As one of the important theoretical support of Landscape Architecture and City Planning discipline education.Environmental Behavior mainly takes the interaction of external conditions and human behaviors as the research object.The main task of Environmental Behavior includes grasping the basic theory and principle relating to Environmental Behavior,learning and applying the survey method of Environmental Behavior,mastering human behavior regulation,aiming to guide landscape planning and outdoor space design.And it suggests taking progressive spatial scales as the core of the practice training in education design,mainly including space behavior research and analysis with micrographic,medium and microcosmic levels,emphasizing practice application of course knowledge,establishing a direct correlation between Environmental Behavior research production and city image and space design practice at the same time.


In this paper, a high-efficiency isolated bidirectional interleaved converter (IBIC) is proposed for high step-up and high step-down conversion systems. Two inductors are used in the low-voltage side to reduce the current ripple. The IBIC incorporates an ideal transformer to achieve energy transformation and galvanic isolation; the voltage-doubler circuit in the high-voltage side not only improves the voltage gain but also minimizes the voltage stress of power switches. Clamp capacitors achieve active clamping, and the energy stored in the leakage inductance is recycled. Moreover, some switches are operated with soft-switching and slightly reduced switching losses. The prototype circuit, with low-side voltage <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{L}$</tex-math></inline-formula> of 48 V, high-side voltage <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{H}$</tex-math></inline-formula> of 380 V, and rated power of 1.5 kW, is implemented to demonstrate the functionality of the proposed IBIC. The peak efficiency levels of the proposed converter in the high step-up and high step-down stages are 95.3 and 95.8%, respectively.


Internet is now a become a most effective option in disseminating information, because the Internet has a range of very large networks. One of the information received great places on the Internet include information relating to education, especially the Japanese language education. This information is conveyed through one of the storage media of information on the Internet Web site. Japanese language is the language of the world. In all areas, especially areas information technology, all using the Japanese language. Japanese language should be introduced at an early age, so that in future the children into the next generation of achievers. Scientific writing is trying to explain how the development of a Web site about Japanese language learning. Starting from design stage to design the Web site ready to be published on the Internet. All were created using Macromedia Dreamweaver MX software.


Said container and at least a method and apparatus for manufacturing blow-molded to a sterile area. Made of thermoplastic material, the preform (1) is first heated, and then the fluid under pressure loading. The sterilization medium is supplied to the preform (1) region. With respect to a molding said preform (1) of the interval in the blowing station (3) to perform space sterilized. The sterilized preformed blank from said location at least until the blow-molding station along the conveying path along a portion of a sterile transport path.


Bibalani, G. H., Golshani, A. A. and Najafian, K. A. 2006. The traction effect of lateral roots of Gavan (Astragalus raddei) on soil reinforcement in Northwest Iran (rangelands of the Shanjan area of Shabestar). Can. J. Soil Sci. 86: 493‐499. A traction effect by lateral roots is one way in which roots contribute to lateral in-plane reinforcement of a shallow soil mass. In contrast to the effect of vertically extending roots, whereby soil is reinforced by an increase in its shear strength, the traction effect reinforces the soil by enhancing the tensile strength of the rooted soil zone. To verify whether or not a traction effect exists in the root system of Gavan vegetation (Astragalus raddei) in the Shabestar, northwest Iran, and to investigate the magnitude of this effect, a direct in situ test was conducted at a site in the Shanjan Rangelands. The results from the site showed that, in the topmost soil (0‐30 cm), the lateral roots are able to provide a tractive force of up to 247‐312 N over a vertical cross-section area of 20‐50 cm 2 , or an increase in the pulling resistance of the rooted soil by 21.9‐39.3%. The test results imply that, together with the vertical Gavan roots, which anchor the shallow-rooted soil zone to the deep and more stable soil mass, the lateral roots of the Gavan, through their traction effect, are able to mitigate against shallow instability in the rangeland slopes, such as shallow slide and creep, to a certain degree.


We consider a mesoscopic model of phase transitions and investigate
the geometric properties of the interfaces of the associated minimal
solutions. We provide density estimates for level sets and, in the
periodic setting, we construct minimal interfaces at a universal
distance from any given hyperplane.


Background: Post-arrest hypotension is common after out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and many patients resuscitated after OHCA will require vasopressors. We sought to determine the associations between echocardiographic parameters and vasopressor requirements in OHCA patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed adult patients with OHCA treated with targeted temperature management between December 2005 and September 2016 who underwent a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). Categorical variables were compared using 2-tailed Fisher's exact and Pearson's correlation coefficients and variance (r2) values were used to assess relationships between continuous variables. Results: Among 217 included patients, the mean age was 62 ± 12 years, including 74% males. The arrest was witnessed in 90%, the initial rhythm was shockable in 88%, and 58% received bystander CPR. At the time of TTE, 41% of patients were receiving vasopressors; this group of patients was older, had greater severity of illness, higher inpatient mortality and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was modestly lower (36.8 ± 17.1% vs. 41.4 ± 16.4%, P = 0.04). Stroke volume, cardiac power output and left ventricular stroke work index correlated with number of vasopressors (Pearson r −0.24 to −0.34, all P < 0.002), but the correlation with LVEF was weak (Pearson r −0.13, P = 0.06). Conclusions: In patients after OHCA, left ventricular systolic dysfunction was associated with the need for vasopressors, and Doppler TTE hemodynamic parameters had higher correlation coefficients compared with vasopressor requirements than LVEF. This emphasizes the complex nature of shock after OHCA, including pathophysiologic processes not captured by TTE assessment alone.


DEAR SIR, In their article on behaviour therapy (Journal, July 1965, p. 561) Marks and Gelder conclude that "¿ in complex agoraphobias, behaviour therapy on the lines of graded practical re-training @asnot particularly useful―.The authors make no distinction between agoraphobia and the "¿ simple― phobias so far as underlying psychopathology is concerned; they state that together they form a "¿ fairly clearly defined


The central question in the molecular biology of differentiation is: why are new parts of the genome transcribed? Different hypotheses have been suggested for the control of the cytodifferentiation process. Many of these postulate a "time programme" others postulate a "programme of events", leading to the conversion of cells to new phenotypes. In the model discussed here the fatter postulate is favoured, suggesting that the differentiation process is guided by the continuous and sequential changes of the microenvironment of the cell. The knowledge of the regularity of these changes is integrated as "evolutive experience", as a more or less fixed programme into the genome. Specific structures in the cell membrane (receptors, receptor areas) are able to perceive and transduce the signal of the environment. The signal can be transformed and regulated in the cell on different levels. For this process—the information flux from the cell membrane to the genome—the term " membrane impression " is proposed in contrast to the information flux from the genome to the cell membrane " gene expression ". It is mentioned that the differentiation process corresponds to the alternative interaction between the cell membrane and the genome. This typical Ping Pong interaction results in cell lineage. It is postulated that membrane receptors for the next anticipated signals are coexpressed with a specific phenotype of the cell. The possibility of the existence of different receptors is discussed.


This paper proposes a novel collision avoidance scheme for MAVs. This scheme is based on the use of a recent technique which is based on the transformation of state constraints into timevarying control input saturations. Here, this technique is extended so as to ensure collision avoidance of a formation of up to three MAVs. Experimental results involving three A.R drones show the efficiency of the approach.


The MAX-CUT problem consists in partitioning the vertex set of a weighted graph into two subsets. The objective is to maximize the sum of weights of those edges that have their endpoints in two different parts of the partition. MAX-CUT is a well known NP-hard problem and it remains NP-hard even if restricted to the class of graphs with bounded maximum degree ∆ (for ∆ ≥ 3). In this paper we study exact algorithms for the MAX-CUT problem. Introducing a new technique, we present an algorithmic scheme that computes maximum cut in weighted graphs with bounded maximum degree. Our algorithm runs in time O∗(2(1−(2/∆))n). We also describe a MAX-CUT algorithm for general weighted graphs. Its time complexity is O∗(2mn/(m+n)). Both algorithms use polynomial space.


Powder diffraction is one of the most powerful structural probes available to the materials chemist. It invariably plays a critical role in the preparation of new phases and is increasingly exploited via in-situ studies to understand and control complex synthetic routes to fleetingly stable materials. Ab initio structure solution followed by Rietveld refinement frequently provides the first structural information on new functional materials, and powder diffraction is often the method of choice for probing structure-property relationships under non-ambient or in-operando conditions, or for following the structures of samples undergoing structural phase transitions. In this presentation I'll show how powder diffraction has been crucial in understanding the properties of so-called negative thermal expansion (NTE) materials - here inorganic oxides which contract on heating. Powder methods have provided key information on the thermodynamic stability of these materials, the low temperature synthetic routes required to prepare them, the average and local distortions that lead to NTE, and on the often complex phase transitions they undergo. I'll also discuss how powder diffraction can probe glass-like relaxation processes which occur over remarkably long timescales in some of these materials and how the synthetic control enabled by in-situ studies has led to the preparation of single-phase isotropic materials whose expansion properties can be systematically tuned from negative to zero to positive values (alpha -8 to +6 * 10-6 K-1) [1]. I'll emphasise how new techniques such as Parametric- [2] and Symmetry-Mode-Rietveld [3] refinement has been crucial in the study of these materials.


Two programmes regarding research funding are investigated with respect to their evaluation processes. One programme targets individuals and the other centers of excellence. The study attempts to disclose some of the features of the selection procedures and the aim is to contribute with further understanding of the mechanisms in such selection processes, which lead to disproportionate disapproval of female applicants. The use of intuitive or reasoning evaluation methods, together with quantitatively measureable or additive methods, is found to be critical for female applicants. When funding organizations try to advance their evaluation procedures and involve more of reasoning evaluation, there is a risk that other than established main stream projects fail, including applications by women. The paper ends by proposing a hypothesis which may serve as a starting point for further empirical studies.


In this paper, the mechanical properties and wear performance of Al5083-5 wt%B4C-Al2024 tri-modal composites at room temperature has been discussed. Al2024 alloy powders were added to mechanically milled Al5083-5 wt%B4C powders as coarse grains and the samples consolidated using the hot press and hot extrusion techniques. Results indicated that by adding Al2024 coarse grains, tensile strength of Al5083-5 wt%B4C composite decreased up to 35% from 508 MPa to 327 MPa however, ductility increased from 2.8 to 5%. Moreover, by adding 50 wt% of Al2024 coarse grains, hardness decreased from 355 to 288 HV which had a significant role on the room temperature wear performance of the tri-modal samples and wear rate increased from 3.5 × 10−6 to 4.7 × 10−6 (mm3 m−1). It seemed that room temperature wear performance of Al5083-5 wt%B4C-Al2024 composites is directly dependent to the hardness and the weight percentage of the Al2024 coarse grains.


The oldest representatives of the Tanypodinae (Macropelopiini, Pentaneurini and Anatopyniini), Libanopelopia cretacica gen. et sp. n., Cretapelopia salomea gen. et sp. n., Wadelius libanicus gen. et sp. n.; the oldest representative of the Orthocladiinae, Lebanorthocladius furcatus gen. et sp. n.; and the oldest representatives of the Prodiamesinae, Libanodiamesa deploegi gen. et sp. n. and Cretadiamesa arieli gen. et sp. n., are described from the Early Cretaceous Lebanese amber. The male of the podonomine Libanochlites neocomicus Brundin, previously known only from a female specimen, is described, supporting its allocation to this subfamily. The positions of the previously described Mesozoic taxa attributed to the Chironomidae are discussed. In particular, Gurvanomyia rohdendorfi Hong from the Early Cretaceous of China, and Manlayamyia dabeigouensis Zhang from the Late Jurassic of China are considered as Diptera incertae sedis. The most recent discoveries demonstrate the great antiquity of the recent chironomid subfamilies and tribes and the high morphological stability within this group since the Early Cretaceous.


Design characteristics of an ideal generic large chilled water system are presented. The concept discussed in this paper replaces finesse for muscle and simplicity for complexity. The system consists basically of two types of devices with moving parts in the fluid or hydraulic system. This article places major emphasis upon the control valve and its role in the successful design of these systems. A simple heat capacity equation is presented which expresses the capacity of the chilled water system at any given moment. Results are encouraging. Minimum power requirement and low cost make this an attractive system.


Abstract Water or fluid is the main component of human body, about 55-60% body weight of adult or 70% body lean mass. It is estimated that total intake of water daily for women were  lower than men.Variation of water total intake probably was caused by the difference in physical activity level (PAL) and body size. Increasing water consumption could support metabolism process of fat storage. This research was committed to study the difference of water consumption, nutritional status, physical activity level, and percentage of student body fat in Junior High School (SLTP) 69 Jakarta. Data were collected in February 2010 by purposive sampling technic. Total sampel were 60 student. Data comprise from sex, age, body weight, body height, PAL, water consumption, and percentage of body fat. Research result shows that average water consumption  for men and women were 2779ml (±850,83), 2123ml (±484,21) respectively; average percentage of body fat for men were 16,95 (±6,388) and women were 20,56 (±3,934). Statistical test shows a significant different between men and women water consumption (t=5.043); (p<0.05); a significant different between water consumption based on nutritional status, PAL, and percentage of body fat (p<0.05). women student should increase water consumption to prevent negative impact on following day. Keywords : water consumption, nutritional status, physical activity, body fat


This article proposes the concept "distributed literacy" in order to move beyond the still common preoccupation in educational history and sociology with literacy as a technical capacity and attribute of individuals. Invoking the concept involves an appeal to a conceptual move and an analytic strategy that are well established in other branches of enquiry. The article begins by introducing the concept and then provides a sketch of its application in the case of the British North American colony of Lower Canada (the southern part of the current Canadian Province of Quebec) in the first decades of the nineteenth century. Its empirical materials are found in the correspondence files of the main state information agency, the Civil Secretary's Office, with a focus on issues of schooling and local government in the 1820s and 1830s.


To help solve the inaccuracy of current protection system reliability assessment due to lack of basic data,this paper proceeds from the characteristic of protection system reliability analysis. The framework of the protection reliability data acquisition system is discussed,the sources and form of data collection is analyzed and the basic table format for data saving is designed to satisfy data collection and integration as well as the subsequent calculation and analysis. Finally,the 3F technology is introduced into protection reliability assessment and a discussion is made on the integrated application of failure mode effect analysis (FMEA),fault tree analysis (FTA) and failure reporting as well as the analysis and corrective active system (FRACAS).


Abstract In France, provisions of the TS-R-1 regulations elaborated by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) are implemented following a dual process of transposition at both the international and national levels. This process, which is complex in practice, justifies the active participation of France in the drafting of the IAEA recommendations, well before their transposition into domestic regulations. Moreover, at the national level France has adopted a mode of transposition favouring the rapid incorporation of changes in the IAEA 'Regulations'. Finally, this process is accompanied by actions to raise awareness, and improve communication, traming and inspections.


Abstrcat Using cotyledonary nodes of four soybean varieties as explants, the factors affecting overgrowing shoots of soybean cotyledonary node were investigated in this research.The results showed that the inducing rates of overgrowing shoots were significantly different among different plant genotypes, ages of aseptic seedlings and concentrations of 6-BA. The appropriate ages of aseptic seedlings induced by overgrowing shoots of cotyledonary node of different genotypes were as follows: Jilin 30 and Heinong 35 are (8 d); Jilin 35 and Hefeng 25 are 12~16 d. The appropriate concentration of 6-BA is 1.5 mg/L.


One of the key characteristics of an antibiotic drug is its mode of action: bacteriostatic or bactericidal. The effect of drug mode of action on the evolution of resistance has been surprisingly underinvestigated to date. We present a theoretical model comparing the efficacy of bacteriostatic and bactericidal drugs, and drugs of intermediate type, at preventing the evolutionary rescue of an initially susceptible bacterial population in a patient. Our results suggest that in resource-abundant environments bacteriostatic drugs are best, as they constrain cell divisions and thus cause fewer resistance mutations to occur. When multiple drugs are employed, using one bacteriostatic and one bactericidal drug is usually optimal, because the cell division rate cannot fall below zero, so there are diminishing returns to bacteriostatic activity from two drugs. We also provide a web-based simulation engine for other researchers to intuitively explore related dynamics without requiring programming expertise.


For complicated calculation caused by marker unwrapping in two main visual marker tracking platforms in Augmented Reality, ARToolKit and ARTag, a new kind of markers based on ARToolKit is designed and implemented, which are called diagonal connected components markers. Those markers can be recognized without unwrapping, which just rely on numbers of white connected components of two diagonals of those markers. Experiment results show that compared with ARToolKit markers, the speed of recognition of those new markers is greatly increased.


Joubert syndrome (JS) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by hypotonia, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, ocular abnormalities (e.g, pigmentary retinopathy, oculomotor apraxia and nystagmus), renal cysts and hepatic fibrosis. Respiratory abnormalities, as apnea and hyperpnea, may be present, as well as mental retardation. At least seven JS loci have been determined and five genes identified. Herein, we report five children, belonging to independent families, with JS: they shared the same typical MRI abnormality, known as molar tooth sign, but had an otherwise quite variable phenotype, regarding mostly their cognitive performance, visual abilities and extra-neurological compromise.


Remembering the Civil War: Reunion and the Limits of Reconciliation. By Caroline E. Janney. Littlefield History of the Civil War Era. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013. Pp. xii, 451. $35.00, ISBN 978-1-4696-0706-1.) When around forty Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) members joined the massive funeral march for Jefferson Davis in 1889, their actions seemed to confirm what has become a scholarly consensus about the postwar reconciliation between former United States and Confederate soldiers. Culminating in David W. Blight's landmark Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory (Cambridge, Mass., 2001), this scholarship captures the way northern veterans fell in line behind southern visions of a brothers' war and southern amnesia about emancipation. In Caroline E. Janney's sweeping and provocative reinterpretation, however, Davis's funeral and many other late-nineteenth-century stories illuminate the incomplete and contested path to reconciliation. Northern veterans denounced the Confederate flag as a '"treasonable emblem'" in 1884, and upon learning about the GAR participants in Davis's funeral, the national encampment removed the commander who had approved their participation (p. 183). Again and again, Janney uncovers the fractures in seemingly reconciliationist stories that actually reveal the deep divides in national memory. When Union and Confederate veterans settled in the newly created retirement town of Fitzgerald, Georgia, they walked past Blue and Gray Park and the Lee-Grant Hotel but quickly fell into fights over textbook histories. Efforts to stage reconciliationist events at Gettysburg, Richmond, and Chickamauga were undermined by conflicts about the war's meaning. Although Janney offers thorough and well-considered accounts of white southern and African American memory, her book distinguishes itself by its reinterpretation of the white North. Challenging Blight in a series of sharp but repetitious endnotes, Janney aims to overturn the dominant narrative of northern acquiescence to reconciliation. Against the view of a postwar "hibernation" in northern memory, she portrays an almost immediate, self-conscious, and confident rendering of the war through careful portrayals of associations, veterans' groups, commemorative occasions, and magazines (p. 104). Janney makes her case by separating reunion and reconciliation. Building on Gary W. Gallagher's recent book The Union War (Cambridge, Mass., 2011), Janney argues that U.S. veterans fought to save the nation and, therefore, celebrated reunion as evidence of its survival. But reconciliation proved another matter; many believers of reunion simultaneously begrudged efforts at commemorating the southern cause even into the early 1900s. Against Blight's portrayal of white northern racial amnesia, Janney performs another dissection. …


This paper presents a case of applied statistical methods for the optimization of quality control process in the pharmaceutical industry. The project, developed for Zambon pharmaceutical group. This paper refers to Total Quality Management, analyzing the production process to identify critical areas and acting proactively to optimize both qualitative and productive capacity, is linked to performance improvement in a high spectrum antibiotic production line. Given sensitive nature of pharmaceutical products to the principles of sterility and safety, the quality control of production process is one of the main aim of the firm. Quality and production dimensions are so strongly related that a low quality level (below the regulation fixed bounds) can reduce the acceptability rate of production lot, affecting corporate performance and reputation. Firstly, hypothesis of process normality behavior are tested to verify subsistence of adequate conditions for Six Sigma methodology application, as well as errors forecasting in the distribution parameters estimation. Secondly we use the three and six sigma variability compared to Zambon previous static bounds to assess process reliability. Then, we applied the transition from total control (100% of vial weights) to statistical one (10% sampling). We have fewer weighted vials but a higher production, a more accurate control (vials are longer time on balance) and so a better population estimate. Finally we implement online control tool regarding the cumulative Cpk (process capacity), the average shift from expected weight and standard deviation trends. It allows to set production machine in real time, to control and revise process deviation and to maintain high quality standards. In conclusion, we show a careful use of quality control statistical methods consents to achieve huge results in terms of increased productivity, reduced waste, reduced downtime and greater ability to control real time process distribution.


The issue of underrepresentation of women and minority groups in academic fields hit the headlines repeatedly during 2018. Sexual harassment was repeatedly found to be a factor contributing to this underrepresentation, and this garnered significant media attention in parallel with the #MeToo movement. Many women recounted stories of choosing to leave science in order to avoid their harasser (see, for example, Chem. Eng. News 2017, vol. 95 (37), pp. 28-37 and
https://go.nature.com/2HaoVhp). The RACI has a strong Code of Ethics (www.raci.org.au/document/item/90) that prohibits sexual harassment by its members. Separate to the issue of harassment, bias is also known to affect women's careers (and those of racial minorities) in science. Numerous publications have appeared in the past year providing evidence of this; for example, showing the effects on publication and grant success when names are removed (a useful summary can be found in Grogan K.E. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2019, vol. 3, pp. 3-6, doi: 10.1038/s41559-018-0747-4). Recognition of underrepresentation has led to a growing focus on introducing programs and initiatives to improve the diversity of representation within science, including chemistry, across the globe (Matlin S.A. et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019, vol. 58, pp. 2912-2913; Mehta G. et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, vol. 57, pp. 14 690-698). To this end, like many professional chemistry organisations, RACI is striving to become a model of good systemic practice by working to improve and modernise its policies and procedures. In order to improve understanding and awareness within the community about issues related to equity, diversity and inclusion, it is important to provide a robust evidence base. For this reason, the collection and dissemination of quantitative data that reveal the magnitude of ongoing problems and the progress that has been made is critical. In addition, transparency and disclosure provide a measure of accountability. We are publishing some 2018 RACI data in this article to inform our society about the current status and provide a baseline for future observations. Although the RACI has not yet collected data with respect to race or ethnicity, we have recorded data that provides a snapshot of gender diversity within the context of the RACI, the national awards and conference attendees and speakers. This should be read in the context of the RACI Inclusion and Diversity Strategy available at
www.raci.org.au/theraci/advocacy/the-raci-inclusion-and-diversity-policy.


The salinity preferences of the amphipods studied were found to correlate with distribution. Marinogammarus marinus, a marine species, showed a strong preference for higher salinity levels, the estuarine Gammarus duebeni showed little avoidance of any particular sea water concentration, and the freshwater Gammarus pulex displayed strong preference for dilute media Tolerance experiments showed that the preference behaviour of M. marinus was not caused by lethal effects of salinity. Observations on M. marinus suggested that the behaviour involved components of both preference and avoidance. In M. marinus the choice is made on the basis of total osmolarity of the medium, not on its organic or ionic content alone. Ablation of the upper and/or lower antennae had no effect on salinity choice in M. marinus, and acclimation to 50% sea water did not alter the preference for full sea water. It is suggested that behavioural responses which confine animals to areas well within their physiological salinity limits promote survival in aquatic environments which may undergo fluctuations in salt concentration.


The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc), (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is a pest of Solanaceous crops (Solanales) including potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Feeding by high populations of nymphs causes psyllid yellows while adults and nymphs are vectors of the plant pathogen, "Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum" (Lso). Foliar symptoms that were consistent with either Lso-infection or psyllid yellows were observed in 2019 on tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.; Solanaceae) grown within an experimental plot located near Saltillo, Mexico. This study had three primary objectives: 1) determine whether the foliar symptoms observed on tomatillo were associated with Lso infection, 2) identify the haplotypes of Lso and potato psyllids present in the symptomatic plot, and 3) use gut content analysis to infer the plant sources of Lso-infected psyllids. Results confirmed that 71% of symptomatic plants and 71% of psyllids collected from the plants were infected with Lso. The detection of Lso in plants and psyllids, and the lack of nymphal populations associated with psyllid yellows strongly suggests that the observed foliar symptoms were caused by Lso infection. All infected plants and insects harbored the more virulent Lso haplotype B, but one psyllid was also co-infected with haplotype A. The potato psyllids were predominantly of the central haplotype, but one psyllid was identified as the western haplotype. Molecular gut content analysis of psyllids confirmed the movement of psyllids between non-crop habitats and tomatillo and indicated that Lso infection of psyllids was associated with increased plant diversity in their diet.


Some effective methods are clarified to improve the fuel oil atomizing,and corresponding experiment results can be seen.These methods will contribute to the combustion efficiency of oil gun and its design in power plant.


These individuals (and the secretariat in general) would serve an organizing, coordinating, and catalytic, role through writing, speaking, broadcasting, and where feasible travelling in order to undertake on-the-spot organizing and educating. An interesting idea might be to have a member of the secretariat on each continent, who would communicate frequently with the others but meet them less frequently, to attempt to make the Campaign as urgently world-wide as possible on a limited budget. The members of the Secretariat should be dedicated to the idea of the Campaign, as well as bright, infectiously enthusiastic, and relatively young. One can expect some ambition in such people, which in the right spirit can be all-to-the good. That ambition will be tempered by dedication and experience, and if necessary by supervision by and regular contact with the scholars who conceived the Campaign. The environmental movement as it is commonly thought of is little more than two decades old; yet some aver that it is slowing down and losing its momentum. Perhaps it is time to innovate a little—the World Campaign for The Biosphere is an innovation. Let its implementation not be a reversion to conservative methods of old. Biswas & Biswas (1982) believe there is a need for 'specialized generalists'—now might be a good time to find a few potential generalists, and the Campaign a good basis from which to start training them.


Annulus pressure is an important parameter for both circulative-foam and controlled pressure drilling. But it is hard to be obtained. Therefore, a set of computational models, which are used to calculate annulus pressure through derived dynamic density, annular flow pressure loss and hydrostatic fluid column pressure, is established. A comparative analysis between calculated and measured results shows that a calculation error of bottomhole pressure is less than 1.5 % ; the calculated value is basically consistent with the measured one. It is also shown that this calculation method has some applicability for circulative-foam drilling. Another comparative analysis is also conducted between the annulus pressure of circulative-foam drilling and that of conventional drilling-fluid drilling. The result shows that at well depth of 3000m, the annulus pressure of circulative-foam drilling is lower than that of conventional drilling-fluid drilling by 2-3 MPa, which indicates that circulative-foam drilling can decrease bottomhole pressure to reduce formation damage.


We report measurements of direct electron pair production in p‐Be interactions at 1.0, 2.1 and 4.9 GeV kinetic beam energies. The invariant mass and pt spectra along with the total cross sections are presented. A rapid decrease in the total cross section is observed at the lowest energy.


ABSTRACT In an examination of Wajdi Mouawad's play, Incendies (2003) and the 2010 film version of the play directed and scripted by Denis Villeneuve, this article explores the quest narrative as it underpins these texts, with particular reference to exile, trauma and reparation. The suggestive trope of "home" as this intersects with identity, and the threat to identity posed by war and suffering, as well as the palimpsestic construction and reconstruction of memory, and its ability (and inability) to palliate the traumatised "housing" of the body (in particular the maternal body of Nawal Marwan, the character who originates the theatrical and filmic chronotopes) is also investigated in relation to the reworking of the Oedipus myth that informs both play and film. Through the theoretical lens of Derridean and Lacanian poststructuralism and the imbrication of gender and trauma studies, the article interrogates the complex staging of traumatic re- enactment as manifested in the interstitial spaces between the theatrical and filmic texts.


BACKGROUND
Nowadays, malaria is still one of the most important and lethal diseases worldwide, causing 445,000 deaths in a year. Due to the actual treatment resistance, there is an emergency to find new drugs.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this work was to find potential inhibitors of phosphoglycerate mutase 1 from P. falciparum.

RESULTS
Through virtual screening of a chemical library of 15,123 small molecules, analyzed by two programs, four potential inhibitors of phosphoglycerate mutase 1 from P. falciparum were found: ZINC64219552, ZINC39095354, ZINC04593310, and ZINC04343691; their binding energies in SP mode were -7.3, -7.41, -7.4, and -7.18 kcal/mol respectively. Molecular dynamic analysis revealed that these molecules interact with residues important for enzyme catalysis and molecule ZINC04343691 provoked the highest structural changes. Physiochemical and toxicological profiles evaluation of these inhibitors with ADME-Tox method suggested that they can be considered as potential drugs. Furthermore, analysis of human PGAM-B suggested that these molecules could be selective for the parasitic enzyme.

CONCLUSION
The compounds reported here are the first selective potential inhibitors of phosphoglycerate mutase 1 from P. falciparum, and can serve as a starting point in the search of a new chemotherapy against malaria.


The new paradigm of the sociology of religion must include at
least two powerful sources. The first source lies outside
sociology and consists of intercultural study of religions,
social and cultural antropology including the cultural studies.
Sociology and social philosophy are the second source.
Globalization is a common topic of these approches. The concept
globalization is another expression of an idea of reflexive or
second modernity.


The parameter space of CNT forest synthesis is vast and multidimensional, making experimental and/or numerical exploration of the synthesis prohibitive. We propose a more practical approach to explore the synthesis-process relationships of CNT forests using machine learning (ML) algorithms to infer the underlying complex physical processes. Currently, no such ML model linking CNT forest morphology to synthesis parameters has been demonstrated. In the current work, we use a physics-based numerical model to generate CNT forest morphology images with known synthesis parameters to train such a ML algorithm. The CNT forest synthesis variables of CNT diameter and CNT number densities are varied to generate a total of 12 distinct CNT forest classes. Images of the resultant CNT forests at different time steps during the growth and self-assembly process are then used as the training dataset. Based on the CNT forest structural morphology, multiple single and combined histogram-based texture descriptors are used as features to build a random forest (RF) classifier to predict class labels based on correlation of CNT forest physical attributes with the growth parameters. The machine learning model achieved an accuracy of up to 83.5% on predicting the synthesis conditions of CNT number density and diameter. These results are the first step towards rapidly characterizing CNT forest attributes using machine learning. Identifying the relevant process-structure interactions for the CNT forests using physics-based simulations and machine learning could rapidly advance the design, development, and adoption of CNT forest applications with varied morphologies and properties.


Broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.) is a common root parasite of solanaceous, leguminous and other crops grown in the semi-arid regions of the world. The seeds germinate when root exudates from host plants are released in their immediate vicinity (Lindley, 1853; Koch, 1887; Chabrolin, 1934). Brown et al. (1951a) reported that non-host plants, such as flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) may stimulate Orobanche seed germination without being parasitized.

The stimulating properties of flax exudate were studied by Brown et al. (1951b). They reported that the stimulant was unstable in alkaline solutions, but moderately stable in weakly acidic media, which may indicate the presence of an acidic (lactone) grouping. Nash & Wilhelm (1960) reported that gibberellic acid in agar media stimulated O. ramosa seed germination. Abu- Shakra, Miah & Saghir (1970) found that pre-treatment of 0. ramosa seeds with 100 ppm of gibberellic acid followed by incubation on a flax-root diffusate agar medium gave a high (81·7%) germination.

The purpose of this study was to collect root exudates from three species of plants cultured under three experimental systems, namely (a) germ-free, (b) glasshouse (non-sterile), and (c) growth chamber (hydroponic, initially aseptic), and to evaluate their biological activity as germination stimulants for O. ramosa seeds. The plants used were tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) and flax. Exudate from marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) also was collected from germ-free culture.


The world has changed dramatically in the past ten years due to many political, technical, and cultural imperatives. One of the key areas both affected by these changes as well as the center of the transformations is the ability to transport people and cargo quickly, efficiently, and safely anywhere in the world. Modern jet transports represent one of the largest and most complex design problems known to modern society. The systems engineering discipline offers ways to manage size and complexity and assure resulting excellence in engineering. This paper along with companion papers examine the subject of how the most recent of these airplanes, the Boeing 777, is developed and outlines the advances that were made to the systems development process. Systems engineering concepts get tested to their limits on commercial transports. Because business issues including cost and cycle time must be met on commercial projects, this paper proposes that commercial systems engineering, especially on large jet transports, provides valuable insights and lessons learned about systems engineering as an entire discipline for many types of commercial and defence applications.


Abstract Efficient engine operation is combined with effective lubrication in the ring/cylinder interface. On the one hand, there should be enough lubricant on the surfaces and, on the other hand, the lubricant contribution to combustion and, thus, to hydrocarbons and particulate emissions should be minimized. These requirements present a challenge to formulate new additives that would enable the lubricant to operate in the demanding circumstances inside the internal combustion engine and at the same time contribute to an environmentally friendly operation. This study is focused on parametric friction force measurements, their appearance close to the dead centres of the stroke, and how load, speed, and temperature affect the friction maxima. An approach is also attempted to the role of high-temperature, high-shear viscosity for a group of CASTROL lubricants. Piston rings with different curvatures were also tested, and friction power losses for each testing case are presented.


Early in 1994, chief accountant of the Securities and Exchange Commission Walter Schuetze criticized independent auditors for not measuring up to their profession's high standards for integrity, objectivity and independence. His criticisms were similar to those also aimed at corporate directors--failure to act as guardians of the corporation and its stockholders and being passive supporters of management. In the view of Schuetze, auditors were at times being "cheerleaders," not just passive supporters. This article covers the response of the profession to those charges and its recommendations for improving financial reporting. The Public Oversight Board (POB) of the SEC practice section (SECPS) of the American Institute of CPAs appointed a three-member advisory panel on auditor independence, charging it to determine whether "the SECPS, the accounting profession or the SEC should take steps to better assure the independence of auditors and the integrity and objectivity of their judgments." The advisory panel in its report, Strengthening the Professionalism of the Independent Auditor, suggested ways to enhance the value of the audit and better serve the auditing profession's principal client: the investing public. The POB had identified a similar need in its 1993 special report, In the Public Interest, commenting, "In too many cases [of alleged audit failure], the preference of client management...prevailed over the preference of the auditing or consulting partner." A NEW FOCUS IS NECESSARY The panel said the time was now for the profession to expand existing "best practices," by shifting its focus from a compliance and rule-oriented audit to one recognizing the board of directors as its client and by becoming part of what is called a "corporate governance" approach to improved financial reporting. The major topic in the report was "strengthening the relationship between the board of directors and the independent auditor." The panel's central suggestion was that corporate boards and audit committees should expect independent auditors to forthrightly communicate in a timely fashion their views on the quality--not just the acceptability--of a company's financial reporting. That quality assessment should encompass judgments about the appropriateness, aggressiveness or conservatism of estimates and elective accounting principles or methods and judgments about the clarity of disclosures. The intended result is an informed audit committee and board that will understand the quality of a company's financial reporting and thus be better equipped to fulfill their corporate governance responsibilities. THE RESPONSES OF THE POB AND THE SECPS The POB recently published a booklet, Directors, Management, and Auditors--Allies in Protecting Shareholder Interests, that urges the adoption of, and describes ways for audit committees to implement, the panel's major suggestions affecting the corporate community. The POB sent it to some 34,000 directors, chief executives and chief financial officers of companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange and other publicly held companies with revenues greater than $250 million. It also was sent to every member firm of the SECPS, in many cases in sufficient quantity to distribute to all audit partners and professional staff, as well as to the CEOs, CFOs and directors of publicly held companies not included in the POB distribution. The SECPS executive committee endorsed the panel's view by saying that the SECPS believed it was in both the public interest and the interest of the accounting profession for auditors to discuss with directors the auditor's judgments about the quality of a client's financial reporting. PERSONAL JUDGMENT, NOT PROFESSIONAL RULES The advisory panel, the POB and the SECPS executive committee agreed that establishing standards and authoritative definitions for commonly used terms, such as "appropriate" and "aggressive" would place emphasis on the form rather than the content of the communication and would overlook the key driver: personal judgment. …


A single CdS nanobelt with numerous stacking faults can not only show a giant response to compressive and tensile strains with excellent sensitivity, responsivity, and response and recovery speed, but also an erasable nonvolatile stress sensing and memory effect.


DUODENAL ulcers occurring in the neonatal period are infrequent. The majority of those recognized have bled seriously or perforated when first diagnosed. 1-3 Recovery of a newborn infant with massive hemorrhage from a duodenal ulcer is rare. Operative intervention has usually been delayed and successful outcome has been reported previously in only three neonatal patients. 4-6 It should be emphasized that the most common cause of massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the neonatal period is peptic ulceration, if hemorrhagic disease of the newborn is excluded. The patient in this report presented with exsanguinating hemorrhage, which began two hours after birth and which did not subside until operatively controlled. Suture ligation of the duodenal ulcer and Finney pyloroplasty on the second day of life successfully prevented further bleeding. Report of a Case No. 042078. An 8 lb 7 oz (3.6 kg) infant boy was admitted to the University of Michigan Medical Center


The present invention relates to a suspension device with a piston and with a housing into which the piston is insertable along a direction of movement, wherein a cavity is formed between the piston and the housing in which a compressible solid spring element is arranged which consists of a through the piston compressible solids is.


Polystyrene (PS) latex dispersions were prepared by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) latex dispersions were prepared using the same procedure except by adding INUTEC SP1 as emulsifier. The two latex dispersions were characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) to obtain the average particle size and the polydispersity index. The stability of these latex dispersions was measured by determination of the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) of three electrolytes, namely, NaCl, CaCl 2 , and Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 . The CCC was 0.375 mol.dm - 3 for NaCI, 0.007 mol.dm - 3 for CaCl 2 , and 0.0004 mol.dm - 3 for Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 . A polymeric surfactant, namely, a graft copolymer of polyfructose on which alkyl groups were grafted to the backbone, were added to latex dispersions and their stability was investigated. On addition of this polymeric surfactant, the stability of the latex dispersions was significantly increased and the CCC became very high above a critical polymer concentration. For the PS latex, the CCC of CaCl 2 was higher than 4.3 mol.dm - 3 when the polymeric surfactant concentration was 0.25 wt %. The results could be rationalized in terms of the enhanced steric repulsion resulting from the adsorption of the graft copolymer. It was assumed that the molecule produces large "loops" of polyfructose between the adsorbed alkyl groups, forming a hydrated layer thickness of approximately 4 nm. In addition, these polyfructose chains were still hydrated even in the presence of high electrolyte concentrations.


The extension of Lame's formulas for the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on an equilateral triangle to the Robin problem with a radiation/absorbing boundary condition is reviewed. The eigenfunctions are shown to form a complete orthogonal system. Various properties of the spectrum and modal functions are explored.


Due to the rotate speed of motorized spindle is very high, loading experiment of it is hard to carry out. The inter-drag method on loading to the motorized spindle is put forward. The structure and loading principle of the system on the basis of the inter-drag loading method are described in detail. The system can not only loads to the motorized spindle, but also measures the basic parameter of the motorized spindle and draw the corresponding characteristic curve. So states of the motorized spindle at different working points are obvious. The inter-drag loading system is applied to do experiment on the motorized spindle which rotate speed is 15 000 r/min. Through dealing with and analyzing the test data, the correctness and feasibility of the loading system is verified, which provides a new way to study the dynamic performance of the motorized spindle.


Due to the high failure rate of the M&A strategy, this study raises the question of whether the performances of the acquirer and the target in the pre-M&A period, could predict an M&A?s success. The study presents a mediation model with the aim to examine the impact of the pre-M&A performances on integration success, synergy success and profitability success. The model includes four pre-performances variables: the revenue and profitability of the acquirer and the target. The model also includes employment change as a mediating variable. The study uses a sample of 394 public companies. The study highlights the novelty of this research. The results show that the revenue of the target and the employment ratio have a dominant impact on integration success with relation to the other variables. The revenue of the acquirer has a dominant impact on synergy success, while the revenue and the profitability of the acquirer and the revenue ratio have a dominant impact on the profitability success. The study also indicates that the employment change during the M&A process has a mixed impact on the M&A?s success. An increase in employment leads to integration success and synergy success, but it leads to a negative effect on the profitability success. The study emphasizes the delicate balancing that is needed in implementation of M&A strategy to keep both, the synergy success and the profitability success, particularly with regard to employment change during the M&A process.


Antibiotic resistance is one of the most important worldwide problems in clinical practice. The prevalence varies from place to place. The risk factors vary as the method of study and the bacteria being studied; however, common, risk factors include longterm use of board-spectrum antibiotics, under/sub-therapeutic dosage of the antibiotic, prolonged stay in hospital or long-term care facilities, host underlying disease, catheter indwelling and contamination by health-care personnel. Mechanisms of resistance can be categorized as drug inactivation/modification (the most common mechanism), alteration in target site, bypass pathways and decreased uptake. Infection control and optimization of antibiotic usage are the best ways for prevention and control of antibiotic resistance.


of the Hyde Park aide-memoirs. As Bohr was co-author of the classic analysis of the fission process and had been smuggled out of Norway in the bomb-bay of a Mosquito, it might have been expected that he would somehow "come into the business". He, no doubt, talked in a very involved fashion, trying to be as accurate as possible at the expense of clarity, but it should have been possible to confirm that he was not in fact "very near the edge of mortal crimes". The fate of the aide-memoire itself was very curious. Apart from the mention of Bohr and the use of the bomb against Japan, it contained some basic views on the collaboration between America and Britain in the military and commercial development of atomic energy after the war. However, the agreement was not known even to the Secretary of State for War when Roosevelt died nearly seven months after it had been signed, and the Americans had to ask the British Government to tell them what it contained. U.S. senators were, not unnaturally, very surprised when they heard about it from Lilienthal in December 1946. Mrs Gowing analyses all the disagreements which arose between the two countries and one is left with the impression that they resulted not from malice but from the relatively scant attention that statesmen could pay even to such an important project during a war. For the often exasperated scientists it represented their sole concern for several years. General Groves, who directed the whole American bomb project, emerges as representing the highest level at which the objectives were still clear enough for a consistent policy to be pursued. According to Mrs Gowing, he was ready to accept help from anyone (even from an employee of I.C.I.) provided that this would lead to the quicker production of a bomb. Even if the lessons of her book are taken to heart, it is not obvious that in the future two nations could pool very unequal resources without strains and misunderstandings arising. From this and many other points of view we eagerly await Mrs Gowing's further history of Britain's post-war atomic energy programme. How smoothly have things gone when only our own national interests have had to be considered? At the end of the book there are several appendixes, of which the most interesting are the Frisch-Peierls memorandum and the reports of the Maud Committee, and finally the index. The Indexer has recently criticised the poor indexing of many books, suggesting that they have just been compiled to fill up a few blank pages. H. L. Mencken made it a rule that every review of a book that should have an index should comment on it. Not having failed to find the reference to any point sought, the present inexpert indexer must assume that Mrs Gowing has carried out this part of her task with the thoroughness shown throughout the rest of the book.


Dough for "empanadas", a traditional meal in Argentina, are sold refrigerated with the addition of preservatives. The replacement of a small percentage of flour by whey protein concentrate (WPC) improves the color and acceptability of the "empanadas", but can decrease the shelf-life due to the microorganisms incorporated with the WPC. In this work the effect of the addition of two selected concentrations of potassium sorbate (0.067 - 0.134%) to dough for "empanadas" prepared with and without WPC on yeast growth (predominant microorganisms in this product) during refrigeration storage was investigated. Gompertz equation and kinetic parameters as specific growth rate (μ), lag phase duration (LPD), maximum population density (MPD) and activation energies from an Arrhenius-type expression, were estimated. The addition of potassium sorbate increased the storage-life of the dough for "empanadas", prepared with and without WPC, three-four times. The effect of potassium sorbate was more important at the higher concentration assayed. Results allow to predict the growth of yeast in different samples of dough stored between 0 and 10C.


This paper describes the convergence of MELCOR Accident Consequence Code System, Version 2 (MACCS2) probabilistic results of offsite consequences for the uncertainty analysis of the State-of-the-Art Reactor Consequence Analyses (SOARCA) unmitigated long-term station blackout scenario at the Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station. The consequence metrics evaluated are individual latent-cancer fatality (LCF) risk and individual early fatality risk. Consequence results are presented as conditional risk (i.e., assuming the accident occurs, risk per event) to individuals of the public as a result of the accident. In order to verify convergence for this uncertainty analysis, as recommended by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards, a 'high' source term from the original population of Monte Carlo runs has been selected to be used for: (1) a study of the distribution of consequence results stemming solely from epistemic uncertainty in the MACCS2 parameters (i.e., separating the effect from the source term uncertainty), and (2) a comparison between Simple Random Sampling (SRS) and Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) in order to validate the original results obtained with LHS. Three replicates (each using a different random seed) of size 1,000 each using LHS and another set of three replicates of size 1,000 using SRS aremore » analyzed. The results show that the LCF risk results are well converged with either LHS or SRS sampling. The early fatality risk results are less well converged at radial distances beyond 2 miles, and this is expected due to the sparse data (predominance of "zero" results).« less


The general equations of motion and constitutive equations, based on the theory of Lord–Shulman with one relaxation time, are derived for a general homogeneous anisotropic medium with a microstructure, taking into account the effects of heat and diffusion. A variational principle for the governing equations is obtained. Then we show that the variational principle can be used to obtain a uniqueness theorem under suitable conditions. A reciprocity theorem for these equations is given. The obtained results are valid for some special cases which can be deduced from our generalized model.


Isolation, identification, and antioxidant activity of flavonoid compounds from ethyl acetate extract leaves tempuyung ( Sonchus arvensis L.) has been done. The results of identification using UV-Vis spectrophotometer with the solvent methanol produced 2 maximum light absorption at a wavelength of 253,0 nm (bands II) and 437,5 nm (bands I). The addition of shear reagent sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium acetate (NaOAc), boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ), aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and analyzed using FT-IR spectrophotometer indicating group (-OH stretching) reinforced with the -OH bending, = C-H aromatic stretching, -C-H stretching asymmetry and symmetry are amplified in the presence of –C-H bend, C=O, C=C aromatic, C-O ether (bridge O), benzene substituted ortho, meta and para, allegedly the compound is 6,7,4'-trihidroksiauron. In the antioxidant assay IC 50 obtained in the ethyl acetate extract and flavonoids consecutive isolates at 473,28 ppm and 421,03 ppm, with quercetin as a comparison of 64,06 ppm.


We describe a case of a young male who presented with acute onset progressively worsening shortness of breath for four days duration. He used to smoke cigarettes, and his profession required prolonged periods of standing. He underwent a two-dimensional echocardiogram showing right ventricular (RV) strain and computed tomography (CT) showing thrombus in the left major pulmonary artery. His pulmonary embolism severity index (PESI) score was high, predicting higher short-term mortality. Treatment options including risks and benefits were discussed with the patient, and he underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) with rapid resolution of symptoms, oxygen saturation, and pulmonary artery pressures (PAP). He was discharged home safely after successful treatment of his condition.


Éric Macé's latest book begins with the observation that though European countries support the principle of sexual equality, and though women's and men's statuses and practices have come to resemble each other more closely in several areas, gender inequalities and discriminations persist. To explain this "inegalitarian egalitarianism" the author puts forward a historical analysis of gendered social relations in Europe and elsewhere. It is not his aim to demonstrate continuity but rather to study the different modes of gender production over time. The historical perspective is a means of highlighting the specificity of contemporary gender relations, which Macé describes as post-patriarchal. In the first chapter, he presents his main conceptual tool, a term borrowed from Erving Goffman: "arrangement between the sexes", or in the author's version, "gender arrangement". He defines it as "the way each type of society culturally relates the question of sexual difference to those of sexuality and masculine and feminine identity, and how it fits this together with the social organization of work, the family, politics, etc.". This notion enables him to point up the historical, contingent nature of gender: there is nothing necessary, or necessarily permanent, about sexual inequality. The book therefore stands opposed to interpretations of gender relations that associate contemporary inequalities with those found in traditional societies. In direct contrast to Pierre Bourdieu's Masculine Domination, cited as a counter-example for its claim that gender relations in modern Europe are anthropologically continuous with gender relations in traditional Kabyle society, L'Après patriarcat insists on the historicity of social relations (in the broadest sense of that term) between the sexes. Specifically, the book draws attention to the major historical break in continuity represented by the arrival of Western modernity in the late fifteenth century. This event divided the world into a "before" and "after". Before, there was traditional patriarchy; after, there was modern and modernized patriarchy; last came the post-patriarchal period – the present time of Western societies. He defines patriarchy as "the move to establish a necessary and legitimate asymmetry between men and women". In its traditional form, this asymmetry was based on cosmological or theological principles. While this constituted a particular gender arrangement (occurring as it did in history), it was also universal in that it characterized all traditional societies. That model was radically changed by Western modernity, which brought about the shift from one world to another. Traditional patriarchy was not abandoned at that time but rather reconfigured, "modernized": the asymmetry of feminine and masculine was no longer legitimated by religion but by science, which naturalized sexual difference and inequality. However, modernity also introduced conflict, for at the same moment as all men were declared free and equal, feminism emerged as a demand for sexual equality. Gradually, convergence between different developments worked to erode the legal, scientific and economic foundations of women's subordination, with the Book reviews


Intercellular communication mediated by extracellular vesicles (EV) is emerging as a mechanism that is important to neuronal homeostasis and integrity. However, there is little information available on the importance of EV signalling in response to proteotoxic stress in Huntington's disease (HD). Using network methods to integrate HD gene expression datasets across model species, we developed a computational model of the transition from the early (cell differentiation) to intermediate (dysfunctional striatum) and late (advanced neurodegeneration) phases of HD. This model indicates that genes associated to extracellular vesicular exosomes are impacted across biological phases, raising the possibility that EV signalling may be altered in cells expressing mutant huntingtin. To test for this, we analysed EVs in mouse striatal cells derived from the HdhQ111 knock-in mice. In studies of EVs, it is important to discriminate different subtypes of EVs based for example on size and intracellular origin as this may determine function. In these experiments, we used protocols and EV markers that allow for the differential analysis of EV subtypes to be performed, testing for changes in protein content and level of secretion. The results suggest that specific EV populations may be altered in cells expressing mutant huntingtin.


2021. Abstract: As teachers, we know the close relationship between Cartography and Geography, which in the condition of science, make it possible to clarify the contradictions in the socio-spatial dynamics. Thus, technological resources are important as possible enhancers of cartographic communication. The purpose of this article is to bring up aspects that make it possible to discuss how applications, specifically Google Earth and Google Maps, can be used in education, in order to foster a methodology for working on the contents of Geography. For this, we present the writing in three parts. In the first, we approach Geographic science in relation to the map; in the second, the relationship between cartographic science and the teaching of Geography, based on Callai (2005) and Francischett (2002, 2007, 2011) and, lastly, we discussed the technological resources mentioned in the context of School Cartography. The use of interactive digital maps, propitiate the development of basic notions, important for learning such as: in observation, orientation and spatial location, which together with the pedagogical work with contents, related to geographic and cartographic scales, to the system of coordinates and socio-spatial mobility provide geographic knowledge.


Purpose – The paper aims to describe and apply a commercially oriented method of forecast performance measurement (cost of forecast error – CFE) and to compare the results with commonly adopted statistical measures of forecast accuracy in an enterprise resource planning (ERP) environment.Design/methodology/approach – The study adopts a quantitative methodology to evaluate the nine forecasting models (two moving average and seven exponential smoothing) of SAP®'s ERP system. Event management adjustment and fitted smoothing parameters are also assessed. SAP® is the largest European software enterprise and the third largest in the world, with headquarters in Walldorf, Germany.Findings – The findings of the study support the adoption of CFE as a more relevant commercial decision‐making measure than commonly applied statistical forecast measures.Practical implications – The findings of the study provide forecast model selection guidance to SAP®'s 12+ million worldwide users. However, the CFE metric can be adopt...


Point counts of 28 deep-sea sand samples indicate lithic-rich compositions occur in the West Philippine Basin (avg. Q5F17L78), Shikoku Basin (avg. Q14F15L71, and QuFπLé?), and Yamato Basin (avg. QUF15L74), but quartz and feldspar-rich compositions occur in the Japan Basin (avg. Q32F42L26). By using ratios and ternary plots of detrital components, it is possible to separate the point-counted sands into suites derived from predominantly volcanic, sedimentary, and crystalline source terrains. The predictions of provenance made from the sedimentary residue are in reasonable agreement with major rock types exposed in the source areas of the sands. An idealized scheme for the distribution of sand across a marginal basin complex indicates an increase in lithic fragments, volcanic rock fragments, and the ratio of plagioclase to total feldspar towards the frontal arc; and an increase in quartz, feldspar, and the ratio of metamorphic rock fragments over total rock fragments towards the continent. The data presented in this paper generally support this model.


Abstract The reservoir modeling and simulation of Energy XXI's Gulf of Mexico Main Pass 61 Pod B Oil Field integrated seismic elastic properties and discontinuity analysis to improve reservoir definition, lithology distribution and to identify compartments and fluid flow pathways. The results provided key basis for improving the estimation of recoverable oil, field management decisions involving water injection and work-over completions, and the identification of un-swept potential for new drilling opportunities. Conventional reservoir modeling and simulation field studies often underutilize information contained in the seismic data. Wells sample the earth with high vertical resolution at a single location, but seismic provides highly sampled information in the intra-well space. Utilization of the intra-well seismic information leads to better definition of the reservoir and simulation results. The reservoir model integrated estimates of litho-fluid properties derived from prestack seismic inversion employing Bayesian classification methods. Reservoir boundaries and facies distributions were identified from shale and sand classification probabilities. Porosity distribution in the reservoir utilized acoustic impedance as a proxy. Seismic discontinuity analyses also provided a means to identify compartment boundaries, baffles, and lithologic barriers to fluid flow. Together, the integration of these seismic properties improved the accuracy of the geologic model and provided better understanding of reservoir production mechanisms.


In the process of virtual screening, various results of virtual screening base on various virtual screening strategies and methods. The rational methods must be got by experiment, it can instruct large scale virtual screening. The assay method of acetylcholinest-erase( AChE) inhibitors was introduced in this paper. More than four thousand compounds were detected by this method, and 34 compounds with higher bioactivities were found. Based on two complex crystal structures, two virtual screening model were established to forecast the possible activity compounds from the compounds detected by applying 6 different methods. The two set possible activity compounds of the two model and the common possible activity compounds were compared with the activity compounds obtained from bio-assay. The important factors of virtual screening acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors and the methods to enrich activity compounds were analyzed and discussed. Some advices for large scale virtual screening of acetylcholinesterase( AChE) inhibitors were put forward.


A theoretical model to explain the phenomenon of the formation of an Intensive Magnetic Flux Tube (IMFT) in a converging flow of partially ionized solar photospheric plasma is considered. Special attention is paid to the case of weak ionization (n/nn ∼ 10 −4 ) of the plasma in the photo- sphere. The cases of 2D magnetic slab and cylindric magnetic tube are considered. It is shown that in a converging flow of photospheric plasma, thin magnetic tubes, or slabs with the characteristic scale L0 ∼ (1 − 5) · 10 7 cm and magnetic field 1000 − 2000 G can be generated. 2D magnetic slabs could be unstable with respect to an exchange instability and appear as an intermediate step during IMFT formation on the boundary of two supergranulation cells. The formation of compact strong magnetic field structures, and their energy balance are discussed. Stationary Joule energy dissipation taking place on the photospheric levels in the models of magnetic slab or IMFT under consideration increases towards the periphery of these objects and can exceed radiation loses. This can cause the occurrence of magnetic tubes with hot external envelopes, and the modification of the plasma temperature and density distribution with respect to those in a quiet atmosphere.


Abstract Genocide is often linked to the rise of the nation state, although it is clear that it has existed as long as warfare itself. The Armenian genocide and the Jewish Holocaust are examples of attempts by states to kill off specific sub-populations based on their identity. The advent of globalization, the rise of non-state actors, and the weakening of the state have opened the door to a new phenomenon: terrorism as genocide. Since 2003, the Islamic State movement has carried on a campaign of targeting Iraqi Shia and Yazidi civilians resulting in thousands of dead. This targeting has proceeded apace, regardless of leadership changes, funding, or relative strength of the group. This paper argues that the Shia and Yazidi in Iraq are subject to a genocidal campaign by ISIS, based on a quantitative analysis of attacks on civilians and the existing United Nations frameworks for the prevention of genocide. Furthermore, a bias against non-state actors as possible perpetrators could blind the international community to slowly unfolding genocidal campaigns. Both of these factors highlight a looming challenge to the United Nation's Responsibility to Protect doctrine that has been mostly ignored by the media and policymakers.


In this work is presented a theoretical and experimental analysis of the substrate potential drop and your influence on the fully depleted SOI MOSFET threshold voltage. This study is done at room temperature and at liquid nitrogen temperature. Good agreement was found between the simple model and experimental results.


Accelerated rain erosion of wind turbine blade coatings During operation, the fast-moving blades of wind turbines are exposed to continuous impacts with rain droplets, hail, insects, or solid particles. This can lead to erosion of the blades, whereby the electrical efficiency is compromised and expensive repairs may be required. One possible solution to this problem is elastic blade coatings, which are able to absorb the impact energy without crack formation. The purpose of the work presented in this thesis has been to design and construct a laboratory experimentation device, which allows an accelerated and reliable evaluation of existing or novel blade coating formulations. Results of experiments are compared to data obtained in the larger-size whirling arm rig, which is the present industrial standard for blade coating evaluation. The whirling arm rig consists of three fastmoving horizontal rotors rotating in a heavy artificial rain fall. There are four chapters in the thesis. In chapter 1, a literature survey provides background information to the field. Topics discussed are the global wind energy development, possible wind turbine constructions, blade structures and materials, blade coatings, and liquid erosion mechanisms. In chapter 2, the design, construction and evaluation of a new laboratory setup for fast screening of 22 coating samples simultaneously is described. The device is based on a principle of discrete water jet slugs. A review of previous rain erosion testing equipment is also included. To provide a basis for comparison of the new setup with the whirling arm rig, a dimensional analysis was conducted and experiments with two polyurethane-based blade coatings carried out. Results showed that water jet slug velocity and impact frequency are the most influential parameters on the coating erosion rate. Furthermore, very small coating surface defects, often present on the specimens tested, appeared to play an important role in the erosion mechanism. The evaluation of the coatings under conditions where impact frequency and water hammer pressure were "matched" could not be directly correlated with the results obtained with the whirling arm rig. This may be attributed, among other contributing factors, to the different contact modes in the two setups, i.e. the movement of coated panels against rain drops versus the movement of water drops against coated specimens. The results endorse the complex nature of the rain erosion phenomenon, which is the consequence of the simultaneous combination of complex mechanisms and as such, it is difficult to reproduce at the laboratory scale. III In chapter 3, the experimental investigation was expanded to a study on the effects of three important process parameters on coating erosion: water cushioning, substrate curvature, and water nozzle-coating distance. In addition, to map the influence of physical properties on rain erosion, mechanical measurements to characterize selected blade coatings, including tensile strength, flexibility, impact, hardness, and abrasion experiments, were conducted. The investigations showed that in some cases water cushioning (the presence of a liquid film on the coating surface prior to impact) is important. Contrary to this, substrate curvature and the water nozzle-coating distance (< 10 cm) did not influence the results to any significant degree. The ranking of abrasion resistance of the blade coatings was in agreement with the ranking of rain erosion resistance measured in the whirling arm rig and is an interesting indication for future work. Finally, in chapter 4, conclusions are drawn and suggestions for further work provided.


The climatic responses to the direct radiative effect of dust aerosol at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are examined using a general circulation model with online simulation of dust. The predicted global dust emission at the LGM is 2.3 times as large as the present-day value, which is the combined effect of the expansion of dust sources and the favorable meteorological parameters (MPs; e.g., the strong surface wind and the low air humidity) under the LGM climate. Simulated global dust emission is 1966 Tg yr with present-day dust sources and MPs, 2820 Tg yr with LGM dust sources and current MPs, 2599 Tg yr with present-day dust sources and LGM MPs, and 4579 Tg yr with LGM sources and MPs. The simulated percentage increases of dust concentrations are the largest at high latitudes in both hemispheres, which are consistent with the deposition data from geological records. The LGM dust is estimated to exert global annual-mean shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiative forcing (RF) of 24.69 and 11.70 W m at the surface, respectively, and 20.58 and 10.68 W m at the top of the atmosphere, respectively. On a globaland annual-mean basis, surface air temperature (SAT) is predicted to be reduced by 0.18 K and precipitation is reduced by 0.06 mm day, as a result of the net (SW and LW) radiative effect of dust at the LGM. Two sensitivity studies are performed to identify the uncertainties in simulated climatic effect of LGM dust that arise from the assumed LW and/or SW absorption by dust: 1) in the absence of dust LW radiative effect, the LGM globaland annual-mean SAT is predicted to be further reduced by 0.19 K; and 2) when the single scattering albedo of the Saharan dust at 0.55 mm is increased from 0.89 to 0.98 in the LGM climate simulation, the LGM dustinduced annualand global-mean surface cooling increases from 0.18 to 0.63 K even with both SW and LW radiative effects of dust. In these two sensitivity studies, the LGM dust is predicted to induce an average cooling of 0.42 and 0.72 K in SAT, respectively, over the tropical oceans.


Zinc-selenide thin-films with thickness ranging from 200 to 2000nm were deposited on glass substrate by thermal vapor deposition technique. The two-dimensional pole Figure mappings for the thin-films with different thicknesses reveal the evolution of orientation distribution of crystallites with respect to (Ill) and (311) crystallographic planes. The thickness dependent effective optical band gap was estimated from transmittance spectra. The Swanepoel envelop method could be applied for the two samples having thicknesses of 395 and 1018 nm. A conspicuous thickness dependent bandgap was reported to vary from 2.57 to 2.627eV. The optical parameters: refractive index, nonlinear refractive index, 3rd order nonlinear susceptibility, optical electronegativity, plasma frequency etc. exhibited some degree of thickness dependence, which could be associated with a crystallographic transition of the thin-film from random to the preferred orientation.


In the EC funded GROUND-MED project, a geothermal heat pump has been installed at the University of Oradea for heating and cooling a building used by the Department of Visual Arts. The operation of the system automated and the operating parameters are continuously monitored, the data being transmitted to two servers, one in Athens at the Center for Renewable Energy Sources and Savings (project coordinator), and the other one in Coimbra, at the Institute of Systems and Robotics of the University of Coimbra (project partner responsible for data acquisition).


This study analyses on the history of uniform convergence, and discusses its educational implications. First, this study inspects 'overflowing of the Euclidean methodology' which was suggested by Lakatos as a cause of tardy appearance of uniform convergence, and reinterprets that cause in the perspective of 'symbolization'. Second, this study looks into the emergence of uniform convergence of Seidel and Weierstrass in this viewpoint of symbolization. As a result, of analysis, we come to know that the definition of uniform convergence had been changed into the theory of 'domain and graph' from that of 'point and function value' by the location change of the quantifier. As these results, this study puts forward an educational suggestion from an angle of epistemological obstacle, concept definition and concept image.


Soft law is a term applied to EU measures, such as guidelines, declarations and opinions, which, in contrast to directives, regulations and decisions, are not binding on those to whom they are addressed. However, soft law can produce some legal effects. Special attention in the work is devoted to a problem of a possible role of soft law in wider context of political process development of private law which is discussed within the issue of Lisbon strategy and soft law. The author takes an approach in elaborating on the legal nature and function of soft law.


This article presents an overview of the project on Rehabilitation of Fisheries and Aquaculture in Tsunami-affected Coastal Communities in Aceh Province. Building on the research results from the recently completed projects detailed in the previous articles, this project shall synthesize information on coastal fishing communities and resources in order to develop site-specific management options to support rehabilitation of fisheries and aquaculture.


At the beginning of Nanjing government,there were a lot of legal crisis,opposite standing of the two parties,inner struggle in KMT,Japanese aggression,economic supply,beliefs and so on.


Objective To compare SFAR(the score for allergic rhinitis) with SPT(skin prick test) in the diagnose of AR(allergic rhinitis).To provide allergic rhinitis with a new method of diagnose.Methods A study was carried out in 88 outpatients consulting ENT department for AR.Allergic historys of the patients were evaluated by SFAR,and allergens of the patients were detected by SPT.Statistics analysis was performed.Results Compared with SPT,SFAR had no statistics difference in diagnose of allergic rhinitis.Its sensitivity was 82.3% and its specificity was 82.3%,while its accuracy rate was 75%.Conclusion SFAR not only provides diagnose of allergic rhinitis with a simple and useful method,but also provides collection of clinic history with useful reference.


Objective:To observe the changes in plasma interleukin10(IL10) levels in scalded rats and its regulation by αmelanocytestimulating hormone (αMSH) and AcLysLProDVal (KPV peptide).Methods:Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure the plasma IL10 levels in normal,minor and major scald injury rats.Plasma IL10 concentrations were regulated by injections of antirat TNFα and IL1β antibodies,αMSH,and KPV peptide in vivo.Rat peritoneal macrophages from control group were isolated and incubated with αMSH and KPV,their role in production of IL10 was investigated.Results:IL10 levels 〔(83 97±16 08)ng/L〕 in rats 12 hours after minor scald injury were higher than that in control group 〔(6 70±3 93)ng/L, P 0 01〕,and significantly increased in major scald injury group 〔(177 50±15 79)ng/L〕 compared to minor scald injury ( P 0 01).The injections of antirat TNFα〔(107 84±11 05)ng/L〕 and IL1β antibodies 〔(105 22±23 01)ng/L〕,αMSH 〔(118 43±18 75)ng/L〕 and KPV 〔(124 69±24 27)ng/L〕 attenuated the increase of IL10 level in rats with major scald injury (all P 0.01).αMSH and KPV peptide stimulated the rat peritoneal macrophages to produce IL10〔(50 48±15 42)ng/L and (48 94±15 47)ng/L respectively〕.Conclusions:Plasma IL10 levels significantly increase in minor and major scald injuries.The administration of antirat TNFα and IL1β antibodies,αMSH and KPV might prevent its increase after major scald injury.αMSH and KPV may stimulate the peritoneal macrophage to secrete IL10.


10 Spatial variation of soil moisture content under a sub-surface drip irrigated field was studied. Conventional statistics and geostatistical methods were used to analyze the relation between four soil variables: % sand, % silt, % clay, and soil moisture content. The soil moisture content was measured before, during, and after irrigation using tensiometers. The samples were collected from 63 sites on a 180 by 244 meters (4.45hectare) cotton field. The preand post-irrigation soil moisture content shared the same spatial structure, differing only by the magnitude of their variances. After any irrigation the soil wetter points remained wetter and the drier points remained drier. It was found that the spatial patterns of soil moisture content appear to be stable over time. The ranges obtained from the variograms before and after an irrigation had the same magnitude of influence. The coefficient of uniformity obtained using the gravimetric method was 92.4 %, however, using tensiometers values ranged from 84.4 to 87.3%.


Dear Editor: We read with great interest the study by Tu and colleagues. The authors previously described the common prevalence of mild ventriculomegaly (MVM) in Wistar rats. In the more recent article, they examine whether the absence versus the presence of MVM relates to the degree of brain tissue damage after closed head traumatic brain injury (TBI). Using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) magnetic resonance imaging, they found significantly attenuated axonal injury within the corpus callosum of MVM rats after mild TBI as assessed by various DTI metrics (including axial, radial, and mean diffusivity as well as the magnetization transfer rate). The imaging findings were further supported by immunohistochemical staining for phosphorylated neurofilament H (SMI31) showing attenuated traumatic axonal injury (TAI) within the corpus callosum of MVM rats as compared with rats without MVM. The authors hypothesize that the attenuated TAI could be, in part, related to an altered inflammatory response as well as to the brain's unique mechanical properties in MVM rats. In particular, they suggest that the increased brain water content in MVM rats could decrease global brain stiffness and thus protect from TBI. In support of their hypothesis, they cite studies that analyzed the viscoelastic brain properties in humans with normal pressure hydrocephalus and in Mongolian gerbils subjected to focal cerebral ischemia, as well as after controlled cortical impact in mice. However, the possible relationship between the viscoelastic properties of the rat MVM brain and response to TBI remains uncertain. We propose an additional, not mutually exclusive, hypothesis. Using model systems, it has been suggested that the lateral ventricles could act as strain relievers and thereby mitigate TAI in adjacent tissues by absorbing energy. Although this has not been previously formally analyzed, we noted attenuated TAI at 48 h after TBI within the corpus callosum overlying the lateral ventricle of wild-type C57BL/6 mice. In this study, spontaneously breathing 8–12-week-old mice (n = 13) were anesthetized with isoflurane in room air. Closed head TBI was induced using a weight drop device by dropping a free-falling 50 g weight from a height of 15 cm to strike a cylindrical polyacetal transducer rod (Delrina, tipdiameter 2 mm, 17.4 g) that was placed with its tip directly on the mouse's exposed, intact skull under the tip at an angle of 90 degrees. Forty-eight hours after trauma, immunohistochemistry was performed against beta amyloid precursor protein (bAPP), and the number of bAPP-immunopositive axonal profiles was quantified in the corpus callosum from beneath the impact center. Figure 1 summarizes the spatial distribution of bAPP-positive axons within the corpus callosum, and indicates conspicuous TAI attenuation beneath the lateral ventricle under the impact center. This observation supports the notion that the lateral ventricle may indeed attenuate TAI through its proposed energy-absorbing capacity. In extension of these data, any larger cerebrospinal fluid space within the brain, such as in the setting of ventriculomegaly, may mitigate TAI in adjacent white matter tracts in a similar fashion. Nevertheless, although Tu and coworkers' and our model


Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common global disorder. Manifestations of the disease range from occasional episodes of heartburn and regurgitation to the more serious complications of stricture and Barrett's esophagus. Most patients manage their symptoms with a combination of dietary and lifestyle modifications and overthe-counter or prescription medications.

 This study aims to assess the incidence, etiology, diagnosis and management strategies for dysphagia following laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication.

 Published studies discussing dysphagia as a complication of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Patients developed dysphagia after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication as primary anti-reflux surgery, the type of intervention was laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Types of outcome measures: Incidence, etiology, diagnosis and management strategies for dysphagia following laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. The published English-language literature will be searched in the databases PUBMED, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Science direct and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trails (The Cochrane Library). The search terms will be employed: "Nissen fundoplication" "early dysphagia" " late dysphagia".

 In our present systematic review, we observed that the incidence of post-operative dysphagia after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication among the included studies ranged from 8.2% to 42.8% with average percent of 33.2%. Transient postoperative dysphagia was more prominent in most of the included studies with average 52.8%, while persistent dysphagia was in reported in 47.2% of cases. In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, 707 of patients who developed postoperative dysphagia responded to conservative management with percent of 92.4%, while the remaining 58 patients required more invasive modalities. Endoscopic dilatation was performed in 54 (7.1%) of patients, while the remaining 4 patients (0.5%) were indicated for surgical reintervention.

 Post laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication dysphagia is one of the most common complications, most cases present with a transient course that require no more than conservative management. In few conditions, more invasive procedures maybe required to control that condition.


Several cloned dogs have been successfully produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer. However, there is no investigation of its reproductive characteristics including changes of hormone and ovarian follicles in cloned dogs. Thus, this study was to examine the onset of puberty, follicular dynamics, and reproductive hormone profiles in cloned beagle dogs. Two female cloned beagles, derived from fetal fibroblasts, were compared to 2 individual age- and weight-matched female beagles produced by natural breeding. All dogs were examined twice weekly from 6 months for the presence of swelling of the vulva and serosanguineous vaginal discharge, which were used as markers of the onset of proestrus. From the first day of proestrus, jugular venous blood samples were collected twice a day for hormonal analysis. Also, from the day when progesterone concentration was >1 ng mL–1 until 5 days after ovulation, blood sampling was carried out 3 times a day. Ultrasound examination of ovaries and uterus was performed daily from the onset of proestrous until 5th day post-ovulation. Cloned female dogs (332.5 ± 1.5 days) reached puberty later than controls (300 ± 8 days). The mean number of ovarian follicles was 4.5 ± 0.5 v. 6.5 ± 0.5 for clones and controls, respectively. The largest size of ovarian follicles in clones and controls detected by ultrasound were 0.6 ± 0.03 v. 0.69 ± 0.07 cm, respectively. It took 8 days from the initiation of vulvar bleeding to the LH peak in all beagles. Moreover, there were no differences in the profile of hormonal changes (LH, FSH, estradiol, and progesterone) in cloned and control beagles. These results demonstrate that cloned dogs have normal development of reproduction. This study was financially supported by the Korean MEST, through KOSEF (grant # M10625030005-08N250300510) and the BK21 program for Veterinary Science.


We develop a fully automatic Bayesian Lasso via variational inference. This is a scalable procedure for approximating the posterior distribution. Special attention is driven to the knot selection in regression spline. In order to carry through our proposal, a full automatic variational Bayesian Lasso, a Jefferey's prior is proposed for the hyperparameters and a decision theoretical approach is introduced to decide if a knot is selected or not. Extensive simulation studies were developed to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. The performance of the algorithms were also tested in some real data sets, including data from the world pandemic Covid-19. Again, the algorithms showed a very good performance in capturing the data structure.


IOM report: Vaccines cause very few side effects New TB vaccine to be tested in HIV infected people Infant rotavirus vaccine may protect unvaccinated individuals New potent and broadly effective HIV antibodies isolated Early childhood immunization rates increasing in the US Potential for TB vaccine in fighting cancer Tweens and teens often missing vaccines New study: How FluMist elicits protection


Coleus caninus (Roth) Vatke (Labiatae) is an important plant in Indian system of medicine. The present study was aimed to determine the secondary plant metabolites present in Coleus caninus and investigate its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The dried and powdered plant material was extracted with mixture of ethanol and water (7:3) to yield crude extracts. The obtained extract was assayed for Antimicrobial activity by agar-well diffusion method. In addition, a phytochemical screening and in-vitro total antioxidant assay of the hydro-alcoholic extracts was done. The plant extract showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Proteus sp, Serratia marganni and Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemical analysis carried out revealed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, tannins, Saponins and. Alkaloids. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in the extract were 10.22±1.05 and 0.93 ± 0.02% w/w of the extracts, respectively. The total antioxidant capacity was found to be 4.356±0.3 Mm Ascorbic acid/g dry mass. This study underscores the importance of application of C. caninus in ethno medicine and extracts from C. caninus could be used as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents.


Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and results in the second greatest rate of cancer-associated mortality globally. Multidrug resistance (MDR) often develops during the chemotherapy, resulting in the failure of treatment. To investigate the molecular mechanism of MDR, the roles of microRNA (miR)-1 were studied in GC. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to investigate the expression levels of miR-1 and sorcin in SGC7901/ADM and SGC7901/VCR cell lines. The effect of miR-1 on the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), cell apoptosis rates and drug accumulation was uncovered by MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, dual-luciferase assay and western blotting were used to determine the target of miR-1 in GC. It was demonstrated that miR-1 was highly downregulated in MDR GC cell lines, including SGC7901/ADM and SGC7901/VCR. Overexpression of miR-1 in MDR GC cells decreased IC50, but increased the cell apoptosis rates and promoted the drug accumulation in cancer cells. Dual-luciferase activity assay indicated that sorcin was the target of miR-1 in GC. In addition, overexpression of sorcin could partially reverse the effect of miR-1 in MDR GC cells. The role of miR-1 in MDR GC cells makes it a potential therapeutic target for a successful clinical outcome.