middle-cavity metal sealing ring is arranged between the valve body and the valve cover, a middle flange is sleeved on the outer ring of the valve cover and fixed on the valve body, a pressure ring is arranged between the middle flange and the valve body, one end of a valve rod is connected with the valve core, the other end of the valve rod penetrates out of a through hole on the top surface of the valve cover, a packing pad and a packing are arranged between the valve rod and the through hole on the top surface of the valve cover, a packing pressure cover and a packing pressure plate are sleeved in the top end of the valve rod, and the packing pressure plate is fixed on the top surface of the valve cover through a bolt. The defects of the traditional control valve are overcome by the flow-control valve, the low-noise stepwise pressure-reducing flow-control valve has the characteristics of low noise, cavitation prevention, steam-corrosion prevention and scouring prevention, the safety performance of a pipeline system is improved, and the maintenance cost of the pipeline system is lowered.


Article is based on ethno-sociological survey conducted by the author in the Orenburg region in 2010-2013. Its task was to study purpose representatives of German nationality to migrate to Germany. This study is relevant at the present stage, as begun in the 1990s departure of the Germans from the region do not stop until today.


An observation and control system based on SCM(single-chip microcontroller)is designed.The measurement and control system of the DC motor based on SCM is consist of single-chip microcontroller constitutes,which is the core in the system,keyboard function module,demonstration module,motor-driven electric circuit,direct current machine and so on.The PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) technology is adopted to carry on the control to the electrical machinery in the research and the precise velocity modulation is achieved through the computation of duty factor.


The book under review here consists largely of articles appearing in various journals between 2000 and 2003 in response to the publication of Alexander Wendt's Social Theory of International Politics (STIP). Three chapters, however, are new. Two, by Drulak and Sarvary, bring the collection up to Wendt's 2003 article on the world state (WS). The final chapter is a response by Wendt. His response in terms of STIP is fairly limited: Wendt is reasonably satisfied with what he did. However, the critiques in particular and the exchange are valuable guides to some significant issues in IR theory and in the philosophies of science and of social science. As well, there are some substantial suggestions that would contribute notably to IR theory, whether or not they would be acceptable to Wendt. Wendt's response goes well beyond a simple reply to his critics, however, instead presenting a far more audacious approach based on a quantum theory of consciousness. Erik Ringmar argued in 1997 that there were two Wendts: the first focused on structurationism and scientific realism as ways of thinking about IR, while the second left scientific realism for constructivism, and applied that to IR theory. Writing before STIP was published, Ringmar was mistaken about the fate of scientific realism in Wendt's thought, and there are clear elements of agent–structure thinking remaining in STIP and its associated articles (e.g. 'Anarchy', 'Collective Identity Formation' and WS). Strategic choices made by Wendt in STIP, resulting in his strong emphasis on the state and the international system, mark an apparent shift in his thinking that sets him at odds with the other contributors in this volume. There now seems to be a third Wendt emerging, flagged most clearly in his turn to quantum theory, but also seen in his argument for the state as a person (SP), a theme that his quantum consciousness approach would support. But there are also continuities. These include his adoption of scientific realism, the central role of the state and, possibly, the teleological mode of


Photograph of James Allen / Dynamite J taken 02/17/2013 in the Burger Conference room in Swem Library by Kevin Kosanovich


This study discusses studying the marketing mix of the decision to purchase insurance products at PT. Prudential Life Assurance Area Jakarta and to find information about marketing based on simultaneous decisions on purchasing insurance products at PT. Prudential Life Assurance Area Jakarta and find out the very dominant variable on the decision to purchase insurance products at PT. Prudential Life Assurance Area Jakarta. The analytical method used in this research is to use the multiple regression analysis method. The results showed that the product, price, promotion, people, and process variables together and also partially had a significant influence on purchasing decisions for Prudencial products in Jakarta. The dominant dominant variable in the purchase decision is the price and promotion variable.


Mark Monmonier's book describes the changes in the ways that meteorologists have represented atmospheric conditions affecting the weather on maps and charts in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It traces, in the author's words,"the evolution of the weather map from simple hand-drawn plots of temperature, pressure and wind direction to a varied menu of customized displays" (p. x), such as one finds in newspapers like USA Today, on the weather channel, and on dedicated websites. These changes have been pushed predominantly by meteorologists wishing to place weather forecasting on a systematic and scientific basis. The Bergen school, led by physicist Vilhelm Bjerknes (1862–1951), was crucial to this development. Bjerknes pioneered the use of hydrodynamic theories in the explanation of atmospheric phenomena. After World War II, with the availability of extremely powerful computers, complex multiparametric mathematical models were developed to predict the evolution of atmospheric phenomena over several days. On the demand side the military has, of course, been an important user of weather forecasts. In the nineteenth century, storm warnings were also T E C H N O L O G Y A N D C U L T U R E


This study aimed to investigate the reproductive biology of codlet Bregmaceros lanceolatus in coastal waters off southwestern Taiwan. A total of 2,143 specimens (1,606 females and 537 males) were collected monthly between October 2005 and September 2006 at Jhong-Yun fishing port, southwestern Taiwan. By means of histological examination, the oocyte development can be clearly categorized into eight stages while the ovary development into three stages. Based on the macroscopic appearance, histological examination of ovary, estimations of gonadosomatic index (GSI) suggest that its spawning period occurs throughout the year and peaks in November and June-July. Mean batch fecundity of codlets was estimated to be 2,750 ± 1,257. Batch fecundity (BF) increased with the body weight (BW) with an established equation as BF = 605 × BW + 1087 (n = 34, r^2 = 0.31, p < 0.05). Sex ratio (females/total) was significantly different from 50% (χ^2, p < 0.05), and skewed to female when their standard length (SL) larger than 56 mm. Sizes at 50% maturity (L_(50)) were estimated to be 68.37 mm and 51.67 mm SL for female and male, respectively.


In the last years, a lack of trust in multi-lateral agreements has been rising, in part because of the absence of a global legally binding environmental regime, since the end of the Kyoto Protocol. The urban climate governance arena has been emerging as a much more promising scenario for climate action. Municipalities have been setting an ambitious climate agenda, planning for climate mitigation and adaptation at the local level in order to build resilient communities. This has been possible also thanks to the collaboration of municipal bodies with new, emerging non-state actors, such as bridging organizations. The role of these stakeholders has still not been defined, mapped, or institutionalized. This thesis aims to examine the role Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF) is playing in the urban climate governance arena, finally providing recommendations to three audiences: namely WWF, municipalities and researchers. After producing a comprehensive literature review matrix, twenty-four interviews were carried out with relevant stakeholders, guided by pre-selected key themes derived from the literature streams. The qualitative data obtained from these semi-structured interviews were synthesized through an integrated analytical framework, built on both stakeholder mapping and middle-out theory. The key findings of this thesis have led both to a practical and theoretical contribution, by identifying WWF as a bridging organization and by contributing to an in-depth analysis of this new emerging stakeholder role. (Less)


This book presents a series of 23 case studies which provide the reader with a succinct and focused overview of the management of prostatic disorders. The cases have been selected by a panel of internationally acclaimed experts and are designed to act as a self-examination resource, as a preparation manual for all trainee urologists preparing for higher professional examinations, and as a series of guidelines on treatment for practising clinicians in this complex specialty.


The deterioration of global ecological environment results in the frequency and intensity of natural disasters, and many factors such as GDP, interest rate level, fiscal and monetary policy indirectly affect the development of agricultural insurance market. To analyze the operating efficiency and effect of insurance institutions, we should first make clear the current situation and characteristics of the natural environment, policy environment, social environment and technical environment in which insurance institutions operate agricultural insurance business, and analyze the current situation of natural environment and economic environment respectively according to the characteristics of agricultural production. It is the premise and basis of analyzing the strategic planning and operating efficiency of agricultural insurance companies to make clear the external environment of agricultural insurance companies.


Continuous dry powder inhaler arrangement is disclosed, this arrangement is breathing by using deep or upper lung airways premeasured doses on such exchangeable dosing member such as a cassette for administering the drug and a medicament powder. This inhaler provides an apparatus (8) provided with a case having a sliding lid (17), the lid of the sliding may be set to an open position to expose the mouthpiece (19). In addition, this arrangement includes a dose counter (18b / 18c) and the cassette counter (34). When the lid (17) is in the open state, the apparatus is a suction through the mouthpiece (19) which is exposed, ready for feeding a medicament powder preparation already pre-metered dose is equipped. These agents powders have been advance dosed before the medicament powder and, carried on the replaceable dispensing means. Exchangeable dosing member described above, carries a sequentially accessible multiple dosage, and these dosages, the powder in the entire effective during use, controlled state of the dosing member It is sealed to maintain the storage. When the suction operation is performed, the cassette carrying the selected the dose is released in a state of lateral movement in the drive spring by which, in order to the nozzle of the suction tube is accessing the powder, the protective foil It is cut open. This movement of the cassette, the brake arrangement, continuously feeding time of the powder is adjusted to the speed such that the time that is controlled in the order of from 0.5 to 5 seconds. Exchangeable dispensing means described above provide a deposition dry medicament powder multiple pre-metered doses.


ABSTRACT THIS paper presents the theoretical aspects of the mechanics of impact of a falling fruit on soft cushioned surfaces. A simple graphical procedure follows the proposed solution for selecting an appropriate cushioning material for a fruit catching platform. Experimental results are provided to verify the theo-retical solution for the case of some selected fruits such as apples. For this verification, the mechanical proper-ties of the fruit and the cushioning materials were needed to be determined under both static and impact conditions.


OBJECTIVE:To discuss the contradictions existing during the time when a drugstore pharmacist is doing his duty.METHOD:The existing contradictions were analyzed.RESULTSCONCLUSIONS:Pharmacists should be educated to solve the contradictions and strengthen propaganda;The evaluating system should be strictly enforced,and the registered pharmacists should be strictly evaluated;Surveillance should be strengthened and the regular supervising system should be established.


The invention provides an oil supplementing and flushing hydraulic system for a closed hydraulic driving loop of a multi-shaft engineering machinery, which comprises a closed hydraulic motor, first and second throttling orifices, first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth oil ways, a one-way replenishing valve, a pressure alarm switch, an electric fan cooler, first, second and third one-way valves, a gear pump, an energy accumulator, a closed hydraulic pump, a prime motor, a filter and an overflow valve. Compared with a conventional structure, the system ensures that the pressure on the low pressure side is still not lower than the value of a reversing spring of the one-way replenishing valve when the low pressure side in the closed loop is under the limited condition of excessive leakage through the reversing spring of the one-way replenishing valve, the energy accumulator and the one-way valve and can performing flushing and cooling on the pump and the motor by using cold hydraulic oil and control the maximum flushing flow of the pump and the motor by the throttling orifices so as to improve the working efficiency and fault tolerance and safety of the system.


Summary The aim of this work is to study the production of extracellular lipase by Mucor griseocyanus 55.1.1 strain on different substrates in order to select the ideal one for lipase synthesis. The carbon sources used were: olive oil, glycerol, coconut oil, sunflower oil, glucose, starch and sucrose. The obtained results indicate that the synthesis of the enzyme was possible in the presence of all substrates. Lipase activities in the range of 0.04 to 0.1 IU/mL were obtained. It was found that the most suitable carbon source for the production of the enzyme was a combination of coconut oil and sucrose at 0.5 and 1.5 % (m/V), respectively, and the level of activity reached under this condition was 0.113 IU/mL. The optimum pH and temperature for enzymatic extract activities were identified in a pH range of 4 to 6 and at a temperature of 60 °C. Enzymatic extract was stable for a period o f5hi nneutral and weakly acidic media (pH=6) at moderate temperatures between 20 and 40 °C. Studies on the catalytic properties (stereoselectivity and enantioselectivity) of the immobilized lipase using the esters of methyl phenyl glycinic and (R,S)-methyl mandelic acid showed excellent properties of the enzyme compared to commercial lipases tested. M. griseocyanus lipase exhibited a greater stereoselectivity towards the R-isomer of methyl phenyl glycinic acid ester. However, with the esters of methyl mandelic acid, the enzyme showed a certain preference toward the S-isomer and it was hydrolysed 20 times faster than the R-isomer.


Although researchers often use top websites rankings for web measurements, recent studies have shown that due to the inherent properties and susceptibility to manipulation of these rankings, they potentially have a large and unknown influence on research results and conclusions. As a response, we provide Tranco [8], a research-oriented approach for aggregating these rankings transparently and reproducibly. We analyze the long-term properties of the Tranco ranking and determine whether it contains a balanced set of domains. We compute how well Tranco captures websites that are responsive, regularly visited and benign. Through one year of rankings, we also examine how the default parameters of Tranco create a stable, robust and comprehensive ranking. Through our evaluation, we provide an understanding of the characteristics of Tranco that are important for research and of the impact of parameters on the ranking composition. This informs researchers who want to use Tranco in a sound and reproducible manner.


Interactions among organisms can be defined by two main features: a quantitative component (i.e. frequency of occurrence) and a qualitative component (i.e. success of the interaction). Measuring properly these two components at the community level, can provide a good estimate of the ecosystem functions mediated by biotic interactions. Although this approach has been frequently applied to evaluate the eco-evolutionary consequences of mutualistic relationships, it has never been extended to the predation function and the associated pest control ecosystem service. Here, we introduce a simple measure that accounts for the quantitative and the qualitative components of predation interactions, and facilitates a precise characterization of this ecosystem function at the community level, while accounting for variations at species and individual levels. This measure arises as a fine indicator of predation pressure, and provides great opportunities to better understand how different components of predation and pest control potential vary across environmental gradients.


Objectives. This study presents a detailed analysis of risk factors for surgical morbidity and data on long-term results for intramedullary tumors. Design. Analysis of treatment results from 1980 to 2013 based on the spinal cord database established in 1991. Data prior to 1991 were collected retrospectively. Since 1991 subsequent patients were included continuously. Subjects. 278 patients presented with intramedullary tumors, 225 of them underwent 246 operations for treatment of 250 tumors. Mean age was 41  17 years (range, 3 weeks to 83 years). Methods. Clinical courses were documented with a score system for individual symptoms after 3 and 12 months. Long-term outcomes were analyzed with Kaplan–Meier statistics. Tumors were subdivided into displacing tumors (type A: n  162), infiltrating tumors (type B: n  80) and non-proliferating tumors (type C: n  8). Participating surgeons were divided in three groups according to the number of performed operations. Results. Mean follow-up was 41  53 months. 83.3% of group A tumors underwent GTR compared to 22.5% of group B and none in group C. GTR rates increased throughout the study period and correlated significantly with surgical experience. 61% of patients demonstrated a worse neurological state after surgery. This deterioration was transient for 41.5%. Permanent morbidity (19.5%) was lowest after GTR and correlated significantly with surgical experience and the preoperative neurological state. Patients with tumors of thoracic levels, tumor hemorrhages, malignant and recurrent tumors were at a higher risk for permanent morbidity. In the long term, tumor recurrence rates for ependymomas and benign astrocytomas correlated significantly with the amount of resection. Conclusions. Intramedullary tumors should be operated as soon as neurological symptoms appear. GTR is possible for the majority of benign pathologies. Cervical tumors are associated with higher GTR and lower permanent morbidity rates compared to thoracic tumors. Surgery on intramedullary tumors should be performed by neurosurgeons who deal with these lesions on a regular basis as considerable experience is required to achieve high GTR rates and to limit rates of permanent morbidity.


An edible lipid-chitosan film forming dispersion (FFD) was developed to delay ripening of guava. Four percent (v/v) of palm stearin (PS) and palm kernel olein (PKOo) in ratios of 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 were added to a chitosan solution base and applied on guava by dipping technique. Surface appearance, weight loss, firmness, carbon dioxide, oxygen and ethylene concentrations were evaluated every 3 days during 31 days of storage at chilled temperature (5±2 °C). An application of FFD on guava significantly (p <0.05) delayed chilling injury, reduced weight loss, maintained firmness, slowed down respiration and ethylene production as compared to uncoated guavas. PS:PKOo (75:25) coating was able to form compatible blends and showed good moisture and gas barrier properties when applied on guava surface, resulting in increased postharvest life of guava.


Working capital policies and practices vary from firm to firm which leads to variation in profitability. Using ratio, statistical and multinomial regression analyses techniques and secondary data f...


BACKGROUND
Carbon 13-labeled magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((13)C-MRS) with [(1-13)C]-glucose administration, the (13)C atom that behaves as a radio inactive tracer in the brain, can differentiate aerobic and anaerobic glucose metabolism by detecting [(4-13)C]-glutamate (Glu C4) and [(3-13)C]-lactate (Lac C3).

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the cerebral metabolic derangement resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction in mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes (MELAS).

DESIGN
Application of a new (13)C-MRS technique to a patient with MELAS compared with control subjects (n = 7).

PATIENT
A 19-year-old woman with an A3243G mitochondrial mutation who underwent (13)C-MRS for 30 minutes after oral administration of [(1-13)C]-glucose (0.75 g/kg).

RESULT
Decreased Glu C4-labeling (P<.001) and increased Lac C3 synthesis (>2 SDs) compared with controls were demonstrated in the patient with MELAS.

CONCLUSIONS
This first report on (13)C-MRS observation of cerebral glucose metabolism in a patient with MELAS demonstrated the presence of low glutamate production via the tricarboxylic acid cycle compared with high lactate synthesis by glycolysis. The present findings suggest that the clinical use of (13)C-MRS can be extended to diagnose mitochondrial dysfunction and monitor cerebral glucose metabolism in a variety of mitochondrial disorders.


The utility model discloses an interphase range extender for overhead conductors. The interphase range extender comprises a fulcrum bar and conductor clamps; two ends of the fulcrum bar are respectively provided with one conductor clamp; the conductor clamp comprises a fixed snap ring and a movable snap ring; two ends of the fulcrum bar are respectively provided with a thread rod; the base of the fixed snap ring and the thread rod are screwed by threads; moreover, the end part of the thread rod and the movable snap ring are connected; and the internal ring surfaces of the fixed snap ring and the movable snap ring are arc. The interphase range extender for overhead conductors uses the fulcrum bar to extend and enlarge the interphase range of the phase conductors to a safe distance in which rods can be erected vertically under electrification, thus realizing the purpose of implementing power construction without stopping the power, and improving the economic benefits of electrical enterprises.


Modelling of mechanical tensions in multi-layered structures taking into consideration the thickness of adhesive layers is carried out in this work. Modelling of tension-deformation conditions in multilayered structures makes it possible to forecast the reliability of multi-layered junctions in integrated circuits. Using the proposed model, it is possible to predict scaling of materials, appearance of cracks and increased structural defects.


CLINICAL DATA9-year-and-6-month child, 37.4 kg, female, from Colombia,Sao Paulo State. She did not present signs or symptoms -aside from the ignored complaint to the family of a "sensationof chest tightness" that improved with deep breathing. In aroutine medical consultation (after patient came down withtonsillitis) irregular cardiac auscultation was revealed, andan echocardiogram was requested, revealing congenital heartdisease with pulmonary hyperflow.Her physical examination upon admission into ourpractice was relatively normal; she presented with goodgeneral condition, eutrophic, afebrile and acyanotic. Wenoticed only regular heart rhythm without murmurs, withfixed doubling of second heart sound (more audible at apulmonary focus).ELECTROCARDIOGRAMSinus rhythm, heart beat of 88 bpm, SÂP 0°, SÂQRS+120°, PR 160s, QRS 80s. Right ventricle overload (RV),right QRS axis deviation at V1 and notched R-wave with13mm amplitude (Figure 1).RADIOGRAMVisceral


Rectal analgesia as introduced by Dr. J. T. Gwathmey and perfected at the New York Lying-In Hospital has become generally accepted as a valuable analgesic in labor. However, it seemed desirable to simplify the technic of administration of the rectal medication, and by so doing make the procedure even more popular. The apparatus needed for the rectal instillation according to the original technic was a funnel and a catheter. The gravity flow through this apparatus was often too slow, so that it was frequently necessary to accelerate the rate of flow by "milking" the tube between the thumb and the fingers. This sometimes caused spilling and loss of part of the medication and was a bit mussy and troublesome. The new apparatus worked out at the Coleman Hospital for Women, in conjunction with the Eli Lilly Company of Indianapolis, overcomes this disadvantage. In the accompanying illustration A is an ordinary


Introduction: The more competitive balance is among teams comprising league, the harder predicting the games is, resulting in more attractive league. An attractive competition leads to selling more tickets, more capitalizing on TV broadcast and attracting more and better sponsors. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate changes of competitive balance in Iran pro league from 1995 to 2010. Data are secondary derived from the final tables of 1995-2010. Methodology: Data analysis was based on C5ICB index. The more C5ICB is, the less balanced league is. Therefore, C5ICB is inversely related to competitive balance. Results and conclusions: For easier analysis, the findings of research have been presented as 3 five year periods; First five years (1995-2000): 128, second five years (2000-2005): 131, third five years (2005-2010): 129.6. It had the most balance in first five years.. Sever competition leads to high quality of league and function of teams. Iranian national team's entrance to 1998 world competitions can be one of consequences of high balance in league then. C5ICB demonstrates least balance in second five years. In this period, there was no success in national team nor clubs. Competitive balance of recent period has increased in comparison to previous period. In this period, four teams were champions. Entrance of 2 teams from Isfahan, 1 team from Kerman and only 1 team from Tehran to competitions of Asian champion league shows vanishing traditional state (bipolar) of football in Iran (concentrated in Tehran) and developing rapidly in all parts of Iran. These cities are industrial and profit from financial support of industrial sectors. But this is suitable in short term and some clubs don't have such financial support so can't compete with industrial clubs and afford their expenses. In fact, professionalism is financial independence. In Iran, football clubs receive no money from TV broadcast so running them privately is difficult. If a budget is provided by governmental or industrial sector for clubs, it must be delivered to a governmental institution consequently distributed among all clubs. Then all clubs can use financial resources devoted to them.


The vidian nerve is formed by the union of postsynaptic parasympathetic fibres and presynaptic sympathetic fibres. It is thought that vidian neurectomy can inhibit excessive activity of the parasympathetic system by interrupting cholinergic innervation to the nasal mucosa. Recent advances in endoscopic sinus surgery have led to a better understanding of the anatomy of the nose and the sinuses, and with improved visualisation and instrumentation, several innovative techniques have been described replacing the headlight or the operating microscope with endoscopes. The traditional approaches for vidian neurectomy have thus been largely abandoned, in favour of the endoscopic approach that is minimally invasive and does not require a Caldwell-Luc operation or external incisions. In this article, we describe our surgical algorithm for vidian neurectomy based on preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans. In our humble opinion, the surgical approach should be varied depending on the individual type of vidian canal instead of the unitary approach.


An algorithm for estimating the model parameters and structure in a multivariable, input/output system is developed in this paper. It is based on the canonical, state-space representation by Guidorzi and an extension of Bierman's UD factorization algorithm. The algorithm is easy to interpret, straightforward to implement and also possesses excellent numerical properties.


The goal of this paper was to estimate how changes in the market prices of protein-rich and energy-rich crops impact the prices of pig and poultry feeds in Finland. A first-differenced AR1 model was estimated to explain how changes in soybean meal, wheat and rapeseed prices were transmitted to pig and poultry feed prices. Changes in cereal, soybean meal and rapeseed prices were transmitted to pig and poultry feed prices with a delay of 2 to 6 months. Cereal prices had a larger impact on feed prices than soybean meal prices.


Soybean seeds consist of a lot of necessary nutrients for health, they are considered a complete source of protein andvegetable lipids for the human body. In this study, six soybean varieties (DT22, Coc Chum B, black soybean, Kwangan, Cuc Ha Bac and DT84) were evaluated for total protein, lipids contents and acid and iodine indexes. Total protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method. Oil was extracted from mature seeds using the Soxhlet system with diethyl ether solvent. The results showed that levels of total protein and lipids are relatively high in tested soybean varieties. The total protein content ranged from 29.36 to 37.32%, and lipids ranged from 19.8 to 21.2%. The free acid index was from 0.12 to 1.69 mg KOH/g, the iodine value was about 52.43 to 68.64 g I2/100 g. Varieties with high protein content were black soybean and Cuc Ha Bac. Nutritionally, these varieties are all sources of high nutritional value in providing protein and essential fatty acids for humans.


A bid to break the current deadlock over plans to modernise the General Medical Council, the regulatory body for doctors in the United Kingdom, was made this week, with a radical new proposal for a reformed GMC comprising a single statutory body of 35 members.

The proposal, from the Joint Consultants Committee, was set out at the GMC's special consultative conference by Mr Jim Johnson, the committee's chairman. …


One of the important aspects in the study of wireless communication is channel modeling that is based on wave propagation theory and empirical measurements models. Most of the common undergraduate curricula address only theoretical aspects of wireless channels, while the related laboratory experiments concentrate on advanced digital modulation techniques and deal with topics such as pilot‐based channel estimation and equalization in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation. In this paper, it is shown that some fundamental channel properties may be reproduced with laboratory experiments that require only a basic knowledge of communication principles, such as baseband and bandpass notation. These experiments can be carried out with affordable software‐defined radios, which have recently become extremely popular in the teaching of communication. Such experiments may enhance the teaching with hands‐on measurements of practical channels, while reinforcing the understanding of probability and random processes theory.


Collections from freshwater habitats of un- described Ophioceras-like pyrenomycetes with scole- cosporous ascospores were characterized using mor- phological characters, restriction analysis of PCR am- plified rDNA, and 18S rDNA sequences. Five species of Ophioceras were resolved and one species was ex- cluded from the genus. Parsimony analysis of mor- phological characters did not resolve relationships among species of Ophioceras and Pseudohalonectria, two closely related freshwater genera. Based on phy- logenetic analysis of partial 18S rDNA sequences, spe- cies of Pseudohalonectria form a sister clade to Ophi- oceras thereby supporting the integrity but close re- lationship of these two freshwater genera. Gaeuman- nomyces graminis falls within the Ophioceras/ Pseudohalonectria clade and is a sister taxon to a spe-


An analysis of the Israeli High Court decision Anonymous v. Israel (June 11, 2008), which follows the court's famous Targeted Killings decision and attempts to apply some of its findings to the context of the detention of so-called "enemy combatants". The judgment is reviewed with special focus on the merits' compatibility with the legal regime regarding occupation set up by the Geneva Conventions.


Background: Rheumatoid arthritis affects the patient's perception of his/her owns body. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between body image, feeling of loneliness and suicidal thoughts among elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Design: A descriptive correlational design was utilized to achieve the aims of the study. Setting: This study was conducted at the outpatient's clinics of Dr/ Hassan Awad (Health Insurance) Benha City. Sample: A convenience sample type of 120 elderly people with rheumatoid arthritis from rheumatology clinic at the previously mentioned setting. The tools of data collection: Were interview questionnaire about socio demographic and disease characteristics of the subjects, interviewing questionnaire sheet to examine patient's perception to their body image, Loneliness Scale to examine the level of loneliness, Suicidal Thought Scale to evaluate patient suicidal thoughts. Results: Near to one third of the studied subjects had high level of body image, less than half of the studied patients had high level of loneliness and the minority of the studied patients had suicidal thoughts. Conclusion: The studied patients had disturbed body image, high level of loneliness. There was a positive highly statistically significant correlation between total score of body image with total score of feeling loneliness and total score of suicidal thoughts. Recommendations: Patients' education should be aimed at strengthening body image and social life, the need to target interventions not only to patients but also to their family members and health professionals to recognize disturbed body image and feeling of loneliness.


The cockpit design philosophy of light aircraft has been changed because the high developed up-to-date digital on-board system applications support the flight, the navigation and the engine parameters are integrated and monitor simultaneously. Evidently, the biggest advantage of the on-board integration is save weight because only one data box is enough to install into the panel without many separated instruments. In addition, the on-board system can be automated and combined EFISEMS and NAV-COM functions the result is unambiguous to increase the flight safety in GAT sector.


This paper demonstrates application of multiport analysis technique to a hexagonal patch antenna.  The multiport analysis technique  is  applied  to  construct  a  lumped  element circuit  model of a hexagonal patch antenna.  FEM simulation of the hexagonal patch is also performed and the e?ect of varying  patch  dimension is observed. The  results  show  that  a  basic  hexagonal  patch  structure results  in patch size reduction compared to rectangular patch for the same center frequency.


This paper inspects thought development of relativity theory from the viewpoint of scientific thought history, inquires philosophical inspiration function of empiricism and operatism during the process of constructing special relativity, and reconsiders the logical-historical relation between Mach's principle and general relativity thought, analyses the process of constructing general relativity by the trial-error method, discusses dialectical relation between relative space-time and absolute space-time in relativity space-time viewpoint from a new angle of view.


Background: Family caregivers of post-stroke patients face ma ny challenges that may result in depressive symptoms and ineffective care performance. This gen erates a negative correlation spiral related to the quality of life for both family caregivers and patients. Exami ning factors related to depressive symptoms among f amily caregivers is necessary to develop effective care a nd education programs. Objective: The study aimed to identify the contradictions, s imilarity, and uncovered factors related to depressive symptoms scores among family caregivers through comparison of examined variables. Methodology: A literature search from December 1988 to March 2 016 was carried out using CINAHL and PubMed databases. The initial search found 84 artic les. After eliminating duplicates and screening bas ed on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 articles were reviewed. Results: Three main factors found were: (1) contradictory factors which included gender, family relationship status, and depressive symptoms scores between care givers and stroke patients, (2) Similarity factors which included race, age, caregiving burden of family car egivers, functional status of stroke patient, and ( 3) uncovered factors which included the role of nurses, spiritua l value, knowledge of depressive symptoms, conduc ive living environment, and types of family structure. Conclusions: The contradictions of findings and uncovered fact ors observed be used as evidence for subsequent investigations. Gender, the different roles of family, relationship , and the severity of stroke should be considered in identifying depressive symptoms among family car egivers in the early stages during hospitalization. Nurses have an important role to identify depressive sympt o s because of their active role and greater intera ction with family caregivers compared with other health profes sionals. Implication for nursing and health policy: The study findings highlights the important factors to consider and use in developing health policy related to family e ducation program and early screening for depressive symptoms to reduce and prevent depressive symptoms among family caregivers.


The primary objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of second generation (depowered) airbags (1998 model years and later) in reducing driver fatalities inusevere frontal crashes. The analysis focused on front-to-front crashes involving belted drivers in light vehicles. US fatal accident data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS, 1998-2007) for frontal (head-on) two-vehicle (car-to-car, car-to-truck and truck-to-truck) crashes were analyzed. To select vehicles equipped with second-generation airbags, at least one (the subject) vehicle in each crash was model year 1998 or later. A matched-pair analysis was used to create driver pairs from the subject and the other vehicles in each crash, where the belted driver of the other vehicle was killed as a result of the accident. The high severity of the accidents was ensured by selecting records with fatal drivers in the opposite vehicle. About 3,000 fatal crashes were examined to study the influence of airbag deployment on the likelihood of fatality to belted drivers. Logistic regression was used to control for otherupotential confounding factors including mass ratio of the two vehicles, driver age, and driver alcohol presence. In addition, the longitudinal delta-V distribution for the studied frontalucollisions, risk of serious (MAIS 3-6/fatal) injury by delta-V, and airbag deployment rates by delta-V were studied using the National Automotive Sampling System/Crashworthiness DatauSystem (NASS/CDS) data for the years 1997-2007. Field data on high severity frontal crashes involving depowered airbags indicates that airbag deployment is not a statistically significant predictor influencing the likelihood of driver fatality. Other factors, including mass ratio of the two vehicles in a crash, driver age, and alcohol were found to be significant predictors of the odds of fatality. The fatal crashes studied where airbag deployment was not significant were crashes with an average delta-V of about 35 mph (56 kmh). About 67% of these crashes were with delta-V greater than 30 mph (48 kmh) and 24% were with delta-V of 20-30 mph (32-48 kmh). Analysis of airbag deployment by delta-V shows that, even in high delta-V crashes (overu25 mph, or 40 kmh), about 5% of airbags did not deploy. For the covering abstract see ITRD E143807.


Background: People with chronic illnesses such as HIV infection face many health status outcomes in the correctional settings. The current study aimed at investigating multiple determinants of HIV medication adherence among patients with HIV. Methods: Focus group discussion (FGD) was conducted on inmates of Ghezel-hesar Prison in Karaj, Alborz province, Iran, to investigate the barriers and facilitators of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in January 2015. The purposive sampling method was employed to recruit seven male prisoners with HIV infection. Results: Participants reported illegal drug use, poor education in HIV treatment, side-effects of antiretroviral drugs, treatment interruption, drug interferences, fear of hangover, poor diet, poor socioeconomic background, hopelessness, depression, not believing in the treatment, rejection and lack of social support, stigma, compulsory rest in the yard, lack of tendency toward visiting psychiatrists, lack of familial support, forgetfulness, and not receiving complementary drugs as the barriers to adherence to ART. In addition, the facilitators were physician-patient good relationship, physician's compassion, counseling services for the patients, education of patients regarding HIV treatment necessities, peer education, informing patients about their CD4 levels, education of correctional staff to show courtesy in the treatment of patients, timely methadone therapy, and improved diet. Conclusions: Providing welfare programs and education of inmates with HIV infection regarding the adherence to ART may play a prominent role in the treatment of such patients. Training correctional staff regarding the significance of HIV treatment and adherence to ART can also be effective in the treatment of prisoners with HIV infection.


The invention provides a design method of an UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) airline database and a verification method of the airline database, and belongs to the field of UAV data processing. The method is that the task to be implemented in advance and possible fault are considered during designing the airline; feature parameter set and an UAV constraint set are set; the instructions and handling methods of the sets are combined into the airline design; the airspace constraint, the performance constraint and the system function constraint are comprehensively considered; an indicator is utilized to achieve dynamic chaining of the airlines of the airline database an airline design system; the airline database which supports automatic implementing of the task and automatic handling of fault is constructed; therefore, the purposes of efficient design and verification evaluation of the airline database can be achieved.


* Lt. Col. Frank M. Steadman, Philadelphia Depot, Q. M. C. Address at annual meeting, Textile Research Institute, New York, Nov. 13, 1942. THE QUARTERMASTER CORPS presents for your consideration the problem of tendering of cotton fabrics both as a general consideration and a specific problem. As a general consideration it has long been recognized that preparatory and dyeing treatment of cotton fabrics reduce their strength by a degradation of the natural cellulose fiber as it is received f rom the gin. In general, this tendering of the fiber or the product made from it is not red flagged by the term &dquo;tendering.&dquo; It is accepted simply as a loss in strength in processing, a necessary evil of the cotton textile finishing industry. This tendering of natural cellulosic materials is believed to be actually a degradation of the cellulose molecule, which subject is being studied by a Research Associateship of the Textile Foundation and by others including H. Mark of the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, and R. F. Nickerson of the Mellon Institute. A portion of the work on that subject has been published. It is with that tendering particularly with which we are concerned. It is reported by your Research Associates at the Bureau of


The tuco-tuco (Ctenomys aff. knighti) is among the rodent species known to be nocturnal under standard laboratory conditions and diurnal under natural conditions. The circadian thermoenergetics (CTE) hypothesis postulates that switches in activity timing are a response to energetic challenges; daytime activity reduces thermoregulatory costs by consolidating activity to the warmest part of the day. Studying wild animals under both captive and natural conditions can increase understanding of how temporal activity patterns are shaped by the environment and could serve as a test of the CTE hypothesis. We estimated the effects of activity timing on energy expenditure for the tuco-tuco by combining laboratory measurements of metabolic rate with environmental temperature records in both winter and summer. We showed that, in winter, there would be considerable energy savings if activity is allocated at least partially during daylight, lending support to the CTE hypothesis. In summer, the impact of activity timing on energy expenditure is small, suggesting that during this season other factors, such as predation risk, water balance, and social interaction, may have more important roles than energetics in the determination of activity time.


In Reply.— The apparent complexity of quantitative buffy coat analysis that Fischer and Addison refer to in their letter was certainly true in our prototype instrumentation and methodology. A system is currently being manufactured that can be easily operated by personnel who have no laboratory training. The instrument incorporates a microprocessor that uses the described algorithms instantly to display results after the measurements are made. Results are available in less than 12 minutes, with about one minute of actual hands-on time. We polled five senior hematology technologists, and they stated that the same tests, when performed by their most skilled technologists using the methods described by Fischer and Addison, would take at least 25 minutes, the majority of that being hands-on time . In our article, the data were taken in a manner that would show the worst case performance of the system. Data were gathered over a period of weeks,


ABSTRACT As the title indicates, The Atlas of Radiologic Imaging concentrates on a visual presentation of diseases in all major organ systems. The various imaging modalities, including nuclear medicine computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, are well integrated into the nine chapters covering specific anatomic regions or organ systems. In addition, there are two chapters devoted to disease appearance by ultrasound and angiography as well as a third covering the techniques of interventional radiology.Paging through this book is a true delight. The choice and quality of illustrations are excellent. Colored arrows highlight the radiographic features and a large number of the illustrations are accompanied by line drawings further delineating the important findings and anatomic landmarks. There are numerous tables and charts that provide helpful classification of tumors, fractures, disease patterns, differential diagnosis, and optimal choice of radiological examination.The Atlas has tremendous value for both the radiology resident and practicing