This article is a review of Quantitative Corpus Linguistics with R:A Practical Introduction by Stephan Gries.The book under review is the first monograph that gives a systematic introduction to the use of the R language in quantitative corpus linguistic research.From the methodological perspective,it is particularly significant for the development of linguistics or corpus linguistics.Limitations of the book are also discussed in this article.


In this work we have explored the idea of how the liberalism and its way of thinking has used the cultural analysis to desnaturalize the character of many social conflicts. For this is necessary to start by studying the grounds of liberalism's way of thinking and the well known conservative-liberalism coalition to reveal then the strategies of use of liberalism's cultural analysis. We conclude with the specific case of El Ejido (Spain), trying to show how the mass media and the public debates were sorrounding and repeating ideas of cultural diversity instead of bringing up the topic of social distribution.


Piers were important structural members between superstructure and foundation of bridge which were designed to transfer and resist the vertical loads and horizontal loads (dead load of structure, traffic loads, water pressure, ice, and wind) to the foundation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of number of piers in transverse direction (horizontal distance or spacing) between piers on the static and dynamic responses for two types of bridges structure which they include continuous and simply supported bridges. Static and dynamic analysis methods were adopted to analyse the bridges structures by using CSI-bridge software. The results of static analysis for two types of bridges models (continuous and simply supported) showed that the increasing of piers numbers had significant effects on the increasing of bridge structure stiffness by decreasing the downward vertical deflection due to service loads, increasing of the resistance of prestressed loads to service loads, and increasing of compression stresses. The results of time history analysis for two types of bridges models showed that the values of natural frequency were increased when the piers numbers were increased. Traffic load frequency (vibration frequency) values were decreased with increasing of bridge piers number because of the bridge structure had more stability. It can be concluded that the values of natural frequency were more than values of traffic load frequency, indicating that the bridges structures had enough stiffness and stability.


9 Teachers are in need of ways to define social studies concepts, ry plan and develop conceptual learning and problem solving instructional activities, and diagnose and assess student learnings consistent with the goals they posit for their courses. 0 ) Gagne's model, presented in THE CONDITIONS OF LEARNING (1970), I can be modified in order to assist teachers in developing instrucKst -4 tional activities consistent with complex levels of student learnings. V) The model also can be applied to planning and teaching the social studies. Social studies teachers and supervisors who examined prototype materials perceived Gagne's model, as modified, to be a useful construct.


This paper highlights on how graphing calculators could be used not only as a teaching tool but also as a learning aid and the future of this machine in our match towards computer age. African Journal of Educational Studies in Mathematics and Sciences Vol. 1, 2001: 103-113


Visual function in the human newborn was assessed by simultaneous recording of the electroretinogram and electroencephalogram during presentation of luminance series of orange and white light flashes. Electroretinograms of infants show wave form characteristics similar to those of adults, although of slightly longer latency and considerably lower amplitude. Cortical visual evoked responses of neonates are characterized by longer latencies than found in adults; however, amplitude of their potentials appears comparable to the adults'. The electrophysiological findings suggest both retinal and central photopic activity in newborn infants consistent with behavioral studies which indicate some capacity to perceive color, form, and pattern.


Steroid cell tumors, not otherwise specified (NOS), are rare ovarian sex cord stromal tumors with malignant potential. The majority of these tumors produce several steroids, particularly testosterone. We are presenting this case for its rarity.


In this paper, we describe a CRC-based optimal blind transport format determination algorithm with application to the UMTS uplink. The derivation, based on MAP detection, is presented and simulation results under both AWGN and fading channel conditions are given.


Presently, the whole world is in distress due to the novel Coronavirus, which has put it on a standstill. It started with few unknown cases of pneumonia associated with unusual etiology were initially reported in Wuhan district of China in December 2019.1 Later, the pathogen was isolated from lower respiratory tract samples of infected patients, found to be a novel Coronavirus (nCoV), and was named severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).2 Earlier, the nCoVwas found to be quickly spreading inside Hubei Province, and later it got spread to other countries of the world.3 It was declared as an emergency by the World Health Organization(WHO), and later by the midst of February 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 had already spread across the world.2,3 WHO named it Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and further, on March 11, 2020, it was declared as a pandemic.2,3,4 As of May 10, 2020, a total of 3,862,676 cases and 265,961 deaths have been confirmed by the WHO.5 Europe, USA, Eastern Mediterranean are worst hit apart from the reach in Western Pacific, South-East Asia, and the African region.5 The clinical signs and symptoms of COVID-19 are highly variable and include common symptoms like fever, dry cough, and fatigue.6 The less common symptoms are myalgia, rhinorrhea, headache, conjunctivitis, sore throat, diarrhea, anosmia or ageusia, skin rash or discoloration of fingers or toes.6 There is also instability in the vital parameters like temperature, pulse oximetry saturation, and changes in chest radiological findings in X-ray and Chest CT scan.7 In COVID-19, the patients most report with respiratory symptoms, which can range from mild flu to severe respiratory distress.7 The SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, found on the surface of cells, and lungs are the primary site of infection.8, 9 Of the above varied symptoms mentioned, all symptoms are not essentially present in every successive patient, and besides, as this infective disease is primarily respiratory in nature, for this reason, the cutaneous manifestations have not been widely reported.7 This article is a review of all the possible dermatological manifestations reported by various . ABSTRACT


The major purpose of this empirical investigation was to delineate the essence of political orientation in the effective carrier of women political leaders, especially in the decision- making process of Panchayati Raj institutions. Further, it intends to find out the influence of institutional levels (of P.R. Institutions) on preferred bases of power of women leaders in decision-making process. It also delineates the role of leaders' political efficacy across regions in determining bases of power used & intensity of their political orientation. Finally, the study attempted to test the level of significance in mean differences for preferred bases of power across political orientation, region and level of PR institutions. This study involved 2(Region)X 2(level of institution)X2(Political Orientation) factorial design to conduct a quasi-experimental study. Two hundred Forty women leaders were randomly sampled from two districts (1 scheduled & 1 non-scheduled) of Orissa. The results of the investigation stated some unique facts which are presented in terms of major findings. The findings of the study have both theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, this interdisciplinary study adds information to the knowledge in political Science & Psychology. This study will help in understanding the constructs like political orientation. Social power &women empowerment from practical point of view, the findings of this study will set guidelines for developmental planning of rural India enriching the women leaders at grass-root organizations.


The analysis and survey for the material quality and structure of cultural relics not only have great significance for arehaeological research but also provide scientific basis for the preservation, protection and identification of the cultural relics. The anicle mainly introduces some techoological methods in common use for the Protection and survey of cultural relics. The technology is giving Play to great effect on cultural relics territory and is acting on dealing with cultural relics study.


Background/Objectives: Financiers represent a professional and social group pursuing social legitimacy and self-legitimation on the basis of professional competence, autonomy of action and transformational impact on the Russian economy and Russian society. Methods/Statistical analysis: The empirical basis of the paper is represented by the results of independent sociological research, part of which being a survey among the bank employees in Volgograd and the Volgograd region (Volzhsky, Kamyshin, Mikhailovka, Uryupinsk, Frolovo) titled "The attitude of the staff to the implementation of social policies by the banking sector" (February - March, 2013, n = 350). Findings: The agents of financial capital have not exhausted their potential of the independent carriers of social activity in contrast to the traditional agents (political parties, public institutions), since the issue of converting financial capital into human capital has not lost its relevance, but on the contrary, there is an increasing public demand for this. Secondly, while the agents of the financial capital have to develop codes to reconsider the financial activity, in this new situation the financial capital acts as an increasingly powerful tool of innovation, rather than supports the "status quo" in the society. Thirdly, sociological definition of the subjectivity of financial capital involves an appeal to the invariance of finance as a means of social positioning. Applications/Improvements: The concept of social capitalization provides an opportunity to see the logic of an agent acting in the financial sub-field, as well as to track the path of financial resources converting into the power ones.


In this paper,the domestic logistics professional institutions the status of vocational skills competitions,and then put forward the design of logistics vocational skills contest ideas,and finally to "warehouse distribution" this specific case, a detailed description of the type logistics-related vocational skills how to design competition.


Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Leadless pacemakers (LPMs) represent a seductive alternative to conventional pacing. First generation of Micra transcatheter pacing system was able to provide single-chamber VVI(R) pacing mode only, with a potential risk of pacemaker syndrome in sinus rhythm patients. A 2nd generation system (AV) now provides atrioventricular synchrony through atrial mechanical sensing capability (VDD mode). Purpose We sought to compare VR and AV systems in patients with sinus rhythm and chronic ventricular pacing for complete atrioventricular block. Methods All consecutive patients implanted with an LPM in our department for complete atrioventricular block were retrospectively screened. Patients with atrial fibrillation, sinus dysfunction, or ventricular pacing burden <20% at 1-month post-implantation were excluded. Results A total of 80 patients – 35 VR (2015-2020) and 45 AV (2020-2021) – were included. VR and AV patients had similar baseline characteristics, except for that VR patients being older (82±8 versus 77±9 years, p=0.01). Mean ventricular pacing burden was 75% in the VR and 79% in the AV group (p=0.63). In AV patients, median atrioventricular synchronous beats rate was 77%, 67% having a >66% rate. An E/A ratio <1 as measured on echocardiography was the only independent predictor of accurate atrial mechanical tracking (adjusted OR=13, p=0.006). One-year survival rate was 86% in the VR group and 95% in the AV group (adjusted p=0.21). Two patients in the VR and 0 in the AV group eventually developed pacemaker syndrome in the 1st year post-implantation (p=0.07). Conclusion In sinus rhythm patients with chronic ventricular pacing for complete atrioventricular block implanted with an LPM, atrial mechanical sensing algorithm allowed significant atrioventricular synchrony in most patients, and was associated with no occurrence of – otherwise rare – pacemaker syndrome.


At common law, the primary remedy for a successful plaintiff in an action in tort is an award of damages. The plaintiff must be put in the position in which he was before the tort was committed so far as money can do this. In many actions the principle of restitutio in integrum is a sufficient guide to the quantum of damages. But, in other cases, for example, actions for damages for personal injuries or defamation, a highly subjective element is involved. Neither personal injury nor loss of reputation is easily convertible by the use of any yardstick into an exact monetary figure. In some cases, the damages are said to be 'at large'. This signifies that the award is not limited to the pecuniary loss that can be precisely proved. Where damages are 'at large', as they are, for example, in assault, false imprisonment or malicious prosecution, trespass and defamation, they may be conveniently divided into three separate elements. First, there is the compensation for the actual harm caused to the plaintiff by the defendant; in addition to any pecuniary loss specifically proved, the assessment will involve putting a monetary value on the physical hurt in assault, on curtailment of liberty in false imprisonment or malicious prosecution, on injury to reputation in defamation and on inconvenience and disturbance in trespass.


There are a number of striking facts in the literature of the last year on the subject of the functional testing of hearing. One is the prominence of American as compared with European authors. Previously the greatest part of the work on this subject usually was done by the Germans and Austrians, but this year the reverse has been true. I believe that this is an encouraging sign, and hope that American and English writers will continue to show an interest in this subject, which is an important one. While it is true, as many assert, that after careful tests have been made therapy is deficient in many cases, I still feel that it is only by making careful examinations and arriving at accurate diagnoses that the indication for treatment, if any, may be found. The prognosis is then known and one is in a position to give the patient


Project for the upgrading of inland waterways often ask for large amounts of money. As politics make the final decision if these projects will be brought into realisation, it is a necessity to give a clear insight in the cost effectiveness of the project and the benefits for society. The Maasroute project is a splendid example of a project that was able to overcome scepticism by giving this insight and by adjusting the project in such a way that the cost effectiveness could be optimized. The Maasroute project first came to surface in the early nineties and its goal is to upgrade the 200 kilometres long inland waterway River Maas and its canals in the south-eastern part of the Netherlands. The Maasroute is an important hinterland connection for the ports of Rotterdam, Amsterdam and Antwerp, but during the preceding years the waterway had not been upgraded, while the adjacent waterways as the River Waal, the Rhine-Scheld connection and the Albert canal (Belgium) all had been upgraded. The role of the River Maas as a TEN-waterway was endangered, but until the late nineties no decision had been taken to reserve budgets to realize the upgrading of the Maasroute. In an attempt to give a better insight in the profits of the Maasroute project, cost/benefit analysis was brought up, a form of analysis that was not tradionally used in the Netherlands for these kinds of projects. The first, and most important step in cost/benefit analysis is to choose which benefits will be taken into account, and which won't. In this case, a conservative approach was chosen, considering that a possitive conclusion by an conservative approach would create greater support. The first study considered only one alternative, which ougth to be wrong. In a second phasis of the study several scenarios on how the project would have to be carried into effect were made, with the scenario's were developed together with the waterway users. By the end of this phasis both the project and the decision making politics were given insight in the way the project should proceed and budgets could be reserved, as everyone had the feeling that choices had been offered, they were not forced into a direction. Giving insight in investments by private parties and regional authorities gave even more foundation to the project. The Maasroute project has set a new standard in cost effectiveness for waterway projects in the Netherlands. As a result, today all new waterway projects in the Netherlands are considered to make cost/benefit analysis.


There are a lot of variables that affect people's happiness feeling.Some variables can be observed and measured,while others are not.The paper is based on the structure equation model,using the route analysis, has determined five secret variables and their affective intensity degree.


This paper is concerned with persistence properties and unique continuation of solutions to a two-component Camassa-Holm system. It is show that there are three results about these properties of the strong solutions. In particular, it is show that strong solutions of the two-component Camassa-Holm system, initially decaying exponentially together with its special derivative, must be identically equal to zero if they also decay exponentially at larger time.


A remote sensing study of the Dominguez Canyon Wilderness Study Area was based on Landsat 2 Multispectral Scanner imagery. These data were processed and analyzed for lineaments and for limonite anomalies that might relate to hydrothermal alteration, migrating hydrocarbons, or uranium. From the lineament analysis, a major basement fault is interpreted in the eastern part of the wilderness study area, with probable down-to-the northeast displacement. No limonite anomalies of interest are apparent in the imagery, but the narrow outcrop widths compared with the image resolution suggest that any such anomalies probably would go undetected.


Density functional theory has been used to study the mechanism of the decomposition of peroxyacetyl nitrate (CH3C(O)OONO2) in hydrogen fluoride clusters containing one to three hydrogen fluoride molecules at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,3pd) levels. The calculations clarify some of the uncertainties in the mechanism of PAN decomposition in the gas phase. The energy barrier decreases from 30.5 kcal mol−1 (single hydrogen fluoride) to essentially 18.5 kcal mol−1 when catalyzed by three hydrogen fluoride molecules. As the size of the hydrogen fluoride cluster is increased, PAN shows increasing ionization along the ON bond, consistent with the proposed predissociation in which the electrophilicity of the nitrogen atom is enhanced. This reaction is found to proceed through an attack of a fluorine to the PAN nitrogen in concert with a proton transfer to a PAN oxygen. On the basis of our calculations, an alternative reaction mechanism for the decomposition of PAN is proposed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010


Since a large number of bug reports are submitted to the bug repository every day, efficiently assigning bug reports to the correct developer is a considerable challenge. Because of the large differences between the different components of different projects, the current bug classification mainly relies on the components of the bug report to dispatch bug reports to the designated developer or developer community. Unfortunately, the component information of the bug report is filled in by default according to the bug submitter and the result is often incorrect. Thus, an automatic technology that can identify high-impact bug reports can help developers to be aware of them early, rectify them quickly, and minimize the damages they cause. In this paper, we propose a method based on the combination of imbalanced learning strategies such as random undersampling (RUS), random oversampling (ROS), synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE), and AdaCost algorithms with multiclass classification methods, OVO and OVA, to solve bug reports component classification problem. We investigate the effectiveness of different combinations, i.e., variants, each of which includes a specific imbalance learning strategy and a specific classification algorithm. We mainly perform an analytical study on five open bug repositories (Eclipse, Mozilla, GCC, OpenOffice, and NetBeans). The results show that different variants have different performance for bug reports component identification and the best performance variants are combined with the imbalanced learning strategy RUS and the OVA method based on the SVM classifier.


The Dauin geothermal prospect, situated 5 km southeast of the Palinpinon I and II sectors, was drilled between 1982 and 1983 to test its viability for development. Drilling results indicated that DN-1 was drilled closer to the source region than DN-2 where permeability, temperature, and alteration mineralogy were generally unpromising. DN-1 encountered temperatures of at least 240{degrees}C and a neutral-pH fluid with reservoir chloride of 3000 mg/kg. In particular, the presence of sulphur in the DN-1 discharge provoked debates and many speculation on the nature of the fluid in the area. The area was re-evaluated in 1996 for the following reasons: (1) Renewed interests on other geothermal prospects within Negros Island from an economic point of view and the success of modular plant developments are Pal II and other areas in the Philippines; (2) Reinterpretation of the genesis of sulphur contained in the DN-1 discharge fluid; (3) Encouraging temperature, permeability and neutral-pH alterations at depth and the neutral character of DN-1 discharge fluid; and (4) Reinterpretation of the hydrological model from a geochemical and geological point of view. The study indicates good potential for modular power development.


This paper introduces the development history of ferrite rolling and its advantages.Besides,the present production situation and future development of the new technology are also summarized.


Changes in the distribution and sharing information using the Internet is changing the most part in our daily life, Utilizing the Internet of our lives to the rapid development of IT technology, are living in the off-line (off-line) and online (on-line) a mix of life, We expect now online life specific gravity is further increased. However, do not systematically implement the education of Internet ethics awareness deficiencies of objective indicators to assess the current knowledge level of the Internet ethics is the actual situation. Therefore, in this paper, it provides a development process in order to establish a common standard for the evaluation of Internet ethics index. Development procedure of Internet ethics index in order to establish a common standard, "evaluation item (draft) derivation", "Creating a questionnaire", "the calculation of the analysis and item-by-item weight of the questionnaire", and a common reference determination of the stage having. Was also a questionnaire that target 46 people to calculate the weight of the common reference. Internet ethics index evaluation model through the establishment of the common standards developed in this paper, municipal road Office of Education, related organizations, high school, such as small, medium, can be utilized as an indicator to measure the Internet ethics education level. ☞ keyword : Internet Ethics, Internet Ethics Index, Education of Internet Ethics, Common Criteria, Dual Comparisons Scale,


Abstract Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's short story "Jumping Monkey Hill" was inspired by its author's experience at the inaugural workshop of the Caine Prize for African Writing in 2003, during which, the writer says, she was faced with the lustful and patronizing attitude of the then-administrator of the award. Adichie's piece, by virtue of being a short story about writing itself, is a so-called "metafictional" text. It is on this self-reflexive quality that this essay focuses. More precisely, the article examines the interaction between reality and fiction in Adichie's story, paying particular attention to the ways in which the text uses techniques of mise en abyme to comment on gender subjection, colonially tinged condescension, and resistance to both of these forms of oppression. Ultimately, the essay argues that "Jumping Monkey Hill" can be read as a literary manifesto that incarnates its own theorization, a conclusion that is, however, shown to be problematic in more than one respect.


This paper introduces practicing situation of construction programme of adopting advanced pre-consolidation gnd flexible lock bolt support with shortcrete in shallowly buried slope and loose layers of a railway project's tunnel entrance section.And this paper also expounds in detail the working procedures of advanced self-propelling pre-grouting with hollow anchor rob,steel frame net spraying support and so on.


The paper uses the pivoting algorithm to solve the mean semi-variance model without short sales.By choosing six stocks from ShangHai Securities Market simulated investment,the paper calculates the total return and compares the actual performance between the model and the geometric proportion investment.The result shows that the performance of the mean semi-variance portfolio is better than the geometric proportion investment.


In Five Types of Ethical Theory, C. D. Broad chose to expound Spinoza's system as representative of ethical egoism? In doing so he was not espousing an unorthodox view; nearly all commentators have characterzed Spinoza's ethical theory as egoistic, although enlightened. Nor have they done so without basis; Spinoza explicitly states that "The endeavor after self-preservation is the primary and only foundation of virtue. ''~ Similar passages are found throughout Book IV of the Ethics, and the egoistic principle appears to play a fundamental role in all of Spinoza's reasoning about what a person ought to do (what reason dictates). 3 But that Spinoza is at least not an ordinary egoist is strongly suggested by E IV, 72, which states that "A free man never acts deceitfully, but always honourably." This proposition is puzzling because (l) for Spinoza the free man is the person who always acts according to the dictates of reason; (2) reason for each person prescribes that he do whatever is conducive to his own self-preservation; and (3) it seems likely that situations will arise in which a person can preserve his own being only by deceitful or dishonorable action. That Spinoza meant what he said in E IV, 72, is


Modern western flutes are designed based on the construction proposed by Theobald Boehm in the middle of the 19 century [1]. Since the appearance of Boehm's reformed flute several flutists and flute makers suggested minor improvements to compensate certain imperfections of the instrument. Recently, a new flute head construction was proposed and patented by an expert flutist. The novel flute head family introduces a revised geometry of the tuning plug and uses different materials for the tuning and crown plugs.


We present a new methodology of computing incremental contribution for performance ratios for portfolio like Sharpe, Treynor, Calmar or Sterling ratios. Using Euler's homogeneous function theorem, we are able to decompose these performance ratios as a linear combination of individual modified performance ratios. This allows understanding the drivers of these performance ratios as well as deriving a condition for a new asset to provide incremental performance for the portfolio. We provide various numerical examples of this performance ratio decomposition.


As a new paradigm,Grid Computing (Computational Grid)is springing up ,in which,resource scheduling is an important research field. Based on clonal selection algorithm of artificial immune system (AIS) ,this paper proposes an artificial immune algorithm for resouce and job scheduling in grid envionment ,which is started with formalized description of grid resource and job scheduling problem,then follows with structured illumination of algorithm. As a result ,both of the validity of algorithm and the influence of its parameter on algorithm performance are validated via the simulation studies.


The invention discloses a method and device for importing webpage data to an EXCEL sheet. The method comprises the steps of: opening a webpage containing a data sheet on a webpage browser; selecting a data sheet in the webpage, and importing the data in the selected data sheet to an EXCEL sheet; analyzing marks of the webpage by the webpage browser, and picking the sheet mark of the selected data sheet from the marks to obtain the data of each line and each row under the sheet mark; calling EXCEL software by the webpage browser, and generating a blank EXCEL worksheet webpage; and writing the read data to the generated EXCEL worksheet webpage by the webpage browser. By the invention, the sheet data can be captured dynamically on the webpage of the webpage browser and is imported to the existing EXCEL sheet. The one-push operation from the webpage data to the EXCEL sheet can be realized, the work efficiency of users is greatly increased, and the error rate is reduced.


Abstract Inhibition of DNA synthesis by a pulse of 1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) results in reinitiation of DNA replication in DNA segments replicated earlier in that S phase and hence double replication of some DNA segments. Experiments were with tissue culture cell lines of human origin. DNA replicated early in S phase was labeled with a pulse of [ 3 H]deoxycytidine with the cells pulsed later in S phase with ara-C. The DNA replicated after the time of the ara-C pulse was density labeled with 5-bromodeoxyuridine. Reinitiation of DNA replication in the already replicated [ 3 H]DNA segments was demonstrated using CsCl density gradient analysis by an increase in the 3 H label present in the light-heavy peak of semiconservatively replicated DNA. Also, in DNA of control cells, all of the 3 H was in the same strand of the light-heavy DNA duplex as was the 5 -bromodeoxyuridine, as shown by alkaline CsCl density gradient analysis of purified light-heavy DNA. However, after a pulse of ara-C, utilization of [ 3 H]DNA strands as template strands was demonstrated by the presence of 3 H label at the density of unsubstituted DNA chains in alkaline CsCl gradients of the purified light-heavy DNA. This double replication phenomenon can explain certain chromosomal abnormalities induced by ara-C.


In this paper we trace the emergence of a specific case of cultural policy: the example chosen is a UNESCO World Heritage site, namely the Alto Douro Wine Region (ADW) a portuguese living and evolving cultural landscape. In order to contextualize the particularities of the means that have been adopted for the management of the ADW, we use Throsby's (2001) typology of most commonly-used cultural heritage policy instruments. Additionally we draw on the arguments that are frequently used to support public intervention in this sphere. We conclude that ADW's management policy should: 1) use binding agreements to operational- ize a range of measures that compensate farmers who become providers of cultural products; 2) strengthen education and information so as to promote greater physical access and personal appreciation of the ADW's cultural goods and services; and 3) formulate an integrated set of social policies able to mitigate the negative socio-demographic trends that characterize the region and its population.


Since the consumption of heat energy in the wood drying process accounts for 60%-70% in wood manufacture, energy saving is very important during the wood drying. The author introduces a steam-jet heating pump into wood drying, which can reduce the energy consumption and improve the quality of wood drying. In the steam-jet heat pump, steam and water are the working substances, so condensing temperature could be higher than the refrigerant normally used in heat pump. It is suitable for wood drying of all kinds of species at different temperatures, especially in high-temperature drying. It possesses the merits of steam kiln drying and dehumidification drying,and avoids the disadvantages of no steaming and low temperature in dehumidification drying.


This research is to determine the factors influencing the export volume of Indonesian coffee. Free Varabel contained in this research is coffee production, world coffee price, exchange rate, inflation, while the dependent variable in this research is Indonesian coffee export volume. The data used in this research is the time series the during period of 1991-2016 with the amount of data 26. This research is done through the official website, among other : Central Statistic Agency, Directorate General of Estate Crops, International Coffea Organization,Word Bank. The method used is ECM. Based on the long-term estimation of coffee production variables, coffee prices, exchange rates, inflation did not significantly affect the export volume of Indonesian coffee. In the short term, production does not significantly affect the world coffee price, exchange rate, and inflation have a significant effect on the dependent variable.


Mobile terminal tracking is an important topic in wireless communications. A TDOA-based positioning method combining the interacting multiple models and the particle filter is proposed in this paper for non-cooperative target tracking in two dimensions. Three motion models, constant velocity, constant acceleration, and constant turning, and two-channel models, line of sight (LOS) and non-line of sight (NLOS), are considered to describe the trajectory of a mobile terminal in mixed LOS/NLOS environments. The particle filtering technique is employed for state estimation from a set of nonlinear TDOA measurements, and the interacting multiple models are used to mix the multiple motions and channel models to improve the accuracy of positioning. The simulation results are given to demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is close to the derived posterior Craḿer–Rao lower bound and outperforms the three-motion-model scheme with only an LOS channel model and the mixed LOS/NLOS schemes with single or two motion models. The average improvement over the whole time is larger than 40%.


Characterization of genetic tolerance to herbicides is an additional tool in identifying genes related to resistance in plant breeding programs. Thus, the objectives of this research were: to determine the genetic variability in wheat, white and black oat genotypes for tolerance to four ALS-inhibiting herbicides; to identify herbicides that are selective to wheat and oat cultivars; and to identify tolerant genotypes to use in wheat and oat breeding programs at the Universidade Federal de Pelotas. The results showed the existence of genetic variability in wheat for tolerance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides. Penoxsulam had no effect on dry matter production in the evaluated wheat and oat genotypes. Wheat genotypes ICA 7, BRS 208, CD 111, white oat (Albasul) and black oat (Agrozebu) showed tolerance to bispyribac-sodium and penoxsulam. Black oat (Agrozebu), also showed tolerance to metsulfuron-methyl.


The capability of control system affects the performance of fuel cell engine(FCE) significantly.Using appropriate control system is the key to realize the benefits of fuel cell system integration for automotive applications.In this paper the performance and reliability of proton exchange membranes fuel cell(PEMFC) engine are analyzed,and then the design aims of FCE control system are developed.Cooperated with its using conditions and avoiding failure measures,a useful FCE control system design method,including software and hardware,is offered.


In order to clarify the basic aerodynamic mechanisms of the hovering flight of the dragonfly, numerical simulations of the unsteady viscous flow around a tandem wing configuration have been performed using a three -dimensional Navier -Stokes code. The flow simulations are conducted for Anax parthenope julius as a typical dragonfly model. The total lifting force and specific necessary power predicted by the present simulation show close agreement with those observed experimentally for the present dragonfly model. The present code is furth er validated by comparing the results of the simulation with the experimental values of total lift and stroke -plane angle obtained using a robot.


Moral education website offers an available solution to low transmission speed and small influence areas of traditional moral education. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the design of one moral education website and the advantages of using it to help moral teaching. The reason for moral education website was discussed at the beginning of this paper. Development tools were introduced. The system design was illustrated with module design and database design. How to access data in SQL Server database are discussed in details. Finally a conclusion was made based on the discussions in this paper.


P 409. It has come to our attention that Baran and coworkers have reported examples for the synthesis of transβ-alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl cyclobutylcarboxy compounds, and their work should be added as new references inserted at "...for the preparation of optically enriched cis-β-aryl and heteroaryl cyclobutylcarboxy compounds, access to the trans isomers remains scarce." We apologize for the inadvertent omission, and the new references are given as ref 1 below:


Qu Yuans distinct theme and prominent features, reflected in the questions about history, enrich the poetry Tian Wen, in which the history of the rise and fall of some dynasties (mainly the Xia, Shang, Zhou Dynasties) have been discussed. The whole poetry is full of awareness of tragedy. In rational attitudes, Qu Yuan proposes many questions about the historical events through which his progressing historical views can be seen.


A study of the infrared spectra of Na, U, Pb, and Ag perxenates was conducted to understand the Xe-- O bonding properties in these compounds. All the spectra show an intense band in the 850 to 880 cm-1 region, which may be identified with the nu 3(fiu) vibration of the octahedral [XeO6] grouping. The possible structures of xenate and perxenate ions and compounds are discussed.


Xinjiang urbanization is conducive to eliminate the dual economic structure,reduce regional disparity,promote ethnic harmony,foster regional growth,and optimize resource allocation and economic structure.Therefore,urbanization plays extremely important role in promoting lasting political stability and great-leap-forward development in Xinjiang.This paper tests the dynamic relationship between urbanization and industrial development,financial expenditure,human capital accumulation with state space model after30 years' reform and opening up in Xinjiang,based on which policy suggestions are put forward.


To present results of a pilot study to develop software that identifies regions suspicious for prostate transition zone (TZ) tumor, free of user input.


The interface of hydrophilic and hydrophobic Si wafers joined at room temperature is studied using multiple internal transmission infrared absorption spectroscopy as a function of 30‐min annealing steps in N2 atmosphere up to 1100 °C. For hydrophilic wafers, water molecules are observed up to 300 °C, silanol groups up to 900 °C, and hydrogen up to 1000 °C. The absence of water spectral features above 300 °C implies that, if present, water molecules are mostly oriented in a plane parallel to the interface. For the hydrophobic wafers, the temperature dependence of the Si–H stretch spectra shows that the majority of H does not participate in the bonding, pointing to the role of impurities or defects.


The cancer pathway, from primary-care referral to specialist consultation, diagnostic test(s), decision to treat, treatment itself and, invariably, life-long follow-up, has the main aim of curing a patient with minimal morbidity, while maintaining their physical and psychological wellbeing. Recently, in the UK it was recommended that improvements in cancer outcome can be achieved through major organizational changes in cancer care by reorganizing cancer services into 'cancer networks' and adopting significant changes in professional practice through the promotion of specialization by individual consultants, a multidisciplinary approach and shared clinical protocols [101]. In urological oncology, it was recommended that all cancer patients should be managed by a multidisciplinary urological cancer team [102]. Taking this mandate forward, patterns of clinical practice have changed and at the heart of modern urological cancer care is the multidisciplinary team (MDT). The MDT consists of: • Consultant urologists; • Clinical and medical oncologists; • Radiologists with expertise in urological cancers to perform imaging investigations in accordance with the Royal College of Radiologists' Guidelines [1]; • A specialist uropathologist who reports on all the information required by the current Royal College of Pathologists' minimum dataset for the relevant cancer [103]; • Clinical nurse specialists who have a high level of skill in communication. Patient advocacy and provision of information and support for patients and carers are crucial aspects of this role; • An MDT coordinator, who organizes the weekly meeting and ensures that all required documentation is available at each meeting (e.g., patient lists and case notes); • A designated lead clinician (normally a consultant urologist) who will take overall responsibility for the service. According to the Guidance on Cancer Services: Improving Outcomes in Urological Cancers paper, the main roles of the MDT are: Provision of a rapid diagnostic and assessment service, including satisfying the 2-week-wait criterion [104];


Like its predecessors, the twentieth edition of State of the World provides an informed view of issues that are relevant and timely, in this instance framed by the experiences of the authors at the Johannesburg Earth Summit in August 2002. The eight chapters range in topic from new energy futures to the control of malaria, and from biodiversity to mining dependence, providing a wealth of example and detail. Although essentially problem focused, the Report as usual points to solution strategies and has one entire chapter devoted to innovation. An innovation in the Report itself is a time line for the year 2003 (pp.xix–xxiii) presented as a four-page chart of significant events and announcements distilled from those 12 months. Obviously selective, and not intended to be comprehensive, this chart nevertheless gives an interesting overview. There are various references here to the mounting evidence for climate change, neatly providing the context for the chapter on renewable energy (pp.85–109) in which Janet Sawin notes the disappointing outcome of the energy discussions in Johannesburg and the lack of action on development and investment in renewables (p.86). The apparent victory for high energy users and the oil-producing nations leads the author to comment that 'the world cannot afford to be held back indefinitely by those who are wedded to energy systems of the past' (p.86). As illustrated with regard to this and the other issues in the book, solutions exist or are within reach, but they require the political and corporate will to accept change and act accordingly.


The problems of engineering tests of reactor materials and fuels are examined and illustrated in terms of the needs for and experience encountered in the development of the cores for pressurized-water reactors. Tbe adaptation of facilities and test conditions to available test reactors is described along with the design problems of loops. The utillzation of irradiation testing is illustratod by a brief discussion of the program and results for the development of uranium oxide fuel for use in the Shippingport Pressurizod Water Heactor. (auth)


Description of the Delta Model 904 and the Thor/Agena Model 9A4 scientific and applications satellite launch vehicles, with projections of future growth and launch costs. These launch vehicles are shown to offer scientific and applications satellite mission planners a broad spectrum in performance capabilities together with unprecedented mission flexibility. Depending on the mission, these two medium class launch vehicles can be configured on the new universal boattail (UBT) Thor booster in either two or three stages with thrust augmentation of the UBT ranging from three to nine strap-on solid propellant motors. Both vehicles incorporate strapdown inertial guidance systems that allow flexible mission programming by computer so ftware changes rather than by adjustments.


I investigate how different dispersal patterns affect the evolution of cooperation in a spatially-structured population. I consider a finite fixed-size population of cooperators and free-riders residing on a one-dimensional lattice with periodic boundaries. Individuals interact via a multiplayer game, which is a version of a public goods game, and the population evolves via a Moran process. Individuals try to improve their interactions by evaluating the current state of the environment and moving to locations with better payoffs. I ran stochastic simulations of the evolution of this Markov process and found that if individuals disperse deterministically to locations with the best payoffs, then cooperation can still be maintained even in the worst-case scenarios, albeit at reduced levels compared to the better-case scenarios. This contrasts with an earlier investigation of probabilistic dispersal patterns, which resulted in the breakdown of cooperation in sparse populations with small interaction neighborhoods, a high mobility rate, and a large dispersal range.


Abstract : This study was the direct result of customer dissatisfaction due to problems associated with access into Bayne-Jones Army community Hospital (BJACH). On a recent Military Health Service System Performance Report Card, BJACH received satisfaction rates of only thirty-two percent and thirty-seven percent for "satisfaction with access" and "percent meeting appointment waiting standards," respectively. Therefore, the terminal objective of this study was to ascertain the most suitable staff mix in the BJACH Family Practice Clinic in order to enhance patience satisfaction by increasing their access to care. This determination was made by developing, running, and analyzing a number of separate animated simulation models using MedModel Simulation Software. The first model used the current, or status quo, staff levels. It was ran with eight providers with two exam rooms each and a nursing staff of nine. The second model the TDA model, was based on BJACH's current TDA authorized staff. This model was comprised of sic providers with two rooms each and eight nursing staff members. The final models used alternate staff numbers and examination room assignments. The best of the alternate models was Alternate Model D. This model consisted of seven providers assigned two or three rooms each and ten nursing staff. After the simulations were completed, the derived data was placed in a decision matrix and analyzed. Upon completion of the analysis, it was determined that the greatest patient access to the BJACH family practice providers was experienced with the staff levels and configuration defined in Alternate Model D. For this reason, it was recommended for implementation.


Purpose: The incidence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) in southern China remains unclear. This project aims to explore the onset and progression of DR and their determinants through a prospective cohort in South China. Methods: The Guangzhou Diabetic Eye Study (GDES) recruited patients with type 2 diabetic patients registered in the community health centres in Guangzhou, China. Patients with history of ocular treatment, severe refractive opacity, or other systemic diseases were excluded. Comprehensive examinations were performed including visual acuity, refraction, ocular biometry, fundus imaging, blood and urine tests. The biological samples were collected for further study. Results: A total of 2305 eligible patients were included in the final analysis. In total, 14.58% of the participants had any DR and 4.25% had vision-threatening DR (VTDR), among which 76 (3.30%), 197 (8.55%), 45 (1.95%) and 17 (0.74%) were classified as mild NPDR, moderate NPDR, severe NPDR and PDR, respectively. There were 93 (4.03%) patients of diabetic macular edema (DME). The presence of any DR was independently associated with a longer duration of DM, higher degree of HbA1C, insulin treatment, higher average arterial pressure, higher concentration of serum creatinine, presence of urinary microalbumin, older age, and lower BMI (all P <0.001). For VTDR, 7 factors were significant: older age, a longer duration of DM, higher concentration of HbA1c, use of insulin, lower BMI, higher concentration of serum creatinine, and high albuminuria (all P<0.05). These factors were also independently associated with DME (all P <0.001). Conclusions: The GDES is the first large-scale prospective cohort study of the diabetic population in southern urban China, which will help to identify newer imaging and genetic biomarkers for DR in this population.


The site coefficients in the common requirements for seismic design codes, which were promulgated in 2017, were reevaluated and the standard design spectrum for soil sites were newly proposed in order to ensure the consistency of the standard design spectra for rock and soil sites specified in the common requirements. Using the 55 ground motions from domestic and overseas intraplate earthquakes, which were used to derive the standard design spectrum for rock sites, as rock outcropping motions, site response analyses of Korean soil were performed and its ground-motion-amplification was characterized. Then, the site coefficients for soil sites were reevaluated. Compared with the existing site coefficients, the newly proposed short-period site coefficient Fa increased and the long-period site coefficient Fv decreased overall. A new standard design spectrum for soil sites was proposed using the reevaluated site coefficients. When compared with the existing design spectrum, it could be seen that the proposed site coefficients and the standard design spectrum for soil sites were reasonably derived. They reflected the short-period characteristics of earthquake and soil in Korea.


This paper examines network slicing within the radio access network which employs an orthogonal frequency division multiple access system for downlink communications. Its radio resources are allocated among slices configured for specific 5G use cases as well as other non-5G services. This work sets out to achieve optimal resource provisioning and power allocation within the context of priority slicing where slices are assigned priority levels by the base station. A mixed-integer non-linear programming problem is formulated to maximize the throughput of a best effort slice while satisfying the constraints of the high priority 5G slices. The problem is simplified and relaxed into a convex optimization problem. Three scenarios under various conditions are presented to serve as benchmarks. The impact of the chosen schedulers on the allocations, intra-slice, and inter-slice contentions is also examined. The results highlight that the wireless network can satisfy the quality-of-service requirements of opposing levels of priorities of traffic while simultaneously mitigating both inter-slice and intra-slice contentions under conditions mirroring that of practical wireless network deployments. Furthermore, it is proven that the convex approximation problem serves as a reasonable approximation of the original MINLP problem.


It does not occur to provide a reduction in luminance and an electroluminescent element comprising the electro-optical device to optimize the footprint of less peripheral circuitry, which includes a light emitting portion electro-optical device, and a peripheral circuit, which is supplied to the pixel electrode of the light emitting portion current is controlled; the area of the light-emitting portion is smaller than the area of the pixel electrode; shape of the light emitting portion with a shape different from the pixel electrode.


Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective therapeutic intervention in the elderly patients with major depression, especially those with psychosis, suicidality, catatonia, nutritional compromise, and resistance to medications. Response rates can be as high as 80%. We present an extensive review of the relevant literature, provide a description of the ECT program at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia, USA, and present results of our experience with ECT in fifty elderly patients. The treatments were safe, well tolerated, and produced high response rates, variably between 68% and 84%. Patients in the long-term maintenance ECT program continue to show sustained benefits from ECT.


A novel donor of SET reactions, 1,1-bis(trimethylsilylmethyl)-2-phenylcyclopropane (BTCP), was designed to function as a homoallylic 1-phenyl-3-(trimethylsilylmethyl)-3-butenyl radical (5). Thus, non-irradiated reaction of BTCP with DDQ or chloranil gave a six-membered cyclic compound, which corresponds to a Diels–Alder adduct of 3-trimethylsilylmethyl-1,3-butadiene derived from BTCP. The photoinduced electron transfer reaction of BTCP with ketones afforded the C–C coupling products of 5 in high yields.


A simple approach for optically generating monocycle and doublet UWB pulses in a single SOA is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The scheme is switchable in both pulse shape and pulse polarity.


The article studies how feminist pedagogy in gender education is used to transform the mindset of students, their families and ultimately society. Brazilian theorist Paul Freire describes the oppressor-oppressed (discriminatory) relationship in society in the Pedagogy of the Oppressed. According to Freire, education is a direct political act and can transform society as well as a libertarian style of pedagogy where everyone speaks, expresses their opinions and attains their rights. In feminist pedagogy inspired by Freire, the structures and systems that sustain the discrimination against women are identified as early as the school level and are subsequently transformed to minimize negative attitudes toward girls. Feminist pedagogy, started to take its place in academia as a field that supports the critical thinking structure after the 1980s in Turkey. It aims to strengthen the student's self-esteem, independence and questioning abilities, especially to criticize the patriarchal social structure and to promote the gender equality. Feminist pedagogy is applied in the state and private universities in Turkey. The paper focuses on the author's teaching experience of "Gender Studies" course with 348 Turkish and foreign students in a private university in Istanbul between 2019–2022. Feminist pedagogy was applied in terms of the content and method in the classroom and the survey that was conducted to measure the impacts of the method in terms of transformation. The paper contributes to gender studies of scholars with a feminist perspective on how to apply that methodology. Based on a study of the effectiveness of teaching the mentioned discipline, recommendations for improving the pedagogical content were made


The experiment with oil-tea camellia meal to control snail was carried out by means of immersion and insufflations.The results showed that,oil-tea camellia meal which contained saponin 14.8%,for exposure 2 d and 3 d with the dosage of 10.0mg / L by immersion method in lab,the snail corrected mortality rates were 100%.The snail controlling effect of oil-tea camellia meal was related to drug dosage and exposure time,showing obvious dose-effect and time-effect relationship.For exposure 7 d with the dosage of 4.0g / m2and 8.0 g / m2by insufflations method in lab,the snail corrected mortality rates respectively was 96.84% and 100.0%,The snail controlling effects of saponin was basically the same as niclosamide.


Language immersion from birth is crucial to a child's language development. However, language immersion can be particularly challenging for hearing parents of deaf children to provide as they may have to overcome many difficulties while learning American Sign Language (ASL). We are in the process of creating a mobile application to help hearing parents learn ASL. To this end, we have interviewed members of our target population to gain understanding of their motivations and needs when learning sign language. We found that the most common motivation for parents learning ASL is better communication with their children. Parents are most interested in acquiring more fluent sign language skills through learning to read stories to their children.


While analyzing scanned documents, handwritten text can overlap with printed text. This overlap causes difficulties during the optical character recognition (OCR) and digitization process of documents, and subsequently, hurts downstream NLP tasks. Prior research either focuses solely on the binary classification of handwritten text or performs a three-class segmentation of the document, i.e., recognition of handwritten, printed, and background pixels. This approach results in the assignment of overlapping handwritten and printed pixels to only one of the classes, and thus, they are not accounted for in the other class. Thus, in this research, we develop novel approaches to address the challenges of handwritten and printed text segmentation. Our objective is to recover text from different classes in their entirety, especially enhancing the segmentation performance on overlapping sections. To support this task, we introduce a new dataset, SignaTR6K, collected from real legal documents, as well as a new model architecture for the handwritten and printed text segmentation task. Our best configuration outperforms prior work on two different datasets by 17.9% and 7.3% on IoU scores. The SignaTR6K dataset is accessible for download via the following link: https://forms.office.com/r/2a5RDg7cAY.


Customer experience (CX) is an important contributor to business performance. Yet, studies vary in defining CX, variables and constructs, and measurement to performance. This study defined CX and the direct impact to market capitalization (MC) of US public companies. The CX definition combined Customer Experience Quality (CEQ) with Customer Satisfaction (CSAT), Customer Loyalty (CLY), and Net Promoter Score (NPS). Each dimension was measured to the extent to which they impact MC. The sample consisted of 1605 US customers of US publicly traded companies. Using correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and confirmatory factor analysis, the individual variables of CEQ were positively and significantly correlated with MC and with each other. CEQ, CSAT, CLY, and NPS were also positively and significantly correlated with MC, and the holistic CX was predictive of MC. Companies can apply the insights of the study to improve their customer experience to deliver measurable business and shareholder value.


Here we discuss the recent trends in developing surgical technologies, their impact on the incidence of healthcare associated infections (HAIs), and approaches for the efficient infection control. Features of the contemporary surgery include permanent increase in the number of minimally invasive interventions, implants, and transplants, ongoing development of surgical equipment, and constant improvement in anesthesiology techniques, along with the decrease in use of natural suture materials and length of hospital stay all resulting in a significant decline in the incidence of HAIs. Perioperative use of antimicrobial agents, refusal of preoperative shaving, implementation of barrier methods, and improvement in sterilization also contributed to this trend. However, the risk of severe complications significantly increased, and the multidrug-resistant microorganisms became widespread. Currently, permanent monitoring and risk assessment are the main approaches to overcome these problems.


T ADELE LEHMAN H A L L — W o l l m a n Library is the first new building on the Barnard Campus in over thirty years. A building on a college campus in a city such as New York where each square inch of ground is hallowed is faced with many obstacles before it sees the light of day. A mere open space, to say nothing of trees and shrubbery, though of doubtful lineage, looms in the eyes and affection of some of the college community and its alumnae as possessing values not easily outweighed by a library of even the world's greatest thinkers. That Barnard dedicated its new library-classroom building on April 5 is evidence of the final decision of the trustees that new library facilities were essential for the continued educational growth of the college.


The article discusses the interaction of evidentiality categories, typical of many Turkic, Finno-Ugric, Samoyed, certain Slavic, and other languages with the categories of epistemic modality, which is widely represented particularly in Germanic languages. The methodological framework of this study consists of the general philosophic, general scientific and private levels. The general philosophic methodology is based on the analytic philosophy, under the linguistic trend of which the language study was carried out to solve philosophic problems. The general scientific methodological bases of the study are related to the principle of identifying similarities and differences of the categories analyzed and the systematicity of description, whereas the descriptive method and techniques thereof are used primarily as the private-linguistic methods. In contrast to evidentiality, indicating the source of information, the epistemic modality marks different level of the information reliability. In the modern German language, the categories studied have a zone of intersection in terms of community within the means of expression, to which modal words and modal verbs as well as the verb scheinen can be primarily related. However, in the modern German language, there is no question of the category of evidentiality in the plane, within which it is currently being studied basing on the material of those languages, to the fragment of the grammatical system of which it is primarily inherent. As a rule, the semantics of evidentiality in these languages provides no information on the degree of reliability of the source of knowledge. To overcome the contradiction of such nature, this work suggests paying attention to the category of epistemic status of an utterance, the semantic structure of which is wider than evidentiality and epistemic modality and includes the level of reliability of the source of knowledge along with the designation thereof. In today's German language, there are units functioning that mark simultaneously both parameters of the situation, on which an utterance is based.


Al-Ti intermetallic compound was synthesized by the circumrotate extrusion alloying. Both the structural evolution of elemental during mechanical alloying and the effect of heat treatment on microstructure of Al-Ti compounds were investigated by XRD and SEM. The results show that the nubbly compound is composed of Al3Ti, Al5Ti2 and the single phase with grain size of micrometer scale, after circumrotate extrusion alloying. It shows many low strength diffraction peak phases, and more obvious diffraction peak of Al3Ti compound appear at 500℃ . After prolonging the holding time, it can accelerate the alloying reaction. At the same time, the grain size grows after heat treatment, but still in micrometer scale.


Three experiments were carried out to obtain data on optimum water and nitrogen regimes for growing fodder sorghum; on cattle liveweight gains on irrigated fodder sorghum and grain sorghum regrowth; and on cattle liveweight gains on green chop fodder sorghum in feed lots. Near maximum dry matter yields of fodder sorghum were obtained with 180 kg ha-1 nitrogen and 4- weekly irrigation. Fodder sorghum grazed at 6.4 and 4.0 head ha-1 for 26 weeks gave mean liveweight gains of 0.36 and 0.41 kg head-1 day -1. Ratooned grain sorghum grazed at 4.0 head ha-1 gave 0.35 kg head-1 day-1, but was unable to carry 6.4 head ha-1. Green chop fodder sorghum fed at the preflowering and at the soft dough stages gave mean liveweight gains of 0.48 and 0.37 kg head-1 day-1 over 26 weeks.


In dental resin cement studies, viscosity is also an important factor in the adhesion of tooth defects and implants. This study used BisGMA and HPMA as the main ingredients, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) as a diluent, and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as a photoinitiator. The physical properties of graphene oxide used as an additive for functionality were evaluated, and its use as a dental resin cement material was investigated.The rupture strength has the tendency to increase along with the increase of the ratio of graphene oxide that was added, which seemed to reflect the effect of the high strength property of graphene oxide. The flexural strength also has the tendency to increase when about 0.5% of graphene oxide was added the same as the increase of rupture strength.When graphene oxide was added, according to viscosity use, the utilization as high-quality dental resin cements will increase.


This paper put forward a control system of two-for-one twister in order to better meet the requirements of modern production.This control piatform of system is based on PLC combined with the frequency control and servo drive technique to simplify the driving system,improve the integration level of machine-electricity of the system.The synchronization problem of different mechanisms in production is solved well by this control system.


We sought to examine our outcomes with advanced preoperative and intraoperative radiation therapy (XRT) combined with aggressive en bloc surgical resection of retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) as a strategy to minimize the risk of local recurrence (LR).


Recently we reported the synthesis and some remarkable CNS activities of 3-[(1-imidazolyl)acylamino]- and 3-[(1,2,4-triazol-3-thione-2-yl)acylamino]- substituted-4(3H)-quinazolinones. All these results prompted us to combine 5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 2-methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone nucleus incorporating an aminoacetamido side chain into a single molecule and to evaluate its anticonvulsant and spontaneus locomotor activity depressant properties


The magnetic anisotropy sensor (MAS) is based on the phenomenon that steel materials, when brought under application of stress, changes their magnetic anisotropy. The MAS has a small, light probe and is capable of noncontact stress measurement. In this paper, the magnetic anisotropy existing in steel materials is related to directional permeability, and on the assumption of elliptical distribution of directional permeability, a conversion theory is derived. It is derived from the theory that, in the range where directional permeability changes linearly with stress, the MAS output voltage changes linearly with stress. Experimental results disclosed good linearity between MAS output voltage and stress over the range of stress measurement -200 ∼ +200 [MPa], verifying the validity of the theory.


We experimentally investigate the 6S 1/2–8S 1/2 two-photon transition in cesium vapor by a single laser. A blue (455.5 and 459.3 nm) fluorescence signal is observed as a result of 822.5 nm laser beams illuminating the Cs vapor with a counter-propagating configuration. The dependences of the fluorescence intensity on the polarization combinations of the laser beams, laser power and vapor temperature are studied to obtain optimal experimental parameters. The frequency difference between the two hyperfine components of 4158 (7) MHz is measured with a Fabry–Perot interferometer as a frequency reference. Such a large spectral isolation and the insensitivity to the Earth's magnetic field enable the 6S 1/2–8S 1/2 transition to be a stable frequency standard candidate for a frequency-doubled 1644 nm laser in the U-band window for quantum telecommunication.


A variety of different evaluation models are presented in the evaluation literature. These mostly fall into the following categories: results models, process models, system models, economic models, actor models, and programme theory models. This raises the question:'how can evaluation sponsors and evaluators decide how to design an evaluation with so many models to choose from?' In this article, several - mutually incompatible - recommendations are discussed. Design should be determined by the purpose of the evaluation, the object of evaluation or the problem to be solved by the evaluated programme or agency. The recommendations are based on different rationales: goals-means, context-based values and programme theory. Furthermore, in practice other logics may influence the evaluation design processes. Four hypotheses concerning such logics are proposed: negotiation, appropriateness,'routine' and projection of competence.


In this paper, we report two density peaks in argon helicon plasma under an axial magnetic field from 0 G to 250 G with Boswell-type antenna driven by radio frequency (RF) power of 13.56 MHz. The first peak locates at 40–55 G and the second one at 110–165 G, as the RF power is sustainably increased from 100 W to 250 W at Ar pressure of 0.35 Pa. The absorbed power of two peaks shows a linear relationship with the magnetic field. End views of the discharge taken by intensified charge coupled device reveal that, when the first peak appeared, the discharge luminance moves to the edge of the tube as the magnetic field increases. For the second peak, the strong discharge area is centered at the two antenna legs after the magnetic field reaches a threshold value. Comparing with the simulation, we suggest that the efficient power absorption of two peaks at which the efficient power absorption mainly appears in the near-antenna region is due to the mode conversion in bounded non-uniform helicon plasma. The two low-field peaks are caused, to some extent, by the excitation of Trivelpiece-Gould wave through non-resonance conversion.


Abstract : A computer program was developed for solving equality and inequality constrained optimization problems by the Augmented Lagrange Multiplier method. The program was developed specifically for use in engineering design. The historical evolution and theoretical development of the multiplier method is presented. Several examples are used to demonstrate the effects of penalty parameters and multipliers on the convergence and accuracy of the method. Computational experience with variations to the method is documented. A brief literature search of the multiplier method's application to engineering design is summarized. The method is demonstrated with several mathematical and engineering examples. A comparison to classical penalty methods and the method of feasible directions was performed in each case.


This paper seeks to examine one particular aspect of the legacy of entertainer Michael Jackson: his relationship to the black community. I will argue that sections of the black community, and leaders like Al Sharpton and Louis Farrakhan, used Jackson as a screen onto which various fears and anxieties could be projected.


LB-244 Abstract LB-244 was submitted as a Late-Breaking Abstract and is embargoed until the time of presentation. The complete abstract will be posted to this site at or after the following date and time: 4/15/2008 1:00 PM.


The technical scope of the invention is that the manufacturing equipment of non-destructive measures suited to handling devices and conveying objects continuously, such as control of maturity and / or dimensions of fruits and vegetables. The present invention relates to a non-destructive measurement device in real time on fragile objects (1), continuously moving on a type of conveying system comprising receiving cups (2) in which are placed and driven said objects one by one, along a given directional plane (P). This device includes at least one support arm (3) articulated at one end (4), a pad (5) secured to the other end of said arm and the lower surface (6) is cylindrical, the generatrix is perpendicular to said plane (P), and such that each of said objects (1) rolls under and against said surface (6) by relative rotational movement, and at least one sensor for a non-destructive measurement of a parameter of each of said objects ( 1).


To implement network coding, users need to coordinate and cooperate with respect to their strategies in terms of duplicating and transmitting side information across specific parts of the network. In unicast applications where users have no inherent interest in providing (or concealing) their information to (or from) any destinations except for their unique one, this assumption becomes critical in the face of users' autonomy. This paper addresses the issue of cooperation in unicast network coding via a game theoretic approach. Implementation of a given network coding scheme induces a network coding game among source-destination pairs (users). In a network with autonomous and rational unicast flows, the equilibrium properties (as well as efficiency) of a network coding scheme is shown to be related to the properties of the corresponding network coding game. In a simple generalization of butterfly networks with two users, we propose a network coding scheme whose capacity achieving operation coincides with users' dominant strategies.


Liu, X., Burras, C. L., Kravchenko, Y. S., Duran, A., Huffman, T., Morras, H., Studdert, G., Zhang, X., Cruse, R. M. and Yuan, X. 2012. Overview of Mollisols in the world: Distribution, land use and management. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 383–402. Mollisols – a.k.a., Black Soils or Prairie Soils – make up about 916 million ha, which is 7% of the world's ice-free land surface. Their distribution strongly correlates with native prairie ecosystems, but is not limited to them. They are most prevalent in the mid-latitudes of North America, Eurasia, and South America. In North America, they cover 200 million ha of the United States, more than 40 million ha of Canada and 50 million ha of Mexico. Across Eurasia they cover around 450 million ha, extending from the western 148 million ha in southern Russia and 34 million ha in Ukraine to the eastern 35 million ha in northeast China. They are common to South America's Argentina and Uruguay, covering about 89 million and 13 million ha, respectively. Mollisols are often rec...


We explore the ups and downs of trade protectionism in Indonesia since the Asian financial crisis of 1997–98. The key constraints to unilateral trade reform include exchange rate factors, the political economy of consumer–producer behaviour, institutional complexity and global pressures. We conclude that trade reform is likely to face difficulties, with protectionism on the rise again, but that, during the temporary halt in the World Trade Organization's Doha Round of trade negotiations, Indonesia may be able to use regional and international engagement to counterbalance rising protectionism.


Facing of the high-speed aging era,scholars at home and abroad studied the influence of aging population from every aspect of society and economy,especially about economic growth.Basing on economic growth in the size of the contribution of each factor,starting from savings,labor productivity,human capital and other several aspects,this article generalizedresearch progress of this field and summary focus and divisions.


are coming onto the market constantly. For example, in the last 2 years, EPA has approved 15 new fungicides. agree that the Delaney clause is an outdated approach for protecting consumers from pesticide residues. Clearly, the loss of selected pesticide uses may affect the price or seasonal availability of particular commodities. Theoretically, a "zero risk" approach to cancer for these few pesticides could lead to use of alternative pesticides with more net risks, but no cancer risks. These costs to society buy little in the way of additional public health protection. That is why in 1994 the Clinton Administration sought to amend the nation's food safety legislation to replace Delaney and other standards with a single legal standard of a "reasonable certainty of no harm" (a "negligible risk" for carcinogens) for all pesticide residues on all foods. Such a public health-based standard would allow Congress to ensure that the people in this country would continue to enjoy the safest food supply in the world. Unfortunately, the debate over the Delaney clause has been contentious and has resulted in a protracted deadlock. Inaccurate facts and overheated rhetoric only hurt the chances of breaking the deadlock in any constructive way and divert attention from the central issue-how to strengthen our food safety protection system. Lynn R. Goldman Assistant Administrator, Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA


The epigenetic regulation of gene transcription underlies the diversity between species and within organisms. Novel implementation of existing methods and the development of original technologies continue to contribute to the elucidation of chromatin complexity. Here, we present strategies to understand how chromatin is regulated and organized. First, we turned our attention to the Polycomb Group (PcG), which is composed of proteins that suppress transcription through the formation and function of complexes, including Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1). Suppressor 2 of zeste (Su(z)2), a core subunit of the PRC1 complex, is composed of an N-terminal "homology region", which contains domains involved in protein interactions, and the C-terminal region (CTR), which is believed to harbor the core activity of chromatin compaction. By conducting a mutagenesis screen and a classical genetics approach to dissect Su(z)2, we have made three key observations: the CTR is dispensable for viability, the core activity of Su(z)2 actually resides within the HR instead of the CTR, and an intramolecular regulatory cascade exists between the CTR and HR. These findings provide a novel framework on which to understand how different PRC1 activities may be regulated by Su(z)2. Secondly, since differences in chromatin regulation between cell types has been linked to differences in nuclear organization, we developed an adaptation of Oligopaints, a fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technology, for the assessment of whole genome organization across single cells. We optimized the design of Oligopaint probe libraries and developed a new labeling strategy in order to improve cost-effectiveness and experimental flexibility for whole


Direct melt/solid polycondensation of lactic acid(LA)was carried out to obtain high molecular weight poly(lactic acid)(PLA)by a process using various catalysts in the first-step melt polycondensation,and followed solid polycondensation by using p-toulenesulfonic acid monohydrate(TSA)as the catalyst in the second step.Effects of various catalysts and reaction temperature on the molecular weight and crystallinity of resulting PLA polymers were examined.It was shown that SnCl_2·2H_2O/TSA,SnCl_2·2H_2O/succin...


The theoretical studies on the electronic and lattice properties of the series of non-centrosymmetric superconductors ThTSi, where T = Co, Ni, Ir, and Pt are presented. The electronic band structure and crystal parameters were optimized within the density functional theory. The spin-orbit coupling leads to the splitting of the electronic bands and Fermi surfaces, with the stronger effect observed for the compounds with the heavier atoms Ir and Pt. The possible mixing of the spin-singlet and spin-triplet pairing in the superconducting state is discussed. The phonon dispersion relations and phonon density of states were obtained using the direct method. The dispersion curves in ThCoSi and ThIrSi exhibit the low-energy modes along the S-N-S$_0$ line with the tendency for softening and dynamic instability. We calculate and analyse the contributions of phonon modes to lattice heat capacity. Additionally, the experimental data of the upper critical magnetic field $H_{c2}$ were fitted using a two-band version of the Werthamer--Helfand--Hohenberg theory.


Received: 20 December 2019 Accepted: 18 August 2020 Industrial wastes generally pumped into water bodies and soil that would pollute the atmosphere. As a control measure, industrial wastes products utilized as waste building materials. In the present research, waste products from various industries like illuminate sludge and glass bottle powder used in different dosages as a replacement for fine aggregate and metakaolin used as a cement replacement. Split tensile strength and compressive strength of the concrete samples examined for M30 grade. Fine aggregate is substituted by glass bottle powder (i.e. 10 to 40%) and illuminate sludge (i.e. 10 to 30%). Metakaolin substituted for cement replacement (i.e. 4 to 12%). Glass bottle does not pollute the atmosphere, but the disposal of waste glass results wastage of land. Thereby glass bottle powder can be utilized as a cement replacement in the construction industry. Then the metakaolin and illuminate sludge are the waste products from the titanium product. The experiment performed to assess the strength properties by incorporating various industrial wastes in different dosages. Physical tests of all three products have carried out according to the code requirements. Three specimens have been tested for each industrial waste products ratio to examine the tensile and compressive strength of concrete at 7th day, 14th day and 28th day and eventually to cure to achieve the optimum strength of concrete. Addition of these industrial wastes into the concrete showed an outstanding improvement in modulus of rupture, split tensile strength and compressive strength at an early and later ages.


The benefits and advantages offered by a Japanese lesson study 'The Little Pea' by Amy Krouse Rosenthal are discussed. The study involves students in a discussion about the number of peas they would expect to find in each pod.


The aim of this monograph—to explore how early Christ-followers responded to demands for their loyalty to Rome and its leaders—is incompletely met. In twelve chapters the author explores social pressures on the earliest Christ-followers to conform to conventional expressions of loyalty to the Roman Empire. Through the primary evidence of imperial cultic veneration recorded in official inscriptions, and against the background of the New Testament corpus, the author's aim is to evaluate the responses of the earliest followers of Christ. In chapter 1 (''The All-Pervasive and Inescapable Imperial Cultic Phenomena''), the author presents the aim and the scope of the project. I was particularly drawn to the variety of responses/different reactions at both local and provincial levels the author promised he would focus on. However, I was disappointed. On page 2 the author asks, ''How then would the first Christians cope with the requirement to give honours to the Julio-Claudian Caesars? Would they remain steadfast, observing the clear parameter laid by the founder of their faith by obeying his command regardless of enormous societal pressures?'' I would prefer to use ''early Christ-followers'' instead of ''first Christians,'' and one may question what the author means exactly by ''the clear parameter laid by the founder of their faith.'' In chapter 2 (''Festivities, Holidays, New Honours and Golden Ages''), the author proposes ''to explore (I) the variety of festivities held for entertainment as an integral part of imperial cultic celebrations; (II) the intensity of local celebrations throughout the year on high and holy day, called 'no work' days in official calendars; (III) the changing of New Year's day in birth of 'of the most divine Caesar' Augustus; and (IV) the poetic lauding of Augustus for giving the empire its first 'Golden Age' and Nero its second'' (23). The chapter is successful. The author shows a balanced treatment of the evidence. However, the author could have been more nuanced in his parallel to how the Christfollowers responded to Augustus's birthday celebration. From the shepherds' announcement of Jesus's birth (Luke 2:10–12), he estimates that ''there was already an ideological clash with the savior of the Christians and that of the citizens of Rome'' (37). That is really stretching the narrative's argument, without even considering Luke's aim with this particular pericope. The next chapter (''Honours to, for and by the Caesars and Reciprocal Benefits'') allows the reader to understand the difference between praying for the safety of the emperor, and praying to the emperor. These two prepositions are crucial in differentiating the stances diverse groups in the empire took, and how ''the trilogy of imperial cultic acts 'to,' 'for' and 'by' the emperor was followed by imperial reciprocity to those delegations'' (60). The author could take more critical distance in evaluating the evidence. For example, he makes a theological value judgment in chapter 4 (''Imperial Endorsement of Divine Titles and 'Declining' New Temples'') when he states, ''Whatever the spectrum of the understanding of each of these titles in the Roman Empire, it is clear that Christians in the first century could not at the same time and in all good conscience use divine titles both of Jesus and of any emperor, reigning or deceased, and in some instances, members of his family'' (63). The question is, How does one know that? The author, at times, seems to be confused with historical investigations in contradistinction to theological pursuits. For example, his question of whether early Christ-followers borrowed imperial titles to appropriate to Jesus, thus portraying him as a rival of the Roman emperors (76), is a historical query. But the question, ''Was Jesus a superior divinity whose perpetual divinity was not awarded by his followers, as he claimed to have possessed it before he became a man?'' (ibid.) is a theological concern, which has nothing to do with historical interests.


In a paper by one of us (A.T.P.) entitled 'The theory of magnetotelluric methods when the source field is considered' [1962], various cases were examined where the dimensions of the source field might have to be considered when interpreting magnetotelluric measurements. Most of the paper was about measurements in land areas, but a brief reference was made on page 1916 to measurements at sea.

It was rightly concluded that for measurements—made over seas of depth greater than about 200 meters—of relatively rapid oscillations of the geomagnetic field (period ∼ 100 sec), the finite dimensions of the source field could be ignored and the relatively simple Cagniard formulas could be applied. For slower geomagnetic fluctuations of the order of a day, Price stated that the magnetotelluric results even over deep oceans 'will be almost entirely determined by the source field and practically independent of the induced field.' That statement is incorrect, however; it resulted from a numerical slip in the calculation of a scaling factor. The factor 0.19 in the last paragraph on page 1916 should, in fact, be 1.90. When this correction is made, it appears that the Cagniard formulas would be applicable over an ocean of depth 5 km for an oscillation with a period of 1 day, if the wavelength of the field source were greater than about 3×104 km. The maximum possible wavelength is 4×104 km, i.e. the circumference of the earth. For oscillations of shorter period, say n−1 days, the minimum permissible wavelength of the field source would be reduced by about the same factor. Hence it appears that the Cagniard formulas could be used over the oceans for geomagnetic oscillations of periods up to 1 day, provided that the source fields are of sufficiently large dimensions.


This paper discusses the emergence of social movements To Pulo with the issue of a new government and the development of the New Order. Today, the issue is increasingly disappearing in local political discourse in Kepulauan Selayar. This paper will explore how these things to happen to focus on the political disorientationand why the role of intermediary actors To Pulo weakened middle class. To explain this case, the use of social movement theory perspective of social identity theory and case study research method. The purpose of this paper to describe a social movement To Pulo by answering questions; how To Pulo social movements?; Why did political disorientation inside could be happened?; Why did middle-class intermediary role fi zzle?. The conclusion is the disorientation caused by the absence of a strong commitment. And the weak role of the intermediary is caused by internal confl icts To Pulo.


This letter presents the concept and development of a novel triband base station antenna array for the two fifth-generation (5G) new radio frequency ranges, i.e., frequency range 1 (FR1) and frequency range 2 (FR2). The proposed array combines three different dipole-shaped antenna arrays, one designed for FR2 and two for FR1 standardized bands, aiming sectorial coverage, multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO), and massive MIMO applications. Particularly, a total of 98 radiating elements implies 80, 16, and 2 antenna array elements for the 26 GHz band (N258 channel), 3.5 GHz band (N77 and N78 channels), and sub-GHz band (N20 and N28 channels), respectively. Experimental results, in accordance to ANSYS HFSS numerical simulations, demonstrate dual-polarization feature and the following bandwidths: 0.65–0.88, 2.76–4.2, and 24.9–27.8 GHz. Regarding the array radiation pattern and MIMO figures of merit, the coupling among the array adjacent elements is kept lower than <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math></inline-formula>20 dB and envelope correlation coefficient lower than 0.005. Furthermore, all the array elements provide a beamwidth of approximately 60<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{\circ }$</tex-math></inline-formula>, cross polarization lower than <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math></inline-formula>20 dB, and gain varying from 7 to 9.7 dBi over the 5G bands.


Ionone reacted with concentrated sulphuric acid at low temperature to form α Ionone、 β Ionone, γ Ionone and small amounts of by product (I) and (II). The by\|product(I) was isolated and purified by fractionation, meanwhile, its structure was indentified by GC IR,GC MS and 1H NMR methods. The structure of by product(I) is 3,4,4a,5,8,8a hexahydro 2,5,5,8a tetramethyl 2H 1 benzopyran.


Increasing evidence has demonstrated that high TTN‐AS1 expression is highly related to poor prognosis in diverse human cancers. However, the findings concerning the prognostic value of TTN‐AS1 were inconsistent, as these conclusions were usually drawn with relatively small sample sizes. Hence, this meta‐analysis proposes to investigate the prognostic significance of TTN‐AS1 in multiple malignancies systematically.


Orientation of poly-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate under magnetic field has been measured in liquid-crystalline solution and in film, cast and dried from the solution, by means of optical and electrostatic methods. The orientation which is in the direction of the external field is of an antiparallel type and proposed to be due to induced magnetic dipoles of the side chain groups of the polypeptide molecules. Although the orientation is poor in solution, it is striking in film, and some cooperative behavior of the permanent electric dipoles in a system of the molecular clusters of the polypeptide and of the solvent molecules, which becomes especially prominent as the solution is dried up, is suggested to be involved. Some wall effects from the surfaces of the optical cell used, however, make it difficult of detect true magnetic orientation in solution.


THE choice of my subject this evening has been motivated primarily by the stress given at the National Health Conference of 1938 to the plight of that one-third of our nation which is attempting to exist on an average family income too small to provide the food, clothing, shelter, and medical care needed for the maintenance of health. It is motivated further by the tendency of later public discussion of medical care to center about this lowest economic group and the marginal group just above. It is motivated by this tendency to confuse the health service which was designed to serve the public as a whole, with other services designed to benefit only certain economic and occupational groups; by the tendency to confuse public health medicine with relief medicine, including under this term the various types of sickness insurance that have been proposed. It is, of course, one of the teachings of public health administration that the


Sport is seen as an increasingly important dimension of civic planning programmes and has moved to the forefront of agendas for cities of the present and future. This has occurred as the barriers between so-called 'high' and 'popular' culture are apparently breaking down. Sport is no longer necessarily viewed in fundamentally oppositional terms to the arts, but as an important dimension in plans for the cultural regeneration of cities. Urban regeneration through cultural means has moved steadily onto civic planning agendas in western nations since the 1980s, culture thus taking on increasing responsibility for the economic renewal of cities. Urban economic regeneration is most visible in the commercial rejuvenation of rundown city quarters where trendy bars and coffee houses have replaced shabby shopfronts and taken over formerly grand buildings such as banks and even churches. More traditional cultural sites such as art galleries and museums have also undergone refurbishment – construction in some cases – and entered the commercial fray with the gift-shop becoming an integral part of the gallery visit as a cultural experience. Dedicated initiatives such as the European Capital of Culture, instituted by the European Union in 1985 have heightened the clamour towards civic renewal and reinvention through culture conceived in all-encompassing terms. My own case-study of Newcastle/Gateshead's ultimately unsuccessful bid for the title of European City of Culture 2008 (Hughson 2004) was an investigative foray into how sport, having seemingly acquired the status of culture, became an integral symbolic component of that city's bid. The Newcastle/Gateshead campaign relied heavily on imagery of cultural landmarks; traditional sites such as the Tyne Bridge, Grey's Monument, the Theatre Royal and the Georgian architecture of John Dobson's Grey Street were matched with more recent sites such as the Baltic Gallery and Antony Gormley's imposing 'Angel of the North' statue. Taking its place within this montage – both in photographic and video publicity – was St. James's Park, home stadium of Premier Football League club Newcastle United. Whereas football stadiums tend to be located outside of city-centres, St. James's Park is situated on Newcastle city's western edge with elevation; it can be seen from numerous vantage points within the city. This real visual prominence undoubtedly aided the projection of the Stadium, and hence football, onto the symbolic landscape of the 'city of culture'. Removed from the imagery and related hype, a number of questions are raised for those prepared to look critically at the drawing of sport into the realm of culture, in campaigns such as Newcastle/Gateshead's for the European Capital of Culture title. My own study particularly questioned how football was used to contrive an affectation of cultural democracy at work. The sporting front, it was argued, had the purpose of conscripting those not


The work plan of the IASC Humanitarian Financing Task Team (HFTT) focuses on improving the availability of adequate and accessible funding for operational aid agencies. To this end, in 2014 OCHA and ICVA carried out a mapping of NGO challenges to accessing country-based pooled funds (CBPFs), which contributed to the development of new Global Guidelines for CBPFs issued by OCHA in February 2015 following an extensive consultation process. The mapping took the form of a desk review, looking at relevant studies and evaluations in the last 3 years, as well as reviewing feedback collected at the field and global levels throughout the CBPF guidelines' consultation process. This paper provides an overview of findings and main types of challenges identified in the mapping, while pointing to key changes introduced by the new guidelines that will likely improve NGO access to CBPFs.


The effect of relative position of the blade for the fixed vane has been investigated on blade tip and shroud heat transfer. The experiments were conducted for the blade at six different positions within a pitch using a low speed stationary annular cascade with a single turbine stage. The chord length of the tested blade is 150 ㎜ and the mean tip clearance of the blade having flat tip is 2.5% of the blade chord. A naphthalene sublimation technique was used for the detailed mass transfer measurements. The results show that the heat transfer characteristics significantly change with the blade positions. High heat/mass transfer region on the tip moves in axial direction and the effect of tip leakage vortex on the shroud changes as the blade position changes.