The portable, collapsible container (1) is preferably for cold transport and/or storage of goods, especially foodstuffs. It has a rectangular base (2), a lid (3) on the upper side, a peripheral wall (4) with front wall (5), rear wall (6), left-hand side wall (7) and right-hand side wall (8). The base, lid and walls limit a space excluded from the atmosphere for the goods. The front wall and rear wall are formed by stiff panels. The left and right side walls each comprise a rigid pane (7a,7b,8a,8b) hingeable around a vertical hinge lid (13,14) and connected to the front wall. The base is hingeably connected around a horizontal hinge line with the front wall, so that via an angle of virtually 90 degrees it is hingeable between a position along the inside of the front wall and a horizontal position in which the base is located near the underside of the peripheral wall on the inside. The lid is connected hingeably around a horizontal hinge line with the rear wall or the front wall.


This paper presents an approach which enables a system analyst to derive process models from data models. To accomplish this, existing data models are augmented with additional information regarding the intended process goal and the dependencies which have to be fulfilled. After giving an introductory example and proposing a notation for the augmentations, a simple algorithm is sketched. This derives a process model consisting of all steps necessary to fulfil the specified goal and the related dependencies.


The present invention relates to belongs to the field of oil well wax-eliminating and scale inhibiting technology and provides one kind of solid wax-resisting scale inhibitor. Based on the wax solidifying and scaling law in oil well, some chemicals are selected and combined with some polymers with slow releasing function to produce into the solid wax-resisting scale inhibitor. The solid wax-resisting scale inhibitor is attached to bottom of oil pump and will be dissolved slowly by the flushing oil flow in well, and the dissolved wax-resisting scale inhibitor acts on the inside of oil pipe and oil pump to inhibit wax molecule aggregation and scaling, with the wax and scale being maintained in dispersed state and pumped to ground together with oil flow.


The irradiation of glassy n-propanol at 77 K with 60Co γ-rays has been investigated by the use of low temperature optical and e.s.r. spectroscopy to identify intermediates and gas chromatography to measure yields of gaseous products. Trapped electrons (et-) are formed with a yield G(et-) = 1.7 ± 0.2. Controlled warming and illumination with light λ > λmax suggest that electrons are initially immobilized in cavities surrounded by a non-equilibrium configuration of solvent molecules. The decay of et- at 100 to 110 K is first-order, the Arrhenius parameters being lg A (s-1) = 12.5 ± 1.5 and Ea = 31.3 ± 2.9kJ/mol. For photobleaching with light λ 509nm , (ɸє)509 = 460 ± 501 mol-1 cm -1 independent of the fraction of et- bleached. Unlike thermal bleaching, photobleaching does not change the total radical concentration as observed by e.s.r. The thermal and photolytic destruction of et- are explained by the following reactions: et-→ EtCH2O- + H 2 et- + hv→EtCHOH + EtCH2O- + H2 →EtCHO-. + H2, and the effects of additives are discussed. The thermal decay of the u.v. absorption after complete photobleaching of et- showed evidence of a species stable at 120 K but which decayed slowly at room temperature. An assignment of the u.v. absorptions to the species EtCHOH and EtCHO- is discussed. Some results are presented on the photolysis of γ-irradiated glasses with light of λ 254 nm.


The purpose of this study is to model application IMPROVE on the subjects of ICT class VIII SMP Pertiwi 2 Padang. This type of research is the experiment, this study population was all class VIII SMP Pertiwi 2 Padang. The sampling technique is random (random sampling) .Sampel in this study is VIII.2 classes, totaling 26 students as a class experiment with applying the learning model and VIII.4 Improve amounted to 26 students as control class by applying conventional learning models. From the findings, it seemed that the class that implements the Improve study model has an average value (81.88) higher than students who apply conventional teaching (75.08). From the calculation results of t-test was obtained t = 3,301danttabel = 0.084. Because t count> t table then the hypothesis can be accepted. It can be concluded that there are significant application of learning models Improve on the subjectsofICT, Keywords: Learning Model IMPROVE, Experimental Methods, Results Learning


In this paper, we studied the heat flux effect of thermal metamaterials according to the distance of each layer, which can effectively suppress heat propagation and improve an adiabatic property, through the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulation. Based on multiple layers of thermal meta-materials, the heat flux in the propagation direction could be suppressed by thermal meta-layers. The heat flux transferred through the gap between thermal meta-layers could also be efficiently suppressed by controlling the gap of each meta-layer in a concrete block. It was found that the heat transfer characteristics and the thermal insulation efficiency can be adjusted according to the change of the distance in the 5-layers meta-structure. Furthermore, the adiabatic property greatly changed depending on the location of the heat source and the thermal meta-structure transferred into the concrete. The appropriate thickness of each meta-layer should be used to suppress heat transfer and improve adiabatic properties in the concrete structure from the results of the 10-layer meta-structure.


The minor actinides (americium and curium) contribute to less than 0.1% of the initial spent fuel mass, but dominate the long-term radiotoxicity and heat load of the residual high active waste (e.g. vitrified waste) after PUREX. Several solvent extraction processes using different strategies (multi-cycle versus single-cycle) have already been developed for minor actinide separation from PUREX raffinate[1]. Due to the high radioactivity and share of spontaneous fission in the decay of curium isotopes, any fabrication of curium containing nuclear fuel would require special handling and a facility with high level of shielding. Therefore, an effective method for separating Am(III) alone prior to re-fabrication is a major prerequisite for the discussion of further innovative fuel cycle scenarios. This strategy requires separating Am(III) from Cm(III), which is an even more challenging task than the actinide(III)/lanthanide(III) separation. In the framework of the European funded project SACSESS three different approaches have been investigated. They are based on the co-extractiion of lanthanide(III) and actinide(III) cations from a PUREX raffinate into an organic phase containing the diglycolamide TODGA as extractant, and then stripping Am(III) with selectivity towards Cm(III) and lanthanides. Three ligands were studied: H4TPAEN developed at the CEA Marcoule, TS-BTPhen developed at the University of Reading, UK, and SO3-Ph-BTBP developed at KIT. Very promising results were achieved for all systems with a quite high Cm(III)/Am(III) selectivity between 3-4 to carry out the difficult separation at reasonably high process relevant nitric acid acidities. This paper summarizes the work performed to design flowsheets of the Am(III) stripping step in preparation for demonstration tests using centrifugal contactors and is divided in three main sections: Acquisition of batch experimental data for the model, the development of a flow sheet and tests on single centrifugal extractors to get information on the kinetic and hydraulic performance of the systems.

[1] Modolo, G.; Geist, A.; Miguirditchian, M. Minor Actinide Separations in the Reprocessing of Spent Nuclear Fuels: Recent Advances in Europe. Chap. 10 In Reprocessing and Recycling of Spent Nuclear Fuel; Taylor R., Ed.; Woodhead Publishing: Oxford, 2015; 245–287


At present, highly developed industry leads to global environmental pollution crisis. The problem of air pollution is widely concerned. Protecting the ecological environment and promoting sustainable development are the common challenges facing mankind all over the world. In this paper, an optimal dispatching model of environment and economy is proposed to explore the environmental and economic impact of wind power and photovoltaic connect to power system under different air quality. In this paper, the environmental air quality constraint emission method of power generation is established; the unique environmental and economic costs of each unit are calculated under different environmental constraints; the environmental and economic dispatching (EED) model is constructed, and the dynamic dual-population particle swarm (DDPSO) optimization algorithm is adopted to optimize it. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed model is verified through the simulation results.


Zimmermann roots the emergence of Hungarian feminism in noble society. Like virtually all other progressive ideas, feminism found its first proponents among noblewomen such as Blanca Teleki. It was not simply a question of rank but a combination of factors. Noblewomen had access to the best education available to women and the most leisure time. Zimmermann refers to a similar social context in explaining the presence of elite Jewish women among the founders of the movement. The women's movement, as she keenly demonstrates, was a reflection and a product of the symbiosis between nobility and Jewry. This last point, however, has to be inferred by the reader. In contrast to other studies of Jewish women and the feminist movement, it is not explicitly clear here that the Jewish background of Jewish feminists such as Roza Schwimmer played a significant role in their feminist leanings. Zimmermann's ability to examine Schwimmer as a Hungarian woman is an engaging approach, reminiscent of Douglas Johnson's portrayal of Albert Dreyfuss, which made scarce reference to Dreyfuss's Jewishness. While it can be argued that Schwimmer's Jewishness cannot be ignored entirely, Zimmermann is correct in emphasizing her equal or greater affinity to her country and to the women's movement. At the core of Schwimmer's identity was not Judaism but feminism.


The literature on help-giving behavior identifies individual-level factors that affect a help-giver's decision to help another individual. Studying a context in which work was highly interdependent and helping was pervasive, however, we propose that this emphasis on the initial point of consent is incomplete. Instead, we find that workplace help-seeking and help-giving can be intertwined behaviors enacted through an organizational routine. Our research, therefore, shifts the theoretical emphasis from one of exchange and cost to one of joint engagement. More specifically, we move beyond the initial point of consent to recast help-seeking and help-giving as an interdependent process in which both the help-seeker and the help- giver use cognitive and emotional moves to engage others and thereby propel a helping routine forward. In contrast to the existing literature, an organizational routines perspective also reveals that helping need not be limited to dyads and that the helping routine is shaped by the work context in which help is sought. Finally, we extend these insights to the literatures on routines and coordination and debate how our results might generalize even if helping is not part of an organizational routine.


Finding reliable correspondence in two or more images remains a difficult and critical step in many computer vision tasks. The performance of descriptors determines the matching results directly. Compared with other descriptors, the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) has been used widely for its superiority in invariant attributes, while it will fail in the case of locally visual aliasing. To reduce the perceptual alias of features easily confused, we propose an approach which combines a modified feature descriptor with a novel matching strategy. The feature descriptor is modified by augmenting traditional SIFT vector with dominant hue histogram. A novel matching strategy is developed to validate true matches by establishing geometrical relationships between candidate matching features. The proposed method is tested on many image pairs with viewpoint changes. Based on three instances of geometrical constraint metrics and color information, satisfactory results are attained.


We chose fourth order Lagrange interpolated function associated with the nodes as trial function,piecewise constant function as test function,and derivative superconvergent points as dual partition nodes so that a new kind of Lagrange fourth order finite volume element method was obtained for solving two-point boundary value problems.It was proved that the method has optimal H1 and L2 error estimates.The superconvergence of numerical derivatives was discussed.Finally,the numerical experiments show the results of theoretical analysis.


The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic overwhelmed not just the resources in terms of infrastructure but also manpower. With many healthcare workers turning COVID-19 positive themselves, and the healthcare system being overburdened, we were short-staffed in most health institutions across India. In anticipation of a similar crisis, at our tertiary care centre, we came up with certain measures to enhance the manpower should the need arise for not just hospitals, but also the society at large.


Image quality assessment is often performed with deep networks that are fine-tuned to regress a human provided quality score of a given image. Usually, this approach may lack generalization capabilities and, while being highly precise on similar image distribution, it may yield lower correlation on unseen distortions. In particular, they show poor performances, whereas images corrupted by noise, blur, or compression have been restored by generative models. As a matter of fact, evaluation of these generative models is often performed providing anecdotal results to the reader. In the case of image enhancement and restoration, reference images are usually available. Nevertheless, using signal based metrics often leads to counterintuitive results: Highly natural crisp images may obtain worse scores than blurry ones. However, blind reference image assessment may rank images reconstructed with GANs higher than the original undistorted images. To avoid time-consuming human-based image assessment, semantic computer vision tasks may be exploited instead. In this article, we advocate the use of language generation tasks to evaluate the quality of restored images. We refer to our assessment approach as LANguage-based Blind Image QUality Evaluation (LANBIQUE). We show experimentally that image captioning, used as a downstream task, may serve as a method to score image quality, independently of the distortion process that affects the data. Captioning scores are better aligned with human rankings with respect to classic signal based or No-reference image quality metrics. We show insights on how the corruption, by artefacts, of local image structure may steer image captions in the wrong direction.


These essays, based on the conference by the same title held at the New York Public Library in 2008, emerge from a project conceived "as a kind of cultural archaeology, devoted to excavating some key theological currents and undercurrents of the construction of the figure of Judith in Western European thinking" (Elena Ciletti and Henrike Lähnemann, p. 41). The case studies attending to Judith's reception, in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Anglo-Saxon, medieval French, German, Yiddish, English and Italian contexts, show how her depiction both marks and challenges cultural, political and theological trajectories. In the first of three introductions, entitled "The Judith Project," Kevin R. Brine claims that Judith "epitomizes the charter myth of Judaism itself—cultural survival through the commitment to the preservation of Mosaic Law, with the help of God" (p. 3). As the collection confirms, Judith does this—and much more. These essays, by presenting translations of unpublished manuscripts, analyzing new archival sources, and exploring Judith's representation in narrative, poetry, art, music and theatre, demonstrate how Judith serves as a template for marking changing views of politics, ethics, gender roles and theology from the Patristic period to the nineteenth century. Deborah Levine Gera, summarizing Judith's story and its earliest reception in a second introductory chapter on "The Jewish Textual Tradition," dates the original text to some time after the Maccabean revolt in the second century BCE. Judith's story is found in the Septuagint, the Greek texts that served as an inchoate canon for Diaspora Jewish communities and that became the Church's Bible, but she is absent from the writings of Josephus and Philo. No fragments appear among the scrolls from Qumran, and the Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmuds ignore her. Only from about the tenth or eleventh century onward does Judith reappear in Jewish literature. In the Middle Ages, as Gera then details, she becomes linked to the Hanukkah story. In the third introductory chapter, on "Judith in the Christian Tradition," Ciletti and Lähneman render into English Jerome's Latin "Preface to the Book of Judith." They go on to trace Judith's history in Christian sources from late antiquity to the early modern period. Striking (sometimes literally) observations abound, regarding, for example,


In the market-oriented economy,complex relationships between ownership of key resources and the distribution of benefits is emerging as acore issue during the transformation of industrial areas.Based on the case study of Wenzhou industrial area,we propose several innovative planning solutions:strategic planning supplemented by flexible procedures to guide plan implementation and integrated macro-micro level analysis as technical support.Notably in the Wenzhou case,due to market orientation and weak position of the government,plan implementation is prone to deviation from its initial intentions.For example, breach of plan by private parties in their pursuit of individual interestsor damage to public interest may happen from time to time.In order to ensure effective plan implementation,this research highlights the significance of reforming spatial planning documents in favor of policy statements.In addition,the paper proposes to strengthen public-private partnerships by means of value levers and rights alteration so that not only individual enterprises will make smooth transformation but also public interest will be safeguarded.


to focus on two questions: Who deserves to be punished, and how can punishment be humanized? As for the second question, Irwin continues to advocate a prisoners' union and a general democratization of the workplace; he is not, however, sanguine about the likelihood of adoption of his proposals. Irwin has provided a realistic assessment of the contemporary American prison. He writes with insight and sociological imagination. Prisons in Turmoil is a fine book that should be read by all who wish to know about and understand what's going on behind prison bars in this country.


Student dissections are fundamental to gross anatomy. However, as medical curricula are revised and basic science disciplines integrated within the preclinical years, time allocated to teaching gross anatomy has been reduced. Having students alternate dissections is one approach to address these limitations.


Transgenic Drosophila are used to identify the functions of a small set of secretory cells that are typically associated with the sperm-storage organs of female insects.


The sensors abnormalities, faults, failure detection and diagnosis for marine engines are considered crucial for ensuring the engine safe and smooth operation. The development of such system(s) is typically based on the manufacturers experience on sensors and actuators faults and failure events. This study aims to introduce a novel methodology for the sensors diagnostics and health management in marine dual fuel engines by employing a combination of thermodynamic, functional control and data-driven models. The concept of an Engine Diagnostics System (EDS) is developed to provide intelligent engine monitoring, advanced sensors' faults detection as well as timely and profound corrective actions. This system employs a neural networks (NN) Data-Driven (DD) model along with appropriate logic controls. The DD model is set up based on the derived steady state data from a thermodynamic model of high fidelity and is capable of real-time prediction of the engine health condition behaviour. The concept of a novel Unified Digital System (UDS) is proposed that combines the engine's existing control and diagnostic systems with the EDS. The functionality of the UDS system is validated by employing a digital twin of the considered marine dual fuel engine by investigating scenarios for assessing the engine performance that entail abnormalities in the engine's speed and boost pressure sensors. The simulation results demonstrate that the developed UDS is capable of sufficiently capturing the engine's sensors abnormalities and applying appropriate corrective actions to restore the engine operation in its original state. This study benefits the development future systems facilitating the engines condition assessment and self-correction of the engine sensors' abnormalities, which will be required for smart and autonomous shipping.


This study was designed to determine the hepatoprotective effects of Ethanolic Extract of Oxalis stricta Linn.(EEOS) towards Paracetamol intoxicated hepatic damage in Albino rats. The various extracts were prepared dose form 250 mg/kg and 500mg/kg against liver toxicity induced by Paracetamolat a dose of 2 gm/kg p.o once daily. Serum glutamate pyruvate tranaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin content which was elevated due to Paracetamol intoxication was significantly reduced by the extract. Standard drug Silymarin was used as reference. In Paracetamol alone treated animals shows lipid peroxidation was increased with decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels which represents the hepatic antioxidant status. It was further confirmed by histopathological observations. Futher Histopathological observations indicated. From the results it may be concluded that the 70% ethanolic extract of Oxalis stricta Linn . Possess hepatoprotective activity.


An orally available, small molecule agonist of Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6; PTPN6) with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon administration, SHP-1 agonist SC-43 enhances SHP-1 activity by impairing the association between the N-terminal Src homology 2 (N-SH2) domain and the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) domain of SHP-1, triggering a conformational change of SHP-1 and relieving its autoinhibition. Activation of SHP-1 represses signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling by inhibiting constitutive and interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced STAT3 phosphorylation. The STAT3 pathway is overly active in many cancer types and is implicated in cancer stem cell-mediated growth, recurrence, stemness, and resistance to conventional chemotherapies.


Crops plantation dates is considered one of the most important factors in the success of crops plantation process. Obviously, each crop needs suitable values of climate variables to be planted in a certain soil. In other words, a crop plantation in different soils needs different suitable values of the climate variables. Consequently, each soil has a range of suitable values of climate variables to ensure a productive and profitable plantation process for a specific crop. Unfortunately, the ongoing changes in climate variables affect mainly the suitability of planting most crops in the same soil at the same traditional dates. So, such changes in climate variables like temperature and humidity make the traditional plantation dates of some crops in a given place became not suitable. Instead, it becomes more suitable to plant at other different dates that were not suitable before. This paper presents a fuzzy set based approach for adjust crops plantation dates reflecting climate changes. The proposed approach has three main phases, one for defining a crop suitability membership functions, the second for calculating the suitability degrees of year days, and the last one for selection and optimization of most perfect plantation dates. It has been applied on the potatoes crop with temperature and humidity as climate variables in Alexandria governorate in Egypt. In consequent, the final results are presented to a set of agriculture researchers in the Agriculture Research Center (ARC) in Egypt and they admired the results.


136 patients on hemodialysis, 89 males and 47 females, were studied; we evaluated the index of hepatic function (SGOT and SGPT) and antibodies against HCV. We observed 42 cases of increased transaminases classified as non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis. Antibodies against HCV were present in 40 patients. Among 42 patients with NANB hepatitis. 31 (73.8%) presented anti-HCV antibodies. No significant clinical or laboratory difference exists between anti-HCV-positive and -negative patients with NANB hepatitis. The distribution of patients who present anti-HCV antibodies is similar in post-transfusional and sporadic forms.


This paper empirically investigates the causality and long run equilibrium relationship between the Indian stock market and the stock market indices of two developed countries namely USA and UK using Engle Granger causality and Cointegration regression tests. The study depicts that USA and UK market factors influence Indian stock market in the long run. Financial integration is the key to delivering competitiveness, efficiency and growth. But will integration also bring about financial stability? One of the main motivations behind these cross border investments is portfolio hedging, which unfortunately is not effective in an environment of high cross border financial cointegration. It is evident from the present study that investment in US and UK market by an Indian investor with an intention of reducing risk will bear no fruit in the long run. While the increasing surge of international trade and cross border investment in an era of globalization and multinational companies (MNCs), is buttressing financial integration across countries, the financial stability is still a far cry.


Euphorbia wallichii HK. f. (Euphorbiaceae) grows in the Western and Central Himalayan region at an altitude of 3.000 to 4.000 m [I]. Ellagic acid and 3,3'-di-omethyl ellagic acid have been reported from the alcoholic extract of E. wallichii roots [2]. In continuation of our earlier report [3] on the chemical investigation of several medicinal and aromatic plants from the Kashmir Valley in the North-Western Himalayas, we report in this paper our findings on the petroleum ether extract of E. Wallichii roots. The plant material was collected from Gulmarg region in Kashmir and a voucher specimen deposited in the RRL Herbarium. The air dried roots were finely powdered (800 g) and extracted continuously in a soxhlet for 40 h. with petroleum ether (4&60°). After evaporating the petroleum ether extract to dryness 115 g of a deep yellow resinous mass was obtained. Repeated chromatographic purification of this mass on silica gel columns afforded two crystalline substances, Euphol and Euphorbol. Euphol and Euphorbol showed single spots on TLC after spraying with ceric sulphate reagent [solvent system, benzene : ethyl acetate (4:1)].


Neural networks can be combined with simulated annealing (SA) and genetic algorithm (GA) techniques along with decision fusion algorithms to further improve on the accuracy of protein secondary structure prediction. In order to obtain the three dimensional structure of a protein it is first essential to predict the secondary structure of a protein (alpha- helix, beta-sheet, coil). The fusion of these algorithms in combination with neural networks made way for the improvement in the prediction accuracy. In this research the RS126 data set was used for training and testing purposes. An 8% improvement was obtained in the prediction accuracy with the new technique proposed, compared to that of the traditional neural network approach


The state of the self-organizing cluster process is a (cid:12)nite subset of points in a bounded region. This subset represents an evolving discrete approximation to a continuous probability distribution in the region. The dynamics of the process is determined by an independent sequence of random points in the region chosen according to the distribution. At each time step the random point attracts the nearest point in the (cid:12)nite set. In this way the subset learns to approximate its environment. It is shown that initial states approach each other exponentially fast for all time with probability one. Thus all memory of the initial state is lost; the environment alone determines future history.


We show that magnetic fields induced by a near‐earth ionospheric source can produce, at a satellite altitude of 400 km, an induced magnetic anomaly field with an amplitude of 2–3 nT at dawn and dusk local times and 3–4 nT at noon local time. Our results are based on an earth model which has an upper 4 km thick shell with a laterally varying electrical conductivity representing the distribution of continents and oceans. The upper shell overlies a one‐dimensional mantle with a radially varying electrical conductivity. In some regions, the induced anomaly field does not change sign between dawn and dusk and appears static when sampled by a satellite such as MAGSAT. This induced anomaly field could explain some of the weak oceanic static anomalies observed in satellite global magnetic anomaly maps.


Resumen en: Growth parameters (growth rate, latency time and maximal growth) of Penicillium digitatum and Rhizopus oryzae were compared. Parameters were obtained to ...


Modern depictions of the Passion must decide how to portray Pontius Pilate. Was he a pawn of the Jewish leaders, or did he bear some responsibility for Jesus's condemnation? Early Christians were also confronted with these issues. By the Middle Ages, Pilate was viewed as a saint in the Ethiopic Orthodox tradition. Other Christians, however, demonized Pilate, as in the Mors Pilati. Proposals that Christians viewed Pilate in progressively more innocent ways are overgeneralizations. This paper explores what ante-Nicene Fathers said about Pilate and his role in the condemnation of Jesus. The evidence shows that there was no single unified view of Pilate and no smooth linear progression towards an exoneration of Pilate. Some early Christians viewed Pilate in a positive light, yet others in a negative light. Further, some had both positive and negative things to say about the Roman governor. The presentation of Pilate in these writings depended upon the particular point that each author was trying to make. In addition, Pilate was often used as a convenient foil for the Jews. He was never completely exculpated with respect to the condemnation of Jesus, but became an easy tool for


In plants, reactive oxygen species and, more particularly, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) play a dual role as toxic by-products of normal cell metabolism and as regulatory molecules in stress perception and signal transduction. Peroxisomal catalases are an important sink for photorespiratory H 2 O 2 . Using ATH1 Affymetrix microarrays, expression profiles were compared between control and catalase-deficient Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) plants. Reduced catalase levels already provoked differences in nuclear gene expression under ambient growth conditions, and these effects were amplified by high light exposure in a sun simulator for 3 and 8 h. This genome-wide expression analysis allowed us to reveal the expression characteristics of complete pathways and functional categories during H 2 O 2 stress. In total, 349 transcripts were significantly up-regulated by high light in catalase-deficient plants and 88 were down-regulated. From this data set, H 2 O 2 was inferred to play a key role in the transcriptional up-regulation of small heat shock proteins during high light stress. In addition, several transcription factors and candidate regulatory genes involved in H 2 O 2 transcriptional gene networks were identified. Comparisons with other publicly available transcriptome data sets of abiotically stressed Arabidopsis revealed an important intersection with H 2 O 2 -deregulated genes, positioning elevated H 2 O 2 levels as an important signal within abiotic stress-induced gene expression. Finally, analysis of transcriptional changes in a combination of a genetic (catalase deficiency) and an environmental (high light) perturbation identified a transcriptional cluster that was strongly and rapidly induced by high light in control plants, but impaired in catalase-deficient plants. This cluster comprises the complete known anthocyanin regulatory and biosynthetic pathway, together with genes encoding unknown proteins. A, C, G, and T, respectively]) were used, and amplifi- cation products were separated on 5% polyacrylamide gels with the Sequigel system (Bio-Rad). Sodium acetate (22 mg/L) was added to the buffer in the bottom tank to avoid run-off of the smallest fragments. Gels were dried on 3MM Whatman paper, exposed to Kodak BioMax MS films, and scanned in a PhosphorImager 445 SI (GE-Biosciences). The gel images were processed with AFLP-Quantar PRO (Keygene Products), a software application that allows an accurate quantification of band intensities in DNA and RNA fingerprints. Intensity of individual bands was determined and normalized semiautomatically for variations, such as running or loading differences and image artifacts. The obtained raw expression data were further processed via the ARRAY-AN application as described by Vandenabeele et al. (2003). Bands corresponding to differentially expressed transcript tags were excised from the gels and reamplified by PCR with Bst YI 1 2/ Mse I 1 0 primers. PCR fragments were sequenced directly.


This study analyzed and depicted accessibility levels of water schemes in rural areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Data on rural water schemes, population data as well as a community map of the study area were utilized. GIS technique was employed in creating a database of water schemes and the spatial distribution of the water schemes displayed on the map of the study area. Based on the criteria stipulated in the National Water Supply and Sanitation Policy for Nigeria, percentage rural water accessibility map was computed and analysed using ArcMap extension. Findings revealed the discrepancies in the sitting of water facilities and gradual phasing out of handpump boreholes to mini water schemes. Lack of community boundary map is a setback to rural water scheme implementation. Percentage access to safe water supply was found to be very low. It is recommended that the state government should set up Water Supply Technical Committee to regulate water supply programmes with the mandate of redesigning water schemes in line with the national policy standard.


Broken down by occupation, more American journalists worked clandestinely for Soviet intelligence in the United States during the early 1940s than in any other profession except engineering. However, since reporters had no direct access to government secrets, most research focuses on their role as messengers, recruiters, and sources of inside information. While not discounting these roles, this article argues that journalist spies also collected a large amount of secret diplomatic and military information. Covering the years 1941 through 1946, this article also shows that the information collected by these spies evolved as World War II morphed into the Cold War.


There aremany synthetic, drug#likemoleculeswhose interactionswith large biomolecules couldbepartlydescribedbymoleculardynamicsstudies.Theparametersnecessary toperform anMDsimulationareavailableforbiomolecules(proteins,nucleicacids,lipids,carbohydrates) and for many other small chemical compounds with biological relevance. In case of uncharacterized molecules, parameter sets can be calculated using quantummechanical calculations. Theoptimizedgeometry,vanderWaals,charge,bond,angleand torsionparametersfor the photosystem II#inhibitorherbicide,atrazine,werecalculated and integrated intoaCHARMM# compatible parameter file. The file (.par) is available, along with the coordinates (.pdb), structure (.psf) and topology (.top), andwith this four type of data, atrazinemay be part of CHARMM#basedmoleculardynamicssimulations,therefore,itsinteractionswithbiomolecules canbestudied.


The share of household resources devoted to a child may depend on their gender, birth order, or relationship to the household head. However, it is challenging to determine whether parents favour certain children over others as consumption data are collected at the household level and goods are shared among family members. I develop a new methodology using the collective household framework to identify consumption inequality between different types of children. I apply this method to child fostering in Malawi. I find little evidence of inequality between foster and non-foster children.


A thermally stable thickener is formed of a stabilizing agent and a polyurethane dispersible in water. The stabilizing agent and a clay type smectite having a cation exchange capacity of at least 75 milliequivalents per 100g of clay, based on a 100% active clay. The polyurethane dispersible in water must have the property of forming an aqueous composition that exhibits Stormer viscosity drop after thermal aging.


The evolution of phenotype plasticity by genetic accommodation was theorized but has not been extensively demonstrated. Under this model of evolution when a population encounters a new environment there are widely variable responses amongst different genotypes, which are then pruned by selection into a single adaptive response. Because of the requirement to replicate genotypes, testing this predication requires inbred lines as well as populations that are both adapted and not adapted to a resource. We previously demonstrated that D. melanogaster adapted to ethanol through genetic accommodation using D. simulans as an ancestral proxy lineage. However, we wondered how generalizable these results were. Using a new population of D. melanogaster from France and an ancestral range population from Zambia we demonstrated here that the Zambian population is not adapted to ethanol and that the French population has evolved ethanol resistance through genetic accommodation. We also investigated alternative splicing in response to ethanol and find that gene expression and splicing appear to evolve independently of one another, and that the splicing response to ethanol is largely distinct between populations. Thus we have independently replicated evidence for evolution by genetic accommodation in D. melanogaster, suggesting that the evolution of plasticity may be an important contributor to the ability to exploit novel resources.


Teledyne Imaging Sensors (TIS) has developed a CMOS device known as the SIDECAR application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). This single chip provides all the functionality of FPA drive electronics to operate visible and infrared imaging detectors with a fully digital interface. A Teledyne 2K ×2K silicon PIN diode array hybridized to a Hawaii-2RG multiplexer, the Hybrid Visible Silicon Imager (HyViSI) was read out with the ESO standard IR detector controller IRACE, which delivers detector limited performance. We have tested the H2RG HyViSI detector with the TIS SIDECAR ASIC in 32 channel readout mode at cryogenic temperatures. The SIDECAR has been evaluated down to 105 Kelvin operating temperature and performance results have been compared to those obtained with external electronics. Furthermore ESO has developed its own interface card to replace the JADE USB card provided by Teledyne. The ASIC controller is now being embedded in the ESO standard VLT hard and software environment. This paper provides an update on the recent development of the new ESO ASIC interface card. We find that the SIDECAR ASIC provides performance equal to external electronics.


Cerebrovascular deposition of the amyloid b -protein (A b ) is a key pathologic lesion seen in patients with Alzheimer's disease and certain related disorders, including hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis of the Dutch type (HCHWA-D). The deposition of A b has pronounced deleterious effects on smooth muscle cells within the cerebral vessel wall. We have previously shown that A b 1–40 possessing the E22Q HCHWA-D muta - tion extensively assembles into fibrils on the surface of cultured human cerebrovascular smooth muscle (HCSM) cells. This cell-surface A b fibril formation induces a series of pathologic responses in cultured HCSM cells, including a marked increase in the levels of cell-associated amyloid b -protein precursor (A b PP) and cell death. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between HCSM cell-surface A b fibril formation and the striking increase in cell-associated A b PP. Time course studies showed that cell-surface HCHWA-D A b 1–40 fibril formation occurred rapidly, whereas both the increase in cell-associated A b PP and loss of cell viability were delayed responses. Domain analysis using site-specific antibodies indicated that the vast majority of the increase in cell-associated A b PP was secreted A b PP (sA b PP). Localization studies showed that the sA b PP was present on the HCSM cell surface. This result raised the possibility that sA b PP may bind back to HCSM cell-surface fibrils formed by HCHWA-D A b 1–40 . Indeed, binding of biotinylated sA b PP to fibrillar HCHWA-D A b


This paper presents the analysis of resolution bandwidth (RB) of data acquisition in the Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) and WDM Analyzer. Resolution bandwidth is the bandwidth of the IF filter, which determines the selectivity of the spectrum analyzer and the value of BR will affect the reading of data measurement. We introduced four values of BR in OSA and WDM analyzer and finally comparing the results. We observed significant difference from 1 to 6 dB according to the chosen BR values.


Field device for process and / or automation technology for determining and / or monitoring at least one chemical or physical process variable of a medium (8) in a container (7) comprising at least one electronic unit (11) and a sensor unit (6), wherein at least one component (9, 13) of the sensor unit (6) at least in a partial area (1) and is at least temporarily in contact with fluid, wherein at least the wetted portion (1) with a coating (2) is provided, and wbei the binding forces within the material from which the coating (2) is made, in a first plane (E1) is greater than in a second (E2) to the first (E1) orthogonal plane.


Due to internationalization, Qatar is hiring foreign educators and leaders to share expertise in their country. Filipinos are mostly hired as domestic helpers, yet there are also Filipino leaders in educational institutions that exist, particularly in the capital city Doha. The researchers find it significant to examine the experiences of Filipino teachers abroad, due to the rising number of educators and school leaders in Qatar. Romanowski et al. (2018) cited that there is a very few studies regarding principalship and diversity of educators notwithstanding the enormous knowledge of research that emphasize leadership in school and diversity of students. The study attempts to unfold the lived experiences of Filipino school managers in international schools in Doha, Qatar specifically with: 1) the experiences of Filipino school managers in terms of: (a) Planning; (b) Organizing; (c) Leading and (d) Controlling. 2) The challenges of being a school leader in international schools in Doha. Four (4) themes emerged from the study with subthemes that depicted the experiences and challenges of Filipino school leaders. Theme 1 explains the Filipino school leaders in complying with mandates and policies. Theme 2 discusses the Filipino school leaders in adapting with culture. Theme 3 defines the Filipino school leaders conforming with programs. Theme 4 depicts the Filipino school leaders in conforming with resources. The study is beneficial to the aspiring and current school leaders not only to Filipinos, but also to other nationalities interested in or are presently managing international schools in Doha.


In ancient riverbed areas, the hydro-geological conditions are extremely complex because of the cutting of ancient river channels during the sedimentary process. How to lower groundwater level in water-riched gravel-confined aquifer during deep excavation is vital for underground engineering. Groundwater flow patterns had to be understood during foundation pit dewatering. This paper presents a field case study conducted at the deep foundation pit of the Qianjiang Century City station on Hangzhou Metro Line 6, which is notable for its 52 m deep unclosed waterproof curtain. A total of 34 pumping wells were installed within the pit. During the tests, one well was subjected to a pumping well, while the others served as observation wells. The research included two sets of multi-depth pumping tests, which differed in terms of their filter lengths, aimed at investigating the flow pattern around pump wells and the roots of diaphragm walls. The study found that the use of longer filters, higher pump rates, and filters placed nearer to aquifer roofs enhances dewatering efficiency and minimizes impact on the surrounding geological environment. This paper introduces a novel concept known as the diaphragm wall–pumping well effect, which regulates the water head outside the pit and the subsidence, thereby optimizing the drawdown of the deep foundation pit with an unclosed waterproof curtain. The findings were applied in the foundation pit dewatering of Qianjiang Century City station, and the drawdown in and outside the pit was effectively controlled.


The economic environment and businesses, in particular, have evolved significantly over the past decade, becoming increasingly competitive and complex. Under these circumstances, companies have to meet a heavy burden: they need to continuously adapt their activity to dynamic market developments and develop sophisticated performance measurement instruments. Traditional methods used over time have proved to be inadequate to assess the complex activity of enterprises in these dynamic environments. In this context, by reviewing the literature in the field, I intend to analyze the present perspective on enterprise performance measurement. This paper aims to highlight the importance of a multidimensional view on enterprise performance, by showing that performance can be measured using both financial and non-financial indicators, in order to obtain a clear view on overall enterprise performance.


Methods of reducing beaver and deer damage to hardwood forest resources are reviewed. Beaver controls considered were poisons, chemosterilants, predators, and trapping. Population reduction through trap-, ping with 330 coni bear traps for two weeks during two successive years effectively eliminates beaver from small watersheds and shows greater promise for control than other techniques considered. Control measures for minimizing damage by deer include trapping, fences, chemicals, protective coverings, scare devices, repellents, and herd reduction. Deer damage has been reduced in certain instances by fences and physical barriers, but economic impracticalities limit them for widespread use. Herd reduction is the most practical control method for deer damage and is believed to be the best solution. Hunter harvest is the best method to accomplish herd reduction. Additional k~rds: white-tailed deer, damage control, hardwood, Castor canadensis, ocoileus virginianus.


ED FROM Savino F, Cordisco L, Tarasco V, et al. Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 in infantile colic: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatrics 2010;126:e526–33. Sources of funding BioGaia AB Stockholm, Sweden One of paediatrics' hoariest of old chestnuts, 'colic' was destined to meet the new universal panacea on the block at some point: probiotics now have several Cochrane paediatric reviews to their name. These include, among others, reports of their purported benefi ts in infective diarrhoea1 (insuffi cient evidence), eczema2 (no benefi t) and preventing preterm labour3 (insuffi cient evidence). This study appears robust and to have been conducted along standard randomised controlled trial lines. On face value, it worked well, with crying times in the intervention group being one half of those in the controls by 1 week of supplementation and one third by 3 weeks. In terms of mechanistic explanantion, the accompanying 'faecology' underpinned a number of hypothetical microbiological and immunological mechanisms but the study was insuffi ciently powered to test the association between coliform load and symptom severity. If you sense my reserve, let me explain. First, the infants ranged in age from 2 weeks to 4 months. This heterogeneity raises the possibility of a variety of causes for their crying. Unfortunately, the sample size is insuffi cient to allow a subanalysis by age strata. Second, all the babies were breast fed and as the microfl ora of formula fed infants is inherently different, the generalisability of the intervention comes into question. Third, the follow-up stopped at 3 weeks when the intervention period ended. We have no idea whether the purported benefi ts lasted beyond this time. Fourth, I wonder about the pragmatics of management. Many such babies in the UK, for better or worse, are 'labelled' as having gastro-oesophageal refl ux (GOR) or milk protein intolerance and treatment is started, often empirically. In this study, only one of 50 babies was excluded for GOR, suggesting that it is considered less readily in Italy than in the UK. What then are the implications for practice? Perhaps a week's trial of probiotics in a screaming baby whose parents report neither vomiting nor colitis or eczema is reasonable before venturing down the usual avenues? I don't pretend to know the answer. The only defi nite is that all babies slowly get better from 'whatever-it-is' that makes them cry (daily crying time halved in the control group over 3 weeks), so parents can be confi dently reassured that there is an end in sight. I'm prepared to believe that a proportion will become 'happier' faster with probiotics, although this study doesn't tell me which ones.


The purpose of this study is to find out the awareness among parents of disability students about enrollment drive in Inclusive Schools of Odisha. A sample of 100 parents from three district of Odisha were collected. The study was conducted by using descriptive survey method. An Awareness about Enrollment Drive Scale (AEDS) was used to collect data from parents. The result of the study indicated that the parents belongs to urban areas have more aware about enrollment drive than the rural areas parents. Further, the literate parents were more aware about enrollment drive as compare to their counterpart.


In light of escalating fuel prices and the ongoing climate change discussion, sustainability considerations are currently taking a more prominent role in material selection decisions for automotive applications. This paper presents a new methodology for total life-cycle cost analysis and employs a case study involving the use of aluminum in automotive applications. This study is aimed at developing a new sustainability model to quantify the total cost encountered over the entire life-cycle of a vehicle considering all four life-cycle stages: (1) pre-manufacturing, (2) manufacturing, (3) use and (4) post-use. Also, the paper presents a quantitative evaluation of the environmental impact of using aluminum material in a vehicle. The paper compares the use of aluminum with the traditional use of steel alloys in a given automotive application by providing details of economic and environmental performance of the vehicle over the total life-cycle.


A recent investigation in Portugal indicated the existence of many sanitation infrastructures located along rhe Portuguese coast (VALENTE et al. 1995). This situation requires a strong commitment from the central, regional and local aurhorities to fulfil Portuguese Jegislation (MINISTRY FOR THE ENVIRONMENT 1997, 1998) and European srandards (EEC 1991) on urban wastewater treatment. However, we believe that rhe overview here, though describing a situation rhat is far from desirable, does nor reflect the situation in the rest of rhe country, given the difficulties of obtaining reliable analytical data and the absence of efficient controls. The treatment and final disposal of wastewaters require not only the construction of sanit~tion ~acili ties, but also monitoring programs of thetr effictency and environmenral impacts. Compatibility between present and future uses of receiving waters and rhe objectives of rheir pro~ec tion and conservation, in a multiple use perspecnve, can be achieved only on the basis of good informatian. To provide that information, a program ~f investigation has been set u p at the wastewater stabtlisation ponds (furrher referred to as WSP) of Esmoriz to: 7. characterise rhe influenr an d effiuenr sewage an d evaluate performance, i.e. the proportion of different physico-chemical and biological constituenrs removed (BOD,, COD, TSS, nutrienrs, eh! a and bacterial organisms of public health inrerest); 8. investigare the impacrs of discharges on the receiving river, with specific attenrion to eutrophication risks and alterations of water qualiry.


We thank the Editor and Dale and Old1 for commissioning and writing an interesting commentary on our research on depersonalistion as a form of burnout in GPs.

Given that we received the biggest number of completed Maslach Inventories so far reported (564 GPs, with 42% depersonalised), we agree the findings merit serious attention. Their practical suggestions, such as making time for a weekly lunch …


The first paper of this section (Durand-Laserve) documents how increasing pressures on urban land and the 'commodification' of shelter and settlement has increased 'market evictions' of families holding intermediate tide to property, although international declarations and pressures have contributed to reducing 'forced evictions.' The second paper (Mooya and Cloete) uses the tools of the New Institutional Economics to analyze the argument in Hernando DeSoto's path-breaking book, The Mystery of Capital, that full legal tide is the key to turning 'dead capital' in the form of informal property held by many low-income families into an economic asset and to detonating broad-based economic growth. The paper concludes that intermediate forms of tenure can have the virtues of full legal tide if properly constructed, and then examines the case of Namibia in this context. The third paper (Fernandes) documents and assesses the recent efforts of the Brazilian federal Ministry of Cities to develop a comprehensive approach for regularizing title throughout that country. In the fourth paper, Abramo gives a structural and theoretical over-view of informal settlement in Brazil. The fifth paper (Rakodi) looks at traditional land delivery systems in five medium-sized Sub-Saharan African cities, and concludes that policies and programs can build on their strengths.


Supervisors on Teaching practice usually score students on Teaching Practice based on plan of the lesson, teaching aids, conduct of lesson, knowledge of subject matter, class management and teachers' personality. Numerous Researches are on these areas. Only few teaching practice endeavours and researches specifically, look into the methodologies applied by student teachers during teaching practice. This study therefore examines teaching practice and its ability in adopting teaching methodologies, exposure and experiences among students of Education during teaching practice. One Hundred and Fifty (150) studentteachers were selected through simple ram don sampling technique. Two instruments, Teachingpractice-exposure (TPE) and Adopting Teaching Methodologies (ATM) were used to collect data. The data collected were analysed using frequency counts and percentages. The findings reveal among others that there is significant relationship between Student-teachers' ability to use different teaching methods and exposure to teaching practice. Based on the findings, it is recommended that Government should intensify more efforts in the training of teachers in order to acquire higher qualification; and quality time should be set aside for Teaching Practice for effective teaching and learning in the classroom situation.


The structure of invariant regions and globally attracting regions is fundamental to understanding the dynamical properties of reaction network models. We describe an explicit construction of the minimal invariant regions and minimal globally attracting regions for dynamical systems consisting of two reversible reactions, where the rate constants are allowed to vary in time within a bounded interval.


Naturally (350) and artificially contaminated (10) minced meat and chicken samples (n = 360) were tested for Salmonella. We compared the method according to 35 German Food Law, modified semisolid Rappaport-Vassiliadis medium (MSRV) with and without novobiocin selective supplement. Both semisolid media were inoculated with three drops of the preenrichment, 0.1 ml each. The highest number (23) of salmonella-positive samples were detected by MSRV without novobiocin. This medium also showed the highest rate of uncertain results (8.1 %), but MSRV with novobiocin led to an only slightly lower percentage of uncertain results (7.5 %). MSRV with novobiocin caused two false negative results. Salmonella-free samples could be safely detected by MSRV within 40 h. Therefore, MSRV-medium without the addition of novobiocin can be recommended for the Salmonella-examination of minced and poultry meat.


The mean is often the most important statistic of a dataset as it provides a single point that summarizes the entire set. While the mean is readily defined and computed in Euclidean spaces, no commonly accepted solutions are currently available in more complicated spaces, such as spaces of tree-structured data. In this paper we study the notion of means, both generally in Gromov's CAT(0)-spaces (metric spaces of non-positive curvature), but also specifically in the space of tree-like shapes. We prove local existence and uniqueness of means in such spaces and discuss three different algorithms for computing means. We make an experimental evaluation of the three algorithms through experiments on three different sets of data with tree-like structure: a synthetic dataset, a leaf morphology dataset from images, and a set of human airway subtrees from medical CT scans. This experimental study provides great insight into the behavior of the different methods and how they relate to each other. More importantly, it also provides mathematically well-founded, tractable and robust "average trees". This statistic is of utmost importance due to the ever-presence of tree-like structures in human anatomy, e.g., airways and vascularization systems.


Customer Purchase Behavior (CPB) and the use of a model to predict it are of the most important commercial goals of manufacturing, service and other organizations and of the most important factors in the formation of work and profitability. Thus, this study examined the factors affecting this component - the effect of the role of commercial brands on CPB. For this purpose, 385 people connected with trading and customers in this area (valid brands customers) of Tehran were selected through convenient sampling and completed the questionnaires. The findings indicated that the manufacturer and the intended organization brand credibility is affected by the CPB and its components, including attitude, social norms and purchasing returns, and the firm's or organization reputation is a strong predictor of CPB. Thus, brand names and their credibility play a crucial role in CPB. Article visualizations:


This paper puts forward two revised approaches for estimating the real-time O-D flows in freeway corridors. The first approach is formulated in the form of parameter optimization (PO), with the objective function to minimize the absolute deviations between estimated and observed traffic counts. The second approach is formulated as a state-space model using Kalman filtering (KF), with O-D flow deviations as state vectors. These two models make full use of information from ramp traffic counts and mainline flow measurements, which are provided by traffic surveillance systems. The models also take into account the traffic delay by integrating the dynamic route travel time, which is estimated using a recursive method reported in this paper. A genetic algorithm is designed to solve the PO model, as well as an extended KF to solve the state-space model. The results of simulation examples indicate that the proposed approaches are rather promising for potential applications.


This paper through carding and criticism Manhanquanxi " works on the history of the birth in twentieth Century 80 time Manhanquanxi thermal background",explains " Manhanquanxi" Research on the history of China diet culture to the nearly thirty years since the chaos of offers to textual research,the research method of undocumented does not stand and continuous system,deepening,refresh and contrast analysis of historical documents,the research model. At the same time,but also to understand the historical process of the " Manhanquanxi" occurrence,development provides a clear line of the picture,but also provides a more effective help for readers to read the original.


CONTEXT
Non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NF-pNETs) are highly prevalent and constitute an important cause of mortality in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). Still, the optimal age to initiate screening for pNETs is under debate.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the age of occurrence of clinically relevant NF-pNETs in young MEN1 patients.

PATIENTS AND SETTING
Pancreatic imaging data of MEN1 patients were retrieved from the DutchMEN Study Group database.

DESIGN
Interval-censored survival methods were used to describe age-related penetrance, compare survival curves, and develop a parametric model for estimating the risk of having clinically relevant NF-pNET at various ages.

INTERVENTION(S)
Not applicable.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
The primary objective was to assess age at occurrence of clinically relevant NF-pNET (size ≥20 mm or rapid growth); secondary objectives were the age at occurrence of NF-pNET of any size and pNET-associated metastasized disease.

RESULTS
Five of 350 patients developed clinically relevant NF-pNETs before age 18, two of which subsequently developed lymph node metastases. No differences in clinically relevant NF-pNET-free survival were found for sex, timeframe, and type of MEN1 diagnosis or genotype. The estimated ages (median, 95% CI) at a 1%, 2.5% and 5% risk of having developed a clinically relevant tumour are 9.5 (6.5 - 12.7), 13.5 (10.2 - 16.9) and 17.8 years (14.3 - 21.4) respectively.

CONCLUSION
Analyses from this population-based cohort indicate that start of surveillance for NF-pNETs with pancreatic imaging at age 13-14 is justified. The psychological and medical burden of screening at a young age should be considered.


Wavelength-Routing (WR) networks are the most common solution for core networks. With the access segment moving from copper to Passive Optical Networks (PON), core networks will become one of the major culprits of Internet power consumption. However, WR networks offer some design flexibility which can be exploited to mitigate their energy requirements. One of the main steps which has to be faced in designing WR networks is the planning of the Logical Topology (LT) starting from the matrix of traffic requests. In this paper, we propose a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation to find power-wise optimal LTs. In addition, due to the complexity of the MILP approach we propose a greedy heuristic and a genetic algorithm (GA) ensuring performance close to the one achieved by the MILP formulation.


A general circuit model resembling a combline-type structure is developed using the concept of self and mutual node admittances rather than self and mutual capacitances per unit length. The merit of this approach lies in the relative simplicity of design formulas readily applicable to filters utilizing microstrip or stripline construction. It also offers easy adaptability to computer sided design. Equations are derived relating even-odd mode impedances and transmission line lengths to prototype elements and other design parameters.


A ATPG (automatic test pattern generation) system that can efficiently create a high-coverage test for extremely large scan designs is described. This system is formed by optimally combining a fast fault simulator with a powerful test generator. For the ISCAS85 and ISCAS89 circuits, this ATPG system created a test for all testable faults and identified all redundant faults without a single aborted fault. This represents the first time this has been achieved for the ISCAS89 designs, and the performance of this ATPG system is significantly better than published results. Performing ATPG for the largest ISCAS89 designs, which contained about 25000 gates, required only 3 min of CPU time on an Apollo DN3550 workstation. The data collected for the ISCAS designs showed that the ATPG CPU time increased linearly with gate count. This strongly suggests that ATPG can be efficiently performed for circuits of 100000 and even one million gates.<<ETX>>


This paper presents a new method for examining the productive nature of education. It outlines an econometric model which simultaneously estimates an earnings function and a production function for workers and the firms where they are employed. This approach permits a direct comparison to be made between the relative wage and relative productivity of workers with different levels of education. Using a unique data set from Ghana, three main questions are addressed: (1) Are educated workers more productive than workers with no formal education? (2) Do earning differentials between workers with different levels of education reflect genuine productivity differentials? (3) Does the level of firm technology affect the returns to schooling and the average productivity of workers? Broadly speaking, the results indicate that the answer to all three questions is "yes".


Arsenic is one of toxic metals can cause circulatory system and internal organ disturbance. The aim of these studies was to detect accumulation of arsenic acid after subchronic exposure, to describe histopathology alteration of the liver and brain and to evaluate blood profile for liver function in Sprague Dawley rats. Sixteen male rats were divided for 4 goups. Arsenic acid was orally and daily administrated with doses 0 mg/kg Body Weight (control); 2,5 mg/kg BW; 5,0 mg/kg BW and 10,0 mg/kg BW for 28 days. The blood samples were collected for analyzing the aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) enzymes. The samples of liver and brain were collected and analized using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. The results showed that evaluation of the liver enzymes demonstrated the significant elevation of AST and ALT levels of treated groups of rats as compare to controls. High values of inorganic arsenic were occurred in livers but lower concentration in brains with clearly histopathological lesions. Histopathological lesion of the liver indicated a mild to moderate infiltration of mononuclear cells in portal areas accompanied with degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes. Subchronic exposure of inorganic arsenic in rats was also made inflammatory cell infiltration in hippocampus with necrosis in area.


Research problem. The most pronounced activities of negative people are mostly manifested in politics, political parties, criminal environment, terrorism, ruling structures, on the streets, in institutions and even in power structures. The mass appearance of people with negative characteristics endangers the safety of individuals, social groups, institutions or people with different views, behavior and activities. The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of a negative personality and how they influence others, the characteristics of their behavior and values in the course of realizing their desires in achieving their own goals. Research methods and techniques. Survey, quantitative-qualitative method, analysis and synthesis were used as a method. 180 respondents living in Belgrade were asked to answer 6 standard questions. Results and discussion. In a study conducted by Turchynovych from the Faculty of Philosophy in Banja Luka, it was proven that negative people in politics and social institutions pose a threat to society as a whole, contribute to conflicts between people, nations and states and cause other misfortunes. According to Turchynovych's research, for Banja Luka respondents, Bosnians are scoundrels with undesirable traits, religious, nationalistic,talkative, backward and fanatical. For respondents in Sarajevo, Serbs are nationalists, aggressive, rhetorical, ruthless and cruel (Turchynovych, 2004). Conclusions. People with negative personality traits, or so-called scoundrels, threaten everyone around them, who are on the opposite side, and those who are their opponents, even those who do not support them and constantly condemn them. Today, conflicts, quarrels, threats and disruption of Pejanović, L., Stojanović, S., (2022). Negatives and their Properties and Consequences.Social Communications: Theory and Practice,Vol. 14(1), 238–251DOI: 10.51423/2524-0471-2022-14-1-3239eISSN 2522-9125 pISSN 252—0471https://new.comteka.com.ua/life are present in all countries of the world, and this is becoming a daily phenomenon, from which only the innocent ordinary citizens, the so-called positive ones, suffer. So, this problem of the modern world deserves consideration from several scientific angles. Our study is the first attempt to look at this from a policy and security perspective.Keywords: villains, negative traits, threats, conflicts, fraud, corruption, robbery.


Adaptive algorithms are obtained for the solution of separable optimization problems in multiclass M/GI/1 queues with Bernoulli feedback. Optimality of the algorithms is established by modifying and extending methods of stochastic approximation. These algorithms, can be used as a basis for designing policies for semi-separable and approximate lexicographic optimization problems and in the case of M/GI/1 queues without feedback, they also provide a simple policy for lexicographic optimization. The results obtained on stochastic approximation imply convergence of classical recursions such as Robbins-Monroe in cases where the conditional second moment of their increments is not finite.


Rice is a highly drought sensitive crop, and most semi-dwarf high yielding varieties suffer severe yield losses from reproductive stage drought stress in Chhattisgarh. In Chhattisgarh, rice variety swarna sub1, covers major area is the most popular high yielding variety in central India, however is susceptible to water stress (Drought), which is quietly frequently occurs in recent past leading to significant yield losses. We studied 10 yield contributing physiological traits under irrigated, and terminal stage drought (TSD) conditions in F2 and F3 progenies derived from the crossed of swarna sub1 (Drought susceptible) and IR 84984-83-15-159B (Drought tolerant). Genotypic study was done using peak primers/markers for targeted region on chromosome 12 to know the presence of qDTY 12.1 in swarna sub1 lines which were resistant to drought stress. The molecular marker analysis revealed that polymorphic markers RM511, RM1261, RM28130, RM7195 and RM28099 shows significant association with different yield contributing physiological traits. Out of these markers the marker RM511, RM1261 and RM28130 were significantly associated with grain yield under TSD condition. Statistical analysis for the PCV and GCV revealed that in both the conditions i.e. irrigated (control) and Terminal stage drought (TSD), the estimates of phenotypic co-efficient of variation (PCV) were higher than the corresponding estimates of genotypic co-efficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits/characters. Association of phenotypic and genotypic data revealed that line number 4, 21, 28, 32, 35, 36 and 37 were co-segregated with polymorphic markers and these lines were similar to the swarna sub1 morphologically with QTL 12.1 having drought tolerance. Art ic le History


An algorithm that can automatically identify actual situation of entity from 2D orthographic views according to the relations of chains are proposed.


Gasliquid flow in bubble columns is studied by taking dispersed bubbles and liquid as co-existing continua. The mathematical models of gas hold-up distribution and the liquid circulation are developed under the assumptions that the gas phase is non-Newtonian and there is no frictional force between gas and liquid phases. The calculated results are coincident with experimental data satisfactorily.


Machine learning (ML) algorithms have been widely used in various applications and fields. In order to make the ML model suitable for different problems, its super parameters must be adjusted. Choosing the best super parameter configuration for the ML model will directly affect the performance of the model. It is usually necessary to have a deep understanding of the ML algorithm and appropriate super parameter optimization technology. Hydraulic servo system is an automatic control system based on the theory of hydraulic transmission and automatic control. ML is the foundation of AI and an important branch of AI. There are many related algorithms, many of which involve mathematical problems, such as matrix analysis and probability statistics, which are difficult to understand. Therefore, this paper analyzes the problems existing in the actual teaching of this course, and puts forward improved teaching links, pays attention to basic mathematical theory, stimulates students' learning interest through cases, and encourages a new teaching and learning mode of online and offline interaction. It is famous for its excellent dynamic performance and has been widely used in industrial practice. PID controller is widely used in hydraulic servo system. In order to effectively find the optimal PID controller parameters of hydraulic servo system, a PID parameter optimization strategy based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed. Taking the PID parameter optimization of parallel electro-hydraulic servo platform as an example, this paper uses PSO algorithm to optimize the PID parameters, and the results show that this method has a good adjustment effect.


Ongoing uncertainties have existed regarding possible effects at low photon energies of two copper filters covering Element 1 of the Harshaw Type-8814 thermoluminescent dosimeter badge casing. To address these, Brookhaven National Laboratory's (BNL) Personnel Monitoring Group conducted a test in which Type-8814 badges with one copper filter covering Element 1 were irradiated at several low-energy levels side-by-side with the same number of badges with two copper filters covering Element 1. A review of exposures to personnel at Brookhaven Laboratory to possible low-energy photon flux was also conducted. From both the test and the review of exposures, it can be concluded that, for radiological work under the conditions at BNL, there is no apparent dosimetric difference if one or two copper filters cover Element 1 of the Type-8814 badge.


Fruticulture constitutes an important sector of the Brazilian agricultural industry. Despite technological and scientific advances, climate is still the most important variable defining crop productivity. Because of this, agroclimatic zoning should be one of the first factors to consider when starting to plant a particular crop. The objective of this work was to conduct climate risk zoning for guava ( Psidium guajava L.) in Parana river basin 3, Parana, Brazil, using meteorological data from 43 stations collected between 1976 and 2018. The climate risk analysis was based on the climatic factors that impact the species, such as rainfall, annual water deficit, average annual temperature, coldest month temperature, and risk of frost. The findings of this study suggest that the basin has areas with a low climate risk for guava cultivation. Precipitation and water balance were sufficient under all tested scenarios. The most limiting factor for production was frost, but with risk only present during the first years of cultivation. Despite this, planting restrictions were only predicted to occur in the far west portion of the basin. Agricultural techniques that reduce the risk of frost and avoiding areas with greater frost incidences are the two most important aspects to consider to ensure greater success for guava in the region.


Tissue engineering has been utilizing electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds as a platform for growing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Electrospinning allows for the fabrication of scaffolds with a controllable degree of fiber alignment. Previous work has established that variation in the degree of fiber alignment directly effects the shape of the cells seeded onto these scaffolds. This study explored the effect of scaffold fiber alignment, and hence cell shape, on MSC differentiation. Two groups were observed in this study—aligned and non-aligned scaffolds. The scaffolds were seeded with MSCs and grown in a chemically defined culture medium for ten days. The effect of alignment was inspected using fluorescent microscopy to visualize cell morphology, biochemical assays to measure DNA content and glycosaminoglycan production, and real time PCR to determine gene expression. It was hypothesized that aligned scaffolds, in which cells are elongated in shape, would result in an up regulation of collagen type I, a marker of fibrous tissue differentiation, while non-aligned scaffolds would induce an up regulation of collagen type II, a cartilaginous marker. The data supported the second part of our hypothesis, that collagen type II would be up regulated in non-aligned scaffolds. However, collagen type I was not different between the two scaffold types. Because collagen type I is not unique to fibrous tissues, more specific markers are currently being investigated, including tenomodulin and lysyl oxidase. In conclusion, scaffold disorganization promoted chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs when compared to highly aligned fibers. These results support the contention that cell shape plays an important role in the differentiation of MSCs along fibro-cartilagenous phenotypes.


We present a kinetic study of ground state silicon atoms, Si[3p2(3PJ)]. The silicon atoms were generated by the repetitive pulsed irradiation of SiCl4 and monitored photoelectrically in absorption by time-resolved attenuation of resonance radiation of the group of lines at λ= 251.6 nm (43PJâ†� 33P0,1,2), coupled with signal averaging. Absolute rate constants, including those obtained in the previous study concerned with the development of the method itself, are reported for the molecules H2, N2, O2, Cl2, CO, NO, CO2, N2O, CH4, CF4, C2H2, C2H4 and SiCl4. The results are compared and discussed, where appropriate, with analogous data for the adjacent group IV atoms, C(23PJ) and Ge(43PJ). The nature of the potential surfaces involved in reactions of Si(33PJ) are assumed to be described following symmetry arguments based on the weak spin orbit coupling approximation.


dt3 g (f (t)) = g' (f (t)) f"'(t) + 3g" (f (t)) f'(t) f"(t) + g"' (f f , (t))3 . (1.2) In spite of its appearance, (1.1) is rather simple when conceived of in the right way, as was recently pointed out in this MONTHLY by Harley Flanders [24]. A restatement in terms of set partitions can be proved easily in a few lines, as we shall see in Section 2, though it still requires a bit of work to pass from that form to the form in (1.1).


3 p. transcript of an interview with Edward Fox conducted by Alexis Simon, possibly in 1975. Tape number IH-183, transcript disc 37.


In November 2011, botanists on a remote island off Papua New Guinea discovered a new species of orchid—uniquely and mysteriously night-flowering [1]. New to science, and with so much more to understand, this flower is threatened by deforestation [2]. Also in November 2011, a survey of 583 conservation scientists reported a unanimous (99.5%) view that 'it is likely a serious loss of biological diversity is underway at a global extent' and that, for scientists, 'protection of biological diversity for its cultural and spiritual values and because of its usefulness to humans were low priorities, which suggests that many scientists do not fully support the utilitarian concept of ecosystem services' [3]. In terms of management, some scientists now advocate controversial conservation strategies such as triage (prioritization of species that provide unique or necessary functions to ecosystems) [4, 5]. Meanwhile, there are many scientists who contend that there is an urgent need to improve our understanding of the importance of biodiversity for human health and well-being, arguing that only an anthropocentric view of biodiversity within a paradigm 'ecosystem service' will enable decision-makers to prioritize the theme [6–9]. A 2011 UN report argues that this need for understanding is especially urgent in fragile and vulnerable ecosystems where communities depend directly on the resources of their environment [10]. Here we have a paradox: international conservation scientists think that we cannot protect biodiversity on the basis of its cultural and spiritual value, nor its usefulness to humans. Other scientists argue that using a utilitarian ecosystem services framework is the only way to get humans to protect biodiversity. Meanwhile, communities directly dependent on biodiverse ecosystems are often those who best understand and protect biodiversity, for exactly these reasons of use and spiritual connection, but they do not hold only a utilitarian view of their environment and its diversity. These communities often define their own 'health' as integrally linked to the 'health' of the ecosystem, and they see themselves as an integral part of the ecosystem [11]. It is generally accepted that the destruction of biodiverse ecosystems internationally is not by communities directly dependent on these ecosystems, but from processes such as deforestation, mining, resource extraction and biopiracy, generated by external human demand [12–16]. Rich countries and their populations are currently particularly responsible for the resource extraction that impacts negatively on biodiversity and on the well-being of local communities [17]. However, increasingly, urban populations in every country demand resources and products from biodiverse regions, and with rising urban populations this threat is likely to increase. To illustrate, we can take one example. Amazonia is one of Earth's most important biodiverse tropical moist forest ecosystems. As the Amazonian forest reaches the Andes it becomes a contiguous and equally vital ecosystem: the Yungas or Cloud Forest [18]. These two sister forests are amongst the most biodiverse ecosystems of the world, spanning several Latin American countries (including Brazil, Argentina, Peru, Bolivia, Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador), and over 7 million square kilometres [18, 19]. For millennia, across modern geopolitical boundaries, Amazonia/Yungas has been protected by over 1000 different indigenous peoples [20]. In turn, Amazonia/Yungas has provided health and spiritual well-being for indigenous peoples via food, medicines, home and culture [21]. Using a utilitarian view of the ecosystem, these forests also provide the world with some of its most important ecosystem services in terms of forest and food resources, current and potential new medicines, rainfall regulation and a global carbon sink [19, 22]. In terms of protection of these ecosystems, there is evidence that recognized 'indigenous territories' within Amazonia/Yungas are better protected, in terms of biodiversity and environmental damage, than other conservation units such as national or regional reserves [23, 24]. Yet deforestation, resource extraction and climate change threaten all parts of the Amazonia/Yungas [19, 25–28], and indigenous communities, amongst the most marginalized peoples in Latin America [29], are experiencing increasing threats to their territories, and their health and well-being [20]. Figures 1–3 show different aspects of the Andean Yungas and high mountain ecosystems of Argentina. The ecosystems are highly biodiverse. We are only beginning to understand the extent of their importance for human well-being, and these incredible forests are at risk from deforestation, mining and climate change. Figure 1. Rio Cochuna in Tucumán, Argentina, part of the vital and extensive river system of the Andean Yungas, home to amazing and underexplored biodiversity. By Carolyn Stephens. Figure 2. Argiope argentata—widespread and striking, this spider can eat twice her weight in insects and her venom is thought to have medicinal properties. By Carolyn Stephens. Figure 3. Humming birds may not seem to have a direct ecosystem service, but they, along with many insect species, are important pollinators of plants and trees which themselves may be directly important for human health. By Alfredo Gutierrez. It is notable that, recognizing their vital role in ecosystem understanding protection, indigenous peoples and local communities now play an important part in global policy processes, including the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) [30]. In 2011, the IUCN met with indigenous representatives and conservation organizations to discuss conservation priorities in the context of indigenous rights. IUCN agreed to review the implementation of resolutions related to indigenous peoples taken at the 4th World Conservation Congress (WCC4) in 2008, and to advance their implementation. These resolutions, along with the Durban Action Plan and the Programme of Work on Protected Areas of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), are often termed as the 'new conservation paradigm' [31]. Scientists, UN agencies, and indigenous and local communities agree that we have reached a critical time for biodiversity globally. But who will decide on the policies for protection of biodiversity? Triage may be on the agenda of pessimistic conservation scientists, but indigenous and local communities would rarely have such hubris as to assume that they have the wisdom to make triage decisions, and nor would many communities have the arrogance to think they have the right to intervene in this way in their complex ecosystems. While debates continue and biodiversity declines annually, there is a group of actors who will be crucial in decisions on our planet's future, including biodiversity and climate change. The world's population is now predominantly urban [32]. It is urban citizens who are driving the exploitation of the world's ecosystems and the model of unsustainable over-consumption [33]. It is highly likely that it is urban populations who will decide the fate of biodiversity and climate change, through their decisions about resource use and consumption [34, 35]. We demand a great deal of urban populations when we ask them to lead a sustainable future. The majority of urban citizens are trained, as are most scientists, to hold a utilitarian view of the environment. Perhaps this is the great hubris of recent human history—the assumptions of the anthropocentric view of the global ecosystem: seeing our planet only for its services or its threats, and viewing ourselves as somehow external to the integrity of the ecosystem. And our most profound arrogance is in the assumption that we understand the implications of our destruction of biodiversity for the well-being of future generations. There is much to be learnt from the indigenous and local communities who depend directly on, value spiritually, and fight for, their biodiverse ecosystems. And perhaps the most difficult thing to learn is the humility that these communities have—they do not assume that they know enough about the ecosystem to be able to decide which species the planet needs and which it does not. They do not hold a model that sees human beings as separate from their global ecosystem in all its complex biological and cultural diversity. They do not see themselves as owners of the planet, but as guardians of it for the future. 2012 will see a plethora of UN and government meetings devoted to the Rio +20 summit and its theme of a green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication. Biodiversity and climate change should be key concerns of this meeting. But it will not be global summits that protect biodiversity or reduce the emissions that produce climate change—and it will not be scientists arguing for and against the utilitarian concept of ecosystem services. The real decision-makers will be every human on the planet and their resource needs and their choices. We have some evidence of what the global population 'needs', in terms of food, water and shelter [36], but we do not know for sure what they will 'choose'. More worryingly, even if the global population chooses to change their view of the planet and their place in it, and to reduce resource consumption to sustainable levels, we do not know if we will be in time. ERL focus issue on biodiversity, human health and well-being ERL is contributing to Rio + 20 through a special issue devoted to the issues of biodiversity, human health and well-being. We particularly welcome papers from scientists and community groups working on biodiversity from the perspective of a broad understanding of health and well-being, including spiritual, cultural and intergenerational aspects; urban groups working on biodiversity and well-being; and the li


Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate chronic anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of the leaves of Clerodendrum viscosum (EELCV) by carrageenin induced paw oedema in Wistar albino rats. Study Design: Prospective. Place and Duration of Study: Dept of Pharmacology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Derlakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India. June 2010-August 2010. Methodology: Dried powdered leaves of Clerodendrum viscosum were subjected to Soxhlet extraction by using 90 % ethanol. Based on acute oral toxicity study according to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines no. 423, three doses of the test drug was selected (75, 150 & 300 mg/kg) for rats, and were subjected to screening for anti-inflammatory activity. Results: Oral administration of EELCV at doses of 150 mg/kg (P = .01) and 300mg/kg (P = .05) has shown significant anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenin induced paw oedema in Wistar albino rats compared to control. A significant inhibition of oedema Research Article British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 3(4): 579-586, 2013 580 formation was also observed at 4 hour. Conclusion: Administration of EELCV orally at the doses of 150 mg/kg (P = .01) and 300mg/kg (P = .05) showed significant anti-inflammatory activity by carrageenin induced paw oedema in Wistar Albino rats. The percentage inhibition of the oedema at 3 hour was 63.75 % for the dose of 150 mg/kg and 46.30 % for the dose of 300 mg/kg. A significant inhibition was also observed at 4 hour.


As per the great ancient Indian scripts over thousands of years back there are flying and levitating vehicles called as vimanas (e.g.: Pushpaka Vimana) with most efficient propulsion system (e.g.: mercury propulsion) and far more advanced than today's technology which are even capable of travel from one planet to another planet. But even now also no one knows about manufacturing those Indian ancient vimanas.


Objective To study the patch test reactions and the concordance of IQ chamber system(R) and TRUE Test(T).Methods Two different series patch test reagents were performed to detect 196 patients with chronic eczema and contact dermatitis,then the results were compared.Results The positive rates of every allergen were not completely the same,the most common allergens known from two series reagents were similar with the past reported of inland.The strength of allergic reaction of the same 16 allergens of two series reagents had good consistence and the positive rates of R and T were statistically insignificance.Conclusion This two different patch test series exhibited a high level of consistence,and doctors could choose suitable series according to the conditions of patients in clinic.


In his management of pregnancy, the obstetrician worries about the condition of the fetus and individual factors influence his judgment. Nevertheless it may be useful to have some basic rules about the choice of available tests (1). Our knowledge of reproductive physiology has been thoroughly tested by the use of these diagnostic tests and found to be satisfactory enough. A scheme of management must be rational but simple, it must be able to be carried out in less well-equipped hospitals, and it must take all pregnancies into account, not only the ones which, according to often arbitrary criteria, are considered "high risk pregnancies". Three different steps are provided for: outpatient screening, short term hospital check-up and long term hospital evaluation and treatment. The different parts of the scheme will be dealt with one by one.


Study on prediction of stock data based on feedforward neural network′s time series prediction. Establishing of prediction network model in multiplayer feedforward neural network′s time series prediction and the prediction design measures are discussed, based on BP network the stock data are forecasted. The precision of prediction is higher than the traditional methods. It shows that the method is receivable. BP network can be used to prediction of stock data and the precision of prediction is high. But in practice, how to select and establish appropriate neural network is needed experiment repeatedly.


In §§1–5 data on the decomposition of azomethane are presented and compared with those obtained by Ramsperger, with which they do not entirely agree. In §6 the possible effect of self‐heating of the reacting gas is considered. In §7 some modifications in the theory of unimolecular reactions, called for if only partial deactivation occurs at collision, are discussed and found not to be of importance. The theory is applied to the present data and the pressure dependence of the rate seems to fit the theory better than was the case with Ramsperger's data. In §8 the effect of helium is discussed. It activates azomethane, being 0.120 as effective as azomethane itself. In §9 the possibility of the azomethane decomposition being a chain reaction is considered. It is concluded that if it is a chain reaction the chain is very short and its length is independent of temperature and pressure over the range studied in this research.


An one-pot reaction was developed for the synthesis of homoallylhydrazides by treating aldehydes, aryl acylhydrazines and allyl bromide with tin powder at room temperature in tetrahydrofuran. The reaction proceeded smoothly without using any catalyst under mild conditions to give the corresponding products in high yields.


The fluoride anion has been shown to be one of the most effective catalysts in accelerating the polycondensation of alkoxide-derived silica gels. A detailed pore analysis study has been employed to investigate the effect of NaF on the pore structure of the resulting xerogels and its evolution during thermal heat treatment up to 800 °C. Addition of NaF to tetramethylorthosilicate-sols leads to an increase in average pore size, and the pore size distribution becomes narrower. By changing the fluoride concentration and the heating temperature, the surface properties of the xerogels can be tuned over a wide range. The possible application of the F^− anion catalyzed sol gel process to prepare porous host materials for the studies of fluids in restricted geometries is also discussed.


A composite material of La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ-BaCe0.54Zr0.36Y0.1O2.95 (LSC-BCZY) was prepared by mixing sol-gel derived LSC and BCZY powders in different weight percentage (wt%) ratio of LSC to BCZY (LSC:BCZY). The prepared composite powders were denoted as S1 (30:70), S2 (50:50) and S3 (70:30). The powders were characterized by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and porosity analyzer and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer. XRD analysis confirmed that all of the powders were not pure enough due to the presence of impurity phases such as barium carbonate (BaCO3) and strontium carbonate (SrCO3) and unknown phases. S1 powder has the highest amount of impurity phases (81.19 %) and the largest BET surface area (4.82 m2 g−1). All of the powders formed typical clump-like network structure as proven by SEM analysis. EDX analysis revealed that the elemental compositions of La, Sr and Zr were deviated from their nominal mole fractions in all powders due to the Zr-rich clusters formation. The results indicate that the formation of pure and homogenous LSC-BCZY composite powder prepared by solid state mixing method requires further modification and improvement of the preparation method.