The increasing interest and the accumulating knowledge of fibrinolysis has induced a search for more convenient and accurate methods for the measurement of this particular proteolytic phenomenon. Procedures allowing a more precise measurement of single phases of the complex process would be of great interest. Fibrinolysis is induced by activating plasminogen, a precursor contained in most human body fluids, to plasmin, the active enzyme. The best known activating agent, until recently almost exclusively used, is streptokinase. Streptokinase acts probably through the intermediary of a proactivator, also contained in most body fluids. It is also known that activating human 'kinases' exist, particularly in urine (Astrup & Sterndorff, 1952). Only recently has it been possible to isolate and purify this human kinase from urine and to make it available in quantities (Kaulla, 1954, 1956). The urinary material is called urokinase or urofibrinolysokinase. It enables the production of fibrinolysis with human activating agents instead of with the bacterial streptokinase. In order to measure fibrinolytic processes more accurately, the fact has been exploited that proteolytic enzymes are capable of splitting synthetic amino acid esters. Purified plasmin preparations have been shown to split the synthetic amino acid esters (Troll, Sherry & Wachman, 1954; Troll & Sherry, 1955). However, Schultz, Moorman, Matoush & Lincoln (1957) have seen no difference in esterase activity as measured by the release of free amino acids from the esters when blood from patients with very marked spontaneous fibrinolytic activity was compared with non-fibrinolytic normal blood. This paper presents the results from a study designed to investigate further the correlation of ester-splitting activity with the proteolytic breakdown of fibrin (fibrinolysis). The esterase activity of human urokinase preparations, fibrinolytic * Present address: Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon. t Research Fellow of the American Heart Association. human euglobulins and non-fibrinolytic euglobulins, alone and in the presence of plasma, were determined. The fibrinolytic euglobulins were obtained from plasma treated with human urine. When addedF before clotting they caused, in the concentration used, complete dissolution of a plasma clot in 20 min.-1 hr. The non-fibrinolytic euglobulins were obtained from untreated plasma. They did not cause appreciable lysis of a plasma clot on 24 hr. incubation. Urokinase acts, not as a fibrinolytic enzyme itself, but as an activating agent towards plasminogen (which in our experiments is contained in the plasma), transforming it into plasmin (fibrinolytic enzyme). On the other hand, the fibrinolytic euglobulins contain active plasmin formed by activation of plasminogen during the treatment of the plasma from which they were derived with urine (see below). Our results demonstrate a further lack of correlation between esterase activity and fibrinolytic activity when the activation of humanplasma plasminogen was brought about by human activators. This is in contrast with the results obtained after activation of plasma plasminogen by streptokinase. Both findings would allow for speculation whether the intermediate steps in the process of fibrinolysis could be correlated with esterase activity.


A lot of attention has been paid to e-learning because it has a great potential in education. It has the advantage of transcending time and space in the environment with widespread digital media and cloud computing in its early stage. Even though it is important. due to its non face to face characteristics, there are a lot of problems, such as diversity, instancy, and interactions, and clear standards have not been set yet, In the design course, practice is a very important learning element that could decide the learning effect, but it has not been used or researched sufficiently, This study tried to find an effective practice method to improve learning and present a model with better interaction based on the results of survey to find learner demands and the analysis of the characteristics of types of practice and general theories. Through this, it was possible to verify the appropriateness of current practice methods, things to be improved, and problems. Based on the findings, a device that ensures learner participation was prepared to induce active learner participation by creating learner oriented environment and checking whether the learners participate in practice and practice process. To improve instant interactions during the practice, system support as well as helping the learners concentrate more on learning by using diverse multimedia in practice are needed. Based on the findings of this study, it will be possible to create more effective education environment by using more effective practice methods for design practice course.


ABSTRACT We designed and implemented a hybrid elementary social studies education elective focused on antiracist teacher education, place-based teacher education, and archaeology with partners at an historic site, James Madison's Montpelier. Our action research study indicates that, in the midst of injustices highlighted in 2020, participants engaged in meaningful race reflection in ways that demonstrated shifts toward becoming more antiracist individuals and teachers. Purposeful course work and interactions with course texts and participants, as well as the power of the place itself, supported students' race reflections toward increased racial awareness and understandings of how to facilitate their future elementary students' racial literacy. Implications include that critical place-based experiences have the potential to serve as powerful learning experiences to prepare preservice social studies teachers to teach children about race and racism.


THE BACKGROUND OF THE FEDERAL STATUTES PERTAINING TO HIGHWAYS AND THE ENVIRONMENT ARE REVIEWED. JUDICIAL INTERPRETATIONS LEADING TO AND THE IMMEDIATE CONSEQUENCES OF THE WIDELY PUBLICIZED "OVERTON PARK" CASE ARE DISCUSSED. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT BOTH THE LETTER AND SPIRIT OF THE PARKLANDS STATUTES AND THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT REQUIRE PROSPECTIVE RATHER THAN RETROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF FEDERALLY FUNDED PROJECTS. /AUTHOR/


Despite the benefits of the technology, adoption of computerized data collection has been slow. Application development costs and a potential loss of experimental control have both worked to inhibit the advancement of this technology. This study compared a low-cost, Web-based, survey development tool with the traditional paper and pencil method. 91 undergraduates completed a simple warnings experiment using either a paper survey or a Web-based computer survey. Results from these studies were compared to evaluate possible differences associated with delivery method. Analysis of the data found no significant main effect for delivery method and no significant interactions involving method. The lack of differences and similarities in the collected data are encouraging. Web-based data collection methods can enhance existing warnings research methods and participant populations.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Nancy Gallagher for her close guidance and endless patience as I prepared this study and John Steinbruner for his overall leadership on the project. I am extremely grateful to Joan Johnson-Freese of the U.S. Naval War College for comments on an earlier draft. And many thanks go to the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation for generous financial support and to the Center for International & Security Studies at Mary-land for providing a graduate fellowship supporting my studies at the University of Mary-land. Any errors or omissions that remain are the responsibility of the author.


Nowadays, the development of economy and society and consciousness structure are closely intertwined. One of humans' major concerns now is how to overcome a series of environmental, economic, and social issues. The concept of sustainable development was put forward to instruct people to develop economy and society without damaging environment and sacrificing the welfare of our offspring, and development is at the heart of sustainable development. Everyone is affected by it in a variety of ways. Sustainable Social Development (SSD) is a newly launched journal focusing on the research of sustainable development.


Subdivision surfaces are finding their way into many Computer Aided Design (CAD) and animation packages. They have been used in lossy 3D mesh compression with possible applications such as level of details (LOD), progressive transmission and 3D streaming. Also, in recent years 3D mesh compression has become necessary for transferring and browsing 3D objects over the internet. This paper explores developing one such method for Loop subdivision surfaces, which can be used as a lossy compression scheme. The method presented is simple, yet efficient and effective compared to other existing 3D mesh coders, such as Loop subdivision wavelets. A new approach is used to remesh a mesh of arbitrary topology without resorting to parametrization. The method then applies a new technique to solve the inverse Loop subdivision surface problem without resorting to subdivision wavelets resulting in multiresolution meshes which can be used as progressive geometry compression.


Abstract A high performance liquid chromatographic determination of antiarrhythmic agents: propafenone (PPF) with its principal active metabolite 5-hydroxypropafenone (5-OHPPF), amiodarone (AD) with an active metabolite desethylamiodarone (DEAD), mexiletine (MEX) and diltiazem (DILT) in human serum is presented. The compounds are separated on Supelcosil LC-CN column at ambient temperature under isocratic conditions. For PPF, 5-OHPPF, MEX and DILT analysis the mobile phase: CH3CN: H2O: 0.5 M KH2PO4 (360:620:20 v/v) is pumped at a flow rate of 1.8 mL/min and the ultraviolet detection is performed at 210 nm. AD and DEAD are eluted with stronger mobile phase: CH3OH: CH3CN: H2O: 0.5 M KH2PO4 (480:136:360:24 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and detected at 240 nm. Sample preparation is based on simple liquid-liquid extraction from acidified serum for AD and DEAD and on liquid-liquid extraction from alkalized serum followed by back extraction for PPF, 5-OHPPF, MEX and DILT analysis. Sensitivity of the assay was...


Whakapapa is the Māori term for genealogy. It has been described by some as the skeletal structure of Māori epistemology because all things have their own genealogies. In research, whakapapa has been presented in tribal histories, Māori Land Court records, and consistently as a framework for mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) and Māori research methodologies. This essay offers a brief overview of the ways in which whakapapa has been understood and negotiated in research particularly after the arrival of Europeans. Some early ethnographers, for instance, applied their own genealogical methods of dating to whakapapa, which influenced various Māori approaches from the twentieth century. With the advent of literacy and print, Māori experimented with new ways to record genealogy, and yet the underlying oral, ethical, and cultural practices that are crucial to whakapapa have remained integral to how it still lives and operates in Māori communities today.


The article discusses the peculiarities of the application the rating system evaluation of students in order to improve the educational process in the framework of the FSES SVE. The experience in implementation of rating system is considered by the example of the study of economic subjects and vocational modules. The advantages of the rating system and the problems associated with its use are listed; possible ways to address these problems are suggested.


Review(s) of: Diversity and inclusion in higher education: Emerging perspectives on institutional transformation by Daryl G. Smith (Ed.), ISBN 9780415529181 (hbk), ISBN 9781315797885 (ebk), Routledge, xvi + 175 pp., 2014.


PdAl was milled under controlled oxygen atmosphere with the aim of obtaining Pd/Al 2 O 3 nanocomposite. However the measured oxygen absorption during milling far exceeded the mole fraction needed to form Al 2 O 3 . A similar result was obtained for PtAl milled under O 2 gas. This initially led to the speculation about possible formation of AlO 2 as reported by Lu and al.[12]. However TEM results. X-ray and thermogravimetric analysis showed clearly that the excess oxygen absorption is due to formation of amorphous PdO. This result was further confirmed by the preparation of amorphous PdO during milling of pure Pd under O 2 gas.


photons, focal skin distance 50 cm and applicator size 15 cm x 15 cm. A surface dose of 50 Gy was prescribed in ten fractions over 12 days. Follow-up at 2 months showed resolving radiation reaction in his perineum with no evidence of residual disease (Figure 1). Thereafter he was seen regularly and 10 years after the radiation therapy there was no sign of recurrent Paget's disease or of underlying adnexal carcinoma (full report to be published elsewhere).


Background: Electroencephalography (EEG) is a widespread test in medical setup yet there is scarcity of data of what percentage of referred EEG has abnormality that is suggestive of epileptiform discharges and what is the frequency distribution of these abnormalities. Objective : The study is used to retrospectively evaluate the frequency and pattern of EEG abnormality in various age groups and all sexes. Method: It was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of EEG of every patient referred to EEG laboratory for finding discharges suggestive of epileptiform discharges over a one-year period. The age and sex data of patients were collected. The epileptiform discharges were classified accordingly to the International Federation of Societies of Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology definition of interictal epileptiform activities (IEA). Result: The study revealed that a higher percentage of patients in the younger age group (100/126 [79%]) displayed abnormal EEG results, compared to the adult population (58/106 [54%]). This discrepancy indicates a significant difference in the prevalence of abnormal EEG findings between these two age groups. Moreover, the study found no discernible variation in the occurrence of abnormal EEG results based on sex. Conclusion: The study found age was an important variable in predicting both frequency of abnormality and its type.


A new phenylbenzoxazole-based ligand bearing a pyridyl group (abbreviated as L) was designed and applied for self-assembly with corresponding cadmium(II) salts to generate four coordination complexes, namely, C19H15CdCl2N3O (1), C19H15Cd2Br2N3O (2), C40H38Cd2I4N6O4 (3) and C21H15CdN5OS2 (4). All the complexes 1–4 were fully characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. In 1 and 4, new supramolecular architectures are built mainly through synergistic effects of coordination bonds, hydrogen bonding interactions based on the anions and the benzoxazolyl nitrogen (oxygen) atom. There are more C–H⋯π and π–π stacking interactions constructing the higher dimensional structure in 2 and 3, respectively. In addition, in complex 3, we observe that CH3OH molecules are dispersed in the supramolecular structure and play a vital role in building the supramolecular structure. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the complexes were investigated using the Z-scan technique, which showed that complexes 1 and 3 have obvious nonlinear absorption compared to ligand L.


Dormitory conflicts are common psychological disorders in students' interpersonal,psychological disorders that are not reasonable in the circumstances likely to ease the development of a psychological crisis.In outlining the case on the basis of psychological crisis,from interpersonal relationships,family environment,in which age,personality and selfawareness and other aspects of the psychological analysis of case-specific causes of the crisis,put forward by correcting wrong perception to eliminate the psychological crisis interventions,and suggested that counselors in the role of "event finder" and "process participants' role in the process,take the right time,find the right way,using the scientific method to prevent students' sudden psychological crisis.


Abstract This article defends the salience of situating Christ worship in the context of urban neighbourhoods and identifies some historical problems in conceptualising belonging at that level of society, akin to similar work on other levels of society such as the household and polis. An ekklēsia or collegium is, like all neighbourhood structures, capable of fostering or delimiting social interactions among neighbours who identify differently. A case study of 1 Cor 14.22–5 illustrates how Paul's model ekklēsia functioned in the context of the neighbourhood, and considers the impact of adding the ekklēsia to the street on which it was located.


This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of a group counseling program in reducing stress and pessimism among mothers of Jordanian children with cancer. The study sample, which consisted of twenty (20) participants, was divided randomly into two equal groups: an experimental group which received a counseling program based on cognitive behavioral therapy approach, and a control group that did not receive any counseling program. Results of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), for both stress and pessimism scales showed that there were statistically significant pre-post test differences between the experimental group and the control group, where the level of stress and the pessimism among mothers in the experimental group decreased significantly compared to the control group. Further, results of post-and follow-up tests comparisons for each of the dependent variables showed that while levels of stress increased, levels of pessimism decreased, but these differences were not significant. (Keywords: Group counseling program, Parental stress, Pessimism, Jordanian mothers of children with cancer, Care giving children with cancer, Cognitive behavioral theory (CBT)).


Recognition of Acts of Foreign States — Condemnation of Land — Contract with Government for Use of Airfield — Restrictions by Foreign State on Use of Lands Adjacent to Airport.


Methods and results: In total 27 rats including doxorubicin and control groups, baseline and 6 weeks follow up echocardiography were practiced. Relative wall thickness, fractional shortening, and left ventricular ejection fraction significantly decreased and the left ventricular end diastolic/systolic dimension significantly increased in single doxorubicin group and low-dose seapolynol plus doxorubicin group. However, there were no interval changes in high-dose seapolynol plus doxorubicin group. Also, electron microscopic finding showed less impaired myofiber and mitochondria in high-dose seapolynol plus doxorubicin group than in single doxorubicin group (Figure).


Accurate and flexible simulation methods may be used to further a researcher's understanding of how complex resist effects influence the patterning of critical structures. In this work, we attempt to gain insight into the behavior of a state-of-the-art EUV resist through the use of stochastic resist simulation. The statistics of photon and molecule counting are discussed. A discrete, probabilistic ionization and electron scattering simulator for acid generation at EUV is discussed. At EUV, acid generators are hypothesized to be activated by secondary electrons yielded by ionization of the resist upon absorption of photons. Model fit to experimental data of mean CD and LWR for a state-of-the-art EUV resist is shown.


A theory for resonant inelastic X-ray scatterings induced by very strong visible lights in an insulating solid is formulated by using a perturbation method for electron-photon interaction. This theory describes a series of succesive processes; an X-ray absorption from a core state to a wide conduction band, two emissions of a visible photon induced by the laser lights within the conduction band, and a returning X-ray emission back to the core state. The scattering is shown to be enhanced greatly by the core exciton effect. This enhancement results in two peaks in the scattering spectrum, and they correspond to the resonances to this exciton level at the initial state and at the final state of the excited electron. These new results are discussed in connection with the recent experiments on the 2 p -5 d transition of gadolinium ion in gadolinium gallium garnet (Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 ).


OM-120, a transition metal complex from the ruthenium(II) 4,4'-bipyridine series, with cationic ligands, was titrated with Calf Thymus DNA. Initial UV-Vis spectra of the complex established stability over the course of an hour. A change in absorbance was observed with the addition of DNA, indicating some level of interaction. Fluorescence emission data gave insight as to the range of DNA concentrations required to determine binding constants for OM-120 with DNA. A plot of the change in fluorescence intensity (∆F) versus ∆F divided by DNA concentration for the range 7.65 x 10 to 1.19 x 10 M bp (76 to 119 μM) gave a binding constant Kb = 1.0 x 10. 55 SOLAR CELLS AND SILVER NANOWIRE MESHES Aislinn Deely and Dr. Luat Vuong Department of Physics, Queens College-CUNY, Flushing, NY 11367 There are many benefits of using Ag nanowire meshes in organic photovoltaic cells (PVCs): Ag nanowires have low resistivity and high optical transmission (Lim et al., 2012). An Ag nanowire active layer is also more cost efficient compared to traditional indium tin oxide (ITO) PVCs. However, these Ag nanowire active layers are only efficient when they are uniform and smooth, as compared to a rough active layer (Gaynor et al., 2011). Over wavelengths 350-800 nm, ITO cells have a 90% transmission, while PVCs using Ag nanowires have 86% transmission. Therefore, PVCs using Ag nanowire meshes are a decent alternative to expensive ITO cells. Here we are testing the effect of different concentrations of poly-l-lysine and looking at the arrangement of silver nanowires in a potential electrode. 56 Flavivirus
  Protein
  NS4A
  Induced
  ER
  Stress
  and
  its
  effect
  on
  Autophagy Sasha
  Harbajan,
  Golnoush
  Golshan,
  and
  Zahra
  Zakeri Queens
  College
  and
  Graduate
  Center
  of
  the
  City
  University
  of
  New
  York
  11367 Dengue,
  a
  flavivirus
  commonly
  transmitted
  by
  mosquitoes,
  is
  one
  of
  the
  leading
  causes of
  hospitalizations
  in
  children
   in
  subtropical
  regions.
   In
  hepatocytes
  and
  relan
  tubular epithelial
   cells,
   flavivirus
   replication
   depends
   on
   the
   upregulation
   of
   autophagy. Previously,
   we
   have
   shown
   that
   of
   all
   the
   viral
   proteins
   encoded
   by
   Dengue-‐2
   and Modoc
  (a
  murine
  flavivirus)
  genomes,
  Non-‐Structural
  protein
  4A
  (NS4A)
  is
  sufficient
  to induce
  autophagy.
  NS4A,
  a
   transmembrane
  protein,
   translocates
   into
   the
  endoplasmic reticulum
   (ER).
   Several
   studies
   have
   linked
   endoplasmic
   reticulum
   (ER)
   stress,
   or unfolded
   protein
   response
   (UPR)
   with
   autophagy.
   Taken
   together,
   we
   have hypothesized
   that
  Dengue-‐2
   induces
   autophagy
   through
   its
   induction
   of
   ER
   stress
   by insertion
  of
  the
  viral
  protein
  NS4A
  into
  ER.
  To
  this
  end,
  our
  aim
  was
  to
  first
  determine
  if dengue
   infection
   leads
   to
   ER
   stress
   by
   examining
   the
   activation
   of
   unfolded
   protein response
   (UPR)
   related
   genes
   PERK,
   IRE1α,
   ATF6,
   calreticulin,
   and
   XBP1
   splicing
   at translational
  and
  transcriptional
  levels.
  We
  have
  found
  that
  cells
  infected
  with
  Dengue-‐2 induced
  ER
  stress
  due
  to
  the
  expression
  of
  calreticulin.
  Our
  findings
  should
  lead
  to
  new insights
   to
   the
  mechanism
  by
  which
  dengue
  virus
  activates
  autophagy
  and
  allow
  us
  to suppress
  that
  autophagy
  and,
  thus
  viral
  replication. 57 CROSS-LINGUISTIC PRIMING IN SPANISH-ENGLISH BILINGUALS Agustina Carando, Christopher J. Kennedy, Christen Madsen, Jennifer Tosi-Ramirez, Elana Rosen, and Eva M. Fernández Linguistics and Communication Disorders, Queens College, CUNY In the field of language contact, scholars have argued that bilinguals aim towards convergence, or greater structural similarity between the languages. Consequently, when faced with a choice between two alternative patterns in the native language, bilinguals prefer the pattern shared with the contact language. But how do bilinguals choose between alternative patterns in language production when the structures are not shared? This study explores the mechanisms underlying convergence by exploiting the language-processing phenomenon of structural priming. Conceivably, structural priming, as facilitator for the production of shared constructions in bilinguals, could be a catalyst of long-term structural changes in bilinguals' linguistic representations. Structural priming is the tendency to repeat structures just comprehended or produced. Cross-linguistic priming in bilinguals has been shown to be stronger when primes are in the native language and when structures are identical in the two languages. This investigation used structural priming to measure the influence of English over Spanish, in cases where alternations are shared or not shared between the two languages. Specifically, we were interested in whether or not (1) English influences the frequency of Spanish patterns, increasing or decreasing their usage; (2) English contributes to the emergence of a new pattern in Spanish, causing alreadyexisting structures to emerge in new contexts; and (3) English promotes Spanish patterns that would have been less likely to occur language-internally. This poster will report on the results of the study conducted with Spanish-English bilingual students at Queens College. Participants were asked to read sentences in English and describe pictures in Spanish. After a short break, they were asked to read sentences in Spanish and again describe pictures in Spanish. We found that, while priming effects were stronger in the Spanish to Spanish condition, the presence of innovative patterns was higher in the English to Spanish condition. This suggests that structural priming not only promotes the production of shared constructions, but could also motivate the emergence of new patterns in bilingual speech. 58 Development of a Novel Class of Cell Permeable Cysteine Cathepsin Inhibitors Daniel Andre Novoa, Anibal Davalos, Nisar Afzal, Pratik Rathod, Dibyendu Dana, and Sanjai Kumar Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry CUNY Queens College, Flushing, New York 11367 Cysteine cathepsins are a critically important family of enzymes that are involved in a variety of cellular processes. Some of these processes include protein degradation and cellular turnover, bone formation, and immune response. These enzymes use a deprotonated thiol group of an active site cysteine residue to promote the catalytic turnover of their protein substrates. An aberrant regulation of their activities is linked to a variety of human diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, viral infection, osteoporosis, and cancer. The focus of this investigation is to develop novel, cell permeable, potent, and selective inhibitory agents of cysteine cathepsins that could be utilized for their functional dissection in a variety of cellular contexts. A library of small molecules is therefore synthesized in high yield and is characterized by both H and C NMR. The design of this library includes a vinyl sulfonate moiety as a Michael acceptor in the context of a small non-peptidyl molecule. This library of compounds will be evaluated against a panel of recombinant cysteine cathepsin enzymes, and the Structure Activity Relationship (SAR) will then be optimized for enhanced selectivity and potency. 59 Consumer Sensory Acceptability of Gluten-Free Falafel Prepared with Rice Flour and Chickpea Flour Stephen Messana, Dominick Monteverdi, Nimrah Asghar, Antony Hoffmann, Kim O'Mahony, and Sung Eun Choi Department of Family, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Queens College, CUNY Celiac disease is a lifelong inherited autoimmune disorder that affects one in 133 people in the United States. Since following a gluten-free diet is the only form of treatment for celiac patients, demand for various types of gluten-free recipe is growing. The objective of this study was to create a suitable modification for gluten-free falafels for the population affected by celiac disease, substituting allpurpose flour with white rice flour and chickpea flour. Three different variations were prepared using exact measures of the same ingredients with the exception of type and amount of flour used. The falafels made with all-purpose flour were used as the control group, the first modification substituted chickpea flour and the second modification was prepared with white rice flour. Fifty untrained panelist aged 18 and over (29 females, 21 males) volunteered to perform a sensory evaluation on the three variations of falafel using a 9-point hedonic scale based on appearance, taste and overall acceptability. One-way ANOVA, Tukey test, and Pearson correlation analysis were used for the statistical analyses. No significant differences were found in the appearance, taste and overall acceptability among the three falafel variations. Although not statistically significant, the taste of the white rice flour falafel (Mean±SD, 7.0±1.5) was preferred over the regular (6.7±1.4) and chickpea flour (6.4±1.6) falafels. The Pearson correlation result illustrated a very strong relationship (r=.85) between the taste acceptability and overall acceptability. In conclusion, the replacement of chickpea flour and white rice flour in the formulation for a gluten-free falafel was a palatable replacement, suitable for people who suffer from Celiac disease. 60 Changes of Movement Coordination during Learning a Multi-joint Kicking Task Ya Ching Hung, Silky Kataria, Maryam Mudasir, Aurona Qamar Department of Family Nutrition and Exercise Sciences Long-term practice ef


This article presents measurements performed with test infrastructures for digital TV broadcasting (DVB‐SH standard).The objective is to determine the diversity performance of a mobile terminal integrating two orthogonally polarized antennas in various sites. The performance evaluation is based on a narrow band analysis of the propagation channel. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 2145–2148, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25361


The present invention relates to a foldable outside mirror devices in the passenger car, to a foldable outside mirror device to prevent the folded over does not occur according to the angle of the mirror member. The invention out in the side mirror folding apparatus, a mirror position detection means for detecting the position of the mirror and a storage for storing a mirror position detection in the mirror position detector means, and Higo determine the position of the mirror of the mirror and control means for controlling the position, Determine the location of the mirror at the outside-mirror folding and by the mirror member is moved by at least the folding mirrors and save the current position in the storage means does not generate the reference position when placed in a location that may experience the folding the folding action performed, Out after the folding operation is completed, unloading side mirror when unfolding and provides a structure to wonbok the mirror member to the position stored in the storage means.


In this paper, we attempt to generate high resolution profile of flying drone targets. To this purpose, multi-bands radar signals are adopted to carry out inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging of moving drones. After theoretical analysis is performed, experimental results are acquired through field tests. demonstrate that high resolution ISAR imaging provide effective measures to detect and classify the class of multiple target drones.


There are three different generations of plagiclases in the basalt of Okinawa Tr ough: phenocryst, microphenocryst and groundmass plagioclase. The average size o f phenocryst is 100 μm ±, microphenocryst 13 μm± and with groundmass plagioc lase 2μm±. Electron microprobe analysis shows that there are distinctive compo sitional differences between core and edges of the phenocryst, that is, a higher platform in the core and a lower platform in the edges. The An values of the hi gher platform in cores vary from 80 to 90, and for the lower platform in edges t he An values are between 60 and 70, which well agree with the chemical compositi on of microphenocryst. Based on the plagioclase geothermometer, the temperatures of phenocryst core and edge were found to be about 1250℃ and 1050℃, respectiv ely. The temperature of groundmass plagioclase is just about 950℃. We thus cons ider that these characteristic features of plagioclases record the dynamic proce ss of the basaltic magma: the core of phenocryst reflecting the features of magm a source, while the edges of phenocryst and microphenocryst indicating the featu res of the magma chamber, and the groundmass plagioclase recording the eruption process.


An analytical model is suggested which estimates the statistics of delay to drivers who arrive randomly at an uncontrolled junction and wait to cross a major stream. The complexity of the problem does not allow all the details of the real crossing process to be taken into account in the model. Some simplifying assumptions are therefore made in the analysis concerning the probability distribution of the first "gap" encountered by the waiting driver and the independence between certain distributions. Using thorough simulation, the effects of these assumptions on the estimated average delay have been investigated in the case of a cumulative Erlang distribution for the gap acceptance function, an Erlang distribution for the move-up time, and a gamma distribution for the major stream headways. The mean delay estimated by the analytical model was always well within 5 per cent of the value obtained by simulation, and the two values were usually almost equal. These results support the simplifying assumptions of the analytical model and suggest that it gives a satisfactory estimate of delay. For the covering abstract of the symposium see TRIS 452544. (Author/TRRL)


Abstract Background: A modified Appleby procedure for pancreatic body tumors relies upon collateral vessels maintaining blood flow to the proper hepatic artery (PHA) through the pancreaticoduodenal arcade (PDA) off of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Compression of the celiac axis by the median arcuate ligament (MAL) promotes the expansion of collateral vessels without preoperative intervention. Case Presentation: A 51-year-old male with asymptomatic compression of the celiac artery presented with new onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. He underwent imaging that demonstrated a locally advanced pancreatic body tumor that encased the superior mesenteric vein and portal vein confluence and involved the common hepatic artery. He had an adequate response to neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy and underwent an uncomplicated modified Appleby procedure with a margin negative resection. Hepatic blood flow was adequate through the PHA as a result of collateralization of blood flow through the PDA off th...


Objective To study the effect of obesity on the acetabular fractures by comparing the prognosis of fracture patients with different BMI values. Methods 139 patients with acetabular fractures admitted to this hospital from January to December 2014 were included in this study. Patients with BMI value of less than 24 were assigned to the normal group(n=64), those with BMI value of 24~27 were assigned to the overweight group(n=37), while the other with BMI value of more than 27 were assigned to the obesity group(n=38). All the patients underwent the same treatment, and the fracture reduction and functional recovery of the three groups were compared after treatment. Results Anatomical reduction rate was lower in the overweight and obesity group than in the normal group, and was lower in obesity group than in the overweight group;while the rates of satisfactory reduction and unsatisfactory reduction were higher in the overweight and obesity group than in the normal group, and were higher in obesity group than in the overweight group. The excellent and good rate was lower in both the overweight and obesity group than in the normal group which was 89.1%, and was lower in obesity group than in the overweight group which was 36.8% vs 70.3%. All the differences above were statistically significant. Conclusion Fat accumulation in acetabular can lead to a high anatomical difficulty regarding the exposure of fracture sites and its fixation, as well as the surgical procedure, what's more, obesity has an adverse impact on the blood circulation in fractured bones and patients' late rehabilitation training, which is not conducive to their prognosis.


In this paper, we proposed a new audio fingerprint extraction method, based on Philips' music retrieval algorithm, which uses the energy difference of neighboring filter-bank and probabilistic characteristics of music. Since Philips method uses too many filter-banks in limited frequency band, it may cause audio fingerprints to be highly sensitive to additive noises and to have too high correlation between neighboring bands. The proposed method improves robustness to noises by reducing the number of filter-banks while it maintains the discriminative power by representing the energy difference of bands with 2 bits where the quantization levels are determined by probabilistic characteristics. The correlation which exists among 4 different levels in 2 bits is not only utilized in similarity measurement. but also in efficient reduction of searching area. Experiments show that the proposed method is not only more robust to various environmental noises (street, department, car, office, and restaurant), but also takes less time for database search than Philips in the case where music is highly degraded.


The basic theory of automatic meters-reading system and the design idea of data acquisition in automatic meters-reading system are introduced. Not only the Application and compareison of the photoelectric sensor and the hall sensor and the zero exploit magnetic sensor and their measureing circuits apply to the automatic reading meters system are introduced, but also the merits and the shortcoming of them are compared.


Dr. Richard P. Smiraglia has been appointed Professor in the School of Information Studies (SOIS) at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM) and will take up his new position in Fall 2013 teaching and conducting research in information organization.


I t is well known that Arezzo was a leading centre of education in the middle ages. Under Bishops Elempert, Theodald and Immo, the Aretine cathedral school became one of the most important Italian and indeed European centres for musical study and practice, as well as for Christian and classical studies, in the first half of the eleventh century. In the thirteenth century, grammatical, rhetorical and literary studies flourished in Arezzo under the guidance of numerous teachers of grammar, the most notable of whom were Bonfiglio da Arezzo and Mino da Colle. The father of Tuscan vernacular poetry, Guittone d'Arezzo, and the father of Tuscan humanism, Geri d'Arezzo, "were introduced to ancient authors in their grammar school days" in Arezzo. The Studio Aretino, which became one of the leading Italian universities in the thirteenth century, supervised secondary education in thirteenthcentury Arezzo, and after 1255 the collegium doctorum of the university licensed all secondary masters of grammar, dialectic and medicine who wished to teach in Arezzo.' These educational tradi-


The combustion of low-quality coal in thermal power plants presents a number of problems. Such problems as ash wear and erosion of heating surfaces, slagging of the combustion chamber, increased fly ash outputs, and increased maintenance must be dealt with. The effect of coal quality on the economical operation of 300 MW power plants is discussed. Methods for overcoming some of the disadvantages of burning low-quality coal are presented.


In order to implement the functions of fast roadway roaming for the Underground Mine 3D Visual Production Management and Control System(UM3DVPMCS),the Virtual Full Path Roaming Network(VFPRN) used for the trajectory of the camera during roaming was designed.VFPRN was created by introducing virtual edges and virtual nodes into the part roadway midline network.In VFPRN,there is a circle or line edge to connect every two roadways at the intersection.So,the viewpoint can move smoothly at the intersection.Meanwhile,edges attached to the same node are ordered clockwise,so the user can select the forward route easily.The definitions of composition elements and characteristics of VFPRN were described firstly.Then the data structure and record structure of VFPRN were designed by improving traditional adjacency multilist.Particularly,the algorithm of VFPRN from the Parametric Entity-Network Data Model of roadways was established.Finally,the application method of VFPRN in the interactive roadway roaming function and the automatic exploration function was presented.The results show that the roadway roaming function based on VFPRN can effectively meet the roadway inspection demand in the large scale underground mine 3D scene.


Integral projection is a basic method in image analysis.The traditional integral projection algorithm is developed using the pixel representation.In this paper,a fast integral projection algorithm based on the non-symmetry and anti-packing pattern representation model(NAM)is proposed.Image processing using the NAM representation performs more quickly because it permits the execution of operations on image blocks instead of image points.The theoretical and experimental results show that significant improvement is obtained with the algorithm using the NAM representation over the pixel representation along all projection directions.


In the past researches, industrial cluster mainly focused on single or particular industry and less on spatial industrial structure and mutual relations. Industrial cluster could generate three kinds of spillover effects, including knowledge, labor market pooling, and input sharing. In addition, industrial cluster indeed benefits industry development. To fully control the status and characteristics of district industrial cluster can facilitate to improve the competitive ascendancy of district industry. The related researches on industrial spatial cluster were of great significance for setting up industrial policies and promoting district economic development. In this study, an improved model, GeoSOM, that combines DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) and SOM (Self-Organizing Map) was developed for analyzing industrial cluster. Different from former distance-based algorithm for industrial cluster, the proposed GeoSOM model can calculate spatial characteristics between firms based on DBSCAN algorithm and evaluate the similarity between firms based on SOM clustering analysis. The demonstrative data sets, the manufacturers around Taichung County in Taiwan, were analyzed for verifying the practicability of the proposed model. The analyzed results indicate that GeoSOM is suitable for evaluating spatial industrial cluster.


b The tumult surrounding the ABC, CBS and NBC television news divisions during the past decade has raised the specter among critics that the nightly news programs, long considered the networks' prestige service, have been altered by the changing circumstances in which they operate. Among the probable influences has been the political turmoil and domestic unrest in the late 196Os, along with the Nixon White House reaction to news coverage of its activities,' and the aftermath of the Watergate scandal.' The escalation of the nightly news as a network profit center has enhanced its role in network programming strategies.3 With this has come the rise in the importance of network news anchors, a development promulgated by the competitiveness for audiences.' Economic circumstances have apparently affected news policies, through the shortage of corporate cash and policies dictated by challenges to corporate control. Following its fight to prevent takeover by Ted Turner, for instance, CBS laid off a number of employees in its news division in a cost-reduction measure.5 All this has raised the question of whether long-espoused journalistic traditions for network news continue.6


Manrique et al., it remains unclear what the benefits are of the transverse colon. Are there technical advantages regarding anastomosis or length of pedicle? We have concerns about the possible limitations to reach the pelvic floor without torsion or tension. Can you please inform us about the mobilization of the ascending and descending colon that was performed to make a continuity restoration possible? It seems necessary to fully mobilize the hepatic and splenic flexure, which can be demanding. Which pedicle is used for the transverse flap? Do the authors use the marginal artery supplied by the middle colic artery, or is the Drummond artery used? In the literature, an anastomosis near the splenic flexure (Griffiths point) is associated with an increased leakage rate because of ischemia. The mean operating time of 10.2 hours suggests a difficult dissection, compared with the average operating time of under 4 hours for a laparoscopic sigmoid vaginoplasty in our hands, as recently published.4 In the Discussion, disadvantages of using a sigmoid segment for this procedure are mentioned: excessive discharge, mucous stasis, and in some cases malodor. Does this also apply to the transverse colon interposition? One patient had an introitus stenosis, the most common complication in intestinal vaginoplasty, mostly caused by relative ischemia (mean, 5 percent; range, 1 to 6 percent).2 Did the authors take special measures in this series to prevent stenosis by, for example, using an exaggerated interdigitating anastomosis at the perineum? What was the intervention to solve the problem? Another known complication after sigmoid vaginoplasty is diversion neovaginitis.5 Is the chance of developing diversion neovaginitis lower when using the transverse colon? Finally, we believe the study results require some scrutiny. The authors have provided averages of the Female Sexual Function Index, measurements of the neovagina, and the follow-up duration. However, no ranges or standard deviations are provided. Furthermore, little information is given regarding the demographics of the included patients, such as preoperative penile skin length. The conclusions of the article would have been more powerful and valid with the above-mentioned additions. Nevertheless, we appreciate this work and presentation of a novel technique. We look forward to the authors' response to our questions. DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000004753


Abstract : This article addresses the practical considerations facing military authors, with a focus on the process of requesting permission to republish copyrighted works. Part II explores the ethical dimension of intellectual property for military members. It highlights the special obligations imposed on military law practitioners that other civilian authors simply do not face. Part III explores notions of fair use in the creation of scholarly works. It dispels four common myths about the fair use doctrine. Part IV identifies the practical requirements for requesting permission to use copyrighted works. Aside from identifying the steps of the permission process, it provides examples of licensing agreements and a description of consolidated permission services, such as the Copyright Clearance Center. For more complex issues of copyright law, Part V includes references to comprehensive resources.


Sandy sediments and algae from the litoral and sublitoral zone of the coast near Mombasa were sampled. Eighteen species of Kalyptorhynchia were collected, of which four new species of Schizorhynchia are described here, two Cheliplana species, one Baltoplana sp. and one Carcharodorhynchus sp. Cheliplana asica terminalis Brunet 1968 described from the Mediterranean and also recorded from Somalia was found as well. Five out of 13 species of Eukalyptorhynchia were already recorded from Somalia. Polycystis ali Schockaert 1982, P. suhcontorta Schockaert 1982 and Cincturorhynchus karlingi Schockaert 1982 were newly described from the Somalian coast. P. contorta Schockaert & Karling 1975 also known from Norway and the Mediterranean and Gyratrix hermaphroditus Ehrenberg 1831 is an ubiquist. Six new species of Eukalyptorhynchia collected from algae will be described in a later publication. Additional information is given on Alcha evelinae Marcus 1949 and Toia ycia Marcus 1952.


To investigate the pre-harvest browning heart of 'Wonhwang' pear under high temperature stress condition, the ethanol, fruit respiration and ethylene rate, vitamin C, relative conductivity, seed color and sensory tasting were analyzed, as well as N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Fe, Cu, Mn and zinc element content.The result of comprehensive analysis of the indicators, preliminary showed that the pre-harvest browning heart of 'Wonhwang' pear occurred in Zhengzhou and Wuzhi in Henan province was mainly due to physiological senescence.


Several articles have been published^ over the past few years cautioning designers not to rely on insertion loss data for filters derived by the methods of MIL-STD-220A.2 Filters employed in actual applica tions may behave quite differently than in a 50-ohm system. In addition, insertion loss may change as a result of saturation of ferrite elements or devaluation of capacitive elements at high temperature. The ef fects of these nonideal conditions on the performance of a typical pi-section filter pin have been investi gated. The techniques presented here may be used to evaluate other types of filter pins or, possibly, gen eral types of filters. However, particular attention must be paid to distributed parameter impedance or electromagnetic resonance effects which may not be significant in the compact filter pin, but may play a vital role in other filters.


While we know a great deal about the practice of probation and parole and about their place in the correctional process, we know virtually nothing about the kind of professional education that is best suited for probation and parole work and we have little information on the extent to which graduate-level opportunities are available. This article re- examines the tasks of probation and parole officers and relates them to the differing academic programs used by such personnel. Data from a na tional survey are used to demonstrate that probation and parole agencies have not supported Professional staff development. A number of ap proaches to improve graduate study for probation and parole officers, at both the agency and the university level, are described. Implementing these suggestions would help to attain the objectives of effective rehabili tation and higher professional status for community correction.


This article describes Swansea's Sure Start health development scheme, which was implemented in 1999. It begins by providing an overview of the community development work happening in local targeted communities in relation to health. It then reviews the diverse work undertaken by the Sure Start health development team, specifically targeting teenage parents to prevent second unplanned pregnancies, and the work undertaken in schools. The article also describes the service provided for black and minority ethnic communities.


In order to know whether or not the artificial inoculation onto leaf blade can be used as measures of the scab susceptibility, several wheat varieties, which were known for their susceptibility to scab, were subjected to the leaf blade inoculation. The result, however, did not show any reliability of this method. The foliage lesion was similar in the resistant varieties as in the susceptible ones, whenever the scabs were inoculated. In both the resistant and susceptible varieties, the development of the disease was stopped within several days, without further progress of symptoms. The mycelia were found only in the diseased tissues. The result of this experiment may be explained by suggesting that the mycelia invading into leaf tissues by the nutrients from agar are incapable of utilizing the wheat cell sap; for this reason, no difference in the degree of foliage lesion could be seen in spite of the marked difference in the scab susceptibility of wheat varieties. This hypothesis will be supported by the future works.


Calcium channels are composed of a pore-forming subunit, α1, and at least two auxiliary subunits, β- and α2δ-subunits. It is well known that β-subunits regulate most of the properties of the channel. The function of α2δ-subunit is less understood. In this study, the effects of the calcium channel α2δ-subunit on the neuronal α1E voltage-gated calcium channel expressed in Xenopus oocytes was investigated without and with simultaneous coexpression of either the β1b- or the β2a-subunit. Most aspects of α1E function were affected by α2δ. Thus α2δ caused a shift in the current-voltage and conductance-voltage curves toward more positive potentials and accelerated activation, deactivation, and the installation of the inactivation process. In addition, the efficiency with which charge movement is coupled to pore opening assessed by determining ratios of limiting conductance to limiting charge movement was decreased by α2δ by factors that ranged from 1.6 ( P < 0.01) for α1E-channels to 3.0 ( P < 0.005) for α1Eβ1b-channels. These results indicate that α2δ facilitates the expression and the maturation of α1E-channels and converts these channels into molecules responding more rapidly to voltage.


The cattle population of Malawi comprises of about 800 000 animals of which Malawi Zebu type cattle is predominant. Malawi's livestock breeding policy has almost exclusively focused on the dissemination of breeding animals from Government farms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Malawi Zebu cattle based on data from 1099 male calves and 523 female calves kept on four governmental breeding stations. Effects of station, sex, season of calving and year were significant in the model. Mean birth weights ranged from 15.4kg (SE 0.5) to 22.5kg (SE 0.2) in the four herds. Male calves tended to be heavier than female calves by 1.2kg body weight (18.9 vs. 17.7kg; P<0.01). Calves were weaned at an average age of 223 days (SD 30 days) on the four stations. Average weaning weight was 83.9kg (SE 1.1) for male calves and 90.2kg (SE 1.2) for female calves. Male calves were younger at weaning than females. The highest average live body weights at three years of age were observed on one of the stations with 229kg (SD 51kg) and 217kg (SD 27kg) for intact males and females, respectively. Calving interval between first and second parity averaged 15.6 months (SD 4.3) and 23.3 months (SD 0.7) on two stations, respectively. In conclusion the growth potential of the Malawi Zebu was not exploited. It is recommended to review the breeding policy and strategy with a view to establish an open nucleus breeding system enabling farmer participation and to introduce a suitable recording system.


The invention discloses a multiscale level set image segmenting method based on kernel fuzzy clustering. The method includes step 1 adopting a divide marking method to calculate the gray average of small areas; 2 adopting the gray average to initialize a membership matrix, conducting kernel fuzzy clustering to obtain the initial contour of the interested area; 3 designing an edge constraint stop item of the multiscale level set; 4 conducting iteration evolution to segment an image. The method overcomes the shortcoming that over-segmenting is easy to cause for the divide based on edge information, and edge segmenting missing is easy to cause for the C-V model level set method based on area information for the images with unclear edges and poor contrast. The edge information and the area information are effectively blended by adopting the kernel fuzzy clustering method, the multiscale edge constraint stop item is added, the re-initialization is eliminated, the segmenting accuracy is improved, and the real-time performance of the algorithm is ensured.


This paper analyzes the impact of implementation of ad valorem , hybrid and specific excise system periods to tobacco price. The main hypothesis HO i.e. there is no difference impact of implementation of ad valorem , hybrid and specific system period to the price. The research question is to answer what fraction of excise is passed on to consumers in each excise systems period and which one of excise system periods has the greatest negative impact on price, which is important to know, when country makes choice on appropriate excise system policy in order to reform their excise system for tobacco control. Monthly data production from 2005-2010 is explored in order to estimate tax incidence in Indonesia. In this period Indonesia has implemented ad valorem , hybrid and specific excise system consecutively. With brands consumption data in Indonesia, the model analyzes by including burden of excise in each excise system in the model. The estimation result of tax incidence model indicates that during government implement specific excise system, the impact of increasing excise is relative higher to the price.


This thesis examines the socio-cultural context of the Newfoundland Pilgrimage to Ste. Anne de Beaupre, a St. John's-based pilgrimage organization which has made annual visitations to the Quebec shrine for over 25 years. -- Examined are the origins of the group, its structural organization, and development. The major symbols and rituals of the shrine are described, focussing on the Newfoundland group's emic interpretations and ritual participation. -- Pilgrimage activity in the social/secular realm of the shrine utilizes Goffman's (1959) dramaturgical frame. Special emphasis is placed on communication of social-symbolic messages within the group. -- Analysis indicates that gender and age are significant variables, and that the pilgrimage experience has particular appeal for women, especially elderly women. -- Six case studies are provided delineating pilgrims socio-psychological characteristics, motives and pilgrimage experiences. -- Symbolic analysis examines the paradoxical message of the shrine, the sanctification of suffering, examining how the Newfoundland pilgrims interpreted this message. It is revealed that through embracing this sacred message socially alienated individuals achieve self-fulfillment and dignity. -- The socio-cultural context of the shrine is compared to the socio-cultural order of Newfoundland. It is shown that in both spheres oppressed, alienated individuals and groups gain dignity through self-sacrifice.


This chapter examines the right of property, a fundamental right protected under Art. 14 of the Grundgesetz (GG). It first provides an overview of the functions of property and basic problems in the property rights doctrine before discussing the transformation of this doctrine. In particular, it considers the principles established by the Federal Constitutional Court to form the foundation of the doctrine of property rights. These principles are also important in the area of state liability law. The chapter goes on to analyse the Court's jurisprudence regarding the constitutional definition of property and the protected objects of statutes, focussing on cases that address the question of whether trademarks are property, for example, or the doctrine of constitutional protection for an 'established and operating business'. Finally, it tackles the issue of interference with property rights and the constitutional justification of such interferences.


Plant polyphenols are important components of human diet and a number of them arc considered to possess chcmoprocntivc and therapeutic properties against cancer. They are recognized as naturally occurring antioxidants but also act as prooxidants catalyzing DNA degradation in the presence of transition metal ions such as copper. Using human peripheral lymphocytes and Comet assay we have previously confirmed that resveratrol-Cu(ll) is indeed capable of causing DNA degradation in cells. In this paper we show that the polyphenols alone (in the absence of added copper) are also capable of causing DNA breakage in cells. Incubation of lymphocytes with neocuproine inhibited the DNA degradation confirming that Cu(I) is an mtermediate in the DNA cleavage reaction. Further, we have also shown that polyphenols generate oxidative stress in lymphocytes which is inhibited by scavengers of reactive oxygen species and neocuproine. These results are in further support of our hypothesis that anticancer mechanism of plant polyphenols involves mobilization of endogenous copper, possibly chromatin bound copper, and the consequent prooxidant action. © 2005 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Ke\\\ords Plant polyphenols, Comet assay, Endogenous copper, Prooxidant action


In January 2005, a web-based search engine for managers, health professionals and patients went live integrating the 'national' and 'local' information resources of NHS library services across England. However, planning started many months previously.


Control system and method for manipulators. Based on gloves (5) equipped with sensors, which allows an operator (6) control any manipulator (4) with one or more degrees of freedom, coordinating their movement in accordance with the magnitude and direction of force applied by the operator (6), exerted on the manipulator structure (4) or on the cargo handled (406). Said control system comprising at least one glove (5) equipped with sensors, a computer (411), a wireless receiver (412) and a variable frequency (413). Each glove (5) has in its dorsal system fingerprint positioning (2) measuring the flexion and abduction of the five fingers, a system of spatial positioning (7) that measures the position and absolute orientation of the glove (5) and


Purple sweet potato colour (PSPC) was a kind of natural pigment that attracted the general concern in recent years. In this paper, the response surface methodology was employed to optimize the extraction conditions of PSPC. The results showed that the extraction yield of purple colour was 11.6355 mg/g at the optimum extraction conditions of extraction temperature 60°C, extraction time 1 h, the ratio of solid to liquid ratio of 1 : 30, and acidified ethanol solution concentration 80%. Stability experiment showed that Fe3+ and Al3+ could increase the stability of PSPC, but Cu2+, Zn2+, and Pb2+ would decrease the stability of PSPC. Ascorbic acidified could significantly increase the stability of PSPC, and Na2SO3 would reduce the PSPC's stability.


Emergence is, inter alia, a secondary title and a reputable jurisprudential norm used in different areas of jurisprudence and laws. A case considered as an implication emergence is alcohol drinking to eliminate thirst and to treat. There are differences among Imamieh and Sunni jurists on permission or lack of permission for emergence alcohol drinking. Among criminal laws, only article 152 of Islamic law has addressed such emergence. Which jurisprudential attitude toward permission or lack of permission on emergence alcohol drinking enjoy needed strength and can emergence alcohol drinking being criminalized? In present study, by using descriptive – analytical method and a comparative approach, it is initially attempted to reread and analyze Imamieh and Sunni jurists' views on emergence alcohol drinking and then to compare them with Islamic Punishment Code. Ultimately, based on Holy Quran and Narratives' general arguments and considering the fact that emergence is a secondary title, it is concluded that if someone drinks alcohol in emergency, one cannot legally consider any penal punishment for him/her. The indication of this statement, is article 152 of Islamic Punishment Code


et S2: water surface detection using Sentinel-1 and/ or Sentinel-2 data, URBA-OPT: urban footprint mapping, Burnout: burn areas mapping, DSM-OPT: digital surface model ImCLASS: generic Multitemporal monitoring of an ecological restoration area with multispectral imagery at 5 cm/pixel Drone image of Mururoa recife for geomorphological analysis.


Nanoparticles are regarded as promising elemental materials for nanotechnologies for various fields such as the next-generation electronics, biomedicals, energy and environmental industries. From this reason, a method for synthesizing them at high production rate is desired for wide applications of nanoparticles. The authors have developed a method: the combination of pulse modulated induction thermal plasma (PMITP) with time-controlled feedstock feeding (TCFF) method, i.e. the PMITP+TCFF method [1] . We use the PMITP to control the temperature field of thermal plasma by amplitude-modulating the coil current into a rectangular waveform periodically with high power duration and low power duration in a milliseconds cycle. In addition, in TCFF method, feedstock powder is intermittently injected to the PMITP during high power duration, which results in efficient evaporation of feedstock. During low power duration, the evaporated feedstock vapor is cooled down rapidly to make nucleation under supersaturation condition. Thus, the PMITP+TCFF method provides a high production rate of nanoparticles.


Recover the high-resolution image from a single low-resolution image is known as single image super-resolution reconstruction (SISR). SSIR is currently a research hotspot in computer vision. In this paper, we study the feature learning module of the magnification-arbitrary network for Super-Resolution(Meta-SR), and propose an improved method of image feature learning. Its idea is multi-scale residual dense block (MRDB). We integrate it into the existing structure of the Meta-SR network. As a result, the same network has increased the receptive field, and it can obtain more detailed features of the image. This structure can be extended to other existing SISR network models. In the published and standard test set Set14, compared with the interpolation method, the average PSNR value of the algorithm in this paper increases by 3.79dB, 3.01dB and 2.85dB at amplification factors 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Through the analysis of SISR results, it can be obtained that the improved method proposed in this paper has a significant improvement in all indicators, and can more fully extract the image detail features, thereby improving the quality of the reconstructed image.


In this paper, we establish the existence and uniqueness of the strong generalized solution of an initial boundary value problem for a coupled fourth order thermoelastic system with nonlocal constraints, which arise mainly in linear thermoelasticity. The system modelizes a Kirchof plate. Some energy and a priori estimates and density arguments are used in our proofs.


The invention discloses a semipermeable membrane layering integrated bioreactor, which comprises a cavity, a plasma separator and a bioreactor, wherein the plasma separator is arranged on one side of the cavity; the bioreactor is arranged on the other side of the cavity; the plasma separator and the bioreactor are separated through a division semipermeable membrane; multiple layers of filtering semipermeable membranes are arranged in the bioreactor; two adjacent filtering semipermeable membranes and the side wall of the bioreactor form an independent filtering layer space. The semipermeable membrane layering integrated bioreactor has the beneficial effects that the plasma separator and the bioreactor are spliced, or the plasma separator is directly arranged in the bioreactor, so that design is simple and practical; separated plasma enters the bioreactor through a separation pump connection pipe, then penetrates through filtering semipermeable membranes arranged at intervals layer by layer to carry out interchange of material with cells in the filtering layer space, and therefore, the plasma can be kept at even flow velocity all the time so as to be favorable for improving the interexchange efficiency of two types of materials.


BACKGROUND
With the extended lifespan of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) due to the advent of antiretroviral therapy, the disclosure of HIV serostatus to their uninfected children is becoming more critical. However, limited data are available regarding parental HIV disclosure to children in China. We explore patterns of parental HIV disclosure and the reasons for disclosure or non-disclosure to children.

METHODS
A preliminary study was conducted using open-ended questions in Guangxi, China in 2011 with 39 parents living with HIV.

RESULTS
A majority of participants (77%) had not disclosed their HIV serostatus to their children. Participants who voluntarily disclosed tended to be older and were more likely to disclose to their adult children. Among parents who disclosed, reasons included a need for emotional and financial support, as well as feelings of obligation to their children. Among non-disclosing parents, primary reasons included concerns that children were too young to understand, fear of being stigmatized, and fear of increased psychological burden to children.

CONCLUSIONS
Few parents with HIV disclosed their HIV status to their children. These data indicate the need for future research to explore disclosure issues in relation to children's age and the implementation of developmentally appropriate interventions and support systems for parents and children affected by HIV in China.


vigorated view of civic responsibility. Despite the Texas maverick's political naiveté and penchant for miscalculation, his very presence in the campaign reanimated Americans' conception of grassroots democracy. By examining important and previously unex plored distinctions between planned and unplanned incongruity, we probe the means by which Perot invited consideration of alternative political perspectives and offered an appealing glimpse into a dormant, more deeply held democratic ideal.


In this study, the behavior and safety factor of a nailed-soil excavation wall during earthquake is presented. The horizontal displacement, axial force, shear force, and moment of facing of a nailed-soil excavation wall subjected to static and seismic load are analyzed using time history analysis. The safety factor based on the strength reduction technique proposed by Dawson and Roth is used to calculate the safety factor of a nailed-soil excavation wall during earthquake. The safety factor by the proposed method is verified by comparing with those by other methods.


In order to provide scientific basis for interplanting Perilla frutescens in Camellia oleifera, the allelopathy of aqueous extracts from C. oleifera leaf and litter fall on seed germination of P. frutescens were observed with seed germination rate, germination index, and RI as determine indices. Results showed that there was obvious allelopathic inhibition of aqueous extracts from C. oleifera leaf and litter fall on seed germination of P. frutescens, especially for C. oleifera leaf. Therefore,the C. oleifera forest soils make against the seed germination of P. frutescens.


This paper offers a reconstruction of Descartes's theory of the emotions, with special focus on the virtue "generosite" which he proposed as the master virtue to help humans manage and control their desires so that they can achieve the highest level of happiness which transcends the unpredictability and arbitrariness of fate. It first provides an analysis of Descartes's notion of "divine providence," "vain desires," and "regret ;" then proceeds to offer an investigation of "generosite" both as an emotion and as a virtue ; and concludes with an examination of "generosite" as a tool to master and control the emotions.


The invention provides a novel process for producing a coping and bridge of porcelain teeth. The process is characterized by comprising the steps of manufacturing a patient oral cavity plaster model, and manufacturing a blank by adopting a dental powder metallurgic material; performing 3D scanning to the oral cavity plaster model by utilizing a dental scanner to form a model file; processing the model file in a dental CAD (computer-aided design) software environment to form a dental form design file; milling and grinding the blank by adopting a numerical control processing center according to the dental form file to form the coping and bridge of a porcelain tooth; finally, performing high-temperature solid-phase sintering to form a final porcelain tooth. Compared with the prior art, the novel process provided by the invention has the advantages that the working efficiency is improved, the cost is reduced, energy is saved, and the environment is protected.


We report the prenatal imaging findings of a rare case of male cephalothoracopagus janiceps disymmetros diagnosed at 15 weeks' gestation by 2D ultrasound. Cephalothoracopagus janiceps refers to twins with two identical faces, on opposite sides of the large conjoined head, the two faces are identical and symmetrical, this is called cephalothoracopagus janiceps disymmetros The early diagnosis of conjoined twinning with a high probability of mortality is very important and allows the termination of the pregnancybefore 18- 24 weeks. So the mother can be protected from a major surgical procedure.


This chapter presents the development and implementation of an instructional design (ID) for computer networks learning within a three-dimensional (3D) virtual world (VW) that considers characteristics of cognitive style and level of expertise of the student, titled TCN5. For this purpose, a hybrid model of ID was created based on ADDIE and Dick and Carey models. To facilitate the inclusion and management of didactic materials, an educational resources manager called GRECx was developed, which was allocated to the VW through web pages inserted in 3D media objects. The approach was submitted to the evaluation of a sample of students, who pointed out that it allows greater use of didactic materials within the immersive environment, and that GRECx can actually help teachers in the inclusion of resources, avoiding the need to deal with VW settings.


In this study of the development of scientific reasoning, 10 5th-6th-grade children (5 boys and 5 girls) and 10 noncollege adults conducted experiments over 6 half-hour sessions to explore the causal structure of 2 physical science domains. Feedback in these systems, though relevant to discriminating among hypotheses, was noisy as a result of varying effect sizes and measurement error. After 2 hr on each task, both age groups demonstrated changes in their understanding of the content and in their strategies for generating and interpreting evidence. In general, the adults outperformed the children. Neither valid strategies nor correct beliefs alone was sufficient to guarantee success, suggesting that regarding experimentation either as domain-general induction or as domain-specific learning may oversimplify its complexity.


CB1 cannabinoid (CB1) and D2 dopamine (D2) receptors are known to couple to the G protein Gαi/o. It has been reported that concurrent activation of D2 receptors and CB1 receptors, in primary striatal neuronal culture, promotes functional CB1 receptor coupling to Gαs resulting in elevations in intracellular cyclic AMP levels. We now report that in the absence of D2 receptors, acute activation of CB1 receptors inhibits cyclic AMP accumulation, whereas the presence of D2 receptors promotes CB1-stimulated cAMP accumulation, presumably through Gαs. This Gαs subunit switching was not prevented by pertussis toxin treatment and occurred in the presence and absence of D2 receptor activation. Thus, coexpression of the D2 receptor with the CB1 receptor was sufficient to switch the coupling of the CB1 receptors from Gαi/o to Gαs. Persistent activation of D2 receptors resulted in heterologous sensitization of adenylate cyclase to subsequent stimulation by forskolin, whereas the persistent activation of CB1 receptors did not. Additional studies in human embryonic kidney cells cotransfected with D2 and CB1 receptors revealed that persistent activation (18 h) of D2 receptors induced a switch of CB1 receptor coupling from Gαs to Gαi/o. This D2 receptor-induced effect allowed for CB1 receptor-mediated inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation. The present studies suggest D2 receptors may have a significant modulatory role in determining the G protein coupling specificity of CB1 receptors.


Based on the analysis of the principle of industrial ecologization and the real example of Beijing City,this paper,from the aspects of industrial structure adjustment and industrial layout optimization,is preliminarily evaluating the industrial ecologization efficiency of Beijing City in the past five years,and putting forward some effective advice on the realization ways of industrial ecologization of Beijing City,by using Entropy Law to calculate the corresponding data from 2003 to 2007 of Beijing City.


High voltage gain boost converter is usually employed as impedance matching circuit in photovoltaic (PV) systems to allow transfer of maximum power to the loads. On account of converter switching, ripple content in the converter input current results in high power oscillations. This leads to a decrease in power extracted or deterioration in tracking of maximum power point (MPP). In this paper, a high gain energy efficient DC-DC converter (HGDC) is proposed for PV system for extraction of maximum power. The use of the HGDC is envisaged for the PV systems to minimize the ripple content in the PV current to enable extraction of true maximum power. The HGDC operation is explained for different duty cycles. The performance of the HGDC is tested for various insolation levels and its performance characteristics are compared with the conventional boost converter and also with a high-gain converter reported in the literature. The results presented in the paper sufficiently demonstrates superior performance of the HGDC mainly in terms of reduction in PV current ripple, power oscillations and hence operation close to true maximum power point. In addition, the HGDC has higher energy efficiency and also has lower voltage stress on the switching devices used when compared to the other converters.


We investigated the effect of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on the electrical, optical, structural and surface properties of WO3-doped In2O3 (IWO) films for use in organic solar cells (OSCs). Increasing the RTA temperature led to significant decreases in resistivity and sheet resistance due to activation of the W dopants and the (2 2 2) preferred orientation of the IWO films. At the optimized RTA temperature of 500 °C, the IWO film had a sheet resistance of 21 Ω/square and an optical transmittance of 89.39%, which is comparable to conventional ITO electrodes. Due to the high mobility of 46 cm2 V−1 s−1, the IWO film showed a higher optical transmittance in the near infrared wavelength region even though it had a low resistivity of 4.34 × 10−4 Ω cm. Furthermore, the 500 °C annealed IWO film showed very smooth surface morphology due to its (2 2 2) preferred orientation. The performance (fill factor of 61.59%, short circuit current of 8.84 mA cm−2, open circuit voltage of 0.60 V and power conversion efficiency of 3.27%) of the OSC fabricated with the IWO electrode was nearly identical to that of the OSC with a reference ITO anode, indicating that the IWO anode is a promising high-mobility transparent electrode material to replace conventional ITO anodes for high-performance OSCs.


This data set is an LAZ (compressed LAS) format file containing LIDAR point cloud data. Geographic Information System (GIS). Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD) regularly uses digital topographic information to support regulatory, land management and acquisition, planning, engineering and habitat restoration projects. LiDAR data will support hydrologic modeling activities associated with the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and in the creation of Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps (DFIRM).


Weyl semimetals are three-dimensional topological states of matter, in a sense that they host paired monopoles and antimonopoles of Berry curvature in momentum space, leading to the chiral anomaly. The chiral anomaly has long been believed to give a positive magnetoconductivity or negative magnetoresistivity in strong and parallel fields. However, several recent experiments on both Weyl and Dirac topological semimetals show a negative magnetoconductivity in high fields. Here, we study the magnetoconductivity of Weyl and Dirac semimetals in the presence of short-range scattering potentials. In a strong magnetic field applied along the direction that connects two Weyl nodes, we find that the conductivity along the field direction is determined by the Fermi velocity, instead of by the Landau degeneracy. We identify three scenarios in which the high-field magnetoconductivity is negative. Our findings show that the high-field positive magnetoconductivity may not be a compelling signature of the chiral anomaly and will be helpful for interpreting the inconsistency in the recent experiments and earlier theories.


One-loop functions with loop masses larger than external masses and momenta can always be expanded in terms of external masses and momenta. The precision requested for observables determines the number of the expansion terms retained in the evaluation. The evaluation of these expansion terms turns out to be much simpler than the exact evaluation of the corresponding one-loop function. Here we present the program which evaluates those expansion terms.
This Mathematica package provides two subroutines. First one performs analytical evaluation of basic one loop integrals. The second one is used to construct composite functions out of those integrals. Composite functions thus obtained are ready for numerical evaluation with literary no time consumption.


The earthquake situation in the near future of the Southeastern Coastal Seismic Belt is discussed from seismic active episode,seismic active correlativity,time-space-strong characteristic evolvement,etc.We think the fourth mid-strong seismic active episode of the belt ended in 1999.Now,it is in the medium term or upper stage of the fifths quiet episode,the possibility of earthquakes with M6 and M5 crowd together occurring is small in the short time.There is seimic risk that earthquakes about 5 occur in the future 1~2 year.


The plaintiff qualification of administrative litigation in the disclosure of government information takes "the legitimate rights and interests violation"as the logical starting point. As for the publicity of government information on the plaintiff qualifications,whether the government initiated or applied for,it should have the application from citizens,legal persons or other organizations. As for the plaintiff qualification of personal information,they should be directly related to citizens,legal persons or other organizations. Otherwise,the government information disclosure violates the trade secrets and personal privacy.


In this paper, the revenue of connection admission control (CAC) system is studied and the optimal pricing strategy is found by using a UMTS simulator. This UMTS simulator calculates the revenue under two pricing strategy: the flat price, where the user pay the same price independent from the given rate and the service-based price, where the price is function of the rate. From the results we realize that CAC algorithm achieves higher revenue and the flat pricing remains as a feasible solution for implementation.


The Second ERDA Statistical Symposium, sponsored by the Energy Research and Development Administration, was held at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, October 25-27, 1976. This was the second annual symposium designed to promote interlaboratory communications among ERDA statisticians as well as contacts with statisticians from other institutions. The proceedings of the first symposium, held at Los Alamos in November, 1975, have been published by Batelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories (BNWL-1986). Separate abstracts were prepared for seven of the papers in this proceeding, all going in ERDA Energy Research Abstracts (ERA) and two in Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis (EAPA). The remaining four have already been cited in ERA and can be found by referring to CONF-761023-- in the report number index. (RWR)


An apparent response of atmospheric zonal index to the passage past the earth of solar magnetic sector boundaries is detected in the Australia/New Zealand/Southest Pacific region during the period 1957–1978. The apparent response, revealed by the method of superposed epoch analysis, is highly nonrandom, the statistical significance of which is assessed in a number of different ways. All approaches concur in showing that it is extremely unlikely that the apparent response could be produced by a chance mechanism.


Chinese banks have been pushing further commercialization, corporate restructuring and public listing in recent years. The ten largest commercial banks in China have all been listed, among which nine went public in the past decade. This paper conducts an empirical investigation on how public listing affects the performance of Chinese banks. Particularly, we examine the pre-listing restructuring effect and the different effects of public listing locations such as Shanghai and Hong Kong, which have not received much attention in the literature. Our sample covers all the 16 listed banks in China and 17 other unlisted banks over the period of 1997-2008. Using a pooled cross-section regression, we compare three modified models built upon Berger et al. (2005) to consider the following three effects: 1) the static governance effect; 2) the selection effect and 3) the dynamic effect. We found that the public listing effect should be modeled as a dynamic process rather than a sudden structural change at a cut-off point, thus it is important to compare the banks' performance during the pre-listing restructuring period with the after-listing period. Moreover, the public listing in Hong Kong is found to have more positive and persistent effects on banks' performance in terms of both profitability and financial safety than the public listing in Mainland China. We also provide some tentative explanations for such different effects on banks' performance, and discuss the implications to both policy makers and market participants.


Prominent slowdown in near‐surface wind speed (NSWS) has been observed in the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei (BTH) region of China, which has important implications for regional haze mitigation and wind energy production. Other than large‐scale climatic variation, this decline is suspected of being linked to the impact of urbanization. Based on nested high‐resolution simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model, we assessed quantitatively the respective roles of urban development and anthropogenic heat (AH) in regional NSWS change over the BTH region from a climatological perspective. The contribution of urbanization to station average annual NSWS over 1980–2018 was estimated to be approximately −0.37 m s−1, with the largest decline exceeding −1.0 m s−1 in some highly urbanized areas. The effect of urban development on NSWS was found partly offset by the AH effect. Urbanization‐induced NSWS decrease was most remarkable in spring and early in the night. Urbanization impacts on NSWS were more remarkable when regional prevailing winds were northeasterly and northwesterly. Further analysis showed that the simulated urbanization‐induced decreases in NSWS were highly correlated with the background regional NSWS levels. Our simulation results indicated that urbanization was an important but not a dominant cause of the observed regional wind stilling, even in such a rapidly urbanizing region, although it had remarkable influence on local NSWS in highly urbanized areas.


Objective:To verify the effects of different concentration of simvastain on function of os-teoblast bone formation and power of bone-grown up in vitro.Methods:Iliac spongy bone specimens were obtained from twelve adult patients scheduled surgery.After the bone pieces were treated with collagenase-trypsin,osteoblasts were obtained from cancellous bone.Then the osteoblasts were purified and cultivated.Os-teoblasts were cultured in medium with simvastain of various concentrations(1×10 -10 ,1×10 -9 ,1×10 -8 ,1×10 -7 ,1×10 -6 and1×5 -5 mol/L).ALP activity,osterocalcin and power of bone-grow up were examined by biochemical assay and radioimmunologic assay(RIA)respectively.Results:Results showed that all above concentration of simvastain on activity and osteoblasts were positive.Simvastain of lower concentrations(1×10 -10 ,1×10 -9 ,1×10 -8 mol/L)showed the stimulated effect on the power of bone-grown up and that of higher concentration was not.Conclusions:Statins can increase osteoblast ALP activity,osteocalcin production and power of bone-grown up.


The brilliant contributions of workers at the Institut Pasteur have revealed the existence of a specific, genetically controlled t;ransport system that mediates the uptake of lactose in Escherichia coli. Work on this transport systemn. has been t,he subject of numerous reports anid reviews.'.--' We have recently reported evidence that a membrane-bouind protein distinct from 0-galactosidase and thiogalactoside transacetylase (the two previously characterized proteins of the lac system) is an essential compouient of the transport system.6 Unitil the exact function of this proteini is made clear, the nooncommittal. designation memnbrane protein (il protein) seems appropriate. In our working model6 of the 3-galactoside transport system, the All protein is that componenrt in. the membrane that specifically binds certain. galactosides, forming a complex of the M\/tichaelis-lVfenten type. The sugar then passes through the membrane as the 3-galactoside-Al complex. In the presenlce of sources of metabolic energy, the protein is postulated to undergo transformation to a fornm designated Mli having little affinity for the sugar, thus leading to accumulation of the sugar withiii the cell. This working hypothesis is described in greater detail elsewhere.7 The function of the All proteirn in. mediating the transport of substrates such as o-nitrophenyl-0-galactoside (ONPG)8 is destroyed when cells are treated with Nethylmaleimide. However, the protei.n has a high affiniity for thiodigalactoside (TDG) and when the protein is complexed with this sugar, it is protected against N-ethylmaleimide.A These properties are the basis of a specific chemical method for the detectioni of the protein in cell-free fractions of E. coli. In the present publication we wish to report the results of studies oil the genetic control of the .11 protein, which. indicate that the protein is coded by the y genie of the lac operon.I Further evidence that the proteini. is localized in the spheroplast membrane fraction of the cell has also been obtained. A preliminary estimate of the minimum number of functional subunits of .11/ protein per cell has also been made.


A new imaging technique has revealed the dynamics of dopamine signaling in the brain at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution, according to study online May 31 in the journal Science. The technique is likely to rapidly lead to a much deeper understanding of dopamine dynamics during learning, addiction, and disease, according to experts. The same technique is being adapted to imaging other neurotransmitters, and promises to offer a millisecond-by-millisecond and cellby-cell picture of the brain's intricate signaling chemistry. "This technique is groundbreaking," commented Nicolas Tritsch, PhD, assistant professor in the department of neuroscience and physiology at New York University School of Medicine, who was not involved in the study. "It provides for the first time a readout of how much dopamine is actually released at the synapse. The increase in both spatial and temporal resolution is really quite significant, and I suspect the tool will be very useful for many groups."


This paper in collective remembering is based on a telephone survey of 3,419 adult residents of Canada. The questionnaire contains over 70 questions. The interviews average over 20 minutes in length. Part of the Canadians and Their Pasts project, the survey seeks to assess how Canadians use the past in daily life. How many engage in activities related to the past, such as reading books, viewing photos, or visiting museums and historic sites? How do they evaluate different sources of information about the past? What types of past — family, province, nation, ethnic group — are most important to them? The paper suggests that the construction and reconstruction of autobiographical memory is a fundamental aspect of one's uses of the past. It also proposes that wider collective pasts are particularly important among members of minority and alternative groups. And that the past of the nation-state figures more prominently in these citizens' reflections than Roy Rosenzweig and David Thelen observed in their similar study, The Presence of the Past: Popular Uses of History in American Life (1998).


Varying floras of indigenous commensal organisms (including Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica, streptococci, staphylococci, pseudomonads, and coliform bacteria) normally reside in the canine and feline nasal passages, nasopharynx, and upper trachea, and at least intermittently in the lungs, without causing clinical signs. Opportunistic infections by these bacteria may occur when respiratory defense mechanisms are compromised by infection with a primary pathogen (eg, distemper, parainfluenza virus, or canine type 2 adenovirus in dogs, and rhinotracheitis virus or calicivirus in cats), other insults (eg, inhalation of smoke or noxious gases), or diseases such as congestive heart failure and pulmonary neoplasia. Secondary bacterial infections complicate the management of viral respiratory infections of both dogs and cats [1].


ABSTRACT Rural communities worldwide face a decrease of critical ecosystem services caused by replacement of native forests by commercial plantations. Replacement of native forest by commercial plantations decreases water provisioning, with possible negative impacts over well-being. We tested this hypothesis in Central Chile. We assessed subjective well-being (SWB) and local perceptions of changes in forest cover and water provision among 78 rural families. We also assessed if the Shifting Baseline Syndrome (SBS) affects the perceptions of environmental changes and their implications in SWB. Individuals perceived less forest cover than 20 years ago, and this is seen as a factor of decreased livelihood, availability of forest products, and water provisioning for households. People also reported less water available than 20 years ago. The main drivers associated with decreased water provision were the establishment of pine plantations (44% of individuals) and drought (44%). A better-off SWB was associated with perception of lower rate of deforestation. The perceptions of forest degradation and its association to SWB are affected by SBS. Paradoxically, a better-off SWB was also associated with an improvement of water quality, although the quantity and quality of water have decreased according to biophysical data, which ought to decrease the SWB. Impacts of environmental degradation in SWB are masked by factors such as more infrastructure for drinking water, assisted by governments. This masking of environmental degradation reduces the opportunity to avoid negative impacts over well-being among rural communities that are dependent on assistance around the world.


In this paper we study the problem of assessing the effectiveness of a proactive defense-by-detection policy with a network-based moving target defense. We model the network system using a probabilistic attack graph-a graphical security model. Given a network system with a proactive defense strategy an intelligent attacker needs to perform reconnaissance repeatedly to learn about the locations of intrusion detection systems and re- plan optimally to reach the target while avoiding detection. To compute the attacker's strategy for security evaluation we develop a receding-horizon planning algorithm using a risk-sensitive Markov decision process with a time-varying reward function. Finally we implement both defense and attack strategies in a synthetic network and analyze how the frequency of network randomization and the number of detection systems can influence the success rate of the attacker. This study provides insights for designing proactive defense strategies against online and multi-stage attacks by a resourceful attacker.


Despite a distance of 100 years the Great San Francisco Earthquake and Fire still has much to teach the emergency managers of 2006. The response to the 1906 disaster foreshadows many modern emergency management techniques and sounds a cautionary note about areas where work still needs to be done. By comparing the city's response in 1906 with modern emergency plans, this paper examines how San Francisco might deal with a similar event in 2006. While many issues that marred the 1906 response have been resolved and much has been done to build resiliency, San Francisco in 2006 is in many ways still very similar in attitude to the San Francisco of 1906. Further, the recent example of Hurricane Katrina suggests that some of the more critical issues that arose in 1906 have still not been fully resolved.