This paper aims to (1) describe the mapping of students'thesis writing of Javanese Language Education, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Yogyakarta State University to be more directed and quickly pass as needed; (2) to describe the strategic step of science development of Javanese literary anthropology as the competitive superior. This research is a descriptive research analysis that aims to perform meta-analysis on the results of studies in various concepts in the development of research umbrella on students' thesis writing. The results showed a mapping of students' thesis based on the research group of Javanese Literature Anthropology. The science of Anthropology of Javanese literature is more desirable for students, because it can combine the field of literature with other fields such as: (1) folklore, (2) culture, (3) pragmatic, (4) religion, and (5) art. After going through the assessment, it turns out that the field of Anthropology of Javanese Literature can be developed through interdisciplinary literature review. The results of this interdisciplinarystudy can give ideas to students' writing thesis fields as in (1) literary and religious studies, (2) literary and travel studies, (3) literary and gastronomic studies, (4) literary and political studies, (5) ) literary ethnographic studies, (6) literary postcolonial studies, (7) literary diaspora studies, (8) literary industrialization studies, and (9) karawitan (traditional Javanese instrument) literary studies. Studies of literary anthropology are done by students who write the thesis under supervision of research lecturers. In addition, mapping the field of science through thesis writing is further supported by mentors who are conducting similar research. By these means, students are expected to graduate faster. The thesis writing is projected to broaden the development of Javanese literary anthropology as a competitive superior in the future.


In order to incarnate "multithreading" of news event reporting,the paper studies the validity of graph theory for managing news video database.Firstly,news stories similarity and graph theory are studied for digesting complicated relations of all stories reporting the same event.Then, a method based on minimal spanning tree is presented for predigesting the similarity graph into a simple tree with "multithreads".Experiments show that the method is a research issue with great theoretical and pratical significance for browsing,searching and abstracting in news video database.


The paper that was allocated pages 912–915 has been withdrawn at a late stage. If you have already downloaded this paper, please consider it unpublished. If you have any queries, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com.


A series of feasible ways were put forward aiming at the problems about the re-studying practice after the establishing of "No 1 Military" project: ①enforce training, lay a solid foundation, shorten the adaption period; ②enforce teaching, widen the scale and verify the responsibility; ③enforce supervision, standardize operation and enforce practicability; ④testing regularly, make comprehensive assessmentand managing according to regulations.


In the frame of the ESA project AO-6896, novel 'gravity friendly' additive manufactured heat pipes were developed and tested. The technology utilizes laser powered bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing (AM) technique to construct titanium-ammonia heat pipes with integrated micro-scale lattice capillary wick structures. Laser parameter optimisation trials and capillary lift height experimentation enabled miniaturisation of the lattice structure cell size to below the current state-of-the art processes. This enabled a level of capillary pumping against gravity, whilst achieving the specified 30 W direct thermal management of a simulated microprocessor. The AM heat pipe technology is the first of its kind and has been granted European Patent No. 2715265. This paper presents an overview of the technology and gives a comparison against a stainless steel, ammonia heat pipe, with a screen mesh capillary wick structure, that was developed in parallel to the AM heat pipe.


This article investigates the effects of economic policy uncertainty on the Brazilian stock market. We link excess returns and dividend growth rates to the economic policy uncertainty index of Baker et al. (2016) and other control variables. In recent years, Brazil has experienced political tensions, which affected its economic policy. Therefore, this country is the most suitable environment to test the hypothesis that this measure of economic policy uncertainty has an informational content not wholly reflected in the usual constructs of economic uncertainty and economic distress. Our results show that economic policy uncertainty (i) correlates negatively with current excess stock returns; (ii) correlates positively with future excess stock returns, showing itself to be a good predictor of future performance of the stock market; (iii) is not significantly related to future dividend growth rates; and (iv) anticipates changes in discount rates.


Formation creating is the primary problem to be studied in multi -agent formation cooperative control. The dynamic formation creating problem for multi-unmanned underwater vehicles(Multi-UUVs) is researched in this paper. In order to generate desired formation and avoid collision, a horizontal space 2D grid model is established firstly to realize the maneuvering of Multi-UUVs in formation creating. Then, the four-stage column and row mobility mechanism is designed to make each UUV move orderly in the 2D grid space. Further, the maneuvering desired position of each UUV is planned with particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm to make each UUV move optimally. The result of the method is to make each UUV maneuver in stages according to the planned maneuvering desired point, and finally create the desired formation safely and without collision.


Qingyazhai Nature Reservation belonging to the southern section of Mt.Taihang ranges,is located in the southwest of Hebei province,where the regional characteristic vegetation is deciduous broad-leaved forest,including 5 vegetation types and 24 formations,whose community structure and composition has the feature of warm temperate zone vegetation,and has representativeness to some extent in Mt.Taihang.Accouding to investigation about sample square,there are 162 species of wild plants,belonging to 46 families and 115 genera in the vegetation flora..Analysis on flora component,indicates that this region has obvious temporate zone character,and the distribution of species endemic to China,Eastern Asia and Temp.Asia plays a great role in vegetation compositions and commutity character formation,and on life form the vegetation in this region is composed of hemicryptophytes mainly,and relatively few phanerophytes.


brilliant history and tradition spanning over 126 years, Tokyo Institute of Technology continues to evolve as one of the world leading science and technology universities of the 21 st century. To be recognized as one of the world-class science and technology universities, Tokyo Tech fosters world-class graduates, develops new frontiers of world-class knowledge, and benefit society through transfer of knowledge by having: Tokyo Tech is committed to the following missions: 1. Producing world-class graduates 2. Creating world-class knowledge 3. Contributing to society through the utilization of knowledge Tokyo Tech seeks to maintain the highest standard in its every mission. Our group conducts comprehensive research on the development of mobile communication systems covering a wide range of cutting edge technologies in the fields of antenna and propagation, transmission systems, hardware development and signal processing. The synergy in the group creates an ideal environment for cross-disciplinary discussions and tapping of expertise resulting in various notable joint projects and developments. Our group has a weekly seminar to share the latest research outcomes among internal laboratories and to gain insight on our research activities by inviting guest speakers. Environment of the weekly seminar MCRG members An Open House is yearly organized to introduce our MCRG activities and build a network with external companies, institutes and organizations in the field of mobile communications. Distinguished speakers from both the academia and industry are invited to give key note speeches and lectures to contribute their views and visions for the future development of research in mobile communications. In the 2008 Open House, five invited lectures were held and we would like to take this opportunity to express our thanks and appreciation to Dr. Hitoshi He is currently the chair of IEICE Technical Committee on Software Radio, and the co-chair of Special Interest Group on Body Communications in European COST Action 2100 " Pervasive Mobile & Ambient Wireless Communications. " His current research interests are wireless propagation and channel modeling, cognitive radio, and application of wireless communication and information technology for regional/rural development. He is a member of IEEE, IEICE, ACES, ECTI Association Thailand, and JASID. respectively. He was with a startup company from 2005 and has experienced H/W and S/W development of various embedded system. He was also with YNU as a postdoctoral research fellow shortly in 2006. He joined Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech) as an assistant professor from July 2007. His research interests include …


A maximum entropy model in Chinese BaseNP recognition is used in this paper The open test on Chinese TreeBank, the public corpus, indicates the average recall and precision of 87 43% and 88 09% respectively with limited knowledge (text itself and its POS tag) Because of the incomparability of Chinese BaseNP recognition results, the same algorithm is applied in English BaseNP recognition The test on TREEBANK Ⅱ shows that the recall and precision are 93 31% and 93 04%, which are close to the state of the art This not only proves the availability of the algorithm, but also indicates its language independence


Writing Java documentation is difficult, because there are many redundancies and implicit links. Stonefly extends the RDF editor Hyena to bring more reuse and integration to Java documentation: It manages small-grained units of content in an RDF database and enables various ways of collating and interlinking these units. By mapping the source code structure to RDF, source code references in the documentation become very flexible and can even be returned by a query. Furthermore, Stonefly also plugs into the Eclipse IDE, to keep RDF and source code in sync and to offer several ways of navigating between the two.


A new design for a permanent magnet helicon thruster is presented. Its small plasma volume (~10 cm3) and low power requirements (<;100 W) make it ideal for propelling nanosatellites (<;10 kg). The magnetic field reached a maximum of 500 G in the throat of a converging-diverging nozzle and decreased to 0.5 G, the strength of earth's magnetic field, within 50 cm allowing the entire exhaust plume to develop in the vacuum chamber without being affected by the chamber walls. Low gas flow rates (~4 sccm) and high pumping speeds (~10,000 l/s) were used to more closely approximate the conditions of space. A parametric study of the thruster operational parameters was performed to determine its capabilities as both a thruster and as a plasma source for magnetic nozzle experiments. The plasma density, electron temperature, and plasma potential were measured in the plume to characterize the ion acceleration mechanism.


An evaluation of forest insect conditions on the National Bison Range
at Moiese, Montana, was made on August 28, 1972.


. In this paper, support vector regression (SVR) algorithm is used for compact patch antenna design. By etching three T-shaped slots on the ground plane of a rectangle patch antenna, the current distribution on the ground plane is changed and the resonant frequency is reduced. However, there is no reliable formula between the physical parameters of slots and the resonant frequency for antenna design. In this paper, the SVR algorithm is innova-tively used to establish the mapping relationship between four parameters and the resonant frequency. In order to reduce the data samples required to train the SVR model, these four parameters are divided into three groups. This grouping method ensures the reasonable distribution of data samples, and greatly reduces the training data samples and reduces the time to collect data by simulator soft-ware. The hyperparameters are optimized by using 10-fold cross validation. 108 antenna models (data samples) with different geometrical and electrical parameters are designed and simulated for the initial dataset. The SVR model is trained on the 75 data samples with the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of 0.9736 and is tested on the remainder 33 data samples. With the computation of the SVR model, the size of the proposed antenna decreases by 19.18% compared with that of the conventional rectangle patch antenna. The proposed structure is fabricated and measured. The results show that the proposed SVR model has good generalization on the real antenna model.


【In PECVD(Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) process, titanium nitride is thin and its adhesion is poor for the protective coatings. Therefore it has been studied that intermediate layer forms between substrate and TiN thin film. Using R.F. plasma nitriding, nitride layer was first formed, then TiN thin film coated by PECVD. The chemical composition of the coatings has been characterized using AES, EDS and their crystallographic structure by means of XRD. Mechanical properties such as microhardness and film adhesion have also been determined by vickers hardness test, scratch test and indentation test. As a result, there was no difference in chemical composition and structure between the TiN deposition only and the composite of TiN deposition on nitrided steel. It was found that nitrided substrate increased the hardness of TiN coatings and was beneficial in preventing the plastic deformation in the substrate. Therefore the effective load bearing capacity of the TiN coatings on nitrided steel was increased and their adhesion was improved as well. According to the results of this study, the processes that lead to the formation of composite layers characterized by good working properties, i.e., high microhardness, adhesion and resistance to deformation.】


Formation of soot and NO in counterflow ethylene/oxygen/nitrogen diffusion flames was numerically investigated. Detailed chemistry and complex thermal and transport properties were used. A simplified two-equation soot model was adopted. The results indicate that NO emission has negligible influence on soot formation. However, soot formation affects the emission of NO through the radiation induced thermal effect and the reaction induced chemical effect. When the oxygen index of the oxidant stream is lower, the relative influence of chemical reaction caused by soot on NO emission is more important, while the relative influence of the radiation induced thermal effect becomes more important for the flame with a higher oxygen index in the oxidant stream.


This brief presents a new method to estimate the interstage gain error and sub-DAC nonlinearity in pipelined ADCs, regardless of the number of bits per stage. The method is based on the effect of error on the ADC output histogram and estimates errors in the background. It means that no special input signal is required and no interruption occurs during the estimation process. The method imposes no limitation on input bandwidth nor on its distribution. The proposed method is robust against noise and memory error of comparators. The estimation process is very fast and its implementation is simple compared to other techniques.


This study was conducted to investigate and analyze the lifestyle of modern people and the awareness, knowledge, and use status of medicinal plants for pain relief according to body parts. The subjects of the study were 400 men and women in their 20s and 60s or less in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Data analysis was performed by calculating and analyzing descriptive statistics, factor analysis, and Cronbach's α using the SPSS statistical package 21.0 version, and cross-analysis and t-test were performed. As a result of the study, interest and preference for medicinal plants with pain relief effects were high, but awareness that medicinal plants are effective for pain was found to be insufficient. In addition, it was studied that products using medicinal plants did not have various purchase paths and lacked product diversity. Therefore, it can be said that it has a meaning as a study in a positive aspect that is contrary to the previous researchers on the perception of the use of medicinal plants. This study is expected to be used as basic data for the development of the beauty industry and the product industry using medicinal plants if products that help relieve pain are developed using medicinal plants.


The utility model relates to a whole body wind chamber and a wind adjusting and blowing device for a boiler. The whole body wind chamber is composed of two side plates of the boiler, a front sealed baffle plate, a back sealed baffle plate and a fire grate chain, and the wind adjusting and blowing device is composed of a wind adjusting plate, an installing shaft, a spacing shaft sleeve, a flange, a handle and a positioning disk. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that the angle and the opening sequence of the wind adjusting plate can be adjusted to complete wind adjustment and blowing, wind can be supplied with sections without partition, automatic dust removal is realized without the need of a dust removing pull rod system, the wind chamber has simple structure, and wind resistance is little. The utility model having energy saving, material saving, low cost, time saving and labor saving is an ideal whole body wind chamber and a wind adjusting and blowing device for a boiler.


The huge reserve of bauxite, large scale industries and good export potential have made the aluminum industry a promising enterprise in India. At the same time growing concern for environment and raw material conservation has intensified the research and development work on the safe disposal and bulk utilization of red mud, an alkali enriched solid waste generated in alumina manufacturing plants. However, in India, the problem has received scant attention especially from aluminum industries. The present paper outlines the physico-chemical characteristics and mineralogical phases of some Indian red muds. Attempts have been made to study the dissolution behavior of red muds, which of course, depends upon the chemical composition, for the recovery of metal values in mineral acids of different concentrations.


This study aims to determine the Supervision of the Village Consultative Body (BPD) in the Implementation of Infrastructure in Ilangata Village, Anggrek District, North Gorontalo Regency. This research consists of three focuses, namely Preliminary Supervision (Preliminary), Infrastructure Development Monitoring and Feedback Monitoring. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The results of the study concluded that the initial structural supervision had not gone well. The supervisory pattern of the BPD with the village head tends to be one-way. Supervision of Infrastructure Development is not yet complete. Oversight of BPD and TPK feedback did not run optimally, so the existing development was not completed. It is suggested that it is necessary to change the initial supervision with a two-way supervision pattern, improve relations with more friendly organizational partners, and coordinate the development of all activities and use good direction.


The image reading apparatus is disclosed. For the image reading apparatus, detects whether the discriminating marks set up in the scan the stack of the document scanning unit for generating scan images, and generate scan image exists, the document which the identification mark exists, the previous scan images of the for the first scan of the work after the processing, the document and the document that the identification mark exists in a control unit for processing in the second operation corresponding to the identifying indicia.


The most common type of regional anesthesia employed for cesarean section (CS) is spinal anesthesia, and one of the most frequent complications of this technique is maternal hypotension. Techniques to prevent hypotension during CS with spinal anesthesia have been studied for >50 years in search of the best strategy for achieving hemodynamic stability. The authors of this 2-part study proposed that differences in the definition of hypotension used in past studies (in which reported incidences ranged from 1.9% to 71%) might confound the reported success of various strategies. Part one of the study identified the range of definitions used in scientific papers to diagnose hypotension. In part two, the authors applied the various definitions to a prospective cohort of parturients undergoing CS with spinal anesthesia to evaluate the effect of different definitions on the incidence of hypotension. Using PubMed and Medline search engines, the medical literature from 1999 to 2009 was searched for reports on hypotension during spinal anesthesia alone or combined with epidural for CS. Animal studies, comments, case reports, and letters to the editor were excluded. Subjects for the prospective, part 2 study were parturients aged Z18 years, with singleton, term fetuses, having CS with spinal anesthesia. Women with emergent CS, preeclampsia, active labor, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases, or a history of hypertension were excluded. The CS protocol was similar in all subjects, and included the establishment of a baseline blood pressure (BP) 5 minutes after arrival in the operating room (OR), spinal puncture at L3/4 or L4/5 interspace, and use of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% (8mg) and 0.5mL sufentanil 5mg/mL (2.5mg). Treatment of low BP was at the discretion of the attending anesthesiologist. From the databases, 63 studies (7120 subjects) were selected, and 15 different definitions of hypotension were identified. The 2 most frequently used definitions were systolic BP (SBP) <80% of baseline (16 studies; 25.4%) and SBP <100mm Hg or SBP <80% baseline (13; 20.63%). Other definitions of hypotension included the following: (1) 2 definitions used in 5 studies each were SBP <90mm Hg or <70% baseline and SBP <100mm Hg or <70% of baseline; (2) 1 definition used in 4 studies each was SBP <90mm Hg or <80% of baseline; (3) definitions found in 3 studies were SBP <100mm Hg, <80mm Hg, and <95mm Hg or <70% of baseline; (4) definitions used in 2 studies each were SBP <75% of baseline; SBP <90 to 100mm Hg or <70% of baseline; (5) 1 study used SBP <90mm Hg; (6) definitions in 1 study each were: SBP <70% baseline; <95mm Hg or <80% of baseline; <100mm Hg or <75% of baseline; <90% of baseline; (7) no definition. Twelve definitions in 55 papers included a value relative to patient baseline and only 3 papers used a definition based exclusively on absolute BP values. The most frequently used baseline (46 of 53 studies) was BP measured when the patient arrived in the OR. In the prospective phase of the study, the various definitions were applied to 107 women, with dramatically different results. The incidence of hypotension varied by a factor of 10 when comparing SBP <80mm Hg (7.4%) and SBP <90% baseline (74.1%). Using the most common definition (<80% baseline) resulted in a 52.6% incidence; using the second most common (SBP <100mm Hg or <80%), it was 59.3%. The incidence when using SBP <70% baseline (1 study) was 26.7%; by increasing the threshold to <75% (1 study) it rose to 38.5%. The authors concluded that the large variation of definitions for hypotension, resulting in a dramatic difference in the incidence of hypotension when they were applied prospectively to women having CS under spinal anesthesia, makes it very difficult to compare studies. The "right" definition of hypotension remains undefined.


A 2-LEVEL GRANULAR NETWORK MODEL FOR BIOLOGICAL DATA MINING ANALYSIS Moshe A. Gadish Advisor: University of Guelph, 2014 David K. Chiu The discovery of relationships between variables in a biological system is pivotal in bioinformatics and systems biology. Biological network inference is complex and new integrative techniques still need to be explored. In this thesis, a 2-level granular approach is proposed to model, analyze, and compare biological networks. The system comprises two levels of granulation with a base data layer, representing the raw data that are transformed into a common discrete type and then analyzed at the first level of analysis for pairwise relationships, based on normalized statistically significant expected mutual information (NSEMI), and at the second level of analysis for convergent associations that identify highly associative nodes based on two different measures of convergent mutual information: cumulative connectivity and high connectivity. The proposed approach is tested by using benchmark data with known network structures from Yeast and E.coli. The level 1 analysis produces predictions with accuracies above 95%. The level 2 analysis, as expected, results in significant improvements in accuracy due to significant reductions in false positives. Next, the benchmark data is applied to test two additional network discovery methods: K2 and BDeu, used for Bayesian networks. Our approach outperforms both Bayesian methods. The level 2 analysis is integrated into two well cited and adopted information based algorithms: CLR and ARACNE. The results demonstrate similar improvements in false positives and accuracy. Finally, the approach is applied to the EnviropigTM 1 datasets, by using data collected from the muscle tissue for both transgenic and conventional samples. Analyses reveal visible differences between the sexes, as well as between the transgenic and conventional pig lines. Also, strong associations are evident among the minerals and the fatty acids, regardless of the sex and pig line. The detected association patterns are observed to be stronger among males and conventional pigs.


Abstract In separation sciences, "Solvent Extraction" is one of the most important unit operations, a very widely used process, next only to distillation. In the petroleum refining industry, solvent extraction is commonly widely applied to produce a number of specialty products such as BTX, lube base oils, waxes, etc. There are many solvents used in various separation processes, like sulfolane, phenol, furfural, ketones, and N-methyl pyrollidone (NMP). NMP in particular is an environmentally benign, new generation solvent, which can be tailored for specific separations by using it in conjunction with small doses of water. In recent years, researchers are re-looking at the separation processes and their modifications to exploit these for producing high-value industrial products from low-value refinery streams. The present study deals with the production of high-quality carbon black feedstocks (CBFS) from clarified oils. The study shows the beneficial effect of using NMP in combination with different dosages of water as extraction solvent to extract low-value clarified oil, a cracked material from the FCC unit of an operating Indian refinery. In the present study, water ranging from 0.3 wt% to 10 wt% was used with NMP to produce aromatic extract of BMCI (Bureau of Mines Correlation Index) up to 146 through liquid-liquid equilibrium and mass transfer studies on clarified oil (CLO). The effect of solvent-to-feed ratio at constant temperature on solvent extraction was also studied. The addition of water in NMP alters the "selectivity" of solvent, which can be exploited for producing aromatic extracts of a wide range of BMCI for different end-use applications. The major users of such high BMCI extracts are carbon black and electrode pitch manufacturers. Regression analysis was also done to develop correlations between water percentage in NMP and targeted BMCI of aromatic extract. Presently, CLO is blended with fuel oil and sold as a very low value product in refinery. Since the demand of CBFS is increasing continuously and current short-fall in India is met through imports from China, Korea, and Japan, it is desirable that such studies are undertaken and will lead to production of high-value CBFS from low-value refinery streams through separation processes.


Objective: This study was done to examine antioxidant and cytotoxic potential in the extracts of fruits and seeds from the traditionally used medicinal plant, Carica papaya. Methods: Antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of crude methanol, hexane fraction and ethyl acetate fraction from both fruits and seeds of Carica papaya were compared and assessed by DPPH free-radical scavenging assay and brine shrimp lethality assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods respectively. Bioactive fractions were then characterized and analyzed by silica thin layer chromatography. Results: Results showed that both ethyl acetate fractions from the fruits and seeds of Carica papaya are high in their antioxidant activities (IC 50 values of 30.61 µg/ml and 25.97 µg/ml respectively) as well as cytotoxic (LC 50 of 163.96 µg/ml and 142.27 µg/ml respectively). High antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate fractions obtained from fruits and seeds are strongly correlated to the total phenolic contents and moderately correlated to the total flavonoid contents. Conclusion: This study suggested that both ethyl acetate fractions from fruits and seeds of Carica papaya may have the potential to be further developed into therapeutic option for treating cancer, of which the ethyl acetate fraction from seeds raises a slightly higher prospect. Keywords: Carica Papaya, Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, Total phenolic and favonoid content, Ethyl acetate fraction.


Systolic architectures consisting of 1, N, and N(N + 1)/2 processors are presented for computing the inertia matrix. A VLSI-based Robotics Processor which is under development is the fundamental component of the architecture. Its major elements are a 32-bit floating-point multiplier, 32- bit floating-point adder, triple-port memory, and four I/O ports for external communication which are interconnected to facilitate implementation of robotics operations. The algorithm used is based on recursive computation of the inertial parameters of sets of composite rigid bodies and is programmed to exploit any inherent parallelism. Good results are obtained for the N-processor and N(N + 1)/2- processor configurations which give a compute time delay which is of O(N). In addition, I/O time and idle time due to processor synchronization as well as CPU utilization and on-chip memory size are fully included in the evaluation and indicate the feasibility and effectiveness of the design.


We considerer parabolic partial differential equations under the conditions on a region . We will see that we can write the equation in partial derivatives as an Fredholm integral equation of first kind and will solve this latter with the techniques of inverse moments problem. We will find an approximated solution and bounds for the error of the estimated solution using the techniques on moments problem. Also we consider the one- dimensional one-phase inverse Stefan problem.


The use of Alternanthera sessilis, which is commonly known as Mukunuwenna in Sri Lanka as a source of chlorophyll was examined. The extraction of chlorophyll was carried out using buffered 80 % (v/v) aqueous acetone. The optimum operating conditions such as solvent to A. sessilis ratio, extraction temperature and extraction time were found to be 5 mL/g, 50 °C and 45 minutes, respectively. The yield of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b under these optimum operating conditions were 659 and 261 μg/g of A. sessilis, respectively. Mechanical grinding of A. sessilis gave a higher yield as compared to blanching and drying. Refrigeration at 15 °C was found to be ideal for storing of fresh A. sessilis up to 3 days without a considerable loss of chlorophyll content. Chlorophyll extraction could be modelled successfully using basic mass transfer equations up to 30 °C. It failed above this temperature due to the degradation effect. Kinetic study on the degradation of chlorophyll extracted from A. sessilis confirmed first order reaction model and the effect of temperature on the rate constant was also adequately modelled by the Arrhenius equation.


Starting with the next issue (Volume 29, #1), the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine will be published in a digital only, open access format, thus beginning a new chapter in the Journal's history. Since its first issue in 1987, the Journal has enjoyed steady growth in numbers of submissions and published articles and the editorial board has expanded to meet these needs. Relative measures (such as impact factor) of the Journal's importance to the scientific community also have risen steadily. Most importantly, the Journal has served as an avenue for the distribution of scientific discoveries in veterinary internal medicine and a resource for our Diplomates and candidates. As the age of the hard copy Journal comes to a close, it seems appropriate to reminisce about the Journal's early days and recognize some of those who contributed to its development over the past 30 years. Dr Al Legendre's suggestion in 1984 to the Board of Regents (BOR) of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) that the College establish its own journal was met with skepticism. The idea had arisen in conversations at the ACVIM Forum between Al and Ed Breitschwerdt, another ACVIM BOR member at the time. Others on the BOR feared that such an endeavor would be financially disastrous for the organization. Al persisted, however, and Dr Art Lage arranged for Al to meet with editors of the New England Journal of Medicine in Boston for insight about how to establish a high-quality society journal. The first issue of the new Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine was published by the J.B. Lippincott Company of Philadelphia in January, 1987. As the inaugural editor-in-chief, Dr Legendre established an editorial board of well-recognized experts consisting of Drs Ed Breitschwerdt (small animal internal medicine), Sandy DeLahunta (neurology), Tommy Divers (large animal internal medicine), Mark Kittleson (cardiology) and Grant Knowlen (consulting statistical editor). The Journal initially was published quarterly, and the first issue featured 6 scientific articles. The original office for the Journal was Al's basement, and his wife Carol handled all of the communications with authors and associate editors. All correspondence and transmission of manuscripts, reviews and edited copy occurred on paper. In the first few years after its inception, the number of high quality submissions grew, requiring expansion of the Journal to its current bimonthly publication schedule with Volume 4 in 1990. In July 1993, Dr Guillermo Couto assumed the role of co-editor-in-chief with Dr Legendre and the following year became the sole editor-in-chief. Also in 1994, W.B. Saunders Company became the Journal's publisher. Dr Couto was the sole editor-in-chief until 1997, when Dr Steve DiBartola joined him as co-editor-in-chief. In July 1998, Dr Couto retired from the co-editor's position and Dr Ken Hinchcliff assumed the role of co-editor-in-chief. Also during this time, the ACVIM assumed responsibility for publication of the Journal in association with Allen Press as its printer. In 1997, the Journal published 58 articles and had an impact factor of 1.585. All manuscript processing still was carried out using hard copy, and the Journal was only available in paper format. At this time, the Journal had 7 associate editors, none of whom resided outside of the United States. In 2006, the Journal published 206 articles, had an impact factor of 1.683, and manuscripts were processed electronically, including transmittal of edited copy and galley proofs. At this time, the Journal had 12 associate editors (3 of whom resided in Europe), 2 consulting statistical editors, and 2 co-editors-in-chief in the United States. The Journal had become the official publication of the European College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, the European College of Veterinary Neurology, and the European College of Equine Internal Medicine, thus establishing itself as an international veterinary journal. In 2008 (its first year with Wiley), the Journal published 203 articles and had an impact factor of 1.885. The Journal continued to flourish during its years with Wiley, and all aspects of article submission and processing were handled using Scholar One's Manuscript Central system for online manuscript handling. Today, the Journal has 13 associate editors (5 of whom reside outside of the United States), 2 consulting statistical editors, and 2 co-editors-in-chief, one of whom resides in Australia. In 2013, the Journal published 221 articles and had an impact factor of 2.224. Its 5-year impact factor of 2.378 in 2013 placed it ninth among 129 veterinary journals ranked by the Institute for Scientific Information and second among veterinary journals in Scopus Journal Rankings. The Journal's international reputation also has continued to grow. In 2013, 203 of 394 submitted manuscripts (52%) came from 27 countries other than the United States. Overall, submissions have grown 58% in the past 10 years, from 249 submissions in 2004 to 394 submissions in 2013. At the 2013 Forum meeting in Seattle, the editors and the ACVIM BOR began discussing publishing options, including a digital open access publication format. Discussion continued at the board's midyear meeting in Denver in November 2013 and during a strategic planning meeting held in February 2014. At the conclusion of that meeting, the BOR approved a motion to transition to open access, pending a final review of the actual publishing and financial models. A request for proposals was sent to several publishers in April 2014. Five proposals were evaluated by the ACVIM BOR and the editors, and the decision was made to continue with Wiley under a digital only, open access publishing model. Editorial


TiNi particle dispersed Ti composite has been successfully produced by the spark plasma sintering method. The composite is initially subjected to a tensile prestrain below the reverse transformation temperature, and then, tensile loaded to failure above it after the unconstrained heating. The effects of the prestrain level, test and prestrain temperatures, and aspect ratio of the particle are evaluated by both the experiments and Eshelby equivalent inclusion method. Enhancement of the elevated temperature tensile properties due to the imposition of longitudinal compressive residual stress in the matrix is confirmed by the experiments and prediction. The predictions provide fairly good agreement with the experiments except that the strength and ductility are deteriorated in some conditions due to the damage evolution at brittle interfacial reaction layer. The most noticeable advantage of the shape memory alloy (SMA) dispersed composite is that even if the SMA phase is spherical, similar strengthening to the alighed fibrous composite can be achieved in contrast to the ceramic phase reinforced composites. The SMA particles exhibited spontaneous actuation during dynamic fracture of a notched specimen. This implies the feasibility of actuating such composites by local temperature elevation due to the plastic deformation of the matrix in the vicinity of a crack-tip, especially in the case of Titanium matrix composites which possesses low thermal conductivity.


Introduction: Since last two decades there has been growing trends towards a more operative treatment in patient over 7 years of age for long bone fractures (Tibia, Femur, Humerus) Method: Twenty patients (13 boys and 7 girls) aged between 7 to 14 of fractures of Tibia, Femur and Humerus treated with enders nail All patient underwent surgery in 7-8 days of injury Result: All patients followed average 2-4 weeks radiological union in 8-10 weeks and full weight bearing possible after 2-3 weeks Results: Excellent 75% Good 20% Poor 5% Conclusion: Enders nailing is effective form of treatment in long bone fractures (Diaphyseal) Tibia, Femur and Humerus in age between 7-14 years in Rural population.


Article about alternative interpretations of the concept of "competition" as the adaptive behavior of market participants. The author substantiates the thesis of the identity of market adaptation and market competition rather than rivalry.


The aim of this study was to determine the difference between the structural features and elemental compositions in the nest material of the two selected arboreal ants, Crematogaster rogenhoferi and Polyrhachis dives. The nest surfaces were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). During this study we found that Carbon content was 46.96% and Oxygen 49.40% in C. rogenhoferi, whereas in P. dives the Carbon content was 57.50% and Oxygen 46.25% respectively. Si, Ca, K, Cu, Br, Hg, Na, Mg and Fe were also detected which was in trace amounts in both the nest material of the selected arboreal ant. This elemental composition of these two selected arboreal ants shows a significant difference.


Intelligent hubs provide the advantages of cable management, configuration flexibility, device control and interconnectivity with a variety of LAN media and carrier-provided facilities and services.


BackgroundRecent events that have taken place in Florida, Missouri, New York, and Texas all have one common theme: an unnecessary killing due to racial profiling.The history of law enforcement in America is deeply embedded with a presence of racial profiling, often used to maintain the status quo through practices that were biased against persons of color. This harmful practice is one that has been a part of the US criminal justice system since its formation and stems from centuries of North American colonial justice systems. Racial profiling is a term used to describe adverse action by police or law enforcement personnel that is directed at a person because of their race. Although it may not always be the sole reason for targeting an individual, statistically, race plays a large role when law enforcement officers decide who to search and question.Racial profiling is indeed a problem that many have fought hard to end within the legislative and executive branches of government. However, the courts have historically taken a disappointing approach to racial profiling, oftentimes interpreting the law in a way that further encourages racial profiling rather than preventing it.The most prominent birth of racial profiling practices began with the enactment of the vagrancy laws during reconstruction and the Jim Crow era. These laws targeted Freedmen and restricted their freedom of movement. Vagrancy laws were a rebirth of the laws that restricted slaves' freedom of movement within the colonies. Under those laws, "no slaves were to leave their masters' premises at any time unless in company with whites or when wearing servants' livery or carrying written passes."1 Similarly, vagrancy laws were in place for decades after slavery was ruled unconstitutional and prevented a person from wandering, being idle, or strolling without an explicit purpose. The laws did not expressly target minorities, but because of racial profiling, they were strictly enforced against racial minorities. It was through these laws that a racially divided country was able to maintain power over certain ethnic groups, primarily African Americans, by forcing them into labor in attempts to prevent them from being a "vagrant." It was not until 1972 that the Supreme Court addressed the issues with vagrancy laws in Papachristou v. City of Jacksonville, striking down the local vagrancy ordinance that gave police the power to make unmerited arrests.2 Although the use of vagrancy laws decreased significantly after Papachristou, a new era of profiling began through the creation of the motor vehicle code and court-created exceptions to the Fourth Amendment's protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.The "war on drugs" further exacerbated a system designed to penalize those for "walking while Black." Though initially implemented in the Nixon era, the policy's lasting effects still permeate today. Although statistics show that Whites, Latina/os, Blacks, and Asian Americans use illicit drugs at almost equal rates, the war on drugs has been overwhelmingly implemented against minority communities throughout the country.3 For example, in Tulia, Texas, undercover narcotics officers were found to have framed African Americans for drug-related crimes.4 This framing, which later became a large racial discrimination drug bust case, ultimately led to the reforming of sentencing against drug crimes while revealing the prejudices that African Americans faced as related to the drug war.Before the September 11, 2001, attacks, racial profiling had become a practice that was generally condemned throughout the United States. Even conservative leaders such as President George W. Bush vowed to "end it," and a federal court viewed racial profiling as an "anathema to [the] criminal justice system."5 There were also many efforts made to eliminate racial profiling in law enforcement. The aftermath of September 11, however, added to an acceptable standard for racial profiling, primarily toward people of Muslim descent, but also exacerbated and helped justify existing policies that disproportionately impacted African Americans. …


Abstract Beyond the hippocampus, there are no evidence-based dose constraints for eloquent structures which subserve memory and attention/processing speed. We performed a multivariate normal tissue complication probability analysis of post-RT neurocognitive decline, examining dosimetric predictors of eloquent brain regions in a prospective longitudinal clinical trial. 78 patients with primary brain tumors receiving fractionated RT completed a comprehensive neurocognitive evaluation and high-resolution volumetric and diffusion MRI at baseline and 6 months post-RT. Image processing using validated automated segmentation parcellated individual white matter (WM) tracts, cortical regions, and hippocampi. Neurocognitive test performance was scored using reliable change indices adjusted for practice effects: negative scores indicate decline. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate model building were performed. On univariate analysis mean and max dose to multiple regions of the corpus callosum (CC) correlated with attention/processing speed decline including Dmax to anterior CC (p=0.011) and central CC (p=0.010), and Dmax/Dmean to mid-anterior CC (p=0.006 and 0.010). Dmean to left fornix was associated with memory decline (p=0.023), as were increasing age and chemotherapy. On multivariate analysis for attention, automated bootstrapped logistic regression showed the most frequently selected variable was Dmean to mid-anterior CC. Performance at nested cross-validation by AUC was 0.80 (0.75-0.84); LASSO model performance by AUC was 0.76 (0.72-0.81) with Dmean to the mid-anterior CC being the most frequent variable. The top five most important variables in Random Forest were Dmean to mid-anterior CC, all WM, combined CC and Dmax to CC and posterior CC. Model performance by AUC was 0.66 (0.60-0.71). We present the first, to our knowledge, multivariate NTCP model for decline in attention/processing speed, and dosimetric predictors of memory decline beyond the hippocampus. Dose to several eloquent ROIs significantly correlated with post-RT impairment. These data can guide future cognitive-sparing strategies for brain RT.


The paper presents part of the research called From family logic to school logic: paths and perspectives in children education . This study, as a qualitative approach of etnographic nature, started from the principle that a researcher must be inserted in the social field of the investigation. In this perspective, we tried to stablish the space for dialogue between schools and families, provoking an attentive "listening", as well as an opportunity to discuss the pluralism of logic and culture of families, and deepen the knowledge about its relations in the educational context. The research pointed out to the necessity of comprehend relationship strategies created by schools, detaching how the confrontation (THIN, 1998) between family and school logic enables the creation of relationship strategies that qualify a school as a place for childcare and education.


In response to global energy and environmental issues, development of efficient and robust earth-abundant electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction is particularly meaningful. In this study, a facile hydrothermal method is developed to synthesize porous CoS2 nanostructures by using sulfur powder and thiourea as sulfur sources on carbon cloths for highly efficient hydrogen evolution reactions. The huge load of CoS2 on carbon cloth,their unique porous nanostructures equiped CoS2 nanomaterials with excellent electrocatalytic properties. The remarkable HER catalytic performance was achieved with -67 mV at a current density -10 mA cm-2 and the Tafel slope 62 mV dec-1 in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The overpotential of HER only lost 2 mV after 1000 cycles with remarkable stability. I think this work opens up a low cost and scalable route to fabricate transition metal-based materials for application in electrocatalysis.


This article aims at a brief analysis of poems written by contemporary Brazilian women writers whose work has been denouncing gender violence, by presenting (lesbian) desire as a way to contradict the silencing and the invisibility which is common to all the writers that will be studied. Excerpts of poems by Angelica Freitas, Adelaide Ivanova and other authors will be analysed, through the lenses of gender theories, in order to explore the creation of an alternative safe space for these women outside the pattern of the normative poetic voice. Themes such as lesbian desire and violence against women will be addressed, since they are intimately related to sexual orientation and identity, taking into consideration the "double segregation" of the women whose sexual behaviour and identification is not normative (the lesbian woman, the transexual woman).


A model of a long optical communication line consisting of alternating segments with anomalous and normal dispersion, whose lengths are picked up randomly from a certain interval, is considered. As the first stage of the analysis, we calculate small changes of parameters of a quasi-Gaussian pulse passing a double-segment cell by means of the variational approximation (VA) and approximate the evolution of the pulse passing many cells by smoothed ODEs with random coefficients, which are solved numerically. Next, we perform systematic direct simulations of the model. Results are presented as dependences of the pulse's mean width, and standard deviation of the width from its mean value, on


Objective: In this study, it is aimed to investigate the musculoskeletal disorders of physiotherapists working in Diyarbakir and to determine the relationship between these problems and age, gender, working year, working hours, weekly working day and whether to exercise or not. Method: This study was carried out with the participation of 99 physiotherapists working in various regions in Diyarbakir. NORDIC survey was used in the study. Participants were questioned for the presence of pain in the last twelve months for each part, the presence of pain in the last seven days, and the effect of pain on daily life. The datawas obtained by distribution and collection of the survey. Results: Although 83.2% of theparticipants thought that their complaints such as pain, discomfort, and numbness were related to the work they were doing, 16.2% of them didn't associate their complaints with their work. Based on the proportion of physiotherapists with and without pain according to body regions in the last 12 months, back pain was found in the 65.7% of the participants with the highest percentage. 59.6% low back pain, 57.6% neck pain, 53.5% hand -wrist pain and 52.5% shoulder pain were found in the participants respectively. Conclusions: This study is a preliminary study for a larger participatory study in which the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders can also be determined. The study shows that physiotherapists form a risk group in terms of musculoskeletal disorders. It has been determined that musculoskeletal problems in physiotherapists are related to BMI, gender, and doing or not doing exercise.


The photosynthetic characteristics of Trifolium repens/Lolium perenne,Eragrostis perenans and Paspalum dilatum conducted by Li-6400 portable photosynthetic instrument showed that the net photosynthesis rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of the four herbaceous plants were double-peak curves with "midday rest" phenomenon.the "midday rest" phenomenon of Trifolium repens,Lolium perenne and Eragrostis perenans was mainly affected by non-stomata limiting factors while that of Paspalum dilatum was affected by stomata limiting factors.The "midday rest" phenomenon was due to the partial closure of stomata.The water use efficiency of Paspalum dilatum and Eragrostis perenans were significantly higher than that of Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne.Therefore,mixed sward of Trifolium repens/Lolium perenne production could be improved and its degradation could be reduced by irrigation,at the same time,Paspalum dilatum and Eragrostis perenans are the main alternative to grass in mixed sward of Trifolium repens/Lolium perenne in Karst mountainous area,where the soil moisture retention capacity was poor.


Colombia during the period between 2006 and 2013 had an economic and business dynamic characterized by the crisis of 2008 and the expansion of the economy due to the massive influx of capital. During the same period, the number of established companies was reduced while the number of companies in the industrial sector in liquidation processes was increasing. The present work seeks to find the reason why certain companies in this sector managed to cross this economic period. For this, the companies of the industrial sector that are listed on the Colombian Stock Exchange were taken and they were subjected to a study using bankruptcy prediction models, which use the financial ratios as a measure of the financial health of the companies. It is found that the models present inconclusive predictions and that the financial variables with the greatest influence on the sustainability of the companies are: earnings before interest and taxes / total assets, equity value in the market / total value book debt and Sales / Total Assets. It is concluded that companies must have these values within certain parameters to be able to become sustainable over time.


Invariant natural killer T‐cells (iNKT) are a glycolipid‐responsive subset of T‐lymphocytes that fulfill a pivotal role in the immune system. The archetypical synthetic glycolipid, α‐galactosylceramide (α‐GalCer), whose molecular framework is inspired by a group of amphiphilic natural products, remains the most studied antigen for iNKT‐cells. Nonetheless, the potential of α‐GalCer as an immunostimulating agent is compromised by the fact that this glycolipid elicits simultaneous secretion of Th1‐ and Th2‐cytokines. This has incited medicinal chemistry efforts to identify analogues that are able to perturb the Th1/Th2 balance. In this work, we present the synthesis of an extensive set of 4"‐O‐alkylated α‐GalCer analogues, which were evaluated in vivo for their cytokine induction. We have found that conversion of the 4"‐OH group to ether moieties decreases the immunogenic potential in mice relative to α‐GalCer. Yet, the benzyl‐modified glycolipids are able to produce a distinct pro‐inflammatory immune response. The crystal structures suggest an extra hydrophobic interaction between the benzyl moiety and the α2‐helix of CD1d.


Introduction Pancreatic islet transplant is a promising therapy for type I diabetes patients, with over 100 ongoing clinical trials. However, the lack of an appropriate quantitative technique for tracking the islets after transplant has hindered development. Pancreatic islets are difficult to label for imaging, in part because they are non-phagocytic, fragile and surrounded by a membranous capsule. Islets have recently been F-loaded using perfluorocarbon emulsions [1]. Here, we label primary murine pancreatic islets using a novel multimodal imaging probe that allows for quantitative F MRI and fluorescence imaging. Importantly, the label nanoparticles can be formulated for clinical use, and are not emulsion-based, consisting instead of a fluorocarbon core with a fluorescent dye encapsulated within a polymer coat [2]. F MRI allows for quantification directly from image data [3]. Methods Murine pancreatic islets were isolated and labeled overnight. Viability, insulin secretion and F loading were determined and optimized. Confocal microscopy was carried to localize the F nanoparticles within the islets. For in vivo validation of the method, islets were isolated, labeled and transplanted in the left and right (100 and 600 islet isografts respectively) hind limb muscle of recipient mice. In vivo MRI and optical imaging were performed at various time points, up to two weeks after transplantation. MRI was carried out in a 7T horizontal bore system with a H/F volume coil. Results and Discussion We found that labeling the islets required the use of a transfection agent to increase F loading. Toxicity was minimal when the ratio of transfection agent to the particles was optimized. We imaged islets after transplantation in the quadriceps, and were able to detect them using both MRI and fluorescence in vivo (A and B respectively). This mouse received 600 islets in one side and 100 in the other. This difference in signal intensity is clearly visible in the images. Analyses performed on excised tissue confirmed that the transplanted islets produced insulin. Finally, we also carried out confocal microscopy to show that the imaging label is contained within transplanted islets (C; an intact islet with cell nuclei in blue and label particles in red). The islets remain detectable for at least two weeks post-transplant (data not shown). Thus, we describe the use of a novel imaging agent to allow quantitative in vivo imaging of transplanted islets without significant effects on their functionality or viability. Furthermore, the label is applicable to a cell type that is known to be difficult to label for in vivo imaging. Finally, the use of a non-emulsion based agent allows for greater stability and reproducibility of the agent. Conclusion Here we present a protocol for optimal islet labeling with F/fluorescent nanoparticles. Cells are viable and functional after F loading and detectable in vivo. Finally, the nanoparticles are taken up within the islets and are retained for at least two weeks post-transplant. The use of nanoparticles allows for greater stability of the constructs, which is necessary for long-term imaging of transplanted cells. Acknowledgements This research was supported by investment grants NWO VENI 700.10.409, middelgroot 40-00506-9006021 and BIG (VISTA); ENCITE (HEALTH-F52008-201842); and Spinoza. References [1] Barnett BP, Ruiz-Cabello J, Hota P, Ouwerkerk R, Shamblott MJ, Lauzon C, Walczak P, Gilson WD, Chacko VP, Kraitchman DL, Arepally A, Bulte JW. Use of perfluorocarbon nanoparticles for noninvasive multimodal cell tracking of human pancreatic islets. Contrast Media Mol Imaging. 2011 Jul-Aug;6(4):251-9. [2] Srinivas M, Cruz LJ, Bonetto F, Heerschap A, Figdor CG, de Vries IJ. Customizable, multi-functional fluorocarbon nanoparticles for quantitative in vivo imaging using 19F MRI and optical imaging. Biomaterials. 2010 Sep;31(27):7070-7. [3] Srinivas M, Heerschap A, Ahrens ET, Figdor CG, de Vries IJ. (19)F MRI for quantitative in vivo cell tracking. Trends Biotechnol. 2010 Jul;28(7):363-70. Review.


I plastic surgery, the development of a reliable, valid, and responsive outcomes questionnaire is an important goal for directing clinical research. In contrast to the other specialties that use mortality as the main outcome tool, plastic surgery relies on assessing quality of life to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments. Although objective outcomes, such as breast volume measurement to assess symmetry, are useful in breast surgery, it may be more revealing to understand patients' selfassessments of how they feel regarding the effectiveness of their treatments. Researchers are often concerned that outcomes questionnaires suffer from certain biases, such as the desire for patients to respond positively. After all, patients have invested so much in their treatments that naturally they will be reluctant to convey negative impressions of the outcomes. However, if the outcomes tool is constructed carefully, with judicious crafting of the questions and attentive choice of words, outcomes questionnaires can engage the patients to reveal their objective, truthful views of the outcomes, without concern of acquiescent bias in which the respondents feel a need to answer in a certain way. Therefore, a good outcomes questionnaire will need to undergo an extensive number of pilot testings, and the psychometric properties will need to be meticulously evaluated by having perspectives from various representative samples of respondents. Because an outcomes questionnaire is the most practical tool to derive patient-centric data for outcomes research, this field of study will continue to drive the research agenda for plastic surgery, and the data it generates will influence how we treat patients. Despite the wide applicability of outcomes questionnaires, there are a few caveats that need to be considered when applying these questionnaires. There is a general interest among researchers to propose variations of an outcomes instrument. In the early, nascent development of an outcomes questionnaire, there will naturally be a few instruments that will be developed. Some of these instruments will not pass the scrutiny of peer reviews and field trials. Over time, some questionnaires will be abandoned. A few of them, however, will go on to dominate the field due to their qualities. An example of this phenomenon is in the field of hand surgery. Over 15 years ago, hand surgery ushered in the outcomes era for this specialty with the push to develop a universal tool for hand surgery. With an intensive effort supported by various organizations, several outcomes questionnaires were proposed. Over time, the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire, which was supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the Disability of the Arm Shoulder and Hand, which was supported by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, became the dominant outcomes tools in the United States and around the world. These questionnaires have been field tested for over a decade and have been shown to be good instruments for evaluating hand and upper limb outcomes. As expected, despite the applicability of these currently accepted tools, additional questionnaires are being proposed every year that are based on variations of the questions in these existing questionnaires. Should these new questionnaires be better than the currently accepted ones, these new tools should be adopted. Unfortunately, the laborious exercise to propose new hand-related questionnaires does not add much to the literature because they contain similar questions or have too narrow a focus; for example, for application to a particular occupation such as for the office worker. A few years ago, I was asked by a person in Florida whether it is permissible to alter a few questions in the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire and call this


BACKGROUND
 The US Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009, which was intended to stimulate the use of electronic health record (EHR) systems, has been amended to cover the behavioral health sector. Consequently, there is an increased need for research on the adoption of behavioral EHR systems by healthcare professionals. Various quantitative studies based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model and technology acceptance model have been conducted in the general medical sectors, but few studies have been conducted in the behavioral sector and they have all been interview-based qualitative studies.

 OBJECTIVE
 To evaluate the adoption and implementation of a behavioral EHR system for behavioral clinical professionals through a modified clinical adoption (CA) research model quantitative study.

 METHODS
 We modified the existing CA framework to be suitable for evaluating the adoption of the EHR system by behavioral clinical professionals. The existing CA framework did not present questionnaire items. Accordingly, we designed a questionnaire with items that fit into the dimensions of the CA framework and it was verified through the review of behavioral clinical professionals and a pre-survey. The full-scale survey was administered in 5 US behavioral hospitals. The data were analyzed using a structural equation analysis. Additionally, open-ended question responses were qualitatively analyzed.

 RESULTS
 We derived a total of 7 dimensions, excluding dimensions that were evaluated as inappropriate for behavioral clinical professionals to respond. In addition, for 2 dimensions, 2 sub-dimensions were classified. A total of 409 behavioral clinical experts from 5 hospitals were surveyed. The ease of use and organizational support significantly influenced the use of the behavioral EHR system. Although the results were not significant, information quality (path coefficient=1.19, P>.05) and service quality (path coefficient=.085, P>.05) tended to influence the ease of use of the system. And Ease of Use (path coefficient=.253, P<.05) and the Organization (path coefficient=.802, P<.05) influenced the use of the system. The qualitative results indicated that the greatest advantage of the adoption of the behavioral EHR system was the ability to search for information quickly, work efficiently, and access patient information even outside of the hospital through the mobile app, resulting in having more time with patients. Conversely, the greatest disadvantage was an overdependence on the EHR system. Many staff members voiced concerns that their work could be paralyzed when the system was unstable.

 CONCLUSIONS
 This study designed a model for evaluating behavioral EHR adoption and conducted a quantitative study to derive the factors associated with the successful introduction of an EHR system in a behavioral environment.

 CLINICALTRIAL
 The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH) (IRB No.: B-1904-534-301).


This study aims to design and develop a game-based English interactive learning environment using video-capture virtual reality technology. The system is designed for English teaching course in elementary school by physical body interaction. Two detection methods are used in the system, one is RGB color values detection, the other is gestures detection. There are six stages of learning activities are designed by integrating into English curriculum with specific tasks and learning objectives. In addition to operate the system by physical movement, students can also use various properties, such as pistol, x-ray searchlight, magnet, spray paint can, and conical cap. This is designed to improve the accuracy of detection, as well as to increase the fun during the learning process. The system also provides an interface for teachers to edit the teaching materials when they have different requirement for teaching. A preliminary study was conducted at an elementary school of 30 second grade class students. The data collected from the pre- and post- tests. The result shows that there are significant differences between the pre-test and the post-test (p=.031<;.05).


We have demonstrated the connectivity of the opossum's vestibular nuclei using degeneration, autoradiographic and horseradish peroxidase techniques and have found it to be generally comparable to that reported for the cat. Apart from the primary input described in Part I of our study, the cerebellum provides the major source of afferent connections to the vestibular complex. Axons from the cerebellar cortex distribute mainly to vestibular areas which receive no primary afferent projections, e.g., the dorsal part of the lateral vestibular nucleus, the dorsolateral margin of the inferior vestibular nucleus as well as cell groups comparable to "f" and "x" In contrast, fastigial fibers show considerable overlap with primary vestibular input, particularly in the ventral part of the lateral nucleus, the central part of the inferior nucleus and the medial nucleus. Axons of fastigial origin also distribute to the superior vestibular nucleus, to subnuclei "f" and "x" and to the parasolitary region. Although spinal fibers are diffuse within the main vestibular nuclei, they ramify quite densely within subnucleus "x". Most of th spinovestibular projection appears to arise in the cervical spinal cord of the opossum.


The Rod Control System is employed to adjust the position of the control rods in the reactor core which corresponds with the thermal power generated in the core as well as the electric power generated in the turbine. In a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) type nuclear power plants, the control-rod drive employs magnetic stepping-type mechanism. This type of mechanism consists of a pair of circular coils and latch-style jack with the armature. When the electric current is supplied to the coils sequentially, the control-rods, which are held on the drive shaft, can be driven upward or downward in increments. This sequential current control drive system is called the Control-Rod Drive Mechanism Control System (CRDMCS) or known also as the Rod Control System (RCS). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the RCS reliability of APWR using the Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) method since the analysis of reliability which considers the FTA for common CRDM can not be found in any public references. The FTA method is used to model the system reliability by developing the fault tree diagram of the system. The results show that the failure of the system is very dependent on the failure of most of the individual systems. However, the failure of the system does not affect the safety of the reactor, since the reactor trips immediately if the system fails. The evaluation results also indicate that the Distribution Panel is the most critical component in the system. Corresponding Author: Deswandri and Syaiful Bakhri, email: firstname.lastname@example.com Received: 29 July 2016 Accepted: 21 August 2016 Published: 21 September 2016 Publishing services provided by Knowledge E Deswandri and Syaiful Bakhri. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited. Selection and Peer-review under the responsibility of the ICoNETS Conference Committee.


Let us denote by Cr(K, ·), r ∈ {0,…, d ‐ 1}, the curvature measures of a convex body K in the Euclidean space ℝd with d ≥ 2. According to Lebesgue's decomposition theorem the curvature measure of order r of K, Cr(K, ·), can be written as the sum of an absolutely continuous measure, Car(K, ·), and a singular measure, Csr(K, ·), with respect to (d ‐ 1) ‐ dimensional Hausdorff measure. For example, if K is a polytope, then Car(K, ·) = 0 and if K is sufficiently smooth, then Csr(K, ·) = 0. For a general convex body K, a description of Car(K, ·) in terms of geometric quantities is known. In the present paper, we provide a corresponding explicit representation for the singular part Csr(K, .). Further, denote by Σr (K) the set of r‐singular boundary points of the convex body K· It is known that Σr(K) has σ‐finite, but possibly infinite, r ‐ dimensional Hausdorff measure. Provided that the singular part Csr(K, ·) of the curvature measure of order r vanishes, for a given convex body K, we prove that the r ‐ dimensional Hausdorff measure of Σr (K) also vanishes. Examples show that in a certain sense this result is sharp. Analogous results are established for surface area measures and singular normal vectors.


Purpose: The effective atomic number (Zeff) of a material is defined, conventionally, from the X‐Ray interactions with the material. The interaction of protons in a medium is fundamentally different from photons. Hence applicability of the photon‐based definition may not be justified in proton therapy. The purpose of this study is to define the Zeff of a medium for proton beam therapy. Methods: A robust definition of Zeff is proposed through the proton range shift AR(t) in water due to the presence of a layer of a material of thickness t. This definition assures experimental verification of Zeff. In this study, the proton range shift was calculated with the TRIM (the Transport of Ions in Matter) code for a set of compounds. The ICRU 46 elemental composition for human tissue, dental implant materials and some plastics commonly used in radiotherapy applications were used for Zeff calculation for proton energies from 5 MeV to 250 MeV. The Zeff for protons is compared to those from conventional definitions. Results: The weighted atomic densities Zeff for known material composition assures invariance of the Zeff with initial proton energy in the model. The Zeff for protons differs from those defined for photons substantially. The semi‐empirical model proposed for the calculations of Zeff, is based on the measurable values of the range shift in water in the presence of a material of unknown elemental composition. Zeff may be calculated from the equation Zeff(x) = a exp(−b x), where x = δR(t)/t. Conclusion: A robust definition of effective atomic number of a given medium for proton interaction is proposed based on the measurable value of range shift in water in the presence of the material layer.


ABSTRACT The η-μ/lognormal composite distribution corresponds to a physical realistic scenario where the multipath effect is characterised by well-known η-μ generalised model and shadowing effect is captured by the lognormal (LN) distribution. In this work, an approximate closed-form of η-μ/LN distribution is derived using Gauss-Hermite (GH) integration. Further, the derived probability density function is utilised to develop the closed-form expression as well as infinite series representation of the average probability of energy detection (PD) and average area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) along with their respective upper bound of the truncation error. Maximal ratio combining (MRC) microdiversity technique is applied over η-μ/LN composite fading model and then its average PD is derived. In order to reduce the total probability of error, the optimisation of the detection threshold parameter is done. The result clearly shows the significant improvement in the detection probability when the optimised threshold parameter is used. Further, an extensive analysis of the optimisation of the cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) over η-μ/LN distribution with 'v-out-of-U' rule at fusion center assuming erroneous feedback channels is also carried out. The closed-form expressions are validated by comparing them with exact results and Monte Carlo simulation.


Using ZnO nanonails, a hydrazine electrochemical sensor has been fabricated, for the first time, which showed a high and reproducible sensitivity of 8.56 microA cm(-2) microM(-1) with a response time less than 5 s, a linear range from 0.1 to 1.2 microM and a correlation coefficient of R = 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD), based on the S/N ratio, was estimated to be 0.2 microM.


Sap flow in a typical hilly Acacia mangium forest stand of the Southern China was measured continuously using the Granier's thermal dissipation probe method over a long period.Environmental factors(including air temperature,relative humidity,photosynthetically active radiation,soil moisture)were measured simultaneously.Sap flux density of sample trees representing the whole stand were selected for calculating the individual tree transpiration combining with morphological characters.Photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)was grouped into following six classes:100-200μmol·m-2·s-1,200-400μmol·m-2·s-1,400-600μmol·m-2·s-1,600-800μmol·m-2·s-1,800-1000μmol·m-2·s-1,≥1000μmol·m-2·s-1,and the relationship between whole-tree transpiration(E)and VPD in the wet season were analyzed for each RAR class.Potential transpiration in the dry season was then estimated based on the fitted regressions with VPD of the wet period.The results showed that the transpiration in the dry season was significantly lower than and was comprised only 10%-20% of that in the wet season.Concerning the reduction of transpiration at different diameter-classes,it was ranked as:dominant treesintermediate trees suppressed trees.Compared to those in the wet season,the sap flow of different trees was lower as a result of deficit of soil water content in the dry season.Soil water deficit limited transpiration to certain extent,and the growth of A.mangium forest was subjected to water stress during dry period.


In this paper, a new generalized current-mode configuration for the realization of first-order all-pass, second-order all-pass and notch filter is proposed. The presented configuration uses single multi-output dual-X second generation current conveyor and two impedances. The configuration uses two grounded resistors and one grounded capacitor for the realization of first-order all-pass filter, and two resistors and two grounded capacitors for realizing second-order all-pass/notch filter. Furthermore, a band pass filter can also be realized by making slight modifications to the notch filter. In addition, a current-mode quadrature oscillator as an application of the proposed circuit of all-pass filter is also given. All the proposed circuits enjoy the feature of low input and high output impedance. Low input and high output impedance of the proposed configuration enables cascadability to all the circuits without additional buffers. The theoretical results are validated with PSPICE simulations using TSMC 0.18µm CMOS process parameters.


The paper gives an account of a case study of Poplar grown by a farmer in December, 1983. Poplars have been successfully iocroporated in agroforestry plantations in U.P., Haryana and Punjab. Some of the clones successful are G-3, G-48, D-121, ST-67 etc. The spacing of 5×5m has given good results and closer than 4×4 m have not produced desired results. The results of case study shows that highest IRR is obtainable in the fourth year and the IRR goes down in the 7th year. A rotation of 4 years is viable for Poplar where there is local demand for small size. It is, however, expected that increasing use of Poplar wood for plywood will push up the price for large size trees and profitability will increase for rotations of 9 years or more.


ABSTRACT The holotype of the elasmosaurid Aphrosaurus furlongi from the Maastrichtian levels of the Moreno Formation is redescribed and considered a valid species based on one autapomorphy, a deep trough in the ventral surface of vertebral centra of the posterior cervicals, and the following combination of features: wide and short clavicle-interclavicle complex with concave anterior border and without posterior medial process or medial ventral keel, humerus with anterior depression, and posterior limb with accessory element on the posterior margin. The phylogenetic analysis recovered A. furlongi as an elasmosaurid within Weddellonectia. The phylogenetic analysis generated a new topology of Elasmosauridae. A new clade, Euelasmosaurida, is recovered, including all post-Cenomanian elasmosaurids other than Zarafasaura oceanis. Euelasmosaurida is composed of two main clades: Elasmosaurinae and Weddellonectia. The latter includes mostly Weddellian elasmosaurids, including Aristonectinae. Based on the new phylogenetic results, the evolution of key cranial and postcranial characters is discussed. Two key intervals of elasmosaurid evolutionary history are recognized: the Cenomanian, with the appearance of Euelasmosaurida, and the Santonian, with the differentiation of Weddellonectia and Elasmosaurinae.


Phoxim, which is one of veterinary drugs, is a well-known antiparasitic agent in wide use. In this paper, phoxim was extracted from cattle and pig tissue using solid-phase extraction (SPE) employing a silica cartridge with acetonitrile. Liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) for the analysis of phoxim from animal tissue was presented. Phoxim was detected on a column (, ) using a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. A linear correlation observed in the calibration curves for cattle (0.0048~2.0 mg/kg) and pig (0.0055~2.0 mg/kg) showed above =0.995. Accuracy measured at concentrations ranging from 0.0048 to 0.2 mg/kg was the range of 68.2~106.9%. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were the range of 0.0014~0.0017 mg/kg and 0.0048~0.0055 mg/kg, respectively. The precision (RSD%) was below 11.2%.


Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is common in connective tissue diseases (CTDs), particularly in systemic sclerosis. PH often heralds a poor prognosis. Unfortunately, there can be a significant delay between onset of this condition and establishment of diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in connective tissue diseases. In recent times, improved diagnostic tools have aided in early diagnosis and has been shown to improve survival. The treatment approach in PH associated with CTDs is essentially similar to pulmonary arterial hypertension. Notwithstanding, the PH therapy is less efficacious here than other forms of pulmonary hypertension. Although the survival has improved in modern treatment era, it still remains low. Lung transplantation is a viable option for patients not responding to medical therapy. Research is ongoing focusing on underlying mechanism of connective tissue disease associated pulmonary hypertension for better targeted therapy.


We investigated the geographic variation in mitochondrial DNA and vocalizations of two bird species, the brown-eared bulbul, Hypsipetes amaurotis, and the Japanese white-eye, Zosterops japonicus, among the islands of the Ryukyu Archipelago. The islands (except for the Daito Islands) contain five bulbul and two white-eye subspecies. DNA sequences of the bulbuls indicated a large variation among the islands, but the bulbuls on each island did not have specific songs, indicating that similar songs are sung by genetically diverged birds. The white-eyes displayed only minor genetic divergence among the islands. We found that the two white-eye subspecies had similar haplotypes, showing an inconsistency between taxonomy and genetic results. We also found that the white-eyes on the northern islands sang songs at lower pitch than those on the other islands despite there being no genetic divergence between them. This finding suggests that songs change more rapidly than genetic structure in a population. A difference in songs between populations is a potential force for reproductive isolation. Therefore, research on the geographic variation among birds in island areas requires comprehensive studies of morphology, genetics, and songs.


ABSTRACT The analysis of production and economic effects of irrigation on yields of sugar beet and sugar per hectare was carried out on the calcareous chernozem soil of favourable water-physical and chemical characteristics at Rimski San c evi during the period 2004-2006. The experiment was set as split-plot design in four repetitions using raindrop irrigation. During the experiment moisture soil treatments were kept from 60% to 65% and the field water capacity (FWC) of 75%-80% with a control variant being included. During a three-year period, irrigation had an influence on the sugar beet yield increased by 8.2 t/ha and on the sugar yield due to increased root growth by 0.9 t/ha. The irrigation effects varied among varieties from 5.7 t/ha (Sara) to 12.1 t/ha (Drena). Fertilization levels approximately influenced the yield increase of 8.6 t/ha and varied from 6.8 t/ha to 11.0 t/ha (r = 0.960). It was observed that the amount of annual precipitation and temperatures and their distribution significantly influenced the yield trends and varying in the observed rainy years. The gained profit per hectare under irrigation was 1,607 $/ha and it is approximately larger by 17.6% in comparison to the production in the control variant. Efficiency shows that 1.49 units of profit is gained under irrigation per one unit of invested capital, or more than 4.2% as compared to the production without irrigation. Measured from the point of relationship between profit and incomes, profitability was 32.8% during irrigation and it is larger by 6.8% than the production in the control variant. The productivity indicator shows that approximately 1.28 hours of total working time are spent for one produced tone of sugar beet under irrigation, i.e. 0.783 t of sugar beet is produced per working hour. Key words: economic effects, efficiency, fertilization, irrigation, profit, productivity, profitability, sugar beet, yield


The direct solution and the indirect solution for deformation analysis were discussed in this paper.To improve the precision of deformation parameter estimators,the improved indirect solution was presented.The weight of pseudomeasurements was re-determined based on the posterior variance-covariance matrix.In numeric experiments,the precision of the deformation parameters calculated by improved indirect solution was better than one by direct solution.


User feedback is widely deployed in recent multimedia research to refine retrieval performance. However, most of the existing online learning algorithms handle interactions of a single user, which may pose restrained performance due to the limited size of positive feedback. An alternative solution is to learn general user perceptions via collecting feedback from different users. The training process is initiated only when the number of feedbacks reaches a certain threshold. This could improve the performance but it becomes a manual process to decide the threshold and initiate the training process. To address this challenge, ire propose an advanced training method by adopting the association rule mining technique, which can effectively evaluate accumulated feedback and automatically invoke the training process. Training is performed per video rather than for all videos in the database, making the process more efficient and robust. In addition, it can further improve semantic modeling in the video database and continuously improve retrieval performance in the long run. As an example, the proposed method is applied to a mobile-based soccer video retrieval system and the experimental results are analyzed.


The Ministry of Health's report, issued as a White Paper, of a special investigation carried out by certain members of the medical staff of the Ministry into maternal mortality in selected areas in England and of a similar investigation throughout the whole of Wales by medical officers of the Welsh Board of Health is summarized in the Journal at page 972, and a leading article appears on page 977. The recommendations are given below, the most important of which are those designed to improve the standard of obstetrics.


The meglitinides offer an opportunity to target specifically the postprandial hyperglycemia that occurs commonly in patients with type 2 diabetes. Their rapid onset and short duration of action leads to more "physiological" release of insulin and partially restores the pattern of postprandial insulin secretion that is defective in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This potentially allows tighter glycemic control while reducing the risk of hypoglycemia. As prandial glucose regulators they allow flexible dosing such that a tablet need only be taken before a patient has a meal. Repaglinide in particular has been shown to reduce HbA1c and is well-tolerated by patients both as monotherapy and in combination with other agents. It appears to have some advantages from head-to-head studies with sulfonylureas. Nateglinide appears to produce a faster early-phase insulin response that gives it the potential to produce less hypoglycemia, but randomized controlled trials in comparison with sulfonylureas are lacking. Both agents are more expensive than sulfonylureas. Formal data regarding cost-effectiveness are not currently available. However, their flexible administration may be of benefit in certain subgroups such as shift-workers and those with flexible lifestyles. Efficacy in early diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance is currently being investigated. The ability to flexibly dose with these agents makes them useful in patients with flexible lifestyles. Macrovascular and microvascular outcome data for the meglitinides are awaited.

Keywords:

oral hypoglycemic agents;
postprandial hyperglycemia;
repaglinide;
nateglinide;
pharmocokinetics;
monotherapy;
sulfonylureas;
metformin;
glibenclamide


The problem of the identification of the electromagnetic source which produces an assigned radiation pattern is ill-posed: the solution is, in general, not unique and it does not depend continuously on the data. In this paper we treat in detail these two aspects of the problem. First of all we reconsider the radiation problem in the very general setting of the Sobolev spaces in order to make more acceptable, from a physical viewpoint, the conditions which have to be imposed on the electromagnetic sources. Then by the use of the Euclidean character of the Hilbert spaces we decompose the sources into a radiating and a non radiating component. We determine the subspace of the radiating sources and we find the basis spanning this subspace. Particular attention is then devoted to the case of the linear antenna. In this case the solution of the problem is unique but it does not depend continuously on the data. We may, however, implement the problem taking into account a bound on the ohmic losses. This is suffic...


A low-power regenerative FM-UWB receiver with wideband signal reception and linear FM-AM conversion is implemented in 65nm CMOS for short-range communication systems. Different from the conventional regenerative FM-UWB receiver having the narrowband LNA, the proposed receiver employs a wideband LNA and dual bandpass filters (BPFs) to improve FSK demodulation with a relaxed Q requirement of the BPF. A 3.5-4GHz FM-UWB receiver consisting of a stacked LNA, dual BPFs, two envelop detectors and a subtractor successfully performs FM demodulation through wireless transmission from a 100kb/s FM-UWB transmitter, consuming the total power of 3.8mW.


It is discussed the advantages of university library in the ideological and political education for college students in the paper. It is from the university library being the second classroom, the university library having the rich collection resources, the university library having the advanced information facility and the high quality librarian team four aspects to carry on the explanation. And it discussed the way of the university library to realize the ideological and political education of college students.


This article presents a theoretical systematization of concepts regarding psychotherapeutic difficulties, from different perspectives and levels of analysis. It proposes a theoretical structure that allows comparing, differentiating and synthesizing the multiple concepts and empirical findings regarding psychotherapeutic difficulties. Concepts were organized as input, process and output variables along the therapeutic process, finally discussing theoretical, clinical and methodological implications in the study of therapeutic difficulties.


Aim: Bleomycin (BLM), a potent anticancer agent widely used in the treatment of cancer is an antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces verticillus. BLM has been reported to cause pulmonary fibrosis that limits the chemotherapeutic efficiency. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the aqueous extract of pomegranate (Punica granatum) against BLM induced pulmotoxicity in rats. Methods: The experimental rats were divided to 5 groups. Aqueous extract of Punica granatum peel at 250 and 500 mg/kg, was administered to rats of group III and IV respectively. The rats were induced with BLM. Group I served as normal control and group II as BLM control. Vitamin C at 250 mg/kg b.wt was administered to group V rats. Results: Treatment with aqueous extract of Punica granatum peel (250 and 500 mg/kg, orally) proved to be protective against BLM induced pulmonary fibrosis by normalizing the levels of glycoproteins (hexose, hexosamine and sialic acid) and by improving the activity of antioxidant enzymessuperoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The extract also enhanced pulmonary glutathione (GSH) content and suppressed the levels of lipid peroxides in a dose dependent manner with 500 mg dose revealing more defending effect in line with the standard antioxidant, Vitamin C. Conclusion: The observed results indicate that the pomegranate extract at both the doses were effective in curbing the toxic insult of BLM. INTRODUCTION: Gastric and lung cancer are common diseases that pose a serious global threat to health. Chemotherapy agents such as bleomycin, mitomycin and methotrexate may cause pulmonary toxicity, while radiotherapy may lead to radiation pneumonitis 1, 2 . Bleomycin (BLM) is a glycopeptide that binds iron and oxygen in vivo to produce an active drug, effective in cancer treatment. BLM treatment is often limited by severe side effects. QUICK RESPONSE CODE DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.6(4).1465-72 Article can be accessed online on: www.ijpsr.com DOI link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.6(4).1465-72 Accumulation of the drug in the skin and lung have been detected after intravenous infusion and become major sites of BLM toxicity. Resistance to BLM in other tissues can be associated with the presence of a bleomycin hydrolase enzyme that is found in lower concentration in skin and lung that may explain the unique sensitivity of these tissues to BLM toxicity. It has been reported that the major constraint in BLM therapy is the potential for developing of pulmonary toxicity 3 . Lung injury seriously hampers full implementation of treatment, limiting the potential benefits of therapy. The early phase of lung injury is characterized by inflammation (alveolitis), while the late phase is characterized by the organization and deposition of collagen with remodeling (pulmonary fibrosis) 1, 2 .


Assuming the clean surplus relation, the Edwards-Bell-Ohlson residual income valuation (RIV) model expresses market value of equity as the sum of the book value of equity and the expected discounted future residual incomes. Without assuming clean surplus, Ohlson and JuettnerNauroth (2000) show that the forward earnings per share are critical for valuation. We compare the implied costs of capital from these two approaches to earnings-based valuation for seven developed countries. We hypothesize superior performance from the RIV model in countries where analysts' forecasts of dividends, earnings, and book values of equity conform well to clean surplus. First, we provide preliminary international evidence on the frequency and magnitude of clean surplus violations. Second, we document, consistent with our hypothesis, that the implied cost of capital is more reliable when derived from the RIV model when clean surplus adequately describes the firms' financial reporting. That is, the implied cost of capital derived from Ohlson and Juettner-Nauroth (2000) is relatively more reliable in countries where clean surplus deviations are common. Our analyses suggest that the proper choice of earnings-based valuation model may depend on analysts' interpretation of their financial reporting environment.


The present invention relates to a method for producing an adsorbent for removing only the gas-phase (hydrocarbon or hydrogen) adsorbents, especially during the gas oil industry reforming process for removing acid gas in the presence of acid in the by-product gas. The adsorbent produced according to the present invention is prepared in the state of low reactivity of the gas phase and optionally highly reactive with the acid gas-cost material has a number of advantages compared with the conventional acid gas removal adsorbent. The main features of the present invention include diatomaceous earth, bentonite or the like as an adsorbent material in order to improve the mechanical strength and reactivity with the acid gas. And central absorbent to increase the reactivity of the (core), it has a structure excellent in adsorption performance characteristics as seen in capsule form (the other configuration of the adsorbent material inside and outside this) to maintain the structural strength of the sorbent after the reaction.


It is important to study the radial structure of pulsar radio emission region; however, the altitude of emission region cannot be derived directly from obser- vation. Usually the altitude can be expressed as a function of frequency, r / . A method of K parameter analysis was applied to calculate the power law index directly from the observational data. The values of are obtained for 18 pulsars at two frequencies of 610 MHz and 1408 MHz. The mean value of the index is 0.27, which indicates that the emission altitude increases with decreasing frequency and that the radial structure is compact.