Gas chromatography is rapidly being accepted as a valuable technique for the identification of microrganisms, as the speed of identification can be significantly greater than current biochemical techniques. The Health Department of the Institute of Naval Medicine has recently installed a fully automated gas chromatograph dedicated to rapid bacterial analysis particularly in the area of clinical microbiology. This paper describes the preparative and anlytical methods employed by the system and the results of preliminary studies.


Presented study is organized to enhance the services
provided by number of GNSS stations in Western Ukrainian
region, which are mainly a network of Continuously Operated
Reference Stations (CORS) established in different years by
different institutions, and improve the efficiency of the GNSS data
usage. The main objective of the study is to compute CORS
velocities, using available three years' data, establish an
automated procedure of further data computation. The
interpretation of the velocities together with geological data for the
region and estimation of the crustal movement as well as
extension of the studied region to all Ukrainian area


The manuscript of 'High-resolution modeling the distribution of surface air pollutants and their intercontinental transport by a global tropospheric atmospheric chemistry sourcereceptor model (GNAQPMS-SM)' written by Qian Ye presented the source-receptor analysis based on the developed model of GNAQPMS. This topic is highly important to understand the intercontinental transport and toward the emission regulation for better global air quality. At the conclusion section, authors claimed that "We give our opinions on the controversial topic of the intercontinental transport of pollutants. The model that we developed creates a link between the scientific community and policymakers". Nontheless to this statement, this manuscript mainly focused on the presentation of model evaluation and the source-receptor results within this study. Regarding the source-receptor analysis, comparison with HTAP outcome have been provided, but it is insufficient. Because the result of source-receptor analysis depends on its mathematical configuration, careful interpretation and detailed comparison and its discussion to other relevant studies are essentially requested. I would like to request the major revisions to consider the possible publication of this manuscript from GMD.


Recent rapid economic developments in East Asia are evidenced by the establishment of many new factories and enterprises in the region. New production facilities almost always go through a period of "learning" in their production activities. Therefore, the study of learning curve effects in production cost projections is especially important for enterprises in this region that have experienced tremendous business and operational growth. This paper proposes a new way to model the learning curve effects that has not previously been discussed in cost accounting literature.


Forests and grasslands play a significant role in global nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, while a sophisticated model is missing to interpret the microbial processes involved in N2O production and consumption in these ecosystems. A new N2O emission model, MicN model, was developed for natural forest and grassland ecosystems by integrating with Integrated BIosphere Simulator (IBIS). This new model includes four major N2O correlated processes: autotrophic nitrification, heterotrophic nitrification, nitrifier denitrification and denitrifier denitrification. Thirty‐nine observation sites, including various forest and grassland ecosystem types, were selected to calibrate and validate IBIS‐MicN model. The IBIS‐MicN model explained 89% and 85% of observed daily variability in N2O emission for all calibration and validation sites, respectively. In addition, the model successfully predicted the concentrations of two important intermediates (i.e., ammonium and nitrate) for N2O production at nine validation sites. Compared with Forest‐DNDC model, IBIS‐MicN model performed better in simulating N2O emission, soil NH4+ and NO3−concentrations. At site scale, the simulated N2O emissions by IBIS‐MicN model positively correlated with annual mean soil temperature and annual precipitation, but negatively correlated with soil pH. This study provides an alternative model to estimate global N2O emission from natural forest and grassland ecosystems and to investigate corresponding environmental regulations.


The spectroscopically uncharacterized title compound, C22H27NO, was isolated as one of two diastereoisomeric β-aminoalcohols. By reference to two unchanging chiral C atoms of the cyclohexanol group, the molecule was found to be the S,S diastereoisomer.


Entrepreneurship has become an increasingly important topic in recent years, as more people launch their own firms and look for ways to add value and spur innovation, entrepreneurship has grown in importance in recent years. The success of entrepreneurs and their endeavours is influenced by a variety of factors, including the unique traits of the entrepreneurs themselves, the networks and resources at their disposal, and the larger economic and cultural environments in which they operate. In this paper, we will examine the major theories and results of entrepreneurship research and suggest areas for further research. We will also talk about how entrepreneurship research can affect practice and policy, as well as ambitious business owners looking to start and expand profitable companies.


2011;40:424–8. [14] de Kerchove L, Boodhwani M, Glineur D, Vandyck M, Vanoverschelde JL, Noirhomme P et al. Valve sparing-root replacement with the reimplantation technique to increase the durability of bicuspid aortic valve repair. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011;142:1430–8. [15] Kvitting JP, Kari FA, Fischbein MP, Liang DH, Beraud AS, Stephens EH et al. David valve-sparing aortic root replacement: equivalent mid-term outcome for different valve types with or without connective tissue disorder. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013;145:117–26, 127.e111–115; discussion 126–117. [16] Svensson LG, Batizy LH, Blackstone EH, Gillinov AM, Moon MC, D'Agostino RS et al. Results of matching valve and root repair to aortic valve and root pathology. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012;142:1491–1498 e1497. [17] Ashikhmina E, Sundt TM III, Dearani JA, Connolly HM, Li Z, Schaff HV. Repair of the bicuspid aortic valve: a viable alternative to replacement with a bioprosthesis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010;139:1395–401. [18] Boodhwani M, de Kerchove L, Glineur D, Rubay J, Vanoverschelde JL, Noirhomme P et al. Repair of regurgitant bicuspid aortic valves: a systematic approach. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2010;140:276–284 e271. [19] Price J, De Kerchove L, Glineur D, Vanoverschelde JL, Noirhomme P, El Khoury G. Risk of valve-related events after aortic valve repair. Ann Thorac Surg 2013;95:606–12; discussion 613. [20] Cameron DE, Alejo DE, Patel ND, Nwakanma LU, Weiss ES, Vricella LA et al. Aortic root replacement in 372Marfan patients: evolution of operative repair over 30 years. Ann Thorac Surg 2009;87:1344–9; discussion 1349–1350. [21] Aicher D, Fries R, Rodionycheva S, Schmidt K, Langer F, Schaefers HJ. Aortic valve repair leads to a low incidence of valve-related complications. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2010;37:127–32. [22] Liebrich M, Kruszynski MK, Roser D, Meisner C, Doll KN, Hemmer WB et al. The David procedure in different valve pathologies: a single-center experience in 236 patients. Ann Thorac Surg 2013;95:71–6. [23] Hanke T, Charitos EI, Stierle U, Robinson D, Gorski A, Sievers HH et al. Factors associated with the development of aortic valve regurgitation over time after two different techniques of valve-sparing aortic root surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2009;137:314–9.


The paper is presenting single stone design and its verification via mathematical modeling, using two different models. These single stones are useful for water level and velocity regime effecting. They create rest areas and refuge possibilities for migratory ichthyofauna as well. Their design is advantageous for bio-corridor design, because they solve problem between operator of water structure and ichthyologists.


Humorous language is the most important part of the English language, and also it reflects the features of English language. It is essential to consider the divisities on national culture, character, the way of thinking and living background between China and England when we try to translate these humorous language to chinese. That is the reason why we think the translation is part of difficult. This paper selects the translation of figures of speech, and we attempt to investigate the application of figures of speech on chinese translation through dialogues of "Desperate Housewives".


This work describes the manufacturing of ribociclib following the concept of an end-to-end continuous-flow process. The active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is produced in a two-step telescoped flow process with integrated in-line liquid-liquid extraction and semibatch crystallization.


Communities in the surrounding areas of nature reserves in West China are poor in economy,so the pressure of exploiting the natural resources has been the primary obstacle to the improvement of the management level of the reserves.A new theory has been practiced in some of the reserves in West China.That is,natural conservation should be based on relieving the poverty of surrounding communities.Through the way of community-based management that participants share profits from the reserves assisted by alien funds,the managers of reserves and farmers who were originally contradictor form a collective to support conserving targets and the role of managing office was turned from controller to organizer.The theory has been practiced in some case points,to realize preliminarily harmonized development of reserves,and a set of standardized measures as criterion have been summarized.


This paper provides a novel approach to use data mining for e-commerce. It proposes a new database store structure AFP-Tree for mining frequent patterns,makes recommendations by exploring associations between items,exemplifies the approach on real data.


The concept of the path-dependent partial differential equation (PPDE) was first introduced in the context of path-dependent derivatives in financial markets. Its semilinear form was later identified as a non-Markovian backward stochastic differential equation (BSDE). Compared to the classical PDE, the solution of a PPDE involves an infinite-dimensional spatial variable, making it challenging to approximate, if not impossible. In this paper, we propose a neural rough differential equation (NRDE)-based model to learn PPDEs, which effectively encodes the path information through the log-signature feature while capturing the fundamental dynamics. The proposed continuous-time model for the PPDE solution offers the benefits of efficient memory usage and the ability to scale with dimensionality. Several numerical experiments, provided to validate the performance of the proposed model in comparison to the strong baseline in the literature, are used to demonstrate its effectiveness.


This article will illuminate the historiography of history of medicine in Western countries and Korea. Based on this analysis, it suggests research subjects in the history of medicine in the Japanese empire. This article covers three categories: Urbanisation, Migrant labour and War regimes. It will clarify the dynamics of societies and the historical events which were related to issues of diseases and public health in the Japanese empire during the late nineteenth century and in the first half of the twentieth century. It helps to explain why many diseases were becoming more politically and economically significant in many parts of the world during this period. This paper aims to address contemporary health problems in many parts of the world through the critical lens of history. When completed, this will have important implication for current debates over the relationship between the three categories and diseases problems.


In this paper we propose a security policy; based on normative multi-agents systems for complex applications. Our idea, focus on the notion of the norm inside a multi-agents system, permitting to influence and guides the agents community behavior, in order to ensure the security of the whole system. The adoption of the multi-agent paradigm is justified by the fact that the latter fits well with the problematic nature. Furthermore, in the multi-agent system, the norm can be an attractive way to describe the pursued objectives. It serves to stipulate certain behavior to be adopted by agents in certain situations, which permit to guide them.


The single phase switched reluctance motor has many merits in practical appliance because it has very robust structure, simple operating drives and control systems and economic merits. But also it has problems to need a starting device and to generate the torque ripple. One of the major problems is torque ripple which causes increased undesirable acoustic noise and speed ripple. This paper describes an approach to determine optimum magnetic circuit parameters to minimize the torque ripples.


A method for preparing pulp, comprising the steps of: providing a chemical plant fiber slurry and the concentration of the chemical plant fiber slurry was adjusted in the range of 0.1% to 10%; high-pressure homogenizer for the above-described chemical plant fiber pulp processed to obtain the pulp treatment pressure, the high-pressure homogenizer is in the range of 1MPa-100MPa, the number of processing stages in the range of 1-10pass. The present invention further provides a method for the preparation of a pulp prepared using the above pulp and paper made papermaking applications. Compared to the prior art beating embodiment, the present invention is carried out by using a high pressure homogenizer chemical plant fiber slurry treatment, a significant reduction in the extent of fiber surface points of the fibrillated pulp is obtained which create the copy paper sheet having a higher bulk.


The article suggests an ultimately broad treatment of transcendence as a universal principle in human creation of culture in its various forms. Transcendence is comprehended as a metacategory, its typology is given. Specific character of the ontological type of transcendence is brought to light.


Densities and speeds of sound of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate mixtures with 2-propanol and tetrahydrofuran (THF), as well as of the pure components, have been measured over the whole range of compositions at T = (278.15 to 328.15) K and P = (101 ± 2) kPa. From these experimental data, the excess molar volume, excess speed of sound, and excess isentropic compressibility have been calculated and fitted to an extended version of the Redlich–Kister equation, which takes into account the dependence on composition and temperature simultaneously. The Prigogine–Flory–Patterson theory has also been used to explain the behavior of these systems.


This publication was made possible by the QUUG-CAM-CAM-1516-1 Award. The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors 3.Results and Discussion 1. Abstract Since past few decades a simple, high efficient and economical method for fabrication of high conducting micro-patterns for the application in the field of flexible micro-electronics has become the focus of interest. A number of novel approaches are implemented to reach the goal, such as nano imprinting [1, 2], micro contact printing [3], dip-pen lithography [4]. In all these techniques, flexible patterns were made up of polymeric materials using small quantity of conducting fillers, resulting into limited or low conductivity. A conductive polymer represents material, which can be effective used for replacement of traditional materials used in electronics applications, such as metals, because of their excellent flexible and chemical inertness properties and low cost. This work aimed to enhance the electrical conductivity of prepared micro-patterns by using silicon mask and drop casting method in combination with plasma treatment . Figure 1: Scheme of micropatternspreparation


Aspects of pair production in photon-photon collisions, which can be of great importance in a variety of astrophysical settings, are examined. In particular, the correction associated with the use of Coulomb rather than plane-wave functions to describe the outgoing e(+) e(-) is evaluated. This is important only in the energy domain near threshold where e(+) e(-) are nonrelativistic, and the effect is evaluated. Because of the extreme simplicity of the nonrelativistic Born limit, the corresponding derivation is briefly outlined using noncovariant perturbation theory. The relative magnitude of the Born correction is comparable to radiative-correction effects. These effects can be evaluated easily in the nonrelativistic limit, and an approximate calculation is outlined.


We present a case of a fetus that was left inside a septated uterus for 2 months after curettage. A 37 year old, gravida 6 para 5, arrived at the emergency department due to expulsion of tissue measuring 6 x 3 x 1 cm from her vagina, with no pain or bleeding [Figure]. Her vital signs were normal and there were no significant findings in the physical examination. The uterus was well contracted. Transvaginal sonography revealed a septated uterus with thin, regular endometrium. No urinary tract anomalies were demonstrated. The tissue was sent for histopathologic examination and the pathologic diagnosis was an otolytic fetus. Two months earlier the patient had undergone uterine curettage due to fetal demise at 22 weeks gestation. Fetal biometry was appropriate for 18 weeks gestation. The pathologic diagnosis then was fetal parts and placenta. Mullerian fusion defects are found in 3.2% of fertile women, and most are septated uteri [1]. Other authors report that uterine anomalies present in 0.1±0.5% of the general population, but in 10±15% of patients with recurrent pregnancy loss [2]. Pregnancy losses in the first 20 weeks were observed in 88% of septated uteri [3]. One hypothesis for this high pregnancy wastage is the implantation on the poorly vascularized septum. Even in pregnancies that are carried to term there is an increased risk of low birth weight, abnormal fetal lie, uterine bleeding [4], preterm delivery and cesarean section. Trial of labor after cesarean deliveries yields higher rates of uterine rupture [5].


Stephen Broadberry, Market Services and the Productivity Race 1850-2000: British Performance in International Perspective (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 409 pp., ?55.00 (hb), ISBN 052186718-5. David Edgerton, Warfare State: Britain, 1920-1970 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 364 pp., ?20.99 (pb), ISBN 052167231-7. G. C. Peden, Arms, Economics and British Strategy: From Dreadnoughts to Hydrogen Bombs (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 384 pp., ?55.00 (hb), ISBN 0521867487. Neil Rollings, British Business in the Formative Years of European Integration, 1945-1973 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 278 pp., ?45.00 (hb), ISBN 0521888110.


A small Time Projection Chamber (TPC) has been read out by means of a Medipix2 readout chip as direct anode. A Micromegas foil was placed 50 /spl mu/m above the chip, and electron multiplication occurred in the gap. With a He/isobutane 80/20 mixture, gas multiplication factors up to tens of thousands were achieved, resulting in an efficiency for detecting single electrons of better than 90%. We recorded many frames containing 2D images with tracks from cosmic muons. Along these tracks, electron clusters were observed, as well as /spl delta/-rays. Some applications of this new device are presented.


At present, the installation of flue gas heat exchanger have not uniform method of working at home and abroad. The Install process using different items, By analyzing the duration and cost of using different construction techniques of several 2 × 200MW-scale projects,I found that the range of 31% difference in duration, the cost difference between the range of 23% (having regard to price factors),it is necessary to develop efficient installation process to reduce costs and improve efficiency. The study of this process more than 2 × 200MW unit boiler desulfurization system installation to determine the formation of national construction method and lay a solid foundation.


Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a plant which has a considerable industrial, pharmaceutical and economic values in Egypt and many other countries around the world, mainly for its pleasant sepals. There are many colored types of Roselle depends on sepals color. The biochemical and molecular characterization of three roselle types, green (G), light red (LR) and dark red (DR), were studied. RAPD-PCR patterns for their genomic-DNA were significantly different. The total protein electrophoretic profile of their seeds was similar except for some inter- individual variation in band density. Their total protein contents were 46.0, 66.5 and 68.1 mg/g seed, respectively. In addition to the water-soluble antioxidant capacity, the total polyphenolic-content and the antioxidant activity of 12 roselle extracts, three colored types in 2 solvent systems (aqueous, A and 30% ethanolic, E) and 2 extraction temperatures (hot, H and cold, C), were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods, respectively. The ability of these roselle extracts to inhibit the formation of nitrous acid-induced tyrosine nitration decreases in the order of LREC > DREC > LREH > GEC > DREH > GEH > GAC > DRAH > LRAC > GAH > LRAH > DRAC. (Refaei M. Hussein, Yasser E. Shahein, Amr E. El Hakim and Hanem M. Awad. Biochemical and molecular characterization of three colored types of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Journal of American Science 2010;6(11):726-733). (ISSN: 1545-1003).


The model of government credit loan for farmers is a beneficial exploration to ease the loan guarantee of farmers and new agricultural business entities.Based on the third-party guarantee theory, the paper constructs the model of government credit loan for farmers, and discusses behavior characteristics of borrowers,banks and the government in the process of loan decision-making. Theresults show that when the willingness of government credit to guarantee matches borrower's profitability, the government credit will be a feasible credit to increase trust and risk compensation tools. In combination of the service of the Agricultural Bank to agriculture,rural areas and farmers, the paper analyzes combing the main characteristics of government credit loan model, sums up core elements of the model in practice, and provides the reference for the popularization in commercial banks. Finally, the paper gives specific suggestions on promoting the model of government credit loan for farmers from the policy level.


Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (Stat3) is activated by the binding of various cytokines to their receptors, such as IL-6. Previous studies have revealed that conditional knockouts of Stat3 in osteoblasts and osteocytes cause a decrease in bone mineral density and strength. To study the role of Stat3 in osteoclasts, osteoclastspecific knockout mice were created using cre-lox recombination. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were calculated for femurs and the fourth lumbar vertebra (L4) of 8 weeks old mice. Analysis revealed a decrease in BMD of femurs of osteoclastselective Stat3 knockout (KO Oc -Stat3) mice compared to their littermate control (p<0.05). There was also a decrease in BMC of the femurs of KO Oc -Stat3 mice compared to the littermate controls (p<0.05). Analysis of μCT data from trabecular bone in the distal femur showed significant decreases in trabecular number and bone volume/tissue volume in both male and female KO Oc -Stat3 mice. Trabecular separation was increased in male and female KO Oc -Stat3 mice. Bone histomorphometry at the distal femur revealed a significant decrease in bone formation rate in males and females KO Oc -Stat3 mice compared to the littermate controls. Osteoclast number identified by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain in female KO Oc -Stat3 mice was significantly deficient from their control. These data suggest that inactivation of Stat3 in osteoclasts influences bone metabolism through both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Knockout of Stat3 in either cell type leads to decreases in bone strength, making Stat3 a good drug target for treatment of diseases such as osteoporosis.


Advanced persistent threat (APT) has been considered globally as a serious social problem since the 2010s. Adversaries of this threat, at first, try to penetrate into targeting organizations by using a backdoor which is opened with drive-by-download attacks, malicious e-mail attachments, etc. After adversaries' intruding, they usually execute benign applications (e.g, OS built-in commands, management tools published by OS vendors, etc.) for investigating networks of targeting organizations. Therefore, if they penetrate into networks once, it is difficult to rapidly detect these malicious activities only by using anti-virus software or network-based intrusion systems. Meanwhile, enterprise networks are managed well in general. That means network administrators have a good grasp of installed applications and routinely used applications for employees' daily works. Thereby, in order to find anomaly behaviors on well-managed networks, it is effective to observe changes executing their applications. In this paper, we propose a lightweight host-based intrusion detection system by using process generation patterns. Our system periodically collects lists of active processes from each host, then the system constructs process trees from the lists. In addition, the system detects anomaly processes from the process trees considering parent-child relationships, execution sequences and lifetime of processes. Moreover, we evaluated the system in our organization. The system collected 2, 403, 230 process paths in total from 498 hosts for two months, then the system could extract 38 anomaly processes. Among them, one PowerShell process was also detected by using an anti-virus software running on our organization. Furthermore, our system could filter out the other 18 PowerShell processes, which were used for maintenance of our network.


Rough Set Theory (RST) is a powerful mathematical tool for dealing with inconsistent information in decision situations. In real-life applications, information systems in RST often vary with time. Approximations of a concept in RST have been used to induce rules and need to update for dynamic data mining and related tasks. In addition, the values of the decision attributes in information systems may be fuzzy. An extension of classical rough set model, rough fuzzy set, is then presented to deal with such values. This paper focuses on approaches for dynamically updating approximations in rough fuzzy set when attribute values are coarsened or refined. The principles for dynamic maintenance of upper and lower approximations are firstly presented. Then, the algorithms are developed for updating approximations incrementally under the variation of attributes' values. Some examples are employed to illustrate the proposed methods. A comparison of the proposed incremental method with a non-incremental method for dynamic maintenance of approximations is conducted by an extensive experimental evaluation on the data set from UCI. The experimental results show that the incremental method effectively reduce the computing time in comparison with the non-incremental method.


A reduced wall 138kV HPOF pipe-type cable having a 700 kcmil (355 mm2) compact round copper conductor and 348 mils (8.8 mm) of insulation and two types of joints have been developed for re-conductoring existing 69kV HPOF feeders utilizing 5 inch (127 mm) outside diameter pipes on the Florida Power & Light Company (FP& L) system. Laboratory test results on the cable and two joints, one employing hard paper and the other high density crepe paper tapes, are reported. The commercial cable installation is described. Test results are also given on an improved design reduced wall 138kV HPOF pipe-type cable having a 2000 kcmil (1015 mm2) compact segmental copper conductor and 379 mils (9.6 mm) of insulation and a high density crepe paper joint intended for re-conductoring a 69kV HPOF pipe-type feeder using the existing 6-5/8 inch (168 mm) outside diameter pipes. The cable and joint satisfactorily passed all requirements of AEIC CS2-82 (4th Edition) [4].


Significance Alcoholism is characterized by a progressive degradation of executive control and an increase in compulsive alcohol seeking that is hypothesized to involve a shift from prefrontal cortex to dorsal striatal (DLS) control over behavior. Here, we show that mice exposed to chronic intermittent alcohol exhibited expansion of dendritic material in DLS neurons, coupled with loss of endocannabinoid CB1 receptor signaling and CB1-mediated long-term depression in the DLS. Behaviorally, chronic alcohol exposure facilitated various forms of DLS-dependent learning and augmented in vivo DLS neuronal activity as correct learned choices were made. These findings support a model in which chronic ethanol causes DLS neuroadaptations that prime for greater striatal control over behavior, potentially contributing to the progression of alcoholism. Drug addictions including alcoholism are characterized by degradation of executive control over behavior and increased compulsive drug seeking. These profound behavioral changes are hypothesized to involve a shift in the regulation of behavior from prefrontal cortex to dorsal striatum (DLS). Studies in rodents have shown that ethanol disrupts cognitive processes mediated by the prefrontal cortex, but the potential effects of chronic ethanol on DLS-mediated cognition and learning are much less well understood. Here, we first examined the effects of chronic EtOH on DLS neuronal morphology, synaptic plasticity, and endocannabinoid-CB1R signaling. We next tested for ethanol-induced changes in striatal-related learning and DLS in vivo single-unit activity during learning. Mice exposed to chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) vapor exhibited expansion of dendritic material in DLS neurons. Following CIE, DLS endocannabinoid CB1 receptor signaling was down-regulated, and CB1 receptor-dependent long-term depression at DLS synapses was absent. CIE mice showed facilitation of DLS-dependent pairwise visual discrimination and reversal learning, relative to air-exposed controls. CIE mice were also quicker to extinguish a stimulus–reward instrumental response and faster to reduce Pavlovian approach behavior under an omission schedule. In vivo single-unit recording during learning revealed that CIE mice had augmented DLS neuronal activity during correct responses. Collectively, these findings support a model in which chronic ethanol causes neuroadaptations in the DLS that prime for greater DLS control over learning. The shift to striatal dominance over behavior may be a critical step in the progression of alcoholism.


Attempts have been made to improve the precision and accuracy of the analysis of metals performed with s park source mass spectrograph by using some standard samples(aluminum,steel,copper and lead matrix)that contained impurities in concentrations ranging from a few thousan down to ten ppm . Reproducibility expressed in terms of ooefficient of variation of the analytical results obtained on repeated exposures can attain5to15per cent(Tables l through4)provided that all source oonditions are maintained constant,especially the spark gap at a rather large value of ca .50μand all plots for calculation curves are corrected for line width variation . From the analytical results thus obtained and further subjected to correction for mass dependence o f emulsion sensitivity,the relative sensitivity factors of impurity elements have been .determined at the values ranging from0.48to3.6(Fe=1)(Table6 .cf.Table5). The experimental relative sensitivity factors agree within±30%with the values calulated by the relation proposed by Kai et al.in which the sensitivity factor of an element is inversely proportional to the product of its ionization potential and sublimation energy(Fig.4) .


Significance Antiretroviral therapy cannot eradicate HIV-1 because the virus can become transcriptionally inactive in resting memory CD4+ T cells (and other cell types), which are long-lived, thus generating a reservoir undetectable by the immune system. When therapy is stopped, the latent viral reservoir is activated and HIV-1 rebounds. Our understanding of HIV-1 latency and reactivation is incomplete. Here we report that the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) regulates HIV-1 reactivation from latency by controlling the NF-kB pathway. Therefore Hsp90 is a key molecule linking HIV-1 reactivation from latency to CD4+ T-cell activation. Selective Hsp90 inhibitors combined with PKC-ϑ inhibitors, all in phase II clinical trials, potently suppressed HIV-1 reactivation, thus Hsp90 may be a novel target to control HIV-1 latency. Latency allows HIV-1 to persist in long-lived cellular reservoirs, preventing virus eradication. We have previously shown that the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is required for HIV-1 gene expression and mediates greater HIV-1 replication in conditions of hyperthermia. Here we report that specific inhibitors of Hsp90 such as 17-(N-allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin and AUY922 prevent HIV-1 reactivation in CD4+ T cells. A single modification at position 19 in the Hsp90 inhibitors abolished this activity, supporting the specificity of the target. We tested the impact of Hsp90 on known pathways involved in HIV-1 reactivation from latency; they include protein kinase Cs(PKCs), mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal regulated kinase/positive transcriptional elongation factor-b and NF-κB. We found that Hsp90 was required downstream of PKCs and was not required for mitogen activated protein kinase activation. Inhibition of Hsp90 reduced degradation of IkBα and blocked nuclear translocation of transcription factor p65/p50, suppressing the NF-κB pathway. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that Hsp90 interacts with inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase (IKK) together with cochaperone Cdc37, which is critical for the activity of several kinases. Targeting of Hsp90 by AUY922 dissociated Cdc37 from the complex. Therefore, Hsp90 controls HIV-1 reactivation from latency by keeping the IKK complex functional and thus connects T-cell activation with HIV-1 replication. AUY922 is in phase II clinical trial and, in combination with a PKC-ϑ inhibitor in phase II clinical trial, almost completely suppressed HIV-1 reactivation at 15 nM with no cytotoxicity. Selective targeting of the Hsp90/Cdc37 interaction may provide a powerful approach to suppress HIV-1 reactivation from latency.


Today, twenty-eight nation-states founded on the principle that a nation has a right to a state of its own stand where, a little over a decade ago, nine states had vowed to replace nations with socialist internationalism. Fifteen Soviet, five Yugoslav, and two Czechoslovak successor states stand where previously there were three multinational unions. This postcommunist transition represented the second most intense burst of new states to enter the international system since 1815. This is curious because it took place at a time when nations and states, we are told, are under assault as never before from global forces. This development begs the question that I will address in this chapter – what accounts for the triumph of these nationstate projects rather than others? The nation-state has two faces – as a community and as an institution – and social scientists have used two different approaches to explain its triumph. Students of nationalism emphasize the element of national community and commonly attribute the triumph of nation-state projects to the demand by peoples for states of their own. Alternatively, many students of international relations have stressed the institutional development of the state and attribute the triumph of the nation-state to international selection mechanisms that favor this institutional form over its multinational competitors: nation-states trump the multinational alternatives by their military prowess, economic efficiency, or international acceptance. Yet neither approach offers an entirely satisfactory account of the postcommunist transformation.


Although DeLone-McLean and others insist that system usage is a key variable in information systems research, the system usage construct has received little theoretical scrutiny, has no accepted definition, and is measured by a diverse set of measures. In this article, we present a systematic approach for reconceptualizing the system usage construct. Comprised of two stages, definition and selection, the approach enables researchers to develop clear and valid measures of system usage for a given theoretical and substantive context. The definition stage requires that researchers define system usage and explicate its underlying assumptions. In the selection stage, we suggest that system usage be conceptualized in terms of its structure and function. The structure of system usage is tripartite, comprising a user, system, and task, and researchers need to justify which elements of usage are most relevant for their study. In terms of function, researchers should choose measures for each element (i.e., user, system, and/or task) that tie closely to the other constructs in the researcher's nomological network. To provide evidence of the viability of the approach, we undertook an empirical investigation of the relationship between system usage and short-run task performance in cognitively engaging tasks. The results support the benefit of the proposed approach and suggest new directions for research into the nature of system usage, its antecedents, and its consequences.


In this study, extraction of tannic acid using microchannel was investigated. Affective parameters were optimized. Different solvents including buthanol, ethylacetate and n-hexane as organic phase, methanol, propanol, ethanol and water as aqueous phase investigated. Microchannels with different confluence angles and diameters were examined. Microchannels with different confluence angles and diameters were examined. The effects of pH, temperature, and volumetric flow ratio and contact time of the two phases were investigated. The response surface methodology was used to optimize extraction yield of tannin from Quercus leaves in the employed microchannels. Based on this optimization, maximum yield was achieved at pH=2, temperature=33.1℃, volumetric flow ratio =1.2 and contact time of 25.35s. Results show that extraction-using microchannel has many advantages over traditional methods, including shorter time and higher economic efficiency. Moreover, microchannel provides smaller volume of fluids resulting in lower solvent consumption, lower waste production, shorter analytical times, smaller space requirements, and lower energy consumption.


Among different kinds of patterns, anthropomorphic alphabets set up a real genre in its own right, drawing on the iconographic repertoire of his time and reflecting it in charming and original compositions. For quantity, quality and variety of specimens preserved, the Prints and Drawings Department of the Pinacoteca Nazionale of Bologna is a quite unique case in Italy, boasting figured alphabets that span wide geographical and chronological boundaries, ranging from the late Gothic to the Nineteenth Century. After an introduction on collecting events of so unusual and particular graphic core, the article focuses on some examples of figurative alphabets of the Sixteenth century of transalpine area. Starting from the Alphabet of the children of Hans Weiditz (1521), constructed in accordance with the strictest rules of geometry, encoded in contemporary Renaissance treatises, but also reflecting the reborn taste of the ancient friezes with putti, we pass to Peter Flotner's (1534) and Jost Amman's (1567) alphabets, where the letters are made up entirely of human bodies forced into complicated postures, sometimes even bawdy. These specimens represent some interesting calligraphic experiments, where man truly becomes the measure of the characters of the alphabet


"what he was in for." Like millions of others, he knew that he was going on a mission from which he might not return or from which he might return crippled for life. Yet he was accepting the inevitability of his fate. "You can't stop wars," he said. He did not even try to see whether there might be something that mankind could do to put an end to these periodic catastrophies. Moreover, he is not the only one who believes war to be inevitable. By their very silence-even though it was a temporary silence-the other students admitted that they felt as he did. Furthermore, it is not youth alone who lack faith in future peace; adults also feel that way. The lack of faith in the future peace of the world stems from the fact that


The subject of this paper is a corpus analysis of patrimoine in contrastive perspective with its Polish equivalent dziedzictwo within the framework of the intercultural approach in French language teaching. Its purpose will be to reveal the semantic differences and similarities of these two words in terms of the results provided by the frequency and collocation analysis based on the Polish National Corpus, the French Corpus Frantext and Corpora Collection of Leipzig University. The study showed that one of the strongest and most frequent collocations, indicated by different collocation measures, for both Polish and French, is cultural heritage (Fr. patrimoine culturel, Pl. dziedzictwo kulturowe). Typical Polish collocations are national heritage and Christian heritage, while in French these are patrimoine artistique et patrimoine touristique.


A student's mathematical understanding in high school from poor families in the district of Ciamis is still low. After reviews the various literature and earlier research, consequently, researchers convince that learning mathematics with GeoGebra can help students improve for the better understanding. Our long-term goal of this research is to support the implementation of new curriculum, namely ICT-based learning mathematics. Another goal is to give a basic mastery skill regarding mathematics software to students from underprivileged families. Moreover, the specific objective of this study is to examine the students' mathematical understanding from underprivileged families after the implementation of learning with GeoGebra. We use a quantitative comparative research method to determine differences in the mathematical understanding of students' from underprivileged families before and after mathematics learning with GeoGebra. Accordingly, the students of senior high school from underprivileged family in Baregbeg, Ciamis district, are the population of this study. This research is using purposive sampling. The instrument is in the form of a test question, which is the test of mathematical understanding. Research results show that the mathematical understanding students' from underprivileged families after the mathematics learning with GeoGebra becomes better than before. The novelty of this research is that students understand the material of trigonometry through the use of modules, aided by GeoGebra in learning activities. Thus, the understanding has an impact on improving students' mathematical understanding. Students also master the use of GeoGebra Software. Implementing these two things will be very useful for the next lesson.


A total of 1695 Norwegian adolescents answered a questionnaire concerning how they perceived and reacted to the threat of war during the 1999 Kosovo war and the 2003 Iraq war. Based on previous research and clinical experience the following hypotheses were formed: a) The Kosovo war, being in closer proximity to Norway, will result in more reactions than the Iraq war; b) There will be more communication between adolescents and adults following the Iraq war than following the Kosovo war, due to education by psychologists via the media in the intervening period; c) Girls will evidence more reactions than boys, in line with previous work; d) Adolescents who score above cut-off on the Impact of Event Scale will report less communication with friends and parents, in line with psychosocial theories of posttraumatic stress and previous empirical findings. The first three hypotheses were generally supported, but findings regarding hypothesis (d) were mixed. It is believed that a more open communicative climate has developed in families and schools following increased attention by professionals and media to the coverage of wars and disasters in the media. Mild reactions to the two wars suggest adolescent resilience. Professionals can play an important role in disseminating information on how such events can be handled by parents, professionals and society at large.


Abstract Associating sexes in many species of the Neotropical hesperiid genus Porphyrogenes has been difficult, erroneous, or impossible, owing to their sexual dimorphism. Despite the extreme sexual dimorphism of Porphyrogenes peterwegei Burns, new species, full description of this rainforest skipper from Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica, is no problem. The available sample amounts to nearly 100 reared adults, almost evenly divided between the sexes. Of these, 67 have been DNA barcoded and found to vary minimally in their COI haplotypes, with one haplotype predominating. Caterpillars and pupae consistently go through a distinctive set of developmental changes in their color patterns. Foodplant choice is conservative: of 227 immatures found in the wild, 94% were eating woody vines of the genus Machaerium, especially M. seemannii (Fabaceae), whereas 6% were feeding on the quite unrelated species Dichapetalum morenoi (Dichapetalaceae)—a peculiar pattern of larval foodplant selection seen in another skipper and two butterfly species in ACG. Caterpillars of P. peterwegei are occasionally attacked by a host-specific parasitoid (an undescribed tachinid of the genus Siphosturmia), which has not otherwise been encountered in 20,642 tachinid attacks on the caterpillars of >3,000 species of Lepidoptera in ACG. Morphologically, P. peterwegei differs significantly from its many congeners in both facies and genitalia.


Electronic states confined to zero angle grain boundaries in single layer graphene are analyzed using topological band theoretic arguments. We identify a hidden chiral symmetry which supports symmetry protected zero modes in projected bulk gaps. These branches occupy a finite fraction of the interface-projected Brillouin zone and terminate at bulk gap closures, manifesting topological transitions in the occupied manifolds of the bulk systems that are joined at an interface. These features are studied by numerical calculations on a tight binding lattice and by analysis of the geometric phases of the bulk ground states.


EL CID (electromagnetic core imperfection detector) monitors the condition of large AC rotating machine stator cores. Applications cover turbogenerators, industrial-sized machines and hydrogenerators. The basic principle is that of detection by a Chattock potentiometer of the electromagnetic field set-up by circulating current from inter-laminar insulation defects. The test provides an indication of core insulation faults, remedial work progress, a satisfactory condition before, and after winding, and also on-going service condition (as a guide to the necessity for core renewal). A quantitative analysis of some unusual EL CID results, further confirms the soundness of the EL CID technique.


A tutorial overview of the drift tube linac beam dynamics code, PARMILA, is presented. Its structure and operation are described and its origins and applications are reviewed briefly. A major application, the evaluation of the effects of errors in construction and deviations from design operating conditions, and the extent to which these effects can be addressed by Parmila are discussed briefly. The user friendliness, accuracy, options in the code, and improvements to the code are described. References to this material are provided for the benefit of the reader.


P RINCIPAL Penhale formerly of the Iron River, Michigan, High School has contributed a well-written summary of opinions of his teaching staff on the subject: &dquo;Why do High School Students Fail.&dquo; That is an inside view of the situation. Possibly the opinions and observations of an &dquo;outsider&dquo; may be in order. These observations are drawn from experiences of a high-school examiner who visits teachers in 300 to 400 classes in secondary schools each year. They are from the experiences of one who studies the entire school organization, school and community relations, the working of the board of education, and many other activities, including the local &dquo;hangouts&dquo; which take up a lot of time of boys and girls.


This paper presents an innovative paver with groove beneath the normal rectangular paver, named as the Underside Shaped Concrete Paver (USCP). A known fact, there is less friction between surface at beneath of paver and bedding sand. Therefore, USCP provide their own grip to bedding sand especially during compaction process. The process of groove determination was first performed before the USCP were tested for compression and flexural strength. The groove was determined based on the theory of bending stress. Combined with several factors, the basic groove shapes chosen were rectangular and triangular. Results indicated that some groove shapes are better in compression, but have weak flexural strength and vice versa. In fact, the relationship between mechanical properties and groove shape is indisputable. It is hoped that the outcomes can be considered in the future to design desirable paver.


Research-based technologies were designed and extended to several communities in the province of Ilocos Sur, for utilization and technology transfer to farmer co-operators. Most of the technologies generated especially on machines were geared towards the advocacy on organic farming. Also, there is a strong support of the university in the implementation of R.A.100681 an act providing development and promotion of organic agriculture in the Philippines. Technology transfer was facilitated to several communities in the province of Ilocos Sur. A total of 325 farmers benefited and adopted the technologies. Organic fertilizers produced by farmers were utilized in their respective farms and another source of livelihood to some where they go into mass production of organic fertilizers and were sold in local market. Further, the adoption of technologies by farmers gained strong support from Local Government Units (LGU) from the provincial level to village level, the Provincial Agriculture Office, the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) and non-government organizations. The utilization of research-based technologies generally helped farmers in improving their productivity in yield and in income. Also, there is an effort towards the protection of the environment and reviving soil fertility. Keywords - technology adoption, research-based technology, farmer productivity, research utilization


Abstract: Job evaluation is the systematic process of determining the relative value of different jobs in an organization. The goal of job evaluation is to compare jobs with each other in order to create a pay structure that is fair, equitable, and consistent for everyone. In simple worlds, job evaluation is the rating of jobs in an organization. This is the process establishing the value or worth of jobs in a job hierarchy and compares the relative intrinsic value or worth of jobs within an organization. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), "job evaluation is an attempt to determine and compare the demands which the normal performance of a particular job makes on normal workers, without taking into account the individual abilities or performance of the workers concerned". In this article, we will focus on the process of Job Evaluation and the methods of Job Evaluation analytical and non- analytical methods along with their managerial implications.


Physicians' opinions on social issues and their role in advocacy are as varied as opinions across any other group of Americans that spans the width of the nation. But what does that mean when it comes to advocacy?


Per capita GNP, calculated according to the Bank's Atlas methodology, constitutes The Bank's main criterion for classifying countries to determine eligibility for various beneficial borrowing terms, and also as a broad criterion for distinguishing countries by income groups. The analysis in this paper underscores the operational and practical implications of a systematic and well documented approach to the choice and sources of conversion factors that underpins the Bank's Atlas methodology for per capita income estimates. In principle, the Bank adopts the official annual average exchange as the preferred source for exchange rates for the per capita GNP calculations. However, where this rate is clearly inappropriate, such as when the calender-year rate does not coincide with the fiscal-year national accounts data, or when distortions in the trade and payments system make the official rate an unreliable linkage between relative prices of traded goods, IEC uses an alternative exchange rate (conversion factor). This paper briefly explains how these alternative exchange rates are calculated, the rationale behind them, and the footnoting features in the Bank's Economic and Social Database (BESD) that make these calculations more transparent to users of the data.


The nuclear reactor accident at Fukushima occurred because the pump on the cooling system did not work. Next-generation nuclear reactors are expected to have a cooling system that remains functional even when the pump is not working. Natural convection becomes an option that can be used to flow the coolant without using a pump. Natural convection is a fluid flow phenomenon that occurs due to differences in density. The research was conducted to study the effect of the temperature difference on the flow rate of coolant. Previous experiments have been carried out to determine the flow rate of refrigerant to the height of the cooling system, but have deficiencies in the measurement of the flow rate of the coolant.


[1] We present multipoint Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) observations of transient dynamic pressure pulses in the magnetosheath 3–10 times the background in amplitude, due to enhancements in both the ion density and velocity. Their spatial dimensions are of the order of ∼1 RE parallel to the flow and ∼0.2–0.5 RE perpendicular to it, inferred from the difference in the amplitudes observed by the different spacecraft. For the first time, simultaneous observations of the solar wind and foreshock are also shown, proving no similar dynamic pressure enhancements exist upstream of the bow shock and that the majority of pulses are downstream of the quasi-parallel shock. By considering previously suggested mechanisms for their generation, we show that the pressure pulses cannot be caused by reconnection, hot flow anomalies, or short, large-amplitude magnetic structures and that at least some of the pressure pulses appear to be consistent with previous simulations of solar wind discontinuities interacting with the bow shock. These simulations predict large-amplitude pulses when the local geometry of the shock changes from quasi-perpendicular to quasi-parallel, while the opposite case should also produce notable pulses but typically of lower amplitude. Therefore, in a given region of the magnetosheath, some of the discontinuities in the solar wind should generate pressure pulses, whereas others are expected not to. There is also evidence that the pulses can impinge upon the magnetopause, causing its motion.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: Portal vein thrombosis is commonly associated with cirrhosis. The effect of alcoholic cirrhosis on portal vein thrombosis prevalence and mortality has not been well studied. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing the 2000–2014 National Inpatient Sample Database. We included patients older than 18 years with decompensated cirrhosis without a history of liver transplantation or hepatocellular carcinoma. We further identified patients with alcoholic cirrhosis vs. non-alcoholic cirrhosis. Primary outcomes included the risk and mortality of portal vein thrombosis in alcoholic cirrhosis. Secondary outcomes included trends of portal vein thrombosis prevalence and mortality in alcoholic cirrhosis, implications of portal vein thrombosis on complications in alcoholic cirrhosis vs. non-alcoholic cirrhosis, and risk of venous thromboembolism in alcoholic cirrhosis. Results: Among 1 892 271 patients with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis, portal vein thrombosis prevalence was 1.3%. Alcoholic cirrhosis was associated with lower risk of portal vein thrombosis (odds ratio 0.76, P < 0.001) and venous thromboembolism (odds ratio 0.69, P < 0.001) compared to non-alcoholic cirrhosis. Portal vein thrombosis contributed to increased mortality (odds ratio 1.19, P < 0.001) in alcoholic cirrhosis. Portal vein thrombosis prevalence among alcoholic cirrhosis increased while mortality declined during the study period. Conclusion: Thrombotic events including portal vein thrombosis and venous thromboembolism were found in less frequent association with alcoholic cirrhosis compared with non-alcoholic cirrhosis. Despite this, the higher in-hospital mortality found among portal vein thrombosis with alcoholic cirrhosis should prompt careful consideration of management.


In this work we present the experimental setup, combining edge, and x-ray diagnostics, used to localize the currents generated by fast electrons confined near the plasma periphery in TJ-II plasmas. The method is similar to that used for the experimental determination of the magnetic field mapping in stellarators, just intercepting the trajectories of test electrons. The fact that stellarators can keep magnetic structures "frozen" in vacuum during the field plateau enables the detection of local currents near the plasma periphery in the TJ-II stellarator.


Climate change has affected the people in terms of ability to earn money, ability to stay healthy and generation of livelihood opportunities. The people have to understand the impact of climate change on their livelihoods. The media can help people respond to changes in climate and availability of key resources across the globe. The media have the potential to support people to reduce the impact of changes in climate on people's lives by contributing to people's ability to secure food, water and shelter, employment, security and other resources. The media can also educate the people about the issues and concerns of climate change and enable people to cope with the climate change. The scientific, conservation, academic and media community need to develop a positive attitude towards climate change and other environmental issues. The climate change science and policy communities are the principal sources of education on environment and development. The media's representation of climate change as a social issue, therefore, focuses on the interplay between the science community and the political society. The meteorologists and communicators are required to work together to provide timely and relevant education on the adaptation measures in times of climate change. The media should play a pivotal role in creating awareness
and bringing the positive behavioral change among people in mitigating the consequences of climate change.


Automated robotic fruit harvesting has become an exciting new topic in the last decade, with multiple new developments in the subject every year. With the lack of agricultural workers, robotic harvesting has become even more relevant. However, none of the robotic systems that have been created can compare with the speed of a human worker, and for a robotic system to become economically viable, it must be able to compete with them. OrBot, the Orchard Picking Robot created by the Robotics Vision Lab, has been successful at harvesting at 15s per apple. For this to be commercially viable, the harvesting speed should be around 10s. Using MATLAB optimization techniques, the harvesting time was reduced to 9.5s.


Computerized information system is neededs to help the Dikjar Unit to ease business processes at Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jakarta to input data. Therefore, it is necessary to design information systems that can support the process. As for tools and construction techniques used in this design, such as flowchart, data flow diagram (DFD) and Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD). And use of software, such as Microsoft Visual Basic 2013 as a tool for designing programs based on web, Microsoft Excel 2013 as the database that will connect with the program designed. This research was limited to only discussing about the design and internal running test. The real appliying on the Dikjar Unit will be discuss on next period of this jurnal. The end result of this research is a web-based application program that used to perform data entry preceptor of thesis and work practice, which are able to assess the performance of the Dikjar's Unit completion time.


Operation and revamping of a 70 t/h chemical water treatment station for waste heat boilers of zinc oxide volatilizing kilns and sulphuric acid plant are described.During trial production,the treatment station failed to meet production requirement with off - spec chloride iron content and conductivity and lower flow of effluent because of much poorer raw water quality than that the design was based on.Some revamping measures,such as putting plate heat exchanger into operation,segregating open water reservoirs and addition of active carbon filters, were took,resulting in satisfying effect.


The motion of a bubble impacting on a solid wall is studied numerically using the open-source
code TBFsolver for the simulations of multiphase flows. This code employs Direct Numerical
Simulation (DNS) using a volume of fluid (VOF) approach, and has already been tested for situations
involving a single bubble as well as a vast number of bubbles. An extensive study is
performed for a single bubble hitting a wall head-on and under an angle of 45 degrees. Bubble
movement and deformation suggest that the small-scale processes that occur during bubblewall
interactions are captured well by the solver. Geometric quantities along with the energy
dissipation near the bubble are compared to an existing bubble collision model.
A method to approximate the flow between the bubble and the wall is presented using lubrication
theory. This method is applied to numerical simulation results. The outcomes are found to
be in qualitative agreement with the numerical simulation data. We conclude by discussing the
possibilities of applying lubrication theory to the TBFsolver.


Mycoplasma genitalium, causing non‐gonococcal non‐chlamydial urethritis and associated with cervicitis, has developed antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to both the macrolide azithromycin (first‐line treatment) and the fluoroquinolone moxifloxacin (second‐line treatment). Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of resistance, based on genetic AMR determinants, to these antimicrobials in the M. genitalium population in two Swedish counties, Örebro and Halland, 2011–2015. In total, 672 M. genitalium positive urogenital samples were sequenced for 23S rRNA and parC gene mutations associated with macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance, respectively. Of the samples, 18.6% and 3.2% in Örebro and 15.2% and 2.7% in Halland contained mutations associated with macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance, respectively. The predominating resistance‐associated mutations in the 23S rRNA gene was A2059G (n = 39) in Örebro and A2058G (n = 13) and A2059G (n = 13) in Halland. The most prevalent possible resistance‐associated ParC amino acid alterations were S83I (n = 4) in Örebro and S83N (n = 2) in Halland. Resistance‐associated mutations to both macrolides and fluoroquinolones were found in 0.7% of samples. Our findings emphasize the need for routine AMR testing, at a minimum for macrolide resistance, of all M. genitalium‐positive samples and regular national and international surveillance of AMR in M. genitalium, to ensure effective patient management and rational antimicrobial use.


A novel optical fibre sensor was developed to detect the ignition delay of direct injection diesel engine fuelled with dimethyl ether(DME).Under different speed and load conditions,the ignition delay was measured with the optical fibre sensor.The measurement results were in good agreement with the previous experimental data of DME ignition delay.The ignition delay computations,which include physical and chemical ignition delay simulations,were also performed using a gas jet fuel spray mixing model coupled with the CHEMKIN4.0 commercial software package for various engine operating conditions.The computation results agreed well with the experimental results.


[Johanna Gribble]: In a guest editorial, David Morris and Edward Taub describe the evolution of the Constratint Induced Movement Therapy Training Program at the University of AlabamaBirmingham, detailing the instructional elements provided in the program, posttraining experiences of selected program participants, and future plans for the training program to further enhance the translation of CI therapy into other clinical and research settings. The program provides an example of how research findings can be translated into a practical clinical program and then disseminated for use by clinicians and researchers.


This paper gives an extensive review of various studies on automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology used
to facilitate people with dyslexia in acquiring basic literacy skills.The paper
delineates how the technology can help children to improve their abilities in reading, spelling, and writing.These basic skills require a person to be aware of the phonological aspect of a language. Unfortunately, phonological awareness is
a major problem for people with dyslexia. Therefore, ASR technology is seen to have enhanced their phonological awareness ability by providing multi-sensory experience and thus improves the essential skills needed in education.This paper also outlines a few
problems of using current available ASR tools to cater for the needs of dyslexic children to improve their academic performances.


Land use changes have remarkable effects on the dynamics of soil properties. However, information on the effect of land use type on soil acidity and fertility parameters is very limited. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different land uses on soil acidity and fertility status in Northern Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected from cultivated fields, home garden, Eucalyptus plantation, and grazing lands. Composite soil samples were taken from a depth of 0-20 cm representing these land uses and analyzed for selected soil physiochemical properties such as Texture, Exchangeable Acidity, Acid Saturations, pH, Exchangeable Bases, CEC, Available P, Available K, Total N, and Organic Carbon. The results showed that the soils in all land uses are slight to moderately acidic (pH=5.9 6.3) except the home garden soils. Home garden soils had significantly (p<0.01) higher soil pH than the other three land uses. Furthermore, significantly higher (p<0.01) Exchangeable Bases, Effective CEC and Available P were obtained from home garden fields than soils of other land uses. The low soil pH in cultivated fields was probably due to continuous removal of basic cations by crops and intensive cultivation that enhanced leaching of basic cations; while relatively higher soil pH in home garden fields attributed to the application of manure, wood ashes and other easily decomposable garbage around the homestead gardens. In general, special attention should be given to cultivated land to improve the acidity and fertility status of soils so as to sustain it s productivity.


The content of the concept anthropological crisis is explicated in the article by means of the integral traditionalism philosophy. The heuristic potential of integral traditionalism and its correlation with modern scientific ideas is represented.


The perceived spatial frequency of low-frequency sinusoidal gratings is elevated when the gratings are temporally modulated sufficiently rapidly. Although this phenomenon is usually called 'spatial-frequency doubling', the magnitude of this spatial-frequency elevation depends on the spatial and temporal parameters of the grating and may be less than or greater than doubling. Adaptation to such a pattern produces contrast-threshold elevation whose spatial-frequency tuning is centred upon the grating's real rather than perceived spatial frequency. These results suggest that spatial-frequency elevation occurs later in the visual system than adaptation or that these two processes are independent of one another, at least under the conditions of these experiments.


This paper deals with the problem to estimate some states of a multi-output nonlinear dynamical system which is partially observable. To address this problem, this paper provides a set of geometrical conditions that guarantee the existence of a change of coordinates which decomposes the studied nonlinear dynamical system into two dynamical subsystems, where the first one is of the well-known output injection form. This transformed form allows us to design a simple reduced-order (Luenberger-like) observer to estimate the observable state.


We define infinitesimal contact transformations for ordinary difference schemes as transformations that depend on K + 1 lattice points (K ⩾ 1) and can be integrated to form a local or global Lie group. We then prove that such contact transformations do not exist.


This article analyses three aspects of the theory erfolgsquilificierte delikte, its summary, demonstration and features. The writer argues that in joint crime the behavior man, who has no causation with the consequence, should be charged with responsibility even though the consequence is only caused by other partly practical conduct.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the Egyptian Personal Data Protection Law No. 151 for 2020, as well as its implications for journalistic practice. More specifically, the focal point of this study was to explore how Egyptian journalists interpret the law and its implication for press freedom in Egypt. The underpinning theoretical framework was informed by the Authoritarian school of thought. Questionnaires were distributed to 199 journalists from both independent and semi-governmental representing thirteen official newspapers of Egypt, while in-depth interviews were done with (3) Editors, (4) journalists, and (3) human rights lawyers. The finding of the study indicated that the government placed restrictions on journalists by using Data Protection Law relating to the media. That law is negatively impacting journalists and media houses. It was clear from the findings that the journalists see the law as an obstacle to media independence, as it allows the government to exercise greater information control through digital policy and puts rules of regulation against journalists.


Abstract Collision rates and impact velocities for Trojan asteroids have been estimated by a robust numerical approach, based on a parallel computation of orbits over time spans of ≈10 4 year and the subsequent statistical analysis of the resulting close encounter data bases. The average intrinsic collision probabilities for the two Trojan swarms are 6.46 × 10 −18 km −2 year −1 (L 4 ) and 5.30 × 10 −18 km −2 year −1 (L 5 ), namely about twice the corresponding value for the main asteroid belt. Collision speeds range from ≈1 to 14 km/sec, with a mean value close to 5 km/sec. These findings suggest that the intensity of the collisional process is about the same in the Trojan swarms as in the main belt, and are consistent with the detection of dynamical families among Trojans. The collisional flux in the Trojan regions is very anisotropic, with a dominant component perpendicular to the invariable plane. Subtle dynamical mechanisms are likely to somewhat affect the Trojan collision rates, but their understanding requires further work on the very long-term evolution of Trojan orbits.


Fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) was employed to analyze the crystallization kinetics of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) graphene nanocomposites. The emphasis of the present study is the heterogeneous nucleation of the PBS crystals in the presence of graphene nanosheets. Graphene oxide nanosheets were first synthesized and then reduced and homogeneously dispersed into a PBS matrix. The internal structure of neat PBS and of the nanocomposite was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and wide angle X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystallization from the melt and from the glass studied at high cooling and heating rates via FSC appeared to be significantly promoted in the presence of graphene. The presence of secondary crystallization on heating and the higher crystal perfection observed were attributed to the formation of a graphene network inside the PBS matrix. The activation energies of melt and glass crystallization were combined in order to obtain one set of Hoffman–Lauritzen parameters for ea...


In the situation of dynamic changes in society and in the natural environment, the social dimension of
activity, Guided by responsibility and commitment, matters more than ever before. Responsibility understood
in this way is something other than greed, philanthropy or marketing. (Rojek-Nowosielska,
2017) . The consequence of this is building partner relationships based on communication between the organization and relevant stakeholders, and inclusion of social and environmental initiatives into the com-pany's strategy and their implementation. Transparent communication is promoted by the provisions of the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council 2014/95 / EU and their transposition through amendment of the Accounting Act, introducing the obligation of non-financial reporting for a defined group of entities. The aim of the article is to identify and evaluate the corporate social responsibility strategies implemented on the basis of profile and detailed indicators presented in non-financial reports of companies of macro-sector 400: industrial and construction-assembly production, prepared according to the GRI 4 standard for 2017. The study included analysis of selected statements in reports on operations or separate reports of 14 companies that met the requirement of comparability. The research methods used include literature analysis, deduction, comparative analysis of structure indicators reported by the examined com-panies and GRI 4 structure indicators as well as indicators of intensity. The results of the conducted analysis confirmed the cognitive value of non-financial reports in assessing the implementation of the sustainable development strategy by all stakeholders. However, they showed the need to improve the content of these reports, including the wider publication of detailed, quantitative and leading indicators, and their interrela-tionship.


In the literature of blind equalization, algorithms developed for equalizing an SISO or SIMO channel fail sometimes when the channel condition is poor. We derive blind equalization algorithms from blind separation algorithms to equalize the SISO channel with fractionally sampling. The approach is also applied to equalize SIMO or MIMO channels. For switching channels, we use an updating rule to tune the learning rate of on-line algorithms automatically to follow the channel change. The idea is applicable to improve all blind equalization algorithms to equalize switching channels.


Intended Grade Level 9-12 Units of Credit 1.0 Core Code 35.02.00.00.021 Concurrent Enrollment Core Code 35.02.00.13.021 Prerequisite Digital Literacy suggested – Introduction to Information Technology, Computer Science Principles Skill Certification Test Number #944 Test Weight 1.0 License Type CTE and/or Secondary Education 6-12 Required Endorsement(s) Endorsement 1 Database Development Endorsement 2 N/A Endorsement 3 N/A


Representation learning plays a crucial rule in pattern recognition. Recently, sparse representation (SR) has become a popular technique in high-dimensional signal processing. In this paper, we provide an alternative archetypal representation (AR) to conduct the representation learning. Compared with SR, AR preserves the sparsity of the learned representation, but has a lower complexity and better interpretation. For the classification of hyperspectral image, spatial information plays an important role in improving the classification performance. Instead of representing each sample individually, we propose a globally regularized AR model, which uses graph regularization to include the contextual information into the learned representation. Although the entire model is convex, it is time consuming to obtain the optimal solution, which limits its large-scale applications. To address the computational issue, we further propose an efficient approximate solver based on line search on a feasible solution trajectory. It turns out that the approximate solution is very close the optimal solution, with a relative error less than 5% usually, but speeds up the optimization dozens of times. Experiments demonstrate that the learned representation with the approximate solution is discriminant comparable to the optimal solution. Using the learned representation as a high-level feature, a linear support vector machine works effectively to produce a high-accuracy classification.


ABSTRACT In order to describe the lactation curves of milk yield traits, six standard growth models (Brody, logistic, Gompertz, Schumacher, Von Bertalanffy and Morgan) were used. Data were 911,144 test-day records for unadjusted milk yield , 4% fat-corrected milk yield and energy-corrected milk yield from the first lactation of Iranian Holstein cows, which were collected on 834 dairy herds in the period from 2000 to 2011. Each model was fitted to monthly production records of dairy cows using the NLIN and MODEL procedures in SAS. The models were tested for goodness of fit using adjusted coefficient of determination, root means square error, Durbin–Watson statistic, Akaike's information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). The Morgan model provided the best fit of the lactation curves due to the lower values of AIC and BIC than other models, but the Brody model did not fit the production data as well as the other equations. The results showed that the Morgan equation was able to estimate the time to the peak and peak yield more accurately than the other equations. Overall, evaluation of the different growth equations indicated the potential of the nonlinear functions for fitting monthly productive records of Holstein cows.


This research aims to find out the improving ways of the policies and laws of consumer protection in E-commerce for China through reviewing the problems and policies for consumers' loss in both Chinese and South Korean E-commerce. This paper is applied the secondary analysis based on the publications in Korea and China. In order to protect the consumers' legitimate rights and interests and to help them to get easy and quick access to remedies, the following solutions are proposed : (1) Make the basic law for protecting consumers in E-commerce. (2) Develop the prevention system against online fraud. (3) Adopt the burden of proof. (4) Make the small claims procedure to reduce disputes. (5) Set up the online complaint center and arbitration system. (6) Make law to protect consumers' privacy. (7) Introducing the cooling-off for withdrawal. Improving ways of the policies and laws in comparison with Korean's will help protecting consumers of online shopping in China. As the consumers' rights and interests is protected, the development of E-commerce will be dramatically promoted.


This history of the Brisbane Kindergarten Teachers College is addressed to all who have been intimately connected with the College from the time of its inception in 1911 to the day of its amalgamation, 1 January 1982, into the Brisbane College of Advanced Education, and
to its many friends, supporters, and interested observers of the wider public throughout the seventy years of its existence.

The introductory section, 'One Peppercorn Per Year', serves to explain the origins of the founders of the College and the motivations for social reform which gave rise to the
kindergarten movement in Queensland. The organization of the history into five chronological stages reflects the events which clearly delineate set periods in the development of the College. Stage one, 'Early Origins and the Formative Years' describes the earliest days
of kindergarten education in Queensland when Froebelian theory and the advent of the Nursery Schools held great sway. Stage two begins with the disruption created by World War II and its aftermath and demonstrates the reconstructive capacity of the College. The process of consolidation in stage three is significant for the inauguration of a Council with an eduqttional brief for the College alone. Stage four, 'The Expansionary Era' presents a picture showing the best of both worlds, with the new College hailing a decade of unprecedented growth, accompanied by the infusion of Commonwealth funds, State grants, and non-means tested Commonwealth and State allowances. In stage five, 'The Age of
Autonomy', attention is directed to the diversified expansion of the College and the consequent problematic, pressure-filled days when the College came under threat as an autonomous institution. The concluding section attempts to portray a brief synthesizing viewpoint of the stage at which the College made its exit and gives a glimpse of the futurefacing early childhood protagonists.

The reader is requested to note that the College was known as the Brisbane Kindergarten Training College until 1965 when its name was changed to the Brisbane Kindergarten Teachers College. It is most frequently referred to, in this history, as the College. The term
Association refers to the Creche and Kindergarten Association of Queensland (Incorporated), unless otherwise specified, and in this context, Board indicates the Board of Management, which replaced the Executive Council of the Association.

The Brisbane College of Advanced Education has adopted a non-discriminatory policy in all aspects of its work, and the author subscribes to this policy. Brisbane Kindergarten Teachers College was, however, exclusively a women's college until 1973 and kindergarten teacher education was regarded as an occupation for women only, until this date. Consequently, forconsistency with historical sources, quotes etc. the feminine gender is used throughout the
text.


Thermal runaway observations on a variety of materials including strontium titanate, zinc oxide, iron oxide, and alumina, have been explained successfully in terms of a recent theory, which involves absorbing entities such as vacancies, bivacancies, or interstitials, which have to overcome an energy barrier in order to absorb microwaves to a significant extent. However, there is a tendency, unexplained so far, for the energy-barrier values extracted in this fashion to be slightly smaller than those obtained from diffusion measurements. The source of this systematic discrepancy is discovered through the application of a stochastic analysis of the mobility of the ceramic materials. New barrier values are obtained from the thermal runaway observations and found to be in better agreement with diffusion experiments.


Problem: The purpose of this study was to determine general high school teachers' perceptions towards the frequency of school principals' conflict management styles and their effectiveness.
Method: The sample of the study consisted of 362 teachers working for general high schools during 2007-2008 academic year in Izmir. The 28 item scale titled "Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory II� developed by Rahim (1983) was administered in order to collect data. The data collected was analyzed by employing statistical techniques such as mean, standard deviation, the t-test, the one way analysis of variance and LSD test.
 Results: After analyzing the data the following results have been reached: According to the perceptions of teachers, while school principals mostly use "collaboration� style , they prefer "compromise�, "avoidance�, "domination� styles occasionally dealing with conflicts among teachers respectively. The teachers perceived that the principals use "accomodation� style with minimum frequency. Teachers also perceived that the most effective conflict management style exhibited by their principals was "collaboration� style, on the other hand "compromise�, "avoidance� and "accomodation� was perceived relatively less effective but the "domination� style was perceived least effective by teachers. According to the 20-29 age group of teachers' perceptions, most effective style is "avoidance� while 30-39 and 40 and over age groups emphasize "collaboration� style as most effective conflict management style. The least effective style according to the 20-29 age group's perception is "accommodation� style, while 30-39 and 40 and over age groups perceive "domination� style is the least effective one. The perceptions on the effectiveness of "collaboration� and "accommodation� styles differ according to the age groups. The group of 30-39 age sees the "collaboration� style more effective than the group of 20-29. The 30-39 age group also thinks that the "accommodation� style is more effective than the groups of 20-29 and 40 and over think. The perceptions of the teachers on the effectiveness of the conflict management styles differ according to their education level. The teachers who have pre-license and license education, perceive the "collaboration� style as the most effective one while the teachers who have post-graduate degree perceive "avoidance� is the most effective one. According to the teachers' perceptions of pre-license and license groups, the least effective conflict management style is the "domination� style while the teachers who have post-graduate degree, think the least effective one is the "accommodation� style. The teachers' perceptions on the effectiveness of the "accommodation� and "compromise� styles differ according to their educational level. The teachers who have license degree, see the "accommodation� and "compromise� styles more effective than the teachers who have post-graduate degree.
Recommendations: According to the findings, the recommendations the following were developed: School managers have to know in which organizational conditions which conflict management style they have to use. According to this research findings, they use the "collaboration� style frequently but they use the other styles "sometimes� and "rarely�. The most effective conflict management style differs according to the organizational situations and conditions. School managers must be trained by in-service education programs on which style is convenient in which organizational conditions. The young teachers (20-29 years old) see the "avoidance� style as the most effective conflict management style. This finding shows that young teachers prefer to ignore the problems. The reason of this ignorance can be the fear of being harmed by the system. The educational system must have more legal professional security for the young teachers. The "collaboration� and "accommodation� styles are seen more effective in 30-39 age group of teachers than 20-29 and 40 and over age groups of teachers. "Collaboration� and "accommodation� are the styles of democratic and reconcile the different thoughts. The 20-29 age of group can be against of "accommodation� because they can think everything by being against. The 40 and over age group of teachers also think that "accommodation� style is not effective as much as the 30-39 age group think. These teachers of 40 and over age group can think they are in the end of the profession. So, the group of 30-39 age of teachers seem more reconciler than the other age groups. It can be thought that the teacher between 30-39 age, are more suitable for attaining managerial positions. The education level has an effect on conflict management styles. The teachers who have pre-license and license degree, see the "collaboration� style as the most effective conflict management style, while the teachers who have post-graduate degree see the "avoidance� style as the most effective one. This finding shows that post-graduated teachers do not want to be interested in school matters a lot. This can means there are some problems between school managers and the teachers who have post-graduated teachers. Some research has to be done to explore the problems between school managers and the teachers who have post-graduate degree.
Key Words: Conflict, Conflict Management, Perception, General High School, Teacher.


Over the recent decade, various endogenous lectins have been identified in different tumor cells. There is well-defined positive correlations between tumor endogenous lectins activity and tumor growth, malignancy, metastasis. Lectins are also related to immunity of patient with tumor. No evidence of endogenous lectins in acute leukemia cells has been documented in our country. In this paper, endogenous lectins of HL-60 cells were investigated using agglutination of murine spleen cells. Our results showed that the extract of HL-60 cells could agglutinate lymphocytes of murine spleens. The mean score of agglutination was 69±4.19, while that in control group was 1.61± 0.53. The results indicated that HL-60 cells contained high activity of endogenous lectins. When the extract of HL-60 cells was exposed to trypsin, its agglutination activity was greatly inhibited. The rate of inhibition was 72.46%. 0.2mol/L galactose also apparently inhibited agglutination up to 49.27%. It could be suggested that the endogenous lectins are galactose-specific glycoconjugated proteins. Extract of HL-60 cells containing endogenous lectins could stimulate spleen lymphocytes of unprimed mice to proliferate and transform.


Research on why we use a specific mode of thinking has long recognised the relevance of mental costs. The definition of this cost, however, has either been too abstract to be measured or focusing on metabolic costs, which currently is expensive and difficult to measure. In this experiment, we used a paradigm that measures the behavioural cost of three modes of thinking (rational reflection, emotional reflection and a comparison task) by the performance (reaction times) on a consecutive mental task (emotional and neutral Stroop). To get a measure of the participants' habitual way of thinking, we used a questionnaire covering two pedagogic constructs: separate and connected knowing (ATTLS). Reaction times were longest following rational reflective thought, while both emotional reflective thought and a comparison task led to shorter reaction times. These differences varied with task timing, so that the reaction times following the rational task became gradually shorter, while the emotional task led to increasing reaction times. Based on these results we suggest that rational and emotional reflection add differently to mental load and hence to switching between different modes of thought. A relationship between the individual performance on rational vs emotional processing and habitual way of thinking (measured by the ATTLS questionnaire) indicated ecological validity of the measures. Taken together, the paradigm shows promise as a tool for disentangling the interaction between, and cost of, different modes of thinking. (Less)


Particleboard gives rise to wet stress in the course of manufacture and use owing to the change of moisture content. The result shows that the wet stress caused by wet effect is about 0.21 MPa, accounting for 13.4% of the average interface combination intensity reduction value. Qualitative and quantitative appraisal of wet stress is critically important to enhance the combination stability at interface.


1. The severity of measles in infants and young children in Ilesha in Nigeria suggested this as a suitable centre for a trial of measles vaccine. 2. The trial was divided into three stages. In the first the vaccine was given to a group of 26 children who could be kept under close observation and were seen twice daily. In the second the vaccine was given to 120 children, a similar group receiving gamma globulin and an inert material. In the third stage the effect of vaccine and gamma globulin given as separate injections to 378 children, was compared with that of gamma globulin and inert material given to another control group. The second and third stages were run on the 'double blind' principle. 3. The children receiving vaccine alone showed fairly severe reactions but none were disabled by them; for example, 19 % had fever over 103° F. The reactions were similar to those observed in American children, with the one exception that diarrhoea was seen amongst African children receiving vaccine without gamma globulin. Those receiving vaccine and gamma globulin had only minor reactions. In the vaccinated children there was a notable absence of the severe complications seen with the natural disease in Nigeria. 4. Children who were well below the average weight for their age and sex in this community did not show more severe reactions than those above the average weight.


Abstract Algebra is a key course in the high school mathematics sequence. Despite its prominence, large-scale examinations of algebra instruction are rare and it is not clear whether and how instructional practices that support students' learning of algebra content manifest in classroom instruction. Drawing on video from 108 ninth-grade algebra lessons from 5 districts recorded as part of the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) Project, I describe instruction using scores from a newly developed, algebra-focused observation tool to ground the description of instructional practice in the content being taught. I present the range of instructional formats and the nature and quality of algebra-focused instructional features related to the teaching of procedures and to the ways in which teachers leverage connections to support students' algebra learning. To illustrate these descriptive results, I present case studies of 2 lessons: 1 rated typical and 1 rated high-quality. I find that although the majority of lessons in the sample follow traditional formats, specific instructional features that benefit student learning in algebra are present to a modest degree across lessons, though not often at high levels of quality. The case lessons demonstrate both glimmers of promise and missed opportunities to engage in instruction that benefits student learning of algebra. I discuss the implications of these results for improving the quality of algebra teaching and argue for the affordances of a content-focused observation tool as a lens for instructional improvement efforts.


The present paper investigates the static and dynamic polarizabilities of a two-dimensional D− ion under the influence of a magnetic field. The three-body system's Schrodinger equation is solved using a precise ab initio approach, correlating the spherical radial coordinates by means of hyperspherical coordinates. The spectrum is obtained using Born-Oppenheimer-like potential curves, in which the magnetic field is accounted for as a harmonic potential term. The polarizability is determined by employing a fast convergent variationally stable treatment.


Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes blended with various amounts of MWCNT-ZnO (0.1%–3%) nanocomposites were prepared by the phase inversion method. The effect of nanocomposites blending on the membrane structural and morphological properties was investigated by XRD, FT-IR and SEM techniques. Contact angle measurement reveals that the hydrophilicity of the membrane increases with the increase of nanocomposite content; a reduction of the contact angle from 103° for PVDF to 49° for hybrid membrane was obtained. An optimum amount of 0.5% of MWCNT-ZnO blended in a PVDF hybrid membrane assured 85% removal rate of RbB under UV light irradiation. It was observed that the pollutant removal occurs through the simultaneous action of two processes: adsorption and photocatalysis. By blending with MWCNT-ZnO nanoparticles, the PVDF membrane acquires photocatalytic properties which assure a self-cleaning property in the membrane, increasing its lifetime.


Adipic acid was crystallized via batch cooling from aqueous solution under continuous ultrasonic radiation. The product particle characteristics are compared first with those achieved at steady state in a continuous crystallization process operated under continuous insonation and second with the products of dry milling techniques, viz. hammer milling and micronization and high shear wet milling (HSWM) respectively, and of batch reverse antisolvent crystallization (RAS). off-line Malvern MasterSizer measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), were used to compare particle size distributions and to investigate the difference in particle habit and to analyze the surface characteristics at sub-micrometer scale. The effect of ultrasonic waves applied to batch and continuous crystallization was found to be effective in producing particle sizes comparable with micronization. Continuous insonation during batch crystallization provides spherical particles, with increased and...