ABSTRACT Who is the human being? A powerful, enhanceable biological organism, which techniques and artifacts can augment or a disembodied spirit damned to be influenced by its fragile body? In Defense of the Human Being accounts for both perspectives existing in the contemporary debate on the human and provides us with an answer: we should conceive of " … the human person as a physical or embodied being, as a free, self- determining being, and ultimately as an essentially social being connected with others." (p. 2). Temporality, embodiment, relationality, vulnerability: we need to take into account these features and embrace them, even though this means to accept that we cannot live forever, we cannot rely on machines only, but we have to fulfil our existence.


The energy crisis of recent years is primarily a petroleum shortage. Thus because the depletion of world petroleum reserves can now be foreseen, a new form of portable energy will be needed to power gasoline and diesel engines. Alcohol is a portable, clean-burning form of energy that is already in limited use as a partial replacement for gasoline and diesel. The state of the art of gasohol (a blend containing, by volume, anhydrous alcohol and gasoline) and diesohol (a blend containing, by volume, 10% or more anhydrous alcohol and 90% or less diesel fuel) as conventional engine fuels is reviewed in two parts, the former in Part(I) and the letter in Part(II). Physico-chemical properties and performance characteristics of the blended fuels are discussed in conjunction with conventional engines. Alcohol-diesel blends exhibit, from one stand point, near interchangeability with, and from a different stand point, better performance characteristics than neat diesel fuels if some hardware modifications can be made. Necessity of product-oriented development work was stressed in order to arrive at "Engineered Fuel Formulations" encompassing as many different designs of engines and fuel compositions as possible. Also, economics aspects including that of producing ethyl alcohol from biomass are discussed.


To improve the physical properties of protein films, various plasticizers and cross-linking agents were used in the preparation of the films. For zein film, 3% polypropylene glycol with 3% glycerol was the best plasticizer, while 2.5% glycerol was the most suitable for soy protein isolate (SPI) film in terms of tensile strength (TS), % elongation, and water vapor permeability (WVP). Formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, glyoxal, and cinnamaldehyde as cross-linking agents of protein films were used to further improve the physical properties of the films. All aldehydes used as cross-linking agent in this study improved TS of zein and SPI films. In particular, cinnamaldehyde was the best cross-linking agent due to its safety in foods. These results suggest that appropriate use of plasticizer and cross-linking agent like cinnamaldehyde should improve the physical properties of protein films for use in food packaging.


Objective To investigate whether the mitochondrial DNA content could predict the embryo viability Design Retrospective analysis. Setting Reproductive genetics laboratory Patient(s) A total of 421 biopsied samples obtained from 129 patients Intervention(s) Embryo biopsies samples underwent whole genome amplification (WGA) and were tested by next generation sequencing (NGS) and array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH), 30 samples were selected randomly to undergo quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Main Outcome Measure(s) Those embryos which obtained the consistent chromosome status determined both aCGH and NGS platform were further classified. We investigated the relationship of mtDNA content with several factors including female patient age, embryo morphology, chromosome status, and live birth rate of both blastocysts and blastomeres. Result(s) A total of 386 (110 blastomeres and 276 blastocysts) out of 399 embryos showed consistent chromosome status outcome. We found no statistically difference was observed in aneuploid and euploid blastocysts (p=0.14), the same phenomenon was observed in aneuploid and euploid blastomeres (p=0.89). Similarly, the mtDNA content was independent of female patient age, embryo morphology and live birth rate. Conclusion(s) The mtDNA content did not provide a reliable prediction of the viability of blastocysts to initiate a pregnancy.


Water capture and precipitation use ef fi ciency are of great importance in dryland cropping systems because the world's dependence on food produced indryland areas continues to increase.Growing season evapotranspiration potential greatly exceeds growing season precipitation rates in dryland areas, creating a water de fi cit for crops. Management practices that positively impact soil physical properties increase the potential for soils to capture water. One way to assess the ability of soils to capture water is through the measurement of sorptivity. Sorptivity isde fi nedasthecumulativein fi ltrationproportionalityconstantandisgovernedbysurfacesoilphysicalproperties such as texture, degree of aggregation and aggregate stability. A study was conducted to determine how crop residue accumulation after 12 years of no-till management affects surface soil sorptivity under semi-arid dryland conditions and how sorptivity is related to surface soil physical properties known to be related to crop residue accumulation. Surface soil sorptivity, bulk density, porosity (total and effective) and aggregation measurements were made across cropping systems and soil positions representing a wide gradient of crop residue accumulation at 3 sites in eastern Colorado. Results show that increasing cropresidueaccumulationwillhavetheindirecteffectofincreasedsorptivityviaimprovementsinsoilaggregation, bulk density, and porosity that are conducive to water in fi ltration. Management practices that result in greater amounts of crop residue returned to the soil system lead to bene fi cial soil physical properties that increase water sorptivity,greatlyreducingthepotentialforrunoffanderosion,andtherebyincreasetheprecipitationuseef fi ciency of the system.


Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism of Th cells immune response after inoculation of EHF vaccine.Methods The volunteers were inoculated the EHF vaccine three times.The sera and lymphocytes of the volunteers were collected:The concentration of IL-12 and sICAM-1 in sera was measured by ELISA;The expression of CD28 on lymphocytes detected by IFA;B7-2 gene of lymphocytes before inoculation was checked by PCR-SSP.Results Compared with the levels of IL-12 and Sicam-1 in sera before and after inoculation,which is with statistical significance;Compared with the expression of CD28 after inoculation,the augment levels were of substantial significane.B7-2 gene of lymphocytes before inoculation was checked by PCR-SSP,there were 5 cases of B7-2 positive ,ie,3 of Chinese han、1 of Chinese tong and 1 of Chinese buyi.Conclusions The volunteers were succeedfully induced the Th cells immune response after inoculation of EHF vaccine.


Background: Persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases, and its management ranges from pharmacologic, surgical, or catheter-based therapy. Advances in cardiac surgery have made ligation of PDAs a safe surgical procedure. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the experience in the surgical management of PDA at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital. Subjects and Methods: Retrospective data of patients who had open ligation of PDA at the Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery division University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital from 2006 to 2021 were reviewed. Results: Of the 27 patients (10 males and 17 females), 25 had left posterolateral thoracotomy for PDA ligation. Their median age was 1 year. The mean weight was 7.75 kg with a range of 3.9–20 kg. The mean preoperative PDA size by echocardiography was 5.06 mm and a range of 3–8 mm. Krichenko type B was the most common morphology seen in eight of the patients. The majority (18) had no other comorbidities, whereas two had cardiac and seven had extracardiac comorbidities. Two patients developed pulmonary complications (pneumonia and pulmonary edema), one patient developed surgical site infection and one patient postoperative pyrexia and seizures which resulted in the only observed mortality. Conclusions: We report our experience with surgical ligation of PDA the only treatment modality at our institution currently as we lack the capacity for transcatheter closure.


Sludge adhesion on the inside wall of drying equipments may affect sludge drying performance.Effects of drying conditions on sludge adhesion were investigated by thermal drying experiments.It was found that sludge water content was the main important factor impacting sludge adhesion quantity.When sludge water content decreased with thermal drying,the adhesion quantity increased.The adhesion quantity reached the maximum value when sludge water content decreased to about 60%.The further drying reduced the adhesion quantity gradually.The heating temperature had almost no impact on sludge adhesion when the heating temperature was no higher than 120℃,while the adhesion quantity increased with the increasing heating temperature when the heating temperature was higher than 120℃.Conduction heating would lead to more sludge adhesion compared with convection heating.Rough heating interface would also help sludge adhesion.


tial element for more than a hundred years, ever since it was discovered by Raulin in 1869 to be required for the growth of Aspergillus niger. However, it has not been until relatively modern times that the universal importance of this metal for both human and animal health became fully appreciated. To date more than 200 zinc dependent enzymes have actually been identified in all the main biochemical pathways. It acts uniquely as a Lewis acid catalyst (an electron acceptor) in all life processes. The metal is known to be essential for the function and/or structure of several dehydrogenases, aldolases, peptidases, phosphatases, an isomerase, a transphosphorylase, aspartate transcarbamylase, pancreatic carboxpeptidase, and tryptophan desmolase. Zinc-dependent metalloenzymes are also found among oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases and ligases. Zinc is also required for the action of both carbonic anhydrase and superoxide dismutase. The metal has also been found to be an essential component of both DNA and RNA polymerases. 22 It is also vital for a variety of hormonal activities, including the thymic hormone, glucagon, insulin, growth hormone, as well as the sex hormones. Furthermore, zinc has been found to be essential for normal brain development, particularly concerning the hippocampal function. In addition, zinc is also known for its antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties, and has been found to protect animals against otherwise lethal irradiation by neutrons.


Liver histology is regarded as inadequate for grading the severity of H-GVHD. Thus, liver biopsies (LB) are only performed to rule out other causes of liver injury when the results may lead to a radical therapeutic change. In this study we reviewed the pathologic features in LB from 33 consecutive evaluable patients with at least one LB, confirmed diagnosis of H-GVHD and no other concomitant causes of liver dysfunction. We asked whether the pathologic features in the first LB may predict their clinical outcome. Underlying diseases were AML (9), ALL (8), CML (7), MM (4), MDS (3), NHL (1) and AA (1). H-GVHD developed after BM (15) or PB (11) allo-HSCT, or DLI (7). Twenty-eight donors were related and 5 unrelated, 30 HLA-matched and 3 mismatched. All patients received myeloablative TBI-based (31) or chemotherapy only (2) conditioning regimens, and GVHD prophylaxis with cyclosporine-methotrexate (21) or T-cell depletion (12). The onset was acute in 22 (median day 35, range 5–86) and chronic in 11 (median day 139, range 103–545). The median overall survival (OS) from the onset of liver dysfunction was 6.2 months, with a non-relapse mortality (NRM) of 73.2% at 1 year (CI95=50.2–96.2). The causes of NRM were infection (8), liver failure (3), hemorrhage (3) and others (4). The first LB was performed at a median of 14 days (4–68) from the onset of abnormal liver function tests. The commonest pathologic finding in this series was bile duct damage, but ductopenia was uncommon (4). Neither the presence nor the degree of bile duct damage associated with the clinical outcome. Lobular inflammation (LI) was present in 25 cases (grade 1: 16; grade 2: 6; grade 3: 3). Higher degree of LI in the first LB associated with a reduced NRM (P=.001) and improved OS (P


In this paper we study the delay performance of an ATDM switching element, to which messages composed of a variable number of fixed-length packets arrive via "low-speed" access lines, at the rate of one packet per time slot. More specifically, we analyse the message waiting times and the message delays encountered in this switching element, and compare the results with the case of "fast" access lines, in which all the packets of a message arrive in the same slot. The study is an extension/continuation of previous work, which was mainly concerned with the derivation of buffer occupancies and packet delays. >


To prevent dependency to permanent magnet material for electric machinery construction, there has been an increase on SRM research to enhance its characteristic to be able to compete against permanent magnet motor. In this paper, different core material is tested to see how it will improve SRM characteristics. High silicone steel, also known as super core and new material, Amorphous iron is compared to conventional laminated steel on 450W SRM usually used for household appliance. Finite element method is used to analyze torque and magnetic field characteristics. From simulation, it is concluded that amorphous iron and super core is proven to be able to increase maximum torque and average torque by increasing magnetic field. However, this new material is also shown to increase torque ripple and potentially increase noise.


Psychobiotics, a novel group of probiotics and prebiotics, are a relatively recent discovery, found to modulate central nervous system (CNS)-related functions and behaviors via neuronal, immunological, and metabolic pathways, thus improving not only gastrointestinal (GI) functions, but also suggesting strong antidepressant and anxiolytic potential. Scientists are moving closer to the possibility of treating mental and behavioral illnesses with advanced and cost-effective approaches, targeting dietary modifications in the form of "psychobiotic" supplements consisting of brain-benefiting bacteria, as they uncover more and more about the gut-brain axis. This review examines the relevant scientific work that has been generated so far, analyzing the efficacy of psychobiotic treatment in improving mental health and neuropsychiatric disorders, providing a complete assessment of its potential as an alternative therapy for psychiatric disorders and its future prospects in this domain.


Since the Nobel Prize-winning discovery by Huggins and Hodges in 1941 [1] that reducing circulating testosterone levels by orchidectomy or exogenous estrogens has a beneficial effect on patients with prostate cancer, androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) has become the mainstay of treatment for advanced disease. However, most patients will eventually progress on this treatment and develop what has previously been termed 'hormone-refractory' prostate cancer. This is a misnomer as several studies have shown that newer, more sophisticated antiandrogens and hormone biosynthesis inhibitors can continue to have significant activity in a proportion of patients, even at very advanced stages. Antiandrogens are oral compounds that compete with endogenous ligands for the androgen receptor (AR), and thereby block the biological effects of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. When bound they induce a conformational change that impedes transcription. These drugs can be broadly split into two categories: steroidal and nonsteroidal. Steroidal antiandrogens, such as cyproterone acetate, were the first to emerge. These are broadacting drugs, however, and can be associated with a wide range of side effects. This led to the development in the 1970s of nonsteroidal agents, such as flutamide, nilutamide and bicalutamide, which are better tolerated. Bicalutamide has been extensively investigated in the Early Prostate Cancer program. This multicenter, prospective trial randomized 8113 men with nonmetastatic disease to bicalutamide 150 mg or placebo in addition to standard care. Standard care could be with surgery (radical prostatectomy), radical radiotherapy or watchful waiting where appropriate. The fourth and final ana lysis, with a minimum follow-up of 10 years, showed significant advantages for men with locally advanced disease in terms of progression-free survival [2]. There was also a highly significant improvement in overall survival in favor of bicalutamide when used as an adjuvant to radiotherapy for men with locally advanced prostate cancer.


Despite leading in production of many important agricultural commodities, the income of agriculture dependent households remained one of the lowest ( 3980/month per households) in West Bengal and far below the national average ( 6426/month/household). The paper has analysed the past performance of agriculture sector in the state's economy from the available secondary data and also has looked into effectiveness of the existing price policy. Besides, technology options, agricultural market scenario/linkage have been analysed through primary information from the most vulnerable group of farmers in the coastal region to understand how far doubling of income was achievable. However, the micro-level households' data analysis has indicated ample opportunities to increase farmers' income through enhancing cropping system intensification. Technology options are also available for increasing cropping intensities. The agriculture sector needs policy thrust like attracting private investment, value addition to agricultural commodities and marketing innovations. The paper has concluded that doubling of farmers' income in West Bengal is a challenging tasks, particularly due to low agricultural growth (< 2%), lack of market innovations and private investment, but is achievable. The real concern for the farmers in the state was not only to achieve higher (double) income for farmers but also to sustain the enhanced farmers' income which is inclusive across the farmers' groups.


Resistance to hormonal therapy is often a problem in the treatment of breast cancer patients. It has been suggested that resistance could be explained by altered nuclear hormone receptor or coregulator levels or inappropriately increased agonist activity of selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). To test these hypotheses, we have established novel MCF‐7 cell line‐derived in vitro models of anti‐estrogen‐ and progestin‐resistant and estrogen‐independent breast cancer by long‐term culture in the presence of toremifene and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and in the absence of estradiol, respectively. Using cell growth and multiprobe ribonuclease protection assays, the expression of 5 nuclear hormone receptors and 9 coregulators as well as the alterations in the cell proliferation and target gene transcription in response to hormonal treatments were studied. Progesterone receptor (PR) expression was decreased and silencing mediator for retinoid acid and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT) and amplified in breast cancer‐1 (AIB1) expression increased in anti‐estrogen‐resistant cells. Estrogen caused PR and ERβ upregulation in all cell lines, but we did not observe increased agonist activity of anti‐estrogen measured by regulation of these estrogen target genes. Basal ERα levels and estrogenic growth response were decreased and p300/CBP‐associated factor (pCAF) and AIB1 upregulated by estrogen in progestin‐resistant cells, but coregulator levels were unchanged. Estrogen‐independent cells were still estrogen‐responsive and PR, nuclear receptor corepressor (N‐CoR) and SMRT expression was increased whereas steroid receptor coactivator‐1 (SRC‐1a) and CBP‐related protein p300 (p300) expression decreased. Their growth was inhibited by toremifene, but estradiol was able to abrogate this effect, which might have interesting clinical implications concerning the use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The City of Johannesburg is one of the largest metropolises in Africa, with more than 2 000 intersections controlled by traffic signals. The Johannesburg Roads Agency (JRA) is responsible for the operation and maintenance of traffic signals on roads that are the property of the City of Johannesburg. When power interruptions occur, the traffic signals are regarded as four-way stops, and the delays at these intersections are then much higher than under normally operating circumstances. The possibility of accidents is also higher and of great concern to the JRA, as acquainted road users might perceive the progression of vehicles ahead as moving due to a 'green' signal, and this has the possibility of rear-end shunts.


In an article entitled "Terminal Pause in Milton's Verse" I have tried to show that in spite of the great and very proper concern of critics with Milton's use of the "verse-paragraph," the study of Milton's prosody must be in terms of the linear unit, the study of the paragraph being largely a rhetorical problem. In these terms, Robert Bridges' Milton's Prosody is a formulation of the rules of Milton's later blank verse. But Bridges gives very little attention to any of the poems in the Trinity College Manuscript, and none to the readings peculiar to the manuscript, from which we may learn a good deal of Milton's concern for prosody. Of the poems in the manuscript, Comus alone is in blank verse. We shall examine it first, after a brief review of Bridges' findings.


This paper presents the results of a study involving a field scale injection of a grout made of Fluidized Bed Combustion Ash to control acid mine drainage and subsidence at an abandoned room and pillar coal mine. The grout mix was developed from results obtained from several laboratory scale experiments conducted to investigate flow characteristics and strength of the grout. Based on the rheological properties of the candidate grout mixes it was determined that admixtures were needed to stabilize the grout for optimum flow characteristics. Strength requirements for the grout were determined from site specific geologic information and expected stress levels. One thousand cubic yards of the candidate grout were pumped into an inactive panel of an active room and pillar coal mine to investigate the field performance of the grout. The field study showed that a grout made of Fluidized Bed Combustion ash can be successfully pumped to backfill the mine void.


The authors present a mathematical model using a two-dimensional queuing model that obtains the link blocking probability in an ISDN (integrated-services digital network) environment for two types of traffic. The model can be applied to link reservation schemes, private virtual network (PVN), alternate routing, and priority traffic. This model is extended to networks, with several different types of traffic.<<ETX>>


As the international community adjust to implement UN Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) adopted by the United Nations on 31 October 2000 innovative women peace-builders make inroads across the globe. Negotiating peace and rebuilding societies is nothing new for women--it is a reaffirmation of it not its conception as embodied in the resolution. We have yet to meet a human being not born of a woman or a mother who did not undergo the most personal of physical trauma in negotiating peace while delivering a new life. Resolution 1325 reaffirms and assures that women assume their decision-making role in conflict prevention and resolution as well as peace-building. One of the main themes of the 48th session of the UN Commission on the Status of Women (CSD) held in New York in March 2004 was womens equal participation in global conflict prevention management and resolution and post-conflict peace-building. While the shift in human consciousness to fully adopt and incorporate the gender mainstreaming contemplated by resolution 1325 is more easily achieved by some women-driven peace initiatives are occurring. Governmental and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are also making conscious efforts to implement the resolution. (excerpt)


This study examines the time evolution of microscopic structure in a model industrial process, a sol of gel-initiated silica particles in a simple Couette shear field, using small-angle neutron scattering SANS) and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) over a large range of scattering vector magnitudes/length scales. Comparison of the experimentally derived parameters with a simple theoretical model provides additional insight.


: In t his article I take a critical look at the origins and sources of Bruno Latour's pluralism as it is expressed in his book AN INQUIRY INTO MODES OF EXISTENCE, and compare it to other similar projects (Wittgenstein, Feyerabend, Badiou). I consider the accusations of reductionism and of relativism, and demonstrate that Latour's «empirical metaphysics» is not an ontological reductionism but a pluralist ontology recognising the existence of a plurality of entities and of types of entities. Nor is it an epistemological relativism but an ontological pluralism affirming the existence of a plurality of types of existence. These two strands, pluralist ontology and ontological pluralism, mutually reinforce each other to produce at least the outlines of a robust pluralist realism.


Romania Background. The process of developing motor skills in secondary education has, over time, experienced constant improvement concerns from the part of specialists who plan and manage the physical education activities for this age group. Optimizing physical training during puberty is a much more difficult endeavour than during adulthood. Acquiring new motor skills, their cor-rect management and guidance, as well as their application in motor mastery stages, are dependent on the development degree of conditional skills such as speed, strength, resistance, on their forms of manifestation and on their combination. Aim. The aim of our research was to develop motor skills in 6th grade girls by means of applicative courses and to compare the effectiveness of experimental and classical curricula. Methods. During school year 2016–2017, we applied an experimental curriculum on the experimental group, which focused on a number of 32 applicative courses, divided on the learning units. Out of these learning units, 8 courses are dedicated to the motor skill speed, 10 courses to the development of different types of strength, 6 to the motor skill resistance and 8 concentrate on the combinations speed-coordination or strength-resistance. Results. The interpretation of the difference of signification between the averages of the two groups – for the final tests – indicates a slight progress of girls form the experimental group, in all the trials used. Nevertheless, there were statistically significant differences only for 3 of the 13 trials. Conclusions. The insignificant differences between the two independent groups obtained at most final tests indicate the fact that the use of applicative courses is not better than the classical methodology used to develop conditional motor skills. It is indicated to continue the study on larger secondary school groups, both in the rural and in the urban environment, so that the results obtained could be representative at a national level and the conclusions drawn could be pertinent.


This paper aims at resolving the sensor's the response characteristics, sensitivity, high precision, strong anti-interference ability, easy installation and other issues in the large low-speed balancing test of high-speed equipment. It proposes to apply PVDF material sensor progressing low-speed balancing test. And it introduces the design and installation of sensors, makes the experimental data for analysis, and realizes low-speed balancing test of the rotor.


Our theoretical study shows the existence of topological quantum phase transition of light in Cavity QED lattice. We present the conditions for topological phase transition for three different model Hamiltonians in cavity QED lattice. We study these topological quantum phase transition through winding number calculation which is the first study in the literature. We show that the non-topological state is the vacuum state of the system where each cavity contains fermionic type excitations from light-matter interaction whereas the topological state of system contains Majorana modes of excitations at the two end points of cavity QED lattice.


This paper describes the development of the high voltage ac energy meter which is easier to install and maintain and have lower self power consumption. The energy meter covers the voltage range up to 10 kV and current range up to 100 A. The expand uncertainty is within 0.2%.


This paper gives a parametric study on the bond behaviour of reinforced concrete beams under fire conditions. The study identified some most important factors, which can affect the bond behaviour between concrete and reinforcement for reinforced concrete beam at elevated temperatures. These factors such as: steel bar yielding, concrete cover, concrete compressive strength and concrete spalling. The results indicated that concrete cover has a great influence on the bond strength by providing the confinement to the reinforcement. Also, the impact of concrete spalling on the beam is significant for both full bond and partial bond cases. In this study, finite element software VULCAN is used to analyse the beam under fire condition.


Summary Statement The modulation of both quantity and quality of peri-implant bone with either PTH or loading may be viable options to improve implant fixation and patient outcomes. A strong bone-implant interface is essential for successful joint replacement surgery. This study investigated the differences in bone surrounding and within a porous titanium implant after single or combined treatment with two anabolic bone therapies: intermittent parathyroid hormone (teriparatide) and mechanical loading. Porous titanium implants were inserted bilaterally on the distal lateral femurs of rabbits. The right implant was loaded daily (1 MPa, 50 cycles/day) while the left implant was not. Rabbits received daily PTH injections (20 ug/kg) or saline vehicle. Periprosthetic cancellous bone 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mm below the implant surface, bone at the 0.25 mm bone-implant interface and total bone within each implant were examined using tissue-level analyses (quantitative backscattered electron microscopy), cellular analyses (immunohistochemistry staining of osteoblasts with procollagen-1 and TRAP staining of osteoclasts), and shear testing (implant-bone interface). Statistical significance was determined using GEE models (p Both PTH and loading enhanced the mechanical integrity of the implant-bone; shear strength increased 34% and 60%, respectively. Although combined treatment was not synergistic, both PTH and loading individually enhanced the amount and mineralization density of bone at the implant interface and immediately below the interface, thereby increasing the mechanical strength of the metal-bone interface. This research suggests that modulation of both quantity and quality of peri-implant bone may be viable options to improve implant fixation and patient outcomes.


Model-based fault isolation and identification in hybrid systems is computationally expensive or even unfeasible for complex systems due to the presence of uncertainty concerning the actual state, and also due to the presence of both discrete and parametric faults coupled with changing modes in the system. In this work we improve fault isolation and identification performance for hybrid systems diagnosis using Hybrid Possible Conflicts. Fault detection with Hybrid Possible Conflicts relied upon a statistical test to decide when a significant deviation in the residual occurs. Fault detection time is later used to trigger the fault isolation and identification stages. In this work we propose to analyze the evolution of the residual signal using CUSUM to find a more accurate estimation of the time of fault occurrence, which allows to improve both the potential new modes tracking and the parametric fault identification. Moreover, we extend our previous proposal for fault identification in continuous systems allowing mode changes while performing parameter identification.


1. In Honor of Ranko Bugarski: On Language in Context - Towards Integration in Linguistics 2. Ranko Bugarski: Select List of Publications, 1968-1999 3. Part I. Towards the History of Language Study 4. The Impact of the Relationship Between Language, Thought, and Action on the Applied Potential of Approaches to the Study of Language (by Kuhlwein, Wolfgang) 5. Historical Linguistics in Time (by Rajic, Ljubisa) 6. Two Approaches to Morphological Typology and the Diachronic Characterization and Comparison of Languages (by Dezso, Laszlo) 7. The Amnesic Syndromes of Structuralism (by Skiljan, Dubravko) 8. Saussure's View of the Value of Diachrony (by Percival, W. Keith) 9. J. R. Firth and the Cours de linguistique generale: A Historiographical Sketch (by Koerner, E.F.K.) 10. Part II. Towards Integration in Language Study 11. Serbo-Croatian Adjective-Declension Nouns and Viggo Brondal's Principle of Compensation (by Browne, Wayles) 12. The Markedness Principle and the Slavic Color Vocabulary (by Ivic, Milka) 13. The Semantics of a Hero (by Fisiak, Jacek) 14. Clitics and Lexical Features in Generative Grammar (by Miseska Tomic, Olga) 15. Preterite and Perfect in Modern English (by Ahlqvist, Anders) 16. Part III. Towards Language Study in Context 17. Forty Years of Evolution in Contact Linguistics (by Nelde, Peter H.) 18. Historical-Primary Etymology vs. Secondary Etymology of Anglicisms in European Languages (by Filipovic, Rudolf) 19. Language Issues in Ethnic Studies: Research Approach in Some Slovenian Studies (by Luk, Albina Necak) 20. A Diachronic Approach to Sociolinguistics: Language Use in Selected Plays from Croatia (by Thomas, George) 21. A Possible Sociolinguistic Universal (by Jutronic-Tihomirovic, Dunja) 22. A Sketch for a Chronicle of (Anti-)Prescriptivism (by Kalogjera, Damir) 23. Name Index 24. Subject Index


Red blood cell (RBC) degradation after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) negatively affects functional outcome. Although the detection of RBCs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a widely available part of neurological routine diagnostics, the prognostic value as a biomarker remains unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate whether CSF RBC count correlates with established radiological markers of SAH volume and whether the CSF RBC count can predict functional outcome in SAH patients.


This chapter addresses two influential ways of thinking about which political principles we ought to adopt. The first way of thinking starts with expectations about how persons ought to relate to one another in political discourse. Political principles are justified by reference to these expectations. The second way of thinking starts with certain values around which, it is claimed, people ought to structure their lives. Political principles are then justified by reference to these values. These approaches to political justification are in competition, and arguments for political principles of toleration and beyond can be made on either approach. In the work of John Rawls we find an example of the first, 'constructivist', approach. Constructivist values are taken to be appropriate in political justification because people exercising their practical reason to solve shared problems of justice would be committed to these values. Constructivist justificatory values are the values of people who aim at peaceful co-existence and profitable cooperation in political society. Different accounts of what counts as peaceful co-existence and, especially, profitable cooperation yield different constructivist values. I shall offer an interpretation of Rawls whereby political principles of toleration and beyond are justified in virtue of the legitimate expectation that citizens themselves move beyond toleration in their political discourse by engaging with one another in public reason. In the work of Joseph Raz we find an advocate of the second, 'perfectionist', approach. Perfectionist justificatory values are to be found in a true moral theory, or true faith, and are claimed to be appropriate as justificatory values in virtue of their place in a true moral theory, or true faith. Raz argues for multiculturalist political principles that transcend toleration by appeal to the perfectionist value of personal autonomy. On this approach, we start with values embedded in a true moral theory and justify political principles by reference to these values, independent of the expectations we have of those to whom the principles are justified. MCK3 1/10/2003 10:21 AM Page 54


Synthesis of ethyl 5-amino-4-cyano-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate 5 has been achieved via abnormal Beckmann rearrangement of o-chloroaldehyde 1. Reaction of o-aminocarbonitrile 5 with concentrated H2SO4 furnished expected o-aminocarboxamide pyrazole 6. Key intermediates o-aminocarbonitrile 5 and o-aminocarboxamide 6 were successfully utilized for the synthesis of pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives. The replacement of Cl in o-chlorocarbonitrile 3 with secondary amine furnished new synthon 13, which was further used for the synthesis of polysubstituted heterocycles. The obtained new products were well characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and mass spectra.


The invention discloses an integrated current sensor using a Z-axis magnetoresistance gradiometer and lead frame current. The integrated current sensor includes a Z-axis gradiometer and a lead frame primary coil; the Z-axis gradiometer is a magnetoresistance Z-axis gradient sensor and includes a substrate, two elongated soft magnetic flux concentrators, magnetoresistance sensing unit strings which are located at the upper surfaces and the lower surfaces of the soft magnetic flux concentrators and are separated from a long axis center line by the same distance; the separation gradient feature interval of the two soft magnetic flux concentrators is Lg; the magnetic field sensitive directions of magnetoresistance sensing units are perpendicular to the long axis center line; the magnetoresistance sensing units electrically connected with one another so as to form a gradient sensor bridge; the lead frame primary coil comprises an elongated current detection belt located above or below the Z-axis gradiometer; and the current detection direction of the current detection belt is parallel to the direction of the long axis center line. With the integrated current sensor of the invention adopted, 5-to-50A current measurement can be realized. The integrated current sensor has the advantages of low power consumption, small size and high integration.


Real-world applications of bipedal robot walking require accurate, real-time state estimation. State estimation for locomotion over dynamic rigid surfaces (DRS), such as elevators, ships, public transport vehicles, and aircraft, remains under-explored, although state estimator designs for stationary rigid surfaces have been extensively studied. Addressing DRS locomotion in state estimation is a challenging problem mainly due to the nonlinear, hybrid nature of walking dynamics, the nonstationary surface-foot contact points, and hardware imperfections (e.g., limited availability, noise, and drift of onboard sensors). Towards solving this problem, we introduce an Invariant Extended Kalman Filter (InEKF) whose process and measurement models explicitly consider the DRS movement and hybrid walking behaviors while respectively satisfying the group-affine condition and invariant form. Due to these attractive properties, the estimation error convergence of the filter is provably guaranteed for hybrid DRS locomotion. The measurement model of the filter also exploits the holonomic constraint associated with the support-foot and surface orientations, under which the robot's yaw angle in the world becomes observable in the presence of general DRS movement. Experimental results of bipedal walking on a rocking treadmill demonstrate the proposed filter ensures the rapid error convergence and observable base yaw angle.


The present invention relates to a method for archiving data, system, and computer program. Announce signal identifying the data that needs to be archived is sent from the source system (3) to a destination system (4). Feedback signal identifying the announcement signal received by the destination system (4) is transmitted from the destination system (4) to the source system (3). From the feedback signal, the announcement signal whether or not correctly received by the destination system is determined. If the announcement signal is determined to have not been received correctly, at least a part of the announcement signal is retransmitted from the source system (3) to a destination system (4). Data identified by the announcement signal is transmitted to the destination system for archiving data from the source system (3) (4). .FIELD 1


This index presents a list of animals that occur in the book Animal Imagery in the Book of Proverbs. The book focuses on the zoological, literary, and conceptual aspects of animal imageries in Book of Proverbs. Discussions of each animal's characteristics introduce analyses of the accompanying imageries' relationship to their literary setting and their rhetorical function within the worldview of Proverbs. The entries are arranged in alphabetical order.Keywords: animal imageries; Book of Proverbs


The continuously increasing energy requirement on one hand and the incessant depletion of non-renewable fossil fuels on the other urge us to focus on alternative renewable energy sources such as biofuels. Biofuels including biodiesel, bioethanol, biobutanol, biohydrogen, etc., are generated from different biological sources, and their waste which stands as the best alternative in the present scenario. Specifically, the utilization of biological wastes as raw materials for the production of biofuels is considered as best waste management practice. To date, most of the biodiesel production research has been carried out with plant, algal, and microbial samples, or their waste. It is a well-known fact that diesel can also be produced from specific oily fish and their waste using different methods. In addition, fish waste constitutes a major quantity compared to other food waste which is a serious concern. Furthermore, the disposal of fish waste shows an impact on both the environment and the economy. Hence, the development of protocols for the efficient production of biodiesel from fish waste is the ultimate goal. However, insufficient knowledge and less effort in the conversion of fish waste to biodiesel impede the achievement of this goal. Therefore, this review intends to summarize the mechanism of biodiesel production from fish waste. Also, various physico-chemical factors involved in biodiesel production from fish waste were discussed. In addition, research on biodiesel generation from various fish wastes or waste fish oil was also emphasized in detail, which will be helpful for commercial practice. Overall, this information will be useful for improvement in biodiesel production from fish waste.


Animals, subjected to operations of all kinds, are to a great extent anesthetized according to the same principles as human patients, and veterinary textbooks give the same prescriptions as the textbooks of human medicine for preoperative management to avoid the risk of aspiration. Nevertheless, many veterinary surgeons have never observed this complication, and the veterinary literature contains only sporadic reports on single cases. In fact, a recent monograph on veterinary anesthesia1 touches on this problem only briefly.


In this review I summarize current challenges for intersubband laser development devices from a microscopic point of view, as well as recent theoretical results, which indicate the relevance of nonequilibrium many body effects in the complex scattering and correlation microscopic mechanisms underlying the operation of those devices. The strongly nonthermal nature of the electronic wave functions, the fact that the energy difference between the subbands relevant for laser action are of the order of many body effects, and of the resulting level broadening, the Coulomb enhanced cross absorption, as well as the need to account for dephasing in the transport, require our advanced nonequilibrium many body approach for predictive simulations. I further demonstrate that the coupling between light and intersubband excitations in semiconductors is fundamentally different from the well understood coupling to interband transitions leading to excitonic polaritons. Dispersion relations of a more appropriate intersubband antipolariton quasiparticle concept are presented.


The present invention provides a pixel structure and a display panel. The pixel structure comprises the following components: a substrate, at least one switch component, at least one colorful light filtering layer, a protecting layer and at least one pixel electrode. The substrate is provided with at least one sub-area. The switch component is equipped on the sub-area of the substrate. Furthermore the switch component is provided with a grid insulating layer on the sub-area of the substrate. Furthermore the switching component is connected with at least one data line and at least one scanning line. The colorful light filtering layer is provided on the grid insulating layer, wherein the colorful light filtering layer contacts with the switch component and the grid insulating layer. The protecting layer is provided on the colorful light filtering layer, wherein the colorful light filtering layer and the protecting layer are penetrated by at least one contact window, and furthermore one part of the switch component is exposed from the contact window. The pixel electrode is equipped on the protecting layer and is electrically connected with the switch component through the contact window. The pixel structure and the display panel according to the invention have lower manufacturing cost.


I A meeting of the Hancock County Board of Fire Underwriters will t>e held in Ellsworth, at the office of O.W.Tapley, Friday, July 7, at 2 o'clock. Harry C. Stratton, of Waltham, Mass., arrived Saturday to remain over the Fourth with Mrs. Stratton, who is spending the summer here. Mae B. Friend, who was graduated as nurse from St. Vincent's hospital, New York, in May, is visiting her parents, David Friend and wife.


Objective:By investigating the effects of different Chinese medicine compounds on expressions of matrix metal-lopeptidas 9(MMP-9)in chronic heart failure(CHF),we studied the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on further mechanism of ventricular remodeling in CHF on the role of molecular biological sense.Methods:The coronary artery ligation method with exhaustion swimming and reduce feeding was used to cause chronic heart failure rats model.Rats were divided into model group,Western medicine control group,Qi-supplementing group,blood-activating group,Qi-supplementing and blood-activating group and normal group.The real-time quantitative PCR technique and SABC immunohistochemical method were used to detect MMP-9 changes of CHF rats.Results:MMP-9 expression in animal model of chronic heart failure group was increased obviously.The difference in the Qi-supplementing group and blood-activating group and Western medicine control group were not statistically significant(P0.05).And therapeutic effect of Qi-supplementing and blood-activating group was much better than that in the Qi-supplementing group and blood-activating group(P0.05).Conclusion:It is proved Chinese compound of supplementing Qi,activating blood circulation and promoting urination can inhibit or reverse ventricular remodeling process by acting on MMP-9 in organizations,so as to achieve the goal of therapy for chronic heart failure.


It is believed that a good bet for finding the Quark-Gluon Plasma at AGS energies is with the heaviest projectiles on the heaviest target, i.e. Au on Au. One of the likely signatures of the plasma is strangeness enhancement. Al Saulys has shown what it's like to find {Delta} and K{degree} with Si projectiles. Our Monte Carlo simulations show track densities 4 times higher for Au projectiles. In addition, the Au beam itself produces 30 times more ionization. Thus the present TPC's will be limited to only a few hundred ions per sec. This paper discusses plans for these experiments and modification to TPC. 9 figs.


Geographically-separated people are now connected by smart devices and networks to enjoy remote human interactions. However, current online interactions are still confined in a virtual space. Extending the pure virtual interactions to the physical world requires multidisciplinary research efforts, including sensing, robot control, networking, and kinematics mapping. This paper introduces a remote motion-controlled robotic arm framework by integrating these techniques, which allows a user to control a far-end robotic arm simply by hand motions. In the meanwhile, the robotic arm follows the user's hand to perform tasks and sends back its live states to the user in video stream. Furthermore, we explore using cheap robotic arms and off-the-shelf motion capture devices to facilitate the wide use of the platform in people's daily life. No professional knowledge is required from the user. Moreover, we implement a testbed that connects two US states for the remote control study. We investigate different types of latency that affect the user's remote control experience and conduct comparative studies. Results show that the current commercial motion capture device, low-cost robotic arms and networks are already available to provide physically-augmented remote human interactions.


IntroductionFor years literature has been seen as a gendered medium and reading has been viewed as a gendered practice (Bleich, 1986; Cherland, 1994; Flynn, 1983; Holland, 1977; Linkin, 1993; Millard, 1997). Much of the research on gender and literature preference is more than ten years old, yet book and media marketing relies heavily on gender stereotypes based on the findings of those studies. Teachers and librarians still say, "I don't know if I would use that book because it would only appeal to girls" or "boys won't read a book with a female protagonist." This demonstrates the continuing pertinence of the question of whether literacy practices are gendered, and what that might look like today.When responding to literature, the reader approaches the text through the lens of their sociocultural identity constructions. These constructions are reflective of our interpretive communities and are based on shared assumptions about language, the nature of knowledge, cultural models, and social expectations (Gee, 2008). These invisible, common sense assumptions are the basis for ideology and ideologies are often local constructions built on the values of the communities in which we claim membership (Fairclough, 2001).Experiences with literacy help shape our ideologies. The texts that are read or written and the social and cultural contexts in which they are read or written position readers within discourses of gender and sexuality (Davies, 1990). Societal discourses define certain texts and activities as feminine or masculine. The social discourses on gender that normalize certain characteristics and practices as masculine or feminine have a great influence on how we see ourselves in relation to many activities, including literacy practices. This is one reason it is often assumed that those literacy practices are gendered.The problem with the notion of gen- dered reading is that it assumes that all readers take up social constructs the same way. It also avoids looking at the ways we resist social and cultural constructs. Gender practices are neither innate nor omnipresent. Gender essentialism creates a norm, based on our sex characteristics, for how we are expected to engage in literacy practices. This does not consider the economic, social, and cultural factors that also influence identity and literacy. Although the professionals in libraries and schools are attempting to motivate struggling and alliterate readers, the result of such essentialism is text selection, book discussions, marketing of materials, and reader's advisory that reifies gender differences and promotes gender opposition.Revisiting Prior ResearchThis study examined participants' responses to literature in order to revisit research that postulated the concept of gendered literacy. It questioned whether assumptions, based on research more than ten years old, should be used to guide reader's advisory, collection development, and pedagogical decision-making today. Because it is likely that gender expectations have changed over the last twentyfive years, this research looked at the assumptions about gender and literacy from early research done ten to thirty years ago and the current assumptions that the participants in this study brought to the literature they read and to which they responded. The study also sought to understand how those assumptions and expectations may have changed, how they shaped participant responses to the texts, and how the texts and the socially situated classroom discourse reproduced or resisted the gender norms described in earlier research.Gender and Literacy PracticesBecause we understand how to perform gender through our experiences with our communities, this research was guided by social constructionism, which looks at cognition as an external process, occurring during the negotiation of understanding in a discursive interaction (Hruby, 2001). We leam through talk and interaction with others. …


An Economic Theory of Information Escrows Ian Ayres* and Cait Unkovic** A variety of information escrows – including allegation escrows, suspicion escrows and shared-interest escrows – hold the promise of reducing the first-mover disadvantage that can deter people with socially valuable private information from disclosing that information to others. Information escrows allow people to transmit sensitive information to a trusted intermediary, the escrow agent, who only forwards the information under pre-specified conditions. For example, an allegation escrow for sexual harassment might allow a victim to place a private complaint into escrow with instructions that the complaint will only be lodged with the proper authorities if the escrow agent receives allegations against the same individual by at least one other claimant. We assess the benefits and costs of allegation escrows and discuss how they might be applied to a variety of claims – including sexual harassment, adultery, corporate and public whistle-blowing, and physician reporting of negative drug reactions. We also show how analogous "shared-interest escrows" might be used in workplace dating and adoption contexts to facilitate the discovery of parties' mutual interest where unintermediated expressions of interest might themselves be harassing. *email@example.com Townsend Professor, Yale Law School. **firstname.lastname@example.com Student, Jurisprudence and Social Policy, University of California Berkeley. We are grateful to Bruce Ackerman, Mark Branch, Jeremy Bulow, Barry Nalebuff and William Samuelson for useful comments.


Currently there are many fiberoptic instruments available to the oto‐laryngologist. These include, in addition to the rigid endoscopes, the fiberoptic headlight, cable, indirect laryngoscope, nasopharyngoscope, flexible laryngoscope, flexible esophagoscope and flexible bronchoscope. Each possesses a certain unique characteristic to aid the otolaryngologist.


A completely newly designed multifunctional flexible facility for the primary calibration of reference solar cells and the spectral characterization of all solar cell types has been developed and built at PTB. The new facility is based on the successfully applied Differential Spectral Responsivity (DSR) method that allows the determination of the absolute spectral responsivity and nonlinearity of solar cells with the lowest uncertainties. By using a tunable laser system, the new setup avoids the main problem of monochromator-based systems: the low optical power level of the monochromatic beam. Thus it enables a significant reduction of the uncertainty for the short circuit current under standard test conditions ISTC of large solar cells.


The Republic of the Transkei is situated in the south-east of the Republic of South Africa and is bounded by the Cape Province, Natal, Lesotho and the Indian Ocean. The area of the country is some 43 200 km 2 , almost as large as Denmark and twice the size of Wales. It is a country made up of mountainous regions along the Lesotho border and the rest is made up mostly of rolling hills with deep river valleys. It is a summer rainfall region ranging between 500 mm and 1300 mm per year and thus the country may be termed well watered. Climatic conditions may be described as temperate with occasional frosts during the worst winter months.


Treatment of fibroids with hysteroscopic morcellation has pros and cons. For in-office treatment, the advantages and disadvantages are described here.


The methyl-d3 group is a new isotopic functional group for medicine design. In this work, we report an electrochemical deuteration approach for converting aromatic trifluoromethyl to methyl-d3 groups with deuterium water in common DMF. Yields up to 94%, D ratio up to 97%, and CD3 incorporation up to 90% were achieved. A basic additive is the key factor enabling the highly chemoselective reaction.


Railway axle counters are used to control occupancy of railway sections. Their typical application is occupancy control of level crossing or open railroad sections within the automatic block system. This paper presents railway axle counter prototype using microcontrollers that fulfil SIL 3 safety level, defined by IEC 61508 Standard.


The treatment of VTE with direct oral anticoagulant (DOACs) is a common treatment and therapeutic regimens and timing of treatment are well documented by international guidelines both for initial therapy and for extended therapy. Suggested doses of each drug are established after dose-findings studies and thereafter after phase III clinical trials. Suggested doses of edoxaban to treat VTE are based on 60 mg daily while other available dosages, in particular 30 mg daily are suggested if patients show impaired renal function with moderate kidney failure, low body weight or concomitant use of P-glycoprotein inhibitor drugs. However, there are not studies concerning the optimal treatment with any DOACs and in particular for edoxaban for patients aged less than 18 years, because in dose findings studies and in phase III trials alle selected subjects were major than 18 years old; these informations are also lacking in the Literature concerning real life studies too (e.g., case reports and so on). So 30 mg daily of edoxaban for patients younger than 18 years may be considered an off label target. Moreover the off label dosage of 30 mg daily of edoxaban to treat juvenile VTE is related not only to young age but also to other clinical characteristics as juvenile metabolism and body weight and BMI, gastrointestinal absorption and renal and liver metabolism. This report may so add useful information for a next future application of this kind of drugs also in young patients affected by VTE.


ABSTRACT A methodology for the systematic assessment and treatment of psychosocial problems of cancer patients was developed by a research team investigating the psychosocial impact of cancer on the adult patient. The assessment instrument is a structured problem-oriented interview designed to reveal a patient's self-report of 122 cancer-related psychosocial problems which was administered at several points during the course of a patient's disease. Psychosocial intervention was based on the results of this assessment and was delivered by "oncology counselors." Actual contacts with the patient were recorded in a "Problem Oriented Record." A case study is presented in order to demonstrate the usefulness of this approach to both psychosocial assessment and intervention with the cancer patient.


Superhigh resolution with use of a bent natural quartz crystal has been obtained. The instrumental line‐width at Eγ=176.8889±0.0002 keV was 0.19 s of arc (5.9 eV) in the 2nd of reflection and 0.20 s of arc (2.5 eV) in the 5th order.


An old person typically has am ixed attitude towards the welfare-state beneÞts when they are Þnanced by capital taxes, because her income derives mostly from capital. We develop a simple political-economy model, which focuses on the effect of aging on this dillema. The theory predicts that tax rates on capital income could actually rise as the population ages, even though older individuals would be expected to own more capital than the young and thus vote against higher taxes. We then confront the key prediction of the model with panel data for ten European Union countries, over the period 1970-1996. We investigate the asymmetric effect of aging on the taxation of capital and labor. The implications of the model are shown to be consistent with panel data.


T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, a subset of CD4+ T cells, critically regulate the adaptive immune response by promoting germinal center (GC) B cell maturation into memory B cells and antibody secreting plasma cells. Tfh cells promote the GC response through the production of canonical cytokines IL-21 and IFNg, or IL-4 and CD40L signaling. Tfh cells progressively differentiate to regulate the germinal center response, but other than previous studies using cytokine reporter mice, the stages of this differentiation remain unclear. We identified that CD9, a tetraspanin protein, is temporally upregulated on a subset of Tfh cells following acute LCMV infection. To assess the function of the CD9 expressing Tfh cells, we compared migration to GC honing chemokines CXCL12 and CXCL13 and cytokine production between CD9hi and CD9lo Tfh cells at 8 days post LCMV infection. We found that CD9hi Tfh cells exhibited enhanced migration to CXCL12 and CXCL13 compared to CD9lo cells. Ex vivo stimulation of Tfh cells revealed that the CD9hi subsets were the primary producers of IL-21 and IFNg. Transcriptional analysis demonstrated that that CD9hi and CD9lo Tfh cells are distinct subsets characterized by enhanced expression of cell cycling genes in the CD9hi fraction. Thus, not only does CD9 identify the cytokine producing population of Tfh cells but marks a functionally and transcriptionally distinct subset promoting GC responses during viral infections.


We construct derived fundamental group schemes for Tate motives over connected smooth schemes over fields. We show that there exists a pro affine derived group scheme over the rationals such that its category of perfect representations models the triangulated category of rational mixed Tate motives. Under a hypothesis which is weaker than an integral version of the Beilinson-Soule vanishing conjecture we show that there is an affine derived group scheme over the integers such that its perfect representations model Tate motives with integral coefficients. The hypothesis is for example fulfilled for number fields. This generalizes previous non-derived constructions of fundamental group schemes for Tate motives with rational coefficients.


This paper provides a signaling model to analyze the equilibrium fee structures arising when attorneys are heterogeneous with regard to unobservable ability. Unlike fixed fees, contingent fees are more profitable to attorneys who have a greater probability of winning, and thus may serve as an ability signal. It is shown that pooling equilibria are the only equilibria when high-ability attorneys do not have sufficient capacity to serve all consumers. For all pooling equilibria (i) both highand low-ability attorneys charge the same simple contingent percentage fee, and (ii) the highs operate at capacity while the lows have excess capacity. In some equilibria, positive profits are earned by both types of attorneys despite the excess capacity. * I would like to thank Tasneem Chipty, Howard Marvel, Hajime Miyazaki, Dan Levin, David Reitman, Kathryn Spier, and Alan Viard for helpful comments on previous versions of this paper. Special thanks to James Peck for many useful conversations and suggestions. Any remaining errors are my own.


The invention provides a kind of underground piping leakage inspector and its detection method, the device is made up of the part such as ultrasonic flow-velocity meter A, ultrasonic transmitter and data processing module, ultrasonic receiver, ultrasonic flow-velocity meter B and pipeline.The upper and lower stream flow velocity measured by two ultrasonic flow-velocity meters, and ultrasonic transmitter launch time and ultrasonic receiver receive the difference of time, it is possible to conclude underground piping whether leak, and determine in leak the position at leak.The beneficial effects of the present invention are:The position of pipe leakage point can be precisely determined without excavating ground, labour cost is both saved, the clean and tidy of urban environment can be kept again.


The Association Between Dairy Consumption and Insulin Resistance Andrea Erickson Department of Exercise Sciences, BYU Master of Science Background: A cross-sectional design was employed to ascertain the relationship between dairy consumption and insulin resistance (IR) in 272 middle-aged, nondiabetic women. Methods: Participants kept a seven-day weighed food record to report their diets, including consumption of dairy foods. IR was assessed using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA), using the following formula: fasting plasma insulin (μU/ml) x fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)/405. The Bod Pod was used to examine body fat percentage, and accelerometry over a seven-day period was used to assess physical activity. HOMA values were log-transformed and regression analysis and the General Linear Model procedure were used to determine how mean HOMA differed across low, moderate, and high dairy intake groups. Results: (Mean ± SD) age: 40.1 ± 3.0 years, physical activity (average activity counts for one week, divided by 1,000): 2700.1 ± 781.9, body fat percentage: 31.7 ± 6.9, weight (kg): 66.1 ± 10.0, fasting glucose (mg/dL): 86.7 ± 5.9, fasting insulin (μU/mL): 7.0 ± 4.2, energy intake (kcal/day): 2051.9 ± 319.1, kcal from carbohydrate (%): 55.7 ± 6.2, kcal from protein (%): 13.8 ± 2.5, kcal from fat (%): 30.5 ± 5.8, soluble fiber (g per 1,000 kcal): 1.7 ± 0.9, insoluble fiber (g per 1,000 kcal): 3.8 ± 1.9, dairy intake (servings/day): 1.1 ± 1.0, HOMA: 1.5 ± 1.0, log-transformed HOMA: 0.3 ± 0.6. Those in the highest quartile for dairy consumption had significantly higher log-transformed HOMA (0.41 ± 0.53) than those in the moderate (0.22 ± 0.55) or low (0.19 ± 0.58) consumption categories (F = 6.90, p = 0.0091). This relationship remained significant after controlling for all covariates (F = 4.71, p = 0.030). Controlling for physical activity strengthened the relationship between dairy consumption and IR by 7%. Adjusting for body weight, percent of kcal from fat, and insoluble and soluble fiber intake also strengthened the relationship. Controlling for energy intake and body fat percentage weakened the relationship by 32% and 13%, respectively, though it remained significant. Conclusion: High dairy consumption is significantly associated with IR in middle-aged, nondiabetic women.


Thank you very much for downloading mechanisms of stimulus response coupling in platelets. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen readings like this mechanisms of stimulus response coupling in platelets, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful bugs inside their desktop computer.


Pilot scale sewage sludge ecological stabilization system was conducted for sludge dewatering,mineralization and stabilization.The study was performed from 2005 to 2008 on a bed with a total area of 80 m2.Influent total solid,volatile solid and water content were averaged 22.34 g/L,7.76 g/L and 97%.Sludge loading rate was averaged 0.691 kg(TS)/m2·d.The first two years were sludge loading period and the other two years were natural stabilization period.The percolate COD removals ranged from 60%~80% in the first year,and from 40%~50% in the second year,with 100~200 mg/L of effluent COD concentration.During the first two years,the percolate did not filtrate downwards evenly.Part of percolate filtrated downwards along stems,roots and cracks existing in dried sludge which had lower flow resistance.During the natural stabilization periods,sludge water contents decreased to 34.3% and 30.5%,and organic matter contents decreased to 16.8% and 10.24% in the third and forth years,individually.Total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents of stabilized sludge were averaged to 0.98% and 0.27%.It was found that plant biomass and nutrient components in the system were higher than that of native ones.


The interaction between an atomic ensemble and a light mode in a high-finesse optical cavity can easily reach the strong-coupling regime, where quantum effects dominate. In this regime, the interaction can be used to generate both atom-light and atom-atom entanglement. We analyze the dominant effects on the collective atomic state and the light field, and derive a unified approach that can account for atomic entanglement induced both by measurements on the light field, and by ignoring the state of the light field altogether. We present analytical expressions for the entanglement induced by the interaction, and determine the conditions that maximize the entanglement-induced gain over the standard quantum limit in quantum sensors and atomic clocks.


Nanotechnology-S. Shanmugam 2019-06-12 Nanochemistry Nanophysics Nanoelectronics Molecular Machine Molecular Manufacturing Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Instruments and Methodology Environmental and Social Issues Basic Information Extensive Coverage Step-by-step Explanation Includes Modern Developments Explores Future Aspects Application-oriented Topics Appendices Glossary Chapter-end References Index


The problem the militarian-patriotic education of youth is considered during welfare activity of public associations of urgency search orientation of problem for a modern society, essence and specificity of considered pedagogical process. The problem of militarian-patriotic education of the citizens of modern Russia is caused by an invariance of functions of the state concerning preservation both strengthening of internal and external safety and integrity of the country. Today it is vitally necessary to our state to bring up patiots, capable to deduce the country from economic and moral crises capable to protect Russia from any invasion from the outside and any displays of terrorism. It is marked, that now state undertakes a number of various measures directed on consolidation of efforts of various departments, establishments, organizations on modernization of system of militarian-patriotic of education in the form of the federal, regional and municipal target youth programs. The arsenal of the forms and methods of work on militarian-patriotic education of youth is great enough. One of the complex forms of inclusion of youth in study of militarian-patriotic of the past of the country is youth search movement. Search movement in youth environment of Russia is a unique welfare phenomenon. The success the militarian-patriotic of education, first of all, depends on high ideological sense and public-useful orientation of spent measures, the important meaning has correct selection of the most effective forms and methods the militarian-patriotic work. The search activity forms at youth such qualities as discipline, responsibility, resoluteness, initiative, independence, honesty. The search movement is understood by wide layers of a society as public movement of the citizens, voluntary and gratuitously conducting work on detection and burial place not buried lost people within Great Domestic war, establishment and perpetuating of their names. Overcome the uneasy period of struggle for recognition at a state level, continuing the activity, search movement in last years becomes object of scientific researches. The interest in many respects is supported by urgency of study as social, culturological and historical phenomenon, by which the development of the methodological basis is required the inter-discipline approach. Thus, in the decision of a problem the militarian-patriotic of education of modern youth of significant potential the welfare activity of public associations of a search orientation has.


This paper recaps the main results of our proton and electron model – the oscillator model – and relates it to our earlier hypothesis of the neutrino being the carrier of the strong force carrier. We are not quite sure whether this paper is serious, semi-serious or not serious at all. We wrote it to be provocative – in line with Feynman's advice to sophomore students: think through physical equations – what they may or may not mean – for yourself. We hope the reader will have as much fun doing that as us!


This study aimed to research the engagement of Gypsy, Roma and Traveller (GRT) families in Children and Family Centres, with a focus on: who GRT families are, how settings promote engagement, barriers to engagement and outcomes of engagement. A review of relevant literature has been undertaken, along with six semi-structured interviews using a qualitative approach. Both of these were put together in order to have a more in-depth analysis of data.

The main findings of this study were that GRT families are often victims of prejudice. This can create a barrier to engagement in Children and Family Centres, due to parents appearing to be judgemental and professionals not reflecting on their own judgements. This partnered with funding cuts and difficulties in multi-agency working creates challenges in GRT families engaging in Children and Family Centres. However, it was clear that through certain incentives professionals were able to overcome the barriers of engagement. These included; formal and formal ways of engagement, reflective practice, building relationships, promoting two year funding and embracing GRT culture. When these incentives were successful, there were many clear outcomes with children's development, such as speech and language, improving, children becoming school ready, families being more included in the community and stronger relationships.


Cloud computing is a developing archetype with marvelous momentum, but its exceptional aspects worsening the security and privacy challenges. This article provides an overview of the security and privacy challenges pertinent to public cloud computing and points out considerations organizations should take when outsourcing data, applications, and infrastructure to a public cloud environment. We have also proposed a security mechanism "security as a service" for cloud computing. It also explores the roadblocks and solutions to providing a trustworthy cloud computing environment.


The intellectual, scientific and technological developments obtained by humanity produced cities under several civilizations and cultures th at transform ed the nature in urban environm ent which have environm ental and social problems. There are open spaces inside urban environment - gardens and parks - that provide the relationship with nature and mitigate environmental impacts of urban process. The review of some concepts was performed in order to verify how open spaces might be explore for tourist approach, besides its im portance in the urban m etabolism and the recreation and leisure of inhabitants. The urban parks studied were: Ibirapuera Park, Botanical Garden of Sao Paulo, cam pus Agua Funda of Astronomy Institute and Zoological Garden of Sao Paulo


In this paper we present a novel approach to accelerating projects and processes by organizing and controlling the necessary flows of communication in a so-called "Communigram". After a short introduction to the state of the art in this field of management both in terms of available methodologies and IT tools, we expose the how the Communigram is used to define the communication flows of a project or process. We then describe the main characteristics of the software components that have been developed to simplify the use of the Communigram and provide additional value to its users in terms of time savings, comfort, and motivation. Drawing upon real-life implementations of the approach using the new software tools, we discuss the advantages as well as the limitations and give an outlook as to where we believe future evolutions will be directed.


The present work is the first attempt to use countercurrent chromatography for xenobiotics extraction and separation from complex natural matrices without sample pretreatment. A procedure has been developed for the direct extraction and separation of some PAHs from a sewage sludge medium being in fact a concentrated suspension. The sewage sludge and aqueous solutions containing the trace amounts (0.01–10 μg/mL) of PAHs were used as the stationary phase in the column whereas organic solvents (n-heptane, dichloromethane) or their mixture were used as mobile phase. Taking pyrene as an example it has been shown that the recovery of PAHs can be quantitative. When no PAHs was added to the sewage sludge, pyrene was found in the sample investigated at the level of 0.24 μg/mL. The possibility of the subsequent separation of naphthalene, pyrene, and benzo(g,h,i)perylene from the sewage sludge medium also has been demonstrated.


The performance of a hardware distributed shared memory (DSM) system is largely dependent on its architect's ability to reduce the number of remote memory misses that occur. Previous attempts to solve this problem have included measures such as supporting both the CC-NUMA and S-COMA architectures in the same machine and providing a programmable DSM controller that can emulate any DSM mechanism. In this paper we first present the design of a DSM controller that supports multiple DSM protocols in custom hardware, and allows the programmer or compiler to specify on a per-variable basis what protocol to use to keep that variable coherent. The simulated performance of this DSM controller compares favorably with that of conventional single-protocol custom hardware designs, often outperforming the conventional systems by a factor of two. To achieve these promising results, the multi-protocol DSM controller needed to support only two DSM architectures (CC-NUMA and S-COMA) and three coherency protocols (both release and sequentially consistent write invalidate and release consistent write update). This work demonstrates the value of supporting a degree of flexibility in one's DSM controller design and suggests what operations such a flexible DSM controller should support.


The effect of three pre-drying treatments on time dependent deformation due to drying of cement paste conditioned at (96 ± 2) % relative humidity and temperature of 22 ± 2 °C was investigated using a.c. impedance techniques. The treatments comprised methanol and isopropanol exchange (followed by vacuum heating at 37°C) and vacuum drying at 37°C alone. Re-saturation with synthetic pore fluid was performed prior to the drying experiment. Real-time changes in microstructure were followed using impedance spectroscopy. Cement paste specimens were in the form of "T-shaped" columns with a minimum thickness value (for the web and flanges) of less than 1.2 mm. The impedance spectra for the untreated (control) specimens and the specimens dried at 37°C indicated the presence of an intermediate arc. This is discussed in terms of interfacial phenomena associated with collapse of C-S-H structure on drying.


Let G be a strongly regular graph with no triangles (SRNT graph) with the parameters (n,k,0,µ ), ifv is a vertex of G, a subgraph which induced by the set of vertices at distance one denoted by G1(v) and subgraph which induced by the set of vertices at distance two denoted by G2(v). In this paper we introduce and study the subgraph which induced by the set U and denoted by G2(U) where, U can be defined as U = {x : x ∈ V (G),d(a,x )= d(b,x) = 2, and a, b are adjacent vertices}.


Electronic data submission is the future of clinical trials and reviewers will soon have the statutory authority to reject submissions that do not conform to expectations (e.g., via PDUFA V, section XII in the US). Data standards comprise the core of these expectations with the Standard Data Tabulation model (SDTM) standards as the centerpiece. The extensive body of existing guidance is undergoing rapid development and expansion, including the addition of therapeutic area standards which supplement and extend the existing SDTM implementation guidance. As the deadline for standardized submissions approaches, it is incumbent upon all organizations involved in the pharmaceutical industry to internalize the standardization of data collection, transformation, and analysis to ensure compliance with emerging regulatory requirements. This paper explores the challenges of developing, implementing, and maintaining organizational SDTM standards that are flexible, current and harmonized with industry standards. We illustrate how a standards initiative can be established and managed, highlighting the fundamental need for organizational commitment, the value added by SDTM and functional area subject matter experts, and the importance of an extensible infrastructure that provides process and content support to study teams. This infrastructure encompasses standard CRFs, comprehensive mapping specifications, programming tools, and an extensive professionalization of standards knowledge including in-depth training and standards implementation support for study teams. We will discuss this initiative, outlining the challenges and opportunities along with providing a roadmap for ongoing development activities to maintain currency, while extending and embedding the role of standards in the organization.


The mathematical model, describing the intercalation of aromatic fragments to the silicone surface by means of electrochemical reduction of respective diazo-salts, was represented and analyzed, by linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis.  A theoretic comparation of the behavior of this system with that of analogous system was also made by modeling. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v8i3.805


Summary A questionnaire was devised from guidelines published by the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland for the conduct of the pre‐operative interview and conduct of anaesthesia. The responses to the questionnaire formed the basis of an accumulative record of patient feedback on individual anaesthetist's performance and used as one component of annual appraisal. The median 'desired answer' and 'overall dissatisfaction' percentages, and the 'desired : undesired answer' ratio for consultants and non‐training grade doctors from 835 patients at a large Acute District General Hospital were 92%, 0.6% and 12 : 1, respectively.


Governments often regulate not only the overall level of prices charged by infrastructure firms but also the relationship between prices for different services or customers. Prices can differ among different types of customers, even when no customers can be said to be subsidizing another, for example, when one asset is used to supply a service to two or more groups of customers. One of the hurdles that governments must overcome in introducing competition in infrastructure is dealing with the social and political implications of changing price structures, or rate rebalancing. Generally, competition should reduce overall costs in the sector, lessening the need to compensate groups hurt by price increases resulting from rate rebalancing. But if the efficiency gains are not enough to offset the price increases for some groups and the government is worried about the political and social costs of rate balancing, it has three basic options: 1) preserving the old price structure; 2) funding price subsidies from general tax revenue rather than from transfers within the firm or industry; and 3) relying on social safety nets rather than price subsidies. Whichever option a government chooses should stand up against the following four tests: 1) Do subsidies reach the people the government most wants to support? 2) are the costs clear and measurable? 3) Are the administrative costs as low as possible? 4) Is the revenue raised from the source that entails the least cost to the economy? This Note looks at the three options in practice and reviews how they measure up against the four criteria. It concludes that governments should eliminate price subsidies if politically feasible. But even if they cannot, they can still reap the benefits of competition.


The Internet of things provides many useful applications for ease of living. Unfortunately, the IoT has resource-constrained and open vulnerabilities which are exploited by attackers to become their cyber army to do malicious activities. IoT devices are often exploited to launch denial of services attacks. One common countermeasure of the problem is an anomaly-based intrusion detection system. This kind of IDS typically leverages machine learning models to classify attacks. With the advance of underlying feature representation learning of deep learning models, IDS can distinguish between normal and malicious activities. In order to prevent disorientation for future researchers in this topic, we explore several state-of-the-art papers which leverage deep learning models for IDS in IoT network attacks. This paper focuses on one recent IoT attack dataset that was published in 2019. We listed researches that are leveraging the dataset. By discussing all related work using the dataset, we found the research direction in IDS on IoT attack research.


Abstract Self-patterned SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films were successfully fabricated from photo-sensitive solutions by means of UV irradiation through photo masks. After conventional baking and wet etching the films were annealed. The photo-sensitive SrBi2Ta2O9 solutions give high resolution negative-pattern of the mask image down to 1 μm line width by deep UV irradiation at 900 mJ/cm2. The capacitor characteristics of the 210 nm thick films fabricated on the Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by this process showed 2Pr values of 17 μC/cm2, 2Ec of 89 kV/cm, and leakage current densities of 5×10−9 A/cm2 at 5 V. The films showed no fatigue after 1×1011 switching cycles.


Introduction and overview - teacher development in a changing context schoolteachers' needs - past, present and future student teachers' needs - a developmental perspective early years teachers' personal and professional needs secondary-school teachers' needs the needs of teachers of disruptive pupils the needs of teachers of children with special needs.


Objective truth has traditionally been conceived of
in terms of a thought's representation of or
correspondence with an immutable reality. Thomas
Kuhn's evolutionary picture of science based on
notions of incommensurable paradigms, different
worlds and revolutionary ruptures shatters the
traditional, representationalist view of scientific
development, but is often seen as impugning the very
notion of objectivity along with this positivistic
view of science. However, embracing Kuhn's
picture of science need not entail disclaiming
objectivity if one moves beyond the idea that
objectivity must be thought of in terms of
representations and fact-value dualisms. By thinking
with John Haugeland of objectivity as the idea that
everyone can be wrong about something and, thus, that
constituted objects can bring down theoretical
systems, the
tenable and textured notion of
antirepresentationalist objectivity implicit in
Kuhn's work begins to come into view. This notion of
objectivity allows us to go beyond the disposal of
objectivity that Richard Rorty finds necessary in
jettisoning the broken Cartesian representationalist
and dualistic epistemological tradition Rorty rightly
criticizes.


Simplest notch and bandstop filters based on the multi-slot irises in a rectangular waveguide are analyzed with accounting the iris thickness using the Galerkin's method and the Green's functions technique. The problem is reduced to the system of several coupled integral equations, derived from the electromagnetic boundary conditions. The magnetic fields on the inward and outward surfaces of the slots are approximated with sinusoidal Fourier set of basis functions. Theoretical results are presented for scattering parameters of the slot system and these are compared with experiments and some earlier results obtained with the mode-matching method. It is shown, that the method used enables to avoid inverting large full matrices and to obtain successful convergence. Dependences of resonance frequency on the slot dielectric filling permittivity are investigated.


Campus Network is an important composition in basic facilities of colleges and universities in present modern society.It is also an indispensable modernized means and supporting environment for the improvement of teaching and scientific research and management.How to strengthen its construction and display its function is a problem that colleges and education administrative departments are thinking of.The paper analyzes the present situation and main problem in the construction and application of campus network.Furthermore,it puts forward some suggestions on how to improve the construction and application of campus network.


SECTION 1: LAYING THE GROUNDWORK SECTION 2: GENEALOGY, TITULATURE AND PROPAGANDA SECTION 3: CEREMONIES AND RITUAL PERFORMANCES SECTION 4: LEGITIMATION OUTSIDE THE CITY


"Human Support in Renewable Agriculture for a Sustainable Europe"
Researches and experiments have been carried out on bioenergy production all over the world for the utilisation of renewable sources. Based upon their results the biomass of forestry, agricultural by-products, animal by-products and energy crop cultivation are main factors that should be count upon.
Although there are courses, modules in the frame of university education, that partially meet certain expectations (e.g: waste-management, technology) in different EC member countries, there is no certified e-learning training and education program offered with a special focus devoted to Energetic Utilisation of Agricultural Products and By-products.
The main aim of this project is to develop a certified e-learning training and education program and guidelines that includes e-learning elements through a step by step procedure, based on the experience of different partners, to support target group in their professional advancement.
Our project is financed by the Leonardo da Vinci Community vocational training action programme. The project is coordinated by Hatarok Nelkul Iroda (without Frontiers Office) working together with partners from Romania, Hungary, Greece and Austria.


The work discloses the use of CO2 polymer chemistry for the development of a sustainable metal anti-corrosion material. CO2-polyol, a poly(ether carbonate)diol from the telomerization of CO2 and propylene oxide catalyzed by zinc–cobalt double metal cyanide in the presence of a chain transfer agent, was used as a soft segment to prepare a waterborne cationic polyurethane dispersion (CPUD), which showed excellent hydrolysis and oxidation resistance owing to the coexistence of a hydrolysis-resistant ether unit and oxidation-resistant carbonate unit in CO2-polyol. Most importantly, to prepare a neutral CPUD dispersion compatible with an acidic conducting polyaniline, a delicately designed internal emulsifier was fabricated, in which 2,5,18,21-tetramethyl-9,14-dioxa-2,5,18,21-tetraazadocosane-7,16-diol (TDTD), combined with a sufficiently low steric hindrance tertiary amine, was used as the side chain extender (CE), with citric acid as a crosslinker. The internally crosslinked neutral CPUD was demonstrated to be compatible with a waterborne conducting polyaniline (cPANI) dispersion; the composite film obtained from the CPUD and cPANI dispersion showed a significant enhancement in barrier performance to protect against the penetration of corrosive molecules into the metal surface.


The much publicized Avoiding Cardiovascular events through COMbination therapy in Patients LIving with Systolic Hypertension (ACCOMPLISH) trial [1][1] evaluated whether combination therapy with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (benazepril) and a dihydropyridine calcium channel


This research was conducted to find out how much the influence of employee job satisfaction in driving the emergence of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) on employees of the Assessment Center Indonesia (ACI). The influence is expected to create an increase in work performance and productivity in adapting to the conditions of company development and competition. The type of research used is a combination of descriptive methods and causality methods by taking a sample of 30 ACI employees. Data analysis used in hypothesis testing is simple linear regression analysis. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the level of job satisfaction that occurs in ACI is high with a percentage of 81.17%, while the application of OCB is relatively high with a percentage of 78.48%. Job satisfaction at ACI has a positive and significant effect on OCB with an effect of 62.4%. While, the remaining influence of 37.6% is caused by other variables outside the research model.


While ISI is a common issue in classical communications, it is more challenging and prominent in the context of molecular communication, because one cannot readily combat ISI with classical channel equalization techniques. This is due to the fact that transmitter can only release a positive amount of concentration of a specific molecule into the medium. Previous works have proposed use of chemical reactions to remove molecules from the environment, and to effectively simulate negative signals. However, the differential equation describing a diffusion-reaction process is non-linear. This precludes the possibility of using Fourier transform tools. In this paper, a solution for simulating negative signals based on the diffusion-reaction channel model is proposed. While the proposed solution does not exploit the full degrees of freedom available for signaling in a diffusion-reaction process, but its end-to-end system is a linear channel and amenable to Fourier transform analysis. Based on our solution, a modulation scheme and a precoder are introduced and shown to have a significant reduction in error probability compared with previous modulation schemes, such as concentration shift keying (CSK), pre-equalization, depleted-molecule shift keying (D-MoSK), and molecular concentration shift keying (MCSK). The effects of various imperfections (such as quantization error) on the communication system performance are studied.


Objective: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a phenotype cluster predisposing to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. We conducted a study to elucidate the genetic basis underlying linkage signals for multiple representative traits of MetS that we had previously identified at two significant QTLs on chromosomes 3q27 and 17p12.


OBJECTIVE
The main purposes of this study are to investigate the possible effects of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) MAFG-AS1 on the growth and metastasis of breast carcinoma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
The quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was used to assess the MAFG-AS1 level in breast cancer tissues and cells. The wound healing and transwell invasion analysis were applied to explore the invasion and migration of breast cancer cell in vitro. The expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related markers were determined by Western blotting. Xenograft model and lung metastasis model were used to assess the progression of breast carcinoma cell in vivo.

RESULTS
The level of lncRNA MAFG-AS1 is higher in breast carcinoma, and the aggressive phenotypes of breast carcinoma cell are enhanced by MAFG-AS1 transfection. Moreover, we identify that MAFG-AS1 overexpression reduces the expression of miR-339-5p and miR-339-5p is the target of MAFG-AS1 in breast carcinoma. In addition, matrix metalloproteinase 15 (MMP15) is the functional regulated gene of miR-339-5p in breast carcinoma. The aggressiveness of breast carcinoma induced by lncRNA MAFG-AS1 is weakened by the miR-339-5p. Finally, we demonstrated that the development of breast carcinoma cell is enhanced by MAFG-AS1 in vivo.

CONCLUSIONS
MAFG-AS1 appears to play an oncogene role in breast carcinoma by regulating the miR-339-5p/MMP15.


We present a substantial generalization of the equinumeracy of grand Dyck paths and Dyck-path prefixes, constrained within a band. The number of constrained paths starting at level $i$ and ending in a window of size $2j+2$ is equal to the number starting at level $j$ and ending in a window of size $2i+2$ centered around the same point. A new encoding of lattice paths provides a bijective proof.


The experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions in order to know the remobilization of 14C-atrazine bound residues in two soils from Sao Paulo State. Hapludox and Umbraquults soils were incubated for 49 days with 14C-atrazine in special flasks. The 14CO2 evolution was measured according to COSTA (1992). The extraction by solvent and organic matter fractionation were made following LAVORENTI et al. (1997). The extracts obtained were analyzed for their radioactivity and RF values of TLC. The atrazine mineralization from the Umbraquults soil was of minor importance for its detoxification. The hidroxiatrazine was the main metabolite of the atrazine found in both soils. The greatest percentage of atrazine bound residues was found in the humine and fulvic acid fractions, followed by humic acids.