Ghazali in the Ihya' states that there is not in the sphere of possibility anything more excellent, more perfect or more complete than what God has in fact created. He immediately adds that this proposition is necessary, for otherwise there would be denial of God's omnipotence or his justice (generosity, goodness . . .) (p. 39). The terminology varies in Islam as elsewhere but this problem is universal, familiar to all the monotheist traditions and quite inescapable in any context where theological statements about a personal deity draw on the language of logic (as, in general, they do, together with or in opposition to the language of love). Gh.'s proposition (like Leibniz's similar proposition later) took on in the course of argument an apophthegmatic form which was, perhaps erroneously, thought to sum up a theological stance: laysa fi 'l-imkan abda mimmd kdn. E. L. Ormsby in this work is concerned primarily with the reaction of Ash'ari scholastics to this proposition as expounded by Gh. Some found it inconsistent with other dogmatic positions that had emerged within Ash'arism ; some argued that it was—rightly understood—consistent. Prior to Gh., Ash'ari views on this (and other matters) had been worked out in the course of a wider dispute (with Mu'tazilites, philosophers et al.) as a result of which Ash'arism gave broadly unqualified support to the proposition, ' God is omnipotent ' and abandoned the normal meaning of, ' God is good (just etc.) ' by denying the existence of non-contingent moral values (ch. v). At some expense, the Ash'aris thus, in the terms available, and within the rules governing the use of language, dealt with the problem. The new formulations of Gh., who claimed to be an Ash'ari, inspired (naturally) dissent within the tradition and (more surprisingly) assent. It is the history of this assent and dissent that Ormsby offers. He surveys Gh.'s expressions of his view (ch. i), gives a chronological overview of disputants (ch. ii), then discusses three major aspects of Ash'ari objections to Gh., and for each one gives also the standard Ash'ari defence (chs. iii-v). He is himself convinced by the latter and in a conclusion states that Gh.'s theory was ' a logical outgrowth of orthodox Ash'ari doctrine ' and that it displays ' coherence and consistency '. This reviewer does not agree.


This publication does not have an abstract. The first two paragraphs of the Introductory Note are displayed as the abstract.

In this chapter we have assembled and lightly remixed some key ideas from three texts by Lawrence Lessig to present a perspective on how contemporary concepts, policies, and laws of copyright and intellectual property impinge on practices of digital literacy. The source texts for this particular assemblage and remix of ideas are Lessig's 2004 book Free Culture: How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity and two
variants of his renowned illustrated oral address on the themes of copyright, free culture and Creative Commons that has been presented many times and in many places around the world.

On January 2008 Lessig announced on his blog (http://www.Lessig.org/blog/) that he was giving his final public address on "Free Culture" and would henceforth be devoting his energies to addressing corruption in Washington, DC. This, then, is an opportune moment to re-present what we see as some of his key ideas and to bring them into conversation with our own particular interests in education and digital literacies.


Measurements of the torque consumed by an impeller rotating in a closed vessel were taken under various geometrical configurations by means of a torsion balance technique. The experimental results give the following conclusions : (1) When the boss ratio has a value between zero and 0.6, the resisting coefficient takes a constant value approximately. (2) The resisting coefficient takes the maximum value for a certain number of blades of the impeller and varies in proportion to (sinθ)1/2 (θn0) where θ is the attack angle of blades. (3) The relation between the resisting coefficient Cf and Reynolds number R6 in a smooth vessel is given by Cf ∽ R6-1/6. (4) When the width of the impeller is large, the resisting coefficient of the impeller is identical with that of a disc with ribs on both sides of the surfaces. (5) The effect of the number of blades disappears when the impeller has a shroud and the angle of blade is larger than 45 degrees.


We experimentally investigate the miniband transport in a novel kind of superlattice fabricated by the "cleaved edge overgrowth" method. The structure represents a eld e ect transistor, where the channel consists of an MBE-grown superlattice perpendicular to the current ow. By means of the gate the Fermi energy can be adjusted between the bottom of the rst miniband and into the minigap. We observe pronounced negative di erential resistance at electric elds across the superlattice as low as 160 V/cm. From magnetotransport measurements a relation between the applied gate voltage and the position of the Fermi energy in the arti cial band structure is established. Electron mobility depending on the Fermi energy is deduced separately from Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations, from the voltage at the peak current and from the loweld resistance. ? 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


To the Editor. — It is regrettable that in an otherwise thorough and thoughtful analysis of heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that Drs Haverkos and Edelman 1 conclude with incautiously worded comments on the future course of public debate and policy. They state that "societies may soon have to wrestle with many difficult questions, including the suitability of infected individuals for marriage and natural parenthood." The question of whether to mandate premarital screening for HIV infection has been debated in state legislatures across the nation. In virtually all cases, public health officials have argued that given the epidemiology of HIV disease, the patterns of sexual behavior in America, and the social costs of widespreadscreening, such an approach to prevention would represent a misguided effort. In Louisiana, a one-year trial of mandatory premarital screening has been ended. Whatever the justification for requiring testing so that potential marriage partners might


Background: An overview of mortality risk among unselected patients with Crohn's disease (CD) is lacking. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of population‐based studies on overall and cause‐specific mortality in CD. Methods: MEDLINE (January 1965 to February 2008), abstracts from international conferences and reference lists of selected articles were searched systematically. All articles fulfilling the predefined inclusion criteria were scrutinized for data on population size, time of follow‐up, gender, age, and observed to expected deaths. STATA meta‐analysis software was used to calculate overall and cause‐specific pooled standardized mortality ratios (SMR, observed/expected). Results: Nine studies were included with overall SMRs ranging from 0.72–3.2, resulting in a significantly increased pooled SMR of 1.39 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30–1.49). Regarding cause‐specific mortality, a significantly increased risk of death from cancer (SMR 1.50, 95% CI: 1.18–1.92), in particular of pulmonary cancer (SMR 2.72, 95% CI: 1.35–5.45), as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (SMR 2.55, 95% CI: 1.19–5.47), gastrointestinal diseases (SMR 6.76, 95% CI: 4.37–10.45), and genitourinary diseases (SMR 3.28, 95% CI: 1.69–6.35) was observed. Conclusions: Among unselected patients with CD, overall mortality was slightly but significantly higher than in the general population—primarily explained by deaths from gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary diseases. Notably, mortality from colorectal cancer was not increased. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009


To screen transgenic donor cells for nuclear transfer,the cassette of LoxP-cre-GFP-Neo was ligated to 3′ end SV40 polyA sequence of pbCNCS/LF36 thus producing pAPLM.Fertilized mouse eggs(ICR) were microinjected with the expression cassette of pbCNCS/LF36 and transferred into pseudo-pregnant females.The pregnancy rate of pseudopregnancy mices were 28.5% and,32 and 43 founder mice were born respectively.4(3♀,1♂) transgenic mice were positive checked by PCR and the integration rate were 12.5%.F_1 mice from male were not transgenic.The expression level of hLF were 3.8,2.8,0.9 mg·mL-1in the G0 mice and 4.2,3.9,3.6 mg·mL-1 in the milk of 3 F_1 mice of 4number G0 mice checked by ELISA.Fetal fibroblast cells were transfected with mammary gland specifical expression vector of pAPLM and then screened with G418.The single colony was selected and expanded.Genomic DNA were analysed by PCR.8 lines of fetal fibroblast cells expressed GFP and these transgenic cells would be used to produce hLF transgenic goat.These results indicated that milk promoter combined with CMV could direct high expression of hLF cDNA specifically to the mammary gland in the transgenic mice and the dual selectable marker genes of pAPLM could be used to produce transngenic donor cells for nuclear transfer.


Experimental teaching is very important in education of engineering´ students. This activity promotes the interactivity and the participation of the students, propitiating that they acquire knowledge, skills, habits and attitudes. In this work we present an open problem of flow of fluids that is solved by experimentation, to help the students achieve meaningful learning in this subject.


I n a recent article in this journal, Edelman presented a multi-dimensional numerical model for rating bonds. He believes his model to be superior to Moody's and Standard & Poor's single-letter rating schemes. In this paper I discuss the methodological problems of Edelman's model. My analysis casts serious doubt on the model's ability to provide worthwhile information to investors. The model Edelman has chosen is commonly called the "principal factor solution" (PFS) model. It uses the total variance of the sample data to derive factors and to determine how many factors are important for explaining the characteristics used in bond ratings. Edelman's Exhibit 1 shows he believes that, of eight possible factors,' four that explain about 75 percent of the variance2 are important. The unexplained variance, 25 percent, is distributed over the other four factors, each of which Edelman considers unimportant. Edelman's model is not useful in explaining the characteristics of the bond rating phenomenon principally because the four common factors are not easy to interpret. A cursory examination of his factor loadings matrix shows the rate-base-valuation variable to load highly on factors one, three, and four, while the callprovision variable loads highly on factors three and four. The factor loading matrix does not exhibit simple structure," and simple structure is important for interpreting the factors. In other words, the variables are highly correlated with more than one factor. This causes problems with factor interpretation. '


The processing of YBCO superconductive materials by colloid-dissolution, slow-release and Pechini techniques was studied and their microstructure and superconductive property were examined. The results show that the powder made by Pechini technique is fine and has high purity and uniformity. Sintering the powders at 960℃ followed by slow cooling to anneal for a long time, high purity YBa_2Cu_3O_7 superconductive material can be obtained and its superconducting transition temperature T_c is 92K and ΔT is less than 1K.


Antennas designed to link footwear sensors within body centric networks are introduced with two small UWB antennas, one directional and another quasi-omnidirectional. The radiating characteristics are evaluated for three positions on a sample sports shoe using a detailed simulation model and measurements with a homogenous foot phantom. Antenna performance is assessed for resilience to close proximity loading by the footwear materials and the phantom foot.


We consider a rating-based model for the term structure of credit risk spreads wherein the credit-worthiness of the issuer is represented as a finite-state continuous time Markov process. This approach entails a progressive drift in credit quality towards default. A model of the economy is presented featuring stochastic transition probabilities; credit instruments are valued via an ultra parabolic Hamilton-Jacobi system of equations discretized utilizing the method-of-lines finite difference method. Computations for a callable bond are presented demonstrating the efficiency of the method.


Recently,QDshavedrawnmuchattentionfortheirpotentialbiomedicalapplications and have been widely explored as effectivefluorescent sensors for real-time detection of biomolecules,for the staining ofbiological tissues and formolecular imagingof biological pathways or disease progression in vitro and invivo.


The objective of this study was to document the perceptions of undergraduate students regarding academic self-proficiency and quality of university life and to evaluate whether their perceptions differed based on their physical activity levels. A total of 4.678 students aged between 18-29 (2.493 men and 2.185 women) registered at Yuzuncu Yil University in Van, Turkey, participated in this study. Data collection tools consisted of a personal information form, the Academic Self-Proficiency Scale, and the University Quality of Life Scale. Descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the data. According to the results of the Mann-Whitney U test, the mean academic self-sufficiency score of the male students was significantly higher than that of the female students (p .05). University students' academic self-efficacy and quality of university life scores varied according to gender and a relationship between these two variables was found. Perceptions of academic self-sufficiency and quality of university life did not significantly differ on the basis of students' physical activity levels, however.


Background
Radial-endobronchial ultrasonography (R-EBUS) is a useful bronchoscopic tool for the diagnosis of solitary pulmonary peripheral lesions. However, the utility of R-EBUS for the diagnosis of diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of R-EBUS patterns in association with computed tomography (CT) findings in diagnosing DPLD.

Methods
Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) was performed using R-EBUS and a guide sheath (GS) in consecutive 35 patients with suspected DPLD on chest CT between March–November 2017. Consolidation, ground glass opacity (GGO), reticular, and nodular patterns were diagnosed, and the mean CT Hounsfield units in the sampled area were measured in patients with consolidation. R-EBUS characteristics and their association with CT findings and pathological diagnostic yield were evaluated.

Results
R-EBUS showed a dense pattern only in patients with consolidation, and a blizzard pattern in patients with consolidation, GGO, reticular, and nodular patterns on CT. The biopsied area's mean CT value was significantly higher in patients with dense than with blizzard patterns (p < 0.0001), and pathological findings were also dense in patients with R-EBUS dense pattern. The pathological diagnostic yield was significantly higher in patients with overt R-EBUS patterns than in patients without R-EBUS patterns by obtaining better lung tissue samples with the GS (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Dense and blizzard R-EBUS patterns were novel findings in diagnosing DPLD, and TBLB with R-EBUS-GS may be a valuable tool in diagnosing DPLD


Relevance of the research. Construction sands are the largest functional group of sands widely used in construction industry. This natural material is one of the most demanded for the production of manufactured products in the construction industry of the region. Purpose of the researchis to study the engineering-geological conditions of construction sands deposit for the production of the manufactured products of OAO Sebryakovsky plant of asbestos-cement products, as well as for construction organizations of the region. Research methods. Based on the analysis of extensive collection materials using laboratory and statistical methods, as well as the results of additional research, the physical-geographical, engineering-geological and technogenic conditions of the study area were examined. Results and their application. The useful stratum of the deposit is composed of Upper Quaternary alluvial sands, the average thickness of which is 8.6 m, penetrated thickness is up to 12.3 m. Overburden within the study area is represented by the soil-vegetation horizon – up to 0.2 m. The extracted raw materials are used in the production of mortars, which is confirmed by tests of a cement-sand grout, and as a filler in fine-grained concrete. The reserves of the deposit are calculated in categories A + B + C1 in the amount of 2313.2 thousand m3. The development of the deposit is recommended by the open method. Explored and recoverable reserves will ensure the operation of the enterprise with an annual demand of 100 thousand m3 per year for a period up to 2030. Conclusions. Based on the results of the studies, it should be noted that the Sidorsky deposit of construction sands is assessed as profitable and competitive in relation to the exploited deposits of sand in the Volgograd region.


This thesis deals with stochastic dynamical systems in discrete and continuous time. Traditionally dynamical systems in continuous time are modelled using Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). Even the most complex system of ODEs will not be able to capture every detail of a complex system like a natural ecosystem, and hence residual variation between the model and observations will always remain. In stochastic state-space models the residual variation is separated into observation and system noise and a main theme of the thesis is a proper description of the system noise. Additive Gaussian noise is the standard approach to introduce system noise, but this may lead to undesirable consequences for the state variables. In biological models, where the statespace generally contains positive real numbers only, modelling in the log-domain ensures positive state variables, however, this transformation is likely to conflict with the concept of mass balances. One of the central conclusions of the thesis is that the stochastic formulations should be an integral part of the model formulation. As discrete-time stochastic processes are simpler to handle numerically than continuous-time stochastic processes, I start by considering discrete-time processes. A novel approach combining multiplicative and additive log-normal noise has been developed in discrete time, and used to demonstrate the effect of stochastic forcing in simple discrete-time regime shift models. An approximate maximum likelihood estimation procedure based on the second order moment representation of the multiplicative and additive log-normal noise model was developed and tested in simulation studies. The transition to continuous-time stochastic models (here Stochastic Differential Equations (SDEs)) offers the opportunity of embedding parts of the ODE


A recent case with the uncommon citation of acute rheu - matic fever must remind physi cians of the ever-present burden of Strep - tococcus pyogenes infections. Al - though largely represented in epi - sodes of strep throat, postinfectious sequelae continue to attract atten- tion, most recently with the addition of pediatric autoimmune neuropsy- chiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS). The occurrence of severe S. pyogenes infections is cyclical and in accord with the community frequency of strep throats. Treatment aspects have been complicated by the rising incidence of macrolide and clin- damycin resistance, although peni- cillin and other beta-lactam agents continue to demonstrate strong in vitro activity. Several aspects of diagnosis are challenging. Rapid diagnostic tests have a number of limitations. As well, nonhemolytic and non-group A streptococci can be the cause of infection and should be considered. With the prospect of a vaccine still far away, S. pyogenes will remain alive and well. I n the minds of family physicians, Streptococcus pyogenes has histor- ically been associated primarily with strep throat and, secondari- ly, with the complications of rheu - matic fever and glomerulone phritis. The latter complications have largely diminished in the antibiotic era. Des - pite such a reduction in complications, infection due to S. pyogenes has con- tinued to attract considerable atten- tion for various reasons. In the last 2 decades, for example, the entities of streptococcal toxic shock and inva- sive S. pyogenes infections have pro- vided renewed interests. A recent case illustrates how S. pyogenes-associated acute rheumatic fever and nephritis continue to be seen.


In the fall of 1996, the Arkansas Archeological Survey and the Department of Foreign Languages at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville received a $180,000 grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities Teaching With Technology program. The goal of this grant initiative was to encourage creation of content-rich, computer-based materials for teaching history, literature, and languages. The grant team produced a CD-ROM called First Encounters: Native Americans and Europeans in the Mississippi Valley. The CD-ROM was designed to teach students how to critically evaluate differing multicultural perspectives using historical sources. A post-development evaluation of these materials yielded favorable student ratings and successful learning outcomes, however we decided to add a second generation of instructional improvements. The primary goal of this article is to describe the implementation and preliminary evaluation of one of these improvements, a web-based social process experiential simulation prototype called Two Worlds. Two Worlds was designed to enhance critical thinking by engaging users to explore a digital micro-world, participate in role-plays, and construct mind maps through and with collaborative electronic tools. ********** A primary goal of the First Encounters project was to help students answer the question: How does one derive from the archeological and historical record, an understanding of what happened in the past? Therefore, the First Encounters CD-ROM was designed to engage students in an active investigation of Native American and European encounters using original historical sources such as texts, maps, artworks, and archeological finds. We chose to emphasize the Lower Mississippi Valley because a great range of cultural encounters took place in this region. Since French and Spanish explorers wrote many of the original documents, we also developed language-learning tracks, making the software useful for teaching across a multiple-subject curriculum. The English language track takes students through a detailed presentation of historical and anthropological materials describing encounters between Native American communities and French, Spanish, and British explorers, traders, missionaries, and colonists in the Mississippi Valley during the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries. The CD-ROM organized these materials within the following subject models within the English track: Two Worlds, First Encounters, Views of the Land, Exchanges, Interactions, and Legacies. The French and Spanish tracks each provided four topical modules designed for enhancing foreign language skills while studying Native American and European encounters within the English track. THEORETICAL UNDERPINNINGS AND INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN STRATEGIES In recent years, many researchers have argued that the quality of technology-based learning is greatly impacted by the presence or absence of interactivity. Unfortunately, a concise definition for interactive learning does not exist. Therefore, we evaluated and chose an instructional design model by considering some of the seminal research on this subject. The following paragraphs summarize these ideas and explain how they are applied. In 1990, Moore proposed the theory of transactional distance, which established the basis for most current definitions of interactivity. Originally specific to distance education, this theory asserts that whenever direct access to the instructor is limited, three different types of interactions need to take place: learner-instructor interactions, learner-content interactions, and learner-learner interactions. Since limited access to the instructor is also a typical feature of technology-based learning environments Moore's ideas may also be applied to the development of this type courseware. Learner-instructor interactions provide a context for instructors to model and students to imitate discipline specific professional practice. …


At Universitas Sangga Buana Bandung, an assessment of lecturer performance has carried out by distributing questionnaires to students at the end of each semester exam. In general, lecturer performance appraisal has not yet assessed overall performance in the teaching process because it has not used lecturer performance appraisal standards. Competency aspects need to assess pedagogical competence, professional competency, personality competency, and social competency. This study's method uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process method to support the analysis and design of decision support systems that aim to assess lecturers' performance according to specific criteria. This system maps the evaluation criteria of lecturer performance into a hierarchy, where each hierarchy will be a pairwise comparison between criteria so that a comparison of the relative importance between the criteria obtained. With the modeling utilizing Unified Modeling Language, this research also designs user interface modeling in the proposed application program going forward.


Abstract The Syncrude Canada Limited Operation has been producing synthetic crude oil from a surface oilsand deposit since 1978. The Surface Mine currently supplies an average of 300,000 tonnes per day of ore to the Extraction plant utilizing a strip mining method with draglines, bucketwheel reclaimers, and conveyors. Overburden is removed in advance of the production operation by a large fleet of haul trucks and shovels at a rate of 210,000 tonnes a day. The waste product after bitumen recovery by the Extraction Plant is pumped as a slurry to the tailings disposal area. The Syncrude Mining organization has been successful over the past ten years in the start-up and operation of the Mine and Tailings areas, exceeding the aggressive production and unit cost targets on a consistent basis. This performance record has been accomplished by overcoming the complexities inherent in the Operation through the efforts of the operating and technical organizations. Some of the challenges and successes of the Mine and ...


Qualitative data is characterized by its subjectivity, richness, and comprehensive text-based information. Analyzing qualitative data is often a muddled, vague and time-consuming process. Qualitative data analysis is, the pursuing of the relationship between categories and themes of data seeking to increase the understanding of the phenomenon. Traditionally, researchers utilized colored pens to sort and then cut and categorized these data. The innovations in software technology designed for qualitative data analysis significantly diminish complexity and simplify the difficult task, and consequently make the procedure relatively bearable. NVivo, the qualitative data analysis software developed to manage the 'coding' procedures is considered the best in this regards. This article is devoted to demonstrate the methods in which NVivo can be employed in qualitative data analysis. Qualitative research has become widely accepted across a wide range of education science, including administrative, curriculum, and psychology research. This wide acceptance of qualitative research in education is attributed to large extent to the advantage of this type of research. Unlike the quantitative approach, qualitative inquiry is a method of research that describes phenomena based on the point of view of the informants, discovers multiple realities and develops holistic understanding of the phenomena within a particular context (1). It has been acknowledged that properly employing the qualitative data gleaned from face to face interviews, field observation and document analysis can lead the researcher to gain a deeper understanding of the problem than merely analyzing data on a large scale (2).


This paper presents experimental results of 1-g shaking table model tests on a 3×3 pile group behind a sheet-pile quay wall. The main purpose was to understand the mechanisms of liquefaction-induced large ground deformation and the behavior of the pile group subjected to the lateral soil displacement. The sheet-pile quay wall was employed to trigger the liquefaction-induced large deformation in the backfill, and a study was made of the effect of several parameters such as soil density, amplitude and frequency of input motion, pile head fixity, and superstructure on the magnitude of soil lateral displacement and the maximum lateral force of liquefied soil. Furthermore, distribution of the maximum lateral force within the group pile was thoroughly studied. It was found that the force varies depending on the position of individual piles in the group. To evaluate the contribution of each pile in the total lateral force, a new two-dimensional parameter that is called contribution index was introduced and recom...


A magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) simulator was developed to investigate the effects of eddy currents on MRI images.The simulator is based on the Bloch equation plus a mathematical eddy current model whose parameters were measured on a 0.3T permanent magnet MRI system.A modified spin-echo(SE) sequence with an additional gradient pulse was implemented to display the zero-order eddy currents caused ghosts on the SE images on this MRI system.Both the real and simulation images display Nyquist ghosts which are predicted from MRI principles.The Nyquist ghosts in real image are significantly suppressed by proper phase compensation predicted by the simulator.


This article offers a systemic analysis of apprenticeship for minors and child work. The analysis intends to shed light on the purpose that alternance training in apprenticeship may serve against early school leaving and minors' social exclusion, if understood as a pedagogical tool framed in the education and training system. The article highlights existing normative limitations to make this perspective actual.


Yuanqu Basin in central China is well-known for its rich Eocene mammals not only in China but also in the world. More than half a century workers both from China and abroad have done a lot in geology and paleontology. In recent years we found many important fossils not only in the old localites but also in several new ones. Among these new localites Huoshipo near Guojiazhuang Village, Wangmao Town, Yuanqu County is the most important one, where new primate and carnivorus fossils have been found. Hyrachyus sp., ?Lushilagus sp. and Propterodon irdinensis as well as primitive rodents existed in this locality demonstrate that there may be Middle Eocene Irdinmanhan deposit in Yuanqu Basin, which was unknown in the past. In the present paper these new and important localites and fossils are briefly introduced, and the whole and complete faunal lists (? middle Middle Eocene Irdinmanhan Guojiazhuang Fauna, late Middle Eocene Sharamurnnian Rencun Fauna, latest Middle Eocene Naduan Zhaili Fauna and ? Late Eocene Ulangochuan Nanbaotou Fauna) so far known are proposed (see Chinese text).


Learning preposition of place is important because they act as vital markers to the structure of sentence in indicating the specific location, position, and place. Putting the preposition word incorrectly would change the certain meaning of its content. This study is aimed to analyze the types of errors made by the eighth grade students at SMPN 3 Batu in using preposition of place and to know how the teacher coped with the errors made by the students.
In this study, the researcher used qualitative research design. The data was presented in form of descriptive analysis to describe the types of errors and the way how the teacher helped the students to cope with the errors. The subjects of this study were the eighth grade students of class H which consisted of thirty students and the English teacher. The data was gained through test, interview, and open-ended questionnaire. The steps of data analysis were preparing and organizing the data, exploring and coding, representing and reporting findings, interpreting the findings, and drawing conclusion. The results of this study have shown that there were many students who still found difficulties in using preposition and committed errors. The total frequency of errors in short answer test were 351 and 62 errors in sentences making test. The types of errors were omission errors as much as two errors, addition errors were thirteen errors, misformation errors were 43 errors, and misordering errors were four errors. Moreover, the way how the teacher helped their students to cope with the error were using jigsaw as a learning model and giving enrichment task along with individual explanation.


In this paper, a real-time simulation is performed to insure the continuous processing of an electrolytic tinning line (ETL). An ETL is modelled mathematically and a simple type of tension and speed controllers are designed to control the tension and speed of the strip to be within the tolerance error bound. The designed controller is implemented and tested by using a real-time simulation system which consists of 32 bit VME-based single board computers and a real-time operating system (VRTX).<<ETX>>


An integrable billiard system on a book, a complex of several billiard sheets glued together along the common spine, is considered. Each sheet is a planar domain bounded by arcs of confocal quadrics; it is known that a billiard in such a domain is integrable. In a number of interesting special cases of such billiards the Fomenko-Zieschang invariants of Liouville equivalence (marked molecules ) turn out to describe nontrivial toric foliations on lens spaces and on the 3-torus, which are isoenergy manifolds for these billiards. Bibliography: 18 titles.


A novel series of resveratrol modified by γ-aminobutyric acid esters were designed and synthesized. Then, the products were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and MS, and the melting point was determined. Molecular water solubility, polar surface area, and octanol-water partition were calculated, which correlated well with molecular transport through membranes and, therefore, enabled prediction of transport properties of drugs.


In 1952 the syndicat d'Initiatives: Les Amis de Roubaix published a small brochure in which the city of Roubaix, in Northern france, close to the border with Belgium, presented itself to the wider public. Much attention was paid to its industry, past and present, with special attention to the very recent second world war and the Resistance movement. Roubaix appealed to three artists: Jean-Joseph weerts, Remy Cogghe and Albert de Jaeger. Immigrants or people of Belgian extraction have been integrated into the history and the historical self-image of the department of the North and its principal cities, emerging in some cases as leading protagonists in the region's history. This confirms the conclusions drawn from the history of weerts and Cogghe, namely that the Belgian presence in the North was considered an essential part of contemporary history, and a determining factor of local identity as it was constructed and perceived. Keywords:artists; Belgian immigrants; factory workers; historical culture; Northern france; Roubaix


The magnetization measurements of Hg 0.89 Mn 0.11 Te sample grown by vertical Bridgman method have been carried out at 5 K under external field from -5200 to 5200 kA/m, and at 800 kA/m from 5 to 300 K with zero-field-cooling and field-cooling respectively using the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. Based on the mean field theory, a modified Brillouin function is well fitted with the data of magnetization vs magnetic field over the entire magnetic field range. The analysis indicates that there is an antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between Mn ions. The results of reciprocal susceptibility vs temperature show Curie-Weiss behaviors at temperatures above 40 K and a deviation from the Curie-Weiss law at temperatures from 5 to 40 K, which shows that the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between Mn ions increases with decreasing temperature. The result was explained by extending higher-order terms in the calculation of susceptibility. Hg 0.89 Mn 0.11 Te is a paramagnetic material in temperature range from 5 to 300 K.


The title molecule, C 13 H 20 NO 3 + .0.5SO 4 2- .2H 2 O, consists of two six-membered condensed rings with the tert-butyl group in position 2. The aliphatic ring is in an envelope conformation. The five-atom planar part of the ring and the plane of the aromatic ring make an angle of 171.5 (1) o with respect to each other. The tert-butyl group is equatorial in relation to the ring. The sulfate ion lies on the twofold axis. The structure contains a three dimensional net of hydrogen bonds


Ingestion, growth and metamorphosis of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, larvae were studied under controlled conditions of food density and temperature using a combination of a flow-through rearing system and a hydrobiological monitoring device. In a first experiment larvae were exposed to three different phytoplankton densities (12, 20 and 40 cells μl-1) while in a second trial larvae were reared at five different temperatures (17, 22, 25, 27 and 32°C). Both food concentration and temperature significantly affected the larval physiology throughout the entire development from D-veliger to young spat. Larvae survived over a wide range of both environmental parameters with high survival at the end of experiments. The feeding functional response provided the maximal ingestion rate (50 000 cells larva-1 day-1) which occurred at an algal density of 20 cells μl-1 surrounding the larvae and 25 °C. At the highest temperature (32 °C), maximal growth and metamorphosis performances were reached in less than 2 weeks while the lowest temperature (17°C) consistently inhibited ingestion and growth over the entire larval period. The estimate of the Arrhenius temperature (TA) was 11000 K for C. gigas larvae. Larval development could be divided on the basis of feeding activity into an initial mixotrophic period with a lower and constant ingestion over the first days (from Dstage to early umbonate larva of ≈110 μm length) followed by an exotrophic phase characterized by a sharp increase in ingestion (umbonate to eyed of ≈ 300 μm length) and, finally, a third period for larvae 300 μm during which ingestion decreased suddenly because of metamorphosis. Optimum larval development and settlement of the oyster C. gigas occurred at 27 °C and an increasing food supply as the larvae were growing. A food density of ≥20 cells μl-1 of T-ISO + CP or CG (1:1 cells number) in the culture water was required to maximise growth and metamorphosis success.


From the Publisher:
Coverage of specific technologies available that represent the cutting-edge in evidence gathering and collection through established information networks
- Introduces professionals to case studies illustrating real-world applications of data mining to law enforcement and investigators
- Illustrates current and future data mining uses in preventative law enforcement, criminal profiling, counter-terrorist initiatives, and forensic science
- Includes numerous diagrams and screen captures to illustrate the use of these technologies


Venous hypertension of the upper extremity first received attention with Hughes' review in 1949. It usually results from central vein stenosis or valvular incompetence in the arterovenous (AV) access outflow vein. The aetiology of central venous stenosis related to hemodialysis (15–20% of cases) is most often initiated by the placement of an indwelling catheter that leads to an injury to the venous wall. This in turn leads to a fibrotic reaction, thrombosis, and in a partial or complete occlusion of the subclavian vein. If the AV access is placed ipsilateral to the subclavian occlusion, and the collateral circulation is not adequate, increased venous pressure ensues (10–40% of cases), with possible symptoms of venous hypertension in the arm. The true incidence may not be appreciated, as asymptomatic patients may have an underlying central vein stenosis, but approximately 50% of asymptomatic dialysis patients when routinely screened are affected. There are three possible outcomes of central venous occlusion in the presence of ipsilateral AV access: (i) the patient remains asymptomatic due to adequate venous collaterals; (ii) remains asymptomatic because it develops a thrombosis of the AV access; or (iii) undergoes a venous hypertension due to a patent access of the AV access in the presence of inadequate collaterals. The more proximal the inflow to the access, the higher the flow and the more symptoms the patient experiences. In addition, increased venous pressures in the presence of incompetent venous valves distally in the arm lead to higher distal venous pressure and development of symptoms (especially after side-to-side anastomoses) (Fig. 1). The sequelae of venous hypertension include distal extremity swelling that can be severe, bluish discoloration, pigmentation of the skin (Fig. 1), and, in advanced cases, ulceration of the finger tips and neuralgias. Our patient developed venous hypertension in the left hand 1 month after the creation of an AVF. The surgeons performed a latero-lateral anastomosis between the radial artery and the radial vein but neglecting the closure of the proximal segment of the (efferent) radial vein. Pathophysiology is intuitive. Part of the arterial output diverted into the venous system throughout the anastomosis was pumped towards the heart, whereas the remaining blood output was flushed peripherally, leading to venous hypertension and hyperplasia. The patient did not refer any symptom.


New research from Datamonitor shows that the UK's leading energy utilities will have widely varying exposures to the wholesale gas markets in 2005 and beyond. Furthermore, another wholesale price spike will prove expensive for them and, ultimately their customers, writes Datamonitor Analyst Andrew Hill.


A series of 1,5‐diphenyl‐3‐alkoxy (or acyloxy)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazoles were synthesized and assayed in the rat adjuvant induced arthritis model. Some compounds show significant anti‐inflammatory activity.


The present study was undertaken to compare the cross reactive potentiality of expressed recombinant protein (LipL41) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen of leptospira against different serovars of leptospira. Antigens from both recombinant LipL41 and the isolated LPS from Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae were coated in latex beads and used to test the human sera samples of different serovars of leptospira using field based latex agglutination test. Recombinant antigen showed strong cross reaction with different serovars of leptospira, whereas LPS antigen showed very mild cross reaction with few serovars. This clearly indicates that outer membrane protein cross reacted with heterologous serovars and can be used as effective diagnostic agent as well as candidate antigen for development of vaccine for leptospira.


Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Some elementary properties of the Mahler measure 4 2.1 Polynomials of the form A(x)y 7 Elliptic curves with complex multiplication 26 7.1 The curve y 2 = x


The invention discloses an anionic emulsifier, and a preparation method and application thereof. The anionic emulsifier is prepared from sulfanilic acid, epoxy active diluent and epoxy resin according to a mol ratio of 1: 1: 1.05-1.15. Specifically, the preparation method comprises a step of preparing the anionic emulsifier with a solid content of 50 to 55% from epoxy resin, epoxy active diluent and sulfanilic acid under the catalysis of triphenyl phosphine. The structure of the anionic emulsifier provided by the invention is unique and innovative; and a benzenesulfonate group, an epoxy group (provided by the epoxy resin) and a lipophilic chain segment are introduced into a same molecule, so excellent emulsification performance of the anionic emulsifier is guaranteed, and the anionic emulsifier can be ideally applied to epoxy emulsion. The anionic emulsifier is a reactive anionic emulsifier and has strong emulsification and epoxidation capacity; and the anionic emulsifier can crosslink with an epoxy hardener so as to reduce the mobility of the anionic emulsifier in a paint film, so influence on water resistance is reduced.


OBJECTIVE To establish a method for the evaluation of the uncertainty of the content determination of metformin hydrochloride in metformin hydrochloride tablets by UV.METHODS The model for evaluation of the uncertainty was established in measurement were analyzed.The influencing factors on the uncertainty in the procedure of the content determination were evaluated,including repeatability of results of measurements,the weight of sample,the dilated volume of sample,the measurement by ultraviolet visible absorption spectroscopy.RESULTS The expanded uncertainty U95 was 2.7%,the coverage factor was 2.CONCLUSION To make the measurement under control,the more reliable results of the measurement could be obtained when the measure was optimized by magnitude analysis all standard uncertainty.


Excessive crusting and scaling on the skin and/or in the coat are common clinical signs in the dog. This article attempts to clarify some of the terminology used to describe crusting and scaling. Examples of primary and secondary disorders are described, as well as conditions associated with follicular casts. A second article will consider secondary crusting and scaling disorders and a suggested diagnostic approach to the disorders as a whole.


Taking into account that risk management is understood to be the process by which events are identified, evaluated and controlled or preventive actions are taken to avoid possible events that threaten the functioning of the organization, and in this way certain measures are established which lead to a continuous monitoring so that the possible events are not carried out, that is why a mathematical model is proposed that supported with software such as MS Excel, which is used to perform calculations mathematicians allowing a higher percentage to be obtained to be more successful the result, this in turn is an input factor for the data obtained to be presented in a Dashboard panel, generating greater efficiency in the decision making by organizations, It also allows the observations of senior management to be a little more objective, with which conclusions and recommendations can be reached. pro of continuous improvement and mitigation of risks by the parties involved and thus select the appropriate procedures, thus contributing to a better image in the competitive market in which the organization intervenes.


Holling, Diversity and Stability in Ecological Systems (report and symposium held 26-28 May 1969 at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, N.Y.)]. 21. A. Alland, Evolution and Human Behavior (Doubleday, Garden City N.J., 1973). 22. G. Hardin, Science 162, 1243 (1968). 23. H. G. Barnett, Innovation: The Basis of Culture Change (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1953). 24. R. Firth, J. R. Anthropol. Inst. 85, 1 (1955). 25. For a comparable listing, see H. A. Selby, Biennial Review of Anthropology, B. Siegel and A. Beals, Eds. (Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, Calif., 1972)]. 26. R. Redfield, The Primitive World and Its Transformations (Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, N.Y., 1953). 27. A random selection of articles on instrumental cultural anthropology is as follows. F. Barth, Am. Anthropol. 69, 661 (1967); M. D. Sahlins, in Essays in Economic Anthropology, J. Helm, Ed. (American Ethnological Society and Univ. of Washington Press, Seattle, 1964), p. 95; J. W. Bennett, Southwest. J. Anthropol. 24, 276 (1968); R. E. Rhoades and S. I. Thompson, Am. Ethnol. 2, 535 (1975); J. Westermeyer, Am. Anthropol. 75, 123 (1973); R. M. Netting, in Annual Review ofAnthropology, B. Siegel, Ed. (Annual Reviews, Palo Alto, Calif., 1974), p. 21; T. H. Hay, Am. Anthropol. 75, 708 (1973); G. Britan and B. S. Denich, Am. Ethnol. 3, 55 (1976); L. A. Despres, in The New Ethnicity: Perspectives from Ethnology, J. W. Bennett, Ed. (American Ethnological Society and West Publishing, St. Paul, Minn., 1975), p. 127; N. Whitten and D. Whitten, in Annual Review ofAnthropology, B. Siegel, Ed. (Annual Reviews, Palo Alto, Calif., 1972), p. 247. 28. "Instrumental anthropology," with its concern for rational or purposive behavior, would appear to be concerned with phenomena similar to that contained in Daniel Bell's "techno-economic" domain; and my "interpretive anthropology" appears similar to that in Bell's "culture," or "expressive symbolic" domain of contemporary society. Bell's third domain, "polity," or the field of social control, is echoed in my emphasis on "policy" as a consequence of applying adaptational analysis to social behavior. However, I read Bell's book after completing this article and there has been no effort to bring concepts in line with his thesis [D. Bell, The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism (Basic Books, New York, 1976)]. 29. F. Boas, in Freedom: Its Meaning, R. N. Anshen, Ed. (Harcourt Brace, New York, 1940). 30. C. S. Belshaw, The Sorcerer's Apprentice: An Anthropology of Public Policy (Pergamon, New York, 1976).


This paper describes an indoor monitoring system based on Atmega128L, which uses the temperature, smoke and carbon monoxide sensor to collect indoor danger signals, analyzes the field data collected wireless transceiver device and a central processing unit composed by Atmega128L and NRF24L01 single chip, and meanwhile transmits the information to a small control room, making abnormal indoor information processed timely.


This paper constitutes an attempt to explore and consider some pertinent management problems associated with planning a highly diversified research program. Research-planning methodology is defined as a broad plan for utilizing an ordered set of principles and/or procedures which describe, quantify, and evaluate areas and categories of research in accordance with their respective contributions to a research mission. Application of these pertinent principles, procedures, and techniques lead to a determination for the allocation of resources in a manner such that the expenditure of effort and resources may be said to constitute a well-ordered and balanced program. Examples of questions posed to this system are indicated and algorithms for methods of solution are illustrated.


The Pareto dominance relation of a preference profile is (the asymmetric part of) a partial order. For any integer n, the problem of the existence of an n-agent preference profile that generates the given Pareto dominance relation is to investigate the dimension of the partial order. We provide a characterization of a partial order having dimension n in general.


The heat transfer intensity through the separation wall in Leontiev tubes depends on many factors, in particular, the thermal resistance of the separation wall and the external thermal resistances of the near-wall thermal boundary layers. The thermal resistance of the separation wall can be reduced by choosing a highly conductive material and by reducing the wall thickness. External thermal resistances can be reduced by enhancing heat transfer, in particular, by means of finning. In this paper, a theoretical study was carried out on the influence of the thermal resistance of the separation wall, as well as finning on the part of the supersonic and subsonic channels of the Leontiev tube on the efficiency of energy separation.


In this paper, a converter-based dc microgrid is studied. By considering the impact of each component in dc microgrids on system stability, a multistage configuration is employed, which includes the source stage, interface converter stage between buses, and common load stage. In order to study the overall stability of the above dc microgrid with constant power loads (CPLs), a comprehensive small-signal model is derived by analyzing the interface converters in each stage. The instability issue induced by the CPLs is revealed by using the criteria of impedance matching. Meanwhile, virtual-impedance-based stabilizers are proposed in order to enhance the damping of dc microgrids with CPLs and guarantee the stable operation. Since droop control is commonly used to reach proper load power sharing in dc microgrids, its impact is taken into account when testing the proposed stabilizers. By using the proposed stabilizers, virtual impedances are employed in the output filters of the interface converters in the second stage of the multistage configuration. In particular, one of the virtual impedances is connected in series with the filter capacitor, and the other one is connected at the output path of the converter. It can be seen that by using the proposed stabilizers, the unstable poles induced by the CPLs are forced to move into the stable region. The proposed method is verified by the MATLAB/Simulink model of multistage dc microgrids with three distributed power generation units.


Like many of the readers of this journal, I suspect, I lament the decline - in fact, the virtual disappearance - of the history of economic thought (HET henceforth) from the education of professional economists.


Inthis paper weprovide anewmethodology toquantify theimpact ofoptical burst reordering inOBSnetworks ontheTCP/IP end-to-end performance. We assume amulti-layer network stack consisting onTCP/IP ontopof OBS.We propose amulti-layer analysis ofburst andpacket reordering that isrealized bysimulation. We apply thepacket reordering definition oftheIETFIPPMworking groupandusetwodifferent reorder metrics for precise characterization ofreordering. We identify thekeyparameters inaburst andpacket reordering scenario andpoint outTCPcritical scenarios. We found that OBSonlyhasanimpact ontheTCPperformance invery dedicated scenarios.


By combining phase modulation and dispersive transmission on a given time-varying in- put signal, we propose an optical device for produc- ing ultrashort light pulses of high optical power. We derive the relationship between the required proper- ties of the input signal and the device parameters in order to optimize the energy concentration in the output optical pulses. The high-order aberrations effects of the time lens which perform the phase modulation are considered. Besides, the differences on the obtained pulse shape when the input signal has a gaussian or a super-gaussian envelope are illus- trated. Finally, some numerical simulations are shown which illustrate the feasibility of the method. Keynotes — Optical fiber devices, Optical pulse compression.


Entrepreneurship education is a new educational philosophy in the history of the development of college education,which is an important measure to cultivate college students' innovative spirit and creative ability,and the inevitable requirement of college's reform and development.Experiential entrepreneurship education is a new kind of personnel training methods,a new way to promote the employment of university students,the quality of education and higher education teaching reform.


On soaking in 0.7 M thiourea dissolved in Ringer,in some 15 minutes, the toad sartorius muscle lost its responsiveness to stimulation.After return to normal Ringer,its ability to give electrical response both to direct and to indirect stimulation could be largely restored,though,as judged by the values of the resting and action potentials,the recovery found was never quite complete.However,while the electrical excitability returned,there was no corresponding recovery of contractility:even after transferring the muscle back to normal Ringer for more than 30 hours,it still could not give any contractile response either to electrical stimulation or to potassium chlo- ride depolarization.Futhermore,thiourea could also abolish the ability of the glyceri- nated muscle fibers to shorten under the action of ATP.These results indicate that thiourea probably has direct action on the contractile protein system.


Managing critical bleeding with massive transfusion (MT) requires a multidisciplinary team, often physically separated, to perform several simultaneous tasks at short notice. This places a significant cognitive load on team members, who must maintain situational awareness in rapidly changing scenarios. Similar resuscitation scenarios have benefited from the use of clinical decision support (CDS) tools.


In the present study, the entrance length, velocity profiles and waveforms of developing transitional steady flows in a square duct are investigated analytically and experimentally. The systems of conservation equations for transitional steady duct flows are solved analytically by linearizing non-linear convective terms and adoption of modified eddy viscosity from empirical correlations. Analytical solutions of velocity profiles for developing transitional steady flow were obtained in the form of infinite series. The experimental study for transitional steady flow in a square duct with 40㎜ × 40㎜ × 4000㎜(width × height × length) was carried out to measure velocity profiles and other parameters by using a hot-wire anemometer with data acquisition and processing system. The entrance length of developing transitional steady flows in a square duct was Le ≒ 0.02ㆍRe,stㆍDh, and the overshoot was occured at about 30 times of hydraulic diameter because of the effect of external velocity of boundary layer and instantaneous acceleration.


This study is an extension of MR fluid (MR fluid: liquid glycerol polymer with magnetic-particles) applications on MEMS devices [1-2], presenting a novel moving technology for MR fluid using the rotation of chainlike magnetic particles (Fig.1). When driven by in-plane dynamic magnetic field, the chainlike magnetic particles inside MR fluid are rotated out-of-plane and further encourage the motion of MR fluid (Fig.1b). MR fluid movement speed and direction can be modulated by (1) weight fraction and chain length of magnetic powder; (2) strength and angular speed of applied magnetic field (Fig.1b); (3) pattern of spiral channel (Fig.1c-d). MR fluid movements are demonstrated on three PDMS dome shaped substrates [3] with no channel, clockwise spiral and counterclockwise spiral channels (Fig.1b-d). Measurement results are summarized in Table 1. Detail investigations are still required to quantitatively predict and precisely control the movement of the MR fluid.


Spin waves have been studied experimentally and by simulations in 1000 nm side equilateral triangular Permalloy dots in the Buckle state (B, with in-plane field along the triangle base) and the Y state (Y, with in-plane field perpendicular to the base). The excess of exchange energy at the triangles edges creates channels that allow effective spin wave propagation along the edges inthe B state. These quasi one-dimensional spin waves emitted by the vertex magnetic charges gradually transform from propagating to standing due to interference and(as pointed out by simulations) areweakly affected by smallvariations of the aspect ratio(from equilateral to isosceles dots) or by interdot dipolar interaction present in our dot arrays. Spin waves excited in the Y state have mainly a two-dimensional character.Propagation of the spin waves along the edge states in triangular dots opens possibilities for creation of new and versatile spintronic devices.


The use of individual vehicles is becoming more and more important in inner cities, leading to many side problems such as traffic jam, air pollution and accidents. Intelligent vehicles have been studied so as to overcome these problems. Some solutions provided by these works are already available to the general public market such as city safety systems, lane assists,... Many research works are focusing on finding suitable and acceptable solutions to these problems and dealing with traffic jam management. The proposal can tackle the traffic jam problem whether on system level or on individual vehicle providing better control and perception systems aimed at reducing time response and/or at increasing the road capacity.On the vehicle side, one promising solutions is vehicles platoons (vehicles-train) making possible a huge reduction of the longitudinal distance between vehicles and thus allowing an increase of roads capacity. Basically, two main trends can be found literature. On one side, global approaches are based on a common reference frame, generally tied to the vehicles playground, shared by all vehicles of the train. Then, each vehicle behaves according to this shared reference which can be either the trajectory of the first vehicle of the train or a reference trajectory built offline. On the other side, local approaches are based on vehicle local perception abilities. Some methods, based on classical control algorithms or physical-inspired and inter-vehicular interaction link, are developed.Despite numerous research works on this subject, which are focusing on individual vehicle control, few of them consider the platoon control solution on the system point of view. However, this system point of view is particularly important when several platoons have to share the road network and meet at critical nodes such as crossroads and roundabouts. This introduces new issues such as (1) how to organize vehicles and trains of vehicle, (2) the interactions between trains of vehicles and (3) the strategies of sharing the road infrastructure efficient, reliable and safe. Solving these problems will then allow considering vehicles-train solution as a good candidate for solving traffic flow issues at transportation system level.The goal of this thesis is to propose an approach, based on multi-agent paradigm, which aims at dealing with systems level issues focusing mainly on intersections between vehicles-trains of vehicles. Thus, we propose a cooperative control system which relies on multi-level decision processes aimed at dealing with the interaction of platoons at road network nodes. This cooperative control system allows both to maintain the coherence and the safety condition of each involved train of vehicles and to adapt each train components behavior so as to make train shared the road, and especially roundabouts and crossroads, efficiently (i.e. without stopping any vehicle). This cooperative control system is divided into three different levels. The global train state is managed at the train-level decision process based on the train level perceptions. The vehicle-level process makes the decision concerning each individual vehicle according to data provided by the train-level and to the interaction between vehicles. Finally, the motor-level process makes the link between the vehicle-level command and hardware level of vehicles. In this thesis, we focus on the train-level and vehicle-level. When encountering, trains exchange information such as one part of their perceptions.Besides the goal of having an efficient approach so as to enable several vehicles-trains to share the road infrastructure, we also strategies to transform the meetings of vehicles-trains at road nodes into reconfiguration spots where trains can reconfigure and recombine.The developed algorithm are tested in simulation so as to obtain proper evaluation of our proposal using suitable indicators.


A field experiment was conducted during 1994 and 1995 to study the effect of compaction and potassium on changes in soil physical properties, yield, quality and potassium utilization efficiency by tomato and chilli crops. The results indicated that subsurface compaction increased the bulk density and moisture content whereas the saturated hydraulic conductivity was decreased during both cropping periods. Subsurface compaction and levels of potassium significantly increased the yield of tomato and chilli crops. The total soluble solid, ascorbic acid and potassiun content in tomato; potassium and capsaicin content in chilli fruits; K-utilization efficiency in both the crops were also significantly influenced by the levels of compaction and potassium.


Polymeric materials often undergo large inhomogeneous deformations at high rates during their use in various impact-resistant energy-absorbing applications. For better design of such structures, a comprehensive understanding of high-rate deformation under various loading modes is essential. In this study, the behavior of polycarbonate was studied during tensile loading at high strain rates, using a splitcollar type split Hopkinson tension bar (SHTB). The effects of varying strain rate, overall imposed strain magnitude and specimen geometry on the mechanical response were examined. The chronological progression of deformation was captured with a high-speed rotating mirror CCD camera. The deformation mechanics were further studied via finite element simulations using the ABAQUS/Explicit code together with a recently developed constitutive model for high-rate behavior of glassy polymers. The mechanisms governing the phenomena of large inhomogeneous elongation, single and double necking, and the effects of material constitutive behavior on the characteristics of tensile deformation are presented.


This panel aims to explore selected cases of smart city projects to improve our understanding of the critical institutional factors and processes that lead to effective and sustainable smart city outcomes. This panel discusses compelling smart city cases, including Busan Metropolitan City, Songdo, Gimpo, and Namyang-ju. These cases apply different approaches to run smart city practices that are characterized as either a large-scale, top-down, capital-intensive and hardware-focused smart city project or a small-scale, bottom-up, less capital-intensive and data-training focused (as opposed to hardware-focused) smart city project. This panel will highlight the varying outcomes and impacts of different smart city approaches and identify key institutional factors and strategies that contribute to effective and sustainable smart city outcomes.


ABSTRACT In this paper, a novel pipeline time-to-digital converter (TDC) is presented which employs dual-slope analog interpolation and time amplification techniques for digitizing the time interval between two input signals. The proposed converter will be a 9-bit pipeline TDC which contains three 2.5 b/stage TDCs based on analog interpolation and a delay line TDC stage. The proposed converter features low circuit complexity, low sensitivity to temperature, power supply and process (PVT) variations, and high accuracy compared with the TDCs that have previously been proposed. This converter improves the resolution and the dynamic range. Also, the converter reduces the active chip area, the power consumption, and the figure of merit. In addition, the integral nonlinearity and differential nonlinearity errors are improved. In order to evaluate the idea, the proposed TDC is designed in TSMC 0.18μm CMOS technology and simulated. Comparison of the theoretical and simulation results confirms the benefits of the proposed TDC.


The Monthly Wholesale and Retail Trade Survey (MWRTS) is currently a sample survey of about 30,000 sampled units that are in the retail or wholesale sector of Canada. This Statistics Canada survey collects monthly data on sales and inventories and estimates are produced at various province and industry levels. The estimates derived from the survey form a substantial portion of the quarterly estimates of Gross Domestic Product. They also play a key role in determining the equalisation payments that are made to each province. The MWRTS is in the midst of a multi-year redesign. Based on the experiences with the current survey, resources have been dedicated to make the redesigned MWRTS produce good quality monthly estimates by paying special attention to births, deaths and classification changes which can occur each month and impact the estimates. Although the current MWRTS has the mechanism to rotate, the redesigned survey is looking at other ways of rotating the sample keeping in mind the effect on the monthto-month change estimates. The last MWRTS redesign took place in 1988. New developments since then will result in gains in efficiency (in maintaining estimate quality and in easing response burden) if they are incorporated in the redesigned MWRTS. This paper summarises the options considered for both sample maintenance and rotation systems. The paper concludes with our recommendations for the redesigned MWRTS.


The article aims at proposing a high-level market design supporting the functioning of the architecture for frequency and voltage control created for the Web-of-Cells power grid structure, which itself was developed within the FP7 IRP ELECTRA. Particularly, it provides a comparison of different market designs and suggests a hybrid approach to the market design for the power system functioning beyond 2020. The feature of the developed market design is the sequential positioning of different timescale sub-markets over the time, the establishment of the market for balancing and voltage control based on the principles of the competitive market and the implementation of the cascading procurement principle in this sub-market. As such, the developed market design is requested for the establishment of the final Merit Order lists of the functionalities of the architecture for frequency and voltage control.


using The molar conductance of 10 -3 M complex in was conducted using ABSTRACT Novel metal complexes of Cd(II) and Hg(II) with Isoniazid and Benzoate ion have been synthesized by microwave assisted method. The Synthesized complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, metal estimation, molar conductance, cyclic voltammetry and spectral methods viz., UV-visible, IR, Far-IR and NMR. The elemental analysis and metal estimation of the complexes show that 1:1:2 ratio of composition of metal and each ligands. The molar conductance values indicate the non-electrolyte (1:0 types) of the complexes. The redox properties of the metal complexes were investigated by electrochemical method using cyclic voltammogram. The complexes exhibited quasi-reversible one electron transfer reaction. The tetrahedral geometry from UV spectra and the metal ions coordinate in a bidentate mode of Isoniazid and monodentate mode of benzoate ion from IR and metal linked atom from Far-IR spectral data were deduced. The 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectra of diamagnetic metal ions in complexes was carried out, the chemical shift indicating the mode of coordination of ligands to the metal ions. Moreover it is concluded that isoniazid acts as a bidentate ligand, coordinating through hydrazinic nitrogen and carbonyl oxygen. The biological activity of the ligand and its complexes were tested by the antibacterial strains of Actinobacter and Salmonella typhi , antifungal strains of Aspergillus Niger and Candida albicans. The biological activities confirm that these metal complexes are more potent than of the free ligand.


This paper describes a new method of 3-D object recognition and pose estimation. Firstly, our method extracts 2.5-D information from input sequential images with epipolar equations. In the next, rising the similarity of the relation of feature points between the input image and models, the pose of the object in the scene and positions of feature points are extracted. Thirdly, clusterring of six degree feature space, pose and position, are examined with vectors of feature points calculated in the previous step. And pose and position estimation is engaged with several models in the database. Finally the object in the scene is recognized as the model which has the largest certainty factor of pose and position estimation. Experimental results show our proposed method is robust from noise and complex background in the image.


As the greenhouse effect is an imminent concern, motivation for the development of energy efficient systems has grown fast. Today heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) account for a growing part of the emissi ...


The multi-facility generalization of the Weber problem is used as a point of departure from which to examine a number of conceptual issues of location-allocation models. The restrictive assumption that consumers are allocated to their nearest facility is relaxed; an alternative formulation incorporating a spatial interaction model is outlined. Furthermore, it is argued that perfectly inelastic demand formulations should also be extended, because effected consumer utilization is directly dependent on the pattern of facilities, particularly the distance consumers have to travel to reach the facilities. The final characteristic of static models to be considered is multi-level formulations, and it is suggested that this could provide a means to develop dynamic models.


Highlights. The clinical case report describes the important role of MRI in the perinatal diagnosis of dural sinus thrombosis, timely verification of the diagnosis, differential diagnosis with other vascular and tumor formations of the brain.Abstract. Dural sinus thrombosis (DST) is a rare congenital anomaly. Ultrasound findings usually mimic intracranial tumors. As a result, the condition is often misdiagnosed and its frequency in general population is underestimated. According to literature data, the progression of DST is a favorable prognosis in case of absence of other concomitant pathologies of the fetal brain. We present a case of DST that was detected with ultrasound, and verified by numerous pre and postnatal MRI starting from 22 weeks of gestation till 4 years of life. A case with a favorable neurological outcome, postnatal ventriculosubgaleal shunting, and ventriculoperitoneal shunting was followed with MRI and CT before and after interventions. The aspects of differential diagnosis, factors determining prognosis are presented. The presented case demonstrates a significant role of fetal MRI in DST diagnosis, depiction of the internal structure of the expanded sinus, and exclusion of concomitant pathology of the brain. These MRI data are integral in determining the appropriate perinatal management, and can be used as predictors of the favorable neurological outcome despite of the severity and size of prenatally diagnosed DSТ.


This report examines major issues facing the heat and water sectors in the Ukraine, considers options for addressing the issues, and provides recommendations on priority policy measures. The first chapter of the report assesses investment needs of the sectors and lists financing options to be developed for addressing the investment backlog accumulated by the sectors over the past decade. The other two chapters are dedicated to the main issues to be overcome if the sectors are to attract financing for meeting the investment needs. Specifically, the second chapter identifies major causes of the unviable operation of the sectors and develops recommendations on how to make the heat and water utilities financially viable. The third and last chapter highlights the importance of an effective regulatory framework for balancing interests of the sector stakeholders and provides recommendations for developers of the framework. Moreover, it stresses the need to improve the governance of sector utilities at a municipal level and presents some options on how to introduce principles of corporate governance in the management of utilities and take the advantage of various forms of the public private partnership. Each chapter is preceded by a summary highlighting major issues and required policy measures to address them. The executive summary identifies crosscutting issues and specifies conditions under which reform efforts could succeed.


A comparison was made of seven recognized adjuvants, Freund's incomplete and complete, alhydrogel, Corynebacterium parvum, Bordetella pertussis, muramyl dipeptide and saponin, administered with BSA or SRBC by the S.C. route of immunization. Strong selectivity as well as differences in potency were revealed in relation to these two antigens. Only FIA, FCA, alhydrogel and MDP promoted the primary response to 50 microgram of BSA, and FIA was significantly superior to FCA. Immunological memory to a low dose (0.5 microgram) of BSA, which did not evoke a primary response with any adjuvant, was potentiated by alhydrogel and by MDP and, relatively poorly, by FIA. Radioimmunoelectrophoresis showed that potentiation of the response with MDP was confined to IgG1, whereas alhydrogel, FIA and FCA stimulated both IgG1 and IgG2. Saponin was outstandingly the best adjuvant for both primary and secondary haemagglutinin responses to SRBC. Of the others, alhydrogel for the primary, and alhydrogel and B. pertussis for the secondary were active to a lesser degree. The results show that the relative potency of adjuvants differs markedly according to the antigen used, and suggest that saponin may be a particularly effective adjuvant for antigens in cell membranes.


This study examines how religiosity, network homophily, and self-monitoring relate to social and Facebook-specific anxiety, role conflict, and Facebook intensity. Correlation analyses indicate a connection between Facebook use and anxiety, as well as a link between religiosity and anxiety. We found that role conflict correlates with Facebook intensity, Facebook-specific anxiety, and social anxiety. Regarding religiosity, those who prefer a literal interpretation of the Bible, attend church more frequently, and pray more often have higher anxiety. Facebookers who are higher self-monitors have a less homophilous Facebook network and are less likely to identify their religious views on Facebook.


Aiming at the problem of long-timescale prediction deviation in the distribution network, a fast regulation strategy of cloud-edge coordination based on an intelligent transformer supply zones edge consistency algorithm is proposed. The cloud makes the global initial optimal allocation to the edge transformer supply zone clusters, and then the cluster makes the secondary collaborative optimal allocation to the edge zones. A fast power interaction model within a cluster based on a consensus algorithm is established, and the micro-increase rate of dispatching cost is used as the consistency variable so that the cluster adjustment amount is optimally allocated to each transformer supply zone, and the total dispatch cost of all transformer supply zones is minimized. The simulation example verifies the effectiveness of the cloud-edge collaborative fast control strategy based on the intelligent station cluster edge consensus algorithm in this article.


A new analysis method for nonlinear circuits is presented. By representing nonlinear components with one- or two-dimensional series of orthogonal polynomials, circuits are analyzed solely in frequency domain. Improvement in computing efficiency is such that microwave circuits with multiple independent excitation frequencies can be analyzed on a microcomputer. As an example, intermodulation analysis of a MESFET mixer is presented.


We report the case of an asthmatic man with HIV infection who was initially diagnosed with HIV treatment‐associated lipodystrophy. Further investigations showed he had Cushing's syndrome secondary to 1600 μg of budesonide dry powder inhaler. Cushing's syndrome has not been reported previously on this normal dose of inhaled budesonide.


This paper presents an empirical analysis of the link between damages and patent value, based on information from suits filed during the period from 2008 to 2013 at the French district courts. Our results show that patent damage awards attributed by French judges are significatively linked to patent quality as assessed from a statistical point of view but this link is imperfect.


Organizational culture plays a critical role in the success of patient safety initiatives because it has an effect on resource provision, and the development of structures and processes of care render. However, a better understanding of the relationship between organizational culture and patient safety could reveal whether aspects of general organizational culture predispose some hospitals to better safety climate. Thus this study aims to determine organizational culture that promotes patient safety at Main Mansura University Hospital and Mansoura International Specialized Hospital. The study sample consists of all nurses (n=196 nurses) in inpatient units at Main Mansura University Hospital and 188 nurses at Mansoura International Specialized Hospital. Two tools were used for data collection, namely; Organizational Culture Inventory (OCI) and Patient Safety Climate in Healthcare Organizations Questionnaire (PSCHO). The study findings indicated that there is a significant correlation between different organizational culture especially constructive culture and patient safety in both selected hospitals. As most nurses reported that the primary factor that influence patient safety climate was management support patient safety. It was recommended further studies are needed to explore the impact of mix of organizational culture on patient safety climate. Tanta Scientific Nursing Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 November 2011 45 Introduction Patient safety continues to be a major concern for healthcare system consumers and providers while hospitals struggle with declining revenues and climbing costs (1) . Healthcare delivery is a complex system, and patient safety must be improved on multiple levels (2, 3) . Healthcare Organizations are now becoming aware of the importance of measuring and transforming organizational culture to ensure patient safety because one important area of patient safety information is the organizational culture (4) Organizational culture and management play a critical role in the success of quality management and patient safety initiatives because both have an effect on resource provision, the development of structures and processes, the implementation of change, responses to error reporting, and use of evidence-based practices. Safety patient culture is a part of organizational culture (5,6). In other words, organizational culture in health care represents the context in which care is delivered to the patient (7) Organizational culture is an abstract construct that is often define as a set of shared attitudes, values, beliefs and norms that characterized the functioning or guides the behavior of a group or organization. Amore broad view the culture is one that Includes the following four components; shared mental content which includes attitudes, values, beliefs, and priorities or goals; norms which institutions which includes language, traditions, behavior patterns, or practices; institutions which includes positions, committees, and programs; which includes characteristic physical structures, equipment, forms, processes (7) . Organizational culture includes a complex set of interrelated, comprehensive and ambiguous factors. The four organizational culture traits are characteristics of organizational effectiveness, which include adaptability, involvement, consistency, and mission (8) The culture of the organization has a strong influence on organizational effectiveness. The influence of system culture and the work environment's has impact on safety patient outcomes. Health services leaders are actively promote a positive organizational culture and considering how to best support patient Safety and quality from an organizational Tanta Scientific Nursing Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 November 2011 46 perspective (9) Health care organizations can move toward a safer environment for patients by improving their patient safety culture. The Patient Safety Culture (PSC) of an organization is described as an organization committing to health and safety management based on principles mannerisms, perceptions, competencies, and behavior patterns. A positive safety culture includes effective teamwork, communication, non-punitive response to error, and collaborative learning (3) .Safety culture is a performance shaping factor that guides the many discretionary behaviors of healthcare professionals toward viewing patient safety as one of their highest priorities. The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of an organization's health and safety management (5) . Safety culture tends to focus on the deeper and less readily accessible core values and assumptions of the organization regarding safety and human resources (5,10) .Promoting a culture of safety has become one of the pillars of the patient safety movement. Safety culture can be divided into three aspects: requirement of policy level, requirement of managers, and responses of individuals (10) . Efforts to improve patient safety require an understanding of organizational culture and healthcare industry factors such as the emphasis on production, efficiency and cost controls, organizational and individual inability to acknowledge fallibility, and professional norms for perfectionism among healthcare providers (11) . Understanding the organizational factors involved in decision making and delivery of patient care is a first step toward reducing medical errors and is a key aspect of a culture of safety (12) .Organizational culture explains more of the variance in patient safety climate among hospitals than structural characteristics does. Transforming hospital culture may be a powerful tool to advance patient safety (13) . Therefore, by understanding of what is driving differences in patient safety climate among hospitals, it can proceed more clearly toward developing effective improvement interventions and suggest that continued efforts are needed to improve patient safety in hospitals. However, organizational culture is most consistently related to features of patient safety climate that pertain to organization (14) . Tanta Scientific Nursing Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 November 2011 47 During the past decade, an expanding evidence base in health care has demonstrated that safety culture plays an important role in the safety and quality of patient care (7) . A key recommendation from these reports is the creation and maintenance of organizational cultures that support patient safety. Although the organizational literature on culture is vast, the health care literature assessing the relationship between culture and patient safety is scant and inconsistent (15) .Achieving the maximum potential from patient safety initiatives, health care facilities must establish a culture of safety. One of the most fundamental predictors of success with patient safety initiatives is the state of the current organizational culture (16) . The development of patient safety culture in health care organizations is a necessary precursor to patient safety improvement. Accordingly, most initial work on patient safety culture has focused on developing measures that enable assessment and change of cultures within hospitals. Enhanced understanding of how variations in patient safety culture are related to organizational structural factors, such as size and management centralization, and the impact of such variations on patient safety performance hopefully will lead to successful improvement interventions (17) In recent years, healthcare organizations are becoming aware of the importance of transforming organizational culture to improve patient safety. So, promoting a culture of patient safety has become one of the pillars of the patient safety movement. Organizational culture plays a critical role in the success of patient safety initiatives because it has an effect on resource provision, and the development of structures and processes of care render (6) . However, a better understanding of the relationship between organizational culture and patient safety could reveal whether aspects of general organizational culture predispose some hospitals to better safety climate. Few studies (7,18) have examined organizational culture and its characteristics that affect safety climate in hospitals. A better understanding of this relationship could reveal, for example, whether aspects of general organizational culture predispose some hospitals to better safety climate. In health care, a prime challenge to achieving safe climates is overt or covert pressure to put production and efficiency ahead of safety (7) . Hence the present study tries to explore how aspect of general organizational culture related to hospital safety climate. Tanta Scientific Nursing Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 November 2011 48 Significant of the study: In recent years, healthcare organizations are becoming aware of the importance of transforming organizational culture to improve patient safety because it has an effect on resource provision and the development of structures and processes of care render. Promoting a culture of patient safety has become one of the pillars of the patient safety movement. Organizational culture explains more of the variance in patient safety climate among hospitals than structural characteristics does Transforming hospital culture may be a powerful tool to advance patient safety. Therefore, by understanding of what is driving differences in patient safety climate among hospitals, it can proceed more clearly toward developing effective improvement interventions and suggestions that continued efforts are needed to improve patient safety in hospitals. However, organizational culture is most consistently related to features of patient safety climate that pertain to health care organizations. Research questions 1-Is organizational culture promotes patient safety cli


The archival version of this work was published in Journal of The Electrochemical Society. Hernandez, M. J., Garrido, J., Martinez, J. and J. Piqueras. Kinetics and compositional dependence on the microwave power and DiH4/N flow ratio of silicon nitride deposited by electron cyclotron resonance plasmas. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 141.11 (1994): 3234-3237


The linear regression between the adjusted residual values of codon pairs and the shape parameterof the gamma distribution is analysed in ten archaea,fifteen bacteria and five eukaryotes genomes,it is found that two parameters have significant linear correlation for part of codon pairs,the third site nucleotide(cP3) and the first site nucleotide(cA1) within codon pair exert a key influence over codon pair bias.The results confirm that codon pair usage is correlated with the genome evolution,from the point of view of codon-pair usage,the data highlight fundamental differences between archaea and bacteria and eukaryotes.


Twenty‐four patients with head and neck neoplasms were prospectively evaluated for cisplatin (DDP)‐induced ototoxicity. Patients were selected from a larger population based on the uniformity of their chemotherapy regimen, renal status, lack of prior or concurrent exposure to ototoxic agents, and availability for repetitive audiometric testing in the same setting. Scanning electron microscopy of the inner ear was performed on four temporal bones. Hearing impairment was found to be dose‐related, irreversible within the confines of the study period, and primarily in the higher frequencies. Vestibular toxicity was rare and well‐documented by our testing methods in only one patient. Based on the results of this study, and a review of animal and human data on DDP ototoxicity, the authors concluded that ototoxic screening should be reserved for patients defined as "at risk" and those patients receiving more than 400 mg of DDP under the conditions stated in this report. Cancer 56: 1934‐1939, 1985.


Sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a is an important parameter Oceanography for estimate the abundance and distribution of fish. The purpose of this research is to know the variability of SST and chlorophyll-a spatially and temporally, and to analyze the relationship between SST and chlorophyll-a by catch. The research area is located in the Indian Ocean. The data used is satellite data Aqua MODIS image of level 3 were downloaded via the site ERDDAP and fisheries data used is the large pelagic fish catches landed in PPS Bungus. All variables were analyzed variability. SST data interpretation and chlorophyll-a with the interpretation of the data mapped catches further analyzed using multiple regression analysis. From processing the image data on a monthly basis SST highest average value in May is 30.7 0C while the lowest average in the can in January is 29.4 0C. The values of chlorophyll-a highest average in February and September with a concentration of 0.17 mg/m3, while the lowest average value in April and May in the amount of 0.12 mg/m3. While the density variability CPUE highest average value in August amounted to 72.22 while the lowest density values CPUE in September is 2.73. As for the seasonal average value of the highest SPL season inbetween I of 34.1 0C and the lowest in East season is 32.5 0C. Chlorophyll-a seasonally highest in the transition season II with a value of 0.15 mg/m3 whereas for the other seasons have the same concentration value of 0.13 mg/m3. The relationship between the parameters of the fishing effort is not tight correlation only in November high at 0.61 the influence of X1 and X2 to Y is equal to 37%. Seasonal hubugannya closely not only on the season Southwestern highest correlation with r value of 0.22, while the greatest effect of 5%.


At the end of 2019, during the outbreak of COVID-19, the Chinese government and media used social media extensively to release emergency information Once this information was released, it immediately attracted significant public attention This study used a questionnaire survey to determine social media users' habits during the COVID-19 outbreak The results indicated that in the case of community closure during sudden public health events, the majority of respondents use social media to obtain information to understand the development trends of an epidemic, the government's emergency strategy, scientific epidemic prevention knowledge, and accurate information Based on the survey results, this study considers the value of social media for emergency information, which is both a tool and a new trend in information dissemination in the context of emergencies


In order to promote the application of prestressed steel-reinforced concrete in the seismic area,simulation analysis is performed on 7 prestressed steel-reinforced simply-supported concrete beams with span of 3800 mm and 2 such beams with span of 4500 mm. The simulated results agree well with the test results. By using the method of simulation analysis,the influences of two factors on the moment-curvature curve of section and the load-displacement curve of members are researched,which are the ratio of the resistance of shaped steel to the total resistance and the ratio of the resistance of prestressed steel to the total resistance of section. Formulas for calculating the curvature ductility and the displacement ductility are given by the statistical study. And the hysteretic models for the load-displacement and the moment-curvature of prestressed steel-reinforced concrete beams are proposed,which agree well with test results.


(57) Abstract: Pharmaceutical, particularly kynurenine 3 expression as hydroxylase inhibitors (I) N-substituted-2-amino-4-phenyl-4-oxo - discloses the use of butanoic acid compound. Wherein, X and Y groups are each independently hydrogen, halogen, nitro, C -COOR


Reservoir characterization is a crucial prerequisite to predict the economic potential of a hydrocarbon reservoir or to examine different production scenarios. Unfortunately, it is impossible to determine the exact reservoir properties at the required scale. The most abundant seismic data have a resolution of around 30 m. Wells resolve the reservoir down to the centimetre scale, but only at some points in the vertical direction. This paper presents a method, referred to as frequency bandwidth enhancement (FBE), for enhancing the frequency bandwidth and restoring high frequencies. The method increases the resolution of seismic data by padding the frequency spectrum of seismic wavelets, thus pushing the notch corresponding to the time limit of resolution to a higher part of the spectrum. This approach (patent pending) results in sharper wavelets capable of identifying thinner beds. A by-product of extending the frequency spectrum is the elimination of the tuning effect of beds thinner than the new limit of resolution. When tuning curves before and after the process are compared, it is observed that although different, the differences are minuscule and insignificant compared to the benefits coming from being able to resolve thinner beds. The procedure enunciated here is robust and helps define trends better, leading to more confident interpretations. Such applications could redefine prospects, which in some cases may have been declared unsuccessful on the basis of interpretation of seismic data with the original bandwidth. The reservoir characterization is realized with the aid of coherence cube processing, which is an extremely powerful tool to efficiently exploit the wealth of structural and stratigraphic information encapsulated in the seismic waveforms of 3D seismic data volumes.