Data breakpoints, sometimes called watchpoints, have long been desirable for debugging and other dynamic analyses, but are often prohibitively slow to use. Current processors have a small number of breakpoint registers that can be used to trap data read and write operations at CPU speeds—for example, the Intel 386+ CPUs have four breakpoint registers that can watch one word of memory each. Current use of these registers is naive and limited, and so we propose and describe some investigation into furthering their use.


The authors introduced the commonly used methods for manufacturing hemp reinforced thermoplastic composites.They briefly described different forms of hemp reinforcement and their processing technologies.Finally,they analyzed the existing barriers in the processing of thermoplastic composites and discussed future research needs.


Development of a commercial prototype of reflection handheld digital holographic microscope system is presented in this paper. The concept is based on lensless magnification using diverging wave geometry and the miniaturized optical design which provides a compact packaged system. The optical geometry design provides the same curvature of object and reference waves and thus phase aberration is automatically compensated. The basic methodology of the system is developed and it further explored for 3D imaging, static deflection and vibration measurements applications. Based on the developed methodology an user-friendly software is developed suitable for industrial shop floor environment. The applications of the system are presented for 3D imaging, static deflection measurement and vibration analysis of MEMS samples. The developed system is well suitable for the testing of MEMS and Microsystems samples, with full-field and real-time features, for static and dynamic inspection and characterization and to monitor micro-fabrication process.


Recently Konuskronen has been accepted for the retainer of removable partial denture and the value of its application is recognized. However, there are few basic studies on Konuskronen and many questions aren't answered.The purpose of this study is to find analytic method of the dynamical behavior of Konuskronen under the loading condition by using the finite element method.In this analysis, "joint element" was used in order to simulate the conditions such as sticking, slipping and separating, of the contact area between two objects.The results of the analysis indicated the followings.The relative behavior of the outer and inner crowns of Konuskronen was showed by using the finite element method with joint element.It was confirmed that the method of this study was adequate to the analysis of Konuskronen under the loading condition because of the consistency with the results of model experiment whick Kawasaki et al. reported.From above results, it is expected that this method is applicable for the stress analysis of Konuskronen telescope denture.


This special issue of APJTR covers a diverse range of research affecting tourism development in Asia Pacific. The Asia Pacific region, while it is a late starter of tourism, has seen a remarkable growth in recent years. In 1980s, total number of tourist arrivals for the entire Asia Pacific, which covers the geographical regions from Japan to Iran and fromMongolia to Australia and New Zealand, was less than 30 million. The number has grown to 263 million in 2014, account for 23% of world arrivals. The Asia Pacific region is the fastest growing region in the world for both tourist arrivals and departures. A rapid growth of outbound tourism from China and other newly developed economies has contributed to this trend. The region is also often noted not only for quantity of growth but also for quality of its tourism products. Such airline companies as Cathay Pacific, Singapore Airlines, Asiana Airlines and ANA often appears among the best airlines in the world whereas in the hotel industry such Asian brands as Shangri-La, Peninsula, Mandarin Oriental or Dusit Thani and Banyan Tree are synonymous with highest quality of hospitality provision. With a rapid development of tourism and hospitality industry in Asia Pacific, there has been corresponding increase in volume of scholarly research as evidenced by increase in both quantity and quality of research articles covering Asia Pacific region as a subject. Since its inception in 1996, APJTR has served an important role in facilitating research development for tourism in Asia Pacific. This special volume, which has been possible with generous funding support available from Walter Kwok Foundation, reports recent research relating to tourism and hospitality development in Asia Pacific. The articles in this volume should generate more insight and further research which will continue to facilitate the development of tourism and hospitality industry in the region. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 2015 Vol. 20, No. Supplement 1, 1413, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2015.1123620


We design a joint compression and classification system that optimizes visual fidelity and classification accuracy under a bit rate constraint. We propose a classification centric quantizer (CCQ) whose parameters are learned from labeled training data. We apply and evaluate the CCQ on a scene classification problem and compare the results to previous work.


Eigenstructure assignment techniques have typically focused on the assignment of eigenvalues and in some MIMO cases, the additional assignment of best fit eigenvectors. While eigenvalue specification determines the stability and speed of response, eigenvector specification determines the shape of the transients. There is an important class of structural control problems where control of the transients and hence specification of the eigenvectors is equally if not more important than specification of the eigenvalues. We explore the conditions under which a closed-loop eigenvector may be assigned exactly to a linear system, and derive further conditions under which the closed-loop eigenvalue corresponding to this mode is stable.


Kev woizis: Despite good recovery from a stroke, the quality of life (QOL) of most stroke patients living in the community is not always restored in their acute or recovery phase. Our aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between basiclsocial functional disabilities and life satisfaction (one of the indicators of QOL) in long-term survivors after a first stroke. Sixty three consecutive outpatients who had received comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation after their first stroke participated in this cross-sectienal study. The profile, basic activities of daiLy living, life style and life satisfaction of these outpatients were evaluated based on their interview, More than half of the subjects had a decrease in life satisfaction. There was mostly weak positive correlation between functional/social disabilities and the life satisfaction, and both age and sex were not predictors of their QOL. Therefore, functional disabilities had a weak impact on QOL in the longterm survivors after the first stroke. Iife satisfaction, disabilities, stroke outcome. (Received 18 January 2005. accepted 23 March 2005) Introduction More research focusing on long-term outcomes in the post-acute and post-rehabilitation period is needed to help shape a coordinated public policy fbr the long-term care of stroke patients [11. Both dienculties in ambulation and functional disabilities (activities in daily living: ADL) seem to be significant predictors of quality of life (QOL) after a stroke [ 1 "5]. Certainly, independence in ADL might be necessary fbr keeping QOL after having a stroke, Despite a good recovery in terms of discharge from the hospital. the QOL of most stroke patients was not a]ways restored to the prestroke level. With time, the relationship between independence in ADL and other indicators of QOL may weaken after the stroke [6]. Ahlsio et al reported that QOL did not improve during fo]low-up, although ADL functioned [4]. ItAhlsio's assumption is true, the re]evance of lherapy aimed at promoting independence in ADL is questionable at this stage [6]. However. therapy aimed at improving independcnce in ADL will always be very impertant. The UOEH Association of Health Sciences NII-Electronic Library Service he OEHAssociati n fHealth ciences


This paper describes an automated visual inspection system for the size measurement of workpieces, widely applicable to industrial on-line and real-time products inspection such as bearing, gear and so on. The systematic makeup, basis demands and CCD-based size measurement principle is introduced. To increase the efficiency and effect of pre-processing image, take a bearing as an example, fast algorithm for 2-D median filter is advanced and investigated. Also, based on the fundamental theory of the wavelet transform, an edge detection method is successfully used in the feature extraction of a bearing image. Finally, with the studied automated visual inspection system, the out-diameter of a bearing is inspected and analyzed. The result meets demands and shows the system has a broad applied foreground


CLINICALULTRASOUNDREVIEWS.F. Winsberg,Ed.,J. Stewart, Assoc. Ed., New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1982, 474 pp, $65.00 The volume of the world literature continues to increase out of proportion to the amount of new discoveries. As a result, a few original gems are lost in a morass of repetitive paper. Clinical Ultrasound Reviews attempts to simplify the daunting problem for the discerning physician by concentrating abstracts of the most significant papers into a single volume. For all of us who have neither the time nor the inclination to search the seemingly endless list of journals now publishing ultrasound articles, this book can be a godsend to bring to our attention the real advances in pertinent literature for the past year. As for other similar review books, the editor has added their comments to a number of papers, but I would have liked to have seen more of their comments. Of course, the selectivity of the editors has already been wonderfully exer cised by reducing a vast pile of papers to a mere 500 pages. Although the abstract is not as helpful as the real article, as the editors point out; however, it is often much shorter and contains virtually the same material. It is a luxury to buy all those abstracts again when the originals lie somewhere in our files, but as with many luxuries, the saving in time and effort is well worth the price. K. J. W. TAYLOR Yale University New Haven, Connecticut


Nowadays, the events of bacterial infection are increasingly arising. It is urgent to develop new antibacterial material to fight against the bacteria having resistance to drug. Because the antibacterial stainless steels have both antibacterial property and other excellent combination ones, their development has been obtained rapidly. At present, the copper–containing antibacterial stainless steels are the research focus. It has been reached that the antibacterial effect of those materials is due to the copper–rich phases precipitated from the matrix by aging treatment. Most of studies were performed at single–phase stainless steels, but rarely at duplex stainless steels. It is necessary to study the precipitation process of copper–rich phases in duplex stainless steels for the development of antibacterial duplex stainless steels. In this work, the microstructure and precipitating evolution law of copper–rich phases in the copper–containing duplex stainless steels during antibacterial aging treatment has been analyzed in detail by SEM, XRD and TEM. The results indicate that antibacterial copper– rich phases are precipitated from ferrite and α/γ interfaces, no precipitation in austenite when the duplex stainless steels are aged at temperature ranging from 540 to 580 . The technique parameters


Let $G$ be a locally compact abelian group, and let $p \in [1,\infty)$. We show that the Segal algebra $S_p(G)$ is always weakly amenable, but that it is amenable only if $G$ is discrete.


The present invention is a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO: Plasma Electronic Oxidation) in an oxide film formed on the surface of the metal base material by the electrolyte solution for forming the oxide film, the metal salt to cause the electrolyte solution and the synthetic, precipitated, hydrolyzed reaction components It is added and, in the oxide film, to a component and the electrolyte solution and the composite oxide film characterized in that comprises a metal compound that is generated by the synthetic reaction of the metal salt components and their preparation of the metal base material. Thereby, the electrolytic solution and the addition of the metal salt component that causes the synthesis reaction in the electrolyte solution to produce a synthesis reaction and precipitation reaction of metal compound component contained in the oxide film, and can implement the new component of the composite oxide film added with the function, due to the addition of the metal component can be improved at the same time as the oxide film forming speed is formed of a PEO Sikkim formed to facilitate a desired thickness of the oxide film. Plasma, the oxide film, synthetic, precipitated


The Introduction explores how the study of ancient Greek medicine can be of help to modern medical practitioners and other professionals as well as patients in navigating the complex arena of personal health and contemporary medical care. A history that focuses on scientific advances is rejected in favor of a history that focuses on issues of rhetoric, including professionalism, training, self-definition, and social standing. These issues can be accessed through the study of ancient statuary, monuments, poetry, and other writings. While ancient and modern medicine share a variety of elements and attitudes, they are also different in significant ways, meaning that the medicine of the late archaic Greek period will appear strange as well as familiar to modern observers. The introduction also provides a preview of each of the coming chapters and how they contribute to a broader and deeper understanding of the rhetoric of medicine and its practice in the modern world.


Abstract: Some of the damage to the CNS that is observed following amphetamine and methamphetamine (METH) administration is known to be linked to increased formation of free radicals. This increase could be, in part, related to mitochondrial dysfunction and/or cause damage to the mitochondria, thereby leading to a failure of cellular energy metabolism and an increase in secondary excitotoxicity. The actual neuronal damage that occurs with METH‐induced toxicity seems to affect dopaminergic cells in particular. METH‐induced toxicity is related to an increase in the generation of both reactive oxygen (hydroxyl, superoxide, peroxide) and nitrogen (nitric oxide) species. Peroxynitrite (ONOO−), which is a reaction product of either superoxide or nitric oxide, is the most damaging radical. It can be reduced by antioxidants such as selenium, melatonin, and the selective nNOS inhibitor, 7‐nitroindazole. METH‐induced toxicity has been previously shown to increase production of the peroxynitrite stress marker, 3‐nitrotyrosine (3‐NT), in vitro, in cultured PC12 cells, and also in vivo, in the striatum of adult male mice. Pre‐ and post‐treatment of mice with l‐carnitine (LC) significantly attenuated the production of 3‐NT in the striatum after METH exposure. LC is a mitochondriotropic compound in that it carries long‐chain fatty acyl groups into mitochondria for β‐oxidation. It was shown also to play a protective role against various mitochondrial toxins, such as 3‐nitropropionic acid. The protective effects of LC against METH‐induced toxicity could be related to its prevention of possible metabolic compromise produced by METH and the resulting energy deficits. In particular, LC may be maintaining the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and modulating the activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTP), especially the cyclosporin‐dependent mPTP. The possible neuroprotective mechanism of LC against METH‐toxicity and the role of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the generation of free radicals and their subsequent action on the MPT and mPTP are also being examined using an in vitro model of NGF‐differentiated pheochromocytoma cells (PC12). In preliminary experiments, the pretreatment of PC12 cells with LC (5 mM), added 10 min before METH (500 μM), indicated that LC enhances METH‐induced DA depletion. The role of LC in attenuating METH‐evoked toxicity is still under investigation and promises to reveal information regarding the underlying mechanisms and role of mitochondria in the triggering of cell death.


To investigate the mechanism-of-action targets of TCM formula with experimental approach are expensive and laborious. Many computational approaches have been used for target prediction, which provide alternative, rapid, and inexpensive approach to studying the mechanism-of-action targets. Recent studies have suggested that the most-similar ligand drives the chemical similarity searching method. In these studies, the extent of bioactivity of most-similar ligands has been oversimplified or even neglected, and this has impaired the prediction power. Here we propose the MOst-Similar ligand-based Target inference approach, namely MOST, which uses fingerprint similarity and explicit bioactivity of the mostsimilar ligands to predict targets of the query compound. Performance of MOST was evaluated by using combinations of different fingerprint schemes, machine learning methods, and bioactivity representations. In sevenfold cross-validation with a benchmark Ki dataset from CHEMBL release 19 containing 61,937 bioactivity data from 173 human targets, MOST achieved high average prediction accuracy (0.95 for pKi≥5, and 0.87 for pKi≥6). Morgan fingerprint was shown to


The exosome, a kind of extracellular vesicle with a diameter in the range of 50–200 nm, has been extensively investigated in treating various skin issues, such as skin aging mitigation and cutaneous wound healing stimulation, and atopic dermatitis (AD). 1–3 Compared to stem cell therapy, advantageous properties, such as a long half-life, small size, favorable penetration, and low immunogenicity, make exosomes more favorable and beneficial. 4 Although exosomes have been extensively investigated for their application in skin damage repair, the only sources shown to be effective are those derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 5 However, exosome isolation from MSCs accompanies multiple drawbacks, such as the time and effort required for MSC culture and expansion, the risk of contamination with red blood cells during the isolation process, neovascularization potential, diminished cell viability, and the extreme invasiveness of removing MSCs from bone marrow. 6 Therefore, finding an alternative cell source for exosome isolation has become imperative for the effective application of exosomes inthe repair of dysfunctional skin. Dermal fibroblasts (DFs) are the predominant cell type in the dermis and are responsible for regulating the extracellular matrix (ECM) while playing important roles in the maintenance of the normal structure and function of the skin. According to the previous study, DFs are considered a useful cell line in which to study exosome-related treatments because these cells are easily cultivated. In this article, we suggest DFs for the extraction of exosomes because, in contrast with MSCs, fibroblasts more closely resembletheskinandmaybeobtainedfromtheskinusinglessinvasive techniques. 7 This study thus aimed to determine if DF-derived exosomes are a promising candidate for skin damage repair. To investigate the effects of DF exosomes


Vapor‐grown double‐heterojunction (DH) laser structures of GaAs/InyGa1−yP have been prepared with room‐temperature threshold current densities as low as 1140 A/cm2 and differential quantum efficiencies as high as 47%. cw operation at room temperature has been obtained from such devices.


The Kepler space telescope and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) have discovered numerous multiple star systems emitting GW. Some of these have planets that phase modulate the GW and allow the planetary mass to be determined. The detection techniques are explained in detail using examples.


This paper gives an introduction to some of the basic concepts in the book, A Generative Theory of Shape(Michael Leyton, Springer-Verlag, 2001). The book develops a new mathematical theory of design, and supports this theory with lengthy analyses of mechanical CAD/CAM, architectural CAD, solid modeling, kinematics, etc., as well as the principal areas of perception, such as visual grouping. Of central concern is how complex design tasks are made understandable and structured intelligently. For this, new classes of algebraic structures are invented that embody understandability and intelligence. These structures are called unfolding groups. They unfold structure from a maximally collapsed version of that structure, in such a way that exploits transfer of existing structure and recoverability of generative operations. A principal aspect of the theory is that it develops an algebraic formalization of object-orientedness. The result is what we believe to be the first object-oriented theory of geometry.


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for replacing printing plates on a printing press, the printing plate is supplied to the pull-out shaft structure by means of the replacement plate cylinder inverted. Here, drivable transporting roller to seize the plate and engaged in the first opening, the front edge plate clamping device for the printing plate is pulled out during the rotation of the plate, without having to plate roller down.


The quality factor used in radiation protection is defined as a function of LET, Q(sub ave)(LET). However, tissue equivalent proportional counters (TEPC) measure the average quality factors as a function of lineal energy (y), Q(sub ave)(Y). A model of the TEPC response for charged particles considers energy deposition as a function of impact parameter from the ion s path to the volume, and describes the escape of energy out of sensitive volume by delta-rays and the entry of delta rays from the high-density wall into the low-density gas-volume. A common goal for operational detectors is to measure the average radiation quality to within accuracy of 25%. Using our TEPC response model and the NASA space radiation transport model we show that this accuracy is obtained by a properly calibrated TEPC. However, when the individual contributions from trapped protons and galactic cosmic rays (GCR) are considered; the average quality factor obtained by TEPC is overestimated for trapped protons and underestimated for GCR by about 30%, i.e., a compensating error. Using TEPC's values for trapped protons for Q(sub ave)(y), we obtained average quality factors in the 2.07-2.32 range. However, Q(sub ave)(LET) ranges from 1.5-1.65 as spacecraft shielding depth increases. The average quality factors for trapped protons on STS-89 demonstrate that the model of the TEPC response is in good agreement with flight TEPC data for Q(sub ave)(y), and thus Q(sub ave)(LET) for trapped protons is overestimated by TEPC. Preliminary comparisons for the complete GCR spectra show that Q(sub ave)(LET) for GCR is approximately 3.2-4.1, while TEPC measures 2.9-3.4 for QQ(sub ave)(y), indicating that QQ(sub ave)(LET) for GCR is underestimated by TEPC.


Knowledge of the anatomy of the ligaments is mandatory for accurate examination and evaluation of the ankle. Dedicated equipment and a high level of technical skill on the part of the operator are also necessary. High-frequency probes, up to 14–15 MHz, and up-to-date scanning systems are required. Small probes that can hug the curves and bulges of the bony landmarks (especially the malleolus) are preferred. It is important to follow a few simple rules when looking for ankle ligaments. These ligaments are seldom oriented parallel to the probe, the resultant anisotropy impedes visualization of the oblique ligaments. Changing the position of the ankle often improves visualization of the ligaments. Dorsal hyperextension loosens the anterior ligaments, whereas posterior ligaments are stretched with the ankle in this position. Stretched ligaments are more easily visualized with angulation of the beam close to 90 relative to the ligament's fibers.


We present new models of Saturn's equatorial ionosphere based on the first in situ measurements of its upper atmosphere. The neutral spectrum measured by Cassini's Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer, which includes substantial methane, ammonia, and organics in addition to the anticipated molecular hydrogen, helium, and water, serves as input for unexpectedly complex ionospheric chemistry. Heavy molecular ions are found to dominate Saturn's equatorial low‐altitude ionosphere, with a mean ion mass of 11 Da. Key molecular ions include H3O+ and HCO+; other abundant heavy ions depend upon the makeup of the mass 28 neutral species, which cannot be uniquely determined. Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer neutral species lead to generally good agreement between modeled and observed plasma densities, though poor reproduction of measured H+ and H3+ variability and an overabundance of modeled H3+ potentially hint at missing physical processes in the model, including a loss process that affects H3+ but not H+.


Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler) is one of the fungi that has potentially been used as food and medicinal mushroom. Cultivation in liquid medium by the fermentation process has been developed over recent years. Four isolates of L.edodes (isolates from Malang, Cianjur, Lembang and Yogyakarta) cultured on three types of fermentation media (KM: Medium Kauffman; GYMT: Glucose, Yeast Extract, Malt Extract, Thiamin; YEMR: Yeast extract, Malt Extract, Rice bran). Bioactive metabolites  extracted from mycelium biomass and fermentation culture filtrates were tested using pathogenic microbial Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Inhibition zone diameter data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan test at 5% error rate. The results showed that bioactive compounds in the culture filtrates and mycelium biomass of L. edodes extracted using chloroform, ethyl acetate and water, were able to inhibit S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans,  but were not able to inhibit T.mentagrophytes. Isolates of L.edodes from Lembang and Yogyakarta cultured on Kauffman Medium gave  the best results with inhibitory zones of 24.97 to 31.14 mm. Microbes which gave the most sensitive of bioactive compounds test from L. edodes were C. albicans followed by E. coli, S. aureus and T. mentagrophytes. Bioactive metabolites from L. edodes inhibited potentially pathogenic microbes  from the group of  bacteria and  yeasts but did not inhibit the fungus.


Improvement of the Photo-bias Stability of the Zn-Sn-O Field Effect Transistors by an Ozone Treatment Bong Seob Yang, Sanghyun Park, Seungha Oh, Yoon Jang Kim, 1 Jae Kyeong Jeong,* Cheol Seong Hwang, and Hyeong Joon Kim* 1 WCU Hybrid Materials Program, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea


A design procedure is described for flood estimation on small rural catchments in eastern New South Wales using the statistical interpretation of the Rational Method. A map for determining 10-year runoff coefficients is based on values derived from all available observed streamflow data on 284 catchments. Frequency factors enable evaluation of runoff coefficients for other recurrence intervals. Time of concentration is determined from a formula developed from data from 96 catchments. The procedure is much more accurate than current methods based on the Rational Method, and would lead to savings of about $12 million per year in structures on small rural catchments in eastern New South Wales.


Summary An appreciable portion of inorganic I113 was found to be precipitated by TCA in the presence of red blood cells. This was not the case with serum or other tissues studied. In evaluating the degradation of I131-labeled proteins by measuring the TCA precipitability of the blood radioactivity, it should, therefore, be appreciated that the degradation product, inorganic I131, may show the phenomenon of "re-entry," and be precipitated by TCA. Findings, somewhat similar to those with inorganic I131 were also obtained with I131-labeled diiodotyrosine.


Abstract The power demand in textile industries is fulfilled by the utility grid and diesel generators. However, due to the low reliability and high cost of power from these resources, the industries now install solar-powered microgrids on their premises. The issues such as bidirectional power flow and changing fault current level are obvious with PV installations. The protection system in traditional textile grids employs overcurrent relays, but these relays are not suitable for PV integrated systems. Furthermore, in industrial microgrids sensitivity and selectivity are two essential requirements, which are not available in overcurrent relays. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a comprehensive distance protection strategy for PV-powered textile microgrids. The proposed scheme utilizes a backward and forward configuration of distance relays, tested for different types of faults and variable fault currents in different scenarios. It is observed that the designed strategy gives the best performance for any kind of fault, and there is no overlapping of protection zones during the operation. The paper also presents the distance relay setting criteria to provide the full-proof protection of textile microgrids.


Transmembrane receptor TLR4 was shown to induce the inflammatory response in the presence of its ligand, LPS. All TLRs belong to a family of PRR (pattern recognition receptor) which recognize PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns). The other receptor families, scavenger receptors work along with TLRs to attenuate innate immunity. SREC-I is a scavenger receptor expressed by immune cells and has a role in CD8+ T cell immunity. SREC-I can also modulate the function of Toll like receptors which have essential roles in innate immunity. Here we show that SREC-I can activate LPS mediated NFkB signaling. SREC-I can bind to TLR4 in the presence of LPS. We found that human monocyte/macrophage THP1 cells as well as bone marrow derived macrophages from mice exhibited increased responses to LPS and enhanced production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8, IL-6 with overexpressed SREC-I. We were able to show that downstream activation of NFkB requires either MyD88 or Trif adaptor protein. Our data suggested that SRECI is a cell surface receptor capable of internalizing LPS along with TLR4 as well as activating TLR4 mediated downstream cytokine production in macrophages.


where tg is the gradient run time and w is the peak width. By making various substitutions of chromatographic relationships, we obtain a mathematical relationship that we can use to assess the gradient performance as a function of the gradient duration, column length, particle size, linear velocit,y and diffusivity of the analyte.1,2 For gradient times of under 5 min run on 4.6 20 mm ISTM, 3.5 μm columns, we found that a flow-rate of 3 mL/min results in optimized peak capacities. Therefore, our separations will be run at this flow-rate.


Introduction. Aggressive angiomyxoma is a myxoid mesenchymal tumor with the characteristic of slow growth, which emerges from the pelvic, genital, or perineal region, predominantly in women. The term aggressive is due to their vascular component and their local behavior, and does not indicate potential for remote dissemination. Their treatment of choice is surgical resection which, when complete, is curative in all cases. Material and method. Female patient age 40 years referred to imaging with diagnosis of perianal hernia. Vaginography ruled out the presence of fistula. Subsequently ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance were performed. Results. A large solid tumor was identified, hanging from the perineal tissue and in intimate contact with both the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior wall of the rectum (but with clear plane of separation from them); no infiltration was observed. A diagnosis of aggressive angiomyxoma was obtained by pathological analysis. Discussion. The observations reported in all the imaging techniques used confirm the tumor's characteristic of growing around the structures of the pelvic floor without penetrating the muscular layer of the vagina or the rectum, only displacing the adjacent structures. Conclusion. Aggressive angiomyxoma is a tumor of low prevalence which should be considered among the principal differential diagnoses of pelvic tumors.


This essay-review revisits political theorist Judith Shklar's classic Legalism, with an eye to the uses of its arguments in the era of the International Criminal Court. After reviewing her jurisprudence, the essay takes up her defense of the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, showing that it is mainly her critical arguments about international criminal law that survive today. Then the essay goes on to examine further features of her doctrines, including the implications of her engagement with the so-called Tokyo trial for Japanese war criminals for the typically postcolonial setting of international criminal law today.


Water network optimization in a petrochemical corporation with nine operations was studied using water pinch technology.The results showed that,the fresh water consumption could be saved by 38.31% and 19.17% respectively through the preliminarily design of the single and binary component pollutants system.Water-using network was simplified by optimizing the preliminarily design,and the number of recycling pipes reduced from 11 to 6 after the optimization of water-using network of binary component pollutants system.It was considered that,water pinch technology could reduce fresh water consumption and wastewater quantity in industry,which had practical value and better application prospect.


• i. Real-time, wide band information storage and signal processing devices are cntical to inany military and commercial systems in order to perform complex functions such as pattern and target lecognition. secure communications, network routing, tactical database management and Zased array radar. Optical coherent transient technology has the potential to perform real-time storage and signal processing at data rates up to a terahertz, mth storage/pattem densities on the order of a terabit per centimeter squared, and with data block sizes/time-bandwidth produc s w Two key issues in the operation of large broadl>and antenna arrays are efficient management of the inherent complexity of these systems and efficient iiiiolementation of controllable, broadband true-time-delays. Optical coherent transient technology has the capability of efficiently imposing true-time-delays up to several microseconds on signals with bandwidths in th thciadded advantage that 1) these delays are can lie p'rogrammed in a cubic centimeter of prooilissing and d(;lay can be performed dela;f an extremely promising technology for excess of lOO'GHz. These attributes, combined w controllably programmable, 2) that over lO' delay; material, and 3) that phase and amplitude sensitive sirnultaneously, make coherent transient true-time future radar systems. . , . j The objectives of the research efforts supported by this DURIP award are to demonstrate and characterize the operation of optical coherent transient proc<JSsing and true-time-delay devices at bandwidth well in excess of a gigahertz. The moc.e-locked 'ri:Sapphire regenerative laser amplifier, associated pump laser combined with oar existing, chirped laser system, and support equipment purchased with the DURIP funds has given us the capability to demonstr^e and evaluate of coherent transient processing and true timedelay devices in the 1-100 GHz bandwidth regime. Research in this operating regime is crucial to the development of high performance if photonic systems critical to our national defense.


: Let f : { 0 , 1 } n → { 0 , 1 } m be a function computable by a circuit with unbounded fan-in, arbitrary gates, w wires and depth d . With a very simple argument we show that the m -query problem corresponding to f has data structures with space s = n + r and time ( w / r ) d , for any r . As a consequence, in the setting where s is close to m a slight improvement on the state of existing data-structure lower bounds would solve long-standing problems in circuit complexity. We also use this connection to obtain a data structure for error-correcting codes which nearly matches the 2007 lower bound by Gál and Miltersen. This data structure can also be made dynamic. Finally we give a problem that requires at least 3 bit probes for m = n O ( 1 ) and even s = m / 2 − 1. Independent work by Dvir, Golovnev, and Weinstein (2018) and by Corrigan-Gibbs and Kogan (2018) give incomparable connections between data-structure and other types of lower bounds.


1Research Scholar, Vinayaka Missions Sikkim University, East Sikkim, INDIA 2Former Vice-Chancellor, Vinayaka Mission Sikkim University, East Sikkim, INDIA ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract— Energy demand in Telangana state is increasing, however the electric utilities failed to meet this load demand. Photovoltaic (PV) solar power plant is used for larger development of solar power generation. In a solar roof top system, the solar panels are installed on the roof of any residential, commercial, institution and industrial building. The solar roof top system may come up with storage facility using battery or grid connected. The roof top system with storage facility has a battery to store solar electricity and can be utilized during night when sunlight is not available. In this research paper, real time monitoring and Simulation analysis of 30WP off grid connected photovoltaic solar roof top power plant at Hyderabad city is carried out using software PV Syst. The real time results of PV module and simulation results of energy output of PV module, energy supplied to load and unused energy are presented. . Keywords— Grid; Roof top system; solar photovoltaic panel; solar radiation


of the time is also revelatory: Ghelderode's first hero, Julien Deladoes; his earliest admirer and promoter, the theatre historian, Camille Poupeye; one of the only letters he ever wrote to his wife-to-be, Jeanne Gerard; and to various theatre directors to whom he was appealing to get his early works produced. Not only does this correspondance provide us with missing information about Ghelderode' s early relationships, but it allows us a glimpse of his developing powers of writing as well. These two works, the Bibliographie and Correspondance, the latter as yet only the beginning of a growing tome, represent years of devoted searching, interviewing, and checking on the part of Prof. Beyen. They are indispensable for any library which pretends to give a complete offering of twentieth-century letters, and, together with Beyen's other works, contribute significantly to an incrementally growing portrait of a fascinating artist and his work. The third recent work of significance in elucidating the Ghelderode canon is Jacqueline Blancart-Cassou's Le Rire de Michel de Ghelderode, the first book-length critical work on the texts to be brought out in eight years, and one of the most insightful ever. Significant chiefly for her unprecedented delving into smaller, less known work, Prof. Blancart-Cassou unearths key discoveries from such tiny (mostly early) plays as Thes de bois (Blockheads, 1924), Venus (1927), Le voleur des etoiles (The Star Thief, 1931), and Noyade des songes (Dreams Drowning, 1928). From these little gem-like oneacters, she extrapolates general tendencies which she then applies throughout the oeuvre. Departing from the premise that Ghelderode devised a personal kind of comedy (not a new idea in and of itself) based on a denial of the tragic, a refusal to face terror, and an impulse to stand up to Ghelderode's various personal hobgoblins, Prof. BlancartCassou explores many of the plays in an unprecedentedly meticulous and ingenious way. Even those works not primarily known for their comic tone yield great riches of understanding when approached from the standpoint of the Ghelderodian teeth-grinding laugh. Insofar as purely textual criticism is concerned, Prof. Blancart-Cassou's book is arguably the most valuable written to date.


Focusing on the difficulties in appraising employees' performance and asymmetric information, the following opinions are expressed in this article. First, the enterprise should set a quantifiable and reasonable working performance standard for working quality of various jobs. Second, where the asymmetric information is concerned,it should consider the saving of the overhead,the setting of the game model. Last, the optimized supervision likelihood and the employees' violation likelihood should be chosen, and the corresponding strategy should be taken to get the maximum result.


In this work, an attempt has been made to analyze the influence of various machining input parameters of CNC end milling process viz. cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut on machining output variables (surface roughness and material removal rate) during machining complex shape of copper. Three different levels of input parameters were planned as per Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array. The parameters are optimised from analysis of mean (ANOM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to investigate the effect of machining parameters on the variables. Results of this study indicate that the depth of cut has the most significant effect on Ra having percentage contribution of 71.06% followed by feed rate and cutting speed having percentage contribution of 23.22% and 2.12% respectively. For material removal rate, it is observed that the percentage contribution of feed rate is maximum i.e. 68.58% followed by depth of cut and cutting speed having percentage contribution of 22.13% and 7.52% respectively. Also, the results revealed that optimum combination of machining parameters which resulted in optimum value of the surface roughness is A3B1C2 i.e. cutting speed of 6000 rpm, feed rate of 500 mm/tooth and depth of Cut of 0.06 mm. Similarly, optimum combination of machining parameters which resulted in optimum value of material removal rate is A1,B3C3 where the values for cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut are 2000 rpm, 1500 mm/tooth and 0.08 mm respectively.


CD8 + T cells recognize infected or dysregulated cells via the clonotypically expressed ab TCR, which engages Ag in the form of peptide bound to MHC class I (MHC I) on the target cell surface. Previous studies have indicated that a diverse Ag-specific TCR repertoire can be beneficial to the host, yet the determinants of clonotypic diversity are poorly defined. To better understand the factors that govern TCR repertoire formation, we conducted a comprehensive clonotypic analysis of CD8 + T cell populations directed against epitopes derived from EBV and CMV. Neither pathogen source nor the restricting MHC I molecule were linked with TCR diversity; indeed, both HLA-A and HLA-B molecules were observed to interact with an overlapping repertoire of expressed TRBV genes. Peptide specificity, however, markedly impacted TCR diversity. In addition, distinct peptides sharing HLA restriction and viral origin mobilized TCR repertoires with distinct patterns of TRBV gene usage. Notably, no relationship was observed between immunodominance and TCR diversity. These findings provide new insights into the forces that shape the Ag-specific TCR repertoire in vivo and highlight a determinative role for the peptide component of the peptide–MHC I complex on the molecular frontline of CD8 + T cell–mediated immune surveillance. The Journal of Immunology , 2012, 190: 000–000. infections intracellular abnormalities. of short, cytosol-derived peptides in association with MHC class I (MHC I)


A temperature stable high dielectric constant Ba4La3.73Sm4.66Bi0.93Ti18O54 ceramic was synthesized by conventional solid state route. The structural and micro-structural properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic system with unit cell parameters as a = 12.56Å, b = 22.25Å, c = 3.83Å and v = 1070.33Å3. The microwave dielectric properties were measured in the frequency range 0.3 to 3.0 GHz using a network analyzer and it shows a high dielectric constant of 86.1 and low loss tangent of 4.3 × 10–3 at 3.0 GHz along with a very low temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of 4.3 ppm/°C. It could be a promising candidate to be used as dielectric resonator in microwave communication.


A theoretical treatment of photonic crystals embedded in planar waveguides is presented, which is based on a finite-basis expansion for the electromagnetic field and which yields the dispersion of photonic modes below and above the light line as well as intrinsic radiation losses of quasi-guided modes. Results are shown for two kinds of systems: the one-dimensional lattice in membrane or silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal slabs, and the linear defect (channel waveguide) in the triangular lattice of holes.


The kinetics of diffusion-controlled mass transfer between a fluid percolating through a bed of porous particles and the stagnant fluid in the pores of the particles (see drawing on the right) controls the rate of many important processes. The pulsed field gradient NMR method allows the rapid identification of the fraction of fluid exchanged between the stream and the pores during a given period of time. From this data the mass transfer kinetic coefficient, the porosity, the intraparticle diffusivity, and the tortuosity of the porous medium can be determined.


Summary

Flavonoids and/or phenolic acids are the major components responsible for antioxidant capacity in fruits and vegetables. Recent research has shown that flavonoids are absorbed in humans, although the bioavailablity of these dietary components is not completely clear. Some epidemiological evidence demonstrates a reduced risk of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases in subjects with a high fruit and vegetable (flavonoid) intake. Investigations performed in vitro or in vivo in experimental animals suggest that some of the flavonoids have chemopreventive effects against certain forms of cancers. Flavonoids are potentially beneficial to cardio- and cerebrovascular systems due to their antioxidant activity against low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and protection against capillary fragility. Flavonoids showed anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, and antiallergic activities in vitro, and, thus, may have potential applications in preventing and treating other diseases.


Fly larvae have been known as a human parasite for a long time. In older medical literature the so-called inyiasis externa is particularly often described, this is the fly larva which parasitizes in the subcutaneous tissue. However localization in the eye, ophthalmomyiasis interna, is still a rarity. This is due primarily to the fact that the larva relatively seldom finds its way into the eye, and secondly it is often difficult to recognize the condition unless the parasite happens to be in the camera anterior. When it is localized in the deeper parts, the so-called ophthalmomyiasis iiiterna posterior (0. I. P.) the severe alterations and the Iack of traiisparcncy of the media will make the diagnosis impossible. The case to be described here is distinguished by the fact that the larva has attacked the eye rather delicately so that it has been possible both to make the diagnosis and to obtain complete recovery. This is the first time 0. i. has been seen in Norway.


API RP 540 Electrical Installations in Petroleum Processing Plants has long been a document used to unify the many electrical standards and practices used in the various petroleum and chemical industries. It has also served as a valuable tutorial and guidebook. This paper highlights the changes and new developments in 11 areas of petrochemical practice, making API RP 540 an indispensable 21st Century electrical tool.


The eigenvalues of Williams' series expansion for generalized wedge problems, which include cracks, re-entrant corners, free edges, and cracks meeting with material interface, etc. are examined from the viewpoint of conservation laws like J-integral and M-integral. By use of the so-called two-state conservation laws or interaction energy, originally proposed by Eshelby and later treated by Chen and Shield, discussed is that the complementary pairs of eigenvalues exist in the J-integral sense and/or in the M-integral sense when these integrals are conserved. Similar results are shown to hold for the eigenvalues of three dimensional wedges.


Income plays an important role in day to day life. Many factors affect a state's median income. Some factors are personal traits such as self motivation and perseverance. A state's median income can be influenced by a variety of factors. Some factors are environmental, such as work place infrastructure and comfort, the ability to relocate, and geographical conditions such as location, climate and weather conditions. A state's ability to have a strong economy which helps provide jobs for its residents also depends on the educational attainment of it residents and how welcoming the state is to industry. In this paper, we will examine five attributes that help determine the level of median income in each state. We will estimate a regression model for these variables and examine how these variables affect the medianincome. Impact on Median Income Independent Variables Expected Sign Unemployment Rate College Undergraduate Attainment +


: The paper presents some of the results, obtained during the research on scientific project at TU-Sofia № 171ПР0012-06 "Research on the influence of using raster image processors (RIP) on the quality of color printing of poligraphic digital proofing systems". The purpose of the parer is to present an optimized method for preparation of digital color toner based printer for color managed printing. The printer being researched uses specialized color server (RIP), that introduces many new functionalities, but at the same time introduces new difficulties related to setting the corrects settings in order to obtain predictable and repeatable quality prints. There are not many references in the literature to the correct way ot making these settings and the paper will be very usefull to those interested in the research of such printers as well as to practitioners in the field of digital printing, because it presents, in an organized way, the author's experience in the research of these printers and his practical experience in the field.


Panicle traits exhibit quantitative variation controlled by genes, the environment, and their interaction. In switchgrass, a perennial biofuel crop, identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and QTL x E interactions controlling panicle architecture could aid breeding efforts and cultivar development by impacting seed productivity. In this study, we evaluate the genetic architecture of panicle traits including panicle length, primary branching number, and secondary branching number in an outcrossing switchgrass population grown across ten field sites in the central United States. We evaluated pleiotropic relationships between panicle traits and flowering time, tiller production and biomass. We also identified environmental factors correlated with QTL x E interactions and potential candidate genes underlying panicle trait QTL in switchgrass. Overall, our multi-environment mixed QTL model detected 18 QTL for panicle traits. Twelve of the QTL exhibited consistent effects (i.e., no QTL x E), and most (4 of 6) of the effects with QTL x E exhibited condition-specific effects. Many of the QTL x E effects were associated with yearly mean temperature and photoperiod. Panicle QTL co-localized with previously identified flowering time QTL and candidate genes associated with flowering, supporting a pleiotropic model of panicle development based on shared developmental genetics and responses to environmental signals.


how government was instrumental in channeling individual enterprise during the nineteenth century. Following the lead of James Willard Hurst, a new school of legal historians, Harry N. Scheiber and Morton J. Horwitz among them, are exploring the interface between law and economic development. The emphasis of this new approach is upon the many ways in which the nature of economic activity is influenced by non-market policy decisions of judges, administrators, and lawmakers. Hughes provides an excellent introduction to this work from the economic historian's perspective. Despite the essential value of this study, it is not without shortcomings (though these are probably more the result of brevity and compression than of error). Throughout the book, there is a tendency to hurry over or ignore complex questions that are not as indisputable as the author suggests. It is not, for example, as settled or obvious as Hughes implies that the navigation system favored the American mercantile community. The old debate between Harper and Dickerson shows the complexity of the problem. In a similar vein, the flat claim that slavery was profitable could be qualified. Even in the book's most original sections on the tenure system, more explanation would be useful. Hughes rightly points out the importance of the free tenures to property title, but he fails to consider or discuss the uncertainty arising from the confused and unsettled common law of property in all the colonies, which would have significant ramifications for the settlement of the western and southern states (as Geobel, Chafee, and Haskins have shown). Perhaps the most pressing questions in this study, however, arise from its failure to identify just what interests are behind the various non-market policy decisions of lawmakers. Given the frequent controversies arising between a rural-based elite and commercial elite in the colonial period, it is clear that all interests did not favor all governmental controls or legal sanctions. Who did or did not, and why? Hughes does not say. Such criticism, however, ignores the real contribution of this study. Its author has achieved what he set out to do, which is to help "to add a new dimension to American economic history, the original character of social control imposed through law and government" (vi). In accomplishing this purpose Professor Hughes will, I expect, reach more people than even he realizes.


A novel wireless biopsy capsule endoscopic method is presented in this study. The developed biopsy endoscope can be actively controlled during investigation process and collect tissue sample at suspicious target lesion. The novel capsule endoscope consists of a permanent magnet, a micro biopsy punch module, and an external electromagnetic actuation system. A pill-shape prototype of capsule endoscope with biopsy device is manufacture with dimension of 12 mm in diameter and 32 mm in length. By controlling the external electro-magnetic actuation, we can create the targeting locomotion and biopsy operation for capsule endoscope. The interactions between controllable magnetic field of electromagnetic actuation system and permanent magnet inside capsule body enables the micro-biopsy module be able to extrude out of capsule body for tissue collection operation. The collected biopsy tissue had volume of about 5 mm3, which is sufficient for histological analysis. Experiments are conducted to measure force, controllability of biopsy module in ex-vivo. The feasibility of locomotion, targeting and biopsy procedure are also provided.


A calculation method has been produced for the propagation of vibration in the ground from a stationary oscillating load applied via a railway track structure. The model includes the track as an infinite layered beam structure resting on a ground made up of infinite parallel homogeneous elastic layers. These layers may either be constrained at the lower interface or coupled to an elastic half-space. A similar model, based on wave propagating finite elements, has previously been shown to be useful in predicting the behaviour of real soils and railway tracks, but the applicability of that model was limited by long computation times. The present method is more efficient in calculating the responses at a large number of positions. The development of the theory allows analysis in terms of the amplitudes of different wave types propagating along, and normal to, the track. Example calculations are presented for a ground consisting of a layer on a half-space. By changing only the depth of the layer, two different wave propagation regimes are found, the first where propagation takes place via modes of the layer and the second, where propagation takes place via the bulk waves in the layer and the Rayleigh wave in the substratum. Both examples show the track structure to have a strong effect on the directivity and amplitude of the response of the ground surface.


The present invention describes a system and method for providing guidance of the acceleration performance. One aspect of the invention comprises a user operating system boot process of the computer system boot; identifying non-critical hardware device, the hardware device is non-critical to non-critical hardware set according to the user operating system boot; excluding the non- the key hardware devices; and without starting the non-excluded critical hardware to complete the boot process to provide the user operating system. Other embodiments are also described.


As a cultural tradition dialogue there is regarded the opposition "West Holy Russia" in the Russian music theater of the first part of the XIX century. There are analyzed new names of the compositors for the contemporary music science and hardly known opera compositions.


The nano composite Sn doped ZnO-CNT having peculiar property in various physical science fields has been synthesized using simplified cost-effective spray pyrolysis method which forms the nano powder unusually. The work has been bringing to the fundamental study such as XRD and SEM with EDAX using sophisticated instrument to confirm expected elements present with strong bond by evaluating and serious care on diffraction peaks which becomes sharper, surface morphology and energy dispersive amplitude. All crystal phases are anatase formation and no characteristic peaks of Cu metal or oxide at 2θ values which matches with JCPDS 36-1451 corresponding to ZnO and JCPDS 26-1079 corresponding to MWCNT.TEM and SAED investigated the entitled compound that particles size, shape and presence of oxygen under ZnO and CNT remand, 2% of Sn was doped with this source solution.


Article deals with sociological survey results of two respondents types (foreign labour migrants and local community) within five Russian Arctic regions (Yamalo-Nenetsky Autonomous District, Chukotksy Autonomous District, Republic of Karelia, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Murmansk Oblast). Survey results of foreign labour migrants made it possible to create a foreign labour migrant profile in the Russian Arctic — it is a man with a secondary vocational education. Survey results of local community in the Russian Arctic made it possible to calculate both conflict index and tolerance index in relation to five Russian Arctic regions. It turned out that conflict index is still quite high at Republic of Karelia and Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). More peaceful situation takes place at Chukotka Autonomous District and Murmanskya Oblast. Both empirical study and its theoretical generalization revealed foreign labour migrants' integration issues in the Arctic as well as what might happen when social climate fluctuates. The goal of this article is to identify opportunities for cooperation between local communities and foreign labour migrants in the Arctic taking into account socio-economic and ethnic traits of Russian Arctic regions. Based on sociological toolkit identifying some tension areas a theoretical rationale was formulated in order to demonstrate how foreign labour migrants'integration in the Arctic regions occurs and what might happen when social climate fluctuates. A structural model determining interethnic conflicts likelihood was also applied for predictive evaluation. In conclusion, it is emphasized that respondents' survey results hold in five Arctic regions have demonstrated its "preventive" nature for the Arctic. In terms of interethnic relations, Russian Arctic is not tense and is under control. At the same time, communicative model development between foreign labor migrants and host community allowed us to see how migrants' integration occurs in the Arctic and what might happen in social climate under certain fluctuations.


Emerging stock markets provide great opportunities for investment growth and risk diversification. However, they are more vulnerable to extreme market events. This study examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on stock performance in sub-Saharan African stock markets. An event study method was used to determine whether there was any significant difference in sector returns before and during the pandemic, and panel data regression was used to determine the causal relationship between COVID-19 events and the abnormal returns observed. Four stock exchanges were chosen, including the two largest and two fastest-growing markets in sub-Saharan Africa. According to the study's findings, the information technology, consumer staples, and healthcare sectors outperformed during the pandemic, while the industrials, materials, and real estate sectors underperformed. The financial and consumer discretionary proved to be the most stable sectors during the pandemic. We also observed that the imposition of lockdown had a negative impact on the performance of most sectors in sub-Saharan African markets, whereas government assistance in the form of economic stimulus packages had no significant positive impact on stock performance except in the South African market. Furthermore, we find that increases in COVID-19 cases and deaths had no negative impact on capital markets, where stocks have responded positively to economic recovery aid. The study concludes that during the COVID-19 pandemic, stocks reacted more to government actions than the occurrence of the pandemic itself.


This paper tries to describe the Marxist Feminist values that are embedded within themovie Suffragette. Suffragette is a movie created by Sara Gayron and was premiered bythe French cinema Pathé. Suffragette was inspired by a true story of the movement fromthe Radical Feminist group Suffragette led by Emmeline Pankhurst, in fighting for thewomen's rights for political participation. Suffragette tells the story using the perspectiveof the main character Maud Watts, a laundry service worker who joined Pankhurst inraising the issue of sexual harassment and women's rights to vote in front of theParliament; which mainly consists of upper class Caucasian men. This paper exhibits theinequality between the upper class and the domination of masculinity towards thelabors/female labors. This research adapt on Sara Mills' Discourse Analysismethodology in order to provide description of the Marxist Feminist values which wasadopted within the character of Maud Watt, as the research subject, and the act ofresistance by Suffragettes as the object; in addition, placing the movie viewers as thereader and Sara Gavron as the writer. The values of Marxist Feminism were visiblethrough the scene which the character Maud Watts gave her testimony before the courtand within the Darby Horse Race scene which the group Suffragette performed theirprotest. The court scene showed the resistance from the female labor group, whichrepresents the rejection against the hegemonic masculinity values that's projected by theupper class Caucasian men in parliament. In the final scene, the Darby, which wasconsidered as an activity for the elites and demonstrates masculine and competitivevalues, was chosen as a channel to demonstrate the labor class women's resistance.Keywords : Representation, Marxist Feminism, Suffragette, Feminist Methodology, Movie.


We fabricated planar PbS quantum dot devices with ohmic and Schottky type electrodes and characterized them using scanning photocurrent and photovoltage microscopies. The microscopy techniques used in this investigation allow for interrogation of the lateral depletion width and related photovoltaic properties in the planar Schottky type contacts. Titanium/QD contacts exhibited depletion widths that varied over a wide range as a function of bias voltage, while the gold/QD contacts showed ohmic behavior over the same voltage range.


parameter logit, latent class logit, and hierarchical Bayes. Conclusions. The validity of the conjoint analysis depends on the survey design and sampling design, because the method uses the stated preference data. Nation-wide, in-person interview is considered to be the best survey method for valuing environmental impacts on the whole country. The international comparison of the conjoint analysis for the life cycle impact assessment is important future research.


To evaluate the effects of brain insulin on endogenous glucose production in fasting humans, with a focus on hepatic glucose release by performing a randomized, placebo‐controlled, blinded, crossover experiment.


Turbulent flow of gases in various types of ducts is investigated. The discussion includes heat flux and mode of heat input effects, entrance region effects, duct crosssection effects, annular passages, heat transfer momentum analogies, and recommendations of analytical methods used on the duct configurations considered. Although the primary purpose of this report is to summarize available data and provide working correlations, considerable effurt is devoted to theoretical interpretations. A narrative rather than a mathematical approach is employed. (auth)


The present specification discloses a lithium-containing nanofiber and a manufacturing method thereof. In some embodiments described herein, high throughput (e.g., gas-assisted and / or water) by using electrospinning method, with the individual crystal domains or continuous lithium-containing matrix, the high energy capacity material it is possible to produce nanofibers.


Background: Young men are a highly susceptible group for HIV infection. This study aimed to identify HIV risk factors among Thai young men aged 21-23 years for appropriate preventive interventions. Methods: A case control study was conducted among 240 HIV positive and 240 HIV negative young men matched for residential areas, using a 6-part questionnaire booklet, consisting of demographic data, addictive behaviors, sexual behaviors, HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude, condom knowledge, attitude and practice and psychosocial data. The SPSS version 10 software were used for data analysis. Results: From univariate analysis, the significant risk factors were: urban housing area (OR=1.61); labor occupation (OR=1.70); income of more than 2000 Baht/month (OR=1.74); early secondary level of education and lower (OR=2.71); smoking (OR=2.46); alcohol use (OR=1.61); marijuana use (OR=4.57); amphetamine use (OR=3.44); heroin use (OR=9.32); alcohol use before sex (OR=1.74); drug use before sex (OR=3.76); IDU (OR=6.02); needle sharing (OR=5.80); first sex with female sex workers (FSWs) (OR=3.52); having more than 3 lifetime sex partners (OR=2.14); history of anal sex (OR=2.25); history of STDs (OR=2.80); HIV risk perception (OR=1.61); high speed driving preference (OR=2.73); unability of safe sex talk with partners (OR=1.78); unworrying about HIV (OR=2.28). From multiple logistic regression analysis, the variables found to be predictive of HIV positivity were: income of more than 2000 Baht/month (OR=1.94, 95% CI=1.13, 3.31); heroin use (OR=4.18, 95% CI=1.03, 16.89); drug use before sex (OR=2.20, 95 % CI=1.13, 4.29); first sex with FSWs (OR=3.47, 95 % CI=1.69, 7.13); HIV risk perception (OR=1.86, 95% CI=1.07, 3.25); unworrying about HIV (OR=1.88, 95% CI=1.16, 3.07). Conclusions: The HIV risk factors can be used for intervention programs for HIV prevention and develop a risk assessment scale to indicate which young men are at-risk for HIV infection and should be educated or counseled to reduce their risks.


The highly-efficient plant expression vector harbouring bivalent genes was constructed by applying the artificially-modified-synthesized VHb gene(vgbM gene)and the modified Bt gene(GFMcryIA gene),vgbM gene experession cassettes contained such cis-acting elements as 35S promoter,two enhancers,Ω and Kozak sequence,poly-terminator and Nos terminator,besides these elements,Bt gene expression cassettes contained splicing sequence,processing sequence and Poly(A)sequence.Transgenic tobacco plants were obtained through the transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaiens carrying the expression vector PGBI4ASVHBBt,by PCR amplification and Southern blot analysis,it was proved that the bivalent genes were inserted into the tobacco plant genome;through western blot analysis it was also verified that vgbM gene expressed in the transgenic plants.Toxicity assay indicated that transgenic plants expressed pesticidal toxin protein.


We cannot succeed building a harmonious Shanxi without culture building.A harmonious culture provides right direction,strong coagulability,adjustment,spirit motive and intelligent support for harmonious Shanxi.It is the direction finder,binding agent,safety valve and propeller for building a harmonious Shanxi.Since Shanxi enjoys rich resources of long history,it is a big nation of cultural resources;however it is not a strong province of culture.To build a harmonious Shanxi,it needs transforming the cultural resources of Shanxi into cultural forces and turning the static resources into dynamic vitality so as to mobilze the every branch of the province to develope culture,combine various cultural resources and build a harmonious homeland together.


OBJECTIVES
Iron metabolism may be altered in patients with chronic active hepatitis C. In an attempt to evaluate whether excess iron contributes to liver injury, we used phlebotomy for removal of iron from patients with chronic hepatitis C.

METHODS
All 10 patients had histochemically detectable iron in the liver and underwent an initial period of weekly or monthly phlebotomy of 200 or 400 ml. A serum ferritin level of 10 ng/ml or less was chosen as the endpoint, and maintenance phlebotomy was performed if the level rebounded.

RESULTS
The treatment reduced mean serum alanine aminotransferase activity from 152 +/- 49 to 55 +/- 32 IU/L; this level became normal in five of the 10 patients. Anti-HCV antibodies could be detected in all patients throughout the study. Histologic abnormalities of the liver were unchanged except for disappearance of iron deposits from seven of the patients studied.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that iron removal may be beneficial for patients with chronic active hepatitis C and histochemical iron in the liver.


Spurred by technology development and regulatory frameworks, self-consumption of distributed renewable electricity generation has gained relevance in many power markets around the world. Building on the concept of "prosumers" (producers and consumers), the term "prosumage" has emerged. Prosumage additionally includes energy storage that can be used to increase self-consumption (producers, consumers and storage). Here we define prosumagers as grid-connected electricity consumers who own small-scale PV generators as well as batteries, and use these installations to produce their own electricity at times, draw electricity from the grid at other times, and feed electricity to the grid at yet other times. Further, we explicitly include potential additional grid interactions of prosumagers' batteries.


A 0.42 THz fourth-harmonic large orbit gyrotron (LOG) operating with TE4,2 mode is designed and studied. Unlike the widely used TEm, 1 mode in previous high harmonic (harmonic number s>=4) LOGs, the increase of radial index from 1 to 2 and even larger values bears the potential to enhance the beam-wave interaction efficiency as well as to decrease the cavity wall loss. 3D PIC simulation has shown that an output power of 2 kW corresponding to an efficiency of 2.7% can be achieved.


Abstract The inpatient unit faces many challenges in the effort to deliver comprehensive psychiatric care to acutely ill patients with minimal lengths of stay. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), a structured, problem-focused, time-limited form of treatment has been shown to be a promising intervention with the inpatient population. This paper describes a group-oriented inpatient CBT programme for women and reports pilot data on the experiences of 78 adult female patients. Repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed that participants exhibited improved psychosocial functioning from admission to discharge, with gains maintained at 1 month post-discharge. Partial correlations indicated that participation and engagement in CBT groups is related to improved functioning at discharge. Participants diagnosed with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and psychotic disorders all evidenced similar positive treatment trajectories, suggesting that group-oriented CBT programming may be a useful addition to standard inpatient care.


We describe a case of winter mass mortality of Eurasian Siskins Carduelis spinus caused by large road salt grains that birds apparently had mistaken for potential gizzard stones (gastroliths). Clinical evidence revealed acute salt intoxication as the cause of death. We recommend using only small-sized salt grains (<2 mm) for de-icing roads in order to save wintering birdlife from a potentially hazardous substance.


An encapsulating layer was deposited on the surface of tetragonal zirconia polycrystals doped with 3 mol% of yttria (3Y-TZP), to prevent low-temperature environmental degradation (aging) of the material. The layer, which was composed of silica and zircon, was formed on the surface by exposing the specimens next to a bed of silicon carbide powder in a flowing hydrogen atmosphere that contained ∼0.1% water vapor at 1450°C. The layer was ∼0.5 µm thick and is expected to be under strong residual compressive stress. This encapsulation process remarkably improved the low-temperature degradation of the material. The strength of the specimens also was improved by this process.


Details on US Brigadier General George C. Marshall returning from a trip to Brazil, along with General Pedro Aurelio de Gois Monteiro, chief of Staff of the Brazilian Army. Runours suggest that Monteiro is to visit Germany. In part to demonsrate military strength of the US, it shows him the best US military facilities.


The need of creating the barrier for inflow, access, flow-through, efflux, outflow, or lastly the effect of ground waters and dissolved solids results from as numerous (or surely more numerous) necessities as the number of "flows" specified above. Anti-filtration barriers can be grouped in many ways depending on the fundamental purpose required in hydraulic engineering and geoengineering. The study presents various aspects of creating waterproof barriers in the ground in the short and long term, discusses the most commonly used technological solutions, and finally provides examples of such actions and warns about possible consequences.


In this paper the author introduces a general integral operator and determines conditions for the univalence of this integral operator. Also, the significant relationships and relevance with other results are also given. 1. Introduction and Preliminaries Let A be the class of functions f(z) which are analytic in the open unit disk U = {z : |z| < 1} and f(0) = f ' (0) − 1 = 0.


such useless individuals, about whose fate no one exhibits any inconvenient curiosity! Again one need not be surprised to find in the distant islands of the Pacific a healthy native population. They live much in the open air, in an atmosphere practically free from pathogenic germs, so long as contamination from without does not reach them; but the very disastrous results of imported disease, such as small-pox, measles, syphilis, etc., are notorious, and one can easily believe that the advent of cancer-bearing individuals would be followed by the spread of this disease also. ETHNOLOGICAL. The freedom of certain peoples from cancer does not appear to be due to individual immunity, but to the accident of locality and environment, and the mode of life. Under favourable conditions any one may become a victim to cancer. There is a popular belief that Jews as a race are remarkably exempt from cancer, but this belief is quite erroneous, as is shown by cancer statistics. One reason alleged for this is that Jews, generally speaking, have a great repugnance to become inmates of hospitals where Gentiles are in attendance, and thus few cases are found in these institutions. Private practitioners do not find that Jews exhibit any immunity from cancer in general. The male Jew may unquestionably claim perfect immunity from one form of cancer which his Gentile brother may suffer from, but apart of this he is equally vulnerable and liable.


The avian fauna of the southern oceans is rich and varied especially south of the sub-tropical convergence where the ocean is more productive at all the levels. The author had the opportunity of watching the sea birds between Mauritius and Antarctica during the Third Indian Expedition to the Antarctica (1983-'84). The birds observed generally belonged to penguins, albatrosses, petrels, prions, noodies, fulamrs, terns ans sku as. A total of 34 species were observed which come under 22 genera and seven families of which eight species were found to occur in the Antarctic continent and the adjacent sea.


This paper studied the
humoral and cellular level imunoresistance in animals after introduction of CuSO4 solution and animals after serial input
CuSO4 solution and peptide immunotropic drugs. Objective – comparative evaluation of low immunotropic peptide
preparations of bacterial origin "Ruzam" and "Miksfaktor" in experimental animals after intoxication copper ions. The
results showed that the "Ruzam" and "Miksfaktor" drugs against intoxication immunotropic pronounced effect in the
humoral link of immunity. Immunotropic drug "Miksfaktor" had a weak mitogenic effect and increased the number of
blasttransformate lymphocytes compared with the control and influence of the drug "Ruzam". Also "Miksfaktor" stimulate
index recovery nytrosyny tetrazolium phagocytic neutrophils in spontaneous and stimulated test a model of chronic
intoxication.
Keywords: immunotropic drug, blasttransformation, resistance, immune response.


Energy conservation is the very major concern in recent scenarios, mainly in power plants. The following work is done in accordance with North Chennai Thermal Power Station. In power plants, Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) are utilized to filter the fly ash from exhaust flue gas before passing it to the atmosphere. The fly ash is collected down in the ESP hoppers, which are provided with heat by the application of heating coils. The function of heating coils is to heat the ESP hoppers and make a free flow of ash while removal from hopper. Power supplied to heat the coils is taken as the auxiliary power consumption from the total power produced in the plant. The main purpose of this work is to eliminate this unwanted auxiliary power consumption so far consumed for the purpose of heating ESP hopper heaters, by replacing the heaters with waste heat recovered from boiler in a conventional thermal power plant. By performing this work, auxiliary power consumed for this entire hoppers can be saved, which can save the supply and add economic advantage to the plant. This can be done by using the hot air source tapped from secondary air duct before the entry into wind box of the boiler. This is atmospheric air which passes through a regenerative Air Preheater (APH) to procure hot air to burn the pulverized coal. Thus taking small mass flow of air by tapping the duct, the heat source can be obtained. The temperature of hot air required, mass flow rate, heat exchanging method, modified hopper design are the main parameters considered and optimised. This new retrofit in the thermal power plants can save enormous amount of power supplied earlier and can add economic benefits to all thermal power stations across our country.


Related to the housing construction, some regulations have been adopted several times by the Indonesian government. Under the Act of Housing and Settlement Region, the forms of houses are divided into three categories: single houses, row houses, and apartments. The difference between a single house and a row house lies only in the sides of the building. The sides of the buildings of row houses are fused with the one or more other buildings. While a single house has its own plot and one of the walls of the building is not built right on the line of the boundary plots. Not all multi-storey buildings are subject to the provisions of flats. Single Ownership is implemented in the regulation of the storey-buildings so that it is not subject to the provisions of flats. While the storey buildings divided into sections/parts can be owned separately although they are not separeted with the common parts. They are Multy Ownership and subject to the provisions of strata. Ownership characteristics on strata are not the same as on residential and other buildings.


Local recurrence is the most frequently relapse in breast cancer. We examined the clinical, histological and prognostic data of local recurrence in 169 pre- and postmenopausal women after mastectomy or breast conserving surgery. According to the time of recurrence, we separated the patients in 3 groups: 0-2 years, 2-4 years and more than 4 years after diagnosis. The relapse free interval was about 33 month on average. There was neither a correlation to the age of the patients at the time of first diagnosis nor to the histology or the hormonal receptors. A statistically significant correlation was found between the duration of relapse free interval and the size of the primary cancer, the number of positive lymph nodes and the cytological and histological grading. Comparing mastectomy or breast conserving surgery the correlation to the size of the cancer decreased in the group of patients with mastectomy and there was no significance for the lymph nodes at all. The hereditary disease and the multifocality were of great importance. Women with breast conserving surgery were less likely to suffer local recurrence. Among the adjuvant therapies only local radiation showed a benefit to the patients. Early appearance of the first local recurrence had a worse prognosis with respect to later metastasis. The risk associated with these criteria should be taken into consideration in planning the therapy. Women thus identified as belonging to higher risk groups should receive local radiation more often. They should be followed up in shorter intervals, especially in the first 2 years. Reference is done to corresponding trials of therapy.


Prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) increases during pregnancy and is seen in 40-80% of all pregnant women. The two major factors that promote GERD in pregnant women are changes in hormones and the growing fetus. Changes in levels of estrogen and progesterone result in a decrease in the lower esophageal sphincter pressure thereby increasing acid reflux. Additionally, the growing fetus causes an increase in intra-abdominal pressure, resulting in an increase in the development of reflux (14). Reported risk factors for GERD during pregnancy include women's age, obesity, weight gain during pregnancy, history of GERD symptoms, gestational age, and multiparity (1, 5, 6).


The different behaviour of Th and U in aqueous solutions is discussed. Hydrolysis, colloid formation and retention of Th are sludied by paper chromatography and by filtration and ultrafiltration as function of pH and time. The behaviour of Th in ihree natural groundwaters is investigated as function of time by filtration and ultrafiltration and by means of a scanning electron microscope with microprobe. Autoradiography is also applied. — Evidence for the formation of colloids of Th is presented. In groundwaters silicic acid serves as carrier. After filtration and ultrafiltration new fine (colloid) and coarse particles are formed carrying Th. The percentage of Th in the coarse particle fractions increases with the concentration of Th and with the salinity of the groundwater.


Hot flashes and other vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women with breast cancer taking aromatase inhibitors were significantly improved after acupuncture, study finds.


Current thinking about the effect of religion on civic engagement centers on "institutional treatment"—the development of resources, social pathways to recruitment, and motivation that occurs in small groups and activities of congregations. None of this work has yet incorporated the personality traits that may shape the uptake of institutional treatment. Following a growing line of research articulating how individual predispositions condition political involvement, we argue that gendered personality differences may moderate civic skill development. With new data, we find that women do not develop skills from religious involvement at the same rate as men and that this pattern is largely attributable to their distinctive personality profile. The results shift the balance between individuals and institutional influences by augmenting the cognitive bases for acquiring church-gained experiences and linking them to the public square.


A double resonance technique, employing a pulsed transverse HF laser to pump the ν =0→2 level of the 2Π1/2 ground electronic state of NO and a CW electrically excited CO laser to probe the ν =1→2 and ν =2→3 levels of both the 2Π1/2 and 2Π3/2 states of NO, was used to determine the V‐T rate constant k10 and estimate the V‐V and spin relaxation rates. The value of k10 for the process NO(1)+NO(0)→2NO(0) was found to be 2.6±0.2×103 torr−1 · sec−1 at 295°K.


Osteosarcoma is the malignant bone tumor with a variety of gene mutations involved in its occurrence and development, which commonly occurs in adolescents who are under the age of 20, For recent years, many scholars have believed that Runtrelated transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) expression change may be directly involved in the malignant progress of osteosarcoma[1,2]. RUNX3 belongs to Runt-related transcription factor family. Cell research has demonstrated that RUNX3 gene knockout can lead to the occurrence of a variety of tumors[3,4], but there is not much research about the relationship between RUNX3 and osteosarcoma at present. In order to define the role of RUNX3 in the osteosarcoma progression, the expression of RUNX3 gene in osteosarcoma tissue and adjacent tissue were compared in the study, and the effect of differential expression of RUNX3 gene in osteosarcoma tissue on tumor proliferation, angiogenesis and other malignant behaviors was further explored, hereby reported as follows.


In both the academic and practical circles, there exists a heated dispute on whether the court has the right to reconvict or not. Prof. Long Zongzhi holds that, since legislation as well as judicial interpretation have already endowed the court with the right of reconviction, it is more about how to operate in specific cases than on whether the court possesses the power. That is to say, it is something concerning the procedures. Accordingly, he not only suggests that certain imparting procedure for reconviction should be set up, but also proves its rationality and feasibility. After thorough studies on the strategies of reconviction, this essay aims at expounding in details its irrationality in the light of jurisprudence, lack of supports as far as conditions are concerned and infeasibility in practice, and then puts forward a more rational alternative: making innocent judgment after invalid negotiation.


We used egg addition experiments and naturally parasitised nest of Common Pochard Aythya ferina and Tufted Duck A. fuligula to look for three host responses to brood parasitism; nest abandonment, egg discrimination, and between-year nest site movement. Parasitised females did not abandon nests more often (P = 0.26), discriminate against parasite eggs (P's >/= 0.38) or move their nests a greater distance (P's >/= 0.39) than non-parasitised females for either species. Host female Common Pochards and Tufted Ducks do not discriminate against parasitic eggs once they are added to the nest.


A Comprehensive laboratory study, employing an appropriate range of flow Froude Number and contraction ratio, was undertaken for curvilinear and accelerating flow occuring against the advancing face and through the gap at end-dumped channel constrictions. Pertinent results on flow pattern, velocity distribution and boundary shear distribution, are reported and discussed. The locus of the shear maxima, which attains its highest point value on the advancing face of the constriction is observed to essentially overlap the path of the high velocity filament; a pattern that is similar to that found in a channel bend. Results show that which an increase in the contraction ratio, the corresponding increase in boundary shear over that in the uncontracted channel is exponential, although the increase in velocity is only nominal. A followup laboratory study on shear distribution at over-bank channel constrictions shows an identical trend.


Single-particle resonances in deformed nuclei are considered using the coupled-channel Schrodinger equation method with the outgoing boundary conditions. Two variants of this method are investigated: the non-adiabatic one (based on the weak-coupling scheme) and the adiabatic one (based on the strong coupling). The R-matrix theory and the Gamow state approach are discussed and compared with each other. It is shown that the widths of very narrow proton resonances can be calculated by combining the harmonic oscillator expansion method with the R-matrix approach.


Abstract:  Low back pain has long been described as a challenge for both primary care physicians and specialists. Management of low back pain has also been criticized as frequently arbitrary, inappropriate, or ineffective. Contributing factors have been an inadequate evidence base and a need for more rigorous appraisals of the available literature.


In an interview today in The Wall Street Journal, Mr. Bush took issue with a proposal supported by Alan Greenspan, chairman of the Federal Reserve, that would force companies to record such options as expenses, like other forms of compensation. Instead, Mr. Bush said, he would simply require that companies add exercised options to the number of shares outstanding when calculating a company's per-share earnings.


In Francfort and Marigo's variational free‐discontinuity formulation of brittle fracture [1] cracking is regarded as an energy minimization process, where the total energy is minimized with respect to any admissible crack set and displacement field. No additional criterion is needed to determine crack paths, branching of cracks and crack initiations. However, a direct discretization of the model is faced with significant technical problems, as it involves minimizations in a set of possibly discontinuous functions. A regularized version of the model has been introduced by Bourdin [2] and based on this, we use the concept of a continuum phase field model to simulate cracking processes. Cracks are indicated by the order parameter of the phase field model and cracking can be regarded as a phase transition problem. Additionally, introducing the heat equation into the model, it is capable to also take account of crack propagation due to thermal stresses. In the numerical implementation, crack parameter as well as temperature are treated as additional degrees of freedom and the coupled field equations are solved using the finite element method together with an implicit time integration scheme. (© 2009 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Twentieth-century relative sea level rise shows considerable variability along the U.S. East and Gulf coasts. Local rates of rise lie in the range of about 1.5 to more than 4 mm per year for records from Key West, Florida, to New York City. Rates of sea level rise in the Gulf of Mexico can be much higher. In Texas and Louisiana, long-term water levels are rising up to about 10 mm per year. This is having disastrous consequences in the form of wetlands loss in the region, estimated to be as much as 65 km 2 per year in the Mississippi Delta area of Louisiana alone. Beach erosion is also significant along both the Gulf and Atlantic coasts, resulting in ever-increasing exposure of fixed structures to the damaging impacts of storms. The especially high rates of sea level rise in Louisiana and Texas are a result of their particular geomorphology, and anthropogenic alterations in the form of sediment diversion and withdrawal of underground fluids. The average long-term local rate of sea level rise on the rest of the U.S. East and Gulf coasts when corrected for glacial isostatic adjustment is about 2 mm per year, in conformity with 20 th century global sea level rise. U.S. East and Gulf coast tide gauge records also have regionally coherent low frequency (decadal and longer) variations that need to be understood because of their impact on wetlands loss, and to enable accurate determination of long-term trends of sea level rise.


As periodical geographical phenomena cover lots of rules,geographic data mining provides a way to find out such rules.In this paper,an algorithm called PRules-Miner is designed based on period table to mine spatio-temporal association rules.Using this mining model,spatio-temporal data were reorganized from sequential dataset to period table set.And spatio-temporal association rules,which describe the tele-connected movement model of two or more objects,can be dug out through three steps: 1) Filtering disorder data in period table: we extract spatio-temporal frequent status in each row and store such status into spatio-temporal frequent item set;2) Matching objects in the item set based on downward closure lemma and spatio-temporal topology: we match the objects in order to create the spatio-temporal association candidate set;3) Verifying the candidate set under spatio-temporal topology to find the rules which have to satisfy the spatio-temporal support and spatio-temporal confidence.And the final rules are the spatio-temporal association rules.To check the validation of the algorithm,we use 20 years' AVHRR Product 016,which is sea surface inversion temperature data provided by PO.DAAC and the same period records of Nanjing's daily precipitation provided by National Academy of Meteorological Sciences to mine the tele-connection rules between Eastern Indo Ocean and Western Pacific Ocean Warm Pool and Nanjing's precipitation.The results show,this mining model has the following characteristics: 1) this algorithm is object-orientated and can describe geographical status independently.Thus,the final spatio-temporal association rules are not correlated with spatial scale or temporal scale.2) The candidate item set is created by Cartesian product,and it can represent complicated spatio-temporal topology between objects.And the spatio-temporal topology can be set manually so as to find the association of none adjacent objects in spatio-temporal dimensions.After setting spatio-temporal topology,spatio-temporal association rules can be mined and validated from candidate set.In the final rules,one object's frequent status is combined with another object's frequent status with given spatio-temporal topology.Thus,the association of objects with uncertain time lag can be extracted.


The operation error of a robot manipulator that occurs inevitably due to the manufacturing tolerance needs to be controlled within a certain range to achieve proper performance. The reduction of manufacturing tolerance, however, increases the manufacturing cost in return. Therefore, system design engineers try to solve the problem of maximizing the tolerance to reduce the manufacturing cost while minimizing the operation error to satisfy the performance requirement. In the present study, a revolute joint model considering the variation of joint axis orientation due to joint clearance is employed to perform a tolerance analysis of the robot manipulator operation. This paper presents a hybrid method which employs the sensitivity-based analytic method and the single Monte-Carlo simulation. The proposed method provides rapid implementation and the accurate statistical properties using the only single integration or single iteration for one sample set, whereas the Monte-Carlo method necessitates integrations as the number of samples and cases. Significant reduction of computing time can be achieved with the proposed method. The present method is especially effective if sensitivity information is hard to be obtained for the analysis.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


....................................................................................................................... 1 RESUM ................................................................................................................................ 2 RESUMEN .......................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ 4 Revision history and approval record ............................................................................. 5 Table of contents ................................................................................................................ 6 List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... 9 List of Tables .................................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER