Network operators need an integrated view of the global telecommunications network on which they operate. This is provided by standard based integrated management. As part of this global network, distribution networks have to provide management interfaces offering such integration capabilities, i.e., based on management standards. TMN standards offer tools to model either this global network or any network equipment. An example of management of an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) passive optical network (PON) is given, and some guidelines for the management of the distribution networks are provided.


Having a plurality of pixel portions (707) surrounded by the partition wall (706) on a substrate (742). Comprising: a step of forming the partition wall (706) having a lyophobic property on the substrate (742); the pixel portion (707) of the droplet ejection exhibits lyophilic lyophilic liquid layer to form a lyophilic (710) step; droplet applying coloring material (790R) step lyophilic layer is formed on the pixel portion (707) (710) after. Wetting properties resulting in high diffusion in the pixel.


Experimental investigation is performed to investigate the cooling characteristics in the front zone of effusion configuration. Effects of blowing ratio,multi-hole arrangement mode,hole-to-hole pitch and jet orientation angle on the adiabatic film cooling effectiveness are concentrated on. The results show that the film layer displays an obvious"developing"feature in the front zone of effusion cooling scheme,for either the staggered or inline multi-hole arrangement. The varying gradient of the laterally-averaged adiabatic cooling effectiveness along the streamwise direction is greater for the staggered arrangement than that for the inline arrangement. The holes array arranged in staggered mode with small hole-tohole pitches is in favor of obtaining developed film coverage layer rapidly.


Two years ago in Walkerton, Ont., drinking water contaminated with bacteria made more than 2300 people ill and caused 7 deaths. The full consequences, from renal damage caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7, will not be felt for many years. Canada was shocked to find itself welcoming the 21st century


British geological community. Once broad consensus about the meaning of the evidence was achieved, the debate was over. Finally, Oldroyd discusses the ontological basis of scientific theories. He tries to find a middle ground between positivists and social constructivists. On one hand, he argues that scientific knowledge about the world grows and becomes more &dquo;verisimilitudinous.&dquo; On the other hand, he argues that we have no independent way of getting to know the world other than through science. Later, he says, &dquo;I believe that scientific theories about the world and its


This paper describes the experience of the Department of Mechanical Engineering (ME) at The University of Toledo (UT) during the past fourteen years in introducing engineering students to Assistive Technology. This is done during the course of the ME Senior Design projects when students custom design devices for individuals in the community with physical disabilities. The goal of these projects is to assist individuals with disabilities so they can enjoy life and realize their maximum potential. Furthermore, these projects significantly enrich the education of engineering students through the experience of designing and building devices to meet a real need; students also get feedback on how well the device satisfies that need. These projects are aimed at designing and constructing devices that will allow disabled individuals to improve the quality of their life without suffering from the associated financial burdens. Accomplishing these projects also provides support for an educational infrastructure that allows students to enhance their understanding of physiological, environmental, and biomechanical factors that influence aimed at enhancing quality of life. Students also have the opportunity to present their products to their peers—most of these projects are presented by students at local, national and international ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) and RESNA (Rehabilitation Engineering Society of North America) meetings—and to publish their work in peer-reviewed publications. Finally, these projects also provide the ME Department with an opportunity to offer a unique service to the local community. Description of the Senior Design Course in the Mechanical Engineering Department: The catalog description of the ME Senior Design course is provided in the 2006-2008 catalog of the University as follows: "Students work in teams using knowledge gained in earlier courses to solve real design, manufacturing, and operational problems relevant to industry. Oral and written communications with participating companies, as well as teamwork, are stressed. Other topics include patents, product liability, safety, ethics, and design for manufacturing." Class meetings, participation, and role of Course Director and Project Technical Advisor: One faculty member serves as Course Director and is in charge of all administrative aspects of the course, including identifying the projects to be conducted by the students. Each group is supervised by a Faculty Advisor (Project Technical Advisor) and a Client Advisor. The Project Technical Advisor and the Client Advisor meet with their groups on a weekly basis. Activities during the class meetings may typically include lectures and guest lectures on topics such as the design process, creativity, product liability, patents, and the business world. The frequency of the class meetings is determined by the Course Director. Attendance is taken at the P ge 13521.2 beginning of each class period. Part of the grade is determined by attendance. Students are responsible for all materials, announcements, schedule and grading policy changes discussed in class. Organization of Senior Design Projects: 1. Project Identification: Senior Design projects are typically proposed by local industries, faculty and students. Each project is supervised by one or more faculty advisor and possibly an industrial contact. Each prospective project is presented to the class in a brief (about 5 to 10 minutes) presentation by the client or Faculty Advisor during the first class meeting. Each class member submits a list of his first, second and third choices by the end of the first week of class. Requests are submitted to the Course Director, who assigns students to projects considering, insofar as possible, student preferences. Project groups are typically selected with 3-4 group members.


In a recent issue ofThe Journal, 1 there appeared a note concerning the administration of nitroglycerin in which the correspondent (Dr. Maddox) referred to a case under treatment at my service in the Jefferson Medical College in 1888. This patient was an interesting example of rapidly-acquired tolerance to the drug, as he was taking, as remarked by Dr. Maddox, when seen by him in the clinic of Dr. Da Costa, 20 grains of pure nitroglycerin daily. It may be of interest to state that this and similar cases in which marked tolerance to nitroglycerin was easily acquired, I made the subject of several papers some years ago. I reported this particular case in the Philadelphia Polyclinic in August and in December, 1888, under the caption of "Remarkable Tolerance to Nitroglycerin." Later, in a paper entitled "Tolerance to Nitroglycerin Easily Acquired: Limitations of Use of the Drug in Chronic Nephritis,"2


When learners just begin to learn the DSP Digital Signal Processor they often encounter some issues.This paper provides some resolvents about these issues.


Social enterprises (SEs) blend social goals with for-profit motive and such a blending provides unique opportunity and challenges for the enterprise. Owing to their primary goal of solving social problems, SEs emerge in areas where government fails to solve issues and private sector does not find them to be profitable to pursue. Such a context poses unique challenges for social enterprise in terms of availability of resource because their predominant social focus fail to tap in to traditional sources for resources unlike their private counterparts. This creates challenges for resource management of SEs. SEs, which otherwise fulfill their social mission, but due to nature of their business are 'core-stigmatized' further discourage external resource holders to associate and share resources with such SE creating additional resource challenges because of the stigma attached to the business. Hence, it is interesting to understand how such 'core stigmatized' SEs manage their resources. With limited research in this area, studies may need to understand this through in- depth investigation of one or more revelatory cases of a SE that is stigmatized because of the nature of its core product like tobacco, men's' bath-house. Following established process of inductive theory building such studies may develop grounded resource management framework. Such studies have important implications for literature on social entrepreneurship particularly of the stigmatized type as also contribute to designing grounded research in such emerging areas.


Currently, the performance of the conventional airport navigation lighting system can't meet the functional requirements of an airport under combat readiness or emergency state. A new type of airport navigation lighting system in mobile wireless ad hoc network is proposed in this paper. The system consists of a monitoring center, a coordinator and a number of terminal nodes. It can be flexibly transferred, concealed in time, remotely controlled, quickly started and networked on demand. According to the functions and the distribution characteristics of the navigation luminaries in the airfields, the terminal nodes are grouped according to regions. The cluster heads are selected in each group according to the energy of nodes and the distribution distance between nodes. By comparing the advantages and the disadvantages between the Cluster-Tree protocol and the AODVjr protocol, an optimized routing algorithm is proposed. In order to reduce the number of hops of RREQ broadcast packets and prevent the invalid RREQ flooding, this algorithm adopts the neighbor table algorithm of ZigBee protocol and regional grouping method. The results of the simulations and the test of small-scale hardware show that this optimization algorithm can effectively reduce the number of routing hops, shorten the transmission delay, reduce the number of dead nodes and improve the success rate of data transmission.


The purpose of this empirical study is to use an interdisciplinary approach across labour economics, behavioural economics and social economics to explain female labour market statuses, in particular joblessness choices and conditions. We propose a new theoretical framework, based on Sen's capability approach, new derived variables for the British Household Panel Survey and a new empirical methodology to estimate the probabilities of different labour market categories. Our results show that, in addition to the standard human capital variables, labour market statuses are markedly influenced by the interplay of environmental, social, psychological factors and personal views and values, such as disposition and conformity towards local social rules and to social relations' (network) norms, degree of confidence and optimism, risk attitude, job and life satisfaction, preferences for the status quo and plans for the future. We find that the predicted probability of joblessness improves substantially when we move from the traditional into the multi- dimensional approach. Adding new variables to allow for more constraints and opportunities provides a richer and more refined view of factors affecting non employment and helps to recognize and explain better status of people within "similar" groups as well as to identify more accurately those people whose status in not in line with the "expected" (such as the employed against the odds and the voluntary" non- employed). We found that there are some clear idiosyncrasies across the different types of joblessness in particular when it comes to the category of carers, a unique feature of female joblessness. Our model predicts that being more embedded in a local community, having stronger values for family life and stronger ties with close "inactive" friends, facing potential income losses in changing labour market status (as measured by counterfactual labour income versus actual non labour income), are all factors that increase the odds of being a carer relative to being unemployed and that prompt carers to choose or preserve their status quo. Social environment matters in reinforcing personal attitude producing a sort of confirmation bias effect that suggests that social influence is more effective across similarly minded people. The results suggest that policies focused on areas where high levels of inactivity is present, working with large friendship groups within these areas could be used to motivate groups of individuals into work. Prospective financial losses (of receiving a labour income lower than non labour income if a carer became employed) increase the odds of being a carer while potential labour income gains would always decrease the odds of being carers versus any other category, particularly when the other categories are students and unemployed (i.e., those more potentially "attached" to the labour market). The results suggest a role for in work benefits such as the tax credits system, the national minimum wage and benefit reforms as policy options to help make work pay and provide incentives to work. Finally, designing active labour market policies that are more tailored to the characteristics of the individual job seeker could prove a fruitful avenue for policies such as the Work Programme.


Gold (Au) nanoparticles were fabricated in thin glass films by a sol−gel process and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Using a conductive AFM cantilever, local reduction of Au(III) ions doped in a dip-coated silica/titania gel film generated Au particles embedded at a certain position of the film. The size of the particles were controlled by the voltages applied between the cantilever and an indium−tin oxide coated glass substrate. Scanning the biased cantilever produced Au particles dispersing in the scan area which exhibited a visible absorption spectrum corresponding to the typical surface plasmon band of nanometer scale Au particles. Further scanning resulted in Au clusters heaped up at the scan area, which gave a red-shifted absorption band due to aggregation.


Heap entities tend to contain complex references to each other. To manage this complexity, types which express shapes and hi- erarchies have been suggested. We survey type systems which describe such hierarchic shapes, how these types are used for reasoning about programs, and applications in concurrent programming. Most imperative programs create and manipulate heap entities (objects, or records) which contain references to each other forming intricate topologies. This creates complexity, and makes programs difficult to understand and ma- nipulate. Programmers, on the other hand, tend to think in terms of shapes, categorizations and hierarchies. Thus, in the last decade, types describing shapes and hierarchies have been proposed to express programming intuitions, to support verification, and for syn- chronization and optimizations. We will discuss types for hierarchic shapes in terms of object oriented programming, because, even though the ideas are ap- plicable to any imperative language, most of the related research was conducted in the context of object oriented languages.


NASA's SR2 8-bladed propeller rotating at 6487rpm [1, 2, 3, 4] Advance Ratio of 3.06 and Mach Number of 0.6 is used to assess the aerodynamic and noise performance prediction capabilities of a standard commercial CFD code.The main purpose of this study is to benchmark the performance prediction against experimental data for Power Coefficient and near-field noise measurements. Comparisons are made between single rotating and multiple rotating regions across a sliding mesh interface. We also focus on the effectiveness of capturing the downstream convection of tip vortex structures, in the wake of the propeller, modeled with all 8 blades, with a view towards using the approach to understand the interaction of these wake features with aerodynamic surfaces.Noise predictions are performed using the standard FfowcsWilliams-Hawkings impermeable surface method for rotating dipoles. This is compared with near-field noise predictions using direct noise simulation from the unsteady compressible CFD code and experimental data, in terms of the measured dB intensity at the blade passing frequency and harmonics.Additional unsteady CFD simulation was conducted for a separate SR2 propeller with a calibrated blade angle. The preliminary results of the direct near-field noise computation of dB intensity at the blade passing frequency have shown improved agreement with wind tunnel data at aft angles to the propeller plane.Practices are demonstrated which result in low dependency on the sliding mesh interface location. Tip vortex structures and downstream convection are well captured by judicious choice of mesh refinement in the wake of the propeller.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


In this paper I will offer a reading of certain aspects of the thought of Thomas Aquinas on the doctrine of the Trinity—in particular, a reading of some of the more technical elements of Thomas's treatment, of things he has to say about processions, relations, and about the persons of the Trinity in relation to the divine essence. I will propose that at least some of what Thomas lays out here is best understood (or at the very least that it can be understood) in terms of theology reaching its limits, in terms, to put it very bluntly, of the dead-ends of theology. At various stages Thomas proposes things, I shall argue, that we cannot possibly grasp or make sense of, and if we suppose Thomas to be someone from whom we can learn, we should perhaps neither skip lightly past these elements in his thought, nor try to persuade ourselves that if we strain and squint hard enough we can just about see what he means. We should at least consider the possibility that one of the things to learn from Thomas can be learned precisely from the way in which he is content to present us, at times, with proposals which neither he nor we can grasp. My aim, then, is to look to Thomas to explore something about the limits of theology, and about the way we ought to conduct ourselves in the presence of that which we cannot grasp. 1 To begin with, however, a little about the context in which this reading of Thomas takes place. Much has been written in the last few years on the Trinity in Aquinas, and much of this has been written with the aim of rehabilitating Thomas and so rediscovering the value of his Trinitarian thought. The need for this rehabilitation stems from the fact that, in the broader revival of Trinitarian theology over the last 40 years or so, Aquinas has often been presented as a classic example of thinking about the Trinity gone wrong, Trinitarian theology done in such a way as to make the doctrine seem sterile, confusing and irrelevant. To provide a context for my own proposal, then, I need first to lay out what have become common criticisms of Aquinas, and then to say a little about the various renewed readings of Thomas which have called these criticisms into question.


A numerical model was used to examine the consequences of transience and nonlinearity in the critical-level interaction of an internal gravity wave. Wave packets in a shear flow were observed to evolve as predicted by the linear, initial-value results of Booker and Bretherton (1967) until convectively unstable layers evolved. Once formed, such layers were found to break down via a convective instability, presumably resulting in the turbulent dissipation of the incident wave packet. Several simulations were used to illustrate the transient stabilization of, and the Eulerian mean flow accelerations induced by, critical-level interactions. Other simulations were performed to examine the evolution of a wave packet in a time-dependent shear flow. The latter suggest that critical-level absorption and wave action dissipation can be either greatly accelerated or effectively eliminated depending upon the tendency of the mean velocity shear. The implications of these findings for internal gravity wave propagation in the atmosphere and the oceans are discussed.


WUI is the wildland-urban interface. It is the area where homes and urban sprawl press against the wildland, and includes both interface and intermix communities.


Novozym'D 435-catalyzed transesterification of ethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamate (ethyl ferulate, EF) with triolein to form the ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing lipids monoferuloylmonooleoyl-glycerol (FMO) and feruloyl-dioleoyl-glycerol (FDO) has been conducted using supercritical CO" (SC-CO)) batch reactions. The alcoholysis of 0.1 /v\ EF with 0.1 M 1-oct;mol in SCCO2 to form octyl ferulate was used as a model reaction to optimize pressure and temperature conditions. Conditions ranging from 45 to 80 C and 10.3 to 34.5 MPa (1,500 to 5,000 psi) were tested with a maximal conversion of 53% of the EF being achieved at 13.8 MPa (2,000 psi) and 80C after 24 h. These optimized conditions applied to the transesterification of EF with triolein effected a combined Flv\O and FDO yield of 69%. Triolein exhibits higher solubilities in SC-CO J at higher pressures; therefore, the transesterification was performed at 80 e C over a range of pressures from 13.8 to 34.5 MPa (2,000 to 5,000 psi). Results showed that a maximal yield of 74% of FMO and FDO was reached at 80 C and 24.1 MPa (3,500 psi) after 48 h. Compared to the FMO and FDO synthesis conducted neat or in toluene, the synthesis of the UV-absorbing lipids in SC-CO) affords higher yields within a shorter amount of time. Therefore~ the transesterification of EF with triolein in a SC-CO, batch reaction is a viable route to UV-absorbing lipids that could be used as active ingredients in sunscreen formulations, Paper no. )9680 in JAOeS 78, 43-47 (January 2001).


that the number of cancer cases would double by the year 2050. Unfortunately, while the number of patients with cancer is increasing, many hospitals and physician practices will be facing reduced Medicare and other third-party reimbursement for the services they provide. Health care leadership is beginning to question whether the industry can sustain the high quality of service it currently provides in the face of these challenges. The impact of increased patient volumes and reduced reimbursement is affecting everyone: community hospitals, regional medical centers, academic medical centers, and private practices. Cancer care providers must plan more effectively and invest necessary resources wisely to manage the growth of their cancer programs and keep them solvent. A comprehensive strategic plan is the "road map" to building and sustaining a successful cancer center. Although strategic planning can be an overwhelming process that may require outside help from consultants, many hospitals can create a strategic plan "inhouse" with the proper commitment of resources and time. A cancer center's in-house strategic planning team should involve the principal "stakeholders" in the cancer program, including the hospital's executives; physician leaders from medical oncology, radiation oncology, surgery, pathology, and radiology; and representatives from nursing, the pharmacy, clinical operations, finance, planning, marketing, and public relations. Strategic planning should include answers to the following questions: THE MARKET: How many people are you serving and to what demographic groups do they belong? Do you have competition? What are your marketing opportunities? THE ORGANIZATION: What is your organizational structure and how strong is your administrative and physician leadership? THE PHYSICIAN PRACTICE STRUCTURE: Is it productive and efficient? What are its referral sources? PATIENT CARE: Do your patients have a clear access IL LU S TR AT IO N B Y J A M E S E N D IC O TT Before proceeding with any analysis, a baseline definition of cancer care needs to be agreed upon by the strategic planning team members. Historically, cancer care has been limited to radiation oncology and hematology/oncology services. The recommended alternative is using an ICD-9 diagnosis code-driven definition, which provides a richer understanding of all cancer services and downstream revenue. ICD9 diagnosis codes bridge gaps between inpatient and outpatient services for hospitals and physicians. The clinical activity that must be evaluated for cancer care includes the primary and secondary ICD-9 diagnosis codes (140.0 to 239.9—malignant and benign neoplasms) and V07.3, V15.3, V58.0, V58.1, V66.1, V66.2, and V67.1 or V67.2 (chemotherapy and radiation therapy). Effective Strategic


The sorption of Pb2+ , Cd2+ , and Sr2+ ions from aqueous solutions by carbonate-substituted calcium hydroxyapatite (HAP) obtained by the hydrothermal decomposition of urea and calcium–ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid chelates was investigated. The shift of the point of zero charge ( pHpzc ) of HAP toward lower pH values in solutions of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions, which was more pronounced for Pb2+ ions than for Cd2+ ions, indicates that specific adsorption of these cations on HAP had occurred. There was no shift of the pHpzc in the solution containing Sr2+ ions, suggesting that specific adsorption of this cation on HAP had not occurred. The sorption isotherms suggest that the sequence of the efficiency of sorption by HAP is Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Sr2+ . Ion exchange is the main mechanism of removal of Sr2+ ions from aqueous solution by apatite, whereas during the sorption of Cd2+ ions, this mechanism occurs simultaneously with the process of specific adsorption. The interaction of the apatite with Pb2+ ions includes the pr...


Pig is regarded as the most suitable unlimited source to solve the shortage of human dornor. However,there existes potential risk of infection because pig carrying porcine endogenous retrovirus,which severely impact the use of pig organs,tissues and cells in the clinical application. So,it is important to illuminate the infection risks of porcine endogenous retrovirus before used in clinical xenotransplantation.


An autoinjector for the rapid and automatic injection of a medication bolus comprising: a flat box (10) having peripheral dimensions approximated to those of a credit card and longitudinally arranged front (18) and rear ends; a syringe (82) adapted to contain an injectable medicament, the syringe including a flat body of the syringe contained within the box and having a compressible volume to allow a predetermined volume of injectable medication to be expelled by force from the syringe and a injection needle (90) arranged to communicate with the inside of the syringe body, both the syringe body and the needle being disposed inside the box in a retracted position, a self-contained energy source (146) to longitudinally propel the syringe as a single piece from the retracted position to an injection position in which the needle extends longitudinally to beyond the front end of the box to penetrate the tissue; and at least a portion of the syringe body movable by the energy source (146) after the needle has been extended to the injection position, to compress the syringe volume to a predetermined volume and eject a corresponding bolus to that default volume.


The present invention provides a multilayer film, which preferably comprises two skin layers, the two outer core and inner core layer, preferably the two skin layers each comprise low density polyethylene, the two outer core layer preferably comprises an additive and a styrene block block copolymer, the inner core preferably comprises an additive and a styrene block copolymer.


The Child Support Demonstration Evaluation has used an experimental design to assess the impact of a full pass-through of child support on the establishment of child support orders and paternity, the payment and receipt of child support, the use of public assistance programs, and labor force participation of parents. The analyses reported in the main section of the report have relied on data gathered from the state of Wisconsin's administrative data systems to evaluate the experiment. This appendix provides information on the design of the experiment, its implementation, the sources and quality of the data available for the analyses, and the methodology used in the analyses. In Section 1, we describe the original evaluation design, problems faced in implementing this design, and the strategies used to overcome them. Section 2 documents the administrative data sources that we used. Section 3 describes how we selected our final research population. Section 4 discusses whether the experimental and control groups are equivalent, examining whether there was a difference in the rate of entry to W-2 between those in the experimental and control groups within each cohort. Section 5 compares the characteristics of the experimental and control groups in our final sample. Section 6 includes a discussion of the method we used to evaluate the effects of the full pass-through and to compare effects for the two cohorts. In contrast to AFDC, which provided an entitlement to cash assistance with limited work requirements, TANF-funded assistance is generally limited to 5 years, with recipients required to work within 2 years. Wisconsin has adopted a work-first model; the philosophy and structure of W-2 emphasize immediate employment. Under W-2, almost all participants are placed in one of four tiers of employment or employment experience. W-2 tiers and payments are summarized in Table A1.1. The most job-ready applicants are provided case management services to help them find an Unsubsidized Job on the open market or improve their current job status. Trial Jobs provide work experience in jobs for which the state provides a partial subsidy to the employer. Participants in these two upper tiers receive no cash payments from the state (but may receive a variety of ancillary services). Community Service Jobs are public service jobs for which participants receive a monthly W-2 payment of $673. W-2 Transition is for those least able to work, either because of their own disability or because of the need to care …


The theme of this unit is Butterflies. I choose this theme because it could be a lot of fun, and it can be very hands on. Kids like bugs, insects, and animals. They can actually watch the process of a butterfly by getting a caterpillar and keeping it in the room. I want the 5th graders to study this theme because it is something that they all should know. They studied it in first grade, but now they can study it more in depth.


In order to improve active queue management (AQM) algorithm's performance synthetically by enhancing algorithm's self-adapting and compensating feedback delay, a novel AQM algorithm for delay network based on fuzzy immune adaptive PID control and gray-prediction (FIGAPID) was proposed. PID parameters' online self-adapting was implemented by immune feedback mechanism, and immune feedback function was established by fuzzy nonlinear approximation. Moreover, a gray-prediction algorithm based on consistent dimension innovation was successfully introduced into feedback data's advanced prediction to compensate AQM's feedback delay. Contrasted with traditional PID algorithm, FIGAPID is validated by simulation results. It can adjust itself to new network conditions rapidly and stably, can converge to queue size-setting value, and can get lesser packets loss rate.


The most effective counselors are the ones whose nonverbal messages are congruent with their verbal messages. Recent literature suggests that nonverbal immediacy behaviors on the part of pharmacists, physicians and other healthcare providers are very much related to patient satisfaction with care, and hence, outcomes.


20 Introduction One of the most noticeable aspects of the microteaching explosion in recent years has been a renewed interest in the role of the teaching practice supervisor in relation to student teachers. Traditionally, the University or College supervisor has made a few visits to see student teachers perform in real classrooms and has attempted to fulfil several roles; namely, morale booster, resource person, agent of change, monitor of progress and examiner. Needless to say this task has been very difficult due to the multiplicity of roles and the transient nature of the contact between student teacher and


Verbal fluency (VF) tasks are typically scored by the total number of acceptable words generated within an allotted time (i.e., total score). VF task total scores can differentiate groups such as healthy subjects and patients, but they do not provide insight into the linguistic and cognitive processes underlying VF performance. To increase the analytical and explanatory power VF tasks can carry, further analysis of errors, temporal parameters, clustering, and switching have been implemented. Systematic scoring guidelines are needed for VF task analysis to be comparable across studies. In this pilot study, we generated detailed instructions for language- specific administration, scoring, and analyses of VF tasks to increase the reliability and validity across studies implementing VF tasks. We demonstrate the analysis for total scores, errors, temporal parameters, task congruent and task discrepant clustering, and switching with strong inter-rater reliability in three phonemic (/k/, / a/, and /p/) and one semantic (animals) category with data of healthy, Finnish speaking adults (N = 50). Our results show that all proposed analyses contribute to VF task performance. We discuss the importance of systematic guidelines and analyses and believe that our analysis on a representative sample of healthy, older monolingual speakers can provide guidance and a starting point for specific VF task performance analyses in various clinical populations.


There is a need for rapid, sensitive, specific, and low‐cost virus sensors. Recent work has demonstrated that organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) can detect the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spike protein. Here, a simple and low‐cost approach to the fabrication of OECT devices with excellent stability and unprecedented sensitivity and specificity for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus is demonstrated. The devices rely on the engineered protein minibinder LCB1, which binds strongly to SARS‐CoV‐2. The resulting devices exhibit excellent sensitivity for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus and SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD). These results demonstrate a simple, effective, and low‐cost biomolecular sensor applicable to the real‐time detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 virus and a general strategy for OECT device design that can be applied for the detection of other pathogenic viruses.


The P2 reverse fault in the Athabasca Basin was a conduit for basinal fluids to enter the basement rocks below the regional unconformity and modify the rocks through fluid-rock interactions. Along the P2 fault, the basement rocks consist predominately of graphitic metapelite with quartzite and pegmatite. Immediately below the unconformity is an alteration profile consisting of a lower Green Zone with chlorite and illite, middle Red Zone dominated by hematite and kaolinite, and a discontinuous Bleached Zone of kaolin-group minerals and illite right at the unconformity. Preliminary data suggest that the alteration profile cannot be attributed solely to paleo-weathering but rather must include multiple fluid events from paleo-weathering through diagenetic to late hydrothermal fluids.


The Hosoya index and Merrifield-Simmons index of a graph G are the number of matching and the number of independent sets in G. In this paper, we give exact formulae for the expected value of Hosoya index and Merrifield-Simmons index of random alpha-type pentachains, results are given by means of auxiliary graphs.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a highly reliable high quality ink jet head having long service life in which a print dot having constant diameter can be obtained stably by preventing the overlapping of print. SOLUTION: The ink jet head 14 comprises a thermal head 15 where a heat storage layer 3 and a resistor layer 4 are formed sequentially on a substrate 16 while individual electrodes 5 are disposed oppositely to a common electrode 6 on the resistor layer 4 followed by formation of a protective layer 8 and a cavitation resistant layer 9, a channel part 13, and a plate 12 provided with orifices 11 for jetting an ink droplet. A trench 18 is made in the rear surface of substrate 16 having thermometric conductivity a1 along an array of heating element 17 such that the thickness of substrate becomes d1 . The trench 18 is filled with a reinforcing member 19 having thickness d2 and thermometric conductivity a2 (a2 >a1 ) a specific relationship is set between the width (t) and period T of driving pulse.


Four patients with sonographic suggestion of hepatic hemangioma are studied with Tc99m-labeled RBC scan. The scan findings are compaired with other imaging modalities. Lesions as small as 36 mm could be detected by this method. Tc99m labeled RBC scan is a valuable tool to differentiate hepatic hemangioma from other space occupying lesion of the liver.


ABSTRACT This study presents an analysis and visual representation of landscape diversity in the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic is administratively subdivided into regions, which are further subdivided into districts; the basic territorial units used for the calculation of diversity were the districts. Landscape diversity was calculated from the freely available CORINE Land Cover (CLC) data for the Czech Republic. Additional data (the district and region layers) were taken from the digital vector geographic database of the Czech Republic ArcČR® 500. The Main Map (scale 1:600,000) shows landscape diversity calculated on the basis of Shannon entropy. For the purposes of visual representation, the effective number of categories in each district were calculated; the map also shows the prevailing type of land cover in each district. For comparison, an accompanying map shows landscape diversity at the regional level. Other accompanying maps contain information on CLC data, which is closely connected with landscape diversity. The four accompanying maps are at a scale of 1:1,800,000. Further information is also presented in addition to the maps (representation of CLC categories in the Czech Republic, brief texts characterizing the basic methodology used: CLC and the calculation of landscape diversity).


This paper examines the relationship between nonmarital cohabitation and routine exchanges of support between American adults aged 19–30 (N = 3,809) and their aging parents, using data drawn from the first wave of the National Survey of Families and Households. Cohabiting young adults were found to be significantly less likely to be exchanging support with their parents than their married or single, noncohabiting counterparts. Cohabiting young adults were also significantly less likely than married young adults to nominate their parents as persons to turn to in an emergency. Analysis of variability in exchanges of support with parents among cohabiting young adults revealed that the quality of the relationship with the parent to be the most potent predictor of exchanges.


Objective To investigate the expression of RNA editase ADAR1 in the lymphocytes in rats' spleen with liver transplantation rejection. Methods Thirty SD rats and 75 Wistar rats were included. Fifteen livers from Wistar rats were transplanted to 15 Wistar rats (isograft group), 30 livers from SD rats were transplanted to 30 Wistar rats (allograft group and allograft+FK506 group), and 15 of them were then intramuscularly injected with FK506, 2 mg/(kg·d), the other 15 Wistar rats were only operated similarly to the other rats without any liver transplantation (control group). Five rats were killed and their splenetic tissues were collected on day 3, day 5, and day 7, respectively. The expression of ADAR1 mRNA in lymphocytes of the spleen in acute rejection was detected by RT-PCR. Results Different performance of pathology was observed in all the liver and spleen tissues from the transplanted rats over time, especially in allograft group. The expression of ADAR1 mRNA in the allograft group was significant higher than that of isograft and allograft+FK506 groups (P0.001), especially on the 5th day. Conclusion There was a significant positive correlation between expression of ADAR1 and the severity of acute rejection, but the mechanism by which ADAR1 affected the acute rejection is unknown and needs to be further studied. FK506 may inhibit the expression of ADAR1 and remarkably reduce the severity of acute rejection.


Constant Envelope OFDM (CE-OFDM) alleviates the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) problem in OFDM. However, since CE-OFDM is based on angle modulation, it is susceptible to the well known threshold effect. This paper considers several threshold extending receiver structures for CE-OFDM. The simple arctangent receiver [4] is compared to the conventional limiter-discriminator type FM receiver and a second-order phase locked loop structure. A novel cycle slip eliminator (CSE) is also developed to detect and cancel cycle slips and is shown to provide significant threshold extension. It is observed that the optimum receiver design depends on the CE-OFDM modulation index. The various schemes are compared in terms of threshold extension capability and complexity for a wide range of modulation indexes.


General physics textbooks usually introduce fundamental concepts on the basis of controversial philosophical outlooks—usually one or another form of philosophical empiricism—without indicating this either to the student or the instructor. The philosophical approaches in a number of currently used textbooks are examined critically from a dialectical materialist viewpoint.


Test results from a rocket turbine test model, called the Oxidizer Technology Turbine Rig (OTTR), are discussed in this paper. The turbine was designed to support the development of advanced turbines for future liquid rocket engines. It is a highly loaded single stage liquid oxygen pump drive turbine which uses inlet and exit volutes to provide optimum performance in a compact configuration. The system design creates high pressure and temperature gradients as well as high Mach number flow. These factors make it especially difficult to accurately measure the flowfield. Test issues such as probe calibration, probe interference, rake blockage, and averaging techniques were discussed in a previous paper. Test results including volute and diffuser static pressure distributions, stator airfoil static pressure distributions, total and static pressure drops through the system, and overall performance parameters at the turbine aerodynamic design point are presented here.


An all‐inclusive web resource has been developed that links the study of earthquakes and engineering design to middle grades' (students of ages 10–15) science, mathematics, and technology. It was created to help students understand how earthquakes affect humans and how engineered solutions can mitigate damage. One key component of the website is an innovative internet‐based structural simulation program that allows students to design and simulate the behavior of a building model under earthquake loads. The simulation component is coupled with a hands‐on activity, where students build the model they have designed using wood dowels and pegboards. The students can then use a small shake table to physically simulate and experimentally verify the performance of their models under the design earthquakes. The simulation component has been calibrated to physical models using materials recommended for construction. The website also includes detailed information on earthquake engineering design, lesson plans for implementation in classrooms, a searchable database providing links to authoritative resources on earthquakes and other natural disasters, and national education standards for STEM subject topics. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 724–732, 2011


Abstract In the present investigations, sloshing vibrational characteristics for ground-supported, flexible, shallow cylindrical tanks are determined by using a more accurate method. For the vibration of container itself Flugge's exact theory is used and the radial dynamic pressure generated by the surface waves is obtained in terms of the liquid velocity potential function φ. The results are obtained for various parameters and are compared with those of reference [1], in which the finite element method was used to model the shell and a boundary solution technique was used for the liquid. The agreement is found to be good. It is concluded that Flugge's exact theory is a versatile tool for such problems. The presence of a top beam modifies sloshing frequencies appreciably and must be used in practice for safety of the tank. Also, the wall flexibility and the liquid-depth variation affects the response considerably and must be considered appropriately in design.


Recent investigations employing drawings of human figures as stimuli have suggested that it is not until approximately age nine that children are able to judge age accurately. It was hypothesed that these results were influenced by the ambiguity of the drawings used, and the present study was designed to investigate children's judgments of age when more realistic stimuli (photographs) were employed. The primary focus of the investigation was on developmental changes in judgments correlating people's age with their physical size. Stimuli consisted of photographs of males and females characterizing four age levels: infant, child, adolescent, and middle-aged adult. Each figure was reproduced in two sizes. Using a paired-comparison procedure, children from ages three through nine years (16 at each age level) were presented with either the male or female stimulus sets by either a male or female experimenter. The ability to judge age correctly increased linearly with age. Accuracy improved from 47% at age three to 59% at age six and to 100% at age nine. Errors were primarily due to basing age judgments on size. Results were discussed in terms of (a) adequacy of stimuli in age perception studies and (b) cognitive development within a Piagetian framework.


AbstractNatural disasters may create serious fiscal problems, especially for the developing world by causing disruption in economic activities, destroying tax bases, and increasing the financial bu...


Introduction
Although displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures were historically treated nonoperatively because of unreliable outcomes, they are now commonly treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).

Step 1 Preoperative Planning and Operative Setup
Coronal images are most helpful.

Step 2 Incision and Soft-Tissue Management
Elevate the flap using the "no-touch" technique to minimize wound complications.

Step 3 Reduce Posterior Facet and Perform Provisional Stabilization
Achieve anatomic reduction of the medial calcaneal wall before proceeding with the remainder of the fracture reduction.

Step 4 Apply Lag Fixation and a Lateral Neutralization Plate
Use a traditional nonlocking plate and be sure that at least one lag screw achieves purchase.

Step 5 Close Wound
Use the "no-touch" technique, with the goal of tension-free wound closure.

Step 6 Postoperative Care
Watch closely for drainage or delayed healing.

Results & Preop/Postop Images
ORIF is a viable treatment option for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures without contraindication for older patients.

What to Watch For
IndicationsContraindicationsPitfalls & Challenges.


Stone fish traps and weirs are simple but efficient devices for catching aquatic fauna still used by many Aboriginal and Tomes Strait Islander communities. Such structures represent an important consideration in any reconstruction of prehistoric or historical subsistence regimes. However, the stone wall that creates a pen or seals natural conduits of water, such as creeks or streams, is difficult to date. Archaeology has an ongoing problem with dating inorganic artefacts and structures, including stone fish traps and weirs. Various techniques have been proposed for dating traps and weirs but each has been fairly specific to the case at hand. A generic technique for dating traps and weirs is lacking and it is to this task that the following paper is addressed. Â


Human development at the plane of economic life is characterized in the creation,accumulation,and application,while the content,form,and the depth of personal economic status reflect the prospect of personal development.So the growth of wealth is by any means helpful to the personal development in relation to his profoundity,personality and satisfaction in general.


Two-photon holographic optogenetics enables precise modulation of brain activity Perception and behavior emerge from the coordinated and orchestrated activity of neurons in brain circuits. Individual, functionally coherent neurons form ensembles, which become the building blocks of large-scale circuitry to drive the brain machinery (1). The ability to modulate brain activity in a spatiotemporal pattern with high specificity (millisecond time scale and cellular resolution) has great implications for interfacing with this sophisticated machinery. In fundamental science, it provides a powerful tool to dissect neuronal circuits in very fine detail and study causality among neural activity, circuit dynamics, and behavior (2–6). In translational medicine, it plays an important role in treating brain disorders (7, 8) and holds great promise to become a new tool for precision medicine.


Optical methods are frequently used as a routine method to obtain the elementary sampling unit (ESU) leaf area index (LAI) of forests. However, few studies have attempted to evaluate whether the ESU LAI obtained from optical methods matches the accuracy required by the LAI map product validation community. In this study, four commonly used optical methods, including digital hemispherical photography (DHP), digital cover photography (DCP), tracing radiation of canopy and architecture (TRAC) and multispectral canopy imager (MCI), were adopted to estimate the ESU (25 m × 25 m) LAI of five Larix principis-rupprechtii forests with contrasting structural characteristics. The impacts of three factors, namely, inversion model, canopy element or woody components clumping index ( Ω e or Ω w ) algorithm, and the woody components correction method, on the ESU LAI estimation of the four optical methods were analyzed. Then, the LAI derived from the four optical methods was evaluated using the LAI obtained from litter collection measurements. Results show that the performance of the four optical methods in estimating the ESU LAI of the five forests was largely affected by the three factors. The accuracy of the LAI obtained from the DHP and MCI strongly relied on the inversion model, the Ω e or Ω w algorithm, and the woody components correction method adopted in the estimation. Then the best Ω e or Ω w algorithm, inversion model and woody components correction method to be used to obtain the ESU LAI of L. principis-rupprechtii forests with the smallest root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were identified. Amongst the three typical woody components correction methods evaluated in this study, the woody-to-total area ratio obtained from the destructive measurements is the most effective method for DHP to derive the ESU LAI with the smallest RMSE and MAE. In contrast, using the woody area index obtained from the leaf-off DHP or DCP images as the woody components correction method would result in a large LAI underestimation. TRAC and MCI outperformed DHP and DCP in the ESU LAI estimation of the five forests, with the smallest RMSE and MAE. All the optical methods, except DCP, are qualified to obtain the ESU LAI of L. principis-rupprechtii forests with an MAE of <20% that is required by the global climate observation system. None of the optical methods, except TRAC, show the potential to obtain the ESU LAI of L. principis-rupprechtii forests with an MAE of <5%.


Preface.- Quantum Mechanics: questions.- The phenomenological stochastic approach: a short route to quantum mechanics.- The Planck distribution, a necessary consequence of the fluctuating zero-point field.- The long journey to the Schrodinger equation.- The road to Heisenberg quantum mechanics.- Beyond the Schrodinger equation.- Disentangling quantum entanglement.- Causality, locality and entanglement in quantum mechanics.- The zero-point field waves (and) matter.- Quantum mechanics: some answers.- References.- Suggested literature.- Index.


The electrochemical polymerization of aniline (AN) via cyclic voltammetry was performed in 1mol/L HCl and 0.2 mol/L aniline solutions with various concentration of NiCl2. During the growth of polyaniline (PAN) film, Ni2+ ions can insert the film, which made the equal quantity of anions in the solution to be attracted into the PAN film, so its growth rate was greatly increased. Results show that the presence of Ni2+ ions can also improve the density of nucleation, which can make it more compact; and the presence of Ni2+ ions during the growth of film can improve the electrochemical capacitances of PAN films by means of cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance and constant current charge-discharge tests. The specific capacitance per geometric area of the film grown from the solution with 0.2 mol/L Ni2+ ion is 342 mF/cm2, it is 1.5 times of the specific capacitance per geometric area of the film grown from the solution without Ni2+ ions.


summer 2014 the burning deck'" (121). recited in Lindsay's novel at just the point of departure from what would have been considered civilized Australia to the unknown outback, Hemans's poem would have offered, perhaps, ways of contemplating the consequences of resistance to authority and discipline: the parents and school mistresses Lindsay's girls wished to leave behind. Perhaps. I pose this hypothetical in the spirit of robson's expansive, imaginative, and consistently provocative work, trusting that other readers will be inspired to make their own connections and speculations. Jason R. Rudy University of Maryland, College Park


Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels from those preexisting in tissue, is crucial to glioma growth (1). Glioblastoma is the most common and most malignant brain tumor in humans and the features that distinguish glioblastoma from benign astrocytomas are the presence of vascular endothelial proliferation. In fact, glioblastoma is one of the most richly neovascularized solid tumors in terms of vasoproliferation, endothelial hyperplasia, and endothelial cytology (2). Ultrastructurally microvasculature of glioblastomas is different from that of benign astrocytomas and normal brains in the vascular permeability and endothelial proliferative potential point of view (3, 4, 5). Various angiogenic factors has been demonstrated in glioma angiogenesis (for a review, see ref. 6). Among them, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been demonstrated as a most potent angiogenic factor in human gliomas (7) as well as in developmental, physiological, and pathological angiogenesis, e.g. the formation of chronic subdural hematoma (8). VEGF concentration in the gliomas was significantly correlated with the vascularity and the conditioned medium of glioma cells containing high VEGF concentration induced endothelial cell migration (7). This paper will discuss A) newly recognized angiogenic factors in gliomas (tissue factor, thymidine phosphorylase, the role of macrophages), B) endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors in glioma (thrombospondin, brain specific angiogenesis inhibitor-1, interferon inducible protein 10, platelet factor 4), C) inhibition of glioma angiogenesis with exogenous angiogenesis inhibitors, D) Inhibition of VEGF promoter activity in gliomas.


From the structural features of wood, the parameters of computational models can be drawn, in so called "morphology-based models", in order to depict the variability of material properties. For the definition of realistic geometries of internal features, non-destructive imaging techniques, such X-ray tomography, can be used. In this paper, we describe methods, by which the geometrical domain of morphology-based finite element (FE) macroscale timber models can be obtained from computed tomography (CT) images, through a number of different process paths. The ability and limits of different process paths, in the generation of meshed wood models, are discussed.


The substrate transfer apparatus, a peripheral wall having an inner surface defining a substrate transfer chamber capable of holding an isolated atmosphere, while the outer surface adjacent the inner surface and the peripheral wall, at least with at least one stator module located within the peripheral wall 1 one of the substantially ring-shaped motor, the surface of the peripheral wall surrounded by the motor of the ring shape is a predetermined device, and at least one is connected to the rotor at least one configured to hold at least one substrate at least one substrate so configured for attachment of the transfer arm having an end effector, and at least one rotor is suspended in the absence of substantial contact with the transfer chamber includes.


An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effect of film cooling in a liquid rocket engine using Hydrogen peroxide/Kerosene as propellants. The heat fluxes were calculated by the measured wall temperatures on the axial direction of thrust chamber for mass flow rate of coolant and different type of film cooling rings. The flow rate of coolant was 0~20 percent of the total propellant.


This article provides an overview of machine learning methods applicable to graph tasks. It also provides a summary of how to represent graphs and a description of the machine learning application to graphs.


Time correlated photon counting techniques have been proved to be very effective, especially when very fast and faint optical signals have to be recorded with extremely high precision. Nowadays, a steadily increasing number of applications require not only high performance in terms of photon detection efficiency, time resolution and linearity but also a high number of pixels operating in parallel. In order to combine the features of the most performing detectors and state of art timing electronics, an innovative architecture has been conceived and the main circuits have been designed. The system will employ dense arrays of custom technology Single Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) detectors, in order to perform a truly concurrent analysis of the sample, while it will have only a small number of acquisition chains with the ultimate purpose of obtaining very high performance while limiting area occupation and power dissipation. To this aim, three main circuits have been designed: first of all, a pick-up circuit capable of directly reading the signal coming from the sensor; secondly, a timing circuit to measure the arrival time of the each photon with picoseconds resolution and very high linearity and finally, a circuit to perform a dynamic binding between the many sensors and the few conversion chains.


Introduction THE VITA AUGUSTINI: AUGUSTINE'S LIFE AND TEXT ACCORDING TO POSSIDIUS 1. The Vita Augustini 2. The Literary Possidius POSSIDIUS AND THE LEGAL ACTIVITIES OF THE NORTH AFRICAN EPISCOPATE 3. Donatists, Catholics and Appeals to the Law: 392-404 4. Donatist Strategy and Catholic Response: 403-405 5. Possidius Goes to Court: 408-409 6. The Conference of 411 Conclusion Bibliography


This study examines factors influencing patients' adoption of the IoT for e-Health Management System (e-HMS). A conceptual framework is built by applying the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model to achieve the research objectives. The constructs viz. performance expectations, perceived healthcare threat, facilitation, and trust were employed to analyze the behaviour intention of healthcare IoT devices in the medical context. A questionnaire was prepared and circulated to 210 IoT healthcare users. Further, a synergy of Smart-PLS and ANN was used to determine factors influencing adopting the IoT for e-HMS. The study yields a novel insight that would render vital benefits to users and service providers. The outcomes of this research can assist IoT inventors, medicinal specialists, and vendors to enhance the optimization of e-HMS. The results make some new reporting facts to improve IoT 4.0 practices in the e-healthcare system and structural model assessment.


Macrophages are responsible for protecting the body against foreign invaders. We have been studying the role of Grb2-associated binding proteins (Gabs) in macrophage biology. In mice, Gabs are adaptor proteins that include three family members (Gab1, Gab2, and Gab3) that play critical regulatory roles in modulating cytokine receptor signaling. Gab2 knockout mice have no developmental defects but have impaired allergic responses, osteoclast defects, altered mast cell development, and altered hematopoiesis. Gab3 knockout mice have no defined phenotypes alone and although highly expressed in macrophages, a functional role was not found despite considerable focus on this cell type. Therefore, we set out to determine the combined role of Gab2 and Gab3 to determine whether they performed redundant functions not observable in single knockout mice. To analyze regulation of macrophage cytokine production, a Gab2/3 deficient mouse model was generated on the C57BL/6 background. Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages (BMDM) were expanded from the bone marrow (BM) of wild-type (WT), Gab2 and Gab3 single knockout and Gab2/3 knockout mice and found to similarly co-express CD11b and F4/80. However, Gab2/3 knockout BM produced only 30% of wild-type BMDM numbers. Despite reductions in BMDM absolute numbers, isolated BMDM demonstrated significant induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-12 and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 mRNA at baseline. Interestingly, after LPS stimulation (100ng/ml) we detected much greater induction of TNF-α and IL-12 mRNA and protein expression. Interestingly, despite increased IL-10 mRNA induction in Gab2/3 knockout BMDM, no IL-10 protein expression could be detected by Luminex assay. No changes were observed in production of interferon or STAT1 activation in these BMDM. Studies have shown that rapamycin treatment of macrophages suppresses mTORC1 and subsequently reduces IL-10 production and promotes pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Gab2 is known for its role in regulating the PI3K pathway through interactions with the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K. Therefore, we also examined whether mTOR activation was effected by Gab2/3 deficiency causing altered cytokine expression. Deletion of Gab2/3 in BMDMs treated with LPS showed an inhibition of 4EBP1 phosphorylation and increased AKT phosphorylation. These results suggest that Gabs may play a critical role in modulating mTOR activation and potentially causing defects in protein translation that reflect in reduced IL-10 cytokine levels in Gab2/3 knockout cells. IL-10 has a critical immunoregulatory role that is dysregulated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. IL-10 deficient mice develop colitis due to loss of mucosal immune tolerance. Strikingly, as early as two months of age in vivo 12/32 (37.5%) Gab2/3 knockout mice developed rectal prolapse and suffered from diarrhea within a six month period. Histological analysis of isolated colons using a scoring system confirmed spontaneous development of colitis in Gab2/3 knockout mice compared to no phenotypes observed in WT and single knockout controls. To determine whether the BM was directly involved in the disease, BM chimeras were generated using irradiated WT mice as recipients and Gab2/3 knockout mice as donors. Susceptible recipients receiving Gab2/3 knockout BM showed a more invasive colitis phenotype than the spontaneous disease and resulted in forced euthanization due to body weight decreases greater than 25%. Multiple ulcerations were present in most of the colon proximal region, with extensive epithelial damage, transmural inflammation, and in some mice adenocarcinoma. Notably, we did not observe adenocarcinoma in untransplanted Gab2/3 knockout mice, suggesting that epithelial deletion of Gab2/3 may suppress cancer whereas in the bone marrow chimera model, the epithelial cells are WT and can be transformed. Similar phenotypes were also observed in secondary transplant recipients. Lastly, treatment of Gab2/3 knockout mice with dextran-sodium-sulfate (DSS) induced rapid severe colitis that resulted in death of 80% and 40% of Gab2/3 knockout and WT mice respectively. Overall, these observations demonstrate a major redundant role for Gab2 and Gab3 in macrophage immune surveillance required for the prevention of colitis in mice. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Introduction: In 1970's, Oonishi et al found out that the polyethylene cross-linked by gamma-ray irradiation (dose=100Mrad) had high wear performance, and then clinically used it as the material for acetabular sockets. He has reported excellent outcomes. In this study, we measured the wear three-dimensionally, and the oxidation by microscopic Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry in retrieved high-dose cross-linked polyethylene [100Mrad PE] sockets implanted over 25 years.

Materials and methods: We revised two 100Mrad PE sockets (SOM type manufactured by Mizuho medical (JAPAN)), due to aseptic loosening, which had been implanted for 27 years approximately. The liner and volumetric wear were measured as previously reported [[1][1]]. Measuring points for oxidation index were (1) near surface point in unworn area, (2) near surface point in worn area, and (3) inner area which left any surface by >=2.5mm.

Results and discussion: The liner wears were 0.06mm and 0.29mm respectively. The volumetric wears were 25.8mm3 and 91.8mm3. The liner-wear rate of them were 0.002mm/year and 0.010 mm/year. The oxide index of each socket was 0.75, 0.62, 0.25 and 1.73, 0.67, 0.28, in order of the unworn area, the worn area and the inner area. Many researchers have reported that the annual liner-wear rate of UHMWPE sockets is from 0.1 to 0.2mm/year. We showed extremely less wear rate of the 100 Mrad PE sockets in comparison with UHMWPE sockets. Oxidation index in the worn area was approximately the same as that of UHMWPE sockets, which were determined in our previous study [[2][2]]. These results showed that 100Mrad PE sockets had maintained the high performance to the wear for long-term clinical use.

 [1]: #ref-1
 [2]: #ref-2


Background: Transplanted patients are frail individuals who may be affected by diastolic dysfunction, leading to a decrease in exercise tolerance. Previous studies have reported that certain ECG and echocardiographic parameters (such as the P-wave interval, PQ interval, P-wave dispersion, Tend-P interval, QTc interval, and strain) can support the diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction when the ejection fraction is preserved. This study aimed to examine the potential diagnostic contribution of specific ECG and deformation parameters in transplanted recipients, who are at a high risk of heart failure. Materials and Methods: A group of 33 transplanted subjects (17 renal and 16 liver) were categorized using two scores for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Additionally, they underwent evaluation based on ECG parameters (P-wave interval, PQ interval, Pwave dispersion, and Tend-P QTc) and echocardiographic deformation parameters (strain and twist). The Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: The two scores identified different numbers of excludable and not excludable subjects potentially affected by HFpEF. The not excludable group presented ECG parameters with significantly higher values (P-wave, PQ interval, posterior wall diastole, and Tend-P, all with p ≤ 0.05) and significantly lower 4D strain and twist values (p < 0.05) Conclusions: There is evidence for a significant diagnostic contribution of additional ECG and echo strain parameters in an early phase of diastolic dysfunction in subjects potentially affected by HFpEF.


Critics have long noted the paradoxical nature of Rousseau's appeal to a solitary lawgiver within a social contract theory based on equality and consent. However, far from representing a compromise of the principles of equality and consent, the appeal to the legislator is an illustration of the basis upon which consent can be obtained. Rousseau denies that a rational calculation can inspire a whole people to comply with justice. Therefore, he argues that the legislator must "persuade without convincing." This nonrational persuasion can be understood as giving citizens a desire to imitate the public-spirited legislator. Persuasion does this by inducing shared feelings in the citizens. Thus, legislating is, in Rousseau's terms, an imitative rather than a philosophic art. Rousseau claims that the modem attempt to make politics more rational makes political thinkers and politicians inattentive to persuasion and, therefore, leaves modern politics open to an exclusive reliance on naked force.


Though the aqueous decoction of the aerial part of Cineraria abyssinica Sch. Bip. exA. Rich (Asteraceae) has been used for the treatment of various diseases associated with oxidative stress in Ethiopia, there appear to have been no report on the phytochemistry and antioxidant activity of the aerial part of this plant. The aims of this study were, therefore, to carry out radical scavenging activity and preliminary phytochemical screening on the aerial part of the plant. The aqueous crude extract, ethyl acetate, butanol and dichloromethane fractions of the aerial part of C. abyssinica were studied for their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The crude extract and fractions showed promising DPPH activity with IC50 ranging from 3.29 μg/ml to 9.18 μg/ml. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the most potent DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 = 3.29 μg/ml) better than the standard, ascorbic acid (IC50 = 5.21 μg/ml). Preliminary phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of the aerial part of the plant revealed the presence of alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, tannins and phytosterols. Hence, the present study revealed the radical scavenging activity of phytochemicals present in the aerial part of C. abyssinica that scientifically support the traditional claim and its potential as invaluable source of natural antioxidant.


A hard thyroid mass: not always a malignancy

In this article, the medical history of a patient with a hard mass at the thyroid and hyperthyroidism secondary to Riedel's thyroiditis is presented. This case report shows an unusual course with a relapse, until know described in only 4 other published case reports. Riedel's thyroiditis, also known as Riedel's struma, is a rare invasive fibrous thyroiditis with a prevalence of 1 per 100,000 people and a male to female ratio of 1/4. Classically, it presents as a stone-like, non-tender thyroid mass with obstructive symptoms such as dyspnea, dysphagia and hoarseness as the structures surrounding the thyroid are involved. Its aetiology is unknown, but it is suggested to be part of a systemic fibrosing disorder. Thyroid dysfunction is possible, mainly hypothyroidism secondary to invasion of the normal thyroid tissue. Ultrasound findings cannot differentiate with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, a malignancy with an unfavourable prognosis. The diagnosis is based on biopsy findings and the presence of extrathyroidal expansion of the mass. There is no standardized treatment for Riedel's thyroiditis due to the rarity of the disease. Glucocorticoids are the mainstay of the medical treatment. Surgery is indicated only to relieve compressive symptoms.


Hamidullah Bamik. Fulbright Scholar and Graduate Student in Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis, Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis, College of Education, University of Missouri-Columbia USA. ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 01 November 2018 Final Accepted: 03 December 2018 Published: January 2019


ABSTRACT The hotel industry in Pakistan makes up a very important part of the service sector. This industry demands highly developed communication skills from its employees, as 5-star hotels deal with guests from foreign countries as a routine matter. This study explored the specific language needs of students in the hotel industry in Pakistan and evaluated a textbook to determine its pedagogical value and suitability for subject-specific communicative needs. The sample consisted of 10 professionals and 40 students from Lahore and Gujrat (Pakistan), where the subject is being taught. A questionnaire was designed to explore the language needs of students, whereas the professionals were interviewed. The findings highlighted the communicative activities and language skills required by the students. Recommendations are made to consider these communicative activities and skills while designing English language courses for the hotel industry. Moreover, fostering autonomy through learning strategies is also accentuated to enable students to enter into the world of work.


Barbaros Basileus. Parody and Praise in the Depiction of Barbarian Rulers in the Novel Rhodanthe and Dosikles by Theodoros Prodromos The Heidelberg manuscript of the novel contains a dedication poem for a Kαῖσαρ, who was identified with Nikephoros Bryennios, the husband of Anna Komnene. At first glance, we see that the names of the characters Gobryas, Bryaxes and Brya contain strong assonances to the name of the addressee. After a closer consideration we recognize 1) that especially the two barbarians Gobryas and Bryaxes offer for Bryennios a certain potential of identification, 2) that there may be some humorous allusions on the attended coup from 1118/1119, 3) that the author tries to satisfy also his patronesses Eirene Doukaina and Anna Komnene and 4) that despite every parody of the court, the author takes care not to insult the acting Emperor, but to honour him. The considerations have influence on the dating of the novel.


The goal matching supply with demand, which is the fundament of supply chain management, has changed the role of operations management from pure cost control to value creation. The recent developments of integrating revenue management with supply chain management activities and the resulting successes have indicated the tremendous potential to improve the supply chain performance in the same way that revenue management has revolutionized the airline industry. This thesis investigates how an integration of revenue management and supply chain management influences decision making and the overall profitability. In particular, simultaneous decision making of selling price, inventory control strategy and capacity acquisition is analyzed.


: Many of the romanian phytonyms are directly related to the dragon ("zmeu") . Like in other folkloric creations, in our ethnobotany this being has evil representations. Our paper aims to reveal an inventory, an interpretation and a statistic of romanian names of plants which implicates the word "zmeu", spread through the botanical terminology, a phenomenon which, as considered by E. Coşeriu is not enough highlighted (given that the individual speaker became creator of language / poetry whenever he named a flower. The conclusion of our work is that once known, botanical lexicon of a specific region is not only a thesaurus but also a document of the resident population and places of the past. Botanical popular terminology has primarily a practical value, designating, distinguishing and categorizing elements of the plant kingdom within the given natural reign, but also has a high theoretical significance, especially for linguists, both by the ethimons to which they send back and by the metaphorical meanings the phytonims mostly have.


TCP Transmission Control Protocol is a logical vehicle to transfer data between two processes running on two different computers. TCP is a connection oriented and reliable protocol. The three way handshaking based TCP connection establishment process invites a special Denial of Service (DoS) attack, called SYN Flooding attack. A SYN Flood attacker sends a large number of TCP connection establishment requests to overburden the target system. In real life, the target system is usually the server. As a result of the attack, server remains unavailable and unresponsive for legitimate users too. The Denial of Service nature of the attack targets the availability of the system. This paper analyses and discusses various methods to detect and prevent such attack. Keywords— TCP, DoS, SYN Flood, SYN Cache, SYN Cookie


AIM: To investigate the role of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1)/Smads and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK) expression in vascular remodeling induced by high-salt diet in Wistar rats.METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal control group(n=13),high salt(8%) model group and high salt+telmisartan group(n=13).Tail-cuff arterial pressure was determined every 2 weeks.After 24 weeks,the rats in high salt model group were divided into model animals with hypertension group(MH,n=12) and model animals without hypertension group(MN,n=12).The remodeling of aorta and mesenteric artery was observed by HE and Masson staining.In addition,the techniques of immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were applied to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),TGF-β1,p-Smad2/3,p-ERK1/2 and Smad7 at both protein and mRNA levels.RESULTS: Compared with normal control group,blood pressure in MH group was much higher,and media thickness(MT) and collagen volume fraction(CVF) of arteries in MH and MN groups were higher.The mRNA expression of TGF-β1,Smad2 and Smad7 in the aorta was significantly increased,and the protein levels of PCNA,p-ERK1/2,TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 in the aorta and mesenteric artery media were elevated,but Smad7 decreased.After telmisartan treatment,MT and CVF were much lower,and the protein levels of PCNA,TGF-β1,p-Smad2/3 and p-ERK1/2 were significantly reduced,whereas Smad7 was increased.CONCLUSION: The abnormal expression of TGF-β1/Smads and ERK may be involved in the mechanism of remodeling of aorta and mesenteric artery induced by high-salt diet.Telmisartan prevents the vascular remodeling via regulating TGF-β1/Smads and ERK signal pathways mediated by angiotensinⅡtype 1(AT1) receptor,at least in part.


During the 15th century, "wa, wə, wi" were not considered rounded diphthongs at the phonological level of the Korean vowel system. However, "wa, wə, wi" existed only through allophone level. Although they existed, they could not be written in letters.
During the 15th century, "ㅘ, ㅝ" represented the chain of two vowels, that is "ㅘ → ㅗ + ㅏ(oa)" and "ㅝ → ㅜ + ㅓ(uə)." Some sound changes, such as "ㅸ>w(β>w)", made "wa, wə, wi" on the phonetic level. Scholars active during this period attempted to distinguish the original "ㅘ, ㅝ" between the phonetic "ㅘ, ㅝ."
Because "wa, wə, wi" did not include unique characters, they were forced to use "ㅘ(oa), ㅝ(uə)". As a result, "ㅘ, ㅝ" were used as two phonetic values. Scholars of active during this period used the notation symbol "ㅇ" to distinguish "ㅘ(wa), ㅝ(wə)" from "ㅘ(oa), ㅝ(uə)."
In the result, "ㅇ" of "글왈, □오 니 " was different from the normal letter "ㅇ" as alif. This special "ㅇ" played a role as the syllable boundary. In this case, phonetic value of "ㅇ" was described as "h(voiced glottal fricative)" or "hw."


Abstract Stream grade control structures (GCSs) can have strong effects on stream habitat and communities. While most studies of GCSs have examined their impacts on fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages, few have focused on their impacts on benthic algae. Thus, this research studied effects of GCSs by comparing benthic algal communities in a forested stream section with those in a GCS section in a subtropical stream of central Taiwan. We included habitat and water quality surveys and an algal growth experiment with 3 treatments: forested, GCS, and shaded GCS. The GCS section had a greater stream wetted width, percentage of pool area, and algal biomass indicated by chlorophyll a, algal biovolume, and density than the forested section, whereas the forested section had a higher canopy cover, substratum size, and habitat diversity. Filamentous green algae were the dominant group in the GCS section, whereas diatoms were dominant in the forested section. Experimental results showed that GCSs strongly elevated algal biomass and changed community compositions. The shaded treatment significantly reduced >80% of the algal biomass in the GCS section, close to the reduction in the forested treatment. Considering all variables altered by the GCS, canopy cover might be the primary responsible factor. We suggest considerations on design and construction of GCSs.


Previous magnetic field measurements on the entrance half of the NIST undulator showed errors that resulted in a beam path deflection of 5.2 mm [Wallace et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 331, 759 (1993)]. Pole height variations as much as .009'' gave rise to field errors of up to 2% at a gap of 20 mm. We report on our effort to rebuild the NIST undulator through a series of in‐situ and off‐line measurements and modifications. Initial results indicate that at 40 A, a brightness of 2.5×1018 (ph/sec/mm2/mrad2/A/0.1% BW) can be achieved. Commissioning of the undulator will take place in January 1996.


We investigate the resonance property of a self-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW) with four coupling points. Under a special condition that the two outer couplers are in weak coupling and the two inner couplers are in strong coupling, an implicit standing-wave resonance mode is formed inside the SCOW structure. As the resonance is feedback coupled via an S-shape bus waveguide, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like resonance features are observed in the output transmission spectrum. The SCOW resonator is analyzed using the coupled mode theory and finite-difference time-domain simulation. The device is experimentally demonstrated on the silicon-on-insulator platform. The measurement results overall agree well with the theoretical calculation. The EIT-like peak can be tuned by a thermo-optic phase shifter made of a NIN-type silicon resistor integrated in the feedback waveguide. The results point to new ways of creating on-chip optical analog of the EIT phenomenon that can be utilized for various optical signal processing applications.


"But Doctor, Johnny had seven bouts of sore throat last year. Wouldn't it help to take out his tonsils?" This plaintive cry for help is known to most physicians dealing with children and is the most common reason given to justify the nearly one million tonsillectomies done in this country per year. Even the most anti-tonsillectomy physician (and I count myself as one) has difficulty turning a deaf ear to such a worried mother. The article in this issue of the Journal by Paradise et al. is an important clinical observation to assist perplexed physicians and worried parents faced with . . .


Linguistic modeling is the way, which allows human-like language to be used to teach machine. The task is to match metric scale of the machine with linguistic scale of the teacher. We discuss application of Fourier-holography technique to this task. We formulate logical description of 4-f Fourier-holography setup. Restrictions on the model, determined by property of real recording media are discussed. An example of linguistic measurement by the setup is presented.


THE 1960 Nuclear Congress, an important event of common interest to virtually all engineers, was held at the Coliseum in New York City on April 4–8. The week-long meeting was sponsored by 28 engineering and scientific organizations, including the AIEE, and co-ordinated by the Engineers Joint Council. As in the past, the International Atomic Exposition was held in conjunction with the Congress.


A systematic review of literature in the area of counting in Down syndrome was conducted to identify and analyze ability to count of children with Down syndrome. We firstly reviewed the most famous theories which have explained how typically developing children acquire counting, and then we discussed how children with Down syndrome acquire counting according to these theories. We showed how children with Down syndrome have a deficit in counting and demonstrated the main reasons which may lie beneath this difficulty. Inspite of this difficulty in counting, we found that children with Down syndrome benefited from intervention. We ended the review by briefly summarizing the characteristics of good interventions to demonstrate how we can improve children with Down syndrome's ability to count. Many studies have been conducted in different areas of Down syndrome. Language has a big part in


The invention discloses duck egg noodles. The invention is characterized in that duck egg noodles are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of oat, 4-10 parts of wheat, 8-16 parts of buckwheat, 4-8 parts of duck egg, 1-2 parts of salt and 0.5-1 part of noodle alkali. In the invention, duck eggs are adopted to substitute chicken eggs to prepare duck egg noodles,thus noodles full of nutrients are provided for cholecystitis patient and people suffering from excessive internal heat and a new noodle product is provided for people. Since ducks is mainly fed on aquatic animals and plants, duck eggs have fishy smell and are not as delicious as chicken eggs when being eaten, and duck eggs are usually prepared into preserved duck eggs and salted duck eggs. The inventor does experiment on the proportion of the duck egg noodles to summarize a formula of duck egg noodles which can avoid the fishy smell of duck eggs and have good taste.


Randall W. Stone. Satellites and Commissars: Strategy and Conflict in the Politics of Soviet-Bloc Trade. Princeton Studies in International History and Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996. xviii, 283 pp. Tables. Bibliography. Index. $39.50, cloth.This book, which is based on the author's prize-winning doctoral dissertation, examines the trading relationships between the former USSR and its European satellites between the end of World War II and the collapse of the command economies in Eastern and Central Europe. It is a fascinating work, a tale told with verve, and with very thoughtful analysis of what was perhaps considered in the West to be a comparatively straightforward, mutually beneficial trading relationship. What emerges from the author's analysis is anything but a straightforward association between nations with political commonality-it is a mixture of deviousness and strategic deflection of trade requirements by the satellite nations (while at the same time winning the maximum amount of subsidy from the USSR) and the intransigence of the USSR's bureaucratic system and its inability effectively to monitor or enforce trade commitments.As a result, countries within the USSR's sphere of influence can be seen employing various measures to minimize their individual contributions, depending on the nature of domestic industrial activity and their own success in other international markets. Stone argues that, by employing this individual approach, satellite countries missed significant opportunities for collective economic benefit.The author utilizes a wide range of newly-available sources in Moscow, Prague and Warsaw, together with the personal testimony of some of the officials involved in trade negotiations, in order to provide a detailed examination of these negotiations from the inside and, through astute analysis, provides an insight into the political processes surrounding these negotiations. This detailed examination explains how and why those outcomes that seemed less desirable for the satellite countries were altered. It is also shows that, due to problems endemic in the USSR's monitoring systems, these changes or shortfalls often went undetected.There seems little doubt that the USSR did not make effective use of her powerful position in trade negotiations. For various reasons, she did not bring to bear the full scope of her bargaining power and also failed to link economic and security issues and did not integrate several important factors within the trading mechanisms. The satellite countries, on the other hand, were especially good at linking subsidies to trade and achieved success in the former while, at the same time, minimizing the quality and scope of actual deliveries of goods under the trade agreements. …


In this paper,the polyimide(PI) /Al2O3/SiO2composite films with the same nano-alumina(Al2O3) content and the different nano-silica(SiO2) content were prepared.The morphology and molecular structure of the composite films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) respectively.The SEM and FT-IR results indicated that nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed in the PI matrix,the addition of nanoparticles had no effect on the molecular structure of PI and the thermal imidization of polyamic acid.The mechanical properties,electric breakdown strength and corona-resistant performance of the composite films were tested.Test results showed that the breakdown field strength and corona resistant time of the composite film with 0.5% of nanoSiO2 content were 211.15 kV /mm,378 min respectively and were superior to the composite films with 0,0.1%,0.3%,0.7% of nano-SiO2content,and its mechanical properties were more excellent.


It's presented the determination method for evaluation indexes of season performance and whole year operation performance,its calculation formula,weight factor,testing condition parameters for multi-connected air conditioning system in this paper,and the correctness is proved. The results show that the "8 zones"evaluation method based on hourly load characteristic of construction and average division method for zone is feasible to evaluate season performance and whole year operation performance of digital vortex multi-connected air conditioning system,which can assure the calculation accuracy and simple operation. For the similarity of part load characteristic of multi-connected air-conditioning system,the evaluation method is not only applicable to evaluate the actual operation performance of 1 + n digital vortex or frequency conversion control multi-connected airconditioning system, but also applicable for the whole year operation energy consumption and whole year comprehensive energy use effectiveness of multi-connected air-conditioning system in the whole building,as well as compare energy efficiency among different air-conditioning system in the preliminary design stage.


In the large dimension (D) limit, the Einstein's equation reduces to the effective theory on the horizon surface, drastically simplifying the black hole analysis. Especially, the effective theory on the black brane was successful in describing the non-linear dynamics not only on the black brane, but also on compact black objects which are encoded as solitary Gaussian-shaped lumps, blobs. In the rigidly rotating ansatz, in addition to axisymmetric deformed branches, various non-axisymmetric solutions as black bars are found by using this blob approximation, which only stay stationary at the large D limit.
In this article, we demonstrate the blob approximation has a wider range of applicability by formulating the interaction between blobs and subsequent dynamics. We identify that this interaction occurs via thin necks gluing blobs. Especially, black strings are captured quite well by this refined blob approximation sufficiently away from the perturbative regime. Highly deformed black dumbbells and ripples are also found to be tractable in the same approximation. By defining the local quantities, the effective force acting on distant blobs are evaluated as well. These results reveal a new aspect of the large $D$ effective theory as the dynamics of interactive blobs -- brane blobology.


The temperature and pressure dependences of the nuclear quadrupole coupling frequency of 23Na in NaBrO3 have been measured. The quadrupole frequency is found to range from 886 kHz at 4.1°K to 849 kHz at 300°K at atmospheric pressure. The pressure dependences were determined at 196°, 273°, and 298°K. From the pressure dependences and the compressibility the frequency was found to vary with the volume about as V−2.5 at all three temperatures. The rate of change in frequency with temperature at a constant volume, ν−1(∂ν / ∂T)v, was found to have a positive value and to decrease in magnitude with increasing temperature above 196°K.


The probe comprises a vane (1) rotatably mounted on the aircraft to move in the direction of flow and provided with means (15) representative of differential pressure measuring the aerodynamic incidence of the vane, and means for determining the orientation of the vane with respect to the aircraft. The probe comprises a control loop (14) arranged to cancel the aerodynamic incidence of the vane and controlled by means of differential pressure tapping (15). The probe provides directly the true incidence of the aircraft.


Secure Routing is one of the important issues in wireless sensor networks. A number of approaches have been proposed for secure routing in wireless sensor networks, but there is a lack of sufficient support for quick &secure routing in large-scale sensor networks. We consider the dynamic address routing for wireless sensor networks. We consider two security algorithms namely RSA (Rivest, Shamir &Adleman), Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) as an initial test for dynamic address routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. We consider five routing attacks such as Directory attack, Brutal attack, Wormhole attack, Sinkhole attack and Sybil attack against dynamic address routing in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a common key cryptographic security algorithm named Random Number Addressing Cryptography (RAC) for providing energy efficient secure dynamic address routing protocol for scalable wireless sensor networks. RAC security algorithm works energyefficiently and provides better security than RSA and ECC.


Most people using the Pathway currently find sprinkler watering systems to be inconvenient. In this situation, it is important to monitor sprinklers fixed in the walking area to reduce human foots to water. A practical survey has been done to collect the actual data. They are addressing the applications of the current devices for spraying. A solution to the problem has been presented. The monitoring system could be automated by turning it on and off when a human interruption is nearby. Functioning sprinkler To ensure sustainability, the meteorological and soil factors are also tracked. To measure the heat, humidity and water content, the sensing devices are employed. An IoT-enabled autonomous device activates a sprinkler mechanism. The mechanical pump delivers water to the sprinklers. Although this equipment looks like highly functional, the system requires a effective design to reduce the water supply and energy loss when operated remotely. Two probes on the sensor can be used to calculate the quantity of water. IoT moisture measuring is employed to find moisture content. In this device, sprinkler system to turned on or off, as well as a calibrate, to determine the amount of. The moisture sensor is linked straight into the internet module to present the data in real-time. The user's field's moisture content is displayed on the connected device for them.


.............................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. iii Vita ..................................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... x Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Background ....................................................................................................... 5 Theoretical Foundations .................................................................................................. 5 Musical Affect ............................................................................................................... 11 Models of Musical Communication .............................................................................. 15 Irony and Sarcasm ......................................................................................................... 21 Hypotheses .................................................................................................................... 27 Chapter 3: Performer Model of Musical Sarcasm ............................................................ 29 Background ................................................................................................................... 29 Methodology ................................................................................................................. 30