The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is an efficient converter due to its use in medium and high-power applications. In this manuscript, the output performance of modular multilevel converter is presented by varying the arm parameter (such as arm inductance and arm capacitance) as well as modulation index. This paper has also shown the comparative analysis of MMC by using different multicarrier modulation techniques at different modulation index. The total harmonic distortion (THD) analysis is shown here. It has been observed that the THD is improved by using phase shifted modulation technique as compared to phase disposition modulation technique. The phase shifted modulation approach is more efficient than other modulation techniques. The output performance of voltage and current analysis have been obtained.


In the current most plausible Cold Dark Matter (CDM) cosmology, larger clumps increase their mass by the progressive merger of smaller clumps. During the evolution, a several merger events, e.g., many minor and a few major merger events, strongly affect the morphology of galaxies as assumed in semi-analytic models. With our physically most detailed high resolution SPH models, we try to tackle the origin of the galaxy morphology. We compute the evolution of 50 over-density peaks in SCDM cosmology and analyzed the obtained properties of the model. We have obtained many different types of star formation history. As a preliminary result, we found the relation between the morphology of the model galaxies and their star formation history. Also we present the global star formation history and metal enrichment history as a function of the redshift, which are obtained by the summing the whole results.


Since the implementation of "Legal Aid Ordinance" in 2003, after ten years of development, China's legal aid work has achieved many breakthroughs. But there are still many problems, especially at the local level. This paper starts from the basic theory of legal aid, analyzes the legal aid work in Yulin City, based on previous relative research, and puts forward the suggestions for the improvement of legal aid work.


The use of the lock-in thermography (LIT) as a non-destructive evaluation technique is becoming increasingly attractive for detecting and characterizing the defects such as the shorts and resistive opens in a 3D package or stacked IC [1,2]. According to this trend, the study for improving the performance of the LIT system is required such as synchronous undersampling method [3]. One of the performance degradation factors of the LIT system is nonlinear distortion effects. Although the heat action is applied periodically, the resulting surface temperature is not synchronized with the periodic heating due to nonlinear heat transfer. A new approach to overcome unsynchronized result is proposed in one-dimensional systems [4]. In this study, we developed the 3D FE model of TSV structure with silicon chip integration and experimentally validated our FE model using measured current–voltage (I–V) and lock-in thermography (LIT) measurements in order to analysis nonlinear heat transfer. From the finite element analysis, the thermal distributions including nonlinear heat transfer in the TSV model and phase angle for the lock-in frequency are calculated and compared with experimental results of a TSV-based 3D IC sample.


Planimetric Mapping of 1779 City of Cadiz Scale Model through laser tecnhology The main aim of this communication is to expose the procedure used to obtain the planimetry of the City of Cadiz relief map/scale model, built between July 1777 and March 1779 by military engineer Alfonso Ximenez, and which took part of the model execution of strongholds project promoted by king Charles III. It is the only model built according to this project, and together with Madrid scale model they are the only two urban models preserved in Spain. In the research of this historically valuable cartographical document, the accuracy of its planimetry, unpublished to date, becomes essential. In order to choose the technology which fit better to the singular characteristics of the subject some issues were beared in mind, including its inaccessability, size (more than 73 square meter) and level of detail, the confined space in which is displayed, the difficulty of not interrupting the museum usual working,etc. To this end, the most revolutionary mapping techniques were analyzed, being the laser.


The effects of both anisotropic exchange and magnetoelastic coupling on phase transitions involving flat, conical and tilted spiral phases are investigated. Also the conditions under which the magnon modes in conical and flat spiral phases may soften are examined when anisotropic exchange is taken into account. It is found that both anisotropic exchange and magnetoelastic coupling can inhibit the instability of the magnon mode with q=Q in the flat spiral phase, but that the nature of the transition which occurs is quite different in each case. These results are discussed with reference to the phase transitions which occur in holmium and erbium near 20K.


As time and advancement of technology, the motor is now not only as a means of transportation, it is also used to support the identity of someone. On that need, many manufacturers then create different types of motors ranging from the simplest to the most luxurious though. The background of this research product sales fluctuations Yamaha MT25 in Bandung. This study aimed to analyze the influence of product attributes of the interest in buying a motorcycle Yamaha MT-25 in the city of Bandung Researchers using multiple regression analysis, distribution of the sample was 100 respondents Yamaha MT25. Product Attributes research results Yamaha MT-25 is expressed GOOD and variable interest Buy at the level of GOOD. The results showed that the partial style and design of the product has positive influence on interest in buying a motorcycle Yamaha MT-25 in the city, while the brand, quality of their products, product features, service, warranty, and the price does not affect the interest of buying a motorcycle Yamaha MT25 in the city of Bandung. Then based on the results of the F test showed that the effect of simultaneously of all independent variables (Brand, Product Quality, Product Features, Style and Design Products, Services, Security, and price) of the Interests Buy Motorcycles Yamaha MT-25 in Bandung show results significant. And from the calculation coefficient of determination obtained R 2 values of 0.245, it can be concluded that the independent variables in this study could explain 24.5% of the Interests Buy Motorcycle Yamha MT-25 in Bandung. While the remaining 75.5% is explained by other variables not included in this study.


Corrosion resistance of 316L biomaterial can be improved by mechanical surface treatment such as shot peening. Shot peening can create plastic deformation as a nanocrystal surface layer on the metal surface to protect the material from corrosion attack. This study aims to investigate the effect of shot peening on the corrosion resistance of 316L to reach the best rate of corrosion. The shot peening parameters in this research are shot distance (6, 8, 10, and 12 cm), shot angle (30, 60, and 90°), compressor pressure (7 kg/cm2), shot duration (20 minutes), and steel balls S-170 (diameter of 0.6 mm). Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) was used as a corrosion media with ion concentrations nearly equal to human blood plasma. Corrosion tests were used versaSTAT, and the data were analyzed by VersaStudio. The result shows that the shot peening can decrease the corrosion rate of the 316L biomaterial. The larger the shot angle, the lower the corrosion rate and the nearer the shot distance, the lower the corrosion rate. The nearest shot distance (6 cm) and the largest shot angle (90°) give the best result to decrease the corrosion rate from 0.8617 mpy to 0.1096 mpy.


To assess the psychology of the green consumer using a measured chain methodology, a triadic sorting process is used to identify concrete salient attributes of a situation in which consumers' choices can be examined as to perceived consequences and values underlying choices.


"Second-generation" bioethanol derived from abundant and renewable lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks is considered as an attractive biofuel1)~5). Although industrial-scale production of "first-generation" bioethanol from sugarcane and corn is already underway6), edible crops should be grown only for food to prevent food shortages as the world's population increases. Thus, second-generation technology using inedible biomass is a more desirable and sustainable means of bioethanol production compared to the first-generation technology, and the annual production of secondgeneration bioethanol is increasing7). However, some specific features of lignocellulosic biomass and fermentable sugars need to be considered to maintain high efficiency of the second-generation bioethanol production processes. The first issue arises from recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass that prohibits polysaccharides (i.e., cellulose and hemicellulose) tightly locked in lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks from undergoing depolymerization to fermentable sugars such as glucose, fructose, which is generated via glucose isomerization, and xylose4),5). Physicochemical pretreatments disrupt such rigid structures and improve reactivity of the polysaccharides. However, lignin, a macromolecule with a complicated three-dimensional-network structure and the third largest component of lignocellulosic biomass, undergoes fragmentation to release small phenolic compounds including vanillin and syringaldehyde during the pretreatment processes5),8)~11). The second issue is the instability of fermentable sugars under the harsh reaction conditions required for the depolymerization of polysaccharides4), even after physicochemical pretreatments. In addition to a loss of fermentable sugars, their degradation provides undesired furanic by-products, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfural (Fig. 1)5),12)~14). Besides, another main component of plant cell walls, pectin, also is degraded into such furanics15). These aromatics, both phenolic and furanic compounds, significantly inhibit the fermentation processes involved in synthesizing bioethanol8),9). A previous report indicated that the activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was halved in the presence of only 3 mM vanillin in the fermentation broth8). Similar fermentation processes to produce biodegradable plastics, such as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), from glucose also were reported to be inhibited by HMF16),17). To improve [Review Paper]


The two fields e-h formulation of magnetodynamics discretized with edge elements permits very easy computation of a posteriori local errors associated with the edges. This is used as a criterion to select the tetrahedra to be refined and we describe the method used for refining.


Proton-proton elastic scattering using 201- and 400-GeV/c extracted beams at Fermilab has been measured in the region 4.9<-t<14.4 GeV/sup 2/. Contrary to predictions of diffraction models, there is no sign of a second dip or ''break,'' and the slope A in the fit exp(At) is smaller than predicted. It drops from 1.5 to 0.8 GeV/sup -2/ over our t range. The shape of the t distribution can be fitted by the power law dsigma/dtproportionalt/sup -8.4/ which is close to a quantum-chromodynamics (QCD) prediction of t/sup -8/. At fixed t the 201-GeV/c cross sections are about 2.3 times those at 400 GeV/c which is compatible with the QCD and constituent-interchange-model prediction that dsigma/dtproportionals/sup -10/ at fixed t/s.


The results of prophylactic examination of cows with the purpose to find out post calving diseases are reported. It has been established that diseases of genital organs in cows are widely spread and cause decrease of animals' performance and less number of calves obtained.


CNC fine milling machine is a new advanced equipment of rail weld precision machining with high precision, high efficiency, low environmental pollution and other technical advantages. The motion performance of this machine directly affects its machining accuracy and stability, which makes it an important consideration for its design. Based on the design drawings, this article completed 3D modeling of 60mm/kg rail weld CNC fine milling machine by using Solid works. After that, the geometry was imported into Adams to finish the motion simulation analysis. The displacement, velocity, angular velocity and some other kinematical parameters curves of the main components were obtained in the post-processing and these are the scientific basis for the design and development for this machine.


(54) THERAPEUTIC USE OF AEROSOLIZED Related U.S. Application Data NITROSYLATING AGENT IN CYSTC FIBROSIS (63) Continuation of application No. 10/380,763, filed on Mar. 24, 2003, now Pat. No. 6,723,703, which is a continuation of application No. PCT/US01/27768, (76) Inventors: Benjamin Gaston, Charlottesville, VA filed on Oct. 15, 2001. (US); Jonathan S. Stamler, Chapel Hill, NC (US) (60) Provisional application No. 60/240,708, filed on Oct. 16, 2000.


Water system is one of the significant compositions with large power consumption in air-conditioning equipment. From viewpoint of energy-saving, the variable frequency operational principle of the water system is analyzed, the merits and demerits of operating water system under power frequency or variable frequency are compared, and the control principle of the energy-saving revamping project is introduced. In addition, combining with the specific project, the benefit of energy-saving for the water system is analyzed. The result shows that after revamping, the air-conditioning system runs properly, both the indoor temperature and humidity meet the specifications; the revamping technology offers significant energy-saving effects.


1. Borcek AO, Suner HI, Emmez H, Kaymaz M, Aykol S, Pasaoglu A: Accuracy of pedicle screw placement in thoracolumbar spine with conventional open technique. Turk Neurosurg 24:398-402, 2014 2. Ersen O, Bilgi S: Is it safe to evaluate pedicle screw position with postoperative tomography? Turk Neurosurg 25: 678, 2015 3. Tian NF, XU HZ: Image-guided pedicle screw insertion accuracy: A meta-analysis. Int Orthop 33: 895-899, 2009 Dear Editor,


An important book by a prestigious scholar, This Violent Empire argues that violence against external Others inheres in American national identity. This penchant for violent aggression, forged during the early national period, would endure as a continuous phenomenon in American history, as it reflected the nation's deep-seated and unresolved contradictions and psychic crises. "To fear and dehumanize alien Others," Carroll Smith-Rosenberg boldly proclaims, "to ruthlessly hunt them down, is truly American" (x). The argument is provocative, yet not as original as Smith-Rosenberg implies. Other scholars have analyzed violence against external Others as a quintessentially American project. Smith-Rosenberg either is unaware of the studies that preceded her own or chose not to cite them, which unfortunately impedes collective efforts to examine the violence inherent in American national identity. It is both a strength and a weakness of Smith-Rosenberg's book that she confines the study to the history of the early republic. Her close analysis of a rich variety of sources – especially political magazines and novels – illuminates the postRevolutionary era but also insulates it. Hence Rosenberg argues that the violence inherent in American national identity emerged during this period when abundant evidence suggests that the aggression was culturally embedded well before the actual birth of the nation. Similarly, while she asserts that violent aggression against Others continues to characterize American national identity to the present day, she offers little evidence insofar as her analysis ends in the early republic. She will thus doubtlessly be accused of writing a polemic that extends beyond her source base, but such charges go with the territory in the intensely nationalistic United States. In the wake of the Revolution, Americans were "a people with no common heritage – deeply divided along racial, regional, and religious lines" (). They faced the daunting task of forging a new national identity, as well as both domestic and foreign threats, and moreover confronted the profound contradiction between extolling universal liberty and keeping slaves, cleansing the land of Indians, and policing a variety of gendered constructions. These unresolved conflicts produced "exclusion, violence, xenophobia, and paranoia" () directed against "all who threatened the new American's delicate psychological and ideological balance" (). The targets included "effeminate men, transgressive women, Native Americans," all of whom "became objects of rage and violence" (). Smith-Rosenberg divides the book into three sections, each of which "explores a central aspect of the imagined new American identity" (). Each opens with a historical or literary vignette and proceeds to establish the process of identifying enemy Others and subjecting them to violent control. Section I focusses on Western


A method for evaluating the neutron dose from several MeV to 100 MeV was developed using a BC501 A-type liquid scintillator. The neutron dose is evaluated from the light output of the BC501A by applying the G-function, which relates the light output of the BC501A to the ambient dose equivalent. On the basis of the G-function method, a hybrid neutron detector consisting of the BC501A coupled with a 6Li glass scintillator was developed to extend the measurable energy to the thermal range. The energy response of the detector was studied with 252Cf and 241 Am-Be neutron sources and mono-energetic neutrons from 8 keV to 65 MeV produced by accelerators. The ambient dose equivalents were evaluated using the energy response characteristics of the detector for several neutron fields in accelerator facilities. It was concluded from the analysis that the hybrid detector can be applied to accurate neutron monitoring from thermal energy up to 100 MeV


While the world population is aging, the technological progress is steadily increasing. Smartphones and tablets belong to a growing market and even more people aged 65 and above are using such touch devices. However, with advancing age normal cognitive, sensory, perceptual and motor changes influence psychological and physical capabilities and therefore the way the elderly are able to use tablet-applications.

When designing tablet-applications for the elderly developers have to be supported in understanding these capabilities.

Therefore, this thesis provides a comprehensive compilation of usability guidelines in order to develop user-friendly tablet-applications for older people.

The development and testing of an exemplary tablet-application within this thesis shows how these guidelines can be brought into practice and how this realization is evaluated by test persons in this age group.


Exploring the Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching of Japanese Teachers Jared Bukarau Department of Mathematics Education, BYU Master of Arts In the past two decades there has been an increased effort to understand the depth to which mathematics teachers must know their subject to teach it effectively. Researchers have termed this type of knowledge mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT). Even though recent studies have focused on MKT, the current literature on the subject indicates that this area remains underdeveloped. In an attempt to further refine our conception of MKT this study looked at MKT in Japan. In this thesis I explored and categorized the MKT of three experienced Japanese cooperating teachers (CTs) by looking at the content of their conversations with three Japanese student teachers (STs). I separated the MKT mentioned in these conversations into three categories: knowledge about the students' mathematical knowledge, knowledge about mathematics, and knowledge about school mathematics. I also discussed various implications of this work on the field of MKT.


This book provides an introduction to the emerging field of quantum thermodynamics, with particular focus on its relation to quantum information and its implications for quantum computers and next generation quantum technologies. The text, aimed at graduate level physics students with a working knowledge of quantum mechanics and statistical physics, provides a brief overview of the development of classical thermodynamics and its quantum formulation in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 then explores typical thermodynamic settings, such as cycles and work extraction protocols, when the working material is genuinely quantum. Finally, Chapter 3 explores the thermodynamics of quantum information processing and introduces the reader to some more state-of-the-art topics in this exciting and rapidly developing research field.


Biogas is a source of renewable energy (fuel) produced through anaerobic digestion of biomass. Sewage sludge is a form of biomass that is found as sediment (slurry) product of waste water treatment plants. This research is aimed at optimizing the yield of the biogas produced from Indah Water Konsortium- Bunus sewage treatment plant (STP) through sewage sludge disintegration processes. By optimizing the yield, the STP can generate its own future heat and power demands that can possibly be exported to the grid. To achieve that, the plant was physically studied on its operations. The current population equivalent (PE) of the plant is 175,000 instead of the installed capacity of 375,000. This constitutes towards low total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) of about 1.89 and 1.38% respectively, and a low overall biogas yield of 1500 m3/day (56% VS reduction) instead of recommended 2200 m3/day (80% VS reduction). Thermal, chemical and thermochemical disintegration techniques were employed to investigate their impact on improving the biogas yield during anaerobic digestion. Modeling and Optimization of the disintegration processes were carried out using STATISTICA. The results of ANOVA and multiple regression analysis show that the optimum variables for the thermal disintegration are: 88°C, 227 rpm and 21 min, with actual degree of disintegration (DD) of 55.4%. For chemical disintegration, the optimum variables are 2.85M NaOH, 229 rpm and 21min and a corresponding optimum DD of 52.68%. The optimum DD for thermochemical disintegration is 61.45% at: 88°C, 2.29M NaOH, and 21 min. Biogas yield was improved by 60%, 15% and 36% v/v using the thermal, chemical and thermochemical disintegration techniques respectively. This shows that yield of biogas can be enhanced through disintegration process, and eventual higher cogeneration potential can be exploited.


Measurements on thermal conductivity of fluid helium-3 in the literature are abundant in the liquid phase, while almost no data are available in the gas phase except some at pressures not higher than 0.1 MPa. A quantum version of the principle of corresponding states is used to predict the thermal conductivity of gaseous helium-3 by using those of helium-4, hydrogen, neon and argon. An empirical equation is developed for the thermal conductivity of both the liquid and gas phases at temperatures from 3 mK to 300 K and pressures up to 20 MPa. Similar to other cryogenic fluids like nitrogen, a sharp peak of the thermal conductivity curve is observed at low pressures.


Plastic and reconstructive surgery is a varied and extremely rewarding specialty which encompasses a wide variety of subspecialties that can make a tangible difference to the lives of patients.


The article expounds the real Nanning flood control capability after the construction of Nanning Upper Reaches Hydropower Station completed,and its joint flood control capability for flood retention and dispatching with Ping'erguan Hydropower Station at Zuo River Longtou Reservoir,which is under construction.In addition,the designed volume of flood of Laokou Hydropower Station and Qingxiu Hydropower Station are elaborated.The article also provides insights into the construction's length,width,height and the amount of compensation in flooding reservoir areas and the land development and layout of Yong River,Xue River and hundreds kilometers of land around You River and Zuo River.


In order to reduce maternal mortality rate in Indonesia, the government has launched a program of Making Pregnancy Safer (MPS) since 2000. One of the MPS strategy is to encourage the empowerment of women and the family. The expected output of the strategy is to establish the husband's involvement in promoting maternal health and increasing active role of the family in pregnancy and childbirth. In order to improve the knowledge of pregnant women about maternal and child health, have conducted health education of mothers and children through individual consultations during the antenatal or at Posyandu activities, but not optimal because the knowledge gained mothers confined to health problems experienced during the consultation. One effort to overcome the weaknesses of the established activities of the study groups of pregnant women who referred to a class of pregnant women. The aim of research to determine the effect of pregnant women classroom activities with an approach different methods to increase knowledge about prenatal care, childbirth, postpartum and newborn babies before and after intervention in Batua Regional Health Center,  Makassar. This type of research "quasi" with a pretest-posttest design with control group design. The number of samples is 30 people, divided into three groups: simple method, the standard method and the modified method. The primary data by distributing questionnaires to pregnant women each meeting, given before and after class pregnant women. There's research found no differences between the mean increase knowledge on classroom activities pregnant women with a simple method approach, the standard method and the modified method of prenatal care, childbirth, postpartum and newborn babies before and after the intervention. Expected classroom activities pregnant women are given regularly by health workers and more effectively increase knowledge when using the modified method is lecture, use KIA book, brain storming and conduct orientation in the delivery room, but must be conditioned to the situation in the health center.


(Left panel) A schematic of SO2 gas sensor devices with two Au electrodes and a central region based on TM doped HfS2 monolayers (TM = Ni, Pd or Pt). (Right panel) I–V relationship of the Pt-doped HfS2 monolayer-based sensor.


. In this paper we present a fixed point theorem of Banach type in modular spaces. Also, we give some applications of this result to a nonlinear integral equation in Musielak-Orlicz space.


Hydroxy acid, oxidation, bromine The oxidation of glycollic, lactic, a-hydroxybutyric, and 2-phenyllactic acids by aque ous bromine has been studied. The reaction is of first order with respect to the oxidant and the anion of the hydroxy acid respectively. The active oxidising species is molecular bromine. The oxidation of ci,a-dideuterioglycollic acid indicated a kinetic isotope effect, ^h /^d= 4.62 a t 25 °C. The reaction does not show any appreciable solvent isotope effect. The activation parameters arc evaluated. A


It is frequently advantageous to obtain the entire coding and promoter sequences for a given gene linked to suitable selectable or scorable marker genes within a single DNA construct. Difficulties may arise because it is often not possible to obtain the relevant cosmid or phage by direct screening, as the clone may be underrepresented in a library. Size constraints are also an issue; for larger genes and those where abundant flanking sequence is required, the complete sequence may only be present divided between several cosmids or phage. Patching the sequence together may be difficult or impractical, as plasmids may have insufficient capacity, and there may be problems of instability. To address these issues we have devised a method, utilizing homologous recombination in yeast to engineer cosmids containing precisely the sequence of interest, along with specific marker, reporter or selection genes as desired.


Analogy deduction is the one from which one can come to a conclusion that two or several objects are the same or similar on some quality based on the fact that they are the same or similar in a series of quality.This deduction is often used by the detectives in the criminal investigation.This kind of deduction can stimulate people's mind,help to establish investigation suppose,and offer the clue to solve the case and capture the criminal.This one plays a key role in the case investigation,looking for the sources of corpses and judging the evidence of the crime.Using this deduction effectively may raise the efficiency of solving cases.


Anaerobic migrating blanket reactor( AMBR) was used to treat synthetic high-concentration sewage( COD = 3 000 mg / L).Three kinds of influent modes( "8 + 4","7 + 5"and "9 + 3") were adopted,and each mode was accompanied by hydraulic retention times( HRT) of 24 h,16 h and 12 h.The influence of different operation modes on treatment efficiency of AMBR was investigated.The results showed that under the"8 + 4"mode and HRT of 24 h,the best treatment efficiency of AMBR was achieved with an average COD removal rate of 88%,an average effluent SS of 0.15 mg / L and an effluent pH of about 7.0.There was not enough buffer time for degrading organic matter in the compartments at both sides of the reactor under the "9 + 3"mode.In buffer stage of the "7 + 5"mode a lot of organic matter flowed into the middle compartments,which increased the treatment load in the following compartments.


Abstract The use of integrated ferroelectric capacitors as nonvolatile memory elements in semiconductor memory designs imposes additional electrical performance requirements on the capacitor which are not normally characterized in ferroelectric materials research. This paper will describe those requirements and present a suggested set of testing procedures we have developed for their standardized measurement. The most significant property for memory design is not the oft quoted traditional Sawyer-Tower continuous remanent polarization, but rather pulsed remanent polarization which can be broken down into transient remanent polarization or depolarization, which decays within one second, and retained polarization, thereafter. Retained polarization is almost always less than continuous remanent polarization. Instead of the traditional coercive voltage, we propose the concept of threshold voltage, defined as that voltage required for 1 μC/cm2 differential pulsed long term remanent polarization of capacitors p...


An electrodeless method for measuring the electrical conductivities of metallic and semiconductor melts at elevated temperatures is described. The transformer ``eddy current'' method, which was capable of measuring conductivities from one to greater than 10 000 (Ω‐cm)−1, was used. The system was calibrated with Hg at 25°C and tested with Hg to 300°C and Bi to 550°C. The specific conductivities of various compositions of Bi–BiI3 solutions were measured at 500°C and compared with those measured by an electrode method. The accuracy of the method decreased with decreasing conductivity.


If you want to explore the boundless world of the marine environment, studying Marine and Environment courses at the University of Tasmania will give you the experiences and skills you need for a career where adventure never ends.


ABSTRACT Citric (CA) and oxalic (OA) acids are able to change the humic acid (HA) supramolecular structure, affecting HA effects on plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of CA and OA on HA supramolecular structure changes, and how these changes influence the eucalyptus growth and nutrition. HA was combined or not with CA and OA, as follows: HA+CA+OA; HA+CA; HA+OA; HA; CA+OA; CA, OA and control (no HA, CA, and OA). Seedlings were grown in a nutrient solution for 45 days. It was determined the dry matter production, the nutrients contained in the nutrient solution, and their accumulation by eucalyptus. Changes in the HA supramolecular structure were evaluated through the UV-visible light absorbance ratios. Use of HA+OA increased the E4/E6 and A254/A204 ratio, and reduced the E2/E3 ratio over the exclusive use of HA, increasing the reactivity and reducing the aromaticity over intact HA. HA fragmented by OA increased the dry matter production and nutrients accumulated by eucalyptus. CA was not effective in changing the HA supramolecular structure, as well as in improving eucalyptus growth. The HA bioactivity on eucalyptus growth induced by CA and/or OA can be inferred from a new index relates to A254/A204 and E4/E6 absorbance ratio.


ment was conducted which resulted in damaging the hearts of some of the children who were randomly assigned into a control category in a study of drug pi-ophylaxis of rheumatic fever. In a letter to the editor of the New England Journal of Medicine, which originally published the report of the experiment, it was bitterly pointed out that the number of pitiful victims of "¿ iatrogenic― valvular heart disease re sulting from this experiment could eas ily have been predicted from experience already available without withholding the medication from the children in the control category. The only uncertainty was which children would suffer the consequences of this scientific Russian roulette. Now another controlled human ex periment has been proposed. It would attempt to settle the "¿ controversy― be tween the proponents of simple mas tectomy and those who favoii-adical mastectomy for breast cancer. In this particular experiment, good and bad results could be anticipated with cur able cancer patients. In other words. it's a life and death matter. During the more than 60 years since it was first de veloped, radical mastectomy has been under critical fire many times. There have been waves of interest in so-called "¿ modified― radical mastectomies. There have even been claims that no treat ment of breast cancer is statistically just as effective as surgical treatment in the over-all end results. For over a decade, simple mastectomy in conjunc tion with radiation therapy to the axilla has been carried out as a curative treat ment for breast cancer by McWhirtei and his followers. The statistical end results of the various methods of treat ment have been intriguing and disturb ing to many physicians. It is now pro posed that the confusion and uncer tainty he settled once and for all by the acid test of a controlled human expel-iThe very nature of medical practice requires human experimentation. Each surgical opei-ation and each drug which is piescribed is in effect an experiment on the individual patient upon whom it is tried. A vast amount of information and data on human disease has been ob tained in this manner. Unquestionably, this is an indirect and inefficient meth od of obtaining facts. Accordingly, those physicians and allied scientists who ai-e primai-ily concerned with ob taining facts have, in i-ecent years, been pressing for controlled human experi mentation, which can provide data quickei-, moi-e simply and with more as surance. The animal laboratory, which has been so fashionable for clinical re searchers in recent years, apparently no longer can contain the enthusiastic fact finders. They are now returning to the bedside with their newly learned techniques of research, eager to con duct the ultimate experiment —¿ con trolled human experimentation. Unfor tunately, in controlled human experi mentation the patient ceases to be a patient and necessarily becomes an im personal element of the experiment. The patient can no longer be assured of the best treatment; in fact, he may be consigned blindly (without bias) to the poorest ti-eatment or even to a no-treat ment categoi-y as a control.


On the basis of the self-catalytic characteristic of α-aminomethyl triethoxysilanes, (diethyl) aminomethyl triethoxysilane, cyclohexylaminomethyl triethoxysilane, and anilinomethyl triethoxysilane were used as self-catalytic cross-linkers to prepare a series of environmental friendly, nano-CaCO3 reinforced silicone sealants based on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The tensile properties, hardness, adhesive properties, hot-air aging resistance, and oil-resistance properties of these materials were studied by universal electronic tensile machine, scanning electron microscope, and atomic force microscopy, etc. Results show that the comprehensive properties of the self-catalytic cross-linking PDMS sealants are much better than that of the traditional ones. The chemical structure and reactivity of the α-aminomethyl triethoxysilanes have a great effect on the properties of PDMS sealants. The tensile strength of the reinforced sealants with 100 phr (100 parts per hundreds of PDMS) nano-CaCO3 is about 4.4 times than that of the unreinforced ones, and the elongation at break is about three times. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers


Coincidence rate of interpretation is still not high at the beginning of offshore logging interpretation while drilling.How to catch hydrocarbon show formations and evaluate hydrocarbon reservoirs quantitatively is very important,and especially thin layers,gas reservoirs with light weight oil and hydrocarbon reservoirs with low resistivity should not be missed.Reserval gas ratio method is :curve association form of ratio of light hy drocarbon to medium hydrocarbon(RLM),ratio of light hydrocarbon to heavy hydrocarbon(RLH) and ratio of heavy hydrocarbon to medium hydrocarbon(RLM) may indicate fluid property of various reservoirs and identify oil/water boundary easily,which solves the unsolvable offshore problem by normal method for the Bohai Bay.Drilled 19 wells in BZ oilfield of Bohai Bay Basin are interpreted and evaluated through the Reserval gas ratio method and other related data of well logging.The result shows that coincidence rate of interpretation for the gas reservoir,oil reservoir,oil and water produced from the same interval and water layer is 100%,87.3%,62.5% and 73.7% respectively,and total coincidence rate is 83.9%.Application of the Reserval gas ratio method may improve interpretation accuracy of the oil reservoirs with light weight oil,gas condensate and low resistivity in Bohai Bay.


Hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy was now used in the treatment of liver metastasis in the patients with colorectal cancer and in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The blood supplies of cancer cells were from hepatic artery instead of portal system which mainly supply normal liver cells. By delivering chemotherapeutic agents directly to cancer cells through catheter in hepatic artery, it provided much more selective treatment and better local tumor control. The feasibility of liver tumor excision was increased after HAI chemotherapy. Theoretically, HAI chemotherapy may be applied to any tumors that mainly get blood supply from hepatic arteries. However, there were few reports of HAI chemotherapy for metastatic liver tumors from other solid tumors. Our report provided a case treated by HAI chemotherapy for liver metastasis from lung small cell carcinoma. This may give us an idea of extended application of HAI chemotherapy to more solid tumors with liver metastasis.


Abstract King (Somateria spectabilis) and Common Eiders (S. mollissima v-nigra) wintering off western North America migrate past Point Barrow, Alaska and across the Beaufort Sea to nest in northern Alaska and northwestern Canada. Migration counts were conducted by various researchers at Point Barrow during 1953, 1970, 1976, 1987, 1994, and 1996. We examined population trends by standardizing the analysis of the migration counts in all years. Based on this standardized procedure, the King Eider population appeared to remain stable between 1953 and 1976 but declined by 56% (or 3.9% year−1) from approximately 802,556 birds in 1976 to about 350,835 in 1996. The Common Eider population declined by 53% (or 3.6% year−1) from approximately 156,081 birds in 1976 to about 72,606 in 1996. Reasons for the declines are unknown.


The invention discloses a diesel-fired boiler fuel prepared by waste edible oil serving as a main material. The diesel-fired boiler fuel comprises 50% to 65% of waste edible oil, 10% to 30% of ethanol, 10% to 40% of methanol and 0% to 15% of ethyl acetate. The preparation method includes that firstly the collected waste edible oil is subjected to pretreatment, the moisture content of the waste edible oil is smaller than or equal to 1%, the particle impurities are absent, the treated waste edible oil is prepared into two types of oil, one type of oil comprises animal oil and fat which is less than 10% of the total oil and the balance plant oil and fat, the other type of oil comprises animal oil which is larger than or equal to 30% and the balance plant oil, the waste edible oil, the ethanol, the methanol and the ethyl acetate of corresponding proportions are added in a burdening pool and fully mixed, and after sampling test, a qualified sample can serve as a finished product. The fuel is mainly suitable for being used as fuels of a diesel steam boiler and a diesel heating boiler in stead of existing frequently-used diesel oil, a novel comprehensive utilization path for saving resources and fully utilizing waste edible oil resources is developed, and a positive effect on preventing waste edible oil from returning to dining-table is achieved.


The book el-Kitâbu'l Muhtasar fi Hisâbi'l Cebr ve'l Mukâbele written by Muhammed b. Mûsa al-Khwarizmi in 843 recently translated into Turkish for the first time. This paper, based on the translation, presents its semantic and metaphysical interpretations from a philosophical point of view. Al-Khwarizmi, by using geometric models in the solution of algebraic equations, adhered to a semantic basis and while including irrational numbers in the solutions, consciously preferred not to find negative roots. This approach and the method that al-Khwarizmi adopted while constructing his algebraic system give clues about what kind of metaphysical and semantic ground he took basis in doing mathematics. These clues are very important not only for algebra in general and al-Khwarizmi's algebra but also for contemporary discussions in philosophy and logic in which the various approaches to possible and impossible world semantics and object theories hold and important place. In order to shed light on today's debates and open the door to different interpretations, the general features of al-Khwarizmi and his algebra, the relationship between mathematics and metaphysics, and the evaluation of the metaphysical and semantic foundations of al-Khwarizmi's algebra in the context of contemporary discussions on object theories will be the main theme of this s tudy .


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to inorganic bactericidal materials and medical equipment. Bactericidal coating can also be used in the production of glass, ceramics, refractory materials, pigments and paints, building materials, display screens, monitors and television sets. Transparent bactericidal oxide coating is made from a composition comprising the following components, wt%: high molecular weight polyvinyl pyrrolidone – 0.20–5.00; tetraethoxy titanium – 0.10–1.00; acetone – 70.0–85.00; Mg(ClO 4 ) 2 – 0.20–5.00; cyclohexanone – 5–20. Fibre-optic element comprises a multicore optical fibre with a tip at the distal end. Tip is made in the form of a transparent plate, which is glued to the distal end of the multicore optical fibre. Outside, the plate is coated with a transparent bactericidal oxide coating. EFFECT: improved transparency, homogeneity, bactericidal and photocatalytic properties of the coating. 3 cl, 3 tbl, 3 ex, 5 dwg


A growing literature has made the case for preserving rural open space and redeveloping inner cities. Together, these polices can contribute to the inside—outside strategy of `new regionalism'. However, it is unclear whether citizens are willing to pay for these two polices. Using data from a survey of Michigan's citizens, statistical analyses were employed to ascertain who would pay for both policies. Of the respondents, 37 per cent would pay for both policies. The coalition of support is centred on younger people, liberals and Whites, and people who are generally satisfied with their communities but are concerned about sprawl. When compared with the results for those who would pay only for one policy, the findings suggest that policy-makers may be able to broaden the coalition of support for policies that can contribute to regional land use governance if measures are taken to ensure that benefits are widely spread.


scheme which takes into account the currents of religious thought expressed in the ritual of individual populations. Occasional errors due to the inadequacy of the sources are inevitable in a work of the scope of Der Ursprung der Gottesidee, and the many addenda and corrections show that Schmidt is fully alive to such flaws. But the bold outlines of the Weltanschauungen of divers archaic and primitive civilizations emerge clearly, and on the whole convincingly, from the elaborate comparison of extensive ethnographic material. Schmidt's concept of such complex phenomena as the " sky-religion " and " earth-religion " of the Altai Tatars may remind one in some respects of Ruth Benedict's idea of " culture patterns ", but while the latter are based on the intensive study and somewhat impressionistic interpretation of individual societies, Schmidt relies for the isolation of his religious types mainly on comparative studies. To exclude subjective evaluation and interpretation completely from such characterizations of basic types is obviously impossible, but the extensive reproduction of original material allows every reader to view Schmidt's thesis against the background of the relevant ethnographic facts.


Abstract Test excavations at the site of Huistla in Jalisco, Mexico, yielded a series of ceramic types which is similar to types or wares found in the coastal lowland strip of Nayarit and Sinaloa. These affiliations indicate an occupation during a period sometime between about A.D. 800 and 1200. A reappraisal of the Aztatlán complex, recently divided into a series of local phases by Kelley, Winters, and Grosscup, leaves the impression that, while subdivision of the complex is justifed in light of their new data, certain continuities in ceramic design styles between these phases still give substance to the Aztatlán complex.


Changes in both land use and rainfall patterns can lead to changes in the hydrologic behavior of the watershed. The long-term hydrologic impact analysis (L-THIA) model has been used to predict such changes and analyze the changes in mitigation scenarios. The model is simple as only a small amount of input data are required, but it can predict only the direct runoff and cannot determine the streamflow. This study, therefore, aimed to propose a method for predicting the monthly baseflow while maintaining the simplicity of the model. The monthly baseflows for 20 watersheds in South Korea were estimated under different land use conditions. Calibration of the monthly baseflow prediction method produced values for R2 and the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) within the ranges of 0.600–0.817 and 0.504–0.677, respectively; during validation, these values were in the ranges of 0.618–0.786 and 0.567–0.727, respectively. This indicates that the proposed method can reliably predict the monthly baseflow while maintaining the simplicity of the L-THIA model. The proposed model is expected to be applicable to all the various forms of the model.


In conventional glassformers at sufficiently short times and low enough temperatures, molecules are mutually caged by the intermolecular potential. The fluctuation and dissipation from motion of caged molecules when observed by elastic incoherent neutron scattering exhibit a change in temperature dependence of the mean square displacement (MSD) at the glass transition temperature Tg. This is a general and fundamental property of caged dynamics in glassformers, which is observed always near Tg independent of the energy resolution of the spectrometer. Recently we showed the same change of T-dependence at Tg is present in proteins solvated with bioprotectants, coexisting with the dynamic transition at a higher temperature Td. In these solvated proteins, all having Tg and Td higher than the proteins hydrated by water alone, the observation of the change of T-dependence of the MSD at Tg is unobstructed by the methyl-group rotation contribution at lower temperatures. On the other hand, proteins hydrated by water alone have lower Tg and Td, and hence unambiguous evidence of the transition of MSD at Tg is hard to find. Notwithstanding, evidence on the break of the MSD at Tg can be found by deuterating the protein to suppress the methyl-group contribution. An alternative strategy is the use of a spectrometer that senses motions faster than 15 ps, which confers the benefit of shifting both the onset of methyl-group rotation contribution as well as the dynamic transition to higher temperatures, and again the change of MSD at Tg becomes evident. The break of the elastic intensity or the MSD at Tg coexists with the dynamics transition at Td in hydrated and solvated proteins. Recognition of this fact helps to remove inconsistency and conundrum encountered in interpreting the data that thwart progress in understanding the origin of the dynamic transition and its connection to biological function.


The low pressure die casting process of A356 aluminum alloy was simulated by ViewCast software,and the location of the shrinkage defects was forecasted.The producing process was proposed by computer simulating and analyzing the surface defect of the aluminum alloy castings.Regular castings were produced,the surface quality was obviously improved and no defects such as shrinkage were found.It provides the valuable reference for the research of low pressure die casting process and mold design of aluminum alloy permanent mold.


A Monte Carlo simulation has been performed on the dynamics of phase separation of A/B immiscible polymer blends to which various C-b-D diblock copolymers with repulsive interactions between the blocks and homopolymers were added. For comparison, the results for a blend containing a block copolymer with attractive interactions are also presented. It is found that even the block copolymer with repulsive interactions between the blocks and the homopolymers still has a retardation effect on the phase separation. This effect may arise from strong interfacial activity that is due to the competitive interactions of the blocks with the different homopolymers. The phase separation proceeds by following the usual spinodal decomposition process, and thus the scaling law between the first moment of the structure factor and the time, q 1 (t) ∞ t -1/3 , can be applied in the later stage of separation. By analyzing the changes in the linear dimensions and the contact numbers of the block copolymers with the phase separation time, we investigate the effects of the type of block copolymer interaction and its relative strength on the interfacial activity and the consequent retardation of separation.


Many scholars believe that mental disorders may increase the risk of mortality
among psychiatric patients in comparison with ordinary people. Unfortunately, since there is
no systematic psychiatric case register system in Iran, a precise study of the rate of mortality of
psychiatric patients in Iran is not easy.

The objective of the current study included estimation of the rate of mortality and clinical
profile of the died patients in a group of non-western aged schizophrenic patients.

Senior section of Razi psychiatric hospital was selected as the specific field of investigation,
and all elderly schizophrenic patients (≥65 years old), who had been hospitalized there, were
nominated as the accessible sample and estimated with respect to the objectives of the present assessment.
For survey, all deaths in the said district, which had occurred throughout the last sixty
months (April of 2014-August 2019), had been listed by the supervisor of the mortality committee
of the hospital. The clinical diagnosis was based on 'Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders', 5th edition, criteria.

Among 840 chronic elderly schizophrenic patients, 69 deaths were registered by the mortality
committee of the hospital. As evident by the results, the annual rate of mortality among elderly
schizophrenic patients in the present assessment was around 0.015 (0.15 per 1,000 individuals per
year) and 0.017 (0.17 per 1,000 individuals per year) among male and female aged patients, respectively,
which was significantly lower than the native crude death rate. While the average age of the
expired female patients was significantly longer than male cases, the life expectancy of both male
and female patients was significantly shorter than the life expectancy of native people. Besides,
while among the present sample of old schizophrenics cardiac disease was the main leading cause of
death, other causes, like violence, suicide, road traffic accidents, falls, fires, drug use, tuberculosis,
drowning, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease were not liable at all.

 While the rate of mortality among aged schizophrenics was significantly lower than the
native crude death rate, the age of the expired female patients was significantly longer than the male
cases and the life expectancy of both male and female patients was significantly shorter than the life
expectancy of native people. Cardiac disorder was the leading cause of death among the present
sample of aged schizophrenics.


To elucidate the protective mechanisms against photodamage in photosynthetic apparatus of rice, the difference in traits related to xanthophyll cycle, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic CO 2 exchange among indica japonica hybrids and their parents under midday strong light were studied. Obviously diurnal variation of apparent quantum yield (AQY), D1 protein content, ratio of photorespiration/photosynthesis (P r/P n), PS Ⅱ photochemical efficiency (F v/F m),non photochemical quenching (q N) and xanthophyll cycle[content of violaxanthin(V), antheraxanthin(A), and zeaxanthin(Z)] in leaves of different genotype rice were observed. Japonica rice kept higher D1 protein content, F v/F m and AQY, but lower level of (A+Z)/(A+Z+V), P r/P n and q N, as compared with indica rice. However, the physiological parameters mentioned above in reciprocal cross F 1 hybrids were between those of their parents, but closed to their maternal lines. The lower AQY and F v/F m and higher (A+Z)/(A+Z+V) and P r/P n in indica/japonica F 1 hybrids than in japonica/indica F 1 hybrids were depended on different source of their plastid genes. Data processing showed that markedly positive correlation between D1 protein content and F v/F m or AQY and negative correlation between D1 protein content and (A+Z)/(A+Z+V), P r/P n or q N were presented. Besides, a positive correlation between (A+Z)/(A+Z+V) and q N was also observed. Furthermore, there was less zeaxanthin content and , as a result, more net loss of D1 protein in the leaves treated with dithiothretol (DTT) than those in control leaves under midday strong light. According to these results, the levels and stabilities of D1 protein encoded by plastid gene from maternal line were proposed as the main physiological basis of the difference in characteristics related to xanthophyll cycle, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic CO 2 exchange among different genotypes of rice, and the xanthophyll cycle in leaves played an important role in protecting photosynthetic apparatus against photodamage.


Extended interaction oscillator based on a modulation electron beam is studied in order to develop a compact, miniaturization, and low voltage millimeter wave vacuum devices. A modulation electron beam can be obtained by a field emission carbon nanotube cold cathode electron gun based on a microstrip structure. A disc-loaded waveguide structure EIO operating in 2π mode is simulated. Simulation results show that an output power of 174W at 35GHz can be achieved by using an electron beam of 8 kV and 200 mA.


The present work is a mini‐review of the author's original work on the plant Passiflora incarnata Linn., which is used in several parts of the world as a traditional medicine for the management of anxiety, insomnia, epilepsy and morphine addiction. A tri‐substituted benzoflavone moiety (BZF) has been isolated from the bioactive methanol extract of this plant, which has been proposed in the author's earlier work to be responsible for the biological activities of this plant. The BZF moiety has exhibited significantly encouraging results in the reversal of tolerance and dependence of several addiction‐prone psychotropic drugs, including morphine, nicotine, ethanol, diazepam and delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol, during earlier pharmacological studies conducted by the author. In addition to this, the BZF moiety has exhibited aphrodisiac, libido‐enhancing and virility‐enhancing properties in 2‐year‐old male rats. When administered concomitantly with nicotine, ethanol and delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol for 30 days in male rats, the BZF also prevented the drug‐induced decline in sexuality in male rats. Because the BZF moiety isolated from P. incarnata is a tri‐substituted derivative of alpha‐naphthoflavone (7,8‐benzoflavone), a well‐known aromatase‐enzyme inhibitor, the mode of action of BZF has been postulated to be a neurosteroidal mechanism vide in which the BZF moiety prevents the metabolic degradation of testosterone and upregulates blood‐testosterone levels in the body. As several flavonoids (e.g. chrysin, apigenin) and other phytoconstituents also possess aromatase‐inhibiting properties, and the IC 50 value of such phytomoieties is the main factor determining their biochemical efficacy, by altering their chemical structures to attain a desirable IC 50 value new insights in medical therapeutics can be attained, keeping in view the menace of drug abuse worldwide.


Recently there has been a renewed interest in the chemical physics literature of factorization of the position representation eigenfunctions { Φ } of the molecular Schrödinger equation as originally proposed by Hunter in the 1970s. The idea is to represent Φ in the form j χ where χ is purely a function of the nuclear coordinates, while j must depend on both electron and nuclear position variables in the problem. This is a generalization of the approximate factorization originally proposed by Born and Oppenheimer, the hope being that an ' exact ' representation of Φ can be achieved in this form with j and χ interpretable as ' electronic ' and ' nuclear ' wavefunctions respectively. We offer a mathematical analysis of these proposals that identi fi es ambiguities stemming mainly from the singularities in the Coulomb potential energy.


This study explores the relationships of adult children with their parents, and their impact on the child's life satisfaction, in Israel and in Germany. Structural equation models tested three types of parental support (practical, emotional, and advice) and emotional closeness as predictors of the child's life satisfaction. Israeli students aged 21 to 40 years (N = 590) reported significantly more frequent social support and a higher degree of emotional closeness with their mothers than German students of the same age-group (N = 535). Differences between the Israeli and German samples were evident in the association of fathers' support and the child's emotional closeness. Significant positive associations were found between the degree of emotional closeness with mothers and fathers and the child's life satisfaction in both Israel and Germany. These findings suggest that emotional closeness continues to play an essential and universal role in the relationships between adult children and their parents.


Sputtered garnet films have a high potential for use as a magneto‐optical recording medium. However, the medium noise is thought to be large because of its crystal boundaries. We investigated the microstructure of films on GGG substrate, using TEM and SEM. The film crystallized by postannealing shows a rectangular hysteresis loop with high coercivity, and has an uneven surface. This is because the direction and size of each crystallite is not uniform. However, the film crystallized during deposition has quite a smooth surface, but does not have magnetic properties suitable for use in magneto‐optical recording. This film has a mosaiclike structure, in which all crystallites are uniformly oriented. We found that ion implantation of Ne+ and successive annealing of the film crystallized during deposition improved the magnetic properties without roughening the surface.Sputtered garnet films have a high potential for use as a magneto‐optical recording medium. However, the medium noise is thought to be large because of its crystal boundaries. We investigated the microstructure of films on GGG substrate, using TEM and SEM. The film crystallized by postannealing shows a rectangular hysteresis loop with high coercivity, and has an uneven surface. This is because the direction and size of each crystallite is not uniform. However, the film crystallized during deposition has quite a smooth surface, but does not have magnetic properties suitable for use in magneto‐optical recording. This film has a mosaiclike structure, in which all crystallites are uniformly oriented. We found that ion implantation of Ne+ and successive annealing of the film crystallized during deposition improved the magnetic properties without roughening the surface.


Background: Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) isoforms mediate the deacylation of phospholipids. Results: Acidic phospholipids and nucleotides associate with the C. elegans iPLA2 isoform IPLA-1 and modulate its activity. Conclusion: Acidic phospholipids and nucleotides play important roles in regulating iPLA2 function by enhancing membrane recruitment and promoting enzyme oligomerization. Significance: These findings highlight new regulatory mechanisms that control iPLA2 function. Phospholipase A2 activity plays key roles in generating lipid second messengers and regulates membrane topology through the generation of asymmetric lysophospholipids. In particular, the Group VIA phospholipase A2 (GVIA-iPLA2) subfamily of enzymes functions independently of calcium within the cytoplasm of cells and has been implicated in numerous cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, and membrane transport steps. However, mechanisms underlying the spatial and temporal regulation of these enzymes have remained mostly unexplored. Here, we examine the subset of Caenorhabditis elegans lipases that harbor a consensus motif common to members of the GVIA-iPLA2 subfamily. Based on sequence homology, we identify IPLA-1 as the closest C. elegans homolog of human GVIA-iPLA2 enzymes and use a combination of liposome interaction studies to demonstrate a role for acidic phospholipids in regulating GVIA-iPLA2 function. Our studies indicate that IPLA-1 binds directly to multiple acidic phospholipids, including phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, phosphatidic acid, and phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol. Moreover, the presence of these acidic lipids dramatically elevates the specific activity of IPLA-1 in vitro. We also found that the addition of ATP and ADP promote oligomerization of IPLA-1, which probably underlies the stimulatory effect of nucleotides on its activity. We propose that membrane composition and the presence of nucleotides play key roles in recruiting and modulating GVIA-iPLA2 activity in cells.


This paper deals with the problem of model reduction by moment matching for linear differential inclusions. The problem is formally formulated and the notions of moment-set and approximate reduced order model are introduced. We first solve the auxiliary problem of model reduction by moment matching for time-varying systems driven by time-varying signal generators. Then, we solve the problem of model reduction for linear differential inclusions. The results are illustrated by means of a numerical example.


The purpose of the study is to determine the level of readiness of municipalities in the Samara Oblast to introduce Industry 5.0 technologies. The authors propose a mathematical model that allows determining the level of readiness of municipalities in the Samara Oblast to introduce Industry 5.0 technologies with a further increase in the competitiveness of municipalities, select projects that are most suitable for the current level of preparation for Industry 5.0, and identify the main difficulties in their implementation. The study developed innovative indicators of the readiness of municipalities to enter Industry 5.0. The innovative indicators of the analysis that show the level of the preparation of municipalities for entering Industry 5.0 include: the indicator of manufacturability, internetization, the introduction of new technologies and others. The scope of the results is extensive. This study will be interesting to scientists involved in the digital economy, Big Data management. Keywords—Big Data, Industry 5.0, indicators, mathematical modeling I. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Today, society is moving towards a new industry 5.0, this industry is also denoted by the following terms: Industry 5.0, Society 5.0, Society 5.0, Super Smart Society. Under any of these terms there is a socio-economic and cultural strategy for the development of society based on the use of digital technologies in all spheres of life [1, 2]. Industry 5.0 includes nine key features (the use of autonomous robots, the modeling of complex objects, the use of integration systems, cyber security, Internet of things, cloud computing, additive manufacturing, and additional reality and Big Data technologies). This strategy for the society development is based on the technological structure, which is a set of related industries that have a single technical level and develop simultaneously. The change of technological structures occurs in the sequence shown in Figure 1. To enter Industry 5.0, it is necessary to determine the willingness of municipalities of the Volga region to join this company, for this a study was conducted to determine the readiness indicators of the municipalities to enter Industry 5.0 and it was possible to identify the dependence of increasing the competitiveness of the municipality and new indicators of the assessment system. Fig. 1. Change of technological modes. II. DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR IMPROVING THE MUNICIPALITY COMPETITIVENESS OF THROUGH THE USE OF INDUSTRY 5.0 TECHNOLOGIES The calculation of the possibility of entering Industry 5.0 technology is directly related to the notion of competitiveness of municipal entities. Competitiveness is the most important characteristic of the development of socio-economic systems, including territories. This area is one of the priorities for the research center of the Samara University of Public Administration "International Market Institute". For several years, the university conducted research on the competitiveness of territories: the region, urban districts, including small and single-industry towns, municipalities and rural settlements. The approach used is based on an understanding of competitiveness as the ability to compete in the process of competition for limited resources [1, 2]. The developed methodology is based on an economicmathematical model of an additive type for assessing the state of competitiveness of a territory:


There is a burning need for biomarkers for early diagnosis and long-term follow-up for several brain disorders, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI is the consequence of a mechanical force applied to the head with a wide range of severities. TBI represents a major public health issue. The clinical assessment of TBI severity relies on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) for the assessment of neurological function in combination with neuroimaging, such as computerized tomography (CT)-scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These approaches have been shown to be useful for severe and moderate TBI; however, these techniques show limitations for diagnosis and prognosis of mild TBI patients, which represent between 75 and 90% of all TBI cases. Better prognosis is important for repetitive head injuries, common in sports, because they have been associated with higher rate of chronic neurodegeneration. New diagnostic tools are needed for precise identification of at-risk patients in order to prevent disease progression. Serum biomarkers present a great advantage to be a low-cost and non-invasive diagnostic tool that allows repeat sampling in time to mirror the disease course and the response to treatment. There has been increased research on TBI biomarkers in the last 10 years, with a recent interest in the astrocytic proteins S100ß and glial fibrillary acid proteins (GFAP) as potential TBI markers. However, these markers did not succeed to transfer in clinics for early diagnosis because both markers showed an absence of TBI specificity and a delayed appearance in serum after injury. Halford et al.'s work outlines new astrocytic biomarkers called astroglial injury-defined (AID) biomarkers found at early time-points (less than 3 h) in the serum of TBI-patients even after mild injury. The authors used proteomics on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from severe TBI patients to define specific proteins for TBI. Then, they compared these proteins with proteins released after stretch injury in mouse astrocyte culture and identified four AID biomarkers: (1) aldolase C (ALDOC), (2) glutamine synthetase (GS), (3) brain lipid binding protein (BLBP) and (4) astrocytic phosphoprotein 15 (PEA15). Interestingly, energy metabolism and cerebral blood flow are frequently impaired after TBI even in mild TBI, and the four selected proteins are essential for astrocytes metabolism. The markers exhibited kinetic diversity after severe TBI, with a persistent increase of ALDOC and GS for several days after injury, while BLBP and PEA15 were present early after the impact but fluctuated on the following days. The groundbreaking result is the presence of ALDOC, BLBP and PEA15 in the hyper acute period after mild TBI (1 h at earliest); however, the degraded product of GFAP, also new for the field, is rarely observed in the serum of mild TBI patients. It is important to highlight that AID biomarkers were present in blood before CSF questioning the role of the glymphatic system for markers to reach blood compartment in pathophysiological conditions. The differential temporal increase of these proteins may reflect pathophysiological processes in astrocytes. The question is in part tackled in Halford et al.'s (2017) work using a control stretch injury model in human primary astrocyte culture. The AID biomarkers showed similar release pattern in vitro as in clinics, with a delayed release of GFAP-degraded products for the severe injury related to astrocyte death. These unique results suggest that AID biomarkers could be used as readout of astrocytes destiny (wounded or dead), to differentiate the severity of injury as well as to follow the disease progression over time. It is important to outline that AID biomarkers are present in severe and mild TBI suggesting that even mild injury alters astrocyte properties. In summary, the AID biomarkers provide a new hope to define sub-categories in TBI and follow the evolution of TBI pathophysiology. The astromarkers


Long term land use and transport strategies were developed to a high degree of sophistication in the 1960s. The author suggests that many of these have not been fully implemented and considers the reasons why. Developed in an atmosphere of growth many plans have since been replaced by short term strategies. No provision had been made for changes in the economy, replacement of labour by equipment or other social factors. Aspects of the structure of future society are considered critical to the design of transport systems and the author identifies a drift of population to the south, an increase in the elderly population and a significant low income sector as important factors in the future. The influence of public policy decision making is discussed with particular reference to the distribution of work opportunities. With limited resources the author forsees little change in the distribution of human activities. Future integrated public transport operations will not depend as much on major works as on improved management practices applied to the existing infrastructure. Techniques for preparing long and short term development programmes should place emphasis on management information systems sensitive to substantial short term fluctuations in local conditions and provide the data necessary to ensure high levels of operational effectiveness. For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 830760.


The paper adopts sub-carrier wave modulation technology to construct the Radio over Fiber(Ro F)and Wave Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network(WDM-PON) amalgamation system by combining Ro F and WDM-PON technology, which can realize the wavelength division multiplexing transmission of multi-channel wireless link signals and digital baseband signals in the system. On the condition of back to back, 10 km and 20 km, the paper adopts Optisystem 7.0 simulation software to simulate, the result of simulation demonstrates that the system can effectively transmit multi-channel wireless link signals and digital baseband signals.


This paper expatiates and compares light steelwork with light wood trusses from aspects of roof material,roof structure,construction process,structure design in building re-roofing project and so forth,and gives the expectation of the future development in re-roofing project.


Highly c-axis oriented Pb/sub 1-x/La/sub x/Ti/sub 1-x/4/O/sub 3/ (PLT) thin films were prepared by rf-magnetron sputtering on (100)MgO and (100)Pt/MgO substrate. These films were characterized by X-ray and electron diffraction and electron microscope. Thin film growth manner and c-axis orientation mechanism were discussed, Dielectric measurement revealed the phase transition behavior of PLT thin films. PLT thin film of x=0.15 shows an extremely large pyroelectric coefficient of 9.5/spl times/10/sup -8/ C/cm/sup 2/ K and low dielectric constant of 330.


The process of music performance is a two-level creation process. Music performance has two links, one is learning works, and the other is performing works. How to interpret the perfect works is a problem faced by many players. This paper objectively analyzes the causes and solutions of the problems in the performance of forgetting music through various research methods such as questionnaires and documents. This paper thinks that it is possible to try to find a solution to reduce the errors in performance and provide reference for the majority of students.


Human computational phantoms have been used extensively for scientific experimental analysis and experimental simulation. This article presented a method for human geometry reconstruction from a series of segmented images of a Chinese visible human dataset. The phantom geometry could actually describe detailed structure of an organ and could be converted into the input file of the Monte Carlo codes for dose calculation.A whole-body computational phantom of Chinese adult female has been established by FDS Team which is named Rad-HUMAN with about 28.8 billion voxel number. For being processed conveniently, different organs on images were segmented with different RGB colors and the voxels were assigned with positions of the dataset. For refinement, the positions were first sampled. Secondly, the large sums of voxels inside the organ were three-dimensional adjacent, however, there were not thoroughly mergence methods to reduce the cell amounts for the description of the organ. In this study, the voxels on the organ surface were taken into consideration of the mergence which could produce fewer cells for the organs. At the same time, an indexed based sorting algorithm was put forward for enhancing the mergence speed. Finally, the Rad-HUMAN which included a total of 46 organs and tissues was described by the cuboids into the Monte Carlo Monte Carlo Geometry for the simulation.The Monte Carlo geometry was constructed directly from the segmented images and the voxels was merged exhaustively. Each organ geometry model was constructed without ambiguity and self-crossing, its geometry information could represent the accuracy appearance and precise interior structure of the organs. The constructed geometry largely retaining the original shape of organs could easily be described into different Monte Carlo codes input file such as MCNP. Its universal property was testified and high-performance was experimentally verified


Some cytological observations were carried out to know the mechanism of decreased fertility in Gladiolus. Thirty cultivars were all tetraploid (2n=60). More or less univalent chromosomes appeared frequently during the meiotic division of PMCs, resulting various-shaped abortive pollen and unreduced ones. Embryosacs in ovaries of some varieties well developed at one day before anthesis and the eggs were fertilized normally by artificial pollination. In other varieties, however, defective embryosacs were produced and degenerated soon before anthesis.


The effects of acute digitalization upon the dynamics of the circulation were observed in patients with chronic cor pulmonale, using the technic of cardiac catheterization. The state of the circulation was further investigated in the same patients following recovery from failure. The mode of action of intravenous digoxin is discussed, and a tentative concept of the pathogenesis of chronic cor pulmonale is presented.


An evolving wavepacket study has been made of the rate of radiationless transition from a linear excited electronic state of a triatomic molecule to a lower dissociative bent state, brought about by vibronic interaction (the Renner-Teller effect) where both states correlate with a Π state in the linear configuration. The rate is found to increase (i) with decrease in the quantum number π2 of the upper state bending vibration, (ii) with increase in the quantum number K for the axial component of the total rotational angular momentum, and (iii) with increase in the divergence between the two Born-Oppenheimer potential curves upon bending. There is a maximum crossing probability of 50 per cent during one half-period of the bending vibration. The model is validated by calculating the rate of dissociation of HCO ⪷A 2 A″ → H + CO, giving close agreement with experiment. It is then applied in a discussion of the dissociation pathways for the [Btilde] 1 A 1 state of H2O, providing an explanation for the low quant...


One of the key characteristics of the ICT industry is convergence, which has to do with bringing together system technologies and actors from different industries. Components provided by various actors are integrated to create end-user services. The design of these service systems requires the collaboration of these actors in what are known as value webs or eco-systems. Attention has to be paid to the interrelatedness and co-evolution of the technological systems and the organisational domains. In this paper, two cases are presented to illustrate the interrelatedness of design-related choices in the systems and actor domain, showing the need to take both the technological systems design perspective and the actor design perspective into account. Furthermore, the need for a multi-theory and multi-method approach is illustrated. Next, the focus is on one of the core design challenges of ICT service systems, i.e., integrating systems components which are dealt with by using a layered design approach.


Al-Jazari and Leonardo da Vinci were two of the most noteworthy inventors and engineers of their respective time periods, the Islamic Golden Age that lasted from the VIII. to the XIII. century in the East, and the Renaissance that took place in Europe the XIV. to the XVII. centuries. Both were known for their exceptional talents and contributions to the fields of mechanics, automata, water-powered devices, and clockmaking. This work compares and contrasts their contributions to these fields; it will further explore the similarities and differences in their approaches to invention and innovation. In addition, although they lived at different times, it will also analyze whether da Vinci was directly or indirectly influenced by Al-Jazari's work, and whether there are similarities between the tools he used in his work with those of Al-Jazari.


Summary. Studies were undertaken to characterize the mechanism of action of the gonadal steroids responsible for decreasing growth of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Progesterone or testosterone at 20 μg/ml significantly increased the leakage of 14C activity from staphylococci pre-loaded with 14C-glucose. This enhancement of leakage was not detected with Gram negative micro-organisms. Hormonal diminution of total uptake of alanine was relatively independent of temperature and of the phase of culture. Anaerobiosis increased the steroidal diminution of alanine uptake c. 2-fold. Fraction-ation of staphylococci following exposure to various 14C-substrates in the presence of progesterone at 40 μg/ml did not reveal any distinctive influences on macromolecular syntheses. Entry of the labels into cellular pools, however, was altered for 8 of the 10 substrates tested. Exchange experiments detailed the effects of steroids on the efflux of internal alanine and lysine. With progesterone at 40 μg/ml, alanine effluxed from the internal pool 3 times as fast as from the corresponding controls. The opposite effect occurred with lysine and progesterone depressed its exit rate. The stepwise removal of cellular constituents indicated a preferential binding of hormones to cell wall components. Using 14C-progesterone or 14C-diethylstilbestrol, 24% and 29%, respectively, of the added hormone was firmly bound to mucopeptide preparations, compared to 1–5% bound to whole cells or isolated cell walls. We suggest that the hormones interfere with the integrated functioning of membrane-associated processes.


Abstract Coupling of the spatially oriented gradient of the effective property (anisotropy) of a fluid generated by a primary field with the action of a secondary field of different nature can be exploited to form the focused zones of particalate species dispersed in continuum fluid and to separate them according to differences responding to the property gradient of the continuum. This concept applied in focusing field-flow fractionation was developed the oretically. Preliminary experiments were performed to demonstrate the establishment of the density gradient by the effect of primary electric field and the formation of the focused zones by the effect of secondary gravitational field under static (non-flow) as well as under dynamic (elution due to fluid flow) conditions. The use of the proposed method is intended for analytical and preparative separations of particles of the biological and synthetic origin.


This paper aims to conduct a study of automation to a system of water supply, performing engineering in detail the current state of the factory as well as the proposed new design, using basic principles of instrumentation, electrical and computer design.
The objective of this project was to make a design automation to measure specific variables such as level and pressure in different areas also seek efficiency in water use and work under occupational safety standards in the system of water supply and of this way avoid waste of water resources in different areas of the process.
The project is complemented by a financial analysis of all areas designed to show the cost benefit of implementing automation, plus recovery time that the company will cover the amount of investment in automation designed in this project.


This report is a revised version of report IR/04/112. It describes the stratigraphy of the Chalk
Group in the Wells-next-the-Sea district (Sheet 130), and forms a contribution to the Sheet
Description and Sheet Explanation.


Studies on information system success and evaluation have been done for several decades. However, an evaluation should be followed by system improvement to give practical contribution to organization. This study proposes an integrated step to evaluate an IS success and analyze its improvement opportunities based on user requirements. To aim this objective, DeLone & McLean success model, KANO model and QFD concept are utilized. A case study of Electronic Disposition and Mailing System (EDMS) in Ministry of State Secretariat Indonesia is presented to illustrate the use of proposed method. The results indicate that priorities of needs are different before and after the integration of Kano's Model in QFD.


Rural governance structure develops and transforms with the state's political and economic demands.The paper discusses the logic of transformation among town politics,village governance and patriarchal clan functions in the last hundred years.Starting from analyzing the traditional small farmer agriculture,it makes a relative analysis on intrinsic and extensive elements of governance structure changes and proposes 4 viewpoints on strengthening efficiency of the rural governance in modern times.


Peter Sahlins, 1668. The Year of the Animal in France, New York (The MIT Press) 2017, 491 p., 56 b/w and col. ill., ISBN 978-1-93540899-4, USD 34,95.


Solid modeling is computationally intensive. Thus far its use in industry has been limited mainly to simple parts and simple applications, and this is not likely to change much until 'massive' computing power can be made available at an affordable cost. The RayCasting Engine is one specialized source of 'massive' computing power for solid modeling, and it is but the simplest member of a potentially large family of 'classification computers'. The RayCasting Engine (RCE) is a highly parallel, custom-VLSI computer that classifies grids of parallel lines against solids represented in CSG. The sets of parallel 'in' segments that the RCE produces are called ray representations (ray-reps); they can be thought of as sampled boundary representations. Ray-reps are obviously useful for graphics and mass-property calculation. Less obviously, they are surprisingly versatile if one exploits special properties – for example, boolean combination of solids by interval operations on ray-reps – and the fact that ray-reps are cheap to compute. Overall, the combination of a 'new' representation scheme (ray-reps) and a fast custom processor (the RCE) is changing our approach to solid modeling. We are now seeking 'brute force' solutions to problems, and are finding that some previously intractable problems – for example, spatial sweeping and offsetting – are effectively computable and easy to program. This paper summarizes the genesis and principles of the RCE, some important properties of ray representations, and some exemplary applications of the (ray-rep, RCE) combination.


Computer vision performances have been significantly improved in recent years by Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Currently, applications using CNN algorithms are deployed mainly on general purpose hardwares, such as CPUs, GPUs or FPGAs. However, power consumption, speed, accuracy, memory footprint, and die size should all be taken into consideration for mobile and embedded applications. Domain Specific Architecture (DSA) for CNN is the efficient and practical solution for CNN deployment and implementation. We designed and produced a 28nm Two-Dimensional CNN-DSA accelerator with an ultra power-efficient performance of 9.3TOPS/Watt and with all processing done in the internal memory instead of external DRAM. It classifies 224x224 RGB image inputs at more than 140fps with peak power consumption at less than 300mW and an accuracy comparable to the VGG benchmark. The CNN-DSA accelerator is reconfigurable to support CNN model coefficients of various layer sizes and layer types, including convolution, depth-wise convolution, short-cut connections, max pooling, and ReLU. Furthermore, in order to better support real-world deployment for various application scenarios, especially with low-end mobile and embedded platforms and MCUs (Microcontroller Units), we also designed algorithms to fully utilize the CNN-DSA accelerator efficiently by reducing the dependency on external accelerator computation resources, including implementation of Fully-Connected (FC) layers within the accelerator and compression of extracted features from the CNN-DSA accelerator. Live demos with our CNN-DSA accelerator on mobile and embedded systems show its capabilities to be widely and practically applied in the real world.


The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia may affect changes in the daily behavior of the Timor deer in the Deer Captivity at the Grand Forest Park, Wan Abdul Rachman. The purpose of this study was to determine the daily behavior of the Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) during the COVID-19 pandemic at the Wan Abdul Rachman (WAR) Forest Park Deer Captivity (Tahura). The objects used are 4 male and female Timor deer. This study uses the Scan Sampling method with an interval of 10 minutes and starts from 08.00 - 17.00 WIB. Based on observations of the behavior of the Timor deer in captivity of the Tahura WAR Deer, it can be concluded that the most common behaviors are resting behavior (54.42%), eating behavior (34.95%), shifting behavior (6.37%), other behavior (2 ,6%), sleeping behavior (1,28%), self-playing behavior (0.79%) and social behavior (0.37%). During the COVID-19 pandemic (in 2021) there was an increase in the percentage of resting behavior (54.42%), sleeping (1.28%), social (0.37%), playing alone (0.79%) and others ( 2.6%) compared to the results of research before the covid-19 pandemic (in 2018) namely resting behavior (33.1%), sleeping (0.05%), social (0.26%), playing alone (0.6%) 1%) and others (2.45%). Meanwhile, the results of observations of the daily behavior of the Timor deer at the Tahura WAR Deer Captivity during the covid-19 pandemic (in 2021) showed a decrease in the percentage of eating behavior (34.95%) and moving (6.37%) compared to before the covid-19 pandemic (year). 2018) with the value of eating behavior (54.05%) and shifting behavior (9.99%). The difference in daily behavior shown to Timor deer in captivity is due to a decrease in the number of visitors due to the pandemic.


Born of necessity based system of personal training, educational management, has identified and secured vital and new features of the teacher in teaching and learning of future teachers. With the introduction of new information technologies in the process of learning management becomes widely understood concept of educational management. It is interesting to study the views of domestic and foreign scholars . In Ukraine, the development of the theory of educational reforms highlighted A.Vasylyuk who shared their district number of classification of educational reform. International experience shows that the theory of educational reforms has over thirty years of experience of the development and improvement. The characteristic of the reform of the international treasury generali-zation of experience, as it lays the foundation for the modern theory of educational reform and educational reformolohiyi. Four-volume collection of the most important ideas, characteristics of practical experience in a wide range of educational reforms. Also pay attention in particular to the theoretical position Y.Ch.Cheng where he analyzes contemporary reforms that allow to characterize the level of the educational system, on which the reform program of the thrust and overall strategy changes. In the dissertation research looks at the problem of the study. This article contains material research and evaluate different points of view on the issue of a systematic approach using educational management in the implementation of reforms.


Based on the connections between upper reaches and lower reaches of Jiulongjiang River,the scope of coastal ecosystem management can be extended to its drainage.The conceptual models have been constructed which show the effects of anthropogenic pressures on ecosystem of Jiulongjiang River.The causal relationships between the anthropogenic pressures and ecosystem health and services are described by the models,which are developed as a foundational tool to help the managers to learn the pressure sources,mechanisms of impacts and the endpoints of this process,in order to guide the local management activities in estuary waters.


Transnational private regulation (TPR) is a growing phenomenon. It creates new markets and dissolves old ones. TPR contributes to the regulation of existing markets, it increases the protection of fundamental rights and it enables or disables communities to participate in global rule making. The standing of TPR and its role regulatory control continues to grow. TPR presents new characteristics departing from more conventional forms of domestic self-regulation. It reflects a transfer of regulatory power from the domestic to the transnational and from the public to the private sphere with significant distributional consequences. Such transfers modify but do not necessarily reduce the role of States especially in relation to standards' implementation and enforcement. While there is a common core of similar features across regimes, the degree of sector specificity is high, determined by context-specific institutional and economic factors, different drivers and regulatory needs. The Report addresses the development of transnational private regulation in three macro-areas: financial markets, consumer protection and fundamental rights. It encompasses 11 case studies focusing on four dimensions: legitimacy, quality, effectiveness and enforcement. The 11 case study sectors are briefly outlined in Appendix 1. These case studies have been conducted in the context of the research project Transnational Private Regulation: Constitutional Foundations and Governance Design.


Results are presented of a world survey of secondary documentation services in the fields of agriculture, fisheries, food science and technology and related subjects. Statistical and descriptive data, mostly relating to the year 1971, are given for 124 title and 230 abstract services operating in 41 countries and having a total annual output of 632 000 title citations and 1 137 000 abstracts. Output of title citations by country was highest for the USA with 34 % of the total, followed by France with 17 %, UK 9 %, Netherlands 7 % and Federal Republic of Germany with 6 %. For abstracts, output was highest for the USA with 35 % of the total, USSR 12 %, UK and Czechoslovakia each with 9 %, France 7 %, Federal Republic of Germany 6 % and Netherlands 3 %. 46 % of the total output of abstracts was published in English, followed by 13 % for Russian, 9 % for French and 8 % for Czech. 29 title services and 45 abstract services used computerized data processing methods.


Public awareness campaigns to achieve early diagnosis of bowel cancer can result in large numbers of people worrying, many of who see their GP unnecessarily—the 'worried well'. This can lead to over-referral and investigation of patients in hospital, and the inappropriate use of scarce clinical and financial resources with little evidence of benefit to those with cancer. There is a sound evidence base for a simple self-assessment by people with symptoms to stratify their risk of having bowel cancer. However, it is difficult to provide this sort of complex information in a way that is easy to understand and at the right time. The authors feel that online decision support could be the answer. This article describes the development of the first online, professionally endorsed bowel symptom checker for people in the community.


We propose a tunable encoder/decoder based on polarization modulation for the spectrum amplitude coded-optical code-division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) passive optical network (PON) and experimentally demonstrate its coding/decoding performance for the first time. The experiment result verifies that the encoder/decoder with 40-dB blocking ratio can fully suppress the unwanted spectral slices and performs good coding/decoding capability. Code length of 45 and code weight of 9 are demonstrated for proof-of-concept.


The results of an Anomalous X-ray Scattering experiment performed on Sr(PO 3 ) 2 and Eu 0.1 Sr 0.9 (PO 3 ) 2.1 glasses are presented. These are the first measurements carried out on GILDA (General purpose Italian beamLine for Diffraction and Absorption) diffractometer, located at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble. To obtain detailed information about the local order on pure and Eu-doped Sr-metaphosphate glasses both samples were investigated near the Sr K-edge (16.107 KeV), while the latter was also studied near the Eu K-edge (48.517 KeV).


Based on the practical survey to Nanping City,desktop research and systematic analysis,the paper puts forward that to realize the objectives for the 11th five-year plan of Nanping's forestry and to boost the healthy development of the second forestry industry for intensified growth,the City should plan as a whole,adopt corresponding measures to answer actively by emphasize particularly on five aspects as following: perfecting the industry development program scientifically,especially in developing the major leading trades,extending the industry chain through technology innovation,promoting clean production to provide green products,carrying out name brand strategy to upgrade the value of products,and cultivating industrial groups to boost the competition advantage of forestry.