Each educational institution requires that student tuition payments be made every month. Payment of school fees at SMKN 1 Klaten is done by students themselves, where the recording process is done manually. In addition to manual recording, proof of payment is also stored by pasting receipts on one sheet of opaque paper, which can result in data loss. These constraints can be reduced by establishing a school fee payment system. Before the system is built, a design is needed as a benchmark for what is needed in the system. The data collection technique used in this study was to conduct interviews with mini bank staff and observations in the Bank Mini environment. The system analysis method used is the PIECES method. Meanwhile, to make a prototype using the prototype method, namely by analyzing requirements, designing databases, designing prototypes and system testing carried out by the customer. The results of the customer check are seen from the functionality of the system, namely that the system can make it easier to enter daily transaction data which is automatically stored into a database which is then compiled into a monthly report .


Aim/ Objectives: The aim of this research work is to design and implement a low cost electric bike to use for day to day activities, to analyze the mileage of the bike for every charging per hour. Method: Initially the model of Hbridge driver circuitry is created to drive the BLDC motor in Proteus simulation software. PWM pulses are fed to H-bridge driver circuitry and response of the BLDC motor is studied. The speed control mechanism of BLDC motor driver is studied in simulation. Then the H-bridge converter circuitry is designed and developed to drive the BLDC motor. The assembly of BLDC motor and tyre is selected which act as rear wheel. The system is designed around Arduino microcontroller. Lithium ion battery is used to supply power. Program is developed for Arduino Uno microcontroller to generate PWM pulses which are fed to H-bridge driver. The performance of the BLDC motor driver is analyzed. After precise control of the motor and tyre assembly, the other subsystems like speedometer, indicator, accelerator, horn, braking system etc. are developed and tested. Motor controller and status monitoring controller acts in coordination due to which in any faulty or abnormality situation both interacts with each other to take necessary action. Finally the mechanical assembly and chassis is designed and developed. Findings: The bike developed in this work is found to be useful for day to day domestic uses. The maximum speed of 40km/ hr is achieved and upon charging for nearly 3 hours it travels around 70km.
Keywords: Low cost E-bike; electric vehicle; BLDC motor driver; microcontroller based E-bike


Abstract. In the neutron activation method, gamma ray is used to trigger and activate neutron. In this method, isotropic neutron sources, its generators, and thermal triggers are studied and analyzed. In this paper, a number of computational and analytical methods, including Monte-Carlo simulation method and Maxwell-Boltzmann method, have been used to enable us to perform large-sample prompt gamma neutron-activation analysis (LS-PGNAA) and to use this large-sample in simulation and laboratory samples.


An evolutionary strategy (ES) algorithm was utilized to evolve a simulated neural network based on the known anatomy of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), to perform a visually guided reaching task. In this task, a target remained visible for the duration of a trial, and an agent's goal was to move its hand to the target as rapidly as possible and remain for the duration of that trial. The ES was used to tune the strength of 15609 connections between neural areas and 4 parameters governing the neural dynamics. The model had sensory latencies replicating those found in recording studies with monkeys. The ES ran 100 times and generated very diverse networks that could all perform the task well. The evolved networks 1) showed velocity profiles consistent with biological movements, and 2) found solutions that reflect short-range excitation and long-range, contralateral inhibition similar to neurobiological networks. These results provide theoretical evidence for the important parameters and projections governing sensorimotor transformations in neural systems.


In Old Indo-Aryan an adjective bhūri- is well attested, meaning much, many, abundant, frequent important. It has its perfect match in Avestan. But it shows a morphological structure that is unexpected for a primary adjective, vis-a-vis the primary comparative and superlative. The radical accentuation and the suffix would fit better for a substantive. The thorough study of the usages of bhūri- in the Rgvedic hymns, as well as of the corresponding Avestan word, shows that the substantival use is in fact well established, beside the adjectival and adverbial use. The forms that are best documented are neuter, and can be translated in several occurrences as abundance, plenty. Lithuanian and Latvian have an akin substantive of comparable form and meaning. The paper tries to explain how this noun was shifted to the category of adjectives, by way of processes that are well documented in Vedic syntax, to wit the partitive apposition of a substantive referring to quantity, and the predicative use of a substantive in the instrumental case. From the morphological point of view, the transfer was made possible by the identity of the singular and plural forms of neuters, resulting from the loss of a final laryngeal before a pause and before vowel. The inherited situation has left several traces in the Vedic formulas.


Many vaccines are often administered in multiple doses to boost their effectiveness. In the case of childhood vaccines, the coverage maps of the doses and the differences between these often constitute an evidence base to guide investments in improving access to vaccination services and health system performance in low and middle‐income countries. A major problem often encountered when mapping the coverage of multi‐dose vaccines is the need to ensure that the coverage maps decrease monotonically with successive doses. That is, for doses i$$ i $$ and j$$ j $$ , i


Half axle gears is produced by precision forging popularly because of the advantages in minimum machining allowances, lower material consumption and good service properties. But the forming quality of precision forging is difficult to control. Many simulations and analysis of precision forging process were taken by previous researchers. But no concrete method is proposed to evaluate and optimize the forming quality of half axel gears. The primary purpose of this work is improving the forming quality of half axel gears by analyzing and optimizing the affected factors of forming quality. The enclosed-die warm forging process of half axle gears was developed, and a new type of die-set used on double action hydraulic press was brought forward. The main influential factors of precision forming quality were analyzed after the forming process had been simulated by using finite element method(FEM). These factors include die structure, web thickness and web position. A method used to evaluate the forming quality was established, which investigated the maximal forming load, the metal filling rate and the material damage factor. The FEM simulations of half axle gears precision forging were evaluated by this method. The results show that the best forming quality can be achieved when the punches were added with bosses, the web located at the middle plant of the gear, and the web thickness was 30 percent of the inner hole diameter. Verification experiments taking the above optimized parameters were performed on a 7.8 MN double action hydraulic press. The trial products were formed well. And their geometric precision meets the demand. The verification result shows that the optimization of the influential factors, according to the simulations and the evaluation method, can improve the forming quality. The new structure of precision forging die-set and the new evaluation method guarantee a high forming quality of half axel gears.


The optimal location of DFIG improves the small signal stability of wind integrated power system. Also when parameters of PSS are optimized, it helps to improve the small signal stability. In this paper along with optimal placement of DFIG, PSS parameters are optimized which further improves the small signal stability of the power system. The enhancement in small signal stability with optimal location and optimized parameters is shown in this paper using Eigen value analysis. For locating the wind farm in a multi machine system at its optimal position, an Eigen value index (EI) is used. The Eigen value objective function is used for obtaining optimal parameters of PSS. Analysis of the integrated optimization of DFIG location and PSS parameters shows a more effective small signal stabilization in the power system. The placement of DFIG unit at different bus locations reflects in variation of damping factor and movement of the Eigen values. The simulation of a two-area network with four machines, shows that the placement of DFIG unit at bus 4 with optimal PSS parameters resulted into a shift of -0.4 in the real component compared to the previous stabilizing methods. The index (I ss ) in terms of damping factor which is a measure of stability, is observed to be improved by 5%when the load is varied by 10%, as compared to the previous individual PSI and WOA methods. Thus the dual optimization, with the use of PSIs for optimal location of DFIG and WOA algorithm for optimal parameters of PSS, used here has proved to be a novel method of improving small signal stability.


Circa 1896-1906 Richville, North Dakota homestead wood-frame house with gaggle of geese and unidentified Buck family members. Probably Ludwig Buck, Sr. (born 1858 in Friedenstal, Bessarabia) with wife Christina Neumann and their two daughters and son. Photographer is J. J. Hochhalter, Streeter, North Dakota. Photo courtesy of Ludwig (Lewis) Jr. and Christina Graf Buck Collection.


Background: The role of the N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain of the E3 ligase parkin is not fully understood. Results: Parkin is recruited to the 26 S proteasome through the interaction of its ubiquitin-like domain with the intrinsic proteasomal ubiquitin receptor Rpn13. Conclusion: Parkin turnover and E3 ligase activity can be regulated by its recruitment to the 26 S proteasome via Rpn13. Significance: Parkin-Rpn13 interaction might be exploited as a potential therapeutic strategy. Mutations in the Park2 gene, encoding the RING-HECT hybrid E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin, are responsible for a common familial form of Parkinson disease. By mono- and polyubiquitinating target proteins, parkin regulates various cellular processes, including degradation of proteins within the 26 S proteasome, a large multimeric degradation machine. In our attempt to further elucidate the function of parkin, we have identified the proteasomal ubiquitin receptor Rpn13/ADRM1 as a parkin-interacting protein. We show that the N-terminal ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain of parkin binds directly to the pleckstrin-like receptor for ubiquitin (Pru) domain within Rpn13. Using mutational analysis and NMR, we find that Pru binding involves the hydrophobic patch surrounding Ile-44 in the parkin Ubl, a region that is highly conserved between ubiquitin and Ubl domains. However, compared with ubiquitin, the parkin Ubl exhibits greater than 10-fold higher affinity for the Pru domain. Moreover, knockdown of Rpn13 in cells increases parkin levels and abrogates parkin recruitment to the 26 S proteasome, establishing Rpn13 as the major proteasomal receptor for parkin. In contrast, silencing Rpn13 did not impair parkin recruitment to mitochondria or parkin-mediated mitophagy upon carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone-induced mitochondrial depolarization. However, it did delay the clearance of mitochondrial proteins (TIM23, TIM44, and TOM20) and enhance parkin autoubiquitination. Taken together, these findings implicate Rpn13 in linking parkin to the 26 S proteasome and regulating the clearance of mitochondrial proteins during mitophagy.


Person re-identification (re-id) aims to retrieve images of same identities across different camera views. Resolution mismatch occurs due to varying distances between person of interest and cameras, this significantly degrades the performance of re-id in real world scenarios. Most of the existing approaches resolve the re-id task as low resolution problem in which a low resolution query image is searched in a high resolution images gallery. Several approaches apply image super resolution techniques to produce high resolution images but ignore the multiple resolutions of gallery images which is a better realistic scenario. In this paper, we introduce channel correlations to improve the learning of features from the degraded data. In addition, to overcome the problem of multiple resolutions we propose a Resolution based Feature Distillation (RFD) approach. Such an approach learns resolution invariant features by filtering the resolution related features from the final feature vectors that are used to compute the distance matrix. We tested the proposed approach on two synthetically created datasets and on one original multi resolution dataset with real degradation. Our approach improves the performance when multiple resolutions occur in the gallery and have comparable results in case of single resolution (low resolution re-id).


In this paper we propose a technique for extracting vein regions from infrared hand images; this technique analyzes the geometry of the hand to get the vein patterns for being used in recognition. Commonly, the vein points ex- tracted are used as geometric representation of the vein patterns which are matched with the representation of the images in a database. This paper also presents a preprocessing technique to obtain the Region of Interest (ROI) from low contrast images.


This manuscript proposes a long-term (1981-2005) AVHRR land surface temperature (LST) dataset that includes outcomes at both daytime and nighttime. The algorithm is the generalized split-window (GSW) algorithm while in the production, this dataset also considered annual land cover change. Overall, the accuracy of the proposed dataset is promising, and it filled the gaps regarding long-term global LST datasets, especially at nighttime. Therefore, I would recommend it be published on ESSD after a major revision.


We have measured in superconducting niobium filaments the delay time <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $\text{t}_{d}$</tex-math></inline-formula> that separates the initiation of a pulse of overcritical current <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(\text{I} > \text{I}_{c})$</tex-math></inline-formula> from its first resistive response. The experiments were performed at various temperatures, typically 4, 5, and 6 K, well below the critical temperature T<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{c}$</tex-math></inline-formula>, for delays in the range 0.3 ns <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$<$</tex-math></inline-formula> t<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{d}$</tex-math></inline-formula> <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$<$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 80 ns, divided into two parts for technical reasons. The data t<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{d}$</tex-math></inline-formula>(T/T<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, I/I<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{c}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) were analyzed through a time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau theory leaving the gap relaxation time <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\tau _{d}$</tex-math></inline-formula> as an unknown parameter. In a restricted range of current amplitudes (I/I<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{c}$</tex-math></inline-formula> <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$<$</tex-math></inline-formula> 1.15), a fit is obtained by choosing <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\tau _{d}$</tex-math></inline-formula> between 1.65 and 1.75 ns, which we interpret as a film cooling time of 23 ps per nm thickness, almost independently of the temperature.


Context. The detection of chromospheric activity cycles in solar-analogue and twin stars can be used to place the solar cycle in a wider context. However, relatively few of these stars with activity cycles have been detected. It is well known that the cores of the Ca II H&K lines are modulated by stellar activity. The behaviour of the Balmer and other optical lines with stellar activity is not yet completely understood.
Aims. We search for variations in the Ca II H&K, Balmer, and Fe II lines modulated by stellar activity. In particular, we apply a novel strategy to detect possible shape variations in the Hα line.
Methods. We analysed activity signatures in HD 38858 using HARPS and CASLEO spectra obtained between 2003 and 2017. We calculated the Mount Wilson index (SMW), log(R′HK), and the statistical moments of the Ca II H&K, Balmer, and other optical lines. We searched for periodicities using the generalized Lomb-Scargle periodogram.
Results. We detect a long-term activity cycle of 10.8 yr in Ca II H&K and Hα in the solar-analogue star HD 38858. In contrast, this cycle is marginally detected in the Fe II lines. We also detect a noticeable variation in radial velocity that seems to be produced by stellar activity.
Conclusions. HD 38858 is the second solar-analogue star where we find a clear activity cycle that is replicated in the Balmer lines. Spectral indexes based on the shape of Hα line seem to be more reliable than the fluxes in the same line for detecting activity variations. The cyclic modulation we detected gives place to a variation in radial velocity that previously has been associated with a super-Earth planet. Finally, due to the similarity of HD 38858 with the Sun, we recommend to continue monitoring this star.


The invention provides an anti-counterfeiting tracking system using a chip to identify articles, belonging to the technical field of anti-counterfeiting tracking. The system comprises a chip, a cell phone, a printing label, a center database server and an article information database server, wherein the chip is fixed on the surface of each object and the printing label comprises a two-dimensional bar code and a common digital anti-counterfeiting code; the digital anti-counterfeiting code, the two-dimensional bar code and corresponding chip identification information are generated by the article information database server, are printed on the surface of the printing label in the manufacturing process and are written into the chip at the same time; a client user can adopt the cell phone to read and write the chip and the printing label through a common interface module and compare the relative information with the information of the center database server through Internet to assure the identity and the manufacturing information of the articles. According to the anti-counterfeiting tracking system provided by the invention, the problems that the traditional anti-counterfeiting tracking technology is not convenient for the user to use, is high in cost and the like are solved; the anti-counterfeiting tracking system has the advantage of physical uniqueness and also has the advantages of high confidentiality, strong tracking performance, good anti-pollution performance, convenience for user to use and the like.


The present study has as main objective the determination of uniaxial dynamic module, allowing obtaining viscoelastic properties able to simulate a more realistic condition that occurs in pavements, under the traffic demand. This is an original research, with the participation of the sintered calcined clay aggregate (SCCA) in asphalt mix, in order to promote feasible option for paving urban roads in the city of Manaus. We used also the following materials: river bed pebbles, substitute, given the lack of regional stone material (reference), two natural sands, plus artificial sand from the crushing plant calcined clay and asphalt cement 50/70 sold in the state of Amazonas. For mineral composition of the mixtures, we used the Bailey method, to emphasize the interlocking of their stony skeleton in order to ensure greater resistance to permanent deformation, primary pathology presented by local pavements. The results revealed that, at high temperatures and low frequencies, mixtures with SCCA were more rigid than those mixed with pebble, indicating less susceptibility to permanent deformation, while at low temperatures and at high frequencies, the process is reversed and composites with added alluvial began to expose dynamic modulus values higher than those of mixtures with alternative material. The mechanical evaluation by means of the Lottman assay, showed that both composites (with pebble and SCCA) techniques, although with slight loss of resistance, preserved their structures, due to the effect of moisture induced. The insertion of artificial sand in asphalt mix, beyond satisfactory on the mechanical performance, minimizes natural resource extraction.


Spectroscopic‐ellipsometry (SE) and thermoreflectance (TR) spectra of bulk single‐crystalline Si are measured. Measurements are made on the same sample in the 2.5–6.0 eV range at room temperature. These data are analyzed on the basis of a simplified model of interband transitions, named the model dielectric function. Results are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data over the entire range of photon energies. The finding definitely links the temperature‐induced change in the dielectric function (TR) to the first derivative of the dielectric function (SE).


Several necessary and sufficient conditions for fac- torability of positive operator-valued functions on a Banach space are given. These characterizations involve the analysis of quasi square root and their corresponding invariant subspaces. The work extends to the Banach space a recent theorem of Yu. A. Rozanov and a certain earlier result of R. Payen. It also reveals the connection between their works on the factorization problem. 1. Introduction. The problem of factoring nonnegative opera tor-valued functions on a Banach space plays an important role in the study of Banach space valued stationary stochastic processes (l). In (4) we were able to extend to the Banach space case the work of R. G. Douglas (2) on factoring nonnegative operator-valued functions. However these results provide only sufficient conditions for the factorization problem. Our purpose here is to establish some necessary and sufficient conditions for factorability of non- negative operator-valued functions on a Banach space. This extends to the Banach space the recent work of Yu. A. Rozanov (6) and a certain earlier result of R. Payen (5) on necessary and sufficient conditions for the fac- torization problem. It also reveals the close connection which exists between these characterizations. When / is a positive operator-valued function on a Hubert space, \Jf, the square root of / whose existence is known, plays a significant role. But when / is a positive operator-valued function on a Banach space IX, the existence of a square root in the ordinary way does not make sense. Never- theless, we have recently proved (4) the existence of a measurable operator- valued function Q on % into some auxiliary Hubert space which behaves _


The story of the formation of Hayes' new quartet in 1966, his reaction to "free jazz" musicians including Ornette Coleman, the recording of the album "100% Proof" and his collapse and hospitalisation during the autumn of 1966.


Objective To investigate the value of peripheral artery embolism method used in to partial splenic artery embolization(PSE).Methods The 30 cases of hepatic cirrhosis with hypersplenism patients received following therapy: PVA-500 granule through spleen and splenic artery transcatheter was slowly injected;the PVA dispersion distribution in edge of the spleen,embolization in the area around 40%,embolism observation on postoperative complications,hematologic recovery and maintenance were taken.Results Of 24 cases with varying degrees of fever(low,4 cases;14 cases of moderate fever;hyperthermia,6 case);19 cases were of abdominal pain on the left side,4 of inspiratory chest pain left,6 cases of ascites,6 cases of repeated hiccups;Compared with preoperative liver function transient damage was in 17 cases;later 1 week after operation white blood cells from the preoperative(2.58±0.36) rose ×109/L(11.09±1.31)×109/L,the preoperative platelet from(47.08±6.60)×109/L rose(91.41 ±16.99) ×109/L,red blood cells from preoperative(3.01 ±0.75) ×1012/L rose(3.53 ±0.68) ×1012/L.Three monthes after operation 21 patient's blood picture became normal.When blood picture fell to the preoperative level embolization was recommended again.Conclusion Peripheral artery embolization used in the treatment of splenic function is of light reaction,satisfaction,thus using this method to perform partial splenic embolization could be used in hypersplenism patients.


This study replicates substantial portions of a study entitled "Criteria Used by Venture Capitalists to Evaluate New Ventures Proposals" by MacMillan, Siegal, and SubbaNarasimha. Results were similar to the earlier work. The differences observed can be attributed to history effects caused by the passage of six years between the studies. Venture capitalists have become more concerned over market acceptance and less demanding of high potential rates of return and quick exit. These changes represent a more realistic view of venture potential.


We propose the multilayer recording of shift-multiplexed holograms with a coaxial transmission-type configuration, which can effectively utilize the recording medium in the thickness direction. In this method, two shift-multiplexing layers are formed in a single recording layer, in which the focal point of the Fourier transform lens lies in two interfaces between the recording material and the substrates. We confirmed experimentally that this dual-focusing method improved the error rate of the data by one order of magnitude. Furthermore, four-layer recording in a double-layered medium was successfully demonstrated, which enabled the areal data density to increase by a factor of four.


The Healthcare Fix: Universal Insurance for All Americans Laurence J. Kotlikoff Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2007, 96 pp. This book is about how and why a severe economic and financial crisis may well unfold in the United States within the next few years. The main reason: politicians have been increasingly profligate with the public purse--expanding government entitlement and nonentitlement spending, seemingly without regard for future economic consequences. The main focus of the book is on the runaway costs in the health care sector--the main threat to future fiscal solvency and economic security. The book draws a clear contrast between the conventional view that higher health care spending properly reflects our collective preference to allocate more of our money to health care for retirees--versus the alternative--according to which today's decisions to increase pay-as-you-go retiree health expenditures expropriates resources from future generations. The author has convincingly argued, here and elsewhere, that the intergenerational redistributive effects of current fiscal decisions--which may well bankrupt the nation--are underemphasized in public policy debates and ignored by lawmakers motivated more by their desires for reelection than by their duty as stewards of the nation's economic future. The Healthcare Fix identifies three problems plaguing the U.S. medical care system: Many millions of uninsured people, escalating federal and state health care entitlement costs for Medicare and Medicaid, and increasing costs of employer-provided and privately purchased health insurance. The book's goal is to show how scrapping the current system and adopting a new Medical Security System (MSS)---could resolve all three problems--without raising taxes, to boot. The main problem concerns accommodating the projected rapid growth in the health care sector's output share at a time when GDP growth is projected to slow because of slower labor force growth from baby-boomers retirements. The book describes its proposal as "radical but simple." It is, indeed, radical because it eliminates major government health care subsidies: Medicare, Medicaid, and employer tax deductions for health insurance expenses. But it is by no means simple because it envisions an even larger government role in determining the allocation of public health care dollars by adopting a universal health insurance system. A significant expansion of government intervention is justified by claiming that paternalisms runs deep in American society--even among those that overtly profess to be anti-government. That justifies government determination of minimum provision of basic goods such as food, shelter, children's education, health care, and so on. In regard to health care, Kotlikoff claims that market failure from adverse selection in health insurance is so severe that adopting a universal health care insurance system is the only solution. In theory, adverse selection arises because those in good health and with low risk of health problems choose not to purchase health insurance because premiums based on average health risks do not adequately reflect their relatively better health. The resulting higher insurance premiums may induce low-income individuals to also drop out of the health insurance market. In the United States, only about one-half of the 47 million non-insured individuals are low income or jobless persons, whose health tends to be worse than average. Moreover, several millions are illegal immigrants, so underinsurance among legal residents is smaller still. Even among children, the data suggest alternative federal and state sources of insurance for partial years, which imply a lesser degree of non-insurance compared to official estimates based on the absence of insurance during the full calendar year. Many who are counted as uninsured are eligible for Medicaid but are not enrolled in the program. …


Pawra tribe of Satpuda mountain ranges that belong to Maharashtra region, India, is known to use tubers of Eulophia ochreata for rejuvenating and aphrodisiac properties and also for curing rheumatism. For systematic scientific validation of folk claims of E. ochreata tubers, we report here the collection, extraction, isolation and spectral characterization of molecules and also its evaluation for free radical scavenging activity. Isolation of molecules was carried out on activity-guided fractionation in 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. This is the first report of isolation of 9,10-Dihydro 2,5-Dimethoxyphenanthrene-1,7-diol and 5,7-Dimethoxyphenanthrene- 2,6-diol from this orchid. Key words: Antioxidant activity; DPPH; Eulophia ochreata; tubers; 9,10-Dihydro-2,5-Dimethoxyphenanthrene-1,7-diol; 5,7-Dimethoxyphenanthrene-2,6-diol; phenanthrenes


The ranges and mean values for several blood parameters of adult specimens of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix were determined in order to establish a standard haematological profile for future investigations. Several significant correlations were established, the most important being between haematocrit, haemoglobin and erythrocyte counts. The data are discussed in relation to the general biology of this species.


A detailed examination of binary search trees reveals that the probability of making precisely i comparisons in placing the (n—l)th item in the tree is related to the (n—i)th symmetric function of the integers 1, . . . , n. A recurrence relation for the moments of this distribution of comparisons is derived, and formulas for the mean number of comparisons and its variance are displayed. These are shown to be in accord with previously published values.


This paper introduces design and implementation of spatial data engine in the GeoDB system , and presents a conception of seamless integration of multisource spatial data spatial data , which realizes the direct access of multisource spatial data with a virtual spatial data engine.


The authors present a temperature control system based on a MEMS heater.The MEMS heater has the advantages of high heating efficiency(7.35 mm2K/mW) and low power consumption.Besides,it has a high degree of system integration(6 mm×6 mm).Fuzzy-PID control method that takes fuzzy adjustment to the PID parameters is used.The temperature control system achieves a high control accuracy of less than 0.1℃ and a quick response time of about 10 s.With a MEMS pressure sensor,this system greatly suppresses the temperature drift.


This paper examines the latest of paradigms - the Virtual Networked Organisation - and whether geographically dispersed knowledge workers can virtually collaborate for a project under no central planning.


This paper proposes hierarchical redundancy configurations for defect tolerance of large-area monolithic LSIs (wafer-scale integrated circuits or WSIs) with array structures. It also specifies how much the integration scales can be increased by expanding hierarchical levels, based on four kinds of one-dimensional/two-dimensional array-connection models. Hierarchical redundancy helps to extend the defect tolerance coverage to additional replacement circuits while maintaining a high level of spare effectiveness. An estimate based on the evaluation of nonredundant additional replacement-circuit scales indicates that four-level hierarchical redundancy configurations can increase integration scales by a factor of 64 to 1024 compared to nonredundant LSIs.


Rejuvenation of the aging midface is a recent focus area for cosmetic surgeons. In the past, the infraorbital region was rejuvenated using fat injections or synthetic implants. Although these methods are still used successfully by many surgeons, recent surgical trends emphasize elevation of the malar and infraorbital fat pads with minimal surgical incisions. The primary surgical approaches for midface rejuvenation include "composite" rhytidectomy, tri-plane rhytidectomy, subperiosteal suborbicularis oculi fat lift, endoscopic approaches, buccal fat pad repositioning, and arcus marginalis release with orbital fat preservation.


We combine molecular simulations and ab initio calculations to investigate the permeation and separation of CO2/N2 in polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) with different functional groups (cyano, trifluoromethyl, phenylsulfone, and carboxyl). A robust equilibration protocol is proposed to construct model membranes with predicted densities very close to experimental data. The fractional free volumes (FFVs) in PIM-1 (with cyano), TFMPS-PIM (with both trifluoromethyl and phenylsulfone), and CX-PIM (with carboxyl) are 45.2%, 42.1%, and 38.7%, respectively. Hydrogen bonding is observed to form among carboxyl groups and contributes to the lowest FFV in CX-PIM. From wide-angle X-ray diffractions, the estimated d-spacing distances agree well with available experimental results, and the chain-to-chain distance in CX-PIM is the shortest among the three membranes. Ab initio calculations reveal that the interaction energies between the functional groups and CO2 decrease as carboxyl > phenylsulfone > cyano > tri...


Most of the commonly used biomass size reduction devices use rotary action. An
alternative mode of size reduction is by linear action of cutting element directly on the biomass
material. A linear action knife grid model device was developed to as a prototype to solve issues
related to scale-up and determine cutting characteristics of selected biomass materials. Major
components of the prototype were ram, feed block, knife grid, knife holder block, product block, and
bottom tray. Tool steel hardened knifes were arranged in a square grid pattern and their spacing was
adjustable. The whole assembly were mounted and tested on a universal testing machine. Dry corn
stalks and switchgrass were selected as the test materials. Cutting experiments were conducted at
various grid spacing, fill depths, and refill runs. The output variables measured were maximum force,
peak stress, energy, material mat thickness, and mass of products after each refill runs. New surface
generated by the cuts will be evaluated theoretically using the circle packing theory. Ultimate cutting
stress and net energy requirements increased with increasing fill depth and decreasing knife grid
spacing. A final product size of 50 mm required 1.69±0.81 kWh/t for corn stalks and 0.49±0.04 for
switchgrass, while a product size of 101 mm required 0.48±0.08 kWh/t for corn stalks and 0.14±0.02
kWh/t for switchgrass. Mean values of specific energy based on new surface generated were
estimated as 83.78±24.5 and 63.34±12.3 kN/m for corn stalks and 21.50±1.9 and 15.53±1.7 kN/m for
switchgrass for product size of 50 and 101 mm, respectively. Corn stalks required 3.3 to 3.4, and 3.9
to 4.1 times higher cutting energy than switchgrass based on mass and new surface area generated
energy basis, respectively. Scaling up is highly feasible for large product sizes because the
determined specific energy values are small; and they are well below the reported values.

http://biomassprocessing.org/publications/2-papers_presented/asabe paper no. 066170_knifegridapplication_igthi.pdf


PURPOSE: A fence for hydroponic-culturing without a separate device is provided to enable users to grown gardening crops by applying water to flowerpots mounted on the fence. CONSTITUTION: A fence for hydroponic-culturing comprises the following: a main pillar(10) with an opening on the upper side and a rainwater storage space on the inside; a connection rod(20) including plural flowerpot storing and mounting holes(21), with one side connected to one surface of the main pillar; first and second moisture absorption members absorbing rainwater by being stored inside the pillar and by being installed in the connection rod, respectively; a moisture absorption unit with one end stored inside the first moisture absorption member, and the other end extended toward the second moisture absorption member for supplying the rain water into the main pillar to the connection rod; and at least one mesh net installed on the upper side of the main pillar.


A computer program automatically generates plans for a group of robotic vehicles (rovers) engaged in geological exploration of terrain. The program rapidly generates multiple command sequences that can be executed simultaneously by the rovers. Starting from a set of high-level goals, the program creates a sequence of commands for each rover while respecting hardware constraints and limitations on resources of each rover and of hardware (e.g., a radio communication terminal) shared by all the rovers. First, a separate model of each rover is loaded into a centralized planning subprogram. The centralized planning software uses the models of the rovers plus an iterative repair algorithm to resolve conflicts posed by demands for resources and by constraints associated with the all the rovers and the shared hardware. During repair, heuristics are used to make planning decisions that will result in solutions that will be better and will be found faster than would otherwise be possible. In particular, techniques from prior solutions of the multiple-traveling- salesmen problem are used as heuristics to generate plans in which the paths taken by the rovers to assigned scientific targets are shorter than they would otherwise be.


Kidneys develop via iterative branching of the ureteric epithelial tree and subsequent nephrogenesis at the branch points. Nephrons form in the cap mesenchyme as the metanephric mesenchyme (MM) condenses around the epithelial ureteric buds (UBs). Previous work demonstrated that FGF8 is important for the survival of nephron progenitor cells (NPCs), and early deletion of Fgf8 leads to the cessation of nephron formation, which results in post-natal lethality. We now reveal a novel function of FGF8. By combining transgenic mouse models, quantitative imaging assays, and data-driven computational modelling, we show that FGF8 has a strong chemokinetic effect and that this chemokinetic effect is important for the condensation of NPCs to the UB. The computational model shows that the motility must be lower close to the UB to achieve NPC attachment. We conclude that the FGF8 signalling pathway is crucial for the coordination of NPCs behaviour to the UB. Chemokinetic effects have been described also for other FGFs and may be relevant more generally for the formation of mesenchymal condensations.


A review of 101 renal allografts treated in similar fashion was carried out utilizing actuarial tables to calculate the incidence of success at intervals following transplantation. This study revealed that renal functional success stabilized at 18 months following surgery at rates of 55% and 34% in related living donor and cadaveric donor recipients respectively. Four groups of patients were distinguished by their clinical course having long-term success rates after having survived the first four months of 100, 84, 50, and 29 per cent. The presence of acute tubular necrosis did not alter prognosis, whereas rejection episodes occurring within the first week, or after the first four months, and persistent proteinuria were associated with a success rate of less than 30%. It is suggested that clinical grouping reflects closely the underlying histocompatibility difference.


THERE has been no comprehensive survey of the literature of Michael Servetus since the bibliography of Van der Linde in 1891. Much has been written since. The armfuls of newspaper notices occasioned by the erection of monuments may be safely passed over.1 The periodical articles are frequently no better, but here and there in journals and books solid work has been done. The plan of the present article is first to evaluate Van der Linde's study and to speak briefly of the outstanding works prior to his time. Then the life and works of Servetus will be taken up in chronological order, and attention will be called to the best, and more particularly to the recent, materials on each point. At the end will appear a few scraps of unpublished material and a list of those works referred to which deal primarily with Servetus. First, then, as to Van der Linde. His biography of Servetus was a reaction against the hagiography of Tollin, and sought to disparage the achievements and magnify the inconsistencies of Servetus. Unfortunately, in two instances the case has been made worse by mistranslation and faulty arithmetic. When Servetus says "quil y a vingt quatre a 25 ans envyron quil est sorty de son pays,"2 Van der Linde translates, "Hij was 24 a 25 jaren oud, toen hij zijn land verliet."3 Again Servetus says that he was in Germany "il y a environ vingt cinq ans (1528) ... luy estant bien ieune, environ de quinze a dix-sept ans."4 Van der Linde translates, "Hij was toen zeer jong, zoovat 15 of 16 (dus geboren 1513 of 1514)." It ought, of course, to read "from 15 to 17 years old," which would place his birth from 1511 to 1513. In the bibliography (p. 322), An impartial history of Michael Servetus, etc., is attributed without warrant to G. Benson. It has been attributed to George Hodges (see Gordon's article in the Encyclopaedia Britannica). The edition of 1748 was not the second, but the third. In the next entry under George Benson notice should be taken of the fact that these tracts first appeared in the Old Whig for 1737-38, no. 152, February 2; no. 153, February 9; no. 154, February 16; and no. 160, March 30, 1738. Inaccuracies as to Tollin's articles will be corrected in the list at the end of this article. Of the works prior to Van der Linde, the first of any moment, and one still


Dehydration-responsive element-binding(DREB) proteins,specifically binding to the dehydration-responsive element(DRE),have been identified as a group of important transcription activators of plants which regulate the expression of genes in response to the drought,high-salt and cold stresses.The review is about structure character,function,interacting mode with DRE cis-element,genes regulation expression of DREB and its novel research.


OBJECTIVE
This study aims to investigate the application value of tumor abnormal protein (TAP) examination in the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

METHOD
Abnormal sugar chain glycoproteins in the peripheral blood of 87 patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder were detected, and compared with non-tumor patients accompanied by hematuria.

RESULT
TAP examination showed that the positive rate of the abnormal sugar chain glycoprotein in the peripheral blood of the 87 patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder was 78.16%, whereas that of the non-tumor patients was 10.81%. The former is significantly higher than the latter (P<0.01).

CONCLUSION
TAP examination can be used to detect urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, and would be helpful in the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder by combining the clinical signs and symptoms.


For more than 1,000 years, a rare reddish-purple seaweed known as dulse has fed coastal communities in Northern Ireland. Now, it's making ...


Online advertising is the main source of revenue for Internet business. Almost in all the Ads platforms, advertisements are ranked by jointly considering the ads' estimated click-through rates and their bidding prices. But in practice, most of existing methods focus on estimating eCTR as accurately as possible and then incorporate the bidding price into the ranking phase, instead of modeling the expected ads revenue directly, mainly because of the absence of a good optimization target for expected revenue maximization. In this paper we propose two innovative metrics: real-valued AUC (rAUC) and soft AUC (sAUC) to evaluate the ads ranking model's performance and we prove that optimizing the proposed metrics is approximately equivalent to maximizing expected revenue. The proposed metrics bring in a great advantage that we can solve expected revenue maximization problem numerically rather than using heuristics following a famous Explicit Ranking Function (ERF). We also explore the Implicit Ranking Function (IRF) to maximize revenue through maximizing sAUC efficiently. Our experiments on two real-world platforms (Alibaba.com and Aliexpress.com) and also on Yahoo's open dataset show that our proposed methods perform better than the state-of-the-art methods.


In this study, we describe and evaluate a subjective test to determine the importance of subbands in perceiving the speaker identity. Pairs of sound files have been generated where the first sound file is the full-band version of a word and the second file is a subband of the same word in the first part and a subband of a different word in the second part of the experimental work. Words in each pair are uttered by either the same speaker or different speakers. Subjects were asked to score each pair of sound files they listened to according to the similarity of the speakers uttering each word. Also a consistency score is calculated for each subject to render the statistics more reliable. The experiment demonstrates that the second subband (1034 Hz-1895 Hz range) is the most important subband for speaker identification.


Drip irrigation is used widely in commercial, institutional, and home landscaping throughout drier regions of the West. In comparison tu other forms of irrigation, drip systems offer significant water savings and, in many situations, relatively low installation and maintenance costs. When container-grown plants are transplanted into landscapes, the first concern in irrigation is the delivery of adequate water directly to the existing root system. Therefore, drip irrigation emitters are inirially installed near the stem of transplants, and the central part of the root system may be in very wt soil for considerable periods of time. Unfortunately, not only are very wet suil conditions unfavorable for root growth and activity, they promote the development of root rots caused by fungi in the genus Phytof>hthora.


This paper presents a new method of accurate and quick recognizing mechanical-type indicator card.First,we put the indicator card into computer by the scanning apparatus,and carry on the image binaryzation, thinning and vectorization to gain the vectorization of the engineering drawing after the image pretreatment,thereby creating an advantageous condition of feature extraction of indicator card,creating the advantageous condition of improving the failure diagnosis of pumping wells as well.


In this article I prove that the pointwise limit f : R→ R of a sequence of right-continuous functions has some special property (G) and that bounded functions of two variables g : R2 → R whose vertical sections gx, x ∈ R, are derivatives and horizontal sections gy, y ∈ R, are pointwise limits of sequences of right-continuous functions, are measurable and sup-measurable in the sense of Lebesgue.


It provided an exposure apparatus comprising: a projection optical system of the exposure pattern on the mask is transferred on the object to be exposed; secondary light source is formed near the surface of the hole and position the projection optical system conjugate and irradiated an illumination optical system of the mask; the transmittance distribution from the secondary light source surface to be exposed to the above and at least one light intensity distribution of the secondary light source plane of the apparatus is set to a non-uniform.


Probe beam deflection (PBD) was used to monitor the ion exchange between polymer film and bulk electrolyte during the redox reaction in polyaniline in aqueous electrolyte (HCl, HClO 4 , H 2 SO 4 ). The PBD results clearly show that protons as well as anions are exchanged during the first oxidation process


[Objective]To discuss the reductive method and clinical result of lower cervical bilateral facet dislocation.[Method]Totally 22 cases with lower cervical bilateral facet dislocation were treated from 2000 to 2006.According to resecting the injuried disc annulus pre-reduction or not,the patients were divided to 2 groups.The variation of neurological fauction level were classified according to ASIA grade system.Among 13 cases examined by MRI,There were disc herniated in 9 cases(69%).[Result]The average time of follow-up was 18 months.Neurological symptom became more severe in 1 cases which injured disc annulus weren't resected in-reduction and in 3 cases which injured disc weren't resected post-reduction.ASIA grade deteriorated: 1 case upgraded from C to A,1 case upgraded from C to B,2 case upgraded C to D.But no one occurred in another group.[Conclusion]A lot of lower cervical bilateral facet dislocations have associated disc herniations.If injured disc isn't resected,the neurological symptom may become more severe.Resection injured disc,reduction,bone grafting can be settled in one time,in order to avoid secondary spine cord injury.


Let E be a compact subset of the unit circle. We determine the extremal rate of growth of (∥Tn∥)n⩾1 for Banach-space operators T satisfying the resolvent condition∥(T−λI)−1∥⩽const.dist(λ,E)(∣λ∣1) . This includes, as extreme cases, the Kreiss condition E=T and the Ritt condition E={1}. For intermediate sets E, the cardinality, the measure and the Hausdorff dimension of E all play a role in determining the growth of ∥Tn∥. As a by-product, we also obtain lower bounds for the Taylor coefficients of functions f holomorphic on the unit disk and satisfying∣f(z)∣⩾1dist(z,E)(∣z∣<1) .


This paper presents a compact substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) sensor combining slow-wave and air-filled technologies for humidity environment detection. Designed in a multilayer printed-circuit-board process, the proposed sensor operates at 5.8 GHz, in the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) frequency band. Since the permittivity of the air depends on its relative humidity, the detection is obtained by measuring the resonant frequency shift of a SIW resonator. Whereas air-filled technology allows improving sensitivity detection, slow-wave effect allows both concentrating the electric field in the air and reducing the size of the sensor. Hence, a surface area reduction of the resonator cavity of 41% and 75% is obtained as compared to the partially air-filled SIW and the fully air-filled SIW, respectively. A good agreement between the numerical EM simulation and the experimental result without humidity variation is obtained. Moreover, thanks to the concentration of the electric field in the air region of the cavity, simulation results show that a sensor sensitivity of 973 kHz/RH can be expected. It allows validating the interest of combining slow-wave SIW and air-filled technology for humidity sensing application.


Photovoltaic (PV) power generation has developed rapidly in recent years. Owing to its volatility and intermittency, PV power generation has an impact on the power quality and operation of the power system. To mitigate the impact caused by the PV generation, an energy storage (ES) system is applied to the PV plants. The capacity configuration and control strategy based on the stochastic optimization method have become an important research topic. However, the accuracy of the probability distribution model is insufficient and a stochastic optimization method is rarely used in a control strategy. In this paper, a stochastic optimization method for the energy storage system (ESS) configuration considering the self-regulation of the battery state of charge (SoC) is proposed. Firstly, to reduce the sampling error when typical scenarios of PV power are generated, a time-divided probability distribution model of the ultra-short-term predicted error of PV power is established. On this basis, to solve the problem that SoC reaches the threshold frequently, a self-regulation model of the SoC based on multiple scenarios is established, which can regulate the SoC according to rolling PV power prediction. A stochastic optimization configuration model of the energy storage system is constructed, which can reduce the impact of PV uncertainty on the configuration result. Finally, the proposed stochastic optimization method is validated. The fitting error of the time-divided probability distribution model is 15.61% lower than that of the t-distribution. The expected revenue of the optimal configuration in this paper is 8.86% higher than the scheme with a fixed probability distribution model, and 16.87% higher than without considering the stochastic optimization method.


The pyxis is an Athenian masterpiece, unfortunately not in good condition.' It has evidently been exposed to fire, for the terracotta is grayish instead of reddish and there are blackish stains." The white engobe has thereby become friable and has peeled in places, taking with it parts of the decoration. But much miraculously remains-enough to show the delicate drawing, the exquisite poses, and the harmonious composition. The upper part of the handle on the lid is restored, but what is preserved shows that it was not the usual knob but a ring, as in the pyxis in Berlin.I


Dimensions of tissues fixed in glutaraldehyde‐osmium tetroxide mixture, osmium tetroxide and uranyl acetate and then dehydrated in 2,2‐dimethoxypropane (DMP) were measured using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Rat cardiac muscle, kidney and other tissues were examined in this study. The mean dimensions of characteristic ultrastructural features of material prepared by this method are similar or larger than those reported in the literature for conventionally processed samples. Critical point drying of specimens dehydrated with DMP does not produce abnormal shrinkage. Simultaneous primary fixation of lipids and proteins in a glutaraldehyde osmium tetroxide mixture and omission of the water wash after uranyl acetate appear to be important in stabilizing the tissue for rapid dehydration. The rapid reaction of DMP and water yielding the products acetone and methanol does not appear to denature tissue components to a greater extent than conventional solvent exchange dehydration.


Domestic violence against women is a taboo topic, normally silenced or ignored in literature, though socially accepted as a common way of male control over woman in the familiar context. The lives of Matrona of Perge, Mary the Younger and Thomaïs of Lesbos are rare examples of how domestic violence against women could be also interpreted as a reason to sanctify the woman suffered abuses of this sort. This article is aimed at analyzing this phenomenon into the context of Byzantine Hagiography.


Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the perceived benefits that adults with disabilities experience from participating in a therapeutic recreation camp. Methods: Participants selected were between the ages of 22 and 65, had attended the camp one or more times, and had no difficulties communicating. Participant interviews were conducted during the camp and recorded. After interview completion, data were transcribed verbatim and QDA Miner software was used to organize and code the data for themes. Researchers used the constant comparative method of data analysis to form a collaborative code book. Results: Main themes that emerged were: positive affect, confidence, and positive socialization. Participants shared benefits of: feelings of belonging, being accepted without judgment, and establishing an emotional connection with others outside of one's family.


This paper introduces novel dual-polarized/duplex filtering antennas with a novel filtering feeding network. The feeding network consists of an all-resonator structure, which shares a common dual-mode resonator. This structure facilitates the isolation of two well-isolated channels through the exploitation of the even and odd modes of the dual-mode resonator. By applying balanced excitation to the odd mode and unbalanced excitation to the even mode, the two modes can be separated, creating a hybrid-like feeding structure. Despite the common resonator, the channels exhibit high isolation, and the overall size of the filtering circuit is much smaller than conventional cascaded-resonator designs. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed feeding network, we have designed, fabricated, and measured a dual-polarized and a duplex filtering antenna. The simulated and measured results agree well, showing isolations greater than 34 dB and 38 dB for dual-polarized and duplex cases, respectively. Our proposed antennas are compared with state-of-the-art developments, demonstrating the advantages of compact size, flexible decoupling frequency ratio, and high isolation.


This research is a quasi experimental. This study aims to find out 1) description of students 'reasoning abilities taught by applying learning model of Auditory Intellectually Repetition (AIR) Model with Contextual Teaching and Learning Approach (CTL), 2) description of students' reasoning ability taught by applying direct learning model Learning model 3) The possitive effect of Auditory Intellectually Repetition (AIR) with Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Approach towardstudents' mathematics reasoning ability. The population of this study was all students of class VIII SMP Negeri 8 Makassar in the even semester of the academic year 2017/2018 and selected 2 classes cluster random sampling as a sample of research. Data analysis techniques were performed using statistical and inferential techniques. The result of descriptive statistic analysis shows that: 1) students' mathematics reasoning ability after applied learning model of auditory intellectually repetition with Contextual Teaching and Learning Approach (CTL) are in high category, 2)students' mathematics reasoning ability after applied direct instructionare in the medium category. The result of inferential statistical analysis shows that students' mathematics reasoning ability after applied learning model is higher than direct instruction learning model. Based on the description it can be concluded that the learning model of Auditory Intellectually Repetition (AIR) with Contextual Teaching and Learning approach (CTL) has anpositive effect on students' mathematical reasoning ability compared to direct learning model.

Keywords: The Influence, Learning Model ofAuditory Intellectually Repetition (AIR) with Contextual Teaching and Learning Approach (AIR), Mathematics Reasoning Skill.


We prove Harnack's inequality for non-negative solutions of some degenerate elliptic operators in divergence form with the lower order term coefficients satisfying a Kato type contition.


This paper proposes a dynamic characteristics measurement method for condition monitoring in a rotor system with a permanent magnet (PM) motor. The PM motor is used not only as a torque generator but also as an exciter for measuring the dynamic characteristics of the rotor system. The radial excitation force is generated by current injection into the d-axis motor windings under eccentricity. The principle of the radial excitation force generation is theoretically discussed in this paper. Furthermore, the force is numerically calculated and experimentally measured to verify the proposed excitation method. It becomes clear that the radial force from the motor windings is proportional to the d-axis current and eccentricity. Thus, the force can be used to measure the frequency response functions of rotor systems as a stability index under eccentricities such as unbalanced vibration.


In a previous paper, we proposed a new magnetic dynainic vibration absorber which has a function of tuning the natural frequency to the exciting frequency automatically by adjusting the distance between magnets used as a repelling force system. In this paper, we analyze a system equipped with the proposed vibration absorber taking into account nonlinear properties of restoring force and to investigate the response of the system through vibration experiments. Based on these results, we propose an adaptive method for adjusting the distance between magnets such that the ampiitude of the primary system is reduced as small as possible. Vibration experiments assure that the amplitude of the primary system can be suppressed in sufficiently small values by applying the proposed method.


Abstract. Serum activity of gamma‐glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were determined in 316 patients attending an out‐patients clinic for treatment of alcoholism. The activity of gamma‐glutamyltransferase was raised in 34% and that of aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in 18% and 7%. Neither the activity of gamma‐glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase nor alkaline phosphatase showed any significant (P>0.05) correlation with the history of alcohol consumption. The activities of gamma‐glutamyltransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were raised significantly more often in patients with recent alcohol consumption than in patients who had abstained for more than 9 days. The concentration of alkaline phosphatase was not significantly (P>0.05) different in these groups. The predictive value of raised and normal activities of gamma‐glutamyltransferase, in deciding whether a patient had had recent alcohol consumption or not, was not superior to the predictive value of raised and normal activities of aspartate aminotransferase.


Today, many teachers in district have complained about certification process because the process is not transparent. Teacher young and working period less first got the chance to follow the certification process than teachers that in fact have longer work experience. Many people have blamed injustice caused by the factors collusion and nepotism are circulating among the Department of Education. This will not occur if the relevant authorities have been using an effective method to determining the priority list Participants as Decision Support Systems.The Decision Support System usingAnalitic HierarchyProses(AHP)method to make the priority list. AHP is one methods that can perform complex and detailed assessment criteria with a comprehensive framwork, consideration process then calculate weights for each criterion in determinis priorities certification testing in accordance with quotas. K ey w ords: certification, decision, hierarchy , priorities


In recent years, stem cell therapy has become a very promising and complex scientific research topic. In the body, stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into a wide variety of cell types. They are capable to regenerate body system. Adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells are the two primary categories of stem cells. Through cell- replacement therapies, stem cell-based therapies can give the opportunity to replace lost, damaged, or old cells in order to regenerate or repair tissues and organs. Additionally, using genetically altered stem cells as delivery systems holds enormous potential for treating inherited genetic flaws and delivering therapeutic chemicals to specifically injured tissues and organs. The ensuing integration of science and medicine made possible by more research will enable the therapeutic application of ES cell technology. In the end, such a program might present a remarkable new weapon in the fight against human sickness.


Several groups including our own have reported gene delivery to fetal organs by vector administration into the amniotic cavity. Based on these studies we hypothesised that the large surface of the fetal skin may be exploitable for high level production of systemically required gene products to be released into the fetal circulation.


A pot experiment was conducted during Kharif 2005 to ascertain the response of different organic sources viz Wheat Straw, Farmyard Manure, Vermicompost and Poultry Manure on biochemical properties viz microbial biomass carbon (MVC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and microbial biomass phosphorous (MBP) and dehydrogenase activity. Poultry Manure and vermicompost treated soil coupled with NPK resulted in higher MBC as compared to manure treatment. Soil MBP and MBN also increased with the application of wheat Straw, poultry Manure, FYM and vermicompost respectively over control. Similarly the soils showed higher dehydrogenase activity with incorporation of poultry manure, vermicompost, FYM and wheat straw respectively over control.


Ultrasound imaging is a valuable tool in the detection of breast tumor,and the breast imaging reporting and data system(BI-RADS) guides the ultrasound diagnosis of breast tumor to improve the diagnosis accuracy.Ultrasound breast tumor computer-aided diagnosis(CAD) combined with BIRADS-US has become the research hospot.This paper introduces the design of CAD system based on BI-RADS-US and main technology of these functional modules,and finally,summarizes the research situation of Ultrasound breast tumor CAD with BI-RADS-US.


The local database application programs develped by PowerBuilder was presented.When there isn't PowerBuilder in PC,it will carry out ODBC collocation with setting and it realizes the convinent connection of customer application and database. The main idea is to use programs instead of manual ODBC collocations. The application program codes are given out in detail and can be checked in the data collection system. The program codes can be perfected and referred to use in the application development with Power Builder local database.


With promising benefits such as emission reduction, traffic congestion alleviation and parking space saving, electric vehicle sharing systems have attracted increasing attentions. This paper proposes a Trip Pricing Scheme (TPS) for a large-scale EV-sharing network with Shared Electric Vehicle (SEV) demand prediction. In the proposed system, the SEV traffic demand is firstly predicted through a model which includes a cascade graph convolutional neural network and a long-short term memory neural network. Based on this, the TPS is modelled as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem, which aims at maximizing the total system profit from EV sharing business. The proposed TPS determines the optimal combination of the two price adjustment levels, which provides incentives to the spatial-temporal distribution of SEVs' traffic flows to maximize the system's profit. Numerical simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Innovative and quality education for all is a major precondition for smart nations. Children and youth are fascinated by mechanisms, machines and robots. Therefore, robotics using inexpensive open source hardware and software is increasingly being used in innovative STEM education. But, developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America are well behind the curve in the use of robots in schools and colleges. An innovative and extremely affordable robotic system is developed in this paper, whereby school children anywhere can go online and race multiple indoor mobile robots over the Internet. Virtual reality and force feedback are used to make the racing realistic and interactive. Children will be introduced to building their own inexpensive mobile robots using commercial, off-the-shelf components and materials. Advanced learners, e.g., college and university students, can modify and improve the hardware and software for Internet-based teleoperation. The project can be used to introduce or improve robotics education at a low cost among school children, while providing opportunities in service learning for college/university students.


One of the impacts of climate change is high risk of vector borne diseases (VBD) presently as per World Health Organization (WHO) especially Dengue Fever in tropical regions. Transmission of dengue is now present in all WHO regions of the world and more than 125 countries are known to be endemic. In the developing countries, true impact of dengue is difficult to ascertain due to factors such as inadequate disease surveillance, misdiagnosis, and low levels of reporting. However, the health service today has been benefited by technological advances in field of geospatial technology. There is abundant evidence worldwide that the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing has dramatically impacted the public health. The current study uses remote sensing derived information such as Land use/Land cover, using Landsat 8 data, monthly average rainfall derived from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). The factors such as slope, drainage were extracted in ArcGIS. An analysis was done to see the factors which have significant impact on modeling the high dengue prone areas using geotagged dengue cases reported from the households in North East (NE) Delhi. Further this information is used to identify hotspots using the GPS locations of the dengue suspected and confirmed patients in the year 2013. Based on the results from analysis we have tried to model the areas that are vulnerable to dengue cases. We have also tried to evaluate two different approaches to model the final outcomes in the form of vulnerable areas in terms of dengue cases. The result of this study will be useful for proper planning of appropriate control and prevention strategies to be prioritized in similar areas of India. About the Author: Ms. Mridu Prakash Myself as a Geoinformatics student, pursuing masters from TERI University. I have done graduation in BSc Radiography (Medical Technology) from University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi University. Email ID: firstname.lastname@example.com email@example.com Contact No: +91 – 9013778890 15 Esri India User Conference 2014 Page 2 of 14 Introduction GIS applications in Health Sector is in a prenatal stage and is slowly evolving as compared to other sectors such as Urban Planning, Disaster Management etc. but examples of research and real time applications of GIS in Health Sector both globally & nationally can be found. India faces challenges to meet its health needs and in providing adequate facilities to the patients in time. The promotion and protection of the health of people are essential for the sustained economic and social development, thus contributing to the better quality of life. The social value of health care has recently emphasized the ecological approach to human health, as the human system involves constant adjustment to deterioration in the social, biological and physical environment. GIS technologies have the capability to integrate many types of data and to analyze spatial and temporal data to produce new models. From the public health perspective, GIS is essentially used to determine the health situation of an area, generating and analyzing diseases hypotheses, identify high risk disease affected areas, prioritize areas for mitigation and surveillance programs, monitor the incidence and visualize and analysis or map that information in a more interactive manner for better understanding. Remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies have previously been used in public health to help health authorities with surveillance and mitigation strategies. The use of remotely sensed data (satellite images and aerial photographs) in epidemiological studies has become more frequent during the last decade. Remote sensing offers a huge potential for the study of diseases related to environmental conditions (Cline, 1970; Curran et al, 2000; Hay and Tatem, 2005). The application of remote sensing to health studies has seen an increase in monitoring, surveillance and risk mapping, particularly for vector-borne diseases. Most studies use remote sensing data to explore the environmental factors that might be associated with disease-vector habitats and human transmission risk. GIS owing to its inherent ability to manage both spatial and non-spatial information, provides an excellent framework for disease management. It can integrate data from any source whether it is satellite images or aerial photographs, survey data or published records. It can then overlays a series of maps integrate and analyze the data. The approach in developing remote sensing applications in epidemiology depends on the spectral, spatial, and temporal characteristics of remote sensing measurements. A combination of high spatial resolution data for land use and land cover classification and frequent coarse resolution environmental satellite data for monitoring environmental variability would be ideal for studying surface climate conditions for modeling vector population. Initiatives for developing systematic inventories of disaster damages including epidemics and disease outbreaks were carried out both globally and nationally. Dengue is currently regarded globally as the most important mosquito-borne viral disease. Transmission of dengue is now present in every World Health Organization (WHO) region of the world and more than 125 countries are known to be dengue endemic. The true impact of dengue globally is difficult to ascertain due to factors such as inadequate disease surveillance, misdiagnosis, and low levels of reporting. Currently available data likely grossly underestimates the social, economic, and disease burden. Estimates of the global incidence of dengue infections per year have ranged between 50 million and 200 million; however, recent estimates using cartographic approaches suggest this number is closer to almost 400 million. The expansion of dengue is expected to increase due to factors such as the modern dynamics of climate change, globalization, travel, trade, socioeconomics, settlement and also viral evolution (8). Delhi has had outbreaks of dengue caused by various dengue virus types in 1967, 1970, 1982, 1988 and 1996. Dengue virus types 1, 2 and 3 have all been isolated during previous dengue outbreaks in Delhi, but a particular type has always predominated. One of the largest outbreaks of DHF/DSS in North India occurred in Delhi and adjoining areas in the year 1996 and the predominant circulating serotype was found to be Den-2 virus. Description of Study Area Delhi, the capital of India, is situated on the bank of river Yamuna at the longitude between 76050'11"E and 77020'54" E and latitude between28025'47" N and 28053'5" N. It occupies a 1,485 Km2 area of which 900 Km2 is classified as urban. It lies 233m high from the Mean Sea Level. In Delhi three agencies, namely the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD), New Delhi Municipal Committee (NDMC) and Defense are responsible for dengue control activities inside their own areas. The MCD with its 12 zones, cover the largest part. The study area is spread at the 28.4 km and has population 22 million in 2011. EDMC includes 64 wards in the region. Delhi remains hot in summer, humid in monsoon season and is cold during the winters. The average temperature of New Delhi ranges from 25°C to 46°C during summer and 2°C to 25°C during winter. The cold wave from the Himalayan region makes the winters in New Delhi very chilly. In summers, the heat wave in New Delhi is immense and adequate precaution has to 15 Esri India User Conference 2014 Page 3 of 14 be taken before going out in the afternoons. The average annual rainfall is approximately 714 mm (28.1 in), most of which falls during the monsoon in July and August. Scenario of Vector borne Diseases in Delhi Delhi is the national capital of India with estimated population of around 16.6million spread over an area of around 1483 Sq. Km. About 93% of the population residing in Delhi is urban and all areas are likely to be urbanized soon in coming years. Delhi being a hub for trade and employment for whole of Northern India, Delhi suffers from the problem of unplanned growth, slums and uncontrolled immigration In India, 21 states have reported dengue cases in 2006. A total of 10,935 cases and 171 deaths were reported from all over the country (provisional). Out of total cases, 31% were reported from Delhi and adjoining areas. Delhi also reported maximum number of deaths among all the states. Delhi has also had several outbreaks of certain infectious diseases in the past few years, most important of these being those of Dengue. During monsoon and post monsoon season in addition the conditions become favorable for breeding of vector (mosquitoes) and Delhi is at high risk of having Dengue outbreaks. According to www.healthsite.com on Dec 10, 2013 the number of dengue cases in the capital has reached 5,462. Most cases have been reported from the north zone (2,167), followed by south (1,642) and east (1,508) zones. An additional 69 cases have been reported from the National Capital Region, including parts of Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. A database is prepared showing attribute of spatial entity for the present study were collected from secondary sources. The zone wise dengue in Delhi on yearly basis from 2009-2013 were collected from NVBDCP (National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme) Govt. of NCT of Delhi. (See Appendix 1)


With the gradual increase of civil engineering projects in our country, the demand for civil engineering talents from all walks of life is increasing, which effectively promotes the reasonable development and implementation of civil engineering talent training. Regarding this issue, under the promotion of educational reforms, Chinese educators have conducted in-depth analysis and investigations on the current development status of civil engineering teaching in colleges and universities, aiming to further realize the training and construction of civil engineering talents in colleges and universities, so as to help our country The reasonable satisfaction of civil engineering construction needs lays a solid foundation. This article discusses the current teaching situation of civil engineering in universities in my country, and proposes corresponding optimization suggestions, aiming to further improve the teaching quality of civil engineering in universities, so as to effectively meet the urgent demand for advanced talents in the civil engineering industry.


The modulation transfer function of subpixel imaging of 1-dimensional CCD(charge coupled device) sensor with various surface textures was deduced from the definition of modulation transfer value. The results of numerical computation for the modulation transfer function of two kinds of 1-dimensional CCD sensor showed that the resolution of the image acquired by subpixel imaging was theoretically about twice that of the CCD sensor; and that the subpixel imaging quality was obviously better than that of normal imaging when the spatial frequency was lower than the Nyquist frequency of the CCD sensor.


An experimental vaccine that boosts the production of specific proteins be effective against the novel coronavirus that causes COVID-19, according to a study mice. natural cellular to up levels of two proteins used by the virus to infect other cells, packaged the protein-boosting instructions in nanoparticles and injected them into mice.


Environmentally-powered wireless sensors use ambient energy from their environment to support their own energy needs. As such, they must operate without significant maintenance or user supervision. Due to the stochastic availability of ambient energy, its harvesting, storage and consumption must be managed by an efficient and robust controller that maintains data collection and transmission rates at desired levels, while maximizing the useful operational time of the system. To accomplish this task, the control system must observe the state of charge of an internal energy storage device, and consider the amount of energy available for harvest in the future. At the same time, the complexity of the controller must be limited so that it can be implemented on the simple embedded system of the sensor hardware. This paper presents a comprehensive synthesis of desired behavior of such controllers, and describes procedures


Ground and air vibrations induced by large surface blasts were monitored and the field results, as well as a large number of published results, were used to assess the performance of existing predictors and for the development of improved prediction methods. Field monitoring was performed with four seismographs giving complete wave records at limestone quarries, coal strip mines, and an open pit copper mine. Conventional analysis includes least square fitting of peak particle velocities and peak air overpressures with scaled distance formulations. Frequency content was analyzed and correlated with blast design (detonation sequence). Two new methods were developed to predict ground vibrations induced by blasting. The proposed analytical predictor accounts explicitly for inelastic attenuation and geometrical spreading, and calculates the peak particle velocity as a function of charge weight and distance. Statistical analysis of case studies confirms the consistent improvement over conventional scaled distance predictors. The second new predictor is a computer program simulating blasts including blast geometry, charge distribution, and detonation sequence and simulating propagation of individual pulses to any point of interest where effects are summed. A complete blast vibration results allowing prediction of frequency content and duration as well as peak velocities.


Due to the complexity of domestic residential building,every residential air-conditioning mode should be developed instead of only one style.Nonorganized exhaust air of outdoor heat exchanger should be improved,which had caused social conflicts in high dense residential community for disperse residential air-conditioning units.On the other hand,for central air-conditioning systems,the control rights should be handled to each customer due to the violation of dwellers' rights.As a result,in order to achieve the independence of air-conditioning mode as electricity and water supply,as well as the high energy efficiency,greater technological improvements should be needed.


Based on the experiment on two column specimens(one is a concrete column with a formwork without disassembly,another is an ordinary concrete column),the basic mechanical properties of the concrete column with a formwork without disassembly under monotonic loading are studied,including failure patterns,ultimate bearing capacity,concrete strain,strain of reinforcing steel and so on.The comparison of mechanical behavior is made between the concrete structure column with a formwork without disassembly and an ordinary concrete column.The experimental results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of the concrete structure column with a formwork without disassembly has safer performance while using the current specification to calculate it,and its axial compression capacity is approximate to the one of an ordinary concrete column.


We study the supersingular locus of a reduction at an inert prime of the Shimura variety attached to GU(2 , n − 2). More concretely, we realize irreducible components of the supersingular locus as closed subschemes of flag schemes over Deligne–Lusztig varieties defined by explicit conditions. Moreover we study the intersections of the irreducible components. A stratification of Deligne–Lusztig varieties defined using a power of Frobenius action appears in the description of the intersections.


The tourism sector is a flexible sector which can be easily affected by any negative development. Countries that aims sustainable tourism income should take precautions against crisis. To do this,the country governments and industry managers should prepare effective crisis management plans and should apply these precautions in the frames of these plans. These precautions and crisis management plans that would be taken and applied should have the qualities which can sustain growth of Turkish tourism sector and help it to achieve its targets. Keywords— Tourism, Crisis, Public policy.


Quantum statistical mechanics of soliton systems is developed in the path integral formalizm by making use of the non-canonical collective coordinate method. The free energy is calculated in the ideal-gas approximation up to the order of two-loop. Explicit calculations are given for the sine-Gordon model. The classical limit of the present quantum calculation agrees with the exact result of the low-temperature expansion of the transfer-integral method. Numerical calculation reveals the quantum effect on the specific heat.


Stieltjes in later life wrote an article on a definite integral which could not be evaluated by an analytical continued fraction. Questions of divergency of series arise and these we answer mainly from G. H. Hardy's book on divergency. G. H. Hardy was a pure mathematician and yet here an example really concerns applied mathematics. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 62E20.


Objective:To investigate the appication value of endoscopy combined with laparoscopy in the treatment of gastrointestinal tumor.Methods:The clinical data of 15 patients with gastrointestinal tumor who underwent combined treatment with endoscopy and laparoscopy were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Among them,8 cases(53.33%) of wedge resection,5 cases(33.33%) of segment resection and 2 cases(13.33%) of laparoscopic radical resection were preformed.There were 3 cases of gastric,5 villous adenoma among which 1 case was canceration,5 tubular adenoma and 2 cases of colon cancer.The incision infection occurred in 1 case,no other complications was observed.The postoperative stay was 7-14 day.During the follow-up(3 to 12 months),no recurrence was detected in the cases of adenoma canceration and colon cancer.Conclusions:Combination of laparoscopy and endoscopy extends the use of them,which makes the best use of mimi-invasion and provide a new idea to treat the large benign lesions and small malignant lesions of gastrointestinal tract.


Functional epistemology is about ways to access functional objects by using varieties of methods and procedures. Not all such means are equally capable of reproducing these functions in the desired consistency and resolution. Dyson's argument against the perturbative expansion of quantum field theoretic terms, in a radical form (never pursued by Dyson), is an example of epistemology taken as ontology.


AbstractThis survey research was conducted to develop guidelines for establishing classroom libraries to instill the sustainable reading culture into primary school students in Southern Isan. The questionnaires were sent to 395 primary school teachers in 3 provinces: Burirum, Surin, and Srisaket. In addition, the researcher interviewed 24 school teachers and administrators. The findings concluded that:-
The majority of schools supported the establishment of library corners or libraries within each classroom by acquiring bookshelves, reading tables and chairs.  Most of the classrooms housed more than 300 books, including story tales, textbooks, cartoons, and children fiction books. Since most of the schools did nothave annual budgets for purchasing books or reading media, the teachers asked for donations from general public, organizations, community members, parents, and teachers. The teachers let all the students read together, gave reading advice, told stories and asked questions to encourage students to search for answers from the books in the classroom libraries.
The teachers' viewpoints or opinions about setting up classroom libraries, library operations and physical facilities were found at a moderate level. On average, their opinions about new books and good readable books displays, acquisition and organization of various types of books, such as story books, fiction and non-fiction books, magazines, booklets, poems and cartoons, which children could select to read based on their interests were reported at a high level. The book corners where natural or electrical lights should be adequately equipped, the students should have free time for reading, and they should be encouraged by teachers to read books at the classroom book corners. The analysis of the study hypothesis showed that the teachers of the Southern Isan schools of various sizes expressed different viewpoints about establishing classroom libraries to instill sustainable reading culture in children statistically significantly at 0.05.


Major hepatectomy in cirrhotic patients still represents a great challenge for liver surgeons. Hence, the aim in the present study is to investigate the clinical impact of major hepatectomy and to assess whether the surgical approach influences the outcome of cirrhotic patients.


ABSTRACT Ozone (O3) is a strong oxidant, which is able to oxidize carbonaceous solid soot even at ambient temperature. In this study, we found that the ozone-induced oxidation of soot was noticeably enhanced in the range 100–150 °C when La1-x K x MnO3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.25) was used as a catalyst. The oxidation was limited at T < 300 °C owing to the thermal instability of ozone, but during temperature-programmed oxidation of soot from 25 to 700 °C, more than 70% of the carbon was combusted at T < 300 °C. The O3-induced soot oxidation rate over LaMnO3 at 150 °C was comparable to the NO2 (and O2)-induced soot oxidation rates over LaMnO3 at 430 °C and Pt/γ-Al2O3 at 410 °C. The K-substitution degree (x) of La1-x K x MnO3 had little influence on the catalytic activity in ozone-induced soot oxidation, which is a reflection of the similarity of the substituted catalysts in the number of surface oxygen vacancies.


Background: Infertility, as defined by World Health Organization (WHO), is failure to achieve pregnancy during 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of unsuspected pathology at hysterolaparoscopy in presumed unexplained infertility, the incidence of intervention done for correcting pathology and its outcome and the importance of hysterolaparoscopy in the evaluation and treatment of infertile couples.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out at IVF and Endoscopy centre, Department of obstetrics and gynecology at the Ruby Hall clinic, Pune from 1st November 2014 to 30th July 2016, after obtaining institutional ethical clearance and who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed clinical history and physical examination and bimanual pelvic examination were done, following which all the patients were subjected to baseline blood investigation, 3D pelvis (TVS) and semen analysis. Day care hysterolaparoscopy was performed and systematic analysis were done.Results: The mean duration of infertility was 2 to 4 years. In our study out of 75 women 62 (82.67%) showed normal hysteroscopic findings, remaining 13 women (17.67%) showed abnormal hysteroscopic findings like cornaul blockage, intrauterine adhesions and tuberculosis endometrium. Abnormal laparoscopic findings were reported in 29.33% of which the most common pathology was endomertiosis (21.33%).Conclusions: Diagnostic Hysterolaproscopy is a safe, effective, minimally invasive, cost effective, daycare comprehensive procedure in evaluation of unexplained infertility. Apart from routine diagnostic protocol missed pathologies can be detected and this tool can be used for diagnostic as well as therapeutic intervention.


The Performance Assessment just based on the result can not be reasonable and fair response to the work of the staff,and will create some problems.In this paper,to explore an effective process of performance assessment by combination of performance assessment and process management,in order to build a fair and rational performance assessment mode,achieve a "win-win" development of enterprise and staff.


[Summary] Recently liraglutide,which is based on incretin,has attracted considerable attention gradually.Except for decreasing blood glucose favorably,liraglutide has the protective effects on cardiovascular system in patients with diabetes mellitus.It protects vascular endothelial cells and myocardial cells,defends atherosclerosis and improves cardiac function through various mechanisms.In addition,liraglutide also reduces blood pressure,regulates blood lipid,controls body weight,and reduces chronic inflammation.To sum up,liraglutide protects the cardiovascular system directly and reduces cardiovascular risk factors.It may improve the prognosis and the life quality of the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Key words:
Liraglutide ;  Cardiovascular system ;  Protection ;


Summary Cross-neutralization experiments in ovo with 1st and later chick embryo passage strains of freshly recovered influenza A viruses showed no definite difference in their antigenic composition. However, the reactivity relative to guinea pig and chicken erythrocytes underwent a rapid and profound change between the 1st and 2nd embryo passages.


Effects of column temperature and flow rate on separation of organic acids were studied by determining nine low-molecular-weight organic acids on reversed-phase C18 column using high performace liquid chromatography(HPLC) with a wavelength of UV(ultraviolet)214 nm and a mobile phase of 18 mmol L^-1 KH2PO4 buffer solution (pH2.1).The thermal stabiltiy of organic acids was determined by comparing the recoveries of organic acids in different temperature treatments.The relationships between column temperature,flow rate or solvent pH and retention time were analyzed.At low solvent pH,separatioin efficiency of organic acids was increased by raising the flow rate of the solvent because of lowering the retention time or organic acids.High column temperature was unfavorable for the separation of organic acids.The separating effect can be enhanced through reducing column temperature in organic acid determination due to increasing retention time.High thermal stability of organic acids with low concentrations was observed at temperature of 40℃-45℃,Sensitivity and separation effect of organic acid determination by HPLC were clearly improved by a combination of raising flow rate and lowering column temperature at low solvent pH.


Using a finite element model to generate compliance values, stress intensity solutions were developed for an edge cracked T-section in tension. The finite element model was developed specifically for T-section geometries with thin web sections. Several T-section geometries were analyzed. A limited set of experiments were performed to validate some of the finite element modeling using compliance specimens. The experimental results were in good agreement with the predictions made using the finite element model. Dimensional similarity was investigated and a set of dimensionless modeling parameters were identified.


This study aims to create Land Cover Land Use (LCLU)map of a part of the Izmir metropolitan city in Turkey, based on an enhanced Urban Atlas nomenclature and object based classification approach. Multi-temporal Sentinel-2 images from different seasons are used and rule-based object oriented classification techniques are applied on the images. Totally 20 LCLU classes are identified in the study area with different accuracy values. Thematic open source data were also integrated into classification to better identify some land use classes and to increase the total classification accuracy. Our results show that 10-m bands of Sentinel-2 images are capable to produce thematically detailed LCLU map with an overall accuracy of 86% and 0.852 Kappa values.


Uncovering risk factors playing roles in the severity of Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) are important for understanding pathoimmunology of the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV‐2). Genetic variations in innate immune genes have been found to be associated with Covid‐19 infections. A single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a promoter region of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) gene, TNF‐α −308G>A, increases expression of TNF‐α protein against infectious diseases leading to immune dysregulations and organ damage. This study aims to discover associations between TNF‐α −308G>A SNP and Covid‐19 infection. Polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) was used for genotyping a general Kurdish population and Covid‐19 patients. The homozygous mutant (AA) genotype was found to be rare in the current studied population. Interestingly, the heterozygous (GA) genotype was significantly (p value = 0.0342) higher in the Covid‐19 patients than the general population. This suggests that TNF‐α −308G>A SNP might be associated with Covid‐19 infections. Further studies with larger sample sizes focusing on different ethnic populations are recommended.