Yala National Park, in south-eastern Sri Lanka, is a complex of adjoining natural reserves covering a large forested area partly open to tourists (Figure 1). The park is surrounded by a wide swath of shrub jungle that serves as a buffer zone separating the protected lands from the nearest rural villages. There have long been disputes over access to natural resources in this region, but they became more heated after 2009 when the state finally emerged victorious from a long civil war with Tamil separatist rebels, established in the north-eastern territories. With the conflict resolved, the government was able to repackage the country as a new Asian destination for international tourism.


This article attempts to describe the sexual and reproductive experiences of working women in Argentina, seeking a nexus in the tense maternity- working woman relationship that fundamentally characterizes the period 1900-1940. The main objective of the writing is to analyze the ways in which society regulated the female duty, naturalizing the motherhood that was endorsed by the scientific and cultural mandates of the time. We observe this through a bibliographic review that allows to give some visibility to the subject, both by the research strategies used, and by the theoretical analyses carried out. In short, we will start from devising the female-mother binomial as a social construct that crossed beliefs prevented the full enjoy of their civil, social and political rights.


A switched-capacitor (SC) version of an FDNR-like second-order time-dependent capacitor in p-domain is obtained by using two building blocks each offering two-terminal negative input impedance. The two-terminal compound block is used to illustrate the synthesis of various switched-capacitor transfer functions.


Summary The motion caused by a source of finite extent, of an applied force and a double force in an elastic half-space is obtained and compared with the motion caused by a point source. While in previous finite difference calculations for solid elastic media the source had to be located in the interior of a homogeneous region, the present scheme allows models in which the source is located on a surface, interface, or within a heterogeneous medium. Volume, line and surface sources are included.


Products from the reaction of selenium dioxide with 2-mercapto-(2-MP) and 6-mercapto-purines (6-MP) were studied. The molar ratio of selenium dioxide to mercaptopurines was evaluated from u.v. absorption spectra obtained according to a modification of the method of continuous variations. From the results of the stoicheiometric calculations the products were shown to be seleno-trisulphides and -disulphides. From electrophoretic data equilibrium constants were computed for both reactions. In the presence of an excess of 6-MP the derived selenotrisulphide was stable in alkaline solution.


Two or three thousands foreigners visited masonic lodges in Eighteenth century France. Among them, were several dozens of aristocrats, artists, students and diplomats from the Baltic Area. At the instigation of Ernst-Fredric yon Walterstoiif, a Danish diplomat, a new masonic lodge in Paris, la Reunion des Etrangers was dedicated to them. It became rapidly one of the most famous and classy of the numerous Parisian lodges. The foreign noblemen and tourists who visited its temple used the lodge's correspondence and friendship network as a logistic support abroad, during their peregrination in France. The masonic certificate given by la Reunion des Etrangers was a unique passport to the aristocratic structures of sociability, and a precious key for the integration to the French society. But with the decline of the cosmopolitan ideal and the rise of nationalism, the Parisian lodge became suspect in the eyes of the regime during the Revolution and the First Empire. It changed its name for Marie-Louise, the Austrian wife of the Emperor, symbolizing the renunciation to the political neutrality of the enlightened freemasonry and to the ideal of cosmopolitanism.


Liand Naorganic rechargeable secondary batteries using bisnickel(II) meso-mesityloctaphyrin(220.127.116.11.220.127.116.11), exhibiting high thermal stability and multiple oxidation states with extended π-conjugation pathways, as the active electrode material. The significant contribution of the pseudocapacitive processes over the diffusion-controlled processes proceeding in the cells induces fast charge/discharge performances and long-term cyclability. RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES


The invention discloses a handheld malaxation massage device which comprises a drive disc, a guide disc, at least one guide groove and supporting columns. The drive disc can be driven to rotate through a drive device. The drive disc is provided with a rail on the outer side of the rotation center of the drive disc. The rail is of an annular structure with a change curvature. The guide disc is right opposite to the drive disc. The guide grooves distributed circumferentially along the rail are formed in corresponding rail positions. The supporting columns correspond to the guide grooves in a one-to-one mode, one end of each supporting column is embedded in the rail in a sliding mode, the other end of each supporting column penetrates through the corresponding guide groove, massage heads are arranged, and the supporting columns can be limited in the guide grooves and swing along the guide grooves. The handheld malaxation massage device can be used for massage in a malaxation mode, the structure is novel and compact, and the massage device has the advantages of being convenient to operate, reliable in transmission, good in comfort and the like.


---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract: This paper grants a smart technique called Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference controller (ANFIS) to optimize the performances of photovoltaic techniques. The method consists of a PV panel, a DC–DC booster converter, a maximum power point tracker controller and a resistive load. ANFIS methodology comprises of a hybrid system of fuzzy logic and neural network technique. The fuzzy logic takes into account the decision making based on the rules and uncertainty of the system that is being modeled while the neural network gives it a sense of adaptability. The important thing of the proposed strategy is the use of a ANFIS controller is trained to generate maximum power corresponding to the given solar irradiance level and temperature. The performances of the ANFIS are compared with those obtained using a conventional Adaptive fuzzy controllers with different gains and in each case, the proposed ANFIS controller outperforms its conventional counterpart.


The Chinese Wushu centers around skills on which individual needs and goals can be achieved. When skills are perfectly combined with the needs of the individuals and the society,when truthfulness and goodness are displayed by Wushu,beauty of Wushu can be fully shown. Thus the unification of truthfulness,goodness and beauty of Wushu is achieved.


The vegetation index of cropland to forest in area scale is less than that in catchment scle, but it has more variance. To come near significant and significant positive correlations between species richness and evenness, species diversity and evenness, soil organic matter and total nitrogen were revealed at two scales and habitats studied. Different spatio-temporal patterns of vegetation characteristics and soil properties of cropland to forest were found, but no significant correlations between werre observed in two scales. These results indicated vegetation characteristics and soil properties of cropland to forest were controlled by others environental factors or interferential process. These factors or interferential process resulted in spatio-temporal variance vegetation characteristics and soil properties of cropland to forest.


Abstract The reaction of triorganotin chlorides with sodium dialkyl thiophosphites proceeds to completion on refluxing the reactants in a 1:1 molar ratio for about ten hours. Similar reactions of triorganotin chloride with dialkyl thiophosphonate do not give comparable yields in the presence of triethylamine. The products formed are colorless volatile liquids having pungent odour, are miscible with common organic solvents and are found to be monomeric. Exposure of these compounds to atmospheric oxygen the thiophosphite [Sn-S-P] linkage was oxidized to a thiophosphate [Sn-O-P(S)] linkage. These complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight determination, IR, 1H NMR and 31P NMR spectral data.


Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy in women ofreproductive age with primary features of infertility, menstrual irregularity, and clinical or biochemicalevidence of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, acne and high androgen level). Vitamin D has a role in thedevelopment of metabolic and endocrine abnormalities in PCOS mediated by insulin resistance.Objective: Measure serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome andcompare their levels with age and body mass index matched healthy controls. Also, assess thecorrelation between insulin resistance and 25-hydroxy vitamin D among women with PCOS.Subjects and Methods: Eighty eight women were involved in this study with age range (18-34 years).Subjects were divided into two groups: Group 1- forty five women with PCOS and Group 2- forty threewomen without PCOS (as controls).Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D, insulin, free testosterone, Luteinizing hormone (LH), Follicle stimulatinghormone (FSH) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while serum calciumand fasting serum glucose were measured by spectrophotometer.Results: Significant increase in mean value of fasting serum glucose, insulin, homeostatic modelassessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), LH, LH/FSH ratio, and free testosterone with significantdecrease in mean value of serum FSH, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, and calcium for patients with PCOScomparing to age and body mass index match controls. Additionally, significant negative correlationswere found between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels with fasting serum glucose (r= -0.484, p=0.01),fasting serum insulin (r= -0.422, p=0.04), and HOMA-IR (r= -0.542, p=0.0001) in women with PCOS.Conclusion: Vitamin D has a role in metabolic and hormonal disturbance seen in PCOS through impactof vitamin D on insulin releasing and function.


With the advent of networked computer systems that connect disparate computer hardware and operating systems, it is important for port simulation systems to be able to run on a wide variety of computer platforms. This paper describes the design and implementation issues in reengineering the PORTSIM model in order to field the model to Windows-based systems as well as to Unix-based systems such as the Sun, Silicon Graphics, and HP workstations. The existing PORTSIM model was written to run on a Sun workstation running Unix. The model was initially implemented in MODSIM and C and utilized embedded SQL to retrieve port, ship, and cargo data from back-end OMCLE databases. Output reports, graphs, and tables for model results were written in C, utilizing third-party graphics libraries. This design and implementation worked well for the intended hardware platform and configuration, but as the number of model users grew and as the capabilities of the model expanded, a need developed to field the model to varying hardware configurations. This new requirement demanded that the existing design be modified to more easily allow for model fielding and maintenance. A phased approach is described that (1) identifies the existing model from which cross-platform development began,more » (2) delineates an intermediate client-server model that has been developed utilizing Java to allow for greater flexibility and ease in distributing and fielding the model, and (3) describes the final goals to be achieved in this development process.« less


What disappointed me was chapter 15, "Postscript: Revolt, Resistance, and Gender in the Muslim World." Consisting of seven pages, it seems to draw on some of the recently-published articles and books on the subject but does not cite any sources at all. Moreover, Keddie is not clear on the meaning and use of the concept of gender in her work—that is, whether it has any theoretical status and a place in the causes and effects of revolutions and resistance movements (which seems unlikely, given that gender issues have not been discussed in any of the previous chapters), or whether it simply means what women do and what happens to them, especially with respect to Islamist movements. If it is the latter, some mention should have been made of what is probably the most audacious feminist and anti-fundamentalist movement in the Muslim world today—that of Algeria.


The content of bromate in wheat flour was determined by ion chromatography method.The sources of uncertainty of measurement were analysed.The test indicate that when bromate in wheat flour was 0.42mg·kg-1,the expended uncertainty was 0.08mg·kg-1(k=2).


We present 132 h of new time-series photometric observations of the (cid:100) Scuti star CD ¹ 24 7599 acquired during 86 nights from 1993 to 1996 to study its frequency and amplitude variations. By using all published observations we demonstrate that the three dominating pulsation modes of the star can change their photometric amplitudes within one month at certain times, while the amplitudes can remain constant within the measurement errors at other times. CD ¹ 24 7599 also exhibits frequency variations, which do not show any correspondence between the different modes. The typical time-scale for the amplitude variations is found to be several hundred days, which is of the same order of magnitude as the inverse linear growth rates of a selected model. We find no evidence for periodic amplitude modulation of two of the investigated modes ( f 2 and f 3 ), but f 1 may exhibit periodic modulation. The latter result could be spurious and requires confirmation. The observed frequency variations may either be continuous or reflect sudden frequency jumps. No evidence for cyclical period changes is obtained. We exclude precession of the pulsation axis and oblique pulsation for the amplitude variations. Beating of closely spaced frequencies cannot explain the amplitude modulations of two of the modes, while it is possible for the third. Evolutionary effects, binarity, magnetic field changes or avoided crossings cannot be made responsible for the observed period changes. Only resonance between different modes may be able to explain the observations. However, at this stage a quantitative comparison is not possible. More observations, especially data leading to a definite mode identification and further measurements of the temporal behaviour of the amplitudes and frequencies of CD ¹ 24 7599, are required.


56 malignant bone neoplasms (15 primary and 41 metastatic), diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy, are reported. 100% diagnostic accuracy was achieved. The results indicate that fine-needle aspiration biopsy can be a substitute for open surgical biopsy in selected cases.


This paper introduces the design of a novel near-field focused metasurface antenna utilizing space-time modulation technology. The antenna is capable of concentrating the radiated electromagnetic wave into a specific focal spot in the near-field region, making it ideal for use in a range of applications, such as sensing, imaging, and wireless power transfer. The holographic approach is utilized to synthesize the required amplitude envelope along the wave-guiding structure. Additionally, the space-time modulated (STM) metasurface antenna can cyclically on-off switch its meta-atoms to form an equivalent synthetic envelope along the length of the metasurface antenna aperture. The proposed STM metasurface antenna is validated through measurement results, which demonstrate its near-field focused capability.


Foucault's anti-modern effect - According to the author, two different approaches to modernity are now competing. The first one (coming from Schopenhauer and Nietzsche) underlines the irrational and voluntaristic nature of any moral code and political power. The second one (coming from Rousseau and Kant) grounds progress and legitimacy upon democratic, legal and moral universalism. Foucault's philosophy of life belongs to the first of these approaches. This is where the clash with Habermas, belonging to the second approach, becomes poignantly significant. At first, for Foucault, the power of sovereignty represses life, whereas insanity and madness preserve a transcendent meaning of liberation. Later on, life moulds the inside like a pleat of the outside, subjectivity becomes an effect of power. In Foucault's anti-humanism, Man and God die together like far gone delusions that are recaptured into nature. Schopenhauer's compassion becomes sharp diagnosis of the many tortures inflicted upon man's body, whereas Zarathustra's heroism becomes on the one hand neo-stoical aesthetics of existence and on the other political revolutionary anarchism.


Based on 394 cases,this paper analyzes systemically suicide situation of Beijing in the Qing Dynasty,includ- ing elements such as suicide's name,sex,social status,as well as method and reason of committing suicide.It shows that there is a difference between a family of high standing and an ordinary one in terms of reason for committing suicide, the former often not reported facts due to privacy and the latter was mostly caused by poverty.The cases also show that a considerable proportion of suicide is resulted from psychological illness,which reveals that there was also mental illness such as depression(melancholia)and schizophrenia in a traditional society in a dynasty like the Qing and the cases were not in small number.It argues that the case study of suicide in Beijing reveals,in most case,a normal social situation and has a generality for that period d time.But,that situation was only more serious in urban areas,especially in a city like Beijing.


Fine structures in the thermoreflectance (TR) spectra of EuO and EuS in the ultraviolet region are ascribed for the first time to Wannier excitons in magnetic semiconductors. The characteristic temperature-induced splittings of the spectra of EuO and EuS at the ferromagnetic spin-ordering temperatures are successfully analyzed in terms of the exciton and the spin-polarization effect of the relevant one-electron bands, an s-like conduction and p-like valence bands, at the GAMMA point. The magnetic-spin-exchange energies, J/subc/ and J/subv/, between the localized Eu-4f electrons and the band electrons, the spin-orbit interaction energy lambda for the valence band, and the electron-hole spin- exchange energy $delta$ for the exciton are estimated. It is demonstrated that the TR measurements open a new aspect of the optical study of magnetic- semiconductor excitons which become an ideal probe for directly detecting the interaction between the localized-magnetic-spin system and the nonlocalized-Bloch- electron system in the magnetic semiconductors.


Student motivation is a key dimension for first year students at University. Project-based Learning (PBL) is seen as an effective teaching and learning approach to enhance student motivation and engagement. This paper describes the results from the implementation of a PBL project that was developed for a real context – a non-profit social organization that works with children. The project included, for the first time, two curricular units from the field of Psychology and Education Sciences, integrated in the first year of the study plan of the Social Education degree programme at Portucalense University, Portugal. The paper describes, on the one hand, the objectives, planning and assessment of the PBL experience from a curricular and pedagogic point of view and, on the other hand, presents students' perceptions about their PBL experience. Data collection was based on an online survey to students, at the start of the PBL project and after its conclusion, and a content analysis of the project reports of the groups. Findings reveal the importance of the development of the project for a real context and with a specific target audience as the main issues that enhanced student motivation and engagement in the courses involved in the project. Working in teams, the opportunity to develop generic competences, the stronger link between theory and practice, student resilience, teacher support and continuous feedback are also mentioned as important features of PBL that impact student motivation in the first year of University.


1 This study explores both sexual abuse experienced by boys, including sexual exploitation, as well as harmful sexual behaviour of boys. These are referred to collectively in the report as 'sexual violence'. The study uses a working definition of harmful sexual behaviour of children as 'sexual activity where one individual has not consented, or where their relationship includes an imbalance of power, for example due to age, intellectual ability, physical ability or impairment (disability), or physical strength'.1 By considering both sexual abuse of boys and harmful sexual behaviour of boys the aim is not to imply that one leads to the other in a deterministic way. In fact, boys who have experienced sexual abuse and boys who have been actors in harmful sexual behaviour share a number of indicators, as well as risk and resilience factors, which is one reason for considering both in this study. Another reason is that many of the interventions to address child sexual abuse and children's harmful sexual behaviour are delivered by the same service providers, although requiring different approaches. Finally, the study sought to understand whether and how social norms around gender and masculinity influence sexual abuse experienced by boys and harmful sexual behaviour of boys, which will be explored through primary research being carried out by Family for Every Child. To discourage the perception that sexual abuse is a cause of harmful sexual behaviour, the authors have strived to consider each independently of the other, while recognising that it is possible for boys to be both a victim of sexual abuse and an actor in harmful sexual behaviour.


The author studies properties of the Bordoni peak in 99,999 % gold. The following features are considered : influence of type and rate of coldwork on relaxation strength. After traction coldwork, the height of the Bordoni peak is roughly proportional to the rate of plastic deformation, relaxation features. The relaxation energies and attempt frequencies of the Bordoni peak are determined for poly — and single crystals. The broadening of experimental peaks is studied, effect of dislocation pinning on the Bordoni peak. One shows that the experience leads to a relation : Qmax-1 Λl2 where Qmax-1 is the height of the peak, Λ the dislocation density and l the mean loop length of dislocations which are implied in the phenomenon.


The invention provides an implementation method for a control of a slider, which comprises the following steps: a) creating and loading the control of the slider into a parent window; b) calculating the relative position of a sliding block in the slider according to operation information received by the parent window of the slider; and c) setting the relative value of the position of the sliding block into the control of the slider, calculating the coordinate of a starting point of the sliding block according to the set position value of the sliding block, and re-drawing the control of the slider. In the implementation method, when a user implements interactive operation, the control of the slider can send a message to the parent window, the relative position value of the sliding block is modified, and then the control of the slider re-draws the whole slider according to the position value of the sliding block after modification till the display of the relative position of the current record in the whole records. By adopting the implementation method, the user can conveniently and intuitively see the position of the record of the current operation, judge whether the records occur in front and behind the position, and conveniently determine whether a corresponding key can be moved continuously or not for checking the related record. The interface of the control of the slider is simple, attractive and elegant.


Although fatigue itself is considered to be a phenomenon in which the failure rate increases with time, it might be possible to have a case that the failure rate of a mixed population decreases monotonously with time even if failure is caused by fatigue. In order to make clear whether this is truely possible and thus to help proper understanding of field data, the time dependence of the failure rate of a mixed population has been investigated theoretically. This mixed population is composed of members each of which has been extracted from each own original (native) population, and each original population has the failure rate of h(t)*=w·h(t), where the function h(t) is common to all the populations and the coefficient w takes different values in different populations. From the study of time dependence of the failure rate of this mixed population, the following conclusions were obtained. (1) When the failure rate of each original population h*(t) has the property of dh*/dt≤0 for all t, the failure rate of the mixed population decreases monotonously with time. (2) When each original population has the Weibull-type failure rate h*(t)∝tα-1 with α>1, the failure rate of the mixed population does not decrease monotonously with time. This implies that, if fatigue is characterized by the Weibull-type failure rate with α>1, the failure rate of the mixed population subjected to fatigue does not decrease monotonously with time. (3) However, if each original population has the failure rate of the form h*(t)∝(tα-1+constant) with α>1, the failure rate of the mixed population λ(t) can decrease monotonously with time. This implies that there is a case in which λ(t) can decrease monotonously with time even if dh*/dt≤0 for all t (the condition mentioned in (1) above) is not satisfied.


Preparing few-layer black phosphorus flakes, in a scalable, fast, and benign way, is a key step to promote both the fundamental research and practical applications of black phosphorus. Although the...


Abstract A simplified enzyme based fiber optic uric acid biosensor is reported. It is constructed by coimmobilizing uricase and horseradish peroxidase [HRP] to bovine albumin via glutaraldehyde. A new fluorimetric substrate, thiamine, is used to indicate the sensing process. Under optimized conditions, the linear range of uric acid concentration is 0.5 to 5.0 ug/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.997, and the detection limit is 0.15 ug/mL with excellent reversibility and stability. The sensor can be used at least two months at room temperature. It is possibly to determine uric acid directly in serum and urine samples with satisfactory results.


ABSTRACT With a long history as a vehicle for preserving perishable fillings against spoilage, pie was imagined as both a lavish banqueting centerpiece and an edible symbol of globalization in the seventeenth and eighteenth century British and early American worlds. Filled with expensive and difficult-to-obtain ingredients, and frequently sent over long distances in a culture of performative gift-exchange, pies were complex and multivalent objects. By examining the pie's reputation as a means of preserving food alongside its widespread – but now largely forgotten – cultural association with death and dying, we suggest that for elite consumers, these pastry "coffins" could fulfill a similar function to memento mori: a reminder of the impermanence of organic matter and the inevitability of death and decomposition. Taking pie, an edible and ephemeral food, as a subject of material-cultural analysis, we can open unexpected avenues for understanding some of the emotions evoked by global consumption.


A concept of time is implicit in any theory that endeavors to make sense of human existence. History, particularly world-history or macro-history, is multi-dimensional, relative, and infinite. Comprehending the infinite has long been an epistemological puzzle for both mathematics and philosophy, but one that has never been explicitly contextualized for historical sociological research. Because the infinite needs to be measured by a concept that is similarly infinite, how can one conceive of a non-terminating sweep of history when the tools with which we measure time are themselves finite or use finite increments? By shifting the focus away from the ontology of time to the epistemological issues raised by the concept of infinite time, I contend that historical sociology can begin to incorporate a more explicit understanding of how time affects the results and conclusions drawn from historical research through an understanding of the methodological and polemical implications of the epistemological issues raised by the concept of infinite time. In this article, I contend that an explicit philosophy of infinite time for historical sociology has implications for the epistemological foundations of historical sociology, but more importantly, affects whether historical sociology can describe the political economy of capitalism and develop left praxis.


The aim of this research was to prove the effectiveness of the use of Tapertis Media towards the 4 graders of Elementary Schools' multiplication concept understanding. The type of this research is experimental research. Using the intact-group comparison type of pre-experimental design. With 9 students as the sample of this research. Using purposive sampling technique. The methods used were the multiplication concept understanding test, observation, and documentation. Using validity of media expert, validity test, reliability test, normality test, homogeneity test, paired sample T-Test, and regression test for the data analysis. The result showed that Jarimatika with Tapertis media has effectiveness in improving the 4 graders elementary schools' multiplication concept understanding. The result of paired T-Test showed the significance level of < 0,05 is 0,00 < 0,05, then 𝐻𝑎 is accepted. The result of T-test showed that the average of learning achievement of the experimental class was higher than the average of the learning achievement of the control class, and the significance level was < 0,05, then 𝐻𝑎 is accepted. The result of regression test showed that significance value of pre-reading skills is 0,038 where the value is less than 0,05, therefore, the hypothesis is accepted. The data of the multiplication concept understanding value also showed that the learning average of the experimental class was greater than the control class. The data analysis result showed that Jarimatika with Tapertis media has effectiveness in improving the students' multiplication concept understanding


A novel coronavirus is known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 was identified at the end of 2019 in Wuhan City, Hubei in China. Due to the emergence in the cases of the COVID-19, there was complete lockdown in the world which led to a situation of psychological distress among the population and socio-economic crisis. Objectives: The main goalofthestudyistolearning the Insight into the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general people all over the world. Methods: This was an experimental study. The subject's demographic details and responses were collected with the help of a standardized questionnaire. The collected data were entered in Microsoft Excel and then suitablegraphical and inferential statistical investigation was performed. Results: It was found that the Fear of Covid-19 (FCV-19) scores on average, were increased among females (17.2), younger adults (16.15) and older adults (17.78). The frequency of stress, depression and anxietywas higher in younger adults (18-27 years) when compared to older adults according to this study. Female subjects had a higher prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress when compared to the males. Conclusion: From this study, it is evident that there is a need for early strategies, programs and mental health policies to alleviate the effect of the pandemic on mental health. People should be educated regarding the COVID-19 disease, its preventive measures and also the importance of mental health during the times of this deadly pandemic.


Abstract The limit q-Lupaş operator emerged in the study of the Lupaş q-analogue of the Bernstein operator. Afterward, it has been found that it is connected to numerical analysis, computer aided geometric design, probability theory and other areas. In this paper, properties of block functions generating the limit q-Lupaş operator have been investigated.


IT Tools in progress 2 INSIDE THIS ISSUE: Dissemination and Scientific Communication: Cortical Journal Club (CJC) One of the most interesting activities carried out in the CBBP context is based on dissemination and scientific communication. The young predoctoral researchers group launched a bimonthly activity called the Cortical Journal Club (CJC) at the end of the past year. The main objective is the presentation and discussion of articles with scientific interest among the different young members of the laboratory. Each CJC encompass debates of hot topics in Neuroscience, either related to their own research and results or interesting issues in science, such as new microscopy techniques or relevant articles in our sphere of study. Additionally, to encourage dissemination in Neuroscience between researchers and to maintain a constant update of the scientific news, the same CJC group created a Twitter account (https://twitter.com/CorticalLab). The aim is to reflect our activities during congresses and different meetings, as well as the mere publication of relevant scientific developments.


Through discussion of higher vocational education, teachers and staff understand deeply. But different people have different ideas. Four questions are put forward in the paper that focuses on how to train students?practical skill.


..........................................................................................................4 Chapter One: Introduction...................................................................................5 Scope of Research......................................................................................5 Importance of Classroom PA Breaks...................................................................6 Research Questions...................................................................................7 Connection to the Program Essential Question.....................................................7 Definition of Terms....................................................................................7 Summary..............................................................................................8 Chapter Two: Literature Review...........................................................................9 Advantages........................................................................................................................10 Physical Activity...................................................................................................11 On-task Behavior..................................................................................................13 Academic Achievement........................................................................................14 Health Concepts....................................................................................................18 Fun and Engaging.................................................................................................19 Strategies to Address Challenges......................................................................................20 Implementation Strategies................................................................................................22 Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program..............................................23 Social Interaction..................................................................................................23 Practice, Practice, Practice....................................................................................24 Health Concepts....................................................................................................25 Short, Scheduled Breaks.......................................................................................25 IMPLICATIONS OF CLASSROOM PA BREAKS 3 Use of Technology................................................................................................26 Chapter Three: Summary..................................................................................27 Review of the Proposed Problem.................................................................28 Importance of the Topic...........................................................................28 Summary of the Main Points of the Literature Review.......................................29 Chapter Four: Discussion and Application..............................................................30 Insights Gained from the Research...............................................................30 Application..........................................................................................31 Recommendation for Future Research...........................................................32 References....................................................................................................34 IMPLICATIONS OF CLASSROOM PA BREAKS 4


RF receiver is the most important part of modern electronic system,and widely applied in communication,navigation and other fields. Generally the RF receiver is located in the back-end of the antenna,and used to send and receive a variety of electromagnetic information in the space directly. Since the receiver can receive any information,it is also vulnerable to the interference,such as high power noise and electromagnetic pulse(EMP). The electromagnetic environment of electronic equipment is analyzed,then taking the RF receiver as the main object,and the electronic system is conducted with modular modeling.The damaged condition of the receiver attacked by EMP in the space environment is analyzed. The damaged condition coming from electromagnetic pulse to the back-end system of the RF receiver is analyzed by system modeling and simulation.


Superoxide dismutase (SOD) has an important role in the defense system of the body, especially the activity of reactive oxygen compounds that can cause stress. MmCu/Zn-SOD gene successfully regenerated in N. benthamiana and N. tabacum, rice, and Jatropha transgenic plants. The assembling of transgenic K. alvarezii has been previously performed with other genes, however, the successful introduction of genes was still low. The objective of this study was to optimize a method for the Agrobacterium mediated MmCu/Zn-SOD gene transformation based on the optical density (OD), the duration of inoculation and co-cultivation period factors to increase the effectiveness of transgenesis in K. alvarezii. The experimental method was divided into the three stages: 1) the optimization of MmCu/Zn-SOD gene transformation in Kappaphycus alvarezii based on optical density (OD), inoculation duration and co-cultivation period; 2) the analysis of the existence of MmCu/Zn-SOD genes in Kappaphycus alvarezii using PCR and 3) the challenge test with salinity treatments (15, 30 and 45g/L). Six levels of A. tumefaciens OD600 (0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8), four duration of inoculation (10, 20, 30 and 60minutes) and two periods of cocultivation (3 and 4days) were tested. The results demonstrated that the highest putative bud (100%) and transformation (100%) efficiencies were obtained by using inoculation duration of 60minutes and 3days of co-cultivation with OD600 of 0.5. However, regeneration efficiency of explants (6.67%) was lower than the non-transgenic control (33.33%). The results of PCR analyses demonstrated the presence of MmCu/Zn-SOD gene in the transgenic explants, whereas the nontransgenic explants seaweed showed no amplification product. In conclusion, transgenic K. alvarezii could be produced and optimized by the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated method based on optical density (OD), duration of inoculation and co-cultivation period factors. Transgenic explants that carry encoding genes of MmCu/ Zn-SOD tolerant to salinity of 15g /L and 45g/L so all were survive, while all the non-transgenic were died.


This paper, presented at the annual meeting of the Nati nal( Asociation of Biology Teachers, is focused on legal:and problems in.mandating equal time for creationism. Past e ?ents provide evidence that legislation, policies, and local resolutions that require science textbooks and-curricula to include the Genesis account of creation are unconstitutional. Now, scientific creationism, rather than biblical creationism, is being promoted to pettralize,the study of evolutionary theory. Howevei, even the proponents ol creationism admit that creation science is not scientific when they say it beyond the limits of empirical science, it does not r ovide a testable scientific theory, and it cannot be disproved. _e counter the argument that creationism is religious, the creationists claim that evolutionary theory is religious theory and is an important tenet of secular humanism which they term the religion of the modern age. While the courts have affirmed the right of schools tc include evolution in the curriculum without such instruction constituting coercion against religiods exercise, questions of academic freedom if creationism is or is not . taught have not been resolved. (PB)


Introduction: The Protestant succession The unexpected Whig revolution of 1688 The political thought of the Anglican revolution The Scottish nobility and the revolution of 1688-1690 Ireland and the glorious revolution: from kingdom to colony Europe and the revolution of 1688 'J'equippe une flotte tres considerable': the Dutch side of the glorious revolution The revolutions in America The significance of 1688: some reflections on Whig history Index


Well crafted laboratories reinforce theoretical concepts presented in class, but also sharpen students' technical reasoning skills and provide practice in technical communication. This paper presents an introductory mechanics laboratory on beam deflection, suitable for freshmen engineering courses or as an opening week experiment for Strengths of Materials. The lab consists of 4 distinct experiments, each requiring students to measure maximum deflection of a simply supported beam. In each experiment, a single variable is adjusted (first load, then span, then cross-sectional geometry, and finally material). Although the procedure is likely similar to laboratories typically conducted in Mechanics courses after simple beam theory has been presented, the author suggests alternative objectives and student requirements targeted toward a less experienced audience. The primary goal of the exercise is to model engineering reasoning and begin a discussion on what makes for sound analysis. In conjunction with this goal, a standard for technical reporting also begins to form. To fulfill a secondary purpose, a simple addendum to the experiment is useful to show students the differences between the questions addressed by Statics (i.e. forces on rigid bodies) and those they will face in Strengths of Materials. The final objective is to demonstrate how stiffness is affected by both geometry and material, highlighting implications for design. The lab has been conducted in various forms in both an introductory design course and as a first lab in Strengths of Materials.


The studied section of the Bima Formation at the Wuyo village composed of finning upward cycles of mudstones and medium-coarse grained sandstones sediments with total thickness of about 61.9m. The section consists of ten fining upwards sequence with individual cycles characterized by an erosional base overlying lithologies of either sandstone or mudstone beds. The lithofacies similarities also suggest hydrodynamic condition leading to their deposition is similar throughout. The geochemical plot of Al2O3/SiO2 versus Fe2O3 +MgO wt% for the discrimination of sample plotted in and around (PM), (ACM), (CIA), (OIA). From all the plots of the four samples, three of the points falls outside all the fields and majority around the continental island arc (CIA) field; the remaining point falls within the active continental margin (ACM). In the Bivariate plot of (K2O/Na2O) against SiO2, all the four points plotted falls within the active continental margin (ACM), while in the plot of K2O/Na2O versus Fe2O3+ MgO wt%, all four points plotted falls outside all the fields but are generally around oceanic island arc (OIA).The geochemical analysis showed few of the points fell within the oceanic island arc (OIA), continental island arc (OIA) and active continental margin (ACM) fields, while majority fell outside all fields but are generally around the active continental margin (ACM) fields, suggesting that most of the samples of the Bima studied at the Wuyo village formed in active continental margin (ACM) settings. This is also supported by the dominance of litharenite in the formation which indicates high tectonic activities. Keywords—Geochemical analysis, Bima, Geochemical plot, Wuyo, Litharenite.


term. In a fifth hitherto unpublished (and typically vigorous) piece, 'Spain and Europe from the Peace of Munster to the Peace of the Pyrenees, 1648-1659', Israel combats the notion that Spanish policy was weak and unfocused after 1643 and argues that Philip IV's exploitation of the Fronde in France offered the prospect, at least until 1656, of a very different European power system (one favouring Spain) from that which prevailed after 1659. This respite proved short-lived. Indeed, the peace terms Philip got in 1659 were worse than those offered him in 1648. But Israel's point is one well worth making. As he observes in an introduction which draws together many of the themes of the volume, the seventeenth-century 'conflict of empires' was punctuated by some unpredictable developments (the survival of the Dutch in 1672, William III's success in England in 1688). It is just one of the many virtues of this collection that its author reminds us of the reality and importance (for both contemporaries and historians) of the unexpected in the past.


Muscular activity patterns in red and white muscles linked to oxygen consumption were studied during critical swimming tests in the sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax Linnaeus 1758). The species is one of the most important for Mediterranean Sea aquaculture. A sigmoid model was used to fit both the oxygen consumption and red muscle activity while the white muscle activity pattern was described by an exponential model. Red muscle reaches an activation plateau close to critical swimming speed mostly due to the oxygen diffusion velocity in tissues. The exponential activation of white muscle appears to be linked to short and sudden periods of great energy need to cope with adverse conditions such as predation and escape. Both oxygen consumption and muscular activity were found to be size dependent. The bioenergetics of sea bass was modelled based on fish mass and swimming speed to predict the minimum and maximum speed as well as the mass-specific active metabolic rate and standard metabolic rate. An important finding was that contrary to other well-known species, swimming at subcritical speeds in sea bass involves both red and white muscle in different proportions.


ABSTRACT In patients suffering from nontoxic goiter, TSH metabolic clearance and production rates are not higher than in normal subjects living in the same environment. Goiter maintenance is therefore not explained by an increased TSH secretion rate. Normal Belgian subjects living with a relatively iodine-deficient intake have a high TSH production rate, as compared to the values reported in the USA.


In the brain, serotonin production is controlled by tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2), a genotype. Previous studies found that mutations on the TPH2 locus in humans were associated with depression and studies of mice and studies of rhesus macaques have shown that the TPH2 locus was involved with aggressive behavior. We previously reported a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the form of an amino acid substitution, Q468R, in the chimpanzee TPH2 gene coding region. In the present study we tested whether this SNP was associated with neuroticism in captive and wild-born chimpanzees living in Japan and Guinea, respectively. Even after correcting for multiple tests (Bonferroni p = 0.05/6 = 0.008), Q468R was significantly related to higher neuroticism (b= 0.372, p = 0.005). This study is the first to identify a genotype linked to a personality trait in chimpanzees. In light of the prior studies on humans, mice, and rhesus macaques, these findings suggest that the relationship between neuroticism and TPH2 has deep phylogenetic roots. Citation: Hong K-W, Weiss A, Morimura N, Udono T, Hayasaka I, et al. (2011) Polymorphism of the Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) Gene Is Associated with Chimpanzee Neuroticism. PLoS ONE 6(7): e22144. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022144 Editor: Sharon Gursky-Doyen, Texas A&M University, United States of America Received February 17, 2011; Accepted June 16, 2011; Published July 13, 2011 Copyright: 2011 Hong et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This study was financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (#18310152 and #21310150 to MIM) and the Cooperation Research Program of PRI, Kyoto University. Alexander Weiss's work on this project was funded by a University of Edinburgh Development Trust Grant (#2828) and a Daiwa Foundation Small Grant (6515/6818). These funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. TU and IH are employed by a commercial company, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd. and helped perform the experiments. Competing Interests: The authors have the following competing interests. TU and IH are employed by a commercial company, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co., Ltd. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors. * E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com . These authors contributed equally to this work. ¤ Current address: Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Chungbuk, Korea


The struggle to keep our IT ducks in a row (or even, some days, to find the wretched fowl!) gets tougher and tougher as infrastructures become more complex. As in the spaghetti code our programming teachers scolded us about, we touch one spot, and something wiggles in an unexpected place across the room.


Motor current signal analysis is a technique for diagnosing problems in mechanical equipment by monitoring nothing more than the input electrical signal. The induction motor acts as a bilateral transducer, converting mechanical vibrations into electrical signal perturbations. It provides a method for a non-invasive testing of mechanical systems. It is an efficient and inexpensive solution to the Navy's problem. It provides a means to detect fault conditions while the equipment is still in operation. Also, since this technique only requires access to the electrical signal, it can be implemented with any remote electro-mechanical equipment whose power lines can be monitored. This would include a large set of equipment on a Navy vessel. The objective of the project was to develop the signal processing routines and classification techniques necessary to implement this method of fault detection. Data was collected from a Byron Jackson Sea Water Pump found on a US submarine. The fault that was monitored was an eroded impeller condition. This project not only provides a method for detecting this specific fault conditions, but furnishes the groundwork for the development of test equipment to completely monitor the pump's operation.


Continued development has brought about an electrolyte-starved cell operation with MgO powder separator and overcharge tolerance. This same technology is being used in development of a bipolar Li/FeS/sub 2/ battery. This LiCl-LiBr-KBr molten electrolyte battery is operated at 400-425 degrees C. An overcharge tolerant cell design safeguards the Li/FeS/sub 2/ cells in a bipolar battery and allows charge/equalization with simple trickle-charging. New materials and hermetic seal development have progressed to a four-cell bipolar Li/FeS/sub 2/ stack test, having over 150 cycles. A prototype sealed bipolar Li/FeS/sub 2/ battery has a projected performance of 191 Wh/kg specific energy with 500 W/kg peak specific power through 80% depth of discharge.<<ETX>>


Recently, McDonald-McGinn et al. reported the presence of a deletion 22q11.2 in a family with autosomal dominant inheritance and in a sporadic case with the Opitz GBBB syndrome. The presence of a vascular ring in these patients prompted them to look for this deletion, since this anomaly may be associated with the 22q11.2 deletion. They reviewed the Opitz GBBB syndrome and the 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome, finding considerable overlap of manifestations. They proposed that, in some patients, the Opitz GBBB syndrome may be due to a 22q11.2 deletion. We recently examined a newborn boy referred because of MCA. The cardinal findings in this patient (hypertelorism, hypospadias with descended testicles, characteristic nose and truncus arteriosus type I) were suggestive of the Opitz GBBB syndrome and of the velocardiofacial syndrome. The chromosomes were apparently normal (46,XY), but the FISH study showed a 22q11.2 deletion. The patient developed hypocalcemia with very low level of PTH and heart failure requiring surgery. His immunological status was normal except that CD4 cells were mildly low and natural killer cells were increased in number. The family history was noncontributory, but the full evaluation of the family is pending. The mother at first glance presents apparent hypertelorism. 3 refs.


In this article, experimental investigation and thermodynamic modelling of benzoic acid (BA) solubility in organic solvents was made. Phase diagrams of binary systems of benzoic acid – benzophenone and benzoic acid – benzil were investigated by the thermal analysis methods. Phase diagrams are studied and eutectic coordinates in these systems were determinated. Eutectic point temperature (310.3 K) and composition of benzoic acid (18 mol. %) for benzoic acid – benzophenone system and eutectic point temperature (348.5 K) and mole fraction of benzoic acid (35 mol. %) for benzoic acid – benzil system were found. In the form of a linear relationship solubility curves of benzoic acid ln X = a – b/T, X – mole fraction BA, T – temperature in K in methyl acetate (a = 2.7748, b = 1389.7), ethyl acetate (a = 1.8099, b = 1102.6), n-propyl acetate (a = 0.9580, b = 854.2), n-butyl acetate (a = 1.2178, b = 902.0), n-pentyl acetate
(a = 1.0719, b = 836.0), 1,4-dioxane (a = 0.0164, b = 406.0), chlorobenzene (a = 8.2765, b = 3268.4), n-decane (a = 12.332, b = 4916.9), n-dodecane (a = 14.623, b = 5808.1) were introduced. The solubility of benzoic acid in solvents at 298 K were calculated using the Hildebrand and Hansen solubility parameters. Comparison of the experimental and literature data was hold. Dependence of benzoic acid solubility on difference of the solubility parameters and the reduced radius was established. Models for the thermodynamic description of the solubility of substances in organic solvents are considered using benzoic acid as an example. Regular solution models with Hansen solubility parameters for express calculate solubility method of benzoic acid in organic solvents were recommended.


We present here genetic risk factors for survivability from infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). At the time of writing it is too early to determine comprehensively and without doubt all risk factors, but there is an urgency due to the global pandemic crisis that merits this early analysis. We have nonetheless discovered 5 novel risk variants in 4 genes, discovered by examining 193 deaths from 1,412 confirmed infections in a group of 5,871 UK Biobank participants tested for the virus. We also examine the distribution of these genetic variants across broad ethnic groups and compare it to data from the UK Office of National Statistics for increased risk of death from SARS-CoV-2. We confidently identify the gene ERAP2 with a high-risk variant, as well as three other genes of potential interest. Although mostly rare, a common theme of genetic risk factors affecting survival might be the inability to launch or modulate an effective immune and stress response to infection from the SARS-CoV-2 virus.


Results from a series of attractancy and oviposition preference tests conducted in a field cage in which Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) was given a free choice of corn hybrids indicated that this vector of corn stunt virus apparently does not prefer corn-stunt-susceptible hybrids over hybrids exhibiting resistance. Large but insignificant differences were obtained in the number of eggs laid in some corn hybrids. Egg-laying tests in the greenhouse where leafhoppers were confined to individual hybrids were not consistent with field-cage results.


A differential fault analysis(DFA) is one of the most important side channel attacks on block ciphers. Most block ciphers, such as DES, AES, ARIA, SEED and so on., have been analysed by this attack. In 2008, Wei et al. proposed the first DFA on ARIA-128. Their attack can recover the 128-bit secrey key by about 45 faulty ciphertexts. In this paper, we propose an improved DFA on ARIA-128. We can recover the 12S-bit secret key by only 4 faulty ciphertexts with the computational complexity of O().


Data Mining is the process of discovering interesting knowledge from large amounts of data stored either in databases, data warehouses, or other information repositories. From biological studies, the Yeast Proteome Database (YPD) is a model for the organization and presentation of genome-wide functional data. Accordingly, a yeast gene expression which is a unicellular DNA is selected which contains 6103 genes and the database combined with a number of related dataset to create a general dataset. DNA-binding transcriptional regulators interpret the genome's regulatory code by binding to specific sequences to induce or repress gene expression. The gene products including RNA and protein are responsible for the development and functioning of all living membranes by 2 steps process, transcription and translation. Various transcription factors control gene transcription by binding to the promoter regions. Translation is the production of proteins from mRNA produced in transcription. In this study, out of the 169 transcription factors known to access yeast, we are considering those thought to be involved in the response of Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2). They are 22 transcription factors. Each one is partitioned to 3 parts: TF with No H2O2, TF with Low H2O2 and TF with High H2O2. The aim of this paper was to enhance the effectiveness of the integration of hydrogen peroxide response data related to yeast gene expression data to obtain a protein response process model and to label a set of important genes related to this approach.


Disclosed are a method and device for switching a base station by a mobile terminal, which relate to the technical field of communications and can realize the base station switching of a user equipment under the conditions of ensuring that the business service of a neighbouring base station and a target base station are not interrupted. A particular embodiment of the present invention comprises: a source base station acquiring a designated channel resource, and determining to send a switching command to a user equipment by negotiating with a target base station and a neighbouring base station. The embodiments of the present invention are mainly applied in a base station switching flow.


There is increasing concern among primary care practitioners (PCPs) regarding medication misuse and noncompliance while attempting to effectively manage chronic pain patients prescribed opioids for pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect pain catastrophizing has on self-reported pain intensity, disability, side effects, and opioid misuse in chronic pain patients prescribed opioids within primary care. Fifty-six PCPs and 253 chronic pain patients prescribed opioids or considered for opioid therapy were recruited into the study. All patients completed baseline measures, including the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and were followed for 6 months to monitor pain and opioid compliance. Patients were divided evenly based on median-split scores on the PCS and participated in phone interviews at 1 and 6 months. The subjects repeated the baseline measures and completed measures of opioid compliance at the end of the study period. Patients who scored high on catastrophizing reported significantly greater pain intensity, activity interference, negative affect, and a higher percentage of medication-related adverse effects compared with those lower on the Pain Catastrophizing Scale at the start of the study and over a 6-month period (p < .01). In addition, those chronic pain patients classified as high pain catastrophizers reported significantly higher opioid misuse (p < .01). This study demonstrates the important role of pain catastrophizing among chronic pain patients who are prescribed opioid medication for pain within primary care. These findings support the benefits of carefully monitoring patients who are prescribed opioids in primary care and possible benefits of offering interventions to reduce pain catastrophizing.


Chinese party-state's response to coronavirus outbreak has gone through two phases so far: the information suppression phase in the beginning of the crisis and the mobilization phase later aimed at containing the pandemic's spread. The CCP achieved key objectives in both phases owing to the party-state's hierarchical and authoritarian structure, the party's ability to transcend state institutions, and the state's ownership over vital economic resources. Beyond the party's Leninist structure, the containment effort was helped by community parastatal organizations such as the neighborhood committees. This paper describes the institutions and processes that have helped CCP to achieve relative success so far in containing the coronavirus. It also points to its limits of China's authoritarian response to public health crisis and to the plight of marginalized social groups like the migrants.


Negative gearing has become a popular tax shelter in Australia. Australia is one of few countries to generally allow interest deductions for negatively geared rental property investments. Although the tax benefits of negative gearing at the investor level are quite well known, the tax policy arguments for and against negative gearing have not been thoroughly examined. This is a paper about tax policy. It surveys the arguments for and against negative gearing. According to tax policy criteria, should negative gearing be allowed? Many commentators have speculated on what effect negative gearing has on the economy. Does it increase house prices and make home ownership less affordable? Or does it make accommodation more affordable by increasing the number of rental properties? Are there broader economic effects? Does it distort investment? Does it contribute jobs to the economy? Does it have an effect on interest rates? What is its impact on the tax revenue? A number of false assumptions have been made on both sides of the debate, undermining the arguments for and against negative gearing. Informed by quantitative and statistical analysis, this paper evaluates those assumptions and concludes that on balance there is a strong case for closing the tax shelter. The final part of this paper considers alternative vehicles for denying negative gearing. Drawing on overseas experience, this paper evaluates the tax policy implications of various options for quarantining interest deductions. One critical question for tax policy debate is to determine the appropriate level for quarantining measures. Should they be confined to real estate investments or broadly cover all types of investments? As with all tax reform, closing the tax shelter will necessarily have impact on other tax policy settings. Tax policy gains may be achieved in some areas but this might be at the expense of others. By examining the tax policy effect of alternative measures, this paper discusses which option for quarantining interest deductions and eliminating negative gearing would work best in the Australian tax system.


For local and nonlocal interactions, the standard method of solving an integral equation furnishes a set of half-off-shell quasiphases at the price of an integration in two and in three variables, respectively. For local interactions, the phase approach is known to supply a single quasiphase via a small number of integrations in a single variable each. The phase approach is generalized in this paper to cover the nonlocal case in treating quasiphases. A new quasiphase differential equation is derived. The explicit solution furnishes a single half-off-shell quasiphase at the expense of essentially an integration in two variables only.


The sixth in a series of articles on the activities of the Information Sciences Division (ISD) of the International development Research Centre (IDRC). Discusses an information strategy for the rural sector in developing countries. Traces the broad concept of rural development over five phases and examines the difficulty in providing rural populations with greater access to information aimed at improving their lives. Consideration of user needs is critical since information must be focused, generated by demand, grassroots-based, reflective of local conditions and based on indigenous knowledge. ISD's rural development approach is multidisciplinary. Projects focus on information requirements across basic social, economic and scientific issues. Rural information projects also require effective information flows at each phase to ensure that knowledge is actually being used. Recommends the strengthening and coordination of local information systems to better support rural populations as well as decision-makers.


Embedded control system by complex multi-component object, which operate in the real physical time, is considered. It is shown, that during solving the aim task it is necessary to synchronize controllable components operation by means of soft optimization. The model of embedded soft synchronization, based on discrete Petri-Markov net conception, is worked out. In the proposed conception time intervals are described with discrete distribution. Analytical simulation of the system soft operation is divided onto two parts: estimation of time interval discrete distribution of parallel soft operation inside synchronized block, and estimation of pre-determined plan realization effectiveness. Effectiveness criterion estimation is based on modified relay-race distributed forfeit method, due to which relay-race analysis with random time intervals is substituted by analysis of the randomly emerged rigid schedules systems, that essentially simplifies analysis procedure.


Objective:To investigate the method for treating facial post-burn hyperpigmentation. Methods: Forty-two patients with facial post-burn hyperpigmentation were randomly divided into two groups.Twenty-four subjects applied 15% Azelaic Acid cream combined with 0.025% Tretinoin cream daily to face,and eighteen subjects applied vehicle cream.At base line and six weeks of treatment,each subject's facial hyperpigmentation was assessed by area and colorimetric evaluations.Results:The facial post-burn hyperpigmentation of the Azelaic Acid and Tretinoin-treated subjects were significantly lighter after six weeks of therapy than those of the vehicle-treated subjects(χ~(2)=10.94,P 0.01).Conclusion:Topical application of 15% Azelaic Acid cream combined with 0.025% Tretinoin cream is effective in treating facial post-burn hyperpigmentation.


The article seeks to contribute to the debate invol ving the concept of discursive democracy, which developed based on the theory of discourse advanced by Jurgen Habermas. It is argued that in order for this conception to be converted into a theoreti cal and analytical framework capable of aiding the comprehension of the complex political processes th at unfold in contemporary societies and into an alternative for the improvement of existing democra tic regimes it must come to terms with a number or questions presented in this article such as the relationship between the ideal deliberative procedure as conceived by its authors and the condi tions required for its operation, the question of the place and forums of deliberation and the relati onship between deliberation and preference aggregation, as well as dealing more critically wit h its own assumptions..


Significance Network link inference from measured time series data is an important problem for several fields of study. Techniques for doing this typically score each potential network link, which, ideally, would enable clear discrimination between linked and unlinked nodes. However, real-world data, typically consisting of short, noisy time series with poor time resolution cause poor link discriminability. Using traditional and recently developed link inference techniques, we characterize scenarios leading to poor link discrimination through tests on synthetic data from chaotic systems as well as experimental neuronal activity data from C. elegans, for which the ground-truth neuronal synaptic connectivity network is known. Furthermore, we test a surrogate data method which provides quantitative statistical information on the confidence levels of inferred links.


To improve the crop yield design model and to relay the gained result in the system of Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach for harvest growth in facility area of Tiruchirappalli. In the proposed method replicas are established to maximize the Crop/Yield Production, Net Benefits (NB), Manure Utilization and Employment Generation in the respective area of interest. The optimal solution for the command area using fuzzy approach was formulated by using various GIS and remote sensing techniques. The consequences of the two models are compared. The MCDM technique concentrates on developing crop suitability model. The current technique supports for decision making to yield conclusion in opposing state while preparation for diverse aims concurrently.


The copy of the manuscript "Tazkirai shuaro" as an object of our research has been copied from various manuscripts in the manuscript fund of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan.


The idea that there is wisdom from the collective has been forcefully described in "The Wisdom of the Crowds" by James Surowiecki, who argues that the aggregation of information in groups results in better decisions than those that are afforded by any single member of the group. Markets, like opinion polls, are one mechanism for aggregating disparate pieces of information. The aggregation properties of prices were first noted by Hayek (1945) and were formally examined by Muth (1961). In particular, Hayek argues that market prices serve the purpose of sharing and coordinating local and personal knowledge, while Muth shows that markets do not waste information and that the current price contains all the information available from market participants.


To evaluate selective arterially enhanced CT angiography (ACT) and 3-D reformatting in the pretherapeutical assessment of intracranial aneurysms. A combined interactive CT and DSA suite deserved by a single pivoting table was used. Reformatted images were obtained using maximum intensity projection, volume rendering and surface shaded display with slicing. Thirty-four patients, 13 male and 21 female, mean age: 50 years (16–73), were explored in a prospective study. Forty-one intracerebral aneurysms were diagnosed. The aneurysmal index was measured on the reformatted images. Radiological findings were compared with surgery. In 31 operative cases, the aneurysmal index and morphological description of the aneurysm as defined by ACT were in agreement with surgical findings. ACT gave specific information in 6 cases which led to a change of the therapeutical approach. ACT facilitated the choice between surgery and endovascular embolization in 19 complex cases (surgery: 12, endovascular embolization:?). ACT improves the pretherapeutical assessment of intracranial aneurysms, particularly in complex cases. Determination of the aneurysmal index is more precise with ACT than with DSA.


In many real-world scenarios, rewards extrinsic to the agent are extremely sparse, or absent altogether. In such cases, curiosity can serve as an intrinsic reward signal to enable the agent to explore its environment and learn skills that might be useful later in its life. We formulate curiosity as the error in an agent's ability to predict the consequence of its own actions in a visual feature space learned by a self-supervised inverse dynamics model. Our formulation scales to high-dimensional continuous state spaces like images, bypasses the difficulties of directly predicting pixels, and, critically, ignores the aspects of the environment that cannot affect the agent. The proposed approach is evaluated in two environments: VizDoom and Super Mario Bros. Three broad settings are investigated: 1) sparse extrinsic reward; 2) exploration with no extrinsic reward; and 3) generalization to unseen scenarios (e.g. new levels of the same game).


The scenario assumed for this study was that of a region with a complete or first‐order weather station surrounded by a network of second‐order stations, where only monthly air temperature data were available. The objective was to evaluate procedures to estimate the monthly α parameter of the Priestley–Taylor equation in the second‐order stations by adjusting and extrapolating α values determined at the first‐order station. These procedures were applied in two climatic zones of north‐east Spain with semi‐arid continental and semi‐arid Mediterranean climates, respectively. Procedure A assumed α to be constant over each zone for each month (direct extrapolation). Procedure B accounted for differences in vapour pressure deficit and available energy for evapotranspiration between the first‐ and second‐order stations. Procedure C was based on equating the Penman–Monteith (P–M) and Priestley–Taylor (P–T) equations on a monthly basis to solve for α. Methods to estimate monthly mean vapour pressure deficit, net radiation and wind speed were developed and evaluated. A total of 11 automated first‐order weather stations with a minimum period of record of 6 years (ranging from 6 to 10 years) were used for this study. Six of these stations were located in the continental zone and five in the Mediterranean zone. One station in each zone was assumed to be first‐order whereas the remainder were taken as second‐order stations. Monthly α parameters were calibrated using P–M reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) values, calculated hourly and integrated for monthly periods, which were taken as 'true' values of ET0. For the extrapolation of monthly α parameters, procedure A was found to perform slightly better than procedure B in the Mediterranean zone. The opposite was true in the continental zone. Procedure C had the worst performance owing to the non‐linearity of the P–M equation and errors in the estimation of monthly available energy, vapour pressure deficit and wind speed. Procedures A and B are simpler and performed better. Overall, monthly P–T ET0 estimates using extrapolated α parameters and Rn−G values were in a reasonable agreement with P–M ET0 calculated on an hourly basis and integrated for monthly periods. The methods presented for the spatial extrapolation of monthly available energy, vapour pressure deficit and wind speed from first‐ to second‐order stations could be useful for other applications. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The present invention provides a block-type doped solar cell, comprising: a semiconductor substrate, an antireflection layer, a plurality of front electrode and the back electrode layer. A semiconductor substrate having a first surface, a lower surface of a first plurality of doped layers blocks, these blocks doped layers spaced from each other. Anti-reflection layer disposed on the block layer on the doped semiconductor substrate. It penetrates the front electrode and the antireflective layer disposed on the doped layer on the block. Back electrode layer disposed on the second surface of the semiconductor substrate.


The use of prepaid smart electricity services from the State Electricity Company (SEC) for the general public in Indonesia has increased. It is because prepaid electricity has several advantages compared to postpaid electricity. One of them is that it is becoming easier for customers to manage and control their daily electricity usage. Customers can also estimate their total electricity consumption each month. However, customers still have to manually view the information on the electricity meter to find data and information on prepaid electricity. It can make it difficult for customers if the electricity meter is placed outside the house, which is quite far away. Customers must also constantly monitor the use of electricity. This article discusses a prepaid smart electricity consumption monitoring design using Internet of Things technology. The design is carried out without changing the standard prepaid electricity meter system from the SEC. However, a KWH meter tool has been developed that has been combined with Internet of Things technology and can calculate and monitor electricity usage. The results show that with this system, customers can more easily find out and monitor their daily electricity consumption.


We propose and numerically demonstrate impairment compensation via digital backward propagation (DBP) for fiber transmission with distributed Raman amplification. In contrast to EDFA-based systems, signal power evolution in the distributed amplified system has to be obtained prior to DBP by solving the differential equations for Raman amplification. The optimum launching power of an unrepeatered Raman link is significantly increased by nonlinearity compensation.


Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy, 4 Endurance Research Group, School Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Chatham, United Kingdom, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences,


The effect of water related project on flow characteristics must be considered while the project built on the mountain rivers and the complex of flow characteristics makes the research to be in difficult situation.A 2-D flow numerical model based on unstructured grids has been built and tested.The model is adopted to simulate flow in the Min River and the simulation results show that the effect of built bridge on flow characteristics is unconspicuous.


The porcelains in the Han Dynasty is well-known as its Lacquer.The number of porcelains which was unearthed from Han Dynasty tombs in Yangzhou,in the Han Dynasty,it can dearly be seen that porcelains were very prevalent in Yangzhou,which is facile on the modd,smart in the texture,full of the rhythm of life.The porcelains,which were unearthed from Han Dynasty tombs in Yangzhou,skdetons include the Houmu-Tai,the Bomupian-Juantai,the Benpianpin-Hetai,In addition,there are a small amount of the embryos made of bamboo,copper,leather and pottery.The porcelains' shape include the Erbri,the Qilian,the Qiyan,the Dansi,the Huzi,the Mianzhao,the Tongzhongzhen and so on.The techniques of decoration mainly include painted,engraved with needles,fastened with metal,pasted with gold and silver,mosaicked and so on.The subject matters of veins and ornaments mainly indude the veins of clouds,the veins of animals,geometry,dragon and phoenix,flowers,etc.The porcelains,which were unearthed from Han Dynasty tombs in Yangzhou,which have rich connotations,livdy veins and ornaments,vivid cdor,and have high levels on plastic arts.


Abstract The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Wedelia glauca (Asteraceae) growing in San Luis, Argentina, was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Forty-two compounds were identified. The oil was found to be rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons (near 94.9%), such as limonene (38.0%), sabinene (23.9%) and α-pinene (22.0%), which were the main components.


The main limitation of LiFePO4 (LFP) as a cathode material for lithium-ion battery (LIB) is its poor rate performance due to its low electronic conductivity values. At present, there are three main efforts being intensively carried out to overcome this: cation doping, crystal morphology adjustment, and LFP surface modification. Surface modification of LFPs has become a major concern in efforts to improve battery performance. The use of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks 8 (ZIF-8) and 67 (ZIF 67) as N-doped C sources for surface modification of LIB cathodes carried out in several studies has shown an improvement in the electrochemical performance of LIB. However, the thermal, solvothermal and chemical stability of ZIF-8 and ZIF-67, which adopt the sodalite (SOD) topology, is still not enough for this purpose. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks 14 (ZIF-14), which is homologous to ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 with its crystals adopting analcime (ANA) topology, has better thermal, solvothermal, and chemical stability than ZIF-8 and ZIF-67. Apart from its topology, ZIF-14 cobalt (ZIF-14 Co) can be synthesized rapidly in a water-based system at room temperature, so that its use becomes more effective and efficient. This paper will describe the synthesis and characterization procedure of ZIF-14 Co for use as a modification material for the cathode surface of LIB.


Recently,for horizontal wells in tight sandstone reservoir with low permeability,there is still no reasonable and effective log interpretation method for accurate evaluation of hydrocarbon potential of such reservoir.Through directly admitting the physical sample back to the wellbore,the mud logging technique can visually and effectively collect and evaluate the hydrocarbon-bearing information.The results of the evaluation is relatively more convincing.In comparative study for multi-horizontal wells of Honghe Oil Field,the data of well logging interpretation,comprehensive mud logging evaluation and production test did not show much consistent positive correlation,and even have great difference in a portion of wells.In view of such differences,the author compared and analyzed data in detail between the mud logging and e-logging of many horizontal wells in the study area,discussed among the feature and principle of each measurement parameter,summarized the main controlling factors which caused explanation differences,put forward the complementary advantages of both parties through the measured parameters,finally establish a set of comprehensive evaluation method,which maximize the role of all the quantitative and qualitative parameters.Thus it provides an effective way for accurately evaluating the hydrocarbon potential of such reservoir.


AIM To observe the injury caused by low concentration hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) in cultured endothelium progenitor cells(EPCs) and the protective effect of injectio salviae miltiorrhizae(ISM).METHODS EPCs were cultured in vitro and H_2O_2 of different low concentrations(100,200,300,400μmol/L) and 5 mg/L ISM were added into culture medium.The proliferative activity of cells(MTT assay),the concentration of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),malondialdehyde(MDA) and the rate of cell apoptosis were assayed.RESULTS Compared with that of the control,H_2O_2 decreased the proliferative activity but increased MDA,LDH and the rate of cell apoptosis.These results were inhibited by ISM.CONCLUSION ISM can protect EPCs from injury caused by H_2O_2.


A theory for predicting the noise field of supersonic propellers with realistic blade geometries is presented. The theory, which utilizes a large-blade-count approximation, provides an efficient formula for predicting the radiation of sound from all three sources of propeller noise. Comparisons with a full numerical integration indicate that the levels predicted by this formula are quite accurate. Calculations also show that, for high speed propellers, the noise radiated by the Lighthill quadrupole source is rather substantial when compared with the noise radiated by the blade thickness and loading sources. Results from a preliminary application of the theory indicate that the peak noise level generated by a supersonic propeller initially increases with increasing tip helical Mach number, but is eventually reaches a plateau and does not increase further. The predicted trend shows qualitative agreement with the experimental observations.


The study investigated the major factors in regards to the effects of service qualities with university hospitals in Daejeon on their overall service satisfaction. In regards to service qualities, the hypothesis was verified through multiple regression analysis in terms of professionalism, kindness, credibility, and facilities/environment. As a result, all professionalism(0.462), kindness(0.142), credibility(0.258) and facilities/environment(0.184) showed positive effects on their overall service satisfaction level. In particular, professionalism showed the greatest effect by 0.462. As patients' and caretakers' desire to service quality becomes diversified, the analysis result is considered to help the future medical service management at university hospitals by analyzing the major factors which affect the service quality and by finding the methods to increase the service satisfaction.


An integrated regression analysis is proposed for the reverification of software components that are modified for a new application. The basis for the method is clustering, i.e., automatic identification of the modifications. The clustering is used to formulate a regression fault hypothesis about the existence of a fault in the new component and testing the hypothesis using static and dynamic (execution-based) analysis.<<ETX>>


Gullian–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute autoimmune polyradiculoneuropathy with many variants and distinct presentations. Although cranial neuropathy is a common feature in GBS, third nerve palsy is a rare presentation. Herein, we describe a case of GBS patient who has presented by acute flaccid quadriparesis coexisting bilateral third nerve palsy. We tried to highlight the importance of other cranial nerve involvement in the natural history of GBS.


To test the hypothesis that increased endoneurial fluid pressure (EFP) causes a reduction in nerve blood flow (NBF) in the vasa nervorum, we adapted a noninvasive method for measurement of nerve blood flow which was originally developed for measurement of local cerebral blood flow. This technique measures tissue distribution of the radioisotope, 14C-iodoantipyrine, and was used to compare NBF in sciatic nerves of rats with increased EFP induced by feeding them hexachlorophene (HCP), a neurotoxin which causes edema exclusively to the nervous system and confined to the myelin sheath. Elevation of interstitial fluid pressure in peripheral nerves from control values of 2.0 ± 1.0 cm H2O to over approximately 6 cm H2O was associated with a statistically significant reduction in nerve blood flow from 14.8 ± 5.9 to 7.8 ± 2.5 ml/100 g of tissue/minute (min). These results support the hypothesis that increased endoneurial fluid pressure exacerbates the neuropathy by diminishing local blood flow.


The internationalisation of education and schooling is an important problem with which Japanese education is now confronted. One of the general characteristics of contemporary education is that within the scope of national education each nation takes the responsibility for providing education for its own citizens. More recently, however, we see an emerging tendency towards educational co-operation between nations beyond the framework of national education; and, within this framework, international exchanges of educational theory and practice, students, and teachers have become widespread. A number of factors can be cited to account for the trend towards international cooperation in education; however, they may be classified into two categories, actual and ideal. The actual factors, which include political, economic, industrial, social, and cultural activities expanding beyond the boundaries of nations, and the world-wide development of means of communication and transportation, have increased the opportunity for contact among nations, on various levels. Such actualities require, for example, individuals involved with cross-national contacts who have command of foreign languages, a good understanding of foreign countries, and other abilities necessary for associating and co-operating with foreigners. Today's education is thus expected to fulfil the need for the development of these skills and abilities.


Unclosed part of an electric circuit exerts the so-called self-action a result of which is the action of the un-closed conductor on itself. The same relates to the rotary moment described by the self-torque. The self-force and self-torque are very small for conductors of simple form. For the spiral-shape conductor with large number of wraps and with the increased lead between wraps, the self-torque is found to be extremely large


In this paper, the authors present their work on the development of a formal method for the interpretation of norms. This research is a continuation of the work reported in the eKNOW 2015 conference where we focused on a formal method to relate a set of norms described in natural language to the specification of a service based on these norms. In this paper, we focus on the modeling of the explicit interpretation of norms. These interpretation models are aimed to become components in our agent-role based simulations that allow to reason about the effect of norms in social reality. The method has been tested in a governmental organization for the specification of digital services. The method preserves the original concepts in sources of norms described in natural language, and delivers a translation of these norms to formal computational models. These models can be used to support institutional reasoning, i.e., reasoning about institutional facts and normative positions. Keywords-AI and Law; knowledge acquisition; knowledge representation; formal representation of norms; legal analysis; legal engineering; rule governance.


The issue that is closely related with the legislation of Real Right Law in China is how to choose the real property registration institution in the future.And in theory,there are two choices,one is the court,and the other is the administrative organ.Therefore,registering in the administrative organ on the basis of existing registration system is exactly the right practice and suitable to China.


Theoretical predictions of the behaviour of various parameters governing the free flow of a single, very long, denser-than-liquid carrier, cylindrical capsule in a horizontal pipeline are reported in this paper. The study was carried out for average flow velocities of approximately 1–10 ft/s in pipes of diameters 4, 6, 12, and 24 in with diameter ratios varying from 0·9 to 0·99. While two liquid carriers—water and an oil (μ = 10 cP and sp. gr. = 0·85)—were used, the eccentricity of the capsule-pipe system was fixed at 0·999. The theoretical solution was found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.


child mostly along the lines of her legal and marital status, negotiating several religious orthodoxies to make room for a school-going, game-playing girl child. After independence, it is not the girl child of the dominant class who occupies centre stage, but the focus now shifts to the poor deprived sections of society. However, both among the elite and the labouring poor, it is the family that colludes with the various ideological and economic apparatuses to deprive the girl child of her legitimate childhood. Chapters three to six, describe the sampling techniques, area profiles, the living conditions within the family-its socioeconomic status, the cultural background of the communities, parental attitudes-which determine the physical and emotional well being as well as the opportunities available to the girl child. There are details.of the girl child's mother's health, her educational status, her work and her socialisation process. Chapter seven describes the action programmes organised, teaching-cum-learning experience and


If H is a subgroup of the finite group G then the core of H, denoted Ha, is ee x-Hx, the largest of the normal subgroups of G contained in H; the core factor of the subgroup H is H/He. G is called (see [1]) -core (respectively, 3-max-core) if all its subgroups (respectively, all its maximal subgroups) have core factors in the class 5 of finite groups. 3-max-core groups have been classified, for some 5, in [1] and [4], but little is known about -core groups. Of course, if ={1}, -core groups are precisely the Hamiltonian groups; the purpose of this paper is to give information about 5-core groups close to Hamiltonian groups-that is, groups whose core factors are relatively uncomplicated. Throughout this paper, all groups considered are finite. Unless otherwise specified, references and notation are drawn from [3]. Let , , and denote the classes of all groups which are simple, cyclic, and of prime-power order, respectively (including the trivial group). Then (R) =13 is the class of all groups of order a prime. We begin by showing that -core groups are f -core groups. (1) Theorem. -core groups are solvable. Proof. We recall from [1] that subgroups and homomorphic images of -core groups are again (R)-core groups. Now let G be a minimal counterexample. If lq=N<G,N=/=G, then N and GIN are core groups and by induction must be solvable, making G solvable, a contradiction. Therefore G is simple. But then all subgroups of G have trivial core and hence must be simple too-even the Sylow subgroups. This means G has only cyclic Sylow subgroups and so by a theorem of HSlder (p. 420, [3]) is solvable. (2) Corollary. If G is an -core groups and H_G then Ho has index at most a prime in H. (3) Corollary. If G is an -core group then F(G), the Fitting subgroup, has index at most a prime in G. Proof. This follows directly from Proposition (7) of [1].


Summary.

1
The biology of the Cape Wagtail, supplemented by data collected from the study of a partial albino female, is described. The pairs have territories which they would appear to hold for years, the partial albino having been around the same farmstead for about eleven years.

2
The main breeding season is from August to November but may extend through the summer. The male presents nest material to the female.

3
The partial albino female had a song not shared by the male.

4
She laid eight clutches (Sept. 1947-Aprit 1948), the incubation periods of which ranged from 13½ to 14½ days.

5
Nestling period ranged from 14 to 18 days.

6
Roosting may be communal or in pairs.

7
The species is parasitised by the Diederick Cuckoo.


- Although the literature abounds with reports on resection for pulmonary tuberculosis, a series on South African non-Europeans has not been described. This is a review of the cases resected during the period January 1949 to June 1953, with.a follow-up of 1-5 years. There were 90 Bantus, 77 Asiatics and 36 Coloured patients; of these 113 were males and 90 females. The 5-year period has been one of changing concepts and the analysis will indicate this. Prospective surgical cases, after full investigation, are presented at a weekly meeting of the hospital staffand visiting surgeons. The discussions are led by the medical superintendent. In the cases accepted for operation the resection to be performed is also decided on. If, as occasionally happens, unsuspected lesions are found at thoracotomy, the surgeon uses his discretion as to the type of operation necessary.


The longest common subsequence problem is a classical string problem that aims at computing a common subsequence having the highest possible length from a given set of strings. This problem is one of the most studied computational problems in bioinformatics and computational biology. The problem is NP-hard for more than two input strings and the existing exact solutions are impractical for large input size. In this paper, we propose a new nondeterministic algorithm based on stochastic and dynamic programming method. In our algorithm, we have employed a heuristic that is inspired by the pheromone update strategy of the ant colony system. We have also integrated a local search technique in our algorithm to improve our results. The proposed algorithm is compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms over several standard benchmarks including simulated and real biological sequences. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can provide high quality solutions within a reasonable amount of time.