Consumption usually begins with a slight, dry cough in the morning, then, on going to bed, getting more and more frequent, with more and more phlegm, increasing debility, thinness of flesh, shortness of breath and quickening pulse. In fatal cases, its av erage course is about two years ; hence the importance of arrest ing the disease at as early a stage as possible, and the sooner rational means are employed for this purpose, the greater the chances of success. The disease is owing to an irritation commencing in the throat and extending to the lungs, so that their action is interfered with, and the blood does not receive sufficient oxygen to purify it. The first thing to be done is to remove the obstruction, which is the irritation or congestion of the lungs. Four ounces of glycerine, two ounces of alcohol, two ounces of water and one grain of mor phine make an excellent mixture for relieving the cough. It should be taken in doses of two teaspoonfuls every two hours until the cough is relieved. The chest, just below the neck, should be rubbed with tartar emetic ointment every morning over a space as large as the hand, until a thick crop of sores is brought out; then rub the ointment between the sores to bring out a new crop. Meantime the patient should take regular and vigorous exercise in the open air. There is nothing that equals horseback riding as a remedy for this dis ease. If a consumptive were to " live in the saddle " and sleep out of doors, taking care to keep the feet dry and warm, and to live upon good, nourishing food; in short, to "rough it," he would recover his health in a few months, even if the disease had made considerable progress. The trouble is that it requires a strong will to carry out so severe a course, in spite of the languor and debility which disposes an invalid to quiet despondency. The most marked sign of lung disease is emaciation; and the most positive indication of returning health is increase in weight.


Models studies of end copping of living polystyryl anions with and without α-methylstyrene at the chain ends, with Me 3 SiCl and MeOCH 2 Cl were done. Various parameters were studied and the results indicated that multiple peaks in NMR spectra are due to chain-end tacticity. Selective stereoisomer formation is indicated when α-methylstyrene is the terminal unit before end-coping. The tacticity at the chain-ends had no dependence on the molecular weight and hence provides a facile way to determine the bulk polymer tacticity


The embodiment of the invention provides a short message signalling optimization method, equipment and system. The short message signalling optimization method comprises the steps of: receiving a message sent by network equipment, wherein the message carries a parameter representing the validity period of a short message sent to a user or indication information for judging whether a record needs to be increased in the MWD of the user or not when the short message cannot be transferred or fails to be transferred; when the fact that the short message cannot be transferred or fails to be transferred is determined and the value of the parameter is 0 or the indication information represents that the short message cannot be transferred or fails to be transferred, not needing to increase the record in the MWD of the user; and, not increasing the record in the MWD of the user, wherein the record includes the identifier of a short message service centre serving the user. By means of the method provided in the embodiment of the invention, extra signalling interaction due to the fact that the short message service centre is notified to re-transfer a short message can be reduced.


This book contains some potentially interesting ideas that never come clearly into view because the author presents his argument in a disorganized manner that frequently loses scholarly objectivity. These facts, combined with the author's poor writing style and failure to include indices and bibliography, make this book of little use to anyone outside of the small circle of Christian believers who share Seif s conservative theological presuppositions.


Recently, steroid-antibiotic conjugates have been developed as potential therapeutic agents for infectious diseases. In this work the antibacterial activity of two pregnenolone-derivatives was evaluated on S. aureus, K. pneumoniae and E. coli, using the dilution method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The results indicate that bacterial growth of S. aureus was inhibited with cefotaxime (MIC = 0.25 mg/ml), gentamicin (MIC = 0.0125 mg/ml), hemisuccinate-pregnenolone (MIC = 1 mg/ml), ethylenediamine-hemisuccinate-pregnenenolone (MIC = 0.25 mg/ml) and the mixture of the two pregnenolone-derivatives (MIC = 0.5 mg/ml). Other results, showed that bacterial growth of E. coli was also inhibited with cefotaxime (MIC = 0.25 mg/ml), gentamicin (MIC = 0.00625 mg/ml), hemisuccinate-pregnenolone (MIC = 1 mg/ml), ethylenediamine-hemisuccinate-pregnenenolone (MIC = 0.5 mg/ ml) and the mixture of two pregnenolone-derivatives (MIC = 0.5 mg/ml). Alternative experiments showed that bacterial growth of K. pneumoniae was inhibited with cefotaxime (MIC = 0.125 mg/ml), gentamicin (MIC = 0.0.125 mg/ml), hemisuccinate-pregnenolone (MIC = 1 mg/ml), ethylenediamine-hemisuccinate-pregnenenolone (MIC = 0.5 mg/ml) and the mixture of two pregnenolone-derivatives (MIC = 0.5 mg/ml). Our results suggest that effect induced by pregnenolone-derivatives could be by the interaction with some bacterial membrane factors that are specific for bacterial resistance. In this sense, the antibacterial activity of pregnenolone-derivatives can depend of the nature of functional groups involved in their chemical structure that seems to be the key required for antibacterial activity.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an improved method for forming copper wiring on an integrated circuit by improving the etch rate selectivity between a low-k dielectric layer and a hard mask layer. SOLUTION: A first dielectric layer 10 is formed on a silicon substrate having at least one electronic device and a second dielectric layer 40 exhibiting a relative permittivity smaller than 3.0 is formed on the first dielectric layer 10. A cap layer 50 made of materials selected from a group composed of aluminized titanium, aluminum titanium nitride, titanium nitride, aluminum nitride, aluminized tantalum and aluminum tantalum nitride is formed. A trench is formed in the first dielectric layer 10 and is filled with conductive material for forming wiring. COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO


The system uses a centralized filter PE sintered micro-membrane recycling of grinding cooling water,uses the high-voltage pulse backwash method to solve the problem of microfiltration membrane flux attenuation,and the system supplemented by PLC automatic control in the whole process,the cooling water impurities,particle size is controled at the 0.5 μm below,significantly improves the water quality of cooling water,increases the frequency of use of the cooling water circulation.


A novel coordination polymer [(Cu 4 I 6 )(BPE)]n(BPE = 1, 2-bis(pyridinium) ethane dication) is obtained and characterized by X-ray crystallography and IR spectroscopy. The complex crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group C2(1)/c with cell parameters of a = 16.5429(19) Å, b = 10.0645(12) Å, c = 11.7139(13) Å, α = 90.00°, β = 99.0910(10)°, γ = 90.00°. In the polymeric framework, [Cu 4 I 6 ]n dimers are bridged together by the two μ 2 -I ligands to constitute an infinite 1D chain with the organic dication BPE trapped in it. Photoluminescence investigation of the complex reveals that a red shift of 67 nm for the complex takes place, compared with the organic dication.


Our results, I hope, have for ever done away with the crude and barren idea that the alimentary canal is universally responsive to every mechanical, chemical, or thermal agency, regardless of the particular requirements of each phase of digestion. Instead of this hazy conception, we now see delineated an intricate mechanism which, like every thing else in nature, is adapted with the utmost delicacy and precision to the work which it has to perform.


Toxocara vitulorum infection in large ruminants is endemic in many tropical countries and particularly in South-East Asia. A single treatment of calves with pyrantel at 14–21 days of age effectively controls the parasite. Despite this treatment being readily available, T. vitulorum infection remains common and widespread. To understand drivers of effective control of T. vitulorum infection, we examined treatment practices and knowledge of smallholder farmers of this parasite plus determined annual calf morbidity and mortality and identified potential risk factors for these estimates. Interviews were conducted with 273 smallholder farmers who had calves tested for T. vitulorum 4–6 months earlier. Reproductive rates of 0.6 and 0.4 calf per annum in cattle and buffalo respectively, and annual calf morbidity and mortality of 42.6% (CI 0.38–0.47) and 37.3% (CI 0.33–0.42) respectively, were identified. Interviewed farmers had either none (80.6%) or only minimal (19.4%) knowledge about T. vitulorum and only 2.5% of the farmers treated their calves for T. vitulorum using the recommended control regime. Multivariable logistic regression analyses with random effects showed that the number of adult cattle per household, T. vitulorum infection status of the household herd and farmer knowledge of T. vitulorum were significantly associated with calf morbidity and mortality. Financial analysis using partial budgeting showed a net benefit of USD 3.69, 7.46, 11.09 or 14.86 per calf when treating calves with pyrantel and attributing 25%, 50%, 75% or 100% of morbidity and mortality to T. vitulorum infection. The study identified that poor reproduction, high calf morbidity and mortality combined with very limited farmer knowledge and effective control of endemic Toxocariasis, contribute to suboptimal large ruminant production in mixed smallholder farming systems in SouthEast Asia. The large net benefit per calf achievable by a single pyrantel treatment should drive implementation of this intervention by smallholder farmers, especially as demand for livestock products continues to increase in this region and forces a change to more production oriented farming. To support this, continued capacity building that ensures knowledge transfer of best practice T. vitulorum control to smallholder farmers is required. ∗ Corresponding author. Present address: Charles Sturt University, chool of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Locked Bag 681, Wagga Wagga, SW 2678, Australia. Tel.: +61 2 6933 4233; fax: +61 2 6933 2991. E-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com (L. Rast). 167-5877/$ – see front matter © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.10.021 © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


In this proceedings, we report the latest results of J/psi and Upsilon production from the STAR experiment at RHIC, in different colliding systems and colliding energies. J/psi nuclear modification factors (R_{AA}) in Au+Au collisions at 200, 62.4 and 39 GeV and in U+U collisions at 193 GeV, Upsilon R_{AA} in d+Au and Au+Au collisions at 200 and in U+U collisions at 193 GeV are shown and compared to different theoretical models. We also present prospects of quarkonium measurements at STAR.


Abstract In this paper, the authors review various criticisms of their published work on the sociology of school examinations at 16‐plus and consider how far the subsequent development and implementation of the GCSE examination necessitates a revision of their early position. Using a case study of integrated humanities, they argue that the more recent developments reflect an attempt to reopen the 'settlement' that their earlier work had described and to reach a new 'compromise'. They then consider the broader economic and political context in which these developments have taken place, paying particular attention to the changing nature of the political right under Thatcherism. In conclusion, they suggest that their earlier characterisation of the politics of school examinations in terms of struggles between old humanists, industrial trainers, public educators and state bureaucrats requires some refinement if it is to remain useful in the current context. *A previous version of this paper was first presente...


TECHNIQUE We use the Bradford Sling in the postoperative management of patients following pedicled latissimus dorsi flaps in selected breast reconstruction cases (Fig 1). Occasionally, at flap inset, the flap may be congested owing to a number of reasons including flap–defect mismatch, previous local surgery such as axillary clearance or sampling, radiotherapy and vessel fibrosis. Patients with a high body mass index have excess tissue in the axilla, which can cause significant pressure on the pedicle. Flap monitoring is generally performed on a routine basis (every 2–4 hours, as opposed to for free flaps, which require hourly flap observations in the first 48 hours after surgery, given that pedicled latissimus dorsi flaps have a more robust blood supply). Pressure on the pedicle can affect flap perfusion, worrying nursing and medical staff as well as the patient. Use of the sling in the first 48 hours following surgery in such cases maintains the pedicle length and minimises local pressure on the pedicle as well as local pressure in the axilla secondary to dissection and tissue swelling.


A compact data recorder using nonvolatile flash memory cards has been developed and is available for use in long-term and unmanned magnetometer data acquisition systems. A recently available flash memory card that consists of semiconductor memories is suitable for unmanned long-term recording in remote places difficult to visit frequently. This recorder collects 200 days of three-component 3-s-sampling geomagnetic data by using five pieces of a commonly sold 4-MB flash memory card and can be used for longer-term recording by using larger-capacity cards. Processing data from the cards to standard-format computer files is quick and smart, and no data are lost because of reading errors caused by physical damage.


This book will present globally the main results and findings from the facts and figures collected by the different workpackages through the analysis of the literature, through the interviews and from the tools developed in the project. This material was enriched by the inputs from the external experts we have invited in the two conferences of consensus and from the comments of the various stakeholders. The chapters are based on the same presentation and are divided in two parts: a report and some recommendations either to the Commission or to stakeholders.


The proposed system consists of an LC passive filter connected in series with three-phase active power filter. The passive filter is tuned to 13th order harmonic frequency. Major portion of harmonic current generated by nonlinear load is absorbs by passive filter, and active filter is used to improve filtering performance of the system by providing compensation for host of other higher order harmonics. Requirement of dc-link voltage of the active filter is less in the presented scheme as compared to that of standard voltage source active power filter without any other passive filtering component. This resulted in significant reduction in cost and power rating of active power filter. Analysis and design of various components of active filter are presented. Simulation analysis is carried out using instantaneous active-reactive power (P-Q) theory. Simulation results verify circuit configuration and filtering performance of the proposed topology. This system can be an attractive solution for effective harmonic filtering.


Starting from the impact of the RMB exchange rate volatility on Chinese part of silk road economic belt building,the article collects the relevant data of nine provinces in China from 1993 to 2013 and analyzes the effect of the RMB real effective exchange rate volatility on China 's foreign trade in the silk road economic belt based on unit root test,co- integration test,error correction parsing and Granger Causality Test. The conclusions are as follows: in the long run,the RMB real effective exchange rate volatility has some great negative effects on the import and export of nine provinces in silk road economic belt in China; in the short run,the RMB real effective exchange rate volatility has a positive effect on import and a negative effect on export of nine provinces; and meanwhile,there exists the Marshall- Lerner condition in seven provinces. Finally,it puts forward some suggestions for China's silk road economic belt building.


Self selection bias in mass-screening for gastric cancer was quantified using data from a group consisting of 66, 386 workers. Total observed person-year was 182, 779. Among males self selection bias was thought to exert some influence that made the incidence rate about 1. 13(all ages, 95%CI=0.65-1.97) or 1.23(over 40, 95%CI= 0.69-2.20)-fold higher and the mortality, rate about 1.22(all ages, 95%CI=0.48-3.13) or 1.42(over 40, 95%CI=0.54-3.69)-fold higher in the screening-attending group. Among females self selection bias was thought to exert some influence that made the incidence rate about 0.30(all ages and over 40, 95%CI=0.04-2.47 and 0.04-2.48)-fold lower and the mortality rate about 1.09(all ages, 95%CI=0.18-6.68) or 1.11(over 40, 95%CI=0.18-6.76)-fold higher in the screening-attending group. J Epidemiol, 1991 ; 1 : 7-10.


Weapon SoS is a large-scare complex system.The analysis and argumentation of weapon SoS is more complex,so the simulation environment supporting is important to the analysis and argumentation.On the characters and requirements of weapon SoS,combining the requirements of weapon SoS combat simulation under an information age,the paper studies on its support environment of simulation,puts forward three structures of support environment applied to different requirements of weapon SoS combat simulation,and analyses the functions of primary subsystems.The application results demonstrate that the simulation support environment based on requirements can be preferably applied to the analysis and argumentation of weapon SoS.


Brown, D. (2007). Communicating design: Developing Web site documentation for design and planning. Berkeley, CA: Peachpit Press. George, M., Rowlands, D., & Kastle, B. (2004). What is Lean Six Sigma? New York: McGraw-Hill. Jacoby, B. (1996). Service-learning in higher education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Pande, P., Neuman, R., & Cavanagh, R. (2000). The Six Sigma way: How GE, Motorola and other top companies are honing their performance. New York: McGraw-Hill.


An efficient construction of the central 1,2,4-trisubstituted pyrrole core via one-pot [3+2] cycloaddition/elimination/aromatization sequence-based domino process and subsequent Pd-mediated cross dehydrogenative coupling between the C-H bonds of pyrrole and the peripheral aryl rings enables rapid access to the pentacyclic coumarin-pyrrole-isoquinoline scaffolds which were smoothly elaborated to the targeted lamellarins alkaloids. The total synthesis of lamellarins Z and S with the highest overall yield reported till date, besides the synthesis of several other natural lamellarins have been realized in 5-6 steps with overall yields ranging from 20-27%.


Oxford Regional Health Authority is backing a plea from pharmacists to have a small number of dressings and treatments included in the Drug Tariff.


Objective To study the effect of rhein-estrone,a hybrid compound of estrone and rehein,on expressions of TGF-β1 and its receptorⅡ(TβRⅡ) in the long bones of fetal mice in vitro for postulating the mechanism by which rhein-estrone exerts its effect on bone.Methods The fetuses of pregnant mice were removed on day 16 of gestation,then the long bones of the forelimbs of female fetal mice were freed of muscle and soft tissues and cultured in a specifically manufactured device for 48 h in BGJb medium treated,respectively with 1×10-6 mol/L rhein-estrone,estrone,rhein and the mixture of estrone and rhein in the final medium.After cultured for 48 h,the long bones were harvested and immunohistochemical analysis was performed for determination of TGF-β1 and TβRⅡ proteins expression in epiphyseal plates.The number and their area of positive cells in the resting zone,the proliferative zone and the hypertrophic zone in epiphyseal plate were determined under image analytic system.Results When compared with the control group,the levels of TGF-β1 and TβRⅡ proteins were significantly up-regulated after treated respectively with 1×10-6 mol/L rhein-estrone,estrone or the complex of estrone and rhein,but no obvious up-regulation in both proteins were observed in each zone except TβRⅡ protein in the hypertrophic zone after treated with 1×10-6 mol/L rhein.When compared with the estrone group,the expression of TGF-β1 and TβRⅡ proteins in rhein-estrone group were enhanced in the resting zone and the proliferation zone.Conclusion The expressions of TGF-β1 and its receptor can be up-regulated by rhein-estrone and the up-regulated expressions may be related to promoting fetal mouse long bone growth in vitro.


Zusammenfassung

This Research Note analyzes the origins, the social structure, the typical career and the patterns of promotion of the Swiss diplomatic elite. The results highlight the fact that the diplomatic elite has well-differentiated career patterns which point to a high degree of professionalization. The average Swiss diplomat has spent two decades within the diplomatic service and more than 60 percent of his career on assignments abroad before having been appointed ambassador. But the typical career pattern of Switzerland's diplomatic elite seems to change partially. On the one hand, the percentage of lawyers within the elite has been constantly decreasing, and on the other the young ambassadors have been spending much more time in Bern than their older colleagues. These are some indications of a pluralization and differentiation of the diplomatic elite. In respect to the typical career of an ambassador, one has to emphasize the fact that most ambassadors start their careers on the foreign policy periphery before they are promoted to more prestigious posts and that they are until the very end of their careers subject to mandatory transfers which lead to a continuously high regional mobility.


This article gives details about how the author teaches about "Fiscal Management" at Boston's (USA) Simmons Graduate School of Library and Information Science. Included in the instructional methodology are methods of research, "the box," outside speakers, class assignments, papers, and final presentations.


Floating drug delivery system (FDDS) provides local delivery of the drug to specific region of stomach and proximal part of small intestine and also shows a better bioavailability and improved therapeutic efficacy and hence a significant benefits to the patients. Oral sustained release gastro-retentive dosage forms offer many advantages for drugs with the absorption from upper parts of the gastro intestinal tract. Gastric emptying is a complex process and it is highly variable. The floating drug delivery systems are useful methods to avoid this variability which increases the retention time of the drug delivery systems for more than 12 hours. Effervescent and non effervescent are two class of floating drug delivery system.1


In this paper, we investigate the properties of weekly stock market returns indexes. Four series are examined (Germany, France, United Kingdom and Switzerland). Non linear dependances are found for these markets. The QGARCH class of models describes the returns quite well. Residuals are i.i.d. but not gaussian.


The aim of this study was to compare physicians' perceptions of turnaround time (TAT) with measured TATs for potassium and troponin T, (i) before installation of a pneumatic tube system (PTS), (ii) after installation of the PTS, and (iii) after installation of the automated chemistry analytical system (ACAS). Physicians were in general more satisfied with the TAT of the emergency (stat) laboratory after installation of the ACAS. This finding is in contrast with the TATs for potassium, which worsened significantly (p<0.0001) with each developmental stage, probably because of simultaneous installation of other point-of-care (POC) systems at strategic places. We concluded that our emergency test TAT deteriorated with each developmental stage and decided to update communication systems, introduce a stat line for fast registration of specimens, prioritise chemistry requests from various intensive care units, wards and hospitals, and appoint more pre-analytical staff. A follow-up study will be necessary to reveal whether these precautionary measures were successful or not.


In this paper, upon the background of driving assistance on highway, we propose a real-time vehicle detection and tracking algorithm based on traffic scene analysis. We describe a general traffic scene analysis framework for vehicle detection and tracking based on roadside detection at first. On that basis, we present a new object detection algorithm via fusion of global classifier and part-based classifier and a vehicle detection algorithm integrating classifying confidence and local shadow. The local shadow is obtained by detecting the Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) using a multi-resolution strategy. Finally, we test our algorithm on several video sequence captured from highway and suburban roads. The test results show high efficiency and robustness when coping with environment transition, illumination variation and vehicle orientation change.


We give lower bounds on the state complexity of geometric Goppa codes. For Hermitian codes we calculate the DLP bound, /spl nabla/, and determine when /spl nabla/ is tight and when it is not.


It is known that thrombo-embolic (TE) events are one of the most important complications of immunomodulatory drugs used in multiple myeloma (MM). For this reason, thrombo-prophylaxis is very important according to the TE risk categories. I read with great interest of the paper published by Niesvizky et al. in this journal [1]. This study reported the use of low-dose aspirin as primary prophylaxis in three series of patients with MM treated by thalidomide or lenalidomide containing regimens. In these studies median age was at the beginning of the 60s and they had good KPS (70 or higher). In study I, thalidomide dose was 50–200 mg, dexamethasone dose was 40 mg once a week and chlarithromycin 500 mg twice a day. Before the use of aspirin, grade II and III–IV thrombosis developed in 8% and 15% of the cases, respectively. TEs did not develop in subsequent cases receiving aspirin. In study II, thalidomide dose was 50–200 mg and dexamethasone dose was standard (40 mg daily for 12 days in 1 month). In this cohort, patients randomised into two groups to receive either aspirin or not in conjunction with thalidomide or chemotherapy alone. TE developed in 21.4% of the cases not receiving aspirin and in 1 of 15 cases (6.6%) treated by aspirin. In study III, patients received standard dose lenalidomide and relatively low-dose dexamethasone (40 mg 6 days in first cycle and then 4 days monthly) and daily chlarithromycin and low-dose aspirin. TE occurred in nine (12.5%) of the cases and five of these were interrupted aspirin. Cases with TE were treated by full-dose low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin. In this report, authors concluded that low-dose aspirin appears to reduce the incidence of thrombosis, and may be an adequate agent for prophylaxis, except poor compliance, in cases treated by thalidomide or lenalidomide. However, two excellent reviews were published recently [2,3], in one of them [2] Niesvizky is one of the authors. In these reviews, it has been proposed that:


The synthesis and the catalytic activity of bis(μ-chloro)-bridged, phosphapalladacycle-fused diporphyrins (M-porphyrin-appended phosphapalladacycles: M = Zn, Ni, free-base), as well as the coordinating ability of their precursors, meso-phosphanylporphyrins are reported. Treatment of meso-phosphanylporphyrinatozinc(II) with an equimolar amount of PdCl2(NCPh)2 caused regioselective β-C–H activation of the porphyrin ring to produce bis(μ-chloro)-bridged Zn-porphyrin-appended phosphapalladacycle, which was further converted to the free-base- and Ni-porphyrin-appended analogs. The UV-vis absorption spectra of these palladium complexes showed weak exciton coupling between two porphyrin chromophores connected by the μ-chloro bridges. The M-porphyrin-appended phosphapalladacycles behaved as precatalysts for a high temperature Heck reaction between p-bromobenzaldehyde and butyl acrylate. In a range of the catalyst-loading of 0.05–0.005 mol.%, the catalytic activity was found to significantly depend on the central metal incorporated at the porphyrin core. The Ni-porphyrin-appended phosphapalladacycle showed considerably higher turnover frequency than did the Zn-porphyrin- and free-base-porphyrin-appended counterparts. This trend in the catalytic activity does not simply correlate with the σ-donating ability of the phosphorus center and the electron-donating ability of the porphyrin π-systems. Instead, it is related to the durability of the precatalysts under the reaction conditions employed. The observed results corroborate that the central metal of the meso-phosphanylporphyrin ligands plays a crucial role in the active Pd(0) catalyst-loading from the porphyrin-appended phosphapalladacycles at constant efficiency.


In order to overcome the influence of the model parameters and external disturbance on the controller performance in the conventional optimal control,this paper investigated an adaptive linear quadratic(ALQ) control design with its application to the longitudinal control law design of aircraft.Control system parameters were identified in real-time by an adaptive mechanism,and then control law was designed based on these parameters with linear quadratic optimal control,by the online adaptive adjustment of the control law parameters to achieve the ideal control results.Simulation results demonstrate that in the presence of external disturbances and modeling errors,contrast with the traditional LQ method,the application of this algorithm has better robustness and stability.


Dear Editor:

A 40-year-old male presented with 4 months history of multiple various sized erythematous to violaceous subcutaneous nodules on both extensor surfaces of elbows, which was partially movable and showed no symptoms (Fig. 1A). He was diagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 7 years ago. A variety of therapeutic options, such as systemic corticosteroid, antimalarial drug, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and methotrexate, were prescribed to control RA activity. However, they all failed to show symptomatic improvement. After that, the patient started adalimumab, a human monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, 40 mg injection every other week with concomitant systemic corticosteroid, methotrexate and a NSAID. Adalimumab injection improved signs and symptoms of RA gradually. However, the multiple subcutaneous nodules occurred in the extensor sides of the elbows two months after adalimumab injection. A skin biopsy was performed and it showed dense fibrinoid deposits in deep dermis. At high magnification, large palisading granulomas surrounding degenerated connective tissue and fibrin were noticed and infiltrating inflammatory cells were mostly composed of lymphocytes and histiocytes. Mucin deposition was rarely observed. Overall, it was consistent with rheumatoid nodule (Fig. 1B, C). The patient didn't receive any treatment, and there was no change in the lesion at the follow-up visit.

Fig. 1

(A) Multiple various sized erythematous to violaceous subcutaneous nodules on both extensor surfaces of elbows. (B) Biopsy showed dense fibrinoid deposits in deep dermis (H&E, ×100). (C) Biopsy showed palisading granulomas surrounding ...

Rheumatoid nodule development is extremely rare side effect of TNF-α antagonists and only two cases after etanercept and adalimumab injection have reported so far. However, in the previous report caused by adalimumab injection, rheumatoid nodule was diagnosed by only ultrasonogram1. Thus, to our knowledge, this is the first report of rheumatoid nodules confirmed by histopathologic diagnosis following the treatment with adalimumab.

Rheumatoid nodules are one of the most common extra-articular manifestations of RA, usually associated with severe disease activity. Macrophage is the main infiltrating inflammatory cell in both rheumatoid nodule and synovial membrane of RA and they show similar expressions of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra)2. However, in this case, rheumatoid nodules were developed when the signs and symptoms of RA had been gradually improving by the adalimumab.

There are several differences between rheumatoid nodule and synovial membrane of RA. Rheumatoid nodules lack infiltrating B cells, plasma cells, and organized lymphoid structures. In addition, E-selectin expression, IL-1 level are higher and TNF-α concentration is significantly lower in the rheumatoid nodule compared to the synovial membrane of RA3, which suggests that development of rheumatoid nodules might be less influenced by TNF-α. One study with TNF-α knockout mice demonstrated abnormally low TNF-α level might induce an exaggeration of the effects driven by other inflammatory mediators4. Therefore, it could be considered that excessive TNF-α suppression could induce the development of rheumatoid nodules.

Furthermore, anti-TNF-α treatments increase peripheral blood counts which are thought to be related to reduced cell traffic to the inflamed joint in RA5. Thus it is conceivable that these migratory cells infiltrate other inflamed tissues and form rheumatoid nodules.

So herein, we report a case with great interest which could be one of the example and supporting clinical evidence of the paradoxical effects of anti-TNF-α treatment.


MR-compatible robot is one of important research subjects,and more and more applications in minimaly invasive surgery have been adopted by surgeons.Firstly,status of research on MR-compatible surgical robot was introduced and analyzed in detail from the functions and MR-compatibility.Then the key individual technologies involved were discussed and compared.Finally,the future development trends were forecasted based on the previous analysis.


A report on the first years' work on this project has now been lodged at the Institute and with the Western Regional Aboriginal Land Council. I present here a summary of that report which concentrates particularly on the discussions which have taken place with Aboriginal people.


Objective: To investigate airway involvement in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and airflow obstruction (AO) using high-resolution computed tomography. Methods: Forty-two sarcoidosis patients with AO and 42 matched sarcoidosis patients without AO were retrospectively analyzed. High-resolution computed tomographic patterns of airway involvement were bronchial distortion, peribronchovascular thickening, small airway obstruction, and bronchial compression by enlarged lymph nodes. Results: Interobserver agreement was good (&kgr; > 0.8). High-resolution computed tomographic patterns of airway involvement were found more frequently, scored higher, and were more often multiple (P < 0.05) in patients with AO than those without. Functional improvement under treatment was observed more frequently in patients with predominant peribronchovascular thickening compared with patients with predominant bronchial distortion (P < 0.03). Conclusions: In pulmonary sarcoidosis patients with AO, high-resolution computed tomography is a reliable tool to identify underlying airways involvements, which are often multiple, and enables prediction of the therapeutic response.


A modified hydrodynamic model of the С 60 molecule polarization response has been developed on the basis of the quantum (non-quasiclassical) description of longitudinal waves in a Fermi-degenerate plasma. The model allows one to take into account the spatial dispersion in this plasma formed by the valence (delocalized) electrons. The frequency dependence of the С 60 dipole moment and scattering cross-section is calculated. It is shown that an appropriate choice of the damping constant results in a satisfactory agreement between calculated and experimentally observed resonance curves.


The influences of final temperature and heating rate on the pyrolysis characteristics of coking coal tailings and the pyrolysis products were examined by fixed-bed pyrolysis and TG analysis. The tailing pyrolysis kinetics parameters were calculated by using Coats-Redfern method. The activation energy of the pyrolysis of tailings was between 22.6-66.2 kJ/mol, and the process of pyrolysis could be described by three second-order reactions. The results of fixed reactor experiment showed that the temperature had important influence on the tailings volatiles release. There was no gas formation below 600 ℃, and the reaction remarkably occurred after 600 ℃, where the yields and the caloric value of gases increased simultaneously. With the increase of temperature, hydrogen, methane and carbon dioxide first increased and then decreased but carbon monoxide increased. The maximum release of hydrogen (72.61%) and methane(22.09%) appeared respectively at about 900 and 800 ℃. The tailings pyrolysis by 30 g tailings of coking coal could produce 4.3 L gas and 1.72 L hydrogen. The products had good yields and reuse value. The research is of great significance to guide the tailings disposal.


Wireless communication has become a standard solution to address ever-increasing demands for information transfer in our modern society. Conventional systems work in an active way in the sense that an active carrier signal is mandatorily required to transfer information from Alice to Bob. Especially in the era of 5G6G and with the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), an exponential growth of users and connectivity confronts conventional systems with important challenges including limited spectrum resources, information security, energy consumption and cost efficiency. Here, we introduce the fundamentally different concept of passive wireless communication (PWC) which has the potential to resolve the above-mentioned issues. PWC transfers digital information by modulating demodulating already existing omnipresent ambient stray electromagnetic waves using a programmable metasurface. We provide a theoretical framework for encoding decoding and modulating demodulating in PWC and build a proof-of-principle prototype system leveraging existing commodity 2.4GHz Wi-Fi signals. We demonstrate information transfer from Alice to Bob with data rates on the order of hundreds of Kbps using distinguishable information-carrying control coding patterns of metasurface, neither necessitating an active carrier signal and its associated radio-frequency chain nor affecting the background active wireless communication. The presented strategy is particularly appealing for green IoT connectivity. At the same time, the concept is applicable to all types of wave phenomena and provides a fundamentally new perspective on the design of future wireless communication architectures.


A new method for manufacturing advanced composite propellers was developed. Highefficiency propellers frequently exhibit thin sections and small root sizes coupled with high stiffness and strength requirements. Accurately creating a precise airfoil cross-section and maintaining a flawless surface are also crucial to maximizing efficiency. Carbon-fiber composite materials are ideally suited to meet stringent performance requirements, but achieving consistent high-quality manufacturing can be difficult and expensive. In order to create a one-piece, twobladed propeller, a novel method of tooling design using a three-piece mold was developed that reduces design time and simplifies machining of propeller molds. A computer program was written to evaluate the optimized propeller geometry and identify a pair of silhouette curves. These curves, along with the trailing edge of the blade, are used to define a new set of curves defining a core and two-piece cavity side of a mold. The new curves were output to a data file formatted for Pro/Engineer CAD/CAM software. Three mold sections are easily designed from the curve segments. Two sections comprise the recessed cavity and the third forms the protruding core side. By creating the cavity side in two parts, the mold can be easily machined with simple tooling and a three-axis computer numeric controlled milling machine, reducing both cost and time to manufacture the mold. The deep cavity simplifies the process of preparing the reinforcement layup and the three-part mold also makes it easier to remove the propeller from the mold. In place of the usual solid composite hub, integral metal hubs may also be included. These metal hubs simplify the molding process, increase the overall strength of the propeller, and allow for a more secure connection to the propeller shaft. Carbon composite propellers were successfully manufactured using vacuum resin infusion in a prototype mold. This innovative process demonstrated the ability to produce strong, high-quality, void-free propellers. Introduction and Project Design Specification – The development of a composite propeller construction method fulfilled a distinct Grove City College Mechanical Engineering Department need for efficient propellers suited for Human Powered Vehicles. High-efficiency propellers operating in water frequently exhibit thin, highaspect blades with small cross-sections and roots coupled with high stiffness and strength requirements. Accurately creating a precise airfoil cross-section and maintaining a flawless surface are also crucial to maximizing efficiency. Adequate propellers are not available commercially. Previous attempts at machining metal propellers demonstrated that the process was very difficult, expensive, time consuming and produced structurally unsound parts. Carbonfiber composite materials are ideally suited to meet the stringent performance requirements of propellers.


Seismic base isolation is a technique for mitigating the effects of earthquakes on structures. A structure is decoupled from the potentially damaging forces of an earthquake by placing a flexible isolation system between the structure and the ground. A data base has been created for the US Department of Energy which contains information about systems used to achieve seismic isolation, their applications in structures, and how they have performed during earthquakes. This paper will present and overview of the database.


Frequency dividers are used widely in the integrated circuit,as the basic clock signal import.Use 22~31 Programmable Frequency Divider to expatiate the logic design,and the function test of the logic design.importing a standard clock,through encoder,and using the chain of the triggers,it can export 22~31 dividable frequency.


Background: Preeclampsia (PreE), a de novo development of Hypertension in consort with proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in mother and the offs...


This book analyses the influence of the EU courts' procedural law on the EU fundamental rights doctrine, using the example of economic fundamental rights (Articles 15 and 16 of the European Charter of Fundamental Rights). Starting with the judicial practice of the past ten years, the distinction of the scope of various fundamental rights, the depth of scrutiny toward the Union legislator and the position of the economic fundamental rights in relation to other rights are examined. In doing so, the book illustrates the enormous – and heretofore far underestimated – relevance of procedural rules, the parties' strategies, and of pure chance for the European Court of Justice's approach to fundamental rights.
The book shows the potential for reform of the EU courts in order for them to meet the justified expectation of an informed and consistent case law on fundamental rights, and presents proposals for a framework of EU economic rights in the European federation.


ABSTRACT Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore how contextual aspects of participants' lives before and throughout relocation to assisted living (ALF) informed family experience of family life review (FLR). Method: Fourteen families participated in a single FLR session within 6 months of the older adults' relocation. Semi-structured interviews, conducted one-month following the FLR session, were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Demographic and relational variables provided context for assessing how individual and family dynamics influenced the family relocation process. Results: Techniques were used during the three phases of FLR (introduction, validation, consolidation) to encourage openness and mutual dialogue between family members. Health-related limitations challenged older adults' understanding and openness during the FLR. Mental health concerns linked to older adults' outlook on life, comfort in conversation during the FLR, and reflection of lifelong social ties. Family involvement and dynamics influenced how families communicated about their mutual narrative and the relocation transition. Conclusion: FLR is an adaptable intervention to assist older adults and their family during a transition to ALF. Although contextual challenges impacted how families experienced the FLR, they enjoyed FLR as a unifying event that promoted mutual understanding. Clinical Implications: The use of FLR facilitates enhanced understanding and communication during relocation. Older adults' health status as well as family dynamics need to be assessed prior to organizing a FLR to accommodate each families' unique needs.


In this thesis, we have investigated conformal symmetries of the Ricci tensor, also known as conformal Ricci collineations (CRCs), for certain physically important spacetimes including kantowski-Sachs spacetimes, static spacetimes with maximal symmetric transverse spaces, non-static spherically symmetric spacetimes and locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi type I and V spacetimes. For each of these spacetimes, the CRC equations are solved in degenerate as well as non-degenerate cases. When the Ricci tensor is degenerate, it is observed that for all the above mentioned spacetimes, the Lie algebra of CRCs is infinite-dimensional. For non-degenerate Ricci tensor, it is shown that the spacetimes under consideration always admit a finite-dimensional Lie algebra of CRCs. For Kantowski-Sachs and locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi type V metrics, we obtain 15-dimensional Lie algebras of CRCs, which is the maximum dimension of conformal algebra for a spacetime. In case of static spacetimes with maximal symmetric transverse spaces, the dimension of Lie algebra of CRCs turned out to be 6, 7 or 15. Similarly, it is observed that non-static spherically symmetric spacetimes may possess 5, 6 or 15 CRCs for non-degenerate Ricci tensor. Finally, the dimension of Lie algebra of CRCs for locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi type I spacetimes is shown to be 7or 15-dimensional. For all the above mentioned spacetimes, the CRCs are found subject to some highly non-linear differential constraints. In order to show that the classes of CRCs are non-empty, some examples of exact form of the corresponding metric satisfying these constraints are provided.


In this paper we present the MUMS Multimodal Route Navigation System which combines speech, pen, and graphics into a PDA-based multimodal system. We focus especially on the three-level modality fusion component which we believe provides an accurate and more flexible input fusion than the usual twolevel approaches. The modular architecture of the system supports flexible component management, and the interface is designed to enable natural interaction with the user, with an emphasis on adaptation and users with special needs.


List of Illustrations Preface -David Ruderman Introduction -Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett and Jonathan Karp I. CULTURE, COMMERCE, AND CLASS 1. Theater as Educational Institution: Jewish Immigrant Intellectuals and Yiddish Theater Reform -Nina Warnke 2. Film and Vaudeville on New York's Lower East Side -Judith Thissen 3. Of Maestros and Minstrels: American Jewish Composers between Black Vernacular and European Art Music -Jonathan Karp II. SITING THE JEWISH TOMORROW 4. May Day, Tractors, and Piglets: Yiddish Songs for Little Communists -Anna Shternshis 5. Performing the State: The Jewish Palestine Pavilion at the New York World's Fair, 1939/40 -Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett 6. Was There Anything Particularly Jewish about "The First Hebrew City"? -Anat Helman 7. Re-Routing Roots: Zehava Ben's Journey between Shuk and Suk -Amy Horowitz III. LOST IN PLACE 8. The "Wandering Jew" from Medieval Legend to Modern Metaphor -Richard I. Cohen 9. Diasporic Values in Contemporary Art: Kitaj, Katchor, Frenkel -Carol Zemel IV. PORTRAITS OF THE ARTIST AS JEW 10. Modern? American? Jew? Museums and Exhibitions of Ben Shahn's Late Paintings -Diana L. Linden 11. Max Liebermann and the Amsterdam Jewish Quarter -Walter Cahn 12. Rome and Jerusalem: The Figure of Jesus in the Creation of Mark Antokol'skii -Olga Litvak V. IN SEARCH OF A USABLE AESTHETIC 13. A Modern Mitzvah-Space-Aesthetic: The Philosophy of Franz Rosenzweig -Zachary Braiterman 14. Reestablishing a "Jewish Spirit" in American Synagogue Music: The Music of A. W. Binder -Mark Kligman 15. The Evolution of Philadelphia's Russian Sher Medley -Hankus Netsky VI. HOTEL TERMINUS 16. Framing Nazi Art Loot -Charles Dellheim 17. Joseph Lewitan and the Nazification of Dance in Germany -Marion Kant 18. History, Memory, and Moral Judgment in Documentary Film: On Marcel Ophuls's Hotel Terminus: The Life and Times of Klaus Barbie -Susan Rubin Suleiman Notes Notes on Contributors Acknowledgments


Abstract : In comparison with dialysis and the methods of protein precipitation, gel filtration offers considerable advantages in the removal of salts from protein solutions. The behavior of inorganic ions (milligram to submicrogram amounts) was studied on Sephadex micro-columns with the aid of radioactive isotopes. Inorganic ions were found to behave deversely depending on the concentration chosen and the swelling and elution liquid. In 0.9% sodium-chloride solution, sub microgram amounts of cations and anions also enter the gel phase; they can be separated quantitatively and reproducibly from the protein which remains excluded from the gel phase. On the basis of the experimental data furnished, the gel filtration with Sephadex G-25 can be used for the separation of protein-bound serum iodine (PBI) from inorganic iodine. In contrast to the previous methods of separation, it is likewise useful for blood serums with extremely augmented iodide content. The saving in time and work is a further advantage.


The SnO_2 nanopowder was prepared by the chemical precipitation reaction of SnCl_2·2H_2O and NH_3·H_2O under the action of ultrasonic wave, in which no inclusions were found with a yield approaching theoretical value if controlling pH=5.0. The structure of SnO_2 was transformed from amorphous to crystalline via calcination process, and the calcination temperature affected obviously its grain size which increases with increasing calcination temperature and in accordance to the equation d=0.2027t-30.7750. However, the time for calcination exerts no significant influence on the grain size. It was found preferable that the structure transform of SnO_2 nanopowder is calcined at 350℃ for 15min, thus obtaining the spherical SnO_2 crystals about 20nm.


We present a numerical study of the many-body localization (MBL) phenomenon in the high-temperature limit within an anisotropic Heisenberg model with random local fields. Taking the dynamical spin conductivity σ(ω) as the test quantity, we investigate the full frequency dependence of sample-to-sample fluctuations and their scaling properties as a function of the system size L≤28 and the frequency resolution. We identify differences between the general interacting case Δ>0 and the anisotropy Δ=0, the latter corresponding to the standard Anderson localization. Except for the extreme MBL case when the relative sample-to-sample fluctuations became large, numerical results allow for the extraction of the low-ω dependence of the conductivity. Results for the dc value σ0 indicate a crossover into the MBL regime, i.e., an exponential-like variation with the disorder strength W. For the same regime, our numerical analysis indicates that the low-frequency exponent α exhibits a small departure from α∼1 only.


The effects of copper and zinc on the daily shell growth of Mytilus edulis have been measured with a laser diffraction measuring technique accurate to 3 µm. The results show that within three days 10 ppb added copper has a significant inhibitory effect on shell growth. Longer term experiments have been undertaken which show that the effects of 10 ppb added copper become more severe as exposure time increases. Recovery of near normal shell growth does occur on transfer to clean sea water even after a 14 day exposure to this concentration. The effects of zinc on shell growth are less severe. Transferring animals from their natural environment to the laboratory causes a measurable disturbance of shell growth for up to a week.


In this work, alternating copolymer of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) [poly(HEMA-alt-NIPAM)] was synthesized via ATRP-based cyclopolymerization of a divinyl monomer carrying transformable linker and aminolysis transformation of resulting...


The basement of the Pannonian Basin contains several fractured metamorphic hydrocarbon reservoirs that typically form structural highs between the Neogene sedimentary sub-basins. One of the largest reservoirs, the Szeghalom Dome, is located on the northern margin of the Bekes Basin and is mainly composed of Variscan gneisses and amphibolites with different metamorphic evolutions. These petrologically incompatible blocks were juxtaposed by post-metamorphic tectonic activity that was accompanied by the formation of brittle fault zones with elevated transmissibilities. The aim of this study was to define the spatial arrangement of these fault zones and their internal architecture by integrated evaluations of borecore and well-log data from a group of wells in the central part of the field. Spatial correlations between the reconstructed 1D lithologic columns revealed the main structural elements of the Szeghalom Dome. The low-angle (<15°) thrust faults most likely developed due to north-northwest vergent Cretaceous nappe tectonics, which was probably responsible for the juxtaposition of the different metamorphic blocks. A complex system of normal faults throughout the basement high provides evidence of intense Miocene extensional tectonic activity. This phase of the geodynamical evolution of the basin is believed to be responsible for the horst-graben structure of the Szeghalom Dome. The integration of the structural results with datasets of the paleo-fluid evolution, recent production and fracture network geometry indicates the importance of these fault zones in both the migration of hydrocarbons from the adjacent sub-basins to the overlying sediments and the development of significant storage capacity within the strongly fractured rock masses (mainly the amphibolite bodies). These observations of fluid flow also emphasized the impact of strong permeability anisotropy of the faults throughout the fractured reservoir.


To develop a simple, selective and sensitive high performance thin layer chromatographic method for the determination of Ofloxacin in human plasma. The method had been validated for linearity, precision, accuracy and stability following EMEA and US CDER guidelines for bioanalytical method validation. Sample was prepared by liquid – liquid extraction using chloroform. Chloroform layer seperated was evaporated and reconstituted in methanol and spotted on TLC plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254. Mirtazepine was used as an internal standard. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of n-butanol: ethanol: ammonia in tha ratio of 5:5:4 v/v/v. The drug showed considerable absorbance at 294 nm. The method was found to be linear over the concentration range of 50–600 ng/band. Mean drug recovery was found to be 98.76%. Ofloxacin in plasma samples was stable parameters as per EMEA and US CDER guidelines. The method was found to be precise, accurate and can further be extented to pharmacokinetic studies for therapeutic drug monitoring of Ofloxacin in routine clinical practices.


Upon reflection, it seems ecological research often involves either dismantling ecosystems into their components or assembling "parts" into ecosystems. Thankfully, some ecologists do both. For example, A. S. Watt upon his return from the "Great War" produced a pair of wonderful papers deconstructing the components and processes of British beech woods (Watt 1923, 1925). These papers outlined the microsites favored by regeneration of different tree species, documented experiments on excluding seed predators and seedling grazers, and investigated how such processes influenced the regeneration patterns of the trees in the canopy gaps produced by tree falls of different sizes. A second "Great War" later, he drew this together (Watt 1947) as a towering synthesis paper, which theorized that vegetation pattern arises from the local spatial dynamics produced by deaths of dominant individual plants and the consequent recovery process. Summation across many mosaic elements with their unstable, quasiperiodic dynamics produced the on-average predictable spatial pattern of the vegetation —an ecosystem quantum mechanics with canopy elements as the quanta. Watt's paper trail is but one of the threads that interweaves with others to produce the fabric of an ongoing synthesis of plant communities as working mechanisms. Consider Joseph Grinnell's niche theory (Grinnell 1917a, b). The son of an Indian Agency physician, Grinnell grew up among the Oglala Lakota (Sioux) and was befriended by their chief, Red Cloud (Maȟpiya Luta, 1822–1909) in what is now the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota. Grinnell's concept of the ecological niche is a huntergatherer's concept, "What conditions (climate, soil, other associated species, etc.) determine where a particular species of plant or animal will be found?" Other threads include increasing quantification and observational capacity in ecology: remote sensing of large-scale patterns of ecosystems; systems ecology with dynamic equations to formalize theories on change; multivariate statistics to explore and interpret large complex data sets; increased computational power coupled with diminished per calculation cost. These come to together in the formulation, testing, and analysis of computer models of Watt's mosaic elements based on simulating the birth, death, and growth of individual plants. Called individual-based models (Huston et al. 1988), these algorithms channel Grinnell's niche theory to determine conditions that might produce successful plant regeneration. With a dollop of ecophysiology to simulate individual plant growth and death, one form of these models, called "gap models" (Shugart and West 1980), essentially reproduce the dynamics that Watt postulated to underlie vegetation pattern. Collectively, gap models (Botkin et al. 1972, Shugart and West 1977) produce a theoretical basis for forest dynamics.


Abstract Fibers of PET were drawn at 80°C and investigated by small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) after annealing with free ends at temperatures up to 240°C. While the as-drawn fiber had no identifiable discrete SAXS pattern, evidence for an alternating two-phase microstructure was seen after annealing at 100°C. Annealing at temperatures up to 200°C resulted in well oriented SAXS patterns which doubled in integrated intensity. During this stage of (low-temperature) annealing, it is envisioned that oriented amorphous regions partially crystallize, leading to transverse growth of oriented microfibrils. Annealing at or above 225°C causes the SAXS pattern to become arced, implying disorientation of the fiber via the presence of a largely molten structure. Quenching from these highest annealing temperatures results in a slight decrease in the SAXS intensity which is attributed to the formation of thicker transition zones at the crystal-amorphous interface during rapid crystallization. By comparison to previous...


Objective To develop a sensitive,specific and rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of ochratoxin A(OA).To develop rapid detection kits that possessing patent of our country.Methods To produced hybridoma cell lines excreting monoclonal antibodies against OA by using B cell hybridom technique.And to obtain the monclonal antibodies against OA.Results The indirect competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay(ELISA) was developed for detection OA in rice and wheat.The limit of detection concentration of OA was 0.5?ng/ml.The linear range of standard curve was between 2-500?ng/ml,the linear equation was Y=-0.272X+1.07( r =0 997?8).The recovery of OA was between 79 0%-119.7%.The OA contamination level of rice and wheat that were sold in Beijing was surveyed by using the method.Contamination rate of wheat was 60.71%,the maximum level was 8.26?μg/kg;the contamination rate of rice as 17.86%,the maximum level was 3.44?μg/kg.Conclusion The detection method was simple,fast sensitive and can meet the demand of practical work.


Speleophriopsis balearicus n. gen., n. sp., and Speleophria gymnesica, n. sp. are described from the flooded coastal karst of the Balearic Is. Two existing species of Speleophria are transferred to the new genus. Speleophriopsis scottodicarloi (Boxshall and Iliffe), new combination, occurs on Bermuda (Atlantic) and S. campaneri (Boxshall and Iliffe), new combination, in the Palau Archipelago (Indo-West Pacific). The type species of Speleophria is known only from caves on Bermuda. Both genera are noteworthy for displaying the most primitive condition known in copepods of the allobasis of maxilla (setal formula 5,3), and of the male antennule which, in Speleophriopsis n. gen., is geniculate but exhibits a 27-segmented condition. They inhabit cave waters with salinities in excess of 18‰., avoiding lower salinity inland groundwater habitats. A Tethyan relict status is proposed for both taxa.


Cultivating innovative talents for application is one of the most important development directions for the undergraduate talent training mode. Aiming at the resource-constrained private application universities, it is in great urgency to combine the school-running concept of "Application-oriented, Open Type and New Experience" with the CDIO engineering education model. The experiment lessons are separated from the relevant theoretical courses, and then are recombined and innovated. Finally, a specialized experimental curriculum system is set up independently by the automobile structure experiment, the professional experiment and the professional direction experiment. Combining the academic competitions with the innovative education, we should gradually establish a professional experiment content system from the basic experiment to the application experiment and then to the open experiment. The localization and specialization of the advanced teaching mode should be actively explored.


Summary Field surveys to investigate the grey-shanked doucs (Pygathrix cinerea) in Kon Cha Rang Nature Reserve, and Kon Ka Kinh National Park, Gia Lai Province were conducted in 2004 and 2006. The results indicate that only grey-shanked doucs exist in these protected forests and in their buffer zones. 10 groups were observed in these surveys with about 139-150 individuals. The main habitat of the species is primary montane evergreen forest (900-1300 m asl). The southern distribution of the species was confirmed to the latitude 14 o 13'N. The DNA analysis documents that the Kon Cha Rang population of grey-shanked douc is genetically close to the population in Ba To, Quang Ngai Province. Main threats to the species are hunting, logging and the wildlife trade. A forest corridor between these two protected forests should be immediately established in order to maintain a sustainable population of grey-shanked doucs in this area.


Bronzeware manufactured during Roman antiquity in Campania had an outstanding reputation. Its metallurgical quality could be confirmed by the investigation of two objects excavated in Herculaneum. The chemical analysis shows that a high purity bronze with 8.6% of tin was used. This is in agreement with Pliny's comment in his Historia naturalis. It supports the argument that the technical term plumbum argentarium by which he designated the alloying element means tin. The metallographic observation of the different microstructures reveals that the bellies of the basins were made by hammering the rim of a cast base plate. Residual dendrites in the base plate indicates that the plate did not undergo wroughting. The absence of porosity and micro-cracks in the used long-range freezing alloy could only be obtained with a sophisticated casting technology probably based on directional solidification.


a few miles from Bingerbruck. The town, consisting of an -old aRd a new part, is built on the banks of the Nahe, and .conneeted by bridges. On an island between the two is the -Kurhaus standing in charming gardens. There also is the principal spring-the Elizabeth-Quelle-used chiefly for drinking purposes. The baths in the Kurhaus are supplied by the Nahe and Victoria-Quellen, and are very well fitted up, though the yellowy brown colour, which they are painted to -disguise the brown stains made by the brine water, prevents them' from looking as tempting as they otherwise would. 'There are thirty-four baths only in the Kurhaus, but all the hotels and lodging-houses are supplied with water from the .springs-indeed, it is impossible for love or money to get any other. The water used for bathing purposes from all the springs <including the Oranien-Quelle, which supplies the OranienHof, and the Karl's Halle, which supplies the houses in the town) is simply brine water. A warm salt-water bath, be:sides having a stimulating effect upon the skin, also, it is assert ed, -causes the fbreathing to


Constraint logic programming combines Horn-clause logic a nd constraint reasoning. However, the specification of many problems often requires d isjunctive, i.e. non-Horn rules in addition. There are approaches proposing such an extensi on of logic programming, but first and foremost they provide theoretical frameworks only . Here, we want to introduce a method which is also well-suited for implementation, namel y constraint model elimination. It can be seen as a powerful programming language for positiv e disjunctive logic programs. Hence, we state not only refutational, but answer-complete ness of our calculus in this paper. The main idea of the implementation is to compile the logical part of a problem specification into Prolog (using the so-called PTTP-technique) and to exp loit existing constraint solvers (available with many Prolog systems nowadays). The whole ap proach is integrated into the Protein theorem prover. We also consider some applications for this approach, e.g. analysing rule sets.


Background: Elimination of endodontic pathogens through appropriate cleaning and shaping procedures along with strict isolation protocols is of great significance for disinfecting this complex anatomy of the root canal configuration. Persistent periradicular lesions are usually associated with Enterococcus faecalis. Various compounds are being utilized as irrigants throughout the cleaning shaping procedures to accomplish the favorable level of disinfection. Aim: the current study aim to compare the anti-microbial efficiency of Salvadora Persica (Miswak-Siwak) and Chitosan in comparison with Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl). Also comparing their ability to eradicate the smear layer. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five extracted human single rooted teeth were cut at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). The roots were instrumented by k-files till size 25. These teeth were sterilized and then contaminated by Enterococcus Faecalis in brain heart infusion for 3 weeks. The samples will divide into 4 groups (S.Persica, Chitosan, NaOCl and normal saline). The bacterial count was calculated using colony forming unit (CFU). Then, the roots were split longitudinally and examined by SEM for evaluation of smear layer removal in coronal, middle and apical thirds. Results: Regarding antibacterial effect, NaOCl showed the least mean values, however saline showed the highest, followed by S. Persica and Chitosan. Regarding smear layer removal, S.Persica showed the least values. NaOCl and positive control showed the highest, followed by Chitosan. Conclusion: The use of herbal alternatives as root canal irrigating solutions might prove to be advantageous considering several unfavorable properties of NaOCl. Key words: Antibacterial efficacy, Chitosan, Enterococcus faecalis, Root canal irrigation, S.Persica, NaOCl.


The extraction of water, nitric acid, and uranyl nitrate by di-2-ethylhexyl sulfoxide (DEHSO) in dodecane has been measured. Using the program SXLSQA, the data were modeled with correction for nonideality effects (treatments of Hildebrand and Scott and of Pitzer) in terms of the organic-phase species (DEHSO)(H{sub 2}O), (DEHSO){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O), (DEHSO)(HNO{sub 3}), (DEHSO){sub 2}(HNO{sub 3})(H{sub 2}O), (DEHSO)(HNO{sub 3}){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O), and UO{sub 2}(NO{sub 3}){sub 2}(DEHSO){sub 2}(H{sub 2}O){sub w}. 11 refs., 4 figs.


Nabokov loved the casual abundance he found in America, but he also disliked its vulgarity and felt conflicted about this split. This ambivalence is revealed in his attitude toward the flesh, both his own and his characters'.


Embodiments of the present invention, a light transmitting portion for transmitting the light to the subject, receives an acoustic wave generated by the object is transmitted light, arranged light transmission portion therein, the light transmission portion the first surface is arranged to be exposed to the outside, comprising an acoustic wave receiving section, and provides a photoacoustic imaging probe.


Transmission network expansion planning(TNEP)is a complex combinatorial optimization problem.Although this problem has been extensively studied,it is still not well solved.In recent years,a new meta-heuristic method,ant colony algorithm,is emerging.It is highly efficient for quickly finding high quality solutions to combinatorial optimization problems.In this paper,an improved ant algorithm is introduced to the transmission network expansion planning,and the corresponding mathematical model,together with its solution algorithm,is also presented.The simulation results for two sample systems,although preliminary,show its advantage on computing speed and convergence.


TPS9103Background: Standard therapy for advanced NSCLC consists of platinum (plat)-based doublet chemotherapy (chemo), bevacizumab (bev), pemetrexed (pem), targeted agents and PD-L1/PD-1–targeted i...


Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by high levels of blood glucose. A high-fat diet can cause hyperglycemia .Hyperglycemia will cause the formation of free radicals which can damage cells. Aloksan is a chemical that can damage beta cells, resulting in decreased insulin production. Ketapang ( Terminalia catappa ) is a plant that can be used because of its antioxidant content. The administration of ketapang extract ( Terminalia catappa ) is thought to reduce levels of malondialdehyde. Malondialdehyde is a biomarker for the occurrence of lipid peroxidation in the body caused by an increase in free radicals due to the occurrence of oxidative stress. This study used Wistar rats divided into 4 groups. Three groups will be given high-fat diet for 7 days followed by induced alloxan at a dose of 90 mg / kgBW to increase blood glucose levels and pancreatic malondialdehyde levels. Then 2 groups will be given treatment for 14 days. The first treatment group was given Ketapang extract with a dose of 600 mg / kgBW and the second treatment group which was given glibenclamide using a dose of 0.09 mg / kgBW. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in pancreatic malondialdehyde in  Wistar rats induced by  glibenclamide (p = 0.016). In the group induced by ketapang leaf and fruit extract (Terminalia catappa) there was a decrease in malondialdehyde levels but was not significant (p = 0.916). Conclusions,  this study indicated that the administration of ketapang leaf and fruit ( Terminalia catappa ) extract were able to reduce the levels of pancreatic malondialdehyde given a high-fat diet and induced by alloxan.


Parents who have had children removed constitute a vulnerable group of adults, who have been determined for a variety of reasons as not providing adequate care for their children. Parents with intellectual disability are at high risk of having their children removed from their care. Studies in Australia and internationally have found that up to one in three children of parents with intellectual disabilities will be placed in alternate care (Booth and Booth, 2005; McConnell, Llewellyn, and Ferronato, 2002; Mirfin-Veitch, Bray, Williams, Clarkson, and Belton, 1999). Despite these large numbers, little is known about the support needs of parents with intellectual disability in this situation. This paper reports on an innovative group program Parents on the Outside for mothers with intellectual disabilities who have lost custody of their children.


When decorticated grains are grown at 25°C, in the dark and on a wet substratum the starchy endosperm is progressively dissolved and the residue is surrounded by a fluid filled space. The pattern of endosperm liquefaction is described. Attention is called to the important differences which exist between malted grains and those which have been grown 'wet and warm'.


Prior efforts have shown that under certain situations retrieval effectiveness may be improved via the use of data fusion techniques. Although these improvements have been observed from the fusion of result sets from several distinct information retrieval systems, it has often been thought that fusing different document retrieval strategies in a single information retrieval system will lead to similar improvements. In this study, we show that this is not the case. We hold constant systemic differences such as parsing, stemming, phrase processing, and relevance feedback, and fuse result sets generated from highly effective retrieval strategies in the same information retrieval system. From this, we show that data fusion of highly effective retrieval strategies alone shows little or no improvement in retrieval effectiveness. Furthermore, we present a detailed analysis of the performance of modern data fusion approaches, and demonstrate the reasons why they do not perform well when applied to this problem. Detailed results and analyses are included to support our conclusions.


Peter Waterman's wide-ranging essay could have easily been subtitled 'Waterman covers the Waterfront,' for he leaves few areas of labor studies untouched in his smart and panoramic overview of the field. From his introductory comments on the 'turning point' in labor studies to his concluding 'ten theses,' Waterman offers up a thoughtful, often provocative set of reflections on where labor history scholarship has been and, as his own subtitle suggests, where it might be heading. My admiration for, and general agreement with, this essay made for a most rewarding read, even if it now poses a greater challenge for me in my role as critical commentator. In keeping with that role, though, let me begin with Waterman's opening suggestion that the field of labor studies is in the midst of a 'turning point' that calls into question long-standing theoretical assumptions that have privileged class as the only genuine revolutionary subject in the modern world. This turning away from a class-centric mode of explanation is prompted by much more than the intellectual exhaustion of orthodox Marxism. Three decades of declining union power across much of the northern hemisphere, coupled with the uneven retreat of worker movements throughout the global South, have taken a heavy toll, siphoning off union members, draining vital organizational resources, and sapping labor's emancipatory vision. With international labor reeling from the rise of a 'globalized networked capitalism,' Waterman concludes, 'labour history has to start again,' this time with a recognition that labor is a 'critical but equal part' of an emerging global justice and solidarity movement that has seized the initiative in the continuing struggle against neoliberal globalization. Waterman is not the first to question the primacy of class as the motor of historical change. Nor does he claim to be. In any case, his more original contribution, at least from my disciplinary perspective, lies in getting us to think seriously about the sources of solidarity—that 'crucial but under-theorised concept' (Waterman's ninth thesis) that bridges the worlds of both 'old' labor and 'new' social movements. Does this emerging social force, embodied in the 'global justice and solidarity movement,' represent merely an alliance of convenience between two distinct collectivities, or are we witnessing something more profound, perhaps a deeper convergence of 'turtles and teamsters' through a dialogical process that will remake both? More to the


A signal conversion system (10) has measurement units (21, 22, 23), a switcher (40), a converter (50), and a host (30). The converter (50) reciprocally converts a sign al transmitted according to a first protocol for communicating with a predefined other party and a signal transmitted according to a second protocol different from the first protocol. The host (30) specifies a prescribed measurement unit from the measurement units (21, 22, 23) communicating according to the first protocol. The switcher (40) switches a transmission channel for a signal transmitted according to the first protocol to a transmission channel that connects the measurement unit specified by the host (30) and the converter (50).


This chapter examines the relatively limited involvement of business and labor groups in early twentieth-century elections. Though such groups emphasized lobbying, they might occasionally seek to reward or punish their "friends and enemies" in Congress by mobilizing voters on a "nonpartisan" basis. But as lobbying came to involve appeals to public opinion as a means of persuading lawmakers, the threat of electoral punishment became more prominent. This model of "pressure politics" was perfected by temperance groups like the Anti-Saloon League (ASL) in the 1910s and early 1920s but soon came under strain due to presidential politics. The chapter examines the hesitant involvement of the ASL in the 1928 election amid the rise of a powerful opponent with ties to business leaders: the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment (AAPA). The ASL and AAPA ultimately backed opposing presidential nominees, which challenged nonpartisan pretensions and played out differently for each side.


Play to Fail is a series of word games and provocations that creates space for you to reflect on your relationship to, and experiences of, failure. Readers have the opportunity to follow, interpret...


The ontogeny of rat diencephalic melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons has been analysed, using the bromodeoxyuridine method to determine the period of birth of these neurons, and using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to study their chemical differentiation. The spatiotemporal pattern of MCH neuron generation is complex, although it is broadly lateromedial with a peak between embryonic days (E) 12 and E13. The first expression of the MCH gene has been detected on E13 in neurons in the presumptive lateral hypothalamic area. But the adult‐like pattern was observed from E18. Medial‐most MCH neurons express the peptide CART (cocaine‐amphetamine‐regulated transcript) from E18, and the receptor neurokinin 3 (NK3) from between postnatal day (P) 0 and P5. These results are discussed and compared with data from the literature to better understand the organization of the 'MCH‐containing area'.


A list of mosses from the Ilgaz Mountain National Park which is an important area because of its location and floristic richness, is presented. A total of 109 taxa belonging to 56 genera and 21 families were found from 650 moss specimens collected between 1997 and 2000. Among them, 15 taxa are new records for the A2 grid square according to the system of Henderson & Prentice (1969).


In this study a visible light active N, S co-doped photocatalyst prepared using (NH4)2SO4 as nitrogen and sulphur source, photocatalyst was calcined at 500oC and named as 1NS-TiO2. The 1NS-TiO2 photocatalyst is extensively characterized using several techniques including UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM and EDAX. Rhodamine B dye as a model contaminant in order to investigate its photocatalytic activity under solar light irradiation. The effects of pH, catalyst concentration and dye concentration on degradation reaction were also investigated. The efficiency of photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B tended to decrease with increasing the concentration of dye, increase as pH is increased up to 10.6. The degradation efficiency of rhodamine B is found to increase as the amount of the catalyst dosage increases up to an optimum value of 0.2 g / 100 ml. It was proven that the degradation process of rhodamine B reaction rate obeyed a pseudo-first-order reaction of the catalyst concentration of 1NS-TiO2.


Using incipient-wetness impregnation method,some precious metal salt on porous In2O3 matrix were loaded.The decomposition temperature was figured out with thermodynamic calculation.Then heating to decomposition temperature to make the precious metal salt decompose,the shape of precious metal was observed by SEM.The high-temperature-diffusion process of precious metal atoms on porous In2O3 matrix was simulated by Materials Explorer 5.0.The shape of precious metal on the matrix was assayed.Compared the results with experiment results,the theory basis of the experiment result was estimated and the guiding effect of molecular dynamics simulation was proved by the actual experiment.


A nearly on-axis UV–visible absorption spectrometer was developed at SPring-8 that enables spectroscopic analysis of the X-ray-exposed volume of a crystal during X-ray diffraction data collection.


Both multifocal, demyelinating features and prednisone responsiveness are rare in Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease. We report a mother and son with a prednisone‐responsive, multifocal, demyelinating, predominantly sensory polyneuropathy that was associated with an isoleucine92valine polymorphism of lipopolysaccharide‐induced TNF‐alpha factor (LITAF). The mother had a multifocal, acquired, demyelinating sensory and motor polyneuropathy (MADSAM)‐like presentation. The son developed left peroneal neuropathy during acute Lyme disease with a subsequent relapsing, MADSAM‐like illness, despite antibiotic treatment. Both shared prednisone responsiveness and multifocal, demyelinating features electrophysiologically. MADSAM may be familial (FaDSAM) and respond to prednisone. Muscle Nerve 41: 558–562, 2010


Chinese culture is featured by its "togethemess",collectivism,and its agricultural tradition;while American culture is featured by its "apartness",individualism and its industrial tradition.The three dominant features determine the two cultures' different privacy rules.This paper puts the focus on the analysis of the causes behind the two different privacy.What's more,the globalization influences the privacy rules of the two cultures,people are more adaptive and have changed a lot.


Based on the accelerated corrosion tests results of marine reinforced concrete structures strengthened by CFRP in different ways,the internally enhancing mechanism of strengthening is studied.The result shows that the CFRP reinforcement has a significant limitation and restriction effect on the corroded cracks expansion of marine concrete structures.On one hand,the deformation resistant capacity of CFRP is much better than concrete,and after strengthening the composite force bearing system can balance most of the corrosion expansion force so as to restrain further expansion of corrosion cracks.On the other hand,the CFRP can prevent effectively the penetration of chloride ion.Therefore,the CFRP reinforcement can improve effectively the durability of marine reinforced concrete structures,which is another vantage technology of CFRP used in marine reinforced concrete structures reinforcement.


We have compared three legal and administrative systems of risk management in Sweden, namely those responsible for work environment, environmental protection and chemicals control. Large differences were found in terms of the organisational structure and the general modi operandi of government activities in the three areas. Many of these differences seem to be the result not of deliberate choice, but rather of the lack of coordination between policy areas. One of the most striking differences is the much lower priority assigned to enforcement activities in the environmental than in the occupational health sector. It is concluded that systematic comparisons of experiences from different policy areas can be helpful in improving the efficiency of risk management.


View from behind the soldiers attending a Church of England Sunday service looking towards the priest. Service held at the New Zealand Depot in Etaples. Photograph taken 25 December 1917 by Henry Armytage Sanders.
An original print from this negative is in album PA1-f-091
Inscriptions: Photographer's title on negative - top left - H407
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s).
Physical Description: Dry plate glass negative 4.75 x 6.5 inches


An endoscope washing apparatus in which the optical-fiber tube of an endoscope is submerged in flowing water into which a multiplicity of air streams are injected to produce a myriad of foams, which impinge upon the outer peripheral surface of the tube for removing contaminants or stains from the surface in cooperation with the flow of water. By preferance, water may be passed through the conduits in the optical-fiber tube and further through the conduits in a light-guide tube of the endoscope and, subsequently, the optical-fiber tube and the conduits in the optical-fiber and light-guide tubes may be treated with a disinfectant or sterilizing solution.


The level of industry is low in Heilongjiang Province. Leading industry plays a less part on economic growth. Development level of leading industry determines the degree and level of regional development of economy. We must promote leading industry based on the practical conditions and speed up institutional and technological innovations. Industrial conglomerate is an effective model to promote competitiveness of regional economy.


UROLOGIC NURSING / April 2008 / Volume 28 Number 2 In contemporary times and in the future, nurses will work with people in need of care who may be culturally different than most nurses in the United States. It is imperative that the nursing profession consider the significance of culture in nursing care and move from unknown care values and needs to the known care values and needs for a variety of ethnically and culturally diverse people. The demographics of the U.S. is changing rapidly and becoming more diverse every year. The U.S. is a multi-cultural society consisting of 281,421,906 people. According to the U.S. Census Bureau (2005), 75.1% of the total population are White, 12.3% are Black, 12.5% are Hispanic (20,640,711 Mexican, 3,406,178 Puerto Rican, 1,241,685 Cuban), and 3.6% are Asian. In addition, over 7 million people identified themselves as two races for the 2000 census. According to Jeffreys and Zoucha (2001), this may reflect a trend that citizens of the United States no longer choose or claim a uni-cultural background; therefore, viewing and acceptance of specific cultural needs of multiethnic, multiracial individuals and their families are imperative to the health and well being of all involved. This dramatic change in ethnic and cultural composition will affect the cultural care needs of many who have much different cultural backgrounds than those in the past. The purpose and focus of this article is to promote the notion of culture in caring for individuals, families, and communities as significant for nursing care. This is not to suggest that nurses must know and understand all cultural values and care needs of all patients they serve. Understanding these values and needs should not be a cookbook approach, but rather, a process. Campinha-Bacote (2003) suggests that the process of cultural competence includes cultural assessment, cultural knowledge, cultural skill, and cultural encounter, and it begins with cultural desire. It is imperative that nurses approach care in a manner that suggests a desire to promote care that is congruent with the culture of the individual, family, or community.


This paper presents the miniaturization of a three-port power divider for microwave frequency. The size reduction is achieved by the use of a quarter-wave-like transformer (QWLT) implemented by a properly designed conjugately characteristic-impedance transmission line (CCITL). The QWLT has a significantly shorter physical length than the conventional quarter-wave transformer (QWT). A novel condition for the isolation impedance has been derived and presented in this paper. The size reduction of the power divider can consequently reduce the whole dimension of the circuit composing the divider with insignificant performance degradation, and thus decreasing the manufacturing cost.


The paper presents the results of a study to determine the degree of attenuation of a detonation wave pulse generated by a spherical ceresin-phlegmatized hexogen charge, by spaced material systems. The systems were mounted on a ballistic pendulum and the amount of energy absorbed was determined based on the change in pendulum swing. The spaced panels with absorbing elements, simulated the flat bottom of a vehicle exposed to a single blast.


We study a single-item periodic-review inventory model in a fluctuating environment with a fixed lead time of λ periods. The state of the environment at the beginning of each period is described by a homogeneous Markov chain. Ordering, holding, penalty costs and the distributions of random variables representing the customer's demand and the supplier's capacity level are state environment dependent. By using dynamic programming it is proved in the finite-horizon case that the optimal policy is of a base stock type. Its parameters are monotonic in the number of the periods making up the horizon and also in stochastically ordered random variables representing different supplier capacities. Similar results are proved for the infinite-horizon problem.


movement of some other landforms, such as debris-covered glaciers and ice-cored moraines, have been classified (900 landforms in total). A combination of satellite based radar interferometry and feature tracking of optical imagery allows the classification of activity classes for all the landforms mapped. For six rock glaciers the authors also perform the calculation of inter-annual variations in surface speed over a period of almost 70 years. By doing so, they provide the first long-term regional investigation of rock glacier motion in the Tien Shan. The methodology is thoroughly described and the uncertainties properly addressed, and the authors discuss the limitations of the manuscript, overall with high scientific rigor. The conclusions are reasonable and coherent with previous research. However, the conclusions are supported by little and at times controversial evidence and should be discussed with more caution. A strong link to Sorg et al. (2015) is evident and well explained in the introduction, but the discussion is only briefly addressing the relation between the two manuscripts. In general, a more detailed discussion would help placing the manuscript in the context of current research and highlight its novelty (extension of rock glacier kinematic observations in the Tien Shan massive). Several minor revisions and a few possible additions to the manuscript are suggested in the specific comments below. Concluding, I consider the manuscript well suited for publication in The Cryosphere after minor revisions.


According to the No.4 slab caster of certain steel plant,the stress and strain fields of continuous casting slab have been simulated based on two different modeling ways,namely 2D model and 3D model,by use of the commercial finite element software MSC.Marc 2005r2,and as result,the detailed external and internal distributions of stress and strain for slab have been obtained.From the simulation results,it shows that the local stress and strain of slab both augment with increase of casting speed,and the results obtained by 2D model method agree well with those by 3D model method,which indicates that the 2D finite element method can be applied into the engineering practice of continuous caster project for easing design difficulty and promoting design efficiency.


The invention discloses a power grid convection disaster-causing strong wind early warning method based on a Doppler weather radar. The method includes the steps that firstly, the critical echo intensity of power grid convection disaster-causing strong wind is calculated through historical power grid strong wind failure data and echo intensity data of the Doppler weather radar, monthly and hourly distribution of the power grid convection disaster-causing strong wind is counted, and risks of power grid convection disaster-causing strong wind areas are determined according to average failure losses of the power grid convection disaster-causing strong wind to serve as an early warning background field of the power grid convection disaster-causing strong wind; then the development tendency of the convection disaster-causing strong wind is predicted according to the real-time echo intensity data of the Doppler weather radar, and the predicted position of the power grid convection disaster-causing strong wind is determined; the early warning level of the convection disaster-causing strong wind of the predicted area is evaluated by combination of numerical forecast wind speed data; finally, early warning information of the power grid convection disaster-causing strong wind is issued in a directed mode according to the predicted path and the early warning level of the power grid convection disaster-causing strong wind. By means of the method, accurate early warning of the power grid convection disaster-causing strong wind weather can be achieved, and the method can guide professionals to carry out the operation and maintenance work on a power grid.


This article thoroughly summarized pollutant diffusion pathways of contaminated dredged material on mud dumping site, and introduced control techniques in domestic China and out side China as well. Full-scale experiments of contaminant diffusion control had been done on the mud dumping site of Taihu Wuli lake environmental dredging project, by using the clay around Taihu lake as leachate prevention material. Water quality of five points around the mud dumping site were stable during the dredging process, which showed that the clay around Taihu lake could be used as leachate prevention material. Flocculants were added to the sludge pipe, in which flocculants were mixed rapidly, then they flocculated and sedimentated on the mud dumping site. Or, the flocculants were added into the discharge outlet of the mud dumping site, which mixed quickly in the clapboard tank and flocculated in the reciprocal baffled flocculating tank, then they sedimentated in the horizontal flow sedimentation tank. The results show that the solid suspension concentration of effluent is less than ρ(SS)200 mg/L.


DNAs encoding voltage-activated cation channels have been cloned and characterized. The cDNA's have been expressed in recombinant host cells which produce active recombinant protein. The recombinant protein is also purified from the recombinant host cells.


This paper presents a comparison of two methods for measuring the acoustic startle response: orbicularis oculi (eyeblink) electromyogram (EMG), which is the conventional measure, and voice fundamental frequency (F0) variations as a consequence of laryngeal muscle innervations. A comparative analysis of the two approaches was performed using statistical methods, as well as system identification modeling using ARX, ARMAX, Output Error and Box-Jenkins models. For this purpose, an experiment was designed in which fourteen participants sustained constant phonation and acoustic startle stimuli of varying parameters were delivered at random time points during the phonation. Physiological signals, including eyeblink EMG, were acquired in parallel to voice recording. The comparative analysis showed that by increasing intensity of acoustic stimulus, response peak amplitudes of both: F0 variations and rectified and smoothed EMG responses increased as well. Therefore, voice F0 may be useful for startle response analysis when eyeblink EMG measurement is unavailable or impractical.