Abstract : Comprehensive experimental and theoretical study of the electron relaxation processes responsible for the depopulation of the lower lasing slates in intersubband and interhand laser heterostructures has been accomplished. In theory, LO-phonon assisted relaxation has been given special attention due to the high impact on the laser gain and temperature performance. We showed that in type-II laser heterostructures LO phonon assisted depopulation of the lower lasing slates is more efficient than corresponding interband tunneling process. We suggested type-II intersubband laser design with phonon-assisted depopulation and lower lasing level located near the upper edge of the heterostructure leaky window, where direct interband tunneling depopulation is inefficient. This design is beneficial for the laser performance providing the highest value of the matrix element for intrawell optical lasing transition and simultaneously preventing thermal backfilling of the lower lasing states. We also proposed a piezo-acoustic DFB QCL tunable in a wide wavelength range, which is especially important for spectroscopic applications of the quantum cascade lasers. Experimental program was focused on the study of temperature dependence of the optical gain and loss which is the most important factors for laser high-temperature operation. Special measurement technique has been developed for MIR type-II lasers which allows gain and loss spectra analysis in wide temperature range. Heat removal and hole leakage processes were also studied using MQW InP-based laser and laser array heterostructures.


I N the temperate zone, megaloblastic anaemia, other than that accompanying pernicious anaemia, pregnancy, idiopathic steatorrhoea or liver disease, is rare (Wintrobe, 1961).Recently, however, megaloblastic anaemias have been described in patients from Bristol, Liverpool and Sheffield, and the aetiology of these anaemias was thought to be mainly due to lack of folic acid in the diet (Gough et al., 1963; Forshaw et al., 1964; Varadi & Elwis, 1964). These communications prompted Girdwood (1964) to comment 'that either the criteria for establishing the diagnosis must vary considerably between centres, or the incidence of nutritional megaloblastic anaemia must differ greatly in various parts of the country-or perhaps both factors operate'. He went on to state that he had yet to see a patient in the South-Eastern region of Scotland with megaloblastic anaemia established as due to primary folic acid deficiency other than in pregnancy. This communication is a description of a patient from the West of Scotland who was found to have a megaloblastic anaemia resulting from nutritional folic-acid deficiency.


Highlights and common themes of groundwater management practices around the world Angelos N. Findikakis Groundwater resources management in Japan Kenji Jinno and Kuniaki Sato Groundwater management for sustainable water resources utilization in China Bingchen Wang, Xilai Zheng, and Guoqing Lin Groundwater issues and management in the North China Plain Yangwen Jia Groundwater management practices and emerging challenges: lessons from a case study in the Karnataka State of South India Sekhar Mudda, Yusuf Javeed, Soumaya Bandyopadhyay, Sylvian Mangiarotti, and Pierre Mazzega Groundwater management in Kandi region of Jammu Province, Jammu and Kashmir, India Vikas Sharma and Uttam C. Sharma Sustainable water resource management in the foothills of the Siwaliks, Northwest India Sanjay Arora Role of groundwater in the Tehran water supply Hamid R. Jahani Groundwater in Spain: legal framework and management issues Jorge Molinero, Emilio Custodio, Andres Sahuquillo, and Manuel R. Llamas Groundwater management in Denmark - protection of natural resources Anders Refsgaard and Susanne Vangsgaard Management issues for the Edwards Aquifer, Texas, USA Randy J. Charbeneau and Charles W. Kreitler Economic benefits of expanded groundwater storage in the Central and West Coast basins of Southern Los Angeles County David L. Sunding, Stephen F. Hamilton, Newsha K. Ajami Sustainable management of groundwater resources in parts of arid South Australia Ian F. Clark and Lynn A. Brake Groundwater quality management practices Eduard Hoehn Protection of groundwater environments Fritz Stauffer Impacts of below-ground structures on the groundwater environment and their management Kuniaki Sato and Takayuki Ueno Geological hazards due to groundwater pumping and/or artificial recharge Jiang Li and Zuping Sheng Groundwater-related laws in Japan Kuniaki Sato, Katsuhiko Shichinohe, and Takayuki Ueno Groundwater-related laws, regulations and standards in China Bingchen Wang, Xilai Zheng, and Guoqing Lin The EU groundwater regulatory framework Philippe Quevauviller, Johannes Grath, Andreas Scheidleder, and Balazs Horvath Groundwater legal framework and management practices in the High Plains aquifer, USA Marios Sophocleous UNESCO inventory of transboundary aquifers: managing shared groundwater resources wisely Alice Aureli


This paper reports on the flexible riser and mooring system (FRAMS) which provides a technically straightforward, commercially attractive method of developing small oil fields. A passively moored 60,000-deadweight-ton (60,000-DWT) tanker with deck-mounted equipment provides a swivelless well fluid and injection water path from and to the wellheads. The system can be disconnected rapidly in severe weather.


Current SDN controllers have been designed based on a monolithic approach that integrates all services and applications into one single, huge program. The monolithic design of SDN controllers restricts programmers who build management applications to the specific programming interfaces and services that a given SDN controller provides, making application development dependent on the controller, and thereby restricting portability of management applications across controllers. Furthermore, the monolithic approach means an SDN controller must be recompiled whenever a change is made, and does not provide an easy way to add new functionality or scale to handle large networks. To overcome the weaknesses inherent in the monolithic approach, the next generation of SDN controllers must use a distributed, microservice architecture that disaggregates the control plane by dividing the monolithic controller into a set of cooperative microservices. In this article, we explain the steps that are required to migrate from a monolithic architecture to a microservice architecture, and consider two potential designs that achieve the goal. Finally, the article reports the results of testbed measurements that we use to evaluate the proposed disaggregated architecture from multiple perspectives, including functionality and performance.


Maintenance outsourcing is a common practice in many industries, such as aviation and medical equipment manufacturing. However, there is always some dynamic risks associated with outsourcing. Risk analysis of maintenance outsourcing projects is a complex task due to consisting of many risk factors with dependencies among them. Although there are some studies on maintenance outsourcing risks, no attention has been paid to the risk analysis of maintenance outsourcing by considering the dependencies among risk factors. Considering the dependencies among risk factors could lead to more precise risks analysis and increase the success rate of outsourcing projects. To address this, we are proposing an advanced decision support tool called "Fuzzy Cognitive Maps" (FCM) which can deal with risks of such complicated systems. FCM represents the behavior of complex systems accurately and is able to consider uncertainties, imprecise information, the interactions between risk factors, information scarcity, and several decision maker's opinions. In addition, it could be applied in different decision makings problems related to outsourcing projects such as provider selection problem. Therefore, the proposed tool would help practitioners to manage maintenance outsourcing risks in a more effective and proactive way and offer better risk mitigation solutions.


In the paper, the structures of frames and the methods for calculation of their resistance are reviewed. A frame of a basic minibus and a frame of a low floor minibus are examined and analyzed herein. Computer-aided modeling of the frames are carried out.  The structures of the frames are assessed while simulating their deformations caused both by frontal and lateral impacts against the frames. In addition, tensions, deflections and deformations appeared in the frames were assessed and compared.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.23.3.14480


Over almost forty years, the objectives, content, operation and outcomes of the EU's regional policy have constantly evolved. The policy has served as an inspiration for new ideas in Irish policymaking and implementation but it has also circumscribed domestic policies and practices. This article presents a study of the way in which Ireland has responded to the obligations and opportunities created by EU regional policy. It highlights the manner in which national and European adaptation reflected the changing rationale and priorities of this influential policy. It demonstrates that a creative pragmatism enabled Ireland to use the available resources to good effect but that the country's regional disparities have not been overcome. Both top-down and bottom-up variants of Europeanisation have emerged, with the EU's resources shaping Ireland's development and Ireland's resourcefulness contributing to the ongoing development of EU regional policy.


: Constipation is one of the complications after stroke, which not only seriously affects the life quality of patients but may even induce secondary stroke if not appropriately handled. Regarding the treatment of post-stroke constipation, western medicine has an immediate effect. However, its effective time is short, the frequency of medication is high, and the long-term effect is not promising. Therefore, traditional Chinese medicine has gradually attracted attention in clinical practice due to its unique advantages. Mainly, acupuncture for treating symptoms of post-stroke constipation is widely used in the clinic because of its convenient operation and no noticeable adverse reactions. Therefore, after summarizing and studying relevant literature in recent years, it is found that acupuncture, warm acupuncture, and other therapies have apparent therapeutic effects on post-stroke constipation.


Clearly, there is a dilemma. On the one hand, an intervener must avoid undermining confidentiality and privileged communication; on the other hand, s/he must give appropriate information to others who share concern and responsibility for a minor's welfare. It is tempting to resolve the dilemma by reasserting that all counseling information should be confidential and privileged. Such a position, however, ignores the fact that failure to share germane information can seriously hamper efforts to help the client.


The multi-disciplinary nature of urban planning often prioritises outcomes in housing and infrastructure provision, with limited insight into how to foster or evaluate important characteristics of healthy, liveable spaces that urban planners endeavour to create; including sense of community, social cohesion, inclusion, safety and equity. As the rate and magnitude of change within communities worldwide will be exacerbated by trends such as globalisation, population growth and climate change, a comprehensive understanding of the social dimensions within communities across the socio-economic spectrum is important for urban planning research and practice. This paper presents two insights. First, how social capital contributes to best practice urban planning outcomes. Second, how social capital can be fostered by urban practitioners. The methodological strength of a mixed methods approach is emphasised, to provide an in-depth and contextualised account of the bonding, bridging and linking dimensions of social capital in a prevalent, but often ignored, middle class neighbourhood context. The results suggest aspects of community life such as sense of community, shared values and neighbourhood pride appear to be fluid constructs, suggesting that bonding, bridging and linking social capital develops in an integrated and interdependent manner, similar to systems thinking theory. The results also indicate how urban planners may measure and foster the growth of social capital at a neighbourhood scale, includinghow to develop opportunities to foster the role of youth and adults through collaborative governance approaches to local issues.


1. Introduction: Children of the Digital Age Part 1: Changing Childhood Cultures 2. New textual landscapes, information and early literacy 3. Ritual, performance and identity construction: Young children's engagement with popular cultural and media texts 4. Veronica: An asset model of becoming literate 5. Bilingual children's uses of popular culture in text-making Part 2 Children and Technologies 6. Watching Teletubbies: Television and its very young audience 7. The CD-ROM game: A toddler engaged in computer-based dramatic play 8. Narrative spaces and multiple identities: Children's textual explorations of console games in home settings 9. 'Pronto, chi parla? (Hello, who is it?'): Telephones as artefacts and communication media in children's discourses Part 3: Transformative Pedagogies 10. Popular culture: Views of parents and educators 11. Barbie meets Bob the Builder at the Workstation: The word on screen/ E-mergent literacies in the early years 12. Resistance, power-tricky, and colorless energy: What engagement with everyday popular culture texts can teach us about learning, and literacy 13. Behind the scenes: Making movies in early years classrooms.


The term 'secular evolution' becomes very popular for the last years as an alternative to the galactic evolution by discrete catastrophic events such as major mergers. What does it mean? It means slow smooth evolution, with the characteristic timescales of a few Gyrs. The great propagator of secular evolution of galaxies is John Kormendy, starting from his early studies of 70th. Now he has convinced the total community that the secular evolution is general, common, and not less important than fast collapses or merging. A lot of observational phenomena is now explained as consequences of secular evolution. Recently Kormendy & Kennicutt(2004) have reviewed a current state of this idea, with the numerous examples of the effects of secular evolution, and my goal here is to add some interesting facts/phenomena that have not received a proper attention yet. What are mechanisms of secular evolution? Figure 1 represents a scheme for galaxy evolution mechanisms where all the known mechanisms are divided according to two characteristics: fast–slow and internal–external. The slow mechanisms ('slow' means those acting during many galaxy rotation periods) are the mechanisms of secular evolution; they may be internal or external. Internal mechanisms of secular evolution may be:


Preface. Introduction to Functional Biotechnology. Organizatorial Structures. Markets and Factors. Biotechnology and Medicine Drug Discovery Molecular Pharma--Biotechnology Research and Development Pharmaceutical Production Safety Environment Ethics Companies, Institutes, Networks, and Organizations. References. Index.


Double-contrast barium enema (DCBE) studies showed lymphoid follicular hyperplasia (LFH) in excluded colonic segments after colostomy in 12 of 40 patients. In most patients with LFH, more than 80% of the excluded colon was affected. In eight patients, regression of LFH was demonstrated with DCBE studies after reanastomosis. This work suggests that LFH is the most common DCBE study finding in diversion colitis.


As Krishan Kumar Modi sees it, a real dilemma is facing Asia, and more particularly India, in the wake of the recurring European debt crisis.


Testing Teachers: Legal and Psychometric Considerations, 1965 to 1985 May 1985 Matthew W. McDonough, Jr., B.A., University of Massachusetts M.A., Springfield College, Ed.D., University of Massachusetts Directed by: Professor W. C. Wolf, Jr. This study examines the legal and regulatory decisions made dur¬ ing the last two decades that have influenced the teacher certification testing movement. Chapter I presents an overview of the study and an outline of the major legal, psychometric, and programmatic pressures that have influenced the direction of teacher certification testing. A synopsis of significant litigation relevant to employment testing in general and teacher testing in particular is presented in Chapter II. Chapter III concerns the technical challenges that psychometrists have faced in their effort to address problems identified by the courts. Chapter IV provides an example of one state's (Oklahoma) and one test developer's (National Evaluation Systems, Inc.) attempt to develop a psychometrically-sound, legally-defensible teacher certification test. Finally, Chapter V presents summaries of interviews with leading experts in the legal, psychometric, and programmatic areas of teacher testing. The experts offered their insights into the future of the teacher certi¬


The oscillator strengths of the intercombination lines of He I at 5874.460 ? (23P1-31D2), 5874.434 ? (23P2-31D2) and 6679.677 ? (21P1-33D2) have been investigated. A rough estimate obtained by observing the emission spectrum of a helium glow discharge plasma suggests that the oscillator strength is much larger than the value obtained from the electron density dependence determined using an afterglow plasma. A quantitative investigation of the oscillator strength of 23P-31D by measuring the absorption spectrum, the absolute lower-state population and also the radial distribution of the population gave an absorption oscillator strength of (4.75+or-0.62)*10-5 and a 31D-33D mixing coefficient of (1.53+or-0.10)*10-2.


In the last decade euthanasia has become increasingly accepted and it is very probable that in the near future it will be legalized in more countries. The topic is still contentious; arguments for and against it seem to stretch infinitely, but at the same time there are many who form opinions on the topic without having a clear image of the concept and forms of euthanasia. Our goal is to specify the topic of euthanasia, to clear up unsubstantiated doubts, to present some of the most important arguments for and against it, and to also assess the relevancy of these arguments. Our subjects were 50 university students from different departments in Cluj-Napoca. During the interviews, we have assessed their positions regarding euthanasia. According to our qualitative investigations, those who support it cite the avoidance of unnecessary pain and suffering, and those who do not primarily cite religious reasons. The answers given also reveal that even among those receiving university training – among others, prospective caregivers – there are many misconceptions regarding the topic. We believe further studies as well as an increased presence of the topic in scholarly journals is needed.


[Objective]To explore the clinic significance of the level of c-reactive protein(CRP)in serum of the patients with type 2 diabetes(2-DM)combined with hyperhomocysteinaemia.[Methods]100 patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into two groups equally,with and without Hhcy,other 100 cases of normal people as controls.Used automatic biochemistry analyzer to measure the level of CRP,lipid and Hhcy especially.[Results]The level of CRP in blood of patients with 2-DM was higher than that of controls obviously(P﹤0.05),and it was significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients combined with Hhcy than the others(P﹤0.05).[Conclusion]The level of CRP in type 2 diabetic patients combined with Hhcy is obviously higher,maybe inflammation is the common risk factor of 2-DM and Hhcy.


This report contains a concise picture of oil and gas activities in Wyoming through 1981. The geology of the area is briefly discussed. Drilling and production data are included. The possibility of developing Wyoming's oil shale is addressed. All major aspects of the oil and gas industry are represented in Wyoming from seismic exploration and development drilling to transporting and refining the product. Oil and gas have played a major role in the state's economy since the turn of the century and should continue to do so into the next century. (DMC)


Yield learning-a key process in assuring manufacturing efficiency-must be based on effective defect diagnostic procedures. One such procedure, using measurements of SRAMs and a computer-generated defect-fault dictionary, is presented in this paper. The discussion is focused on the 'resolution of diagnosis', which is the ability to resolve as large a variety of defects as possible. To assess the resolution limits, an experiment involving dictionary generation and SRAM testing was conducted. The test results were compared against simulated bitmaps, and the differences were analyzed using failure analysis. The results obtained confirmed that defect simulation-based diagnosis can be very effective. It can also be enhanced if appropriate SRAM designs, testing strategies and defect models are chosen.<<ETX>>


In the case of low permeability reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing is a completion strategy that increases the contact between the well and the reservoir that finally will increase the well production. Fracture propagation is a result of the interaction of different physical processes like creation of new surface (fracture toughness), fluid flow in the fracture and porous media and their interaction, fracture geometry, rock elasto-plastic behavior, pre-existing fracture sets and in situ stress.


Lifting device of a vehicle axle connecting the hanger bracket with the suspension arm to raise or drop down a shaft of a vehicle. The lifting device is formed by a lower support, an upper support, an intermediate support and a support bar with an oval longitudinal slot provided in the intermediate support and aligned holes disposed in the lower support allows its use in different variants a model of suspension present anchoring holes on the sides of the suspension brackets.


Hydrolaetare schmidti (Cochran & Goin, 1959) is 1 of 3 species of a genus that has a disjunctive distribution in the Amazon basin and is considered to be rare. Herein, we present the new records of H. schmidti from Amapá State, Brazil. This new record establishes the fifth known occurrence for H. schmidti and fills a gap of about 295 km in the distribution of the species, between Ouanari (French Guiana) and Tumucumaque Mountains National Park, Anacui River, municipality of Serra do Navio (Amapá).


We report on the development of the modular neural system "SEE-EAGLE" for the visual guidance of robot pick-and-place actions. Several neural networks are integrated to a single system that visually recognizes human hand pointing gestures from stereo pairs of color video images. The output of the hand recognition stage is processed by a set of color-sensitive neural networks to determine the cartesian location of the target object that is referenced by the pointing gesture. Finally, this information is used to guide a robot to grab the target object and put it at another location that can be specified by a second pointing gesture. The accuracy of the current system allows to identify the location of the referenced target object to an accuracy of 1 cm in a workspace area of 50×50 cm. In our current environment, this is sufficient to pick and place arbitrarily positioned target objects within the workspace. The system consists of neural networks that perform the tasks of image segmentation, estimation of hand location, estimation of 3D-pointing direction, object recognition, and necessary coordinate transforms. Drawing heavily on the use of learning algorithms, the functions of all network modules were created from data examples only.


. The classical Whitney extension theorem describes the trace J k | X of the space of k -jets generated by functions from C k ( R n ) to an arbitrary closed subset X ⊂ R n . It establishes existence of a bounded linear extension operator as well. In this paper we investigate a similar problem for the space C k Λ ω ( R n ) of functions whose higher derivatives satisfy the Zygmund condition with majorant ω . The main result states that the vector function (cid:126) f = ( f α : X → R ) j α j(cid:20) k belongs to the corresponding trace space if the trace (cid:126)f | Y to every subset Y ⊂ X of cardinality 3 · 2 (cid:96) , where (cid:96) = ( n + k − 1 k +1 ), can be extended to a function f Y ∈ C k Λ ω ( R n ) and sup Y | f Y | C k Λ ω < ∞ . The number 3 · 2 l generally speaking cannot be reduced. The Whitney theorem can be reformulated in this way as well, but with a two-pointed subset Y ⊂ X . The approach is based on the theory of local polynomial approximations and a result on Lipschitz selections of multivalued mappings.


The purpose of the present research is the study of the association amidst the practices of electronic procurement and its impact on supply chain performance. We analyzed four prime practices of e-procurement that known as electronic design, electronic sourcing, electronic negotiation, and electronic evaluation. Data was collected from 239 respondents doing jobs related to supply chain management using the Likert scale Questionnaire that was adopted from (Chang, Tsai, & Hsu, 2013) The data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling as well as Confirmatory Factor analysis. The results suggested that electronic design and electronic evaluation shown a positive and significant impact on supply chain performance whereas, electronic negotiation and electronic sourcing didn't show a significant impact on supply chain performance. Hence, the findings imply that compare to electronic sourcing and electronic negotiation, electronic design, and electronic evaluation has more effect on supply chain performance. The administration must focus more on electronic design and electronic evaluation than electronic sourcing and electronic negotiation. Furthermore, the study advocates integration among supply chain members is equally important as to focus on joint learning practice because it leads to augment the supply chain performance. In addition, the study advocates that electronic procurement is at the side of the input of the supply chain system, therefore, it is more valuable for the industry to develop an innovative and effective process that satisfies all the needs of the organizational supply chain.


Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) is one of the promising approaches to provide road safety and to improve Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Due to unpredictable vehicle mobility and density, routing is a challenging issue in vehicular Ad hoc Networks. Especially safety information requires efficient mechanism for proper delivery of data to the destination with minimum latency and maximum throughput. The proposed scheme describes the safety information routing protocol for VANETs. The key idea behind the scheme is to build a stable routing protocol by considering the different parameters of vehicles (i.e. speed).


In this paper the configuration of some types of shock absorber is described and the indicator and damping characteristics of shock absorbers and the importance of riding matching to the riding smoothness and stability of motorcycles are analyzed.The future application of the automatic shock absorber is also analyzed.


I Stationary Processes.- 1. General Discussion.- 2. Positive Definite Functions.- 3. Fourier Representation of a Weakly Stationary Process.- Problems.- Notes.- II Prediction and Moments.- 1. Prediction.- 2. Moments and Cumulants.- 3. Autoregressive and Moving Average Processes.- 4. Non-Gaussian Linear Processes.- 5. The Kalman-Bucy Filter.- Problems.- Notes.- III Quadratic Forms, Limit Theorems and Mixing Conditions.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Quadratic Forms.- 3. A Limit Theorem.- 4. Summability of Cumulants.- 5. Long-range Dependence.- 6. Strong Mixing and Random Fields.- Problems.- Notes.- IV Estimation of Parameters of Finite Parameter Models.- 1. Maximum Likelihood Estimates.- 2. The Newton-Raphson Procedure and Gaussian ARMA Schemes.- 3. Asymptotic Properties of Some Finite Parameter Estimates.- 4. Sample Computations Using Monte Carlo Simulation.- 5. Estimating the Order of a Model.- 6. Finite Parameter Stationary Random Fields.- Problems.- V Spectral Density Estimates.- 1. The Periodogram.- 2. Bias and Variance of Spectral Density Estimates.- 3. Asymptotic Distribution of Spectral Density Estimates.- 4. Prewhitening and Tapering.- 5. Spectral Density Estimates Using Blocks.- 6. A Lower Bound for the Precision of Spectral Density Estimates.- 7. Turbulence and the Kolmogorov Spectrum.- 8. Spectral Density Estimates for Random Fields.- Problems.- Notes.- VI Cumulant Spectral Estimates.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Discrete Fourier Transform and Fast Fourier Transform.- 3. Vector-Valued Processes.- 4. Smoothed Periodograms.- 5. Aliasing and Discretely Sampled Time Series.- Notes.- VII Density and Regression Estimates.- 1. Introduction. The Case of Independent Observations.- 2. Density and Regression Estimates for Stationary Sequences.- Notes.- VIII Non-Gaussian Linear Processes.- 1. Estimates of Phase, Coefficients, and Deconvolution for Non-Gaussian.- Linear Processes.- 2. Random Fields.- 3. Non-Gaussian Linear Random Fields.- Notes.- 1. Monotone Functions and Measures.- 2. Hilbert Space.- 3. Banach Space.- 4. Banach Algebras and Homomorphisms.- Postscript.- Author Index.


This study analyses the Swedish forest industry's response to the higher environmental demands regarding the electricity resource from 1990 to 2009. These changes are viewed as part of a wider tran ...


To provide a (touch pad below the electrode 12) single-layer touchpad. A touch pad includes a relatively transparent substrate (10), a first electrode provided on the substrate (12), and the detection electrode provided on the substrate. The first electrode and the detection electrode is made of a conductor, using a combination of the first electrode and the detection electrode, detecting the presence of a pointer in the zone, or the presence of multiple pointer at multiple zones simultaneously To detect. The first electrode and / or the detection electrode is formed so as to be visually detect the predetermined pattern on the display screen. .Field


Through the study on the 16 men and women athletes participating in the men's and women's horse-vaulting finals at the Sydney Olympic Games, the thesis reveals the characters of horse-vaulting competitions and the relationship among difficulties, types, landing techniques and stability. It shows that most horse-vaulting movement are determined by landing techniques. Difficulties of movement should comply with ability and can be raised on the basis of stable landing. On the types of movement, men athletes usually choose the instant push for good impression, while women athletes now incline to choose the hollow somersault turning body movement and land at the front after a jump into the air. Another key factor to win high score in horse-vaulting competitions is to emphasis the training of landing techniques.


To built faith of the natives of the nation towards government and the development of the nation and to establish strong democratic foundation at grass-root level, Panchayats were established which is the focus of present report. Being a largest democratic nation in the world, government needs to reach common man and a common man must be connected to government and must feel part he can play in the governance is possible through Panchayats, a foundation and a sign of a democracy. In present paper the researcher also discussed the literacy percentage of Jammu and Kashmir through with different census report. The study also focused on qualities of leadership and leaders. Here the researcher also discussed the role of educated and uneducated Panchs and Sarpanchs and discussed their ability, sensitiveness, their status in society and educational qualifications are also discussed. Impacts on developmental process of the society and suggestions to improve working of Panchayats and attracting people to participate, their decision making and role in the governance from grass-root level are the focus of the study.


There has been extensive wetland destruction throughout the world. Efforts at restoration have met with mixed results. To improve success rates, an analytical tidal marsh hydrology model was developed to investigate the causal relationship between a limited set of edaphic, tidal, topographic and climatological factors in determining the spatial and temporal subsurface hydrology characteristics of wetlands, While the model can be used to simulate the hydrology of many different types of wetlands, here it is used to demonstrate how various physical parameters affect the hydrology of tidal marshes. The results of a sensitivity anaIysis on the model demonstrate the importance of site morphology, substrate transmissivity, and porosity as the primary determinants of tidal marsh hydrology patterns. Because restoration practitioners have an opportunity to speci~ these characteristics when they develop restoration designs for a given site, specific management and restoration ideas are also presented.


Cell division in filamentous fungi involves coalescence and subsequent constriction of a contractile actomyosin ring (CAR), as in other fungi and metazoans. In fungi, constriction of the CAR is followed by deposition of cell wall material resulting in a septum. In the model organism, Aspergillus nidulans, many proteins are involved in septation including protein kinase C (PkcA), the formin SepA, the GTPase Rho4, and its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) called Bud3. In previous work we showed that PkcA both physically and functionally interacts with SepA. The formin SepA belongs to the Diaphanous‐related family of formins that contain an N‐terminal Rho binding domain that upon binding of the appropriate Rho GTPase results in formin activation. In A. nidulans Rho4 is likely the GTPase required for SepA activation. Reports from another group have shown that Rho4 and Bud3 work as a module that is required for septation to occur. The current study focuses on the relationship of the Bud3/Rho4 partnership with PkcA and SepA during polarized growth. Using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and overexpressing PkcA in Bud3‐ and Rho4‐null strains, we examined the relationships between PkcA and Rho4 and PkcA and Bud3. Through BiFC we found that PkcA and Rho4 interact at septation sites. Overexpressing PkcA in a Rho4‐null mutant strain increased colony diameter and improved sporulation. However, PkcA overexpression in a Bud3‐null mutant had no effect on growth and sporulation. These results suggest that there are physical and functional interactions between PkcA and Rho4 that are important in polarized growth.


The present invention is a solid oxide fuel cell, home reproduction, a method of manufacturing the same and relates to a solid oxide fuel cell using the same, surrounding the metal substrate, the metal substrate comprises a conductive ceramic protective layer, the ceramic protective layer is a pair of ceramic the solid oxide fuel cell home copying between the sheet that is formed by positioning and laminating the metal substrate is disclosed.


In order to examine the reliability and applicability of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Other Satellites Precipitation Product (3B42) Version 6 (TRMM-3B42) at basin scales, satellite rainfall estimates were compared with geostatistically interpolated reference data from 12 rain gauge stations for three consecutive years: 2005, 2006 and 2007. Gauge–TRMM-3B42 statistical properties for daily, decadal and monthly multitemporal precipitations were compared using the following cross-validation continuous statistical measures: mean bias error (MBE), root mean square difference (RMSD), mean absolute difference (MAD) and coefficient of determination (r 2) metrics. The averaged spatial–temporal comparisons showed that the TRMM-3B42 rainfall estimates were much closer to the geostatistically interpolated gauge data, with minimal biases of −0.40 mm day−1, −1.78 mm decad−1 and −6.72 mm month−1 being observed in 2006. In the same year, the gauge and TRMM-3B42 rainfall estimates marginally correlated better than in 2005 and 2007, with the daily, decadal and monthly coefficients of determination being 82.2%, 93.9% and 96.5%, respectively. The results showed that the correlations between the gauge-derived precipitation and the TRMM-3B42-derived precipitation increased with increasing temporal intervals for all three considered years. Quantitatively, the TRMM-3B42 observations slightly overestimated the precipitations during the wet seasons and underestimated the observed rainfall during the dry seasons. The results of the study show that the estimates from TRMM-3B42 precipitation retrievals can effectively be applied in the interpolation of missing gauge data, and in the verification of precipitation uncertainties at the basin scales with minor adjustments, depending on the timescales considered.


This study analyzes the energy situation of Bhanu Municipality, Tanahun, Nepal and deals for future energy projection and sustainable energy planning. Municipality occupies an area of 184 sq. km. This research is mainly based on primary data and supported by secondary data from various sources. For collection of primary data, 152 random household samples were surveyed and the locals were interviewed on their annual consumption. Data analysis was done with the help of excel and LEAP software. Major energy sources in the Municipality are forests, water resource, agricultural residues, animal dung and solar. Analysis shows that the total energy consumption of Bhanu municipality is 635.67TJ with per capita consumption is 12.69 GJ. The main fuel for cooking in the residential sector is firewood with share of  80% due to easily accessible from private, government and community forests which covers 38% of the municipality area. Lighting is done through grid electricity, almost 98% of the households has access to Grid. The analysis was made through different scenarios in LEAP i.e., Low Carbon Emission Scenario, Efficient Cooking Scenario, Efficient Lighting Scenario based on Municipal plans and Sustainable Goal 7.Low emission scenario is the policy intervention scenario in which electrification of end use demands is done for limiting the GHGs emissions.


For the formation of solder bumps with a fine pitch of 130 μm on a printed circuit board substrate, low‐volume solder on pad (LVSoP) technology using a maskless method is developed for SAC305 solder with a high melting temperature of 220°C. The solder bump maker (SBM) paste and its process are quantitatively optimized to obtain a uniform solder bump height, which is almost equal to the height of the solder resist. For an understanding of chemorheological phenomena of SBM paste, differential scanning calorimetry, viscosity measurement, and physical flowing of SBM paste are precisely characterized and observed during LVSoP processing. The average height of the solder bumps and their maximum and minimum values are 14.7 μm, 18.3 μm, and 12.0 μm, respectively. It is expected that maskless LVSoP technology can be effectively used for a fine‐pitch interconnection of a Cu pillar in the semiconductor packaging field.


The utility model discloses an automatic cleaning and filtering device. The automatic cleaning and filtering device comprises a material collecting box and a transmission device, wherein the transmission device comprises a motor, a filtering roller, silica gel sealing rings, a left side plate and a right side plate, wherein the left side plate and the right side plate are arranged above the material collecting box; the filtering roller is connected between the left side plate and the right side plate; one end of the filtering roller is connected with the motor; a plurality of grooves are formed in the surface of the filtering roller side by side; each silica gel sealing ring is arranged in the corresponding groove; the distance between every two silica gel sealing rings is 1-3 mm. According to the automatic cleaning and filtering device, the silica gel sealing rings are used for filtering, juice flows into the material collecting box from a gap between every two silica gel sealing rings, and pulp is filtered above the silica gel sealing rings and enters a waste material drum from one side along with the rotation of the silica gel sealing rings, so that a good filtering function is achieved, the pulp of a juiced fruit is separated from the juice in time, the filtering device cannot be plugged, and the automatic cleaning and filtering device is simple in structure and convenient to use.


A study of oxygen atoms' interactions on a GaAs (001) structure surface shows that these atoms are getting adsorbed onto the surface, form an oxide layer, and over time its thickness increases. This oxide layer hinders the injection of electrons and the holes from the metal layer to the semiconductor, thus affecting the photoelectroluminescence and the work of Metal-oxide-semiconductor diodes. These studies also examine the growth rate of oxide layers on the surface of the structure with different deposition degrees (400 ◦C, 630 ◦C) of cover layers and the extent of the oxygen atoms' penetration into the structure.


Malaria remains one of the leading health issues threatening development in many parts of the world. In 2000, 189 countries adopted the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Among these MDGs is a goal to fight the spread of malaria. Accordingly, international communities have gone to developing countries in order to implement preventive measures against malaria. Although there are many ways of preventing people from contracting malaria, the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) has gained attention as one of the best anti-malaria practices. International efforts utilizing LLINs in malaria stricken areas are currently growing. With regard to analyzing international efforts to spread LLIN usage in malaria stricken countries, this paper investigates two cases: in Tanzania, A to Z Textile Mills Ltd. and its cooperators; and in Bangladesh, BASF Grameen Ltd. and Grameen Group. In both cases the lead entities locally produce the LLINs and then supply the locally produced LLINs to communities using set distribution lines. In Tanzania, the LLIN this paper will examine is the Olyset® net, and in Bangladesh, the Interceptor® net (also known locally as "Auschorjo Moshori"). However, there is a significant difference between these two cases regarding the distribution approach of the LLINs to the local people. This paper focuses on this distinction and discusses which case is more successful in distributing the nets to combat the problem of malaria.


The first striking feature about ankylosing spondylitis is its increased incidence in men. The second is the relatively early age of onset, particularly when compared with rheumatoid arthritis. Most cases start before the age of 30 years. Mathematical analysis of the sex and age distribution of the disease suggests that it is a spontaneous, disturbed tolerance, autoimmune disorder that is initiated by three independent random events. On anatomical and other considerations it is possible that the primary autoantibodies in this and related diseases, where the target tissue lies behind a blood-tissue barrier, should be found in the oM2-macroglobulin fraction (P R J Burch, personal communication).


Summary To reduce the inapplicability of binary state models in system reliability analysis, fuzzy multi-state reliability allocation model is presented in this paper. In the presented model, the fuzzy concept and multi-state reliability theory are integrated based on the state detection technology of diesel engine, and take the technology and economy into account at the same time. Fuzzy multi-state reliability theory was analyzed in detail firstly. Then, the system states allocation and optimization model were established. In the diesel engine fuel supply system which includes the fuzzy components, components' states were represented by the functional characteristics, equivalence classes founded by using lower boundary Points, and the system states were allocated in minimum cost situation at last. Finally, an example was given to verify the effective of the proposed model.


The trace elements of iron,manganese,copper,zincum,nickel and chromium in ligusticum chuanxiong hort were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry.The trace elements were rich in ligusticum chuanxiong hort and the content of iron is higher than the other elements,its content is 439.9415±10.8599μg·g-1.The analytic results provided a useful data for using Chinese herbal medicines and provided theoretical basis for studying Chinese herbal medicines.The atomic absorption spectrometry is the accurate and convinente method for the trace elements.


Download Dentistry Download [DOWNLOAD BOOKS] Diagnostic Imaging Head And Neck PDF Download Dentistry .PDF. You can download and read online PDF file Book Diagnostic Imaging Head And Neck PDF Download Dentistry only if you are registered here.Download and read online Diagnostic Imaging Head And Neck PDF Download Dentistry PDF Book file easily for everyone or every device. And also You can download or readonline all file PDF Book that related with Diagnostic Imaging Head And Neck PDF Download Dentistry book. Happy reading Diagnostic Imaging Head And Neck PDF Download Dentistry Book everyone. It's free to register here toget Diagnostic Imaging Head And Neck PDF Download Dentistry Book file PDF. file Diagnostic Imaging Head And Neck PDF Download Dentistry Book Free Download PDF at Our eBook Library. This Book have some digitalformats such us : kindle, epub, ebook, paperbook, and another formats. Here is The Complete PDF Library


Non-normalized log probability is assigned to data samples by energy-based models (EBMs). Applications for this functionality include image synthesis, data denoising, sample restoration, outlier identification, and Bayesian inference. Long mixing times for high-dimensional datasets are a common problem for MCMC-based sampling techniques. Some methods for scaling MCMC-based EBM training with continuous neural networks have been proposed to obtain better sampling than previous likelihood models and approaches similar to modern GAN approaches without experiencing mode collapse. This study suggests a novel approach called Cyclical Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics for enhancing MCMC sampling of EBMs due to the cost of mixing times. On the MNIST dataset, we discovered that Cyclical SGLD is faster than Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics (SGLD) and even more effective and reliable at producing realistic images.


To the Editor : Rape is a serious violent crime. In South Africa in 1994, 44 751 rape cases were reported to the police, increasing to 54 926 in 2006. Of the rape victims in South Africa, a third are young girls. Investigations strongly emphasise the importance of rape educational programmes. Our investigation was conducted before the amendment of Act 32 of 2007 regarding the legal definition of rape and related sexual offences was accepted and implemented.
We aimed to determine the knowledge of post-rape procedures and guidelines among first-year female students living in a residence on campus at the University of the Free State (UFS), and how/where this information was acquired; evaluate the efficiency of existing educational campaigns and programmes; and, if necessary, outline new programmes that could be implemented.
Our study showed that the distribution of existing rape guidelines is inefficient. Respondents felt strongly that insufficient post-rape guidelines were available, and were eager to obtain adequate information. Since our sample consisted mainly of students who had recently matriculated, we concluded that precise post-rape guidelines should be addressed at school level.


The utility model belongs to the easy chair, particularly an easy chair with the vibratory sensation of music rhythm. The utility model is characterized in that the easy chair with the vibratory sensation of music rhythm is composed of an audio signal source, a signal processor, a vibrator and an easy chair. The output end of the audio signal source is electrically connected with the input end of the signal processor. The signal processor is electrically connected with the vibrator which is fixed to the easy chair. The easy chair with the vibratory sensation of music rhythm can act on the human body, and can generate vibration follow the change of infrasonic music rhythm and low sound frequency. People can listen music by lying on the easy chair, and can feel the massage mode of following the change of music rhythm simultaneously.


The text is devoted to the problem of social inequalities created by the fact of unequal participation in language resources. "Gutenberg Galaxy" created social inequalities by setting a caesura between the reader and the author. Scientism limits the ability of lay people to understand specialized scientific knowledge. The participation in the language of actors and spectator of social life also has a different character. Assuming that the human anthropological challenge is the striving for optimal adaptation (D. Hoffman), social communication and adaptation take place in the space of language. As components of language, metaphors enable such an individual meeting. Mid-range metaphors play a special role here.


Objective To evaluate the effect analysis of Kang-fuxin liquid joint Bei-fuji to oral recurrent aphthous ulcer. Methods Eighty cases of RAU patients were chosen and randomly divided into two groups,treaded separately with Kang-fuxin liquid joint Bei-fuji and chlorhexidine mouth rinse. Results The efficiency of Kang-fuxin liquid joint Bei-fuji was 95.0%,while the efficiency of chlorhexidine mouth rinse was 65.0%. Conclusion Kang-fuxin liquid joint Bei-fuji was an effective therapy for RAU, and it can be used extentively in clinical.


Abstract Hallucination is associated with a set of universal and redundant sensory phenomena which often include the appearance of anthropomorphic images. These are especially apparent through drug intoxication, a technique used by native shamans of tropical lowland South America to achieve ecstatic communion with spirits. The paper presents evidence for the ritual use of figurines as repositories for ecstatically contacted spirits. It is suggested that certain Early Formative stage archaeological figurines in western Ecuador may have had an analogous function in a prehistoric shamanic religion.


Apollo 11 lunar rock and fines shock induced and melting microstructural mineral damage, discussing meteorite bombardment, phases without melting and microbreccia


By simulated occluded corrosion cell (OCC) and simulated occluded solution methods, the chemical and electrochemical change within the OCC of austenitic 304 stainless steel which had deformation-induced martensite transformation were studied. Anodic polarizing occluded specimen was used to simulate reaction current between the outer and the interior of OCC. Contrasting to the experiment result of undeformed 304 stainless steel, the more martensite phase of the specimen, the quicker the pH of OCC solution fell and the more Cl - migrated into OCC. Results indicated that the martensite phase increased the electrochemical activity of the material and made corrosion potential changing negative and led to passive current density increase.


Standardization of data is always the bottleneck of restrict in the process of information construction of PLA,where classification and coding of data is the key points and difficulties.On the basis of the summary of existing classification and coding of data,the paper gives a 2D-classification method based on the business area and management level for nonstandard data format and low data utilization of data of UAV,on the basis of which,the paper design the coding of data of UAV.


The research,through the method of literature consultation,aims to build the Youth Olympic Games into a remarkable event.The experience gained from the Games,first Singapore Youth Olympic Games in particular,was employed to investigate the three core elements of the Games,the result of which was shaped into analysis of how the four road signs were constructed in the Games.It was drawn that the signs intended for guidance is featured with unambiguous focus with the work of propaganda carried out as extensively as possible.The road signs for manipulation are characterized by encouraging the participation while the signs for practical usage are to promote the communication.Finally,the signs for witness are to weigh the gain and loss.


Abstract The hazard of organic compounds discharged into the aquatic environment is generally based on their persistence, their toxicity to aquatic biota, and their potential for bioconcentration. In this survey we present a laboratory program that attempts to provide the basis for an advanced hazard assessment for organic compounds that integrates microbiological, chemical, and toxicological investigations. The aim was to develop a broad strategy that could be widely applied to organic xenobiotics, and chlorophenolic compounds were chosen as candidates for illustration. Emphasis is placed on the potentially adverse effects of transformation products, and on the importance of the sediment phase in mediating these reactions rather than serving merely as a sink. The conclusions have been validated by selected examination of field samples. It is suggested that, with minor modifications, the principles could be adapted to the terrestrial environment and incorporated into bioremediation programs.


Essential oils were proposed as natural additives to ensure food safety and quality in a more sustainable approach. The chemical composition of Thymus vulgaris essential oil (TV-EO) collected from Morocco, its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against different serotypes of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica was investigated. A mathematical model was implemented to predict the Salmonella behavior when exposed to TV-EO. In situ antimicrobial activity and sensory influence were tested in minced poultry meat experimentally contaminated with Salmonella and treated with TV-EO. Hydrodistillation was used to extract TV-EO, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis found thymol as the most representative compound. Results of the antioxidant activity showed an IC50 of 0.29 ± 0.04 mg/mL, EC50 of 0.74 ± 0.08 mg/mL, and RC50 of 0.59 ± 0.06 mg/mL. All the Salmonella strains were susceptible to TV-EO with performing results for the disc diffusion method (inhibition diameters ranged between 24 ± 0.4 mm and 32 ± 0.6 mm), determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC; 0.5%) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC; 1%), sublethal-injured cells (7.99 ± 0.08%), in situ activity (growth inhibition after 3 days), and meat sensory preservation (up to 1 week). The implemented mathematical model well fitted the Salmonella growth curve. TV-EO with significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities was suitable to ensure food safety and quality consistent with the new sustainable trends in the food field.


A modified reduction-diffusion (MRD) process at low temperature was performed on the microstructure and magnetic property of a base alloy nanopowder of Sm2Fe17 for high performance Sm2Fe17N3 magnetic materials. The Sm2Fe17 nanopowder with a particle size distribution of 100500 nm was synthesized by MRD process at 700°C. The measurement of magnetic property revealed that the Sm2Fe17 nanopowders had a saturation magnetization (Ms) of 128A·m2/kg and a high coercivity (Hc) of 91.8 kA/m. It is expected that the magnetic property of Sm2Fe17 nanopowder provides a superior base alloy material for fabricating high performance Sm2Fe17N3 magnetic materials by subsequent nitriding treatment. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2014152]


It seems that most work has been done for continuous time random variables. Our grouped time models that are used for inference are chosen to relate to these we known continuous time models. We have generalized by the cox (1972) model to include main unit variability to time model.


Seventh European Workshop on Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases 2012 Noordwijk aan Zee, The Netherlands, 28–30 November 2012 The European Workshop on Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases aims to exchange scientific knowledge and promote the collaboration between various disciplines (rheumatology, dermatology and gastroenterology) among physicians and scientists. This year ophthalmologists and neurologists were also present for the first time. The meeting revolved around the following topics: fibrosis, gene therapy in ophthalmology, functional genomics, challenges in human immunology, environmental factors, diabetes and metabolism, novelties in multiple sclerosis and innate lymphoid cells. The workshop was preceded by a masterclass that covered the last 15 years of IL-17/Th17 research and provided an overview on future therapeutics to battle immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.


The status,the main problems and their solutions of chrome tanning and chrome-free tanningwere reviewed.Then the prospect of oxazolidines and their modified products using in leather-making especially chrome-free tanning were discussedaccording to the introduction of the characteristics and utilizing status of oxazolidines nowadays.


Ascaris Lumbricoides is the most common worm found in human beings and it is the largest of the intestinal nematodes parasitizing humanity. The most common complication of Ascariasis is mechanical bowel obstruction caused by a large number of worms. Bowel obstruction can also be caused by various toxins released by the worms. A large worm bolus can also cause volvulus or intussusception. We report a case of Intestinal Obstruction due to an Ileal MZBCL in an Ascaris. Lumbricoides infestation setting.


This text describes the scientific medical atmosphere of Holland during century XVII, context in which the Cartesian model of body-machine is elaborated, and the intellectual relation that Descartes maintained with doctors and university professors (Harvey, among others). On the other hand, the text puts in evidence the traditional dualism attributed to Descartes, according to a detailed reading of his texts, in that the thesis of strict dualism is released by trialistic interpretations of authors like Monroy-Nasr.


C-Azidohydrazones 2 were synthesized from the corresponding C-chlorohydrazones 1 and submitted to thermal decomposition in boiling benzene. Various kinds of products were obtained due to competitive modes of evolution of first-formed nitrenes 13, namely hydrogen abstraction to form aminohydrazones 3 and benzotriazepine 8, and radical fragmentation to give ultimatively diaryls 4 and arylglyoxylate arylhydrazones 5. Ring-closed products, namely 1, 2, 4-triazoles 6 and imidazolones 7 were also formed.


This article draws on theories from knowledge and project management to develop an understanding of how knowledge sharing is encouraged and hindered in the context of a multifirm network assembled to execute an innovative shipbuilding project. The empirical data are based on a qualitative case study, collected from in-depth face-to-face interviews in China and Norway, with the key people from a ship owner, shipbuilder, and ship technology supplier. The research indicates three interesting findings: First, differences in organizational culture (not national culture) hamper knowledge sharing. Second, a strategic misalignment made knowledge sharing difficult. Third, protecting knowledge by patenting and secrecy barely influenced the knowledge sharing processes. Based on previous research and lessons learned from case study experience, we suggest a framework to analyze challenges and links in project networks.


Periodic diastrophism as it is understood by T. C. Chamberlin, R. T. Chamberlin, Schuchert, Willis, and most other writers, does not mean that diastrophism has only been locally periodic, but that periodicity has been world wide. The writer has no desire to attack the well-established idea of peneplanation and relative quiescence locally over long periods, but rather to challenge such statements as: "the earth has passed through periods of diastrophic activity alternating with periods of relative quiescence,"' and to replace this idea with the suggestion, that diastrophism has been continuous and that the crust has been constantly shortening to fit itself to a shrinking interior. Among American geologists the theory of periodic diastrophism is generally accepted, so that it is no small undertaking to attempt its overthrow. However, it seems to be of vital importance to a knowledge of the causes and modes of deformation of the earth's crust to know whether such deformation is continuous or intermittent. Also attempts to correlate geological time by diastrophism have been made. At least the subject should be critically examined. In the present article periodic diastrophism will be considered from three points of view. First, a brief examination of the times of diastrophism will be made to see where the gaps, if there are any such, occur in the diastrophic record. Secondly, the apparent concentration of diastrophism at a few times during the geological history will be considered. Thirdly, the idea of accumulation of strains within the earth over long periods before yielding will be questioned.


Terpenes and essential oils are materials of great commercial use due to their broad spectra of antibacterial, antifungal, membrane permeation enhancement and antioxidant biological properties, as well as for their use as flavors and fragrances. Yeast particles (YPs) are 3–5 µm hollow and porous microspheres, a byproduct of some food-grade yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) extract manufacturing processes, that have been used for the encapsulation of terpenes and essential oils with high payload loading capacity (up to 500% weight) and efficiency, providing stability and sustained-release properties. This review focuses on encapsulation approaches for the preparation of YP–terpene and essential oil materials that have a wide range of potential agricultural, food and pharmaceutical applications.


COPYRIGHT © 2023 Deng, Cai, Jin and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: The NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation and its related mitochondrial impairment in neurodegeneration


We present ROSAT PSPC and HRI observations of the dwarf irregular galaxy Holmberg II (UGC 4305). This is one of the most luminous dwarf galaxies (LX∼1040 erg s−1) detected in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. The X-ray emission comes from a single unresolved point source, coincident with a large H ii region that emits intense radio emission. The source is variable on both year and day time-scales, clearly favouring accretion into a compact object rather than a supernova remnant or a superbubble interpretation for the origin of the X-ray emission. However, its X-ray spectrum is well-fitted by a steep power law or alternatively by a Raymond–Smith spectrum with kT∼0.8 keV, lower than the temperature of X-ray binaries in nearby spiral galaxies.


Use of Tissue array was first applied in 1998, and has received a significant amount of attention from the research community ever since. In this technique, a large number (up to 1000) of cylindrical tissue core extracted from \"donor\" paraffin block are deposited into \"recipient\" block. The aim was modification of the technique of tissue array for manual preparation of the recipient block and production of slides of educational interest in histology and histopathology. The area of interest was localized with the help of stained section, the area was punctured, and the cylindrical core of tissue removed was then introduced into another (recipient) paraffin block. Puncture method was suitable only for parenchymatous organs (liver, kidney, heart, spleen, etc.) but longitudinal sections were required for tubular (gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, genital tract) and hollow organs (gallbladder, urinary bladder) and brain. The method described is of importance in procurement of materials for preparation of slides for educational purposes and in overcoming the shortage of these materials especially in the field of pathology African Journal of Health Sciences Vol. 13 (3-4) 2006: pp. 66-69


In order to replace the grapevine arch petate for grapevine overwintering,we observed the daily temperature in three grapevine arches structured by iron wire,branch and petate and mulched by bilayer plastic film and in burying soil in Turpan,Xinjiang,China in 2013 /2014 winter. The results showed that the minimum temperature were- 10. 7℃,- 11. 8℃,- 13. 8℃ and- 7. 6℃ respectively when the daily temperature was- 17.5℃ on the coldest day. During the cold period in winter,the temperature was the highest in burying soil,then in iron- wire and branch arches,and it was the lowest in petate arch. It was calculated that the temperature were- 15. 1℃,- 17. 1℃,- 17. 9℃ and- 11. 3℃ respectively when the extremely minimum temperature was- 25. 2℃. In whole winter,the accumulated temperature differences were 998. 7℃,1166. 6℃,1535. 5℃ and69. 7℃ respectively,and the accumulated temperature difference was the lowest in burying soil,then in iron-wire and branch arches,and it was the highest in petate arch. In whole winter,the average accumulated temperature were- 140. 6℃,- 59. 6℃,- 184. 3℃ and- 260. 8℃,and the grapevine germination dates were March 9,March 4,March 12 and March 27,respectively,the grapevine germination in iron- wire and branch arches was earlier than that in petate arch,and it in burying soil was 15 days or more later than that in grapevine arches mulched by plastic film. The grapevine germination date was related to the accumulated temperature and accorded with grapevine arches,that the branch arch was the best,then that of iron- wire arch,and then the petate arch. The grapevine germination under iron- wire and branch arches was earlier than that under petate arch,and the field operation of iron- wire arch was more convenient and easier than that of branch arch.


Background: An LC-MS/MS method has been evaluated for the measurement of angiotensin I (Ang1) enabling investigation of Plasma Renin Activity (PRA) for clinical research activities testing biomarkers of hypertension. Renin converts angiotensinogen to Ang1, which is subsequently converted to Angiotensin II (Ang2). Ang2 is a potent vasopressor and plays a central role in regulation of blood pressure. Measurement of Ang2 is challenging due to its low circulating levels and short half life. Ang1 is more stable, and therefore, a more suitable candidate to evaluate PRA. An analytical method was developed using µElution Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) in 96-well plate format, reducing sample preparation time and optimizing analytical sensitivity. Methods: Samples were treated with buffer containing; 0.5M sodium acetate pH 5.5, 18mM EDTA, 4mM PMSF and 0.02mM SBTI. Samples were incubated for 3 hours at 37°C to generate Ang1. Samples were diluted with Ammonium Hydroxide and Ang1- 13 C 515 N internal standard. SPE was carried out with a Waters ® Oasis ® MAX µElution 96-well plate, which negated the need for evaporation and allowed direct injection of the SPE eluate. Quantification was performed using a Waters ACQUITY UPLC I-Class system coupled with a Xevo TQ-S mass spectrometer. Results: The method was shown to be linear from 0.15 – 116 nmol/L for Ang1 (0.05 – 38.5 nmol/L/hr). Coefficients of variation for total precision and repeatability ≤ 10.0% (n = 30). Samples previously analyzed using immunoassay were compared and results from the LC-MS/MS


In carrying out the educational process, an educator must pay attention to the ethics of the educator with full awareness and responsibility. Imam al-Nawawi is one of the Islamic thinkers who pays attention to the importance of ethics for an educator. One of his thoughts on ethics is outlined in his book entitled Majmu 'Syarh Al-Muhadhdhab. In history, the book is actually a book of Fiqh which is used as a reference for scholars', but at the beginning of the book it is explained about the ethics of educators. The formulations in this study are: (1) How is the ethics of educators towards oneself in Islamic education according to Imam al-Nawawi ?, (2) How is the ethics of educators towards students in Islamic education according to Imam al-Nawawi ?, (3) What is the ethics of educators towards knowledge in Islamic education according to al-Nawawi? (4) How is the relevance of ethics of educators in Islamic education according to Imam al-Nawawi in the book Majmu 'Syarh Al-Muhadhdhab with the code of ethics of teachers in education ?. This research uses a qualitative descriptive analysis approach and the type of research is library research, with documentary techniques. The data analysis is content analysis. The conclusions of this study are (1) the ethics of educators according to Imam al-Nawawi is divided into three, namely: the ethics of educators towards themselves, towards students, and towards science, (2) the ethical thoughts of educators according to Imam al-Nawawi are relevant to the Law No. 14 of 2005 concerning Teachers and Lecturers.


Head-capsule measurements on larvae of Sitona lineatus (L.) collected on beans (Vicia faba) in southern England in 1980 showed that there were 5 larval instars. Final-instar larvae, pupae and adults showed some sexual dimorphism, the head-capsule width of female larvae being about 9% wider than that of males. The distance across the eyes of female pupae and adult females, respectively, was 10 and 12% more than that of the corresponding males.
RESP-9022


The present paper represents a contribution to the knowledge regarding the current taxonomy and distribution of the rarely collected genus Megaphragma Timberlake. Genus Megaphragma Timberlake (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is newly recorded from Romania. In our paper we provide illustrations that will help species identification. Regarding species habitat and hosts some notes are also given.


ABSTRACT Culture-independent and -dependent methods were used to evaluate the genetic diversity of hexavalent chromium-resistant bacteria in contaminated soils. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) showed that hexavalent chromium-resistant bacteria in contaminated soils had significant structural diversity that was not related to the concentration of hexavalent chromium, while the diversity of soil bacterial communities was correlated with soil pH. Twenty-two chromium-resistant bacterial strains were isolated from contaminated soil, including members of Brevundimonas, Micrococcus, Exiguobacterium, Alcaligenes and Pannonibacter. Repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction showed that the BOX- primer produced the more complex banding patterns than the ERIC- and REP- primers, indicating a high degree of genotypic diversity. These bacterial strains varied in ability to reduce hexavalent chromium. Pannonibacter reduced 300 mg·L−1 of hexavalent chromium in solution within 24 h. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) analysis revealed that Cr(OH)3, Cr2O3, and CrCl3 composed approximately 83.51% of the total chromium in the reduction product.


This study explores the experiences of batik craftsmen regarding capacity transformation during the COVID-19 pandemic and the challenges of batik craftsmen to industry 4.0. A case study is defined as a research approach. Data were collected through observations and interviews with well-known batik owners (medium level) in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. The capacity transformation that they have carried out has become a recommendation for batik craftsmen at the micro and small levels. The data were analyzed thematically with the help of NVivo through the stages of open coding, axial coding, and generic coding. The findings of this study resulted in the concept of transformation of batik craftsmen influenced by the motivation by the owner, shifting motifs and motif innovation according to the needs, production processes and technology involvement, marketing strategies and marketing or digital marketing evaluations. The batik sector at the small and micro levels needs to pay attention to the transformation aspects of medium-level batik craftsmen.


Purpose:
 Lack of physical activity after stroke results in increased risk of stroke recurrence and other health problems. While some survivors receive physical therapy (PT), it is often discontinued within a year. Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) is a community exercise program for people with cardiac dysfunction; however, stroke is not a covered diagnosis despite high cardiovascular risk. CR for stroke survivors is an opportunity to bridge the gap between PT and community physical activity. The study evaluated the impact of CR participation on stroke survivors.

 Materials and Methods:
 A pilot study was completed at a phase 3 CR facility. Participants were screened for eligibility and entered the CR program (3 x per week for 12 weeks) with an aerobic fitness focus. Individual outcomes were taken pre- and post-program, and 6-months follow up. Program impact was measured by paired t-tests (24 participants) and repeated measures ANOVA (18 participants) for 6-month follow up.

 Results:
 Twenty-four participants completed the study. Participants were 79% (19/24) male with an average age of 62.2 years old (range 33.5 -81.5) with a time since stroke of 29.7 months (range 3-123). Most participants (20/24) were community ambulators at the start of the study (six-minute walk test (6MWT) > 288 m).

 Pre-Post Program:
 The six-minute walk test (6MWT) (endurance) improved by 62 ± 66 m (p<0.005). The five times sit to stand test (5xSS) (strength) improved by 3.8 ± 5.8 sec (P=0.004). The Stroke Impact Scale Mobility Subscale improved by 7.3% ± 11.8%, (p=0.006), the Activities of Daily Living Subscale improved by 6.2% ± 9.9%, (p=0.006) and the Memory Subscale by 6.4% ± 14.7%, (p=0.043). Fast Walking Speed, Self-Efficacy and Exercise Outcome Expectation Scales improved with statistical significance but lacked clinical significance. No other outcomes had statistically significant changes.

 Six-month Follow up:
 At 6-month follow up, 89.5% (16/18) of participants were still exercising at least once a week. The CR program elicited statistically significant participant improvements over time in the 6MWT (p=0.001) and 5xSS (p<0.001). Post-hoc analysis revealed a statistically significant improvement from pre-program to 6-month follow up in 6MWT distance (66.52 ± 53.73m, p=0.013), 5xSS (-3.44 ± 2.20s, p=0.003) but not post-program to 6 months follow up 6MWT (-5.2 ± 26.4m, p=1.00) and 5xSS (-0.24 ± 1.69s, p=1.00) demonstrating maintenance of gains, but no additional gains.

 Conclusions:
 CR elicited meaningful improvements for stroke survivors (exceeding minimal clinically important differences) in walking endurance, strength, perceived memory and perceived mobility with gains maintained for endurance and strength at 6-month follow up. CR enhances exercise habits and physical activity through structured exercise after discharge from PT and may improve community participation.


In this paper by means of homotopy perturbation method an approximate solution of the steady magneto-hydrodynamics flow under slip condition over a permeable stretching sheet has been studied. The homotopy perturbation method (HPM) has been used to solve the governing non linear equation to derive an approximate analytical solution. The main feature of the HPM is that it produces analytic expression for the solution to nonlinear differential equations and the obtained analytic solution is in the form of an infinite power series. In this work the analytic solution obtained by using first two terms from HPM solution. The solution is given in a closed form equation and is an approximate solution of the full governing Navier–Stokes equations. The effects of the slip, the magnetic and the mass transfer parameters are discussed. Results show that there is only one physical solution for any combination of the slip, the magnetic, and the mass transfer parameters. The velocity and shear stress profiles are greatly influenced by these parameters.


This essay examines the significantly different approaches of John Rawls and Hannah Arendt to the problem of judgment in democratic theory and practice.


In this paper, we make a case for the need to carry out more culturally
appropriate research on ICT and teacher education in Africa generally and in
Uganda more specifically. We begin by examining the promise of ICTs and digital
literacies, and highlight the importance ascribed to ICTs for national development
and educational change. While agreeing that ICTs may have transformative
potential in developing countries, we argue that the much-hyped potential may not
be realized if the major focus of promoting ICTs in a developing country like
Uganda is merely to provide greater access to global information, rather than
encouraging local knowledge production for wealth creation. We frame our
argument with reference to the New Literacy Studies perspective of viewing
literacy as a social practice situated in a specific sociocultural context.


PURPOSE: To compare the safety, efficacy and cost effectiveness of sodium-bicarbonate mixed anesthetic mixture with hyaluronidase mixed mixture in peribulbar anesthesia for cataract surgery. MATERIAL AND METHOD: This prospective study was conducted on 50 patients admitted for cataract surgery in Department of Ophthalmology, U. P. Rural Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Saifai, Etawah. They were randomly and equally divided into two groups and received one of the anesthetic mixtures for peribulbar anesthesia. RESULTS: Results were analyzed according to systemic effects (blood pressure, pulse rate), local effects (conjunctival congestion, chemosis, lid edema, and intraocular pressure), time of onset of anesthesia, and its duration and cost burden. CONCLUSION: The study implied that there is clear picture which could be seen that sodium bicarbonate mixture is equally safe, equally effective and less costly as compared to hyaluronidase


Abstract Background Despite coronary artery disease (CAD) being the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in females, women still have been underrepresented in clinical trials. We have abundant data for young males with obstructive CAD, but there is scarcity of data for young females. Objectives To observe the presentation, disease pattern, risk factors, ventricular function, and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) efficiency in young females in comparison with young males with obstructive CAD who required PCI. Material and Methods We conducted a hospital-based retrospective study and analyzed the data of young patients (< 45 years of age) who had undergone PCI over the past 2 years. We observed the demographic profile, clinical findings, and investigative and treatment modalities in these patients. Results Total 200 young patients underwent PCI for obstructive CAD over a span of 2 years. Among these patients, 42 patients were females. In comparison to males, hypertension (43.7% vs. 69.1%, p = 0.008) was more among females, which was statistically significant. Smoking was predominant in young males than young females. Also, males presented as acute ST-elevation MI, whereas females presented with unstable angina or non–ST-elevation MI (NSTEMI). Multivessel involvement, LV dysfunction, success of PCI, and complication rates were similar in both the groups. Anemia was more predominant in females (< 11 g/dL) than in males (< 13 g/dL). Also, complexity of lesion on angiography (B2 or C type of lesions) was greater in females than males, which was statistically significant (p = 0.02). Conclusion Diabetes, hypertension, and other metabolic factors play a very important role in the onset of CAD in young women. NSTEMI and complex lesions showed greater predominance in females than in males in our study. However, the success and complication rate of PCI remained the same.


A new image recognition system based on multiple linear regression is proposed. Particularly, there are a number of innovations in image segmentation and recognition system. In image segmentation, an improved histogram segmentation method which can calculate threshold automatically and accurately is proposed. Meanwhile, the regional growth method and true color image processing are combined with this system to improve the accuracy and intelligence. While creating the recognition system, multiple linear regression and image feature extraction are utilized. After evaluating the results of different image training libraries, the system is proved to have effective image recognition ability, high precision, and reliability.


This study investigates the perception of English words produced by 45 native talkers presented in moderate noise to native Norwegian listeners. The relative intelligibility of individual talkers is compared with that obtained for native listeners in order to determine whether inherent talker clarity is determined by global acoustic-phonetic characteristics. Talker intelligibility was strongly correlated across native and non-native listeners; there was also strong correlation across groups as to the lexical items most often misperceived. Word intelligibility for both was correlated with certain acoustic-phonetic characteristics of the talker's productions, including amount of energy in the mid-frequency region and mean word duration.


Background:
 The benefits of physical activity, and specifically exercise, among older adults are well known. Yet, globally there is concern regarding limited engagement in physical activity and rising cases of obesity and frailty among older people with HIV (PWH). We explored the experiences and perceptions of PWH enrolled in the High-intensity Exercise study to Attenuate Limitations and Train Habits (HEALTH) study.

 Methods:
 Thirty-two participants were enrolled between February 2021 and August 2022. We conducted in-depth interviews among sedentary, older PWH in the ongoing HEALTH (NCT04550676) study. A semi-structured interview guide was informed by the two minds theory, which frames behavior change as an intention-behavior gap between two neurocognitive systems. The intuitive system, described as immediate or first reactions, optimizes behavior based on its expected consequences at the moment, whereas the narrative system produces beliefs about possible behavior in the future sequentially and thoughtfully. Interviews explored general exercise perceptions, self-efficacy for exercise, mobile health intervention tailoring, outcome expectations and goals for physical activity. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and a three-member study team employed deductive and inductive thematic analysis using Dedoose. The sample size provided sufficient data to reach saturation.

 Results:
 Physical activity was perceived as the ability to maintain daily living activities and address health goals such as becoming and maintaining physical fitness. Previous experiences with physical activity varied among participants and were influenced by chronic illnesses, motivation and interest in physical activity, and availability of social support. Congruent with the two-minds theory, participants reported intuitive-level experiences as barriers to physical activity. These include antiretroviral side effects, lack of self-confidence, and aging. COVID-19 was also noted as a significant barrier. Consistent with the narrative system, participants identified changes in health status, feeling better and having improved sleep, body changes (e.g., weight loss), and changes in relationships as reasons for and benefits of physical activity. Additionally, most participants reported lifestyle changes such as quitting substance use, diet changes, and changes to their social network, all of which helped sustain their increased physical activity. PWH felt that conversations with their healthcare providers supporting their exercise goals was critical to helping them engage in physical activity, but was rarely received.

 Conclusion:
 Understanding how older PWH experience and perceive physical activity is critical to developing tailored strategies and structuring service delivery within the healthcare setting to improve health by supporting a physically active life.


Fuzzy preference relations expressed by triangular norm are proposed in this paper. We establish outranking and non discordant relations based on fuzzy preferences and use arithmetic operator, maximum and minimum prerators to integrate and classify multiple criteria alternatives. We show this aggregation method satisfies consistency condition, satisfies non dictatorship in usual situations and doesn't satisfy independence of irrelevant alternatives condition. We point out the wrong conclusion ablut the independence in paper.


Introduction This article is an update of one that appeared in the April 2009 issue of The Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, titled "Utilization of Surplus Rural Labor in Developing Economies - a Model" (Errinton, 2009). The spreadsheet illustration, to make the case very strongly, was based on assumptions such as three shifts a day which may not apply to a real-life situation. Hence the introduction of flexibility, through parameterization in this article. The Basic Model The socio-economic model presented in this paper concerns utilization of surplus labor (the disguised unemployment phenomenon) in rural communities in developing economies. The economics in the model are very simple--a couple of wrinkles, but still very simple. The social considerations are less so. It is assumed that the families supporting the disguised unemployed want to be able to use this labor, which at present has zero or near zero opportunity cost, to leapfrog through time to a significantly better way of life. (Think of villages in India, which are aware of economic growth in which they are not sharing.) Moreover, these families are aware of the dangers of causing envy and resentment among the people in their vicinity who do not have such supported labor as a resource. The course of action taken by our collection of families is to induce a business to partner with them in establishing a particular kind of enterprise. The labor, the individual families, has shares in the enterprise, along with the business. This in lieu of wages. The enterprise is modestly sized to start with, but because of product/technology choice, scales upward without great difficulty according to an agreed-on investment schedule. The investment is done by the village families from most of the income from their shares, with the individual families acquiring an increasing proportion of the shares as the result. Basically, what is happening here is that the villagers are investing their surplus labor in their own job creation. Of particular interest from a national standpoint, the afore mentioned situation where villagers feel they are not sharing in economic improvement. Consider, for example, Indian national elections in recent years. From a regional standpoint, a region where substantial industrialization is taking place fairly nearby very densely populated rural areas (South Karnataka/Kerala?) Defusing Envy & Resentment The key initial decision, when planning was being done for the new enterprise, was that the participating families must not compete with ordinary wage earners. (Which they could do, very effectively, because of the family support.) But it would be terrible to undercut the wages of people who mostly have great need for all the wages they earn. The villagers realize that their plan should combine business with an acceptance strategy. The new enterprise must coexist decently with what is already there in the local economy. Although taking advantage of labor intensity, it should not decimate existing labor-intensive operations. The new industry should not pollute the village. Some charitable activity by the enterprise certainly would not hurt. It will be argued later that some of the workers' profits should go for present consumption (health and morale reasons) rather than being included in the investment schedule. But of course anything remotely ostentatious would be avoided, at least during the early years when working for acceptance. Meeting the Needs of Participating Families The usefulness of some present consumption should be recognized. Merely from a morale standpoint, it would be counter-productive to postpone all consumption. In fact, without some increase in present consumption, it could be argued that the villagers would never become interested in the new arrangement in the first place. Moreover, there is one area where more than morale is involved. …


The present invention relates to a real-time control system for coordinated control WAMS based multi FACTS, the management system includes a control communication connection sequence, and performs the control layer, the transport layer; that; the control layer comprises a transport control server and coordination FEP performing said layer system includes a power transmission connection with the FEP synchronized phasor measurement means and FACTS devices in coordination with the control server, the transport connection; coordinated control between the server and the coordinated control of FACTS devices is provided with a communication connection server communication system and a communication system FACTS devices. The control system to achieve coordination between the server and FACTS devices, real-time communication within the FACTS devices, to meet the current requirements of the multi-coordinated control of FACTS FACTS device response speed.


Steven Riley discusses the public health implications of a new prospective spatial cluster study of dengue transmission in a rural population in Thailand.


Organic agriculture is financially promoted in Sweden by special environmental support and as consumers we are all encouraged to buy organic food. At the same time scholars at the Swedish Universit ...


Background Almost one million prematurely born infants die annually from respiratory insufficiency, predominantly in countries with limited access to respiratory support for neonates. The primary hypothesis tested in the present study was that a modified device for bubble nasal continuous positive airway pressure (Bn-CPAP) would provide lower work of spontaneous breathing, estimated by esophageal pressure-rate products. Methods Infants born <32 weeks gestation and stable on Bn-CPAP with FiO2 <0.30 were studied within 72 h following delivery. Esophageal pressures during spontaneous breathing were measured during 2 h on standard Bn-CPAP, then 2 h with Bn-CPAP using a modified bubble device presently termed Seattle-PAP, which produces a different pattern of pressure fluctuations and which provided greater respiratory support in preclinical studies, then 2 h on standard Bn-CPAP. Results All 40 infants enrolled completed the study and follow-up through 36 wks post menstrual age or hospital discharge, whichever came first. No infants were on supplemental oxygen at completion of follow-up. No infants developed pneumothoraces or nasal trauma, and no adverse events attributed to the study were observed. Pressure-rate products on the two devices were not different, but effort of breathing, assessed by areas under esophageal pressure-time curves, was lower with Seattle-PAP than with standard Bn-CPAP. Conclusion Use of Seattle-PAP to implement Bn-CPAP lowers the effort of breathing exerted even by relatively healthy spontaneously breathing premature neonates. Whether the lower effort of breathing observed with Seattle-PAP translates to improvements in neonatal mortality or morbidity will need to be determined by studies in appropriate patient populations.


This article discusses the possible economic consequences of the introduction of international sanctions against Russia's accession to it in the Crimea. Emphasis is placed on a new and virtually unexplored issue of sanctions to minimize induced economic risks for Russian companies. The aim is to develop a theoretical justification and legal support mechanism for localization of economic markets, and the main research method is the historical and economic analysis of the effects of international sanctions in the various countries, especially in Iran. The study of three main types of threats posed by sanctions highlighted the most likely of them - the threat of targeted sanctions against businesses using the resources nationalized territory. It is shown that the risks of this type can be localized within the concept of "special economic zone", which involves the payment of compensation for the risk of such enterprises from the special fund management company area. For the implementation of the mechanism proposed for the law on free economic zones status of the company - a "special agent" special territory.


Interruption of third trimester pregnancy is advisable only in cases of dead fetus in utero in cases of high-risk pregnancy or in cases of real fetal distress. This article describes 77 such interruptions comparable to 0.8% of deliveries during the period examined. Labor was induced in 24 cases (16 cases of dead fetus in utero and 2 cases of anencephaly) with intraamniotic injection of Radioselectan. 59 more interruptions were done because of real or potential danger to the fetus; cesarean section was performed in 53 cases without induction of labor. Indications to perform cesarean section are precise and include a mother with diabetes cases of RH sensitisation hemorrhages and serious toxemias. Cesarean section was always performed if there appeared to be emission of meconium. Interruption of prolonged pregnancy for the convenience of the mother should always be avoided; a decision should be made solely on the basis of medical indications.


On the 27th July 2007 the SIGIR 2007 Workshop on Focused Retrieval was held as part of SIGIR in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Nine papers were presented in three sessions and in a fourth session there was a panel discussion. This report outlines the events of the workshop and summarizes the major outcomes.


An intelligent selecting type for vibrating feeder was designed on the case based reasoning by analyzing the process of selecting type for vibrating feeder. The paper described composing of design system and it showed the example of the system to explain its function.


Chronic suppurative otitis media, averaging 20 or more years of duration, has been associated with cancer in this region in 40%–80% of cases. Although human papillomaviruses (HPV) have been implicated in many human squamous‐cell neoplasms, their role in the pathogenesis of middle‐ear malignancies remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated the presence and subtypes of HPV in middle‐ear carcinomas. Formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tumor tissues were sampled for DNA extraction. PCR was done with consensus primers, capable of detecting HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 52b and 58. Typing of the products generated by consensus primers was performed with restriction enzyme digestion. It was found that a resulting 89% (8/9) of the middle‐ear carcinomas contained HPV DNA. Coexistence of HPV 16 and 18 was detected in 3 squamous‐cell carcinomas. HPV 16 was detected in 4 squamous‐cell carcinomas and I adenocarcinoma. The high prevalence of high‐risk‐type HPV in carcinomas of the middle ear suggests that viral infection may be an important etiologic component in the carcinogenic process. Int. J. Cancer 71:208–212, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Recently Software infringement disputes are on the increase. Copyright owner usually calls for excessive damages in case of Software infringement. The...


Source identification of water inrush in tunnel is quite important to water flow predication and prevention and cure on groundwater inundation.In order to offer scientific reference to the departments of construction and management,Support Vector Machines is introduced to build a model to identify source of groundwater inrush in tunnel,based on the chemical information of groundwater inrush in tunnel and its possible sources.Application of this model to the Tongluoshan tunnel in Dianjiang to Linshui expressway reveals that the karst water-bearing system in the Jialingjiang formation and Leikoupo formation is the major supplier rather than the water-bearing system in the factured Xujiahe formation,due to the difference of the water abundance.This conclusion corresponds to the phenomena reflected by dynamic monitoring of surface water,wells and springs,as well as water flow from mines,indicating that SVM is valuable to source identification of water inrush in tunnel.