Mithal Madlool Chelab University of AL-Qadissiya/Colledge OF Education Abstract No topic in folklore, part from culture has caused more argument than witchcraft. And fear of it permeates folklore of all periods. Actually, many studies are carried out by folklorists and anthropologists on this topic and even many people in western and central Africa and in some of eastern countries state that witchcraft existed physically as a substance in the bodies of witches whose changing shapes were possible. So witchcraft is, in some ways, conceived of as a form of power which runs between the body of the witch and her victim. Interestingly, exploring the nature of the witch and her effect on her victim does not capture the attention of the anthropologists only; rather it occupies the minds of the artists of various cultures and has become a recurrent theme in their works across the literary ages. Actually, this study has the same goal; it is devoted to explore the nature and the role of witchcraft in "The Ballad of Three Witches"(450A.D.), anonymous genuine piece of Arabic folk poetry that is related to pre-Islamic poetry and Macbeth (1606), the shortest tragedy that was written by the prominent English playwright William Shakespeare. In fact, in both texts, the recipient is invited to have a journey with the hero who meets on his way three witches prophesize his future. In this journey, the recipient will experience the wonderful sense of heroism that mixes reality with supernaturalism whether with the national Arabian hero, the Himyarite king Tubba' As'ad Kamil who was the first to clothe Al-kea'ba or with Macbeth, who has a unique position among all other Shakespeare's tragic heroes. In short, this intertextual study aims at following up the analogies between "The Ballad of Three Witches" and Shakespeare's Macbeth in the employment of witchcraft and its major tool the witch. In other words, it is meant to be a detailed study of both texts by drawing a comparison between their witchcrafts to see whether "The Ballad of Three Witches" can be regarded as one of the possible sources of Shakespeare's Macbeth. Eventually, the study ends with the conclusion that sums up the major findings. لا ةصلاخ


To ensure both performance and security of grid-connected photovoltaic inverters,a detection platform for grid-connected photovoltaic inverters is researched and developed;the testing method and procedures of grid-connected photovoltaic inverter are analyzed and the development course of this detection platform is described in detail.The detection platform consists of control computer,data acquisition system,RS 485 and general-purpose interface bus(GPIB) system.In this platform,the solar-cell panel is simulated by programmable DC source,the power grid characteristics of power grid by programmable DC source and the load characteristic by programmably controlled RLC load.The whole detection system is controlled by LabVIEW software interface,the communication among instruments is implemented by RS 485 and GPIB bus,thus the automation level of this platform is evidently enhanced.The proposed detection platform can be used in the electric performance testing of grid-connected photovoltaic inverters,testing of protection function,testing of electromagnetic compatibility(EMC) and so on.Practical application shows that the configuration of this detection platform is rational and reliable,and its detection results are accurate.


Objective To elucidate the effect of rehabilitation training on visual reaction times of children with brain injury. Methods Fifty-one children with brain injury recruited for the observation group were observed, 29 age-matched normal children served as the controlsubjects. All the children in both groups were tested in terms of the eye-hand visual reaction times(VRTs). All the patients were given rehabilitation treatment. Results Before rehabilitation treatment, the VRTs of the observation group were significantly slower than those of the control group (P0.01). After treatment, the scores of VRTs, except for the motor-reaction time of the left side, of the observation group were significantly increased (P0.01). And the score of premotor time of VRTs of the observation group was not significantly different from those of the control group (P0.05). Conclusion The attention and the motor speed were abnormal in children with brain injury, rehabilitation treatment can improve the reaction times significantly. The test of RTs could be of great importance in the evaluation of neurobehavior and therapeutic effect for children with brain injury, because of its easiness, sensitiveness and objectiveness in clinical application.


Performing sound and fair fuzzer evaluations can be challenging, not only because of the randomness involved in fuzzing, but also due to the large number of fuzz tests generated. Existing evaluations use code coverage as a proxy measure for fuzzing effectiveness. Yet, instead of considering coverage of all generated fuzz inputs, they only consider the inputs stored in the fuzzer queue. However, as we show in this paper, this approach can lead to biased assessments due to path collisions. Therefore, we developed FuzzTastic, a fuzzer-agnostic coverage analyzer that allows practitioners and researchers to perform uniform fuzzer evaluations that are not affected by such collisions. In addition, its time-stamped coverage-probing approach enables frequency-based coverage analysis to identify barely tested source code and to visualize fuzzing progress over time and across code. To foster further studies in this field, we make FuzzTastic, together with a benchmark dataset worth ~12 CPU-years of fuzzing, publicly available; the demo video can be found at https://youtu.be/Lm-eBx0aePA.


Two classes of finite Mealy automata (automata without branches, slow-moving automata) are considered in this article. We study algebraic properties of transformations defined by automata of these classes. We consider groups and semigroups defined by automata without branches.


The higher infinite usually refers to the lofty reaches of Cantor's paradise, notably to the realm of large cardinals whose existence cannot be proved in the established formalisation of Cantorian set theory, i.e. Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory with the axiom of choice. Proof theory, on the other hand, is commonly associated with the manipulation of syntactic objects, that is finite objects par excellence. However, finitary proof theory became already infinitary in the 1950's when Schutte re-obtained Gentzen's ordinal analysis for number theory in a particular transparent way through the use of an infinitary proof system with the so-called ω-rule (cf. [54]). Nowadays one even finds vestiges of large cardinals in ordinal-theoretic proof theory. Large cardinals have worked their way down through generalized recursion (in the shape of recursively large ordinals) to proof theory wherein they appear in the definition procedures of so-called collapsing functions which give rise to ordinal representation systems. The surprising use of ordinal representation systems employing "names" for large cardinals in current proof-theoretic ordinal analyses is the main theme of this paper. The exposition here diverges from the presentation given at the conference in two regards. Firstly, the talk began with a broad introduction, explaining the current rationale and goals of ordinal-theoretic proof theory, which take the place of the original Hilbert Program. Since this part of the talk is now incorporated in the first two sections of the BSL-paper [48] there is no point in reproducing it here. Secondly, we shall omit those parts of the talk concerned with infinitary proof systems of ramified set theory as they can also be found in [48] and even more detailed in [44]. Thirdly, thanks to the aforementioned omissions, the advantage of present paper over the talk is to allow for a much more detailed account of the actual information furnished by ordinal analyses and the role of large cardinal hypotheses in devising ordinal representation systems.


Poplar(Populus deltoides) veneers were used to make plywood for concrete forms.With the modulus of elasticity as an index,the effects of glass-fiber cloth,with the following conditions,were studied: various resin contents,addition of a silicone coupling agent,and resin spread at the interface between the veneer and the glass-fiber cloth.Under the optimum parameters obtained from the experimental results,the MOE∥,MOE⊥,MOR∥ and MOR⊥ were improved by 23.6%,35.4%,24.5% and 65.3%,respectively.


Purpose: In this action research mixed research methods combining quantitative and qualitative approaches were used to examine a parent empowerment program for married immigrant women. Methods: Data were collected from 14 women who participated in the action research. The 1st and 2nd sessions consisted of problem definition, planning, observation·evaluation and reflection. The parent empowerment program for married immigrant women was developed through theses steps, and quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed in order to examine the effects of the program and the participant` empowerment experiences. Quantitative data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test, and qualitative data using content analysis. Results: The parent empowerment program was effective in enhancing married immigrant women` s parenting efficacy and parenting attitude. The results of the qualitative analysis showed that, participants` empowerment experiences were: "learn information on parenting" , "live stately with assertion my of opinions", "become confident in giving care" , "as learner appreciating that children also try to be nice" and "family relations have improved". Conclusion: These results indicate the program is effective in enabling married immigrant women to find a ``positive l`` so that they become aware of their identity as parents and help in their roles as parents.


There has been continuing discussion in the literature as to the effects of bilingualism on cognitive tasks. Much of the research has been carried out with immigrant students in developed countries. This study is set in a developing country and was based on the theoretical work of Cummins. Grade 6 students from five urban Community Schools in Papua New Guinea completed several mathematics and language tests, a survey form eliciting information on home background, and a test of cognitive development. The data supported the thesis that students' level of competence in their original tongue and in English, the language of their regular schooling, were significant influences on mathematical performance. In particular these results supported Cummins's threshold hypothesis. They also support the notion that bilingualism should not be taken as a unidimensional entity, and that allowance should be made for its multidimensional nature when carrying out research and when making educational decisions.


We generalize the four-flux radiative transfer model to the case of a multilayer medium. A concrete application, that of the study of the optical degradation of white paint in a simulated space environment, is presented. The degraded material is decomposed in a damaged layer and in an unaffected layer, and we assume that the degradation is due to a variation Dkappa of the imaginary part of the refractive index in the damaged layer. Then we find an empirical law for variation Dkappa with dose, taking into account possible saturation.


ABSTRACT To study the migration of the high-temperature region and the dynamic changes in the index gas concentration during spontaneous coal combustion and oxidation, we established spatiotemporal distributions of the temperature and index gases during the dynamic evolution of spontaneous coal combustion. The XK-VI coal spontaneous combustion experimental system was used to investigate the migration law of the high-temperature region of loose coal in an air leakage field environment, and gas was then collected and analyzed. The results indicated that the coal temperature showed a stepwise change during the whole heating process. The general trend of the migration changes of the high-temperature points in the test furnace was to move toward the air inlet side and move from the low-oxygen concentration area toward the high-oxygen concentration area. Before the critical temperature, the high-temperature points were approximately 65 cm away from the air inlet. After the critical temperature, the high-temperature points gradually appeared at a distance of 45 cm from the air inlet. When the coal temperature exceeded the dry cracking temperature, the high-temperature points moved down to approximately 8 cm from the air inlet and finally moved to the air supply surface. Through analysis of the gas concentration in the furnace, the gas content varied with the migration of the high-temperature points in the furnace. The oxygen consumption rate and CO and CO2 production rates increased slowly before the dry cracking temperature and increased rapidly after the dry cracking temperature. The gas ratios of CO/CO2, CH4/C2H6, and C2H4/C2H6 changed near the critical temperature, and CO/CO2 and CH4/C2H6 changed from decreasing to rapidly increasing, and C2H4/C2H6 sharply increased from zero.


Background Graft choice is very controversial. This study compared the second-look evaluation and clinical outcomes of anatomic ACL-R using a thin autograft versus a thick hybrid graft. Material/Methods Sixty-eight patients who had received ACL-R with hamstring autograft or autograft-allograft hybrid graft accepted second-look arthroscopy were grouped (autograft: n=31, age: 32.8±8.9, Male/Female: 16/15, and hybrid graft: n=37, age: 33.9±8.4, Male/Female: 27/10). Patients were evaluated with the functional score and KT-1000 test before reconstruction. The re-examination and second-look evaluation were performed at 2-year follow-up. Results were compared and further comparisons were made for grafts size >8.5 mm. Results The hybrid group showed thicker graft size and bigger graft occupancy (9.0±0.5 mm vs. 8.5±0.7 mm, P=.003; 80.1±7.0% vs. 69.9±6.9%, P<.001). KT-1000 test, subjective evaluation, and activity level scores increased significantly between pre- and post-reconstruction for both groups (P<.001). There was no significant difference of the second-look evaluation (Graft continuity, Tension and Synovial coverage) between groups. However, from those 2 groups, only grafts size >8.5 mm were selected and compared (autograft, n=16; hybrid, n=29). Graft tension and Synovial coverage showed a significant difference (P=.036 and P=.029). The Lysholm, IKDC, and KT-1000 test were significantly superior for the autograft than the hybrid graft (P=.036, P=.004, and P=.003, respectively). Conclusions A pure autograft is superior to a hybrid graft with same diameter in ACL-R because the augmenting allografts may be null and void. Therefore, a homogenous graft is recommended.


Online Learning to Rank (OLTR) optimizes ranking models using implicit user's feedback, such as clicks, to directly manipulate search engine results in production. Compared to traditional Learning to Rank (LTR) approaches, OLTR overcomes a number of drawbacks such as the high cost and time required by the editorial annotation effort, the fact that the intent identified by human annotators may be different from that of the user, or the issues associated with rapid changes of intents underlying queries. However, this process requires OLTR methods to collect searchable data, user queries and clicks; current methods are not suited to situations in which users want to maintain their privacy, i.e. not sharing data, queries and clicks. Federated Online Learning to Rank (FOLTR), which implements OLTR under a Federated Learning (FL) scenario, has been proposed to provide a solution that can address the privacy issue in OLTR. Existing work has shown promise; however, FOLTR methods lag behind traditional OLTR, which has been studied in the centralised setting. In particular, challenges currently faced by FOLTR methods include low effectiveness, unclear robustness with respect to biased data distribution across clients, and unclear susceptibility to attacks on the learning process and the ranking model. This research aims to comprehensively investigate the aforementioned challenges and build effective, secure federated online learning to rank methods.


diversification of the economy of Uzbekistan. Maintaining high rates of economic growth of the republic, at level not less than 7-8% per year, is impossible without the keeping sustainable development of the oil sector, which provides not only energy resources, but also the raw material for the development of the petrochemical industry. In this context, one of the key problems of the oil and gas industry at the present stage is inefficient management system that requires colossal structural and functional changes. Oil and gas sector plays a crucial role in the structural transformation of the economy of Uzbekistan. In 2012, it was 5.1% of GDP, 18.3% – in the structure of industrial production, 23% – in the export of product. Due to this sector, there was 10.3% growth of export. Effect of oil and gas industry on the economy is obviously represented by calculating the multiplicative effect. The oil industry has a higher multiplicator demand – 1.85 with average of 1.69 [7]. Actuality of solving the problem of effective management of sector is increased with consideration of planned large-scale investments. Thus, from the total volume of investments in the industry in 2011 the share of the gas industry had 26.3%, oil producing and oil-refining industries – 13.9%. In 2012, this sector received 17.1% out of all investment. And in medium-term development programs of the industry, the share of oil and gas sector accounts for 57% of all prospective investments. The main direction of the upcoming investment is the development of the petrochemical industry


(57) Abstract: mobile station for transmitting a mobile radio signal to the base station (1) has a single memory device (8). And many available applications in a memory device (18) are accumulated, they are different "carrier", that is, a plurality of mobile radio network system, or a single multiple services within a mobile radio network the provider, can be related to. Selection device for the mobile station is considered for transmission connection (17), required for the connections required for these applications, respectively, to calculate the charges to be expected. Based on the calculations, the most cost-effective applications because of the required transmission is selected (4). Then, the actual transmission of the communication data for the base stations (11, 12 and 13) is performed on the basis of this application.


Natural gas is often said to be the most environmentally friendly fossil fuel. Its usage has increased significantly in recent years. Meanwhile, accurate forecasting of natural gas spot prices has become critical to energy management, economic growth, and environmental protection. This work offers a novel model based on the temporal convolutional network (TCN) and dynamic learning rate for predicting natural gas spot prices over the following two weekdays. The residual block structure of TCN provides good prediction accuracy, and the dilated causal convolutions minimize the amount of computation. The dynamic learning rate setting was adopted to enhance the model's prediction accuracy and robustness. Compared with three existing models, i.e., the one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), gate recurrent unit (GRU), and long short-term memory (LSTM), the proposed model can achieve better performance over other models with mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean squared error (RMSE) scores of 4.965%, 0.216, and 0.687, respectively. These attractive advantages make the proposed model a promising candidate for long-term stability in natural gas spot price forecasting.


The article examines stylistic devices in which distinguished Ukrainian writer Oles Berdnyk expresses transhumanist ideas. The author is famous for being one of the brightest representatives of native science fiction. His early novels "Paths of Titans", "The Arrow of Time" and "Children of Infinity", which depict a utopian future, have been chosen as an object to be studied. It is found out that the message translated by the author in a given period of his creative activity reproduces primarily the techno-optimistic discourse that prevailed in the middle of the twentieth century and has some obvious transhumanist and immortalist indications, which can be observed both at substantive (the evolution of a man into an omnipotent immortal being is being depicted) and stylistic level. In its simplest form, this is manifested in the active use of positively colored epithets, hyperbolized metaphors, metonymic embodiments and other stylistic means which shape central features of the author's idiostyle. The tropes and figures of speech used by the author are in most cases emotionally expressive, that is, they contain elements of value (mostly positive, in this case). One common characteristic of Berdnyk's prose is its high expressiveness, that is, solemn and pompous style, contrast and bright images. Building on the ideas of cosmism philosophy, he follows the scientistic trends of the Golden Age of western science fiction on the one hand and introduces some distinctive elements of national Ukrainian conceptosphere into the established genre on the other. His late works, however, underwent drastic philosophical changes, resulting in a gradual departure from his previous views.


Summary. The capacity of 10-year-olds in coping with a mixed (double theme) text was examined. In a "distributed" version of the mixed text a story theme was used to carry an additional load of historical information which was evenly distributed throughout the narrative. In a second "consolidated" version of the mixed text the history material occurred en bloc midway through the story. Performance on the mixed texts was compared with that in a "separated" condition where the story and history information were presented in two separate texts. Recall of the history material was substantially better in the separated text condition than in either of the other two and recall of the story was poorer in the consolidated than in either of the other two conditions. The findings are interpreted in terms of the effects of attentional set and the extra processing demands incurred in disentangling two different themes in a mixed type text.


The key intermediate 4-amino-3-mercapto-1, 2, 4-triazoles (1) is prepared by reacting with methyl paraben carbohydrazide and CS2 to yield potassium dithiocarbazinate salt. The salt upon reaction with hydrazine hydrate will yield the compound(1).The title compounds 4-(6-phenyl-[1,2,4] triazole [3,4-b] [1,3,4] thiadiazole-3-yl)-phenol derivatives were prepared by reacting 4-amino-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole(1) with aromatic acids in the presence of phosphorous oxychloride medium. All the new compounds were evaluated for in-vitro antioxidant and antifungal activities. The new compounds were assigned on the basis of IR, NMR and mass spectral data.


The objective of this is research is to determine the relationship between overprotection of parents and the formation of children of the first year of Basic General Education. Parallel "A" of the Educational Unit in the academic period 2014-2015, it was evident that overprotection in children is harmful so that they can develop not only in the school but also in the home and therefore in society , the methodology in which the type of research was field, transversal and bibliographical, of non-experimental and descriptive design was used because it was worked in said institution in a determined time, with a descriptive design described the two variables as the overprotection and the formation of children, and with a population of 30 students which is divided into 12 girls and 18 children, the sample with which work was intentional since the population was not manipulated, the technique used was the tokens of observation, the instruments were the same questionnaires that helped us in the analyzes and results obtained, the conclusions and recommendations were made in ba the objectives and results obtained, where it was possible to show that overprotection influences the formation of children, making them fearful and insecure of themselves.


At a point in history marked by dramatic challenges to the existing political and social order, the question of legal and political obligation emerges as a focal point of international concern. Amid the clamor for radical change in the established order, theories of political obligation demand renewed examination. In this volume, eighteen leading specialists in the legal, philosophical, and political science aspects of the question, offer their views on this timely topic. Part I examines the nature of moral, legal, and political obligation. The first essay presents a set of defi nitions that denies the very existence of obligation. The second essay disagrees particularly with respect to the relationship of political to moral tenets, and the third discusses the highly complex interplay between law and morality. Part II takes up the conditions of obligation and of obedience. The fi rst essay in this part discusses the conditions necessary to generate a "felt obligation." The second paper, concentrates on exposing key obstacles to the empirical proof that behavior is, or is not, motivated by "felt obligation." While the third draws upon a large body of literature and court decisions dealing with compliance to the law. The fourth essay is a case study of Rome, probing the role of obligation during that city's seven centuries of existence without a police force, and the ultimate breakdown of the system. Part III highlights ethical considerations that arise out of civil disobedience. The first essay proposes a rather restrictive defi nition of civil disobedience, and then embarks on a surprising examination of this subject in the light of the traditional arguments for "just war." Following that, is a broader examination of disobedience, emphasizing a contextual approach and applying, as a test, the likelihood of public good that will result from disobedience. Scholars and students in the areas of law, philosophy, and political science will find this volume a vital addition to their libraries.


Observational evidence has been obtained which suggests the CCD bias level, which is mode dependent and subtracted onboard during XRT observations, can vary considerably during a typical orbital snapshot on an astrophysical target. The variation seems to be at least partly related to changes in the CCD temperature and/or scattered optical light from the sunlit Earth, and it can affect both of the main science modes: windowed timing (WT) and photon counting (PC). When the bias changes during an observation, it can cause energy scale offsets which could give rise to spectral features (such as an edge at ∼ 0.5 keV) in the observed spectra (for example, figure 1).


A split reactor vessel model for the RELAP5/ MOD2 computer code is developed in an attempt to realize more realistic predictions of asymmetrical transients in a two-loop nuclear power plant. Based on this split reactor model, coolant mixing processes within the reactor vessel are examined. This study evaluates the model improvements in terms of thermal-hydraulic simulations of the reactor core inlet fluid condition and the consequent core behavior. Furthermore, the split reactor vessel model is introduced into an integral RELAP5/MOD2 power plant model, and a steamline break analysis is performed to determine the influence of the boron concentration in the boron injection tank on accident consequences.


Thispaper explores thepossibilities touserobust objectcontroller whichisresponsible forautonomous control ofthe tracking algorithms basedonvisual modelfeatures asgeneratorhelicopter. ofvisual references forUAVcontrol. A Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm isusedfordetecting thesalient points hef papersis organed aoli. nection e atevery processed image, thenaprojective transformation for briefly discusses therelated work.Section IIIdescribes the evaluating thevisual references isobtained using aversion of platform COLIBRII,usedasthemaintestbed platform. In theRANSACalgorithm, inwhichaseries ofmatched key-points section IVweshowtheapproach usedtocontrol thehelicopter pairs that fulfill thetransformation equations areselected, rejecting basedonvisual references using asalient point tracker. Section otherwise thecorrupted data.Thesystem hasbeentested usingV showstheexperimental results. Finally conclusions andfuture diverse imagesequences showing itscapability totrackobjects significantly changed inscale, position, rotation, generating atthe workaredrawninsection VI. sametimevelocity references totheUAVflight controller. The robustness ourapproach hasalso beenvalidated using images taken


The influences of dietary iodine, ambient iodide, tissue storage of iodide, and iodide binding to plasma proteins have been related to the high plasma iodide in laboratory brook trout.Plasma iodide exceeded 1800 μg/100 ml (μg%) for trout acclimated at 13 °C and fed an Ewos commercial diet. This was largely due to (i) efficient iodide absorption from the gut, and (ii) an iodine concentration in Ewos food (31–35 μg I/g dry wt.) that was 20–78 times greater than that of four other artificial foods or that of several natural food items.Ambient iodide ranged seasonally from 1.26 to2.21 μg I/liter. This source probably contributed little to the high plasma iodide, but helped to maintain plasma levels during starvation or use of low-iodide diets.No major extrathyroidal iodide storage site was found in 15 organs or tissues examined.Iodide binds to brook trout plasma proteins, but the concentration of binding sites is less than that reported for other species. This binding aids maintenance of plasma iodide, partic...


Theories suggest that positive affect broadens attention, whereas negative affect focuses attention. This position has been supported by studies showing that positive affect leads to more diffuse spatial attention while negative affect leads to more focused spatial attention. Recently, researchers have used the attentional blink (AB) paradigm to show that induced positive affect may also lead to more diffuse temporal attention, allowing greater accuracy for targets presented within a short time interval. The present study investigated whether dispositional affect could modulate temporal attentional diffusion using the AB paradigm. Consistent with the diffusion hypothesis, greater positive affect was associated with smaller AB magnitude, whereas greater negative affect was associated with larger AB magnitude. Thus, dispositional affect can modulate the costs of attentional selection over brief time intervals.


One of the goals of current education is to ensure that graduates can act as independent lifelong learners. Graduates need to be able to assess their own learning and interpret assessment results. The central question in this article is how to acquire sustainable assessment skills, enabling students to assess their performance and learning throughout life, and preparing them to meet their own future learning needs. This article presents an integrated model for developing sustainable assessment skills, consisting of three components: conditions necessary for the development of sustainable assessment skills, elements of sustainable assessment and instructional methods for guiding students in the development of sustainable assessment skills. The article concludes with suggestions for future research to further develop the proposed model.


. The importance of various 17 th -18 th -century European Bibles known as "Theatrum Biblicum", i.e. albums of engravings on Biblical subjects, as a source providing patterns for church wall-painting in the 17 th -19 th century is widely known. However, it is equally interesting important to study which features of the wall-painting go beyond the engraved prototypes. The main differences between the prototypes and the paintings are evident in details. The most important among them are holy faces that never reproduce the engravings exactly. So, the way the holy faces were painted was one of the most distinguishable features of different schools, artels or masters. At the same time the holy faces in the most significant samples of monumental art demonstrated the brightest and the most independent creative achievements. It is precisely to these monuments that the wall-paintings of the Epiphany church at the village of Yes'ky, Bezhetsky district, Tver region belong. All the peculiarities typical of the Tver classicism as a whole are well evident here. The greatest importance of the Yes'ky village wall-paintings (1843–1847) lies in the specific interpretation of traditional academic canons and this is especially evident in the recognizable saints' faces. The composition was painted after the Bible engraving patterns by Christoph Weigel (1695), Philipp Andreas Kilian (1758) and others and the holy faces in the paintings evidently demonstrate the artistic methods of the regional classicism. The holy faces make the Yes'ki paintings indeed unique no matter that the subjects follow the patterns of well-known engravings. The comparison of engravings and paintings allows us to deeply understand the essence of the regional painters' artistic devices and to see their outstanding craftsmanship. The holy faces are painted in the conventional style characteristic for a glue paint technique: the brush's sweeping motions are not concealed, the palette of colours is limited, the high finish does not produce an overillusionistic effect. The holy faces' features are deprived of idealization typical for academic manner. Instead they are provided with bright distinctive peculiarities like exaggeratedly big eyes and fleshy noses with wide nasal bridges, sunken cheeks and obvious nasolabial folds. The images lack emotionality but are endowed with grandeur, unusual expressiveness and intrinsic strain.


Bob the Cat, Bailey the Dog and Others. Therapeutic Features of Animal Characters in Popular Literature The author explores the meaning of animal companion figures in popular literature. The article presents a few examples of novels and autobiographical forms which use the companion animal character, like "A Street Cat Named Bob" by James Bowen, "Cleo: How an Uppity Cat Helped Heal a Family" by Helen Brown, "A Dog's Purpose" by W. Bruce Cameron and "The Art of Racing in the Rain" by Garth Stein. Some of the books were filmed, most of them became bestsellers, which raises the question about reasons of their popularity. As scholars claim, popular literature has, among others, a therapeutic function. This corresponds with therapeutic function of companion animals, like dogs and cats. Sociologist Adrian Franklin (1999) claims that companion animals provide us ontological security in modern societies. The article examines the ways of providing different kinds of security by using an animal character.


Several natural isolates of Bacillus strains namely 5B, 12B, 16B, 18 and 24B
 were grown on two different temperatures in submerged fermentation for the
 raw-starch-digesting a-amylases production. All strains except Bacillus sp.
 18 produced more α-amylase on 37oC. The hydrolysis of raw corn starch
 followed same pattern. Efficient hydrolysis was obtained with α-amylases from
 Bacillus sp. 5B, 12B, 16B and 24B grown on 37oC and Bacillus sp. 18 grown on
 50oC. Zymography after isoelectric focusing shown that α-amylases were
 produced in multiple forms, from 2 to 6, depending on the strain when they
 were growing at 37 oC, while growing at 50oC induced only 1 or 2 isoforms.
 TLC analysis of hydrolysis products of raw corn and soluble starch by
 α-amylases revealed production of various mixtures of oligosaccharides. In
 most cases G3 was the most dominant product from soluble starch while G2, G3
 and G5 were the main products of raw starch hydrolysis. This indicates that
 obtained a-amylases can be used for starch liquefying or
 short-chain-oligosaccharide forming, depending on what type of starch (raw or
 soluble) was used for the hydrolysis. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike
 Srbije, br. 172048]


We have been developing the ideal observer formalism for sonography, which is based on the best-possible diagnostic performance. The ideal performance was compared to that of trained human observers to estimate the visual efficiency for discriminating lesion features. We find that humans are generally less than 10% efficient at accessing visual information essential for breast cancer diagnosis. In seeking ways to improve this process, we must first establish a connection between standard ROC observer metrics and instrument properties used in system design. In radiography, that relationship is made through the lesion signal-to-noise ratio SNRI. SNRI2, which describes task information, is simply related to contrast and spatial resolutions and noise power. Those relations break down for sonography due to the quadratic form of the ideal observer. Our goal in this paper is to establish a rigorous connection between ideal performance and engineering design metrics, which has directly applications for sonographic system design and optimization.


Abstract Death in Christian Fürchtegott Gellert's Leben der schwedischen Gräfin von G (1747/48), an early German sentimental novel, is not portrayed in excessively sentimental terms. Neither is it the cornerstone for a rational bourgeois social order in which characters renounce their desires, as has been argued. On the contrary, death is conspicuous in the novel by its lack of resonance. Early eighteenth-century philosophers such as Georg Friedrich Meier used mourning to illustrate the power of the mind to reproduce, recognize, and respond emotionally to images from the past, but Gellert does not integrate psychological ideas about memory and the imagination into his work to any great extent. Instead, his novel is characterized by an aesthetics of presence which distinguishes it from later sentimental works.


The process of neutrino interaction with $^{98}$Mo and $^{100}$Mo isotopes is studied taking into consideration the effect of charge-exchange resonances. The experimental data on the strength functions $S(E)$ obtained in charge-exchange reactions $(p; n)$ and $(^3\mathrm{He}, t)$ and the strength functions $S(E)$ calculated within the theory of finite Fermi systems were used. We studied the effect of the resonance structure of $S(E)$ on the cross sections for solar-neutrino. We investigated the contribution of each high-lying resonance to the capture cross section $\sigma(E_{\nu})$. The contributions of all components of the solar neutrino spectrum are calculated. We estimate the contribution of different components of solar neutrinos as the background for the double-beta decay experiments on $^{100}$Mo.


Oxygen-deficient titanium dioxide(TiO2-x)was prepared by heating TiO2 in H2 atmosphere,followed by the post-calcination in O2 at different temperatures.The physicochemical properties of the products were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscope(XPS),electron spin resonance(ESR),UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum(UV-Vis DRS)and photoluminescence spectrum(PL).The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples was determined by the degradation of gas-phase benzene under visible light(λ400 nm)irradiation.The results show that the TiO2-x post-heated at 300℃exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity.After photocatalytic oxidation for 4 h,the conversion rate of benzene over the catalyst is up to 36.9%at steady state,which is 5.3 times as much as that on the untreated sample.The enhanced photocatalytic performance of the TiO2-x is related to the amount of the oxygen vacancies in matrix(single-electron-trapped oxygen vacancies).The postcalcination successfully reduces the surface oxygen vacancies(Ti 3+),efficiently hindering the photoinduced carriers from recombination.


Observation was conducted to determine the abundance of Butterfly fish (Chaetodontidae) and live coral cover, and to see the comparison of the aboundance of the butterlfy fish among three different station in Beralas Pasir Island regency Bintan in May 2013. Based on the results of the research was found that Chaetodontidae fish species consisted of two genera, three species namely Chaetodon octovactiatus, Chaetodon decussatus, and Chelmon rostratus. Chaetodontidae abundance was found 0.088 ind/m with categorized slightly and the percentage of live coral cover of 47.56% which is considered moderate.


INTRODUCTION: The causal association between obesity and osteoarthritis (OA) has long been hypothesized to be predominantly due to biomechanical overload. However, adipose tissue produces biologically active factors known as adipokines that have been implicated in numerous inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis [1]. Elevated levels of the adipokines adiponectin, resistin, leptin, and visfatin in both the serum and synovial fluid are associated with increased progression or severity of arthritis [2]. In vitro studies have demonstrated that each of these adipokines can induce chondrocyte expression of MMPs and pro-inflammatory markers [3, 4]. However, the role of adipokines in OA is still poorly understood and little is known on how they affect different articular joint tissues. The aim of this study was to determine if cartilage or meniscal tissue explants had catabolic responses to adiponectin, leptin, resistin, or visfatin.


• The haemoglobinopathies are autosomal recessive inherited disorders of haemoglobin synthesis(thalasemmias) or structure (sickle cell disorders) . • Responsible for significant morbidity and mortality on a worldwide scale . • Increased migration of the world's population and inter-ethnic mixing has made their prevalence in UK and North America • Incidence of thalassemia trait and sickle cell haemoglobinopathy in India varies between 3-17% and 1-44%. • In the Indian subcontinent ,there are marked differences in prevalence existing within regions (5%-15%). • Thrombocytopenia is the second leading cause of blood disorders in pregnancy after anemia in which gestational thrombocytopenia accounts 70-80% of all cases . • Blood dyscrasias have a conflicting maternal and perinatal out come. • Keywords :SDP,RDP,hemoglobinopaties,blood dyscrasias.


The article is aimed to identify threats to national security due to the current state of the petroleum products market and factors that affect the cost of fuel in Ukraine during the war and will shape fuel prices in Ukraine and the whole world in the short and medium term. Such factors now are the almost complete absence of the domestic product on the market, the rupture of old logistics chains and problems with the development of new logistics routes for fuel supply from Europe, high world prices for oil and petroleum products, instability of the national currency and risks, associated with the war. It is estimated that the fair price for imported petrol and diesel fuel at the end of May ? beginning of June 2022 is 45 UAH in the western regions, and up to 50 UAH per liter in the eastern regions of Ukraine. Factors that will affect prices in the near future include the possible unblocking of Ukraine?s seaports, oil and petroleum products supplies from the United States, Central Asia and the Middle East, shale oil from the United States, increased market competition and increased demand as a result of the end of COVID-19 crisis. Ukrainian people should be ready to high prices of petroleum products in the near future and the Ukrainian state should prepare the system of national security and national defense for solving of the logistics problems with delivery of the petroleum products and potential social problems.


OBJECTIVE
This pilot study was aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of a protocol-based treatment strategy combining mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone (MP) pulses and low-dose glucocorticoids (GC) in early systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients suffering from either active interstitial lung disease (ILD) or extensive skin disease.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Sixteen SSc patients were recruited in the study, 9 based on the severity of their skin involvement (modified Rodnan total skin score [TSS] >or= 15) and 7 based on the presence of active ILD. Patients received 3 consecutive daily IV MP pulses, followed by 5 additional monthly IV MP pulses. MMF (0.5 g bid for one week; then, 1 g bid) and low-dose (5-10 mg/day) oral prednisolone were prescribed for one year. Patients were assessed at baseline, month 6 and 12. Statistics were by ANOVA.

RESULTS
TSS and Health Assessment Questionnaire significantly improved over time. In ILD patients, the vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity significantly improved. Although the difference was not statistically significant, ground glass lesions decreased, based on semi-quantitative planimetry analyses performed on chest high-resolution computerized tomography. Toxicity was low and none of the patients suffered from renal crisis.

CONCLUSION
The results of this pilot study suggest that the combination of MMF, IV MP and low-dose GC might achieve good clinical, functional and radiological results in patients suffering from severe early SSc.


The article assesses the effect of gel fertilizers on growth (average shoot length and bush growth in general), grape productivity, quality and transportability. Studies on the effect of new generation mineral gel fertilizers on the table grape of the Italy variety in the Mountain Valley Crimea proved their positive impact on growth, yield and quality of grape plants. There was a significant increase in phytometric indicators in the experimental variant compared to the reference: the average length of one-year shoots – by 17.7 cm (9.9%) and growth of the bush – 153.6 cm3 (7.8%). The yield increase when using new generation fertilizers was 2.2 t/ha (11.2%), mainly due to a significant increase in the average bunch weight. The use of gel fertilizers has improved the transportability of the bunches and grapes.


An Indian patient aged 21 presented on 1 May 1979 with cough and sputum after influenza. Clinically his chest was clear, but radiography showed an 8 mm round focus in the second left interspace and tiny right apical fibrotic scars. He had a small pigmented scar in the left posterior triangle of the neck marking the removal of a lymph node three years previously; it was not examined histologically. No family or contact history of tuberculosis was elicited. A Mantoux test with 01 ml of 1 in 1000 tuberculin purified protein derivative (10 IU) was done on the left forearm. Later that day he suffered faintness, shivering, vomiting, and fever (40°C). After three days the test site showed erythema (5 x 6 cm) and induration (4 x 5 cm) with central blistering. Two red lines extended upwards from the top of the lesion (figure).


Boron- and fluorine-rich highly evolved granites in the Betliar area (Gemeric Unit, Western Carpathians) represent composite intrusion that formed probably during two distinct magmatic episodes. During the first stage, evolved granitic magma originating from an underlying volatile-rich reservoir intruded into an open fault system in the form of sill-like bodies and crystallized as equigranular or medium- to fine-grained rocks. The subsequent volatile flux enhanced postmagmatic alterations of the solidified granites and led to the formation of greisens with elevated amounts of tourmaline and Nb–Ta–W–Th phases. During the second stage, magma from a deeper magmatic reservoir intruded as a mush containing K-feldspar, albite, mica and quartz phenocrysts and gave rise to porphyritic granites. Partial dissolution and corrosion of the phenocrysts was enhanced by a pressure drop during emplacement of the porphyritic granites into middle-crustal level where the volatile-rich residual melt rapidly crystallized and is now preserved as quartz–albite–K-feldspar matrix with tourmaline and other accessories. Monazite and zircon geochronology indicates that the process occurred during Middle and Late Permian, and possibly extended to Early Triassic.


It is claimed that the current representations used for probability
theory provides a poor codification of that knowledge.
The limitations of the representations and how they encode
the knowledge causes conceptual difficulties and makes problem solving difficult. Probability Space diagrams constitute a new representational system that provides a simpler and more coherent codification of probability theory, which effectively supports problem solving. The two approaches are contrasted, which demonstrates that the effects of representations on advanced forms of cognition extend beyond problem solving and impacts on the conceptual understanding and learning of bodies of knowledge.


Gaffey, C. T. Russell and C. A. Raymond, Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Fort Lowell Road, Tucson, Arizona 85742, firstname.lastname@example.com; Max-Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany; Bear Fight Institute, Washington; University of North Dakota, North Dakota; University of California Los Angeles, California; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, California.


ing." Medieval accounts stress tests and purificatory torments while in modern accounts these are transformed into an educational experience. (I think there is not as much contrast as the author suggests.) The medieval accounts stress contemporary planetary theory while the moderns reflect the science of Darwin and Einstein. In her final evaluative chapter the author shows little sympathy for either a reductionistic or a naively affirmative approach. She sees the accounts from both periods as arising from a thoroughly conditioned imagination. We may never be able to find the "kernel" of these experiences. The symbols are what we must work with and "we cannot crack the symbolic code." The best position is to see NDEs as story, a combination of narrative and imagination. The "other world is the inner world projected on the stage of the imagined cosmos." NDEs are seen as works of the religious imagination. But the religious imagination gives orientation during periods of cognitive dissonance and mediates the search for ultimate truth. These are important therapeutic experiences, though no match for the great religious revelations. Still, theology should pay attention to them. They offset, in part, "the intellectual's incapacity for wholehearted participation." This generates an excessive intellectualist attack on images that "has poisoned academic theology." A number of critical remarks might be made on the author's position. For example, she does not handle the possibility that out-of-the-body experience might be a genuine separation from the body, a position which a sizable minority of parapsychologists hold. This would qualify some of her positions. Also, she does not explain how the NDEs of very young children are the works of the religious imagination. However, this is a study which should rank high on a list of contemporary contributions to NDE studies. It would be useful for the general reader, graduate students, and those undergraduates who have some knowledge of NDE literature.


As put forth by Kerov in the early 1990s and elucidated in subsequent works, numerous properties of Wigner random matrices are shared by certain linear maps playing an important role in the representation theory of the symmetric group. We introduce and study an operator of representation-theoretic origin which bears some similarity to discrete random Schrodinger operators acting on the $d$-dimensional lattice. In particular, we define its integrated density of states and prove that in dimension $d \geq 2$ it boasts Lifshitz tails similar to those of the Anderson model.
The construction bears a close connection to the fifteen puzzle, a popular sliding puzzle from the XIX-th century. To define the operator, we let the adjacency matrix of an infinite-board version of the puzzle act on a randomly chosen representation of the infinite symmetric group. The proof of the main result boils down to the following problem, possibly of independent interest: estimate the probability that after $n$ random moves the puzzle returns to its initial state. We establish a two-sided estimate on this probability using a new Peierls-type argument.


Background: Complications of anti-cancer therapies can lead to inadequate nutrient intake, indigestion and deficiency of nutrients. The present study aims to better understand the nutritional challenges of hospitalized patients with cancer.
Methods: The participants were patients referred to the oncology ward of the hospital who were selected by the maximum diversity sampling of patients with various cancers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data and continued until data saturation with 20 participants. Inductive content analysis was applied to interpret data using MAXQDA 2018 software.
Results: The views of hospitalized patients with cancer regarding the nutritional complications were explored in four main themes, including "Inefficiency in patient food management", "The need for care and support of the treatment team", "Problems due to the consequences of the disease", "Patients' strategies in conditions of dissatisfaction with the hospital food environment". The sub-themes included "Dissatisfaction with the hospital food environment", "Neglect of patients' specific conditions", "Problem with the characteristics of hospital food", "Uncertainty of the responsible person/people", "Lack of continuous communication between the treatment team and patients", "Patients' need to consult with the treatment team", "Patients' concerns", "Disease side-effects", "Chemotherapy side effect", and "Dissatisfaction of food and environment".
Conclusion: It is necessary to obtain a comprehensive understanding of patients' needs by a treatment team, including physicians, nurses, and nutritionists by establishing appropriate communication with the patients and nutrition education from the time of diagnosis and treatment.


Abstract Aim: To assess the impact of a high enteral protein nutrition strategy in human milk-fed very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (<1500 g) on growth during the first 5 weeks of life. Design: Weight, length and head circumference of VLBW infants were recorded after introduction of a high protein strategy. Results: Forty-three infants (median/interquartile range) of gestational age 27+6 weeks (26+0/29+6), birth weight 984 g (675/1130) were included. Parenteral nutrition was administered for 16 (14/18) days and the nutritional intakes achieved target values 4.3 g/kg/day protein (4.0/4.4); 128 kcal/kg/day energy (119/131). Human milk was fortified with 0.5–2.3 g/kg/day protein powder in addition to a fortifier. Near-intrauterine growth was observed: Weight gain from days 8–35: 17.6 g/kg/day (14.9/20.5); head growth from day 1–35: 0.70 cm/week (0.50/0.80); length growth from day 1–35: 1.0 cm/week (0.8/1.2). The total protein intake was shown to have a significant impact on infant's weight gain up to the 35th day of life. Conclusion: High protein nutrition enables similar to fetal growth weight gain and head growth of VLBW infants during the first 5 weeks of life. These data support recently published ESPGHAN recommendations.


This paper studies T2SL material properties using chemical and structural probes with atomic scale resolution, and transport tools that are particularly sensitive to SRH centers, defect scattering, and surface leakage. Electron beam induced current (EBIC) mapping is being used to identify individual localized recombination centers, which are then probed compositionally with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Focused ion beam milling (FIB) is used to extract regions of high recombination that neighbor inactive regions for high resolution transmission electron microscopy, to fully reveal and compare their underlying structure.


In this research the physical properties of defective and nondefective coffee beans were investigated. The study results show that there are highly significant differences (P < 0.001) in the physical properties (true and bulk volume, true and bulk density, mass) and (P < 0.05) in sphericity and porosity of green coffee beans, respectively. Higher and lower values of mass and dimensional parameters were obtained in full sour and full black coffee beans, respectively. On the other hand, the physical properties of the beans investigated as the function of moisture content (%db) were found to be a linear relation with volume, mass and equivalent diameter, and an inverse relation with density of the beans. Generally, the moisture content (% dry basis [d.b.]) of defective beans (full sour 12.87%, immature 11.34%, full black 10.41%) is higher than nondefective beans (10.22%) for sample kept at oven temperature (105C) for 48 h. The results of the study indicated that the physical properties alone can successfully separate defective and nondefective beans prior and after roasting.

Practical Applications

The physical properties of defective and nondefective coffee beans were investigated. The determined physical properties of beans have useful applications in coffee quality control. In addition, these properties have significant importance for machinery and process equipment design. The methods are simple, fast and inexpensive as compared with the chemical methods that need high-cost equipment and solvents.


In this study, crude palm oil was used as a precursor for the production of biolubricant base stock by a two-step transesterification process. Palm oil methyl ester produced from the first step was subsequently reacted with trimethylolpropane using calcium hydroxide as catalyst to produce palm based TMP ester. Optimization of lubricant base stock synthesis from palm oil methyl ester and trimethylolpropane was carried out using response surface methodology, central composite design (CCD). The optimum variable conditions were reaction temperature of 159.9C, mole ratio of 4.99, catalyst loading of 1.16 and reaction time of 211.63 minutes under vacuum pressure for 84.681% palm based TMP ester yield. Regression analysis of the data showed a second order quadratic regression model which establishes the link between variables and biolubricant yield with temperature and mole ratio being most significant variable. The coefficient of regression R was 0.9477 implying that 94.77% of the irregularity in the response can be explained by the model. Lubricating properties of palm based TMP ester was evaluated and found to have the following lubricating properties: kinematic viscosity of 40.44 and 10.03 cSt at 40C and 100C respectively, viscosity index of 198, flash point of 187C and pour point of -6C. These properties of palm based TMP ester conforms to the standard specifications for ISO VG32 and VG46 viscosity grades, and were also found similar to other plant based biolubricants such as jatropha, sesame and canola biolubricant base stock and indicates good prospect as base stock in biodegradable lubricant formulation.


The article analyzes the influence of picking shoe fulcrum on picking travel and picking force , which aims at reducing vibration and consumption, increasing effective picking force, and improving runnability and face quality.


A general method for the synthesis of amino acid and peptide derivatives of fullerene (ADF) was developed, and the physicochemical properties of the compounds obtained were studied. ADF were shown to penetrate into liposomes and to exhibit adjuvant properties and antiviral activity.


Amin Sri Sejani / A 410120028. Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah
dan Hasil Belajar Matematika melalui Strategi Kooperatif Tipe TPS (Think
Pair Share) pada Siswa Kelas VII Semester Genap di SMP Negeri 1 Grogol
Tahun Ajaran 2016/2017. Skripsi. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan,
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Februari, 2016.
The purpose of this research is to describe the improvement of problem solving
ability and mathematics study achievement by applying cooperative strategy think
pair share. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) collaborative. The
subject of the research that receive the action is grade VII G SMP Negeri 1 Grogol
are 32 students. The data collection techniques are observation, field notes, test,
documentation and interview. The technique of data analysis is interactive analysis
method. The data validity uses triangulation source and technique. Result of the
research is showing the improvement of problem solving ability and mathematical
study achievement in compilation. It can be seen from the increasing student's
problem solving ability and student's mathematics study achievement indicator
namely; 1) understand the problem, students can identify the elements that are
known, asked, and the adequacy of the elements that required before action as much
as 37.50% increase to 81.25 %; 2) Plan the settlement, construct a mathematical
model, and implement strategies for solving as much as 31.25% increase to 62.50%;
3) complete the planning and draw conclusions as much as 22.40% increase to 56.25;
students who scored passing grade ≥ 75 before the action as much as 31.25%
increase to 71.87%. The conclusion of this research is that the adoption of
cooperative strategies Think Pair Share (TPS) can improve problem solving ability
and mathematics study achievement class VII G SMP Negeri 1 Grogol academic
year 2016/2017.


Once Romania joins the European Union were entered into force Community regulations regarding the energy saving. One of the ways to reduce energy consumption in manufacturing is to modernize the equipment for mechanical processing. The paper aims to show some of the ways to be followed to achieve this goal, coming with theoretical arguments and demonstrate the effectiveness modernize activities through several examples of measurements done on the equipments. Are presented so the results of measurements of the energy parameters with and without CNC machines with DC and AC drives. Consider such issues as mechanical things, as well as that one concerning electric drives run or not by CNC. It is also proposes a model of economic analysis of energy efficient machine tools, taking into account the authors experience in this field.


Objective: Comparative evaluation of various media compositions for Streptococcus mutans (Strep. mutans) best propagation, pointing out the diversity in Strep. mutans clinically isolated from patients with different caries behavior and ages using molecular tools. Methods: The case control study included ninety outpatients from Faculty of Dentistry, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo, Egypt, that were divided into three age groups (3-5, 6-12 and 18-25 years). Each group was subdivided according to the caries behavior into caries free and active subgroups. Salivary samples were collected. Six culture media were used to plate the diluted saliva. They were Mitis Salivarius and tellorite (MST), Mitis Salivarius, bacitracin and kanamycin (MSBK), Mitis Salivarius, bacitracin and tellorite (MSBT), Trypticase media, glucose, sucrose, tellurite, and bacitracin (GSTB) and yeast, cysteine, sucrose and bacitracin (YCSB) agars. Polymerase Chain Reaction technique was used to detect Strep. mutans using glucosyltransferase primers. Total protein profiles were analyzed through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results: GSTB media yielded the highest percentage of Strep. mutans colonies. Regarding the protein profile, proteins (43, 51, 65, 74 and 87 kDa) were significantly less detected in 18-25 age group compared to the other groups. About the caries activity, there was significant difference in 122 and 170 kDa (P = 0.01) between caries free and active participants. Conclusions: Media structure may play significant role in Strep. mutans recovery. Protein bands were less commonly observed in young adults, but the inserting result was that only two bands were found to differentiate between caries active and free participants.


Objective To explore the expression of survivin in leukemia and its clinical significance.MethodsExpression of survivin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected in 18 leukemia patients and 10 normal controls using Western blotting.ResultsExpression of survivin was positive in 13 of 18 leukemia patients,but negative in all of 10 normal controls.The expression of survivin was significantly higher in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia than that in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia,and it was also higher in patients with WBC6.0×109 than that in patients with WBC6.0×109(P0.05).The survivin expression had no significant difference in patients with different age,sex,acute/chronic leukemia,primary/relapse(P0.05).ConclusionThe survivin could be selectively expressed in leukemia cells,which indicates that expression of survivin gene may be related to the pathogenesis of leukemia.


Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to N95 respirator shortages worldwide. We compare several respirator extended use and reuse strategies with regard to cost and sustainability.

Methods: We developed a model to estimate usage, costs, and waste incurred by several respirator usage strategies over the first 6-months of the pandemic in the United States. This model assumed universal masking of all healthcare workers. Estimates were taken from the literature, government databases, and commercially available data from approved vendors.

Findings: A new N95 respirator per patient encounter would require 7∙41 billion respirators, cost $6∙38 billion, and generate 84∙0 million kg of waste in the U.S. over 6-months. One respirator per day per healthcare worker would require 3∙29 billion respirators, $2∙83 billion, and 37∙22 million kg of waste. Decontamination by ultraviolet germicidal irradiation would require 1∙64 billion respirators, $1∙41 billion, and 18∙61 million kg of waste. H2O2 vapor decontamination would require 1∙15 billion respirators, $1∙40 billion, and 13∙03 million kg of waste. One reusable respirator with daily disposable filters would require 18 million respirators, $1∙24 billion, and generate 15∙73 million kg of waste. Pairing a reusable respirator with UVGI or H2O2 vapor-decontaminatable filters would reduce cost to $581∙48 million and generate 1∙58 million kg of waste. The use of one surgical mask per day would require 3∙29 billion masks, cost $493 million, and generate 20∙86 million kg of waste.

Interpretation: Reuse-based strategies decreased the number of respirators used, costs, and waste generated compared to single- or daily extended-use of disposable respirators. Future development of low-cost, low-tech technologies to enable respirator and/or filter decontamination is needed to further minimize the economic and environmental costs of masks.

Funding: J.N.C: 5T32DK007191; O.G.: MIT Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program; PC: NIH K23DA044874, R44DA051106.

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare the following competing financial interest(s): A.J.W., J.D.B., and G.T. have filed multiple patents surrounding the respirator and sensors. In addition, A.J.W., J.D.B. and G.T. have a financial interest in TEAL Bio, a biotechnology company focused on developing the next generation of personal protective equipment. J.N.C., P.R.C., O.G, J.C., F.D., and C.H. declare no competing interests.

Ethical Approval: Ethics approval was not required for this study.


It's critical to establish and improve ecological compensation mechanism in water source areas for the ecological environment protection and coordinated sustainable development between regions Based on the results of previous studies,the paper proposed the concept of ecological compensation in water source areas on the basis of internalization the external issues of the ecological protection costs(or benefits),abided by the principles of "fair,open,justice" and "the person who benefits compensate,and the person who destroys treat".Additionally,the paper proposed the theoretical framework of ecological compensation mechanism in water source areas,in terms of the subject and object division,compensation standards,compensation modes,safeguard measures of compensation.The article may provide a theoretical reference for establishment and improvement of the ecological compensation mechanism in the water source areas.


It discloses a method for implementing data communication between the ink using the multi-network computing and / or communication devices and apparatus. Electronic chat system comprising means for receiving an input from the hardware interface layer of the original ink data for processing such raw data in the form of ink available chat interfaces ink management layer, and means for processing via a network such ink has transmitting data to the network interface layer, the interface layer chat on the remote computer.


With the increasing availability of low-cost and portable noise monitors, the amount of captured data can reasonably be predicted to grow exponentially. The financial and computational expense of portable data storage, processing hardware, and wireless or cellular upload bandwidth, however, necessitate data compression techniques to ensure feasible continuous operation. Sample rate reduction causes a loss of high frequency components while compressed formats (such as mp3) remove parts of the signal that are inaudible to humans, but may be important to statistical learning algorithms. The degree to which these data reduction techniques degrade the accuracy of metrics calculated from the signals (e.g. peak level, equivalent level, sound exposure level, etc.) and the performance of statistical learning classifiers that use the metrics and/or band levels is examined. Over 20,000 recordings from noise monitors located on military installations are systematically down-sampled and compressed to use in the analys...


World literature in its various forms enhances understanding and mutual understanding and forms a "common language" between humans. Educational systems, in particular through formal programs and textbooks, can educate learners with the literature of the world, a generation of peace-loving and human-friendly people. On the basis of this idea, in this study Persian textbooks of Iranian formal public education course have been studied using content analysis method and comparative method to determine the amount, nature and manner of presenting world literature in them. The findings of the study show that the authors of Persian books of primary school had less attention to the topic of "world literature" compared to the first and second high school. Also, in all three periods, among the different literary genres, there was a greater emphasis on the teaching of literature, rich literature, and less epic literature. Also, in terms of how authors of textbooks are presented, interfered with and misunderstood in world literature, the disruption of the material, the uncertainty of the authors of the literary works of the world, the inappropriate selection of works, and the vacuum of "History of World Literature" are shortcomings of Persian books.


The tracking of developmental milestones in young children is an important public health goal for ensuring early detection and treatment for developmental delay. While numerous paper-based and web-based solutions are available for tracking milestones, many busy parents often forget to enter information on a regular basis. To help address this need, we have developed an interactive system called @BabySteps for allowing parents who use Twitter to track and respond to tweets about developmental milestones using a special hashtag syntax. Parent responses are parsed automatically and written into a central database that can be accessed via the web. We deployed @BabySteps with 14 parents over a 3-week period and found that parents were able to learn how to use the system to track their children's progress, with some using it to communicate with other parents. The study helped to identify a number of ways to improve the approach, including simplifying the hashtag syntax, allowing for private responses via direct messaging, and improving the social component. We provide a discussion of lessons learned and suggestions for the design of interactive public health systems.


In this paper, multicast routing is studied for the networking of decentralized sensors and controllers in cyber physical systems. The challenge of system stability awareness is addressed by employing the theory of linear matrix inequalities, thus forming a novel framework for studying the communi- cation sub-system in cyber physical systems. Both cases of ignorable delay and non-negligible delay are discussed. The proposed framework is then applied in the context of voltage control in smart grid. Numerical simulations using a 4-bus smart grid model show that the proposed framework and algorithm can effectively stabilize cyber physical systems.


Summary 'Grancam COP 1277' had the highest percentage of leaves and petioles attacked by L. invasa, whereas 'Urograndis (seminal)', 'Urocam VM1' and E. grandis had lower and statistically similar values. The attack by the wasp on C. citriodora was relatively minor compared with the above susceptible lines. Statistical differences were observed among similar proportions of attack between the oviposition preference on the 3 strata, leaves, and petioles of the assessed trees.


Area coverage and Navigation are two fundamental requirements for robot applications. When multiple robots are fielded in a scene, coordination through communication becomes a natural pre-requisite. This paper focuses on the area coverage problem and proposes periodic exchange of state information related to location and coverage as a solution. The solution is based on pseudonet communication architecture that enables exchange of messages between the robots by setting up a Bluetooth piconet or scatternet and maintaining the same throughout the process of covering the area.


This study was carried out to accomplish the yield projection of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Delnh. in Cuiaba-MT. For the diameter distribution, the Johnson SB's function was adjusted by the methods of the moments. The model used to express the attributes of the forest was evaluated by the regression analysis. In general, the tests carried out showed that the model presented satisfactory fitting and was unbiased in the graphic analyses of the residues. The efficiency of the prognosis was appraised by the t-test, prognosis deviation and correlation between the predicted and the observed volume at the same age. The modeling process used allowed us to obtain the detailed tendencies of growth. From these tendencies, it can be concluded that the adopted methodology allowed us to obtain the estimates of the current or future production, making use of the group of bio-mathematical models discriminated for each phase of this study.


To solve the problem of mining weighted frequent traversal patterns (WFTPs) with noisy weight information from weighted directed graph (WDG), an effective algorithm called SWFTPMiner (statistical theory-based weighted frequent traversal patterns miner) is developed. It first adopts statistical notion called confidence interval (CI) to delete the vertices with noisy weights from the traversal database (TDB), which reduce remarkably the size of TDB and the number of candidate patterns. Then the algorithm explores two mining strategies, respectively called level-wise strategy and divide-and-conquer strategy, to mine the WFTPs in mining process. Experimental results show: (1) Taking CI into consideration, we can discover more reliable WFTPs. (2) Algorithm SWFTPMiner is effective and scalable. The algorithm can be applied to various applications which can be modeled as a WDG.


Hsp70 was cloned based on its EST sequences from Agasicles hygrophila. Physicochemical properties and molecular features of Hsp70 were predicted by bioinformatics approaches including conserved domain, hydrophobic or hydrophilic, subcellular localization, signal peptide. The results showed that the full-length Hsp70 was 2 216 bp,and it contained a complete ORF which encoded632 amino acids, and a molecular weight of 69.45 k Da, isoelectric point of 6.00; Hsp70 contained complete conserved domain and typical sequence; its typical cytoplasmic motif and subcellular localization had indicated that Hsp70 located in the cytoplasm. The results will provide basis for the in-depth study of biological function of Hsp70.


Characterization of the spray resulting from a 1 mm diameter liquid ethanol jet injection into a supersonic air crossflow is presented. The isentropic Mach number at the injection location is 1.94, while the momentum flux ratio is varied between 3 and 13. Steady and unsteady components of the penetration depth are retrieved using backlit imaging perpendicular to the spray at a frame rate of 20 kHz, coupled with a telecentric lens to accommodate the test section's width and ensure equal magnification through the spray's width. Spray width at specific axial locations downstream of injection is measured by imaging Mie scattered light from a planar laser sheet directed perpendicular to the flow direction so that a cross section of the spray is recorded by a camera placed at a known angle between camera axis and flow direction.


Evaluation of the astronaut shoulder injury rates began with an operational concern at the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) during Extravehicular Activity (EVA) training. An astronaut suffered a shoulder injury during an NBL training run and commented that it was possibly due to a hardware issue. During the subsequent investigation, questions arose regarding the rate of shoulder injuries in recent years and over the entire history of the astronaut corps.


This article proposes a novel perspective of technological change based on the 'Woesian' model of cell evolution to study technological change and, in particular, the origins of radical innovation. The model identifies horizontal gene transfer (HGT) as a critical force that drives evolution and complements the Darwinian theory of vertical inheritance. Building on this model, we highlight the key role of the horizontal transfer of functional modules in generating radical innovation as well as strengthening the analogy between biological and technological evolution. We use the turbojet revolution to illustrate the main features of the model and elucidate the conditions under which horizontal transfer is a crucial evolutionary force leading to radical innovation. We then elaborate on the implications of the model for how firms should search for radical innovation, as well as emphasize the importance of a firm's replicative-integrative capability—that is, the ability to 'replicate with modifications' existing functional modules and integrate them into a novel architecture—in shaping the generation of radical innovation.


A method for controlling a vehicle lighting system, comprising operable detected ambient light level ambient light sensor and the lighting circuit. The system further comprises a logic control unit, the logic control unit from the vehicle control unit, a user input device and the ambient light sensor receives the input signal. The logic control unit or a voltage based on the control signal on a plurality of the lighting circuit to provide a minimum input voltage.


One specific market space of interest to emerging printed electronics is In Mold Label (IML) technology. IML is used in many consumer products and white good applications. When combined with electronics, the In Mold Electronics (IME) adds compelling new product functionality. Many of these products have multi-dimensional features and therefore require thermoforming processes in order to prepare the labels before they are in-molded. While thermoforming is not a novel technique for IML, the addition of printed electronic functional traces is not well documented. There is little or no published work on printed circuit performance and design interactions in the thermoforming process that could inform improved IME product designs. A general full factorial Design of Experiments (DOE) was used to analyze the electrical performance of the conductive silver ink trace/polycarbonate substrate system. Variables of interest include trace width, height of draw, and radii of both top and bottom curvatures in the draw area. Thermoforming tooling inserts were fabricated for eight treatment combinations of these variables. Each sample has one control and two formed strips. Electrical measurements were taken of the printed traces on the polymer sheets preand postforming with a custom fixture to evaluate the effect on resistance. The design parameters found to be significant were draw height and bottom radius, with increased draw and smaller bottom curvature radii both contributing to the circuits' resistance degradation. Over the ranges evaluated, the top curvature radii had no effect on circuit resistance. Interactions were present, demonstrating that circuit and thermoforming design parameters need to be studied as a system. While significant insight impacting product development was captured further work will be executed to evaluate different ink and substrate material sets, process variables, and their role in IME. Introduction Printed electronic technology is an additive printing process that creates an electronic circuit by depositing one or several layers of conductive ink onto a substrate. Substrate choices include conformable and stretchable plastic films. Additional functional inks may be printed on the circuits for passive and active components like resistors, insulators, and for protection of the circuit in end-use applications. The printed circuitry is application-dependent and may vary from simple passive to complex multi-layer structures. In-mold printed electronics is an emerging technology extending the integration possibilities of electronics into applications that have historically not been possible with traditional printed circuit board technology. Thermoforming is a process utilizing heat and either vacuum or high gas pressure to form a softened thermoplastic film onto a mandrel of desired shape and size (Figure 1) [1]. The film is placed on the tooling plate, transported into the chamber that is then heated. The vacuum or gas pressure pushes the softened film down onto the tooling insert to take the shape. Though it is a widely used technology in forming thermoplastics for packaging, white goods, and consumer products, the integration of printed electronics into the thermoforming process is relatively recent. The impact of the thermoforming process on the performance and limitations of printed electronics circuitry and the respective product and process design guidelines are not fully understood. Figure 1 Schematic of a thermoforming process (left) and tooling plate (right) The forming process moves substrate material and creates high stress areas within the substrate as it is forced to conform to the mandrel, potentially having adverse effects on printed trace performance and mechanical integrity (Figure 2). As the substrate and ink deforms conductive particles separate and compress impacting the conductivity. This change may be significant in some areas where discontinuity may lead to partial connectivity or catastrophic failure. This study focuses on three of the most likely mandrel design parameters that might adversely affect circuit performance: depth of draw (height), top radius (Rt), and bottom radius (Rb) (Figure 3 & 4). The experimental design was completed by evaluating the effect on printed electronic traces of five different widths over replaceable mandrel inserts in a thermoforming tool. The results of these studies will provide the product designer with initial guidelines on how to compensate for anticipated electric conductivity degradation from thermoforming, minimizing costly prototyping and design iterations. Conceptually, the designer will eventually have access to a complete matrix of all needed information for electronic circuit design, suitable material sets, electronic trace geometry/conductivity relationships, and mechanical properties, within acceptable thermoforming limits. Evaluating these thermoformed traces raises some interesting challenges and opportunities as there are major differences between thermoformed printed electronic traces and traditional Cu based PCBA electronic traces. There are a few assumptions that have to be made when evaluating these samples. When a product is thermoformed, the material does not have equal amount of draw and strain induced along the entire length of a trace. Inspections to investigate changes along the cross-sectional area are challenging to calculate along the entire trace. It is very difficult to measure the dimensional changes of the printed traces in all three dimensions, assuming no other performance impacting factors such as pin holes of polymer or varying conductive particle distribution in a printed trace. Particles need to be in contact together for current to flow, but this is not a bulk copper wire, where it is acceptable to assume a solid cross sectional area. In printed electronics, it is known that the "solids" part of the trace is actually more porous with a nonconductive polymer binding making up part of the trace (Figure 5) [2]. Other contributing factors not investigated here are the polymer structure from raw material processing, different molecular structures of ink and substrate processing methods varying from supplier to supplier, and differing elastic properties of the materials. For example, within a material, an amorphous versus crystalline structure may create areas with different internal stresses that can affect how the material is drawn during thermoforming. Different functional inks have different solids loading, particle shapes, and particle sizes, with varying distributions. This may be impacted by the homogeneity of the ink system due to mixing. These could have implications on how well the ink can conduct electrically before and after forming. Figure 5 Conductive particles of different shapes and sizes distributed in a printed trace. Left image shows high porosity, less surface contact between particles resulting in a higher resistance trace. Right image shows a higher packing density trace closer to traditional solid PCB trace with lower resistance Figure 4 Design parameters studied on the test vehicle Figure 3 Thermoformed test vehicle Figure 2 Simulation of the thermoformed test vehicle Discussion of Methodology The test vehicle contained three strips of eight parallel electronic traces per sample. Each trace had a different width, ranging from 5700 μm down to 150 μm (Figure 6). The basic relationship of electric resistance as function of trace width should be an inverse parabolic curve. Since resistance is an inverse proportion to area, but the lengths are the same, those values cannot be compared directly in our test vehicle. A goal was to establish a lower trace width limit for which the trace could reliably be printed with the selected material set and screen. Consistent quality of formed prints was obtained down to 1700 μm, yielding five trace widths for inclusion in the experiment. The replaceable mandrel portion of the DOE was a full factorial, including three variables at two levels of the height, Rt, and Rb (Table 1). Eight different inserts were required to complete the study. With the inclusion of the five trace widths, the general full factorial experiment consisted of 40 trials. All printing, drying and forming parameters were held constant. A custom substrate test fixture with tooling holes allowed probing the traces in a consistent location (Figure 7). A programmable 6.5 digit multi-meter was used to collect trace resistance data. Each trace from all of the samples was measured three separate times, resulting in 600 data points. Understanding the impact of key thermoforming process variables on electrical properties can help designers to select an appropriate trace width for a given geometric shape of a (to be) formed product. How the forming process affects the trace's cross-sectional area, particle distribution, packing density, and the mechanical integrity of the trace, will directly impact the electrical performance, and may gate product design. With forms and designs of thermoformed products that are more complex, multiple trace segments will change electrical performance of the electrical circuit. Table 1 Design of experiments (DOE) factors, number of levels, and parameters Factor Number of Levels Level Parameters Trace width 5 X, X+1, X+2, X+3, X+4 Height 2 H, H+1 Top Radius 2 T, T+1 Bottom Radius 2 B, B+1 Figure 6 Test vehicle screen (left) and printed (right) Figure 7 Custom electrical test fixture for resistance measurements Results Resistance measurements were taken pre and post forming to assess resistance changes introduced by the thermoforming process. The significant DOE factors were height, bottom radius and trace width, while the top radius was found not to be significant. The Rsq for the model of the analysis was 96.76 percent, adjusted Rsq is 96.58 percent, and predicted Rsq is 96.36 percent Table 2 in Appendix. Residual plots are also included for reference in Appendix


Animal welfare means how an animal is coping with the conditions in which it lives. An animal is in a good state of welfare if (as indicated by scientific evidence) it is healthy, comfortable, well nourished, safe, able to express innate behavior and if it is not suffering from unpleasant states such as pain, fear and distress. Good animal welfare requires disease prevention and veterinary treatment, appropriate shelter, management, nutrition, humane handling and humane slaughter/killing. Animal welfare refers to the state of the animal. Animal welfare practices have multiple benefits for people and animals. By improving animal health and productivity, they help maintain the food supply for people who produce and use animal products. They sustain the livelihood of small-scale animal producers and thus help preserve stable rural communities. Good animal welfare practices can also contribute to food safety and to human health and psychological well-being. Especially in parts of the world where many people suffer from poverty and starvation, an approach to animal welfare that focuses on benefits to people is most likely to succeed. Animal welfare problems are extremely diverse, certain generic problem areas occur on a global basis. These include transportation especially over long distances, slaughter and pre-slaughter management, provision of adequate feed and water, the handling of animals by humans, culling of animals that are unhealthy or of low commercial value and keeping animals under conditions for which they are not genetically suited. Animal welfare legislation and its enforcement are not a widespread reality at present. Moreover, there are worldwide variations in practices concerning farming and the keeping of animals. In many countries concern for animal welfare is not a major issue. Religion and economy play a major role in public perceptions of animal welfare or the absence of these. At the same time a trend may be recognized of increasing attention for global animal welfare issues. Providing policy and legal frameworks (capacity building) and economic incentives (access to global markets) may provide opportunities to further improve animal welfare on a global scale. Moreover, for poor or landless farmers, making a satisfactory living is often the first step toward being able to provide appropriate animal care. Hence, improving the economic well-being of low-income animal owners is a high priority element in efforts to improve animal welfare. There is a need to develop expertise in animal welfare science in countries with developing economies, partly by creating partnerships with established centers of expertise.


Psychological studies have shown that the act of play contributes to the physical, intellectual, social and emotional development of a child. School pupils have been observed to enjoy playing games. Games work as a stimulant and are able to captivate pupils" attention, and hence educators should channel the advantages of play into language learning. To explore the potentials of games in the learning of English mainly the speaking skill, a language board game called CHALLENGE was invented. The theory of Multiple Intelligences (MI) and the Social Learning Theory underpin CHALLENGE. This paper presents a study that examined the responses of some stakeholders towards CHALLENGE. The study used both qualitative and quantitative approaches in data collection and analysis. The responses were collected through two sets of survey questionnaires from primary school pupils who played the game and their teachers. These responses were further supported by interview sessions with ten players. The results showed that the two groups responded positively towards CHALLENGE, and pupils' various intelligences were activated as they interacted and played with their peers. The study will interest teachers and other academics in developing game-based materials for their language classrooms.


A design for the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) and its internals for a HPLWR (High Performance Light Water Reactor) is presented. The RPV has been dimensioned using the pressure vessel code for nuclear power plants in Germany. In order to use conventional vessel materials such as 20 MnMoNi 5 5 (United States: SA 508), the vessel inner wall has to be kept only in contact with coolant at inlet temperature. Therefore, the hot coolant pipe connection from the steam plenum to the outlet is separated from the RPV inner wall using a thermal sleeve. The core inside the vessel rests on a support plate which is connected to the core barrel. The steam plenum is fixed on top of the core using support brackets which are attached to the adjustable steam outlet pipes. This way, the steam plenum rests on the outlet flanges of the lower vessel, while the core barrel is suspended at the closure head flange of the vessel to control thermal expansions between the internals and the RPV and to minimize thermal stresses. Both, inlet and outlet mass flows are separated via C-ring seals to prevent mixing. The control rod guides in the upper plenum are alsomore » suspended at the vessel flange and aligned inside the core barrel using centering pins. (authors)« less


The paper discusses recent results on the development of localized arc filament plasma actuators and their use in controlling high-speed and high Reynolds number jet flows. Multiple plasma actuators (up to 8) are controlled using a custom-built 8-channel high-voltage pulsed plasma generator. The plasma generator independently controls pulse repetition rate (0–200 kHz), duty cycle and phase for each individual actuator. Current and voltage measurements demonstrated the power consumption of each actuator to be quite low (20 W at 20% duty cycle). Emission spectroscopy temperature measurements in the pulsed arc filament showed rapid temperature increase over the first 10–20 µs of arc operation, from below 1000 °C to up to about 2000 °C. At longer discharge pulse durations, 20–100 µs, the plasma temperature levels off at approximately 2000 °C. Modelling calculations using an unsteady, quasi-one-dimensional arc filament model showed that rapid localized heating in the arc filament on a microsecond time scale generates strong compression waves. The results of the calculations also suggest that flow forcing is most efficient at low actuator duty cycles, with short heating periods and sufficiently long delays between the pulses to allow for convective cooling of high-temperature filaments. The model predictions are consistent with laser sheet scattering flow visualization results and particle imaging velocimetry measurements. These measurements show large-scale coherent structure formation and considerable mixing enhancement in an ideally expanded Mach 1.3 jet forced by eight repetitively pulsed plasma actuators. The effects of forcing are most significant near the jet preferred mode frequency (ν = 5 kHz). The results also show a substantial reduction in the jet potential core length and a significant increase in the jet Mach number decay rate beyond the end of potential core, especially at low actuator duty cycles.


Korea will be the sixth country in the world to complete the 'Sports Grand Slam'. But problems related to fairness, which is the basic spirit of...


These preliminary results of narrative inquiry are based on the data collected as part of a doctoral dissertation, which concentrated on how some young mothers are able to form new subjectivities and resist dominant discourses on teenage mothers in Thailand. To understand this process, Michel Foucault's concept of the ethical self is employed along with an examination of the discourses of teenage mothers in Thailand. Ethical subjectivation is a process in which individuals decide to reconstruct their identity reflecting on a perceived moral dilemma. In the case of teenage mothers, this ethical concept usually involves aspects of the ideal mother and a discourse on motherhood in Thai society. Six teenage mothers who appeared to possess an ethical self were selected for this qualitative study. Each mother was invited to share her life story using an in-depth interview. The stories were analyzed through an analysis of narratives and applied a thematic analysis to find common themes among the participants. These results indicated three types of ethical mothers: "Buddy mom", "Two-in-one parent" and "Traditionally-oriented mother". However, these types of subjectivity can change over time depending on the individual and, at times, may appear simultaneously.
Keywords: Ethical Subjectivation, Teenage Mother Discourses, Analysis of Narratives


The material in the foregoing chapters suggests that for a large proportion of acutely ill psychiatric patients, psychiatric hospitalization, as we have known it in the past, is not necessary.