Statistical language models using n-gram approach have been under the criticism of neglecting large-span syntactic-semantic information that influences the choice of the next word in a language. One of the approaches that helped recently is the use of latent semantic analysis to capture the semantic fabric of the document and enhance the n-gram model. Similarly there have been some approaches that used syntactic analysis to enhance the n-gram models. In this paper, we explain a framework called syntactically enhanced latent semantic analysis and its application in statistical language modeling. This approach augments each word with its syntactic descriptor in terms of the part-of-speech tag, phrase type or the supertag. We observe that given this syntactic knowledge, the model outperforms LSA based models significantly in terms of perplexity measure. We also present some observations on the effect of the knowledge of content or function word type in language modeling. This paper also poses the problem of better syntax prediction to achieve the benchmarks.


The Australasian Lymphoma Alliance recently published a consensus practice statement (henceforth referred to as 'ALA Statement') on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In this statement, a panel of experts in DLBCL made recommendations on the standard work-up and treatment of DLBCL in the Australian context including recommendations on the management of patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) DLBCL who are not eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) due to comorbidities. The ALA statement notes that the management of DLBCL in transplant-ineligible patients is often non-curative, with the exception of radiotherapy in the minority of patients where all sites of disease are encompassed in a single field. For the majority of transplant-ineligible patients with disseminated disease, the document states that there is no standard approach, and advocates early consideration for clinical trials. As the treatment site representatives for the National chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) Patient Prioritization Committee, a specialist group of physicians working in multi-disciplinary teams delivering CAR-T therapy in approved Australian hospitals, we note that CAR-T is an established standard of care in transplant-ineligible patients with R/R DLBCL who have failed at least two lines of therapy; this indication is additional to the established indication of R/R DLBCL following prior ASCT. Two CAR-T products are publicly funded in Australia for treatment of R/R DLBCL (tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel), and specialist treatment centres have been established in New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland and Western Australia accepting referrals from all states and territories. In nonrandomised studies of patients with R/R DLBCL who are not eligible for ASCT, or who have relapsed after ASCT, CD19-directed CAR-T are associated with overall response rates of 52–82%. Importantly, in this previously non-curative setting, CAR-T therapy has provided a new opportunity for cure, with 32–44% of patients remaining disease free at 18–36 months of follow up. These efficacy data led to the approval of CAR-T therapy for treatment of R/R DLBCL in multiple worldwide jurisdictions including Australia. More recently, CAR-T were tested in an earlier treatment setting as treatment of DLBCL refractory to or relapsing within 12 months of frontline chemoimmunotherapy; of the three phase 3 studies of CAR-T in this setting, two reported that CAR-T improved progression-free survival and overall survival compared with the previous standard of ASCT. In aggregate, these data support anti-CD19 CAR-T as being efficacious in the treatment of R/R DLBCL.


The present invention relates to a miniaturized optical component provided with a free jet device comprising one or more optical microstructures (21b, 22b) and one or more outer structures (23b) for light, and enabling components to be manufactured in one single step with no need for particular adjustment. For that purpose, the free jet device is located in a cavity (61) delimited by a single-piece element obtained by moulding, said element presenting on its inner surface (23b) turned to the cavity the optical microstructure (21b, 22b) and the connection structure (23b) for light. The component (60) can be a single-layer or multilayer component. According to the inventive method, a cast part is made which has, on its external face, layers complementary to the optical microstructure(s) and the connection structure for light of the optical component. The optical microstructures of the cast part can be metallized before moulding. A metal layer and/or a plastic layer is applied during the moulding process onto the cast part, from which it is later removed.


In anticipation of Government regulations on the emission of nitrogen oxides from industrial gas turbine engines, United Technologies Corporation has tested a burner for the FT4 engine which meets the proposed regulation of 75 PPMV NOx at 15 percent oxygen and 25 percent thermal efficiency. The design is based on predicted values of NOx as a function of flame temperature and verified the predictions. A two-phase combustion system is employed to provide the fuel-air ratio range required for engine operation without exceeding high flame temperature or lean flammability limits. A cast, finned construction is employed for durability and low cost. Current market economic considerations have required the program to be suspended.Copyright © 1980 by ASME


In this paper a modified silicone softener was used on the finishing of stain repellent stain release and wrinkle resistance fabrics. The concentrations of silicone softener, durable press resin CTA-705 and process conditions on the properties of treated fabrics were investigated. In analyzing the results, the fabric's softness rating, smoothness and wrinkle recovery angle (WRA) increased with the increase of softener concentration. The use of softener has little effect on the fabrics soil release and oil repellency. Wrinkle recovery angle increased remarkably and softness rating decreased steadily with the increase of CTA-705 concentration. Soil release, oil repellency and softness rating of the treated fabrics increased steadily when the cured temperature was raised from 140°C to 170°C.


Astronauts perform space teleoperation tasks with visual feedback from outside cameras. Individuals differ greatly in the ability to integrate camera views, understand the workspace, and ensure clearances between the robot arm and obstacles. We believe that these individual differences correlate with two known subcomponents of spatial intelligence: perspective-taking (PT) and spatial visualization (SV). A preliminary study [1] supports this hypothesis. We believe astronauts use PT (the ability to imagine an object from a different viewpoint) to integrate camera information into an environmentally-referenced frame defined by the arm control axes. In some cases, it may be easier to visualize the manipulation of the payload with respect to the robot arm itself, than to the environment. In that case, SV(i.e., the ability to mentally manipulate an object from an egocentric perspective) may be exploited. We measured the performance of 25 naive subjects who used hand-controllers to rotate and translate, and 3 environmentally-fixed camera views. These devices controlled a 2-boom, 6 degree-of-freedom virtually-simulated arm to perform pickup and docking subtasks. To challenge the subjects' spatial ability we introduced a wide separation between camera views for some tests, and misalignments between the translation control and the display reference frames. We used the Perspective-Taking Ability test (PTA) and the Purdue Spatial Visualizations Test: Visualization of Views (PSVT:V) to measure PT, and the Cube Comparisons test (CC) to assess SV. We concluded that PTA predicted performance on pickup and docking subtasks, but PSVT:V did not. CC scores correlated with those measures of performance that did not necessarily require PT. High perspective-taking scorers performed the pickup task significantly more efficiently than low, but not faster. In docking, however, they were both significantly faster and more accurate, collided less often, and docked more accurately. In both tasks they moved along only one axis at a time. High CC scorers docked significantly more accurately and rotated about fewer axes at any one time. Whenever we found a significant effect of PSVT:V on a dependent variable, we also found one for PTA; but not the reverse. We had expected higher PT scorers to perform better than others under the challenge of wider camera angles and greater control-display frame misalignments, but we could not demonstrate this. On average females were slower and had lower docking accuracy, an effect related, perhaps, to their lower spatial ability scores. This study of performance during the first two hours of teleoperation training may help define issues for future research. Thesis Supervisor: Charles M. Oman Title: Senior Lecturer


This article examines the practices of governance enacted within the framework of the international administration of Kosovo, which was established in 1999. I analyse the complex interplay between power and the liberal-democratic norms around which the UN-led mission defined its role in the province. The international administration exercised significant power in the legal/institutional reconstruction of the province, and in its systematic attempts to socialise Kosovars into accepting Western-based norms of liberal democracy as the only reasonable foundation of their polity. At the same time, however, the norms advocated by the international administration proved to be the source of a certain degree of power for the people of Kosovo. Specifically, those norms provided the framework within which Kosovars were able to criticise the international administration, and to claim the right to greater participation in decisions regarding the province. Over the past couple of years, Kosovo has witnessed the emergence of a shared normative framework within which the international administrators and Kosovar political elites articulate often competitive truth claims about the problems of the province, and mobilise different forms of power in support of those claims.


This article shows the rationale developing of the adaptive physical training of tourists preparing for classification sports trips in the arid zone. Extreme character of sports trips and travel in tourism is not the exceptional event. There is no type of tourism, which route would not meet emergencies related to overcoming of the natural obstacles, influence of climatic, biotic and other factors of tourist sport hikes that threaten the health and lives of sportsman. And the analysis of accidents in the active tourism indicates that more than 70% of all the tragedies with tourists in the environment occur for subjective reasons because of poor training either managers-trainers accompanying tourist groups on the route, and participants of hiking trips. This is due to not only negligence and unjustified self-assurance of sportsmen, but underdevelopment of scientific theoretical base in sports tourism.


Abstract : President Bush used his second inaugural speech to define an extensive new mission for American foreign policy based on promoting freedom around the world. On several occasions the president has stated "It is the policy of the United States," to seek and support the growth of democratic movements and institutions in every nation and culture with the ultimate goal of ending tyranny in the world. Throughout his presidency, President Bush has religiously argued that there is an inextricable link between freedom and peace, and between democracy and security. The policies he laid out on January 20, 2005, have become known as the Bush Doctrine. Since the onset of democratization in the mid-1970s, the world has seen a significant increase in the number of countries governed by democratic regimes, however, in the Arab-majority countries, the impact of this political revolution is limited. Nonetheless, opinion surveys show popular support for democracy in the Middle East is high. This project will provide a valid argument that the United States must continue to pursue democracy in the Middle East as a key component of the National Security Strategy of the United States of America beyond January 20, 2009 when President Bush leaves office.


von Hann, 1 on the basis of pathological material, suspected that a functional pars anterior of the hypophysis was essential for a deficiency in the antidiuretic principle to be evident in the form of d.i. This contention has been championed particularly by Richter 2 and Ingram and Fisher 3 on the basis of experimental material. The experiments reported below reinforce data already on record, 4 which demonstrate that a moderate d.i. can obtain in the total absence of the pars anterior. The water exchange was followed in 8 adult dogs for 6 months or longer after total hypophysectomy. Total hypophysectomy was made certain at operation by deliberate encroachment upon the ventral hypothalamus and cauterization of the base of the pituitary fossa. The dogs were maintained on a constant daily food intake, 50 g of baloration per kilo of body weight per day. Water was available to them 22 hours of each 24. The food given and water drunk was calculated for the duration of the experiments on the basis of the operation weight, which ranged from 6 to 10 kilo. Without exception, there was a decided increase in the water exchange following operation which persisted indefinitely (10 months). In some instances the increase was immediate with no subsequent tendency to a "latent period". In other instances the rise occurred progressively over a period of several days. Usually the polydipsia was maintained at a higher level during the immediate 2-3 weeks after operation than it was in the final stationary state (after 3 to 6 weeks). The magnitude of the polydipsia present in the final state varied among the animals from 150 to 350 cc per kilo per day, the mean being around 300 cc. The preoperative water intake was in the neighborhood of 50 cc per kilo per day. There was always a corresponding plyuria of like magnitude, the urine being sugarfree and of low specific gravity.


The Yellow River Delta is a typical and representative coastal wetland in China.As the Shengli Oil Field,which is the second largest oil field in China,locates in the region,the crude oil contamination has become a key reason which causes deterioration of coastal wetland ecological system in this area.A simulative study was conducted to explain the effects of different concentration of petroleum(0.5%、2.0%) contaminated wetland soils on growth of reed(Phragmites australis)and seepweed(Suaeda salsa) seedling in the greenhouse.The soil samples without oil pollution were collected in coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta of soils in May 2010.The soil oil pollution levels was controlled by three oil concentration(0%,0.5%,2.0%) in the simulative experiment in greenhouse,four replicates for each treatment.The crude oil in experiments collected from the Shengli Oil Field production wells.The typical representative plants of reed and seepweed in coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta were cultivated in the different soil treatments,respectively.The reed was planted with root with same buds and the seepweed seed was sowed(0.5 g per pot).During experiment period,the seedling height of both reed and seepweeed,tillering number of reed,leaf number and branch number of seepweed were recorded.The soluble protein content,Catalase activity(CAT) activities,peroxidase activity(POD) activities,malondialdehyde(MDA) content,Chlorophyll(Chl) content of seedling leaves were determined,then the ratio of chl-a/ chl-b was calculated.The results showed that,with increasing petroleum concentration,the inhibitory effects of petroleum for plant height of reed and seepweed were increased.The inhibitory effects of petroleum contamination on reed tillering number were weakened with time,while that functions on seepweed branch number were strengthened.With increasing oil concentration in soils,the soluble protein content in seedling leaves of seepweed was decline after increase,while the opposite regulars were observed for MDA content and POD activities,and the CAT activities was decreased obviously.Compared to seepweed seedling,the reed seedling appeared high oil contamination tolerance.The Chl content in reed seedling leaves shows a trend of increase after decline with time under different condition of oil contamination.In generally,the inhibitory effects of soil oil contamination for seepweed seedling were higher than that for reed seedling.It indicated that the reed was much more suitable for restoration of oil contaminated soil than seepweed.Our results suggested that both reed and seepweed with high salt-tolerance properties could be extensively applied in soil restoration of oil contamination regions in the coastal wetland of Yellow River Delta.


Abstract In the tropical eastern central Pacific Ocean, the annual cycle in sea surface temperature (SST), surface winds and pressure, and clouds are alternatively dominated by an antisymmetric (with respect to the equator) monsoonal mode in February and August and a quasi-symmetric equatorial-coastal mode in May and November, both having a period of one year. The monsoonal mode is forced by the differential insulation between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The surface wind variation of the monsoonal mode tends to lead SST variation in late spring/fall. The equatorial-coastal mode originates from atmosphere–ocean interaction. Its development is characterized by contemporaneous intensification and spatial expansion (westward and poleward phase propagation). The interaction between the forced monsoonal mode and the coupled equatorial-coastal mode plays a critical role in the annual cycle. From October to February, the decline of the southern winter regime of the monsoonal mode initiates and sustains...


ABSTRACT Patients with von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease harbor a germline mutation in the VHL gene leading to the development of several tumor types including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In addition, the VHL gene is inactivated in over 90% of sporadic ccRCC cases. 'Clear cell' tumors contain large, proliferating cells with 'clear cytoplasm', and a reduced number of cilia. VHL inactivation leads to the stabilization of hypoxia inducible factors 1a and 2a [HIF1a and HIF2a (HIF2a is also known as EPAS1)] with consequent up-regulation of specific target genes involved in cell proliferation, angiogenesis and erythropoiesis. A zebrafish model with a homozygous inactivation in the VHL gene (vhl−/−) recapitulates several aspects of the human disease, including development of highly vascular lesions in the brain and the retina and erythrocytosis. Here, we characterize for the first time the epithelial abnormalities present in the kidney of the vhl−/− zebrafish larvae as a first step in building a model of ccRCC in zebrafish. Our data show that the vhl−/− zebrafish kidney is characterized by an increased tubule diameter, disorganized cilia, the dramatic formation of cytoplasmic lipid vesicles, glycogen accumulation, aberrant cell proliferation and abnormal apoptosis. This phenotype of the vhl−/− pronephros is reminiscent of clear cell histology, indicating that the vhl−/− mutant zebrafish might serve as a model of early stage RCC. Treatment of vhl−/− zebrafish embryos with a small-molecule HIF2a inhibitor rescued the pronephric abnormalities, underscoring the value of the zebrafish model in drug discovery for treatment of VHL disease and ccRCC. Summary: Zebrafish with an inactivating mutation in the vhl gene can be used as a model of early stage clear cell renal cell carcinoma, with applications for genetic studies and drug screens.


In this study, a method is presented in order to calculate the relative efficiency of twocomponent decision making units (DMUs) under variable returns to scale (VRS). Numerous methods have been presented so far, but none of the guarantees obtaining the relative performance of decision-making units. Lack of calculation of relative efficiency causes basic problems in the analysis of DMUs such as lack of efficiency boundary production and we can thus mention the lack of presenting the pattern units for inefficient ones. One of the most-widely used and common presented methods to evaluate two-component DMUs will be modified so that it can calculate the performance of these units based on the relative efficiency under variable returns to scale. Calculating the relative efficiency of the components is also considered here in this study. Finally, an illustration is presented to expound and clarify the method.


The function of communication of multifunctional device for reactive compensation based on 80C196KC is introduced in this paper. The device has two serial asynchronous interfaces: RS-232C and RS-485. The hardware and software to realize the tasks are described in detail.


An in vivo, quantitative, non-destructive method of measuring bone mineral deposition in a repairing osseous defect has been developed. A circular osteotomy, used as a controlled fracture, was found to be extremely reproducible, and could be introduced with a minimum of trauma. The rate and magnitude of mineralization of the osteotomy was directly related to the attenuation of a highly collimated photon beam produced by Iodine-125. Changes in bone mineral content of 4% can be detected using this system.


Abstract Microscopic charcoal from varved Santa Barbara Basin sediments was used to reconstruct a 560-yr record (A.D. 1425 to 1985) of Santa Ana fires. Comparison of large (>3750 μm2) charcoal with documented fire records in the Santa Barbara Ranger District shows that high accumulations correspond to large fires (>20,000 ha) that occurred during Santa Ana conditions. The charcoal record reconstructed a minimum of 20 large fires in the Santa Barbara region during the study period. The average time between fires shows no distinct change across three different land use periods: the Chumash period, apparently characterized by frequent burning, the Spanish/Early American period with nominal fire control, and the 20th century with active fire suppression. Pollen data support the conclusion that the fire regime has not dramatically changed during the last 500 yr. Comparison of large charcoal particle accumulation rates and precipitation reconstructed from tree rings show a strong relationship between climate and fire history, with large fires consistently occurring at the end of wet periods and the beginning of droughts.


by the Health Revolutionary Unitary Movement, which is demanding a larger community share in the clinic's operations. Such is potentially the stuff of a real revolution in health care; and yet to this important "current" in American medicine neither Dr. Richmond nor Professors Kosa, Antonovsky and Zola devote a word. It is this current the issue of accountability, of self-determination in health care, of redefining the role of a physician so that he becomes an advocate of the community and of its right to good health that will occupy the "medical sociologist" of the seventies. And it is likely that the pattern observed in this area will closely parallel that which the sociologist of the last decade observed in medical economics: abuses will be


UNLABELLED
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PREMISE OF THE STUDY
Chloroplast development and structure are highly conserved in vascular plants, but the bizonoplast of Selaginella is a notable exception. In the shade plant S. erythropus, each dorsal epidermal cell contains one bizonoplast, while other cells have normal chloroplasts. Our quest was to (1) determine the origin of bizonoplasts, (2) explore developmental plasticity, and (3) correlate developmental changes with photosynthetic activity to provide insights unavailable in other green plants with more constrained development.•

METHODS
Bizonoplast development was studied in juvenile prostrate and older erect shoots of S. erythropus. Plastid plasticity was studied in plants cultivated under different light conditions. Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured and correlated with photosynthetic activity.•

KEY RESULTS
The bizonoplast originates from a proplastid, forming a distinctive upper zone rapidly after exposure to low light. In the prostrate shoots, the proplastid develops through early stages only. When the shoot becomes erect, the proplastid soon develops into a mature bizonoplast. Erect shoots have significantly higher photosynthetic efficiency than prostrate shoots. No bizonoplasts were found in the plants growing in high light, where 2-4 spheroidal chloroplasts formed, or with light from below.•

CONCLUSIONS
The upper zone develops above a normal-looking chloroplast structure to produce a bizonoplast. Bizonoplast developmental plasticity suggests that regular lamellar structure and monoplastidy are adaptations to deep shade environments. Such novel variation in S. erythropus is in stark contrast to known plastid development in other vascular plants, possibly reflecting retention of developmental flexibility in the basal clade, Lycophyta, to which it belongs.


This study was prepared by the secondary growth method the zeolite membrane Y and evaluate its use in the emulsion removal of oil / water. The prepared materials: zeolite Y, zeolite membrane alpha-alumina ceramic membrane and Y were characterized by the techniques of X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). powder pressing method for compression of alpha-alumina ceramic membrane and the secondary growth method for the preparation of zeolitic membranes Y/alpha-alumina was used. Through XRD analysis, it was observed that the method was effective in the synthesis of zeolite membrane. By spectrophotometric analysis it was possible to observe a significant reduction in oil concentration in the permeate for the Y zeolite membrane / alpha-alumina, thus showing that they have the potential for this application.


There is a need to study possible explanations for the increasing numbers of children being diagnosed as Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) within the past decade. The following is a qualitative examination of the perspectives and understandings about AD/HD which are held by individuals who are regularly involved in the process of identifying and/or treating children for this commonly accepted disorder. An examination of the data revealed incongruencies in participants' understanding of the etiology of AD/HD. I suggest that these incongruencies have the potentiality to contribute to the increased numbers of students identified as AD/HD while teachers seek solutions in their struggle to educate these children.


The ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights set up in 2009 signaled a path breaking achievement for human rights. It was the first of its kind, in the last region of the world to adopt a mechanism for human rights protection. However, with the ASEAN Human Rights Declaration of 2012 hopes of a robust and effective regional mechanism for the promotion and protection of human rights in Southeast Asia were essentially dashed. The perplexing question to which an increasing number of academics and scholars are asking is why establish a mechanism that only promotes and offers little or no human rights protection? This paper seeks to provide a theoretical framework for future research and analytical conceptualization of regional human rights and its attendant mechanisms in ASEAN. Beginning with a critique of mainstream theories realism and constructivism, this paper will move on to offer a blended version of regime analysis for studying AICHR. Hopefully this will provide clarity and a theoretical pathway for future substantive research on the absence of human rights protection in the newly established regional human rights mechanism.


The advantages of high-altitude ground-based cosmic ray stations have been discussed in many past reports and conferences. It is very satisfying to observe this renewed attention to the research potentials of the Chacaltaya Laboratory. Specific research opportunities are reviewed, and possible future scenarios are noted.


In this work a comparative study of the experiences of students and teachers in the use of Web CT is presented. This platform has been used in the educational design of a Computer Supported Collaborative Learning project on the Web. This study is an initial exploration of a more general work that tries to characterize software of support for this type of experiences. The first outcomes, based on the answers of both groups of users to specifically designed questionnaires, highlight the need to have technological designs more directed to the requirements of teachers and students. TOPICS +


The model of the managerial modern business enterprise set out by A D Chandler defines a specific organisational structure and specific techniques of corporate control which are presented as the most effective form of governance for large enterprise. It is generally accepted, however, that this form of governance remained largely unadopted by large UK enterprise before World War Two. This thesis offers an explanation based on the particular role and function of directors in UK firms.

Part One of the thesis examines the structure and control technique of large UK enterprise before World War One and the theory of the firm that underpinned them. It is shown that the favoured form of joint stock company structure, here called 'proprietorial', was the consequence of the perceived role of company directors as shareholders' representatives rather than managers of the business. Much flowed from this. The legitimation of directors powers through property rights impelled them to retain centralised control despite their customary part-time status. This restricted the growth of top management, fragmented management and business professions into narrow departmental structures and restricted the development of control techniques. Under these circumstances the development of firms of the Chandler type was unlikely.

Part Two of the thesis examines four case studies of large UK enterprise in the inter-war years: ICI, Unilever, the London Midland and Scottish Railway and Austin Motors. They have been selected because by sector, leadership or progressive repute they can be taken as representative of UK enterprises most likely to have evolved towards the Chandler model. It is shown, however, that the legacy of UK proprietorial governance was powerful enough to prevent all four case studies - and by implication all UK enterprise - establishing the Chandler structure before World War Two.


This study aimed to analyze the Effect of Work Motivation and Emotional Intelligence on teachers' Performance Mediated by the Organizational Commitment In Vocational High School in Texmaco Foundation of Science and Technology Development Center. This study is an explanatory research which is aimed at explaining the influence of variables of the research and test ing the hypoth y ses of the study formulated. In this stud y, the population is all Texmaco vocational high school teachers in the Texmaco Foundation of Science and Technology Development Center. ,while the sample used in this study is 129 people as the respondents by using proporsionate accidental sampling technique. The criteria of the respondent s are from the full-time and part-time teachers of Texmaco Vocational High School Semarang . The m easurement was done by using a Likert scale with seven (7) alternative answers. The t est instrument used in this study was the validity and reliability, normality test, multicollinearity and heteroscedasticity. While the test model used is the coefficient of determination and F test . In addition, th e hypothesis test used the regression analysis. Based on the results of the study it can be summarized as follows: the m otivation has the positive and significant impact to the Organizational Commitment, the Emotional Intelligence does not affect to the Organizational Commitment, the Work Motivation also has the positive and significant impact on the teacher performance, E motional intelligence does not affect the Teacher Performance, the Organizational Commitment affect s the Teacher Performance and it does not mediate the effect of motivation and emotional intelligence to the teachers performance. Keywords : Work Motivation, Emotional Intelligence, Organizational Commitment, teacher's performance


After being subjected to high temperatures,residual mechanical properties of fibre-toughened high performance concrete were investigated.Both residual strength and residual fracture energy were tested on concrete containing polypropylene fibre、steel fibre of hybrid fibre(polypropylene fibre and steel fibre).The results reveal that steel fibre and hybrid fibre,especially the former,could improve residual mechanical properties of concrete after exposure to high temperatures.The presence of polypropylene fibre had almost little effect on residual mechanical properties.


Adaptive responses to sepsis are necessary to prevent organ failure and death. Cellular signaling responses that limit cell death and structural damage allow a cell to withstand insult from sepsis to prevent irreversible organ dysfunction. One such protective pathway to reduce hepatocellular injury is the up‐regulation of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) signaling. HO‐1 is up‐regulated in the liver in response to multiple stressors, including sepsis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and has been shown to limit cell death. Another recently recognized rudimentary cellular response to injury is autophagy. The aim of these investigations was to test the hypothesis that HO‐1 protects against hepatocyte cell death in experimental sepsis in vivo or LPS in vitro via induction of autophagy. These data demonstrate that both HO‐1 and autophagy are up‐regulated in the liver after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in C57BL/6 mice or in primary mouse hepatocytes after treatment with LPS (100 ng/mL). CLP or LPS results in minimal hepatocyte cell death. Pharmacological inhibition of HO‐1 activity using tin protoporphyrin or knockdown of HO‐1 prevents the induction of autophagic signaling in these models and results in increased hepatocellular injury, apoptosis, and death. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy using 3‐methyladenine or small interfering RNA specific to VPS34, a class III phosphoinositide 3‐kinase that is an upstream regulator of autophagy, resulted in hepatocyte apoptosis in vivo or in vitro. LPS induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), in part, via HO‐dependent signaling. Moreover, inhibition of p38 MAPK prevented CLP‐ or LPS‐induced autophagy. Conclusion: Sepsis or LPS‐induced autophagy protects against hepatocellular death, in part via an HO‐1 p38 MAPK‐dependent signaling. Further investigations are needed to elucidate how autophagic signaling prevents apoptosis and cell death. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)


Hydrodynamic mix can significantly degrade thermonuclear burn rate in an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) target. Successful mitigation requires a detailed understanding of the physical mechanisms by which mix affects burn. Here we summarize the roles of three distinct plasma physics effects on burn rate. The first is the well-known effect of enhanced thermal energy loss from the hot spot and the mitigating role of self-generated or externally-applied magnetic field. The second is the fuel ion separation via inter-species ion diffusion driven by the powerful thermodynamic forces exacerbated by mix during the implosion process. The third is the fusion reactivity modification by fast ion transport in a mix-dominated ICF target, where hot plasma is intermingled with cold fuel.


Diode pumped alkali lasers attract growing attention during the past several years because they have demonstrated potential to compete and, possibly, replace the best existing high power laser systems. In spite of the fact that an optically pumped alkali (potassium) vapor laser was first proposed by A.L. Schawlow and C.H. Townes in 1958, the intensive research and development of alkali vapor started only in 2003, when really efficient lasing in Rb and Cs vapors was demonstrated. The interest to this research was stimulated by the possibility of using efficient diode lasers for optical pumping of the alkali gain medium that promises high overall efficiency of the device. A variety of experiments on alkali lasers, including the demonstration of efficient Rb, Cs and K vapor lasers, power scaling experiments with multiple diode laser pumping sources and experiments on diode pumped alkali vapor amplifiers were performed during the past several years. In this paper we present a review of the most important achievements in high power alkali lasers research and development, discuss some problems existing in this field and future perspectives in DPAL development.


Profound aesthetic features and human factors render poetry as excellent carrier of aesthetic education.The aesthetic strategies for poem appreciation are summarized through creation of beautiful circumstances,appreciation of poetic beauty,and distillation of beautiful life.


Using Gao's constitutive relation, the stress fieid has been analyzed near the notch tip and the crack tip of an incompressible rubber-like specimen under the condition of plane strain. The asymptotic equation of the notch tip field is solved numerically; the stress and strain singularities are calculated for various notch angles and different material constant values; the stress variation with the angle coordinate is also analyzed.


The invention embodiment provides a network control method and device; the device comprises the following steps: obtaining network resource information and operation information of each controller of a controller group, wherein the controller group comprises a subdomain controller and a parent controller, the subdomain controller finds and controls the subdomain, and the parent controller controls whole network according to the subdomain controller; determining a fault controller, deciding a reserve controller according to the network resource information and operation information of each controller in the controller group, forwarding the network resource information of the fault controller to the reserve controller, enabling the reserve controller to control the network controlled by the fault controller, thereby solving the network jamming problem caused by the performance of a SDN controller which is unable to reach the requirement when the network controlled by the SND controller in the prior is big.


With the deepening of neuroscience research, data mining of brain signals is becoming an emerging topic. Among various brain signals, electroencephalography (EEG) has attracted more and more attention due to its advantages of non-invasiveness, portability, and low cost. EEG modeling and analysis play a vital role in human healthcare. Although many machine learning algorithms have been successfully applied to data mining of EEG signals, few of them achieve a win-win in classification performance and interpretability. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian graph neural network named BayesEEGNet. Considering an electrical impulse between two nodes in the brain as a Poisson process, the countless electrical impulses generated by the brain in a period are represented as an infinite number of connection probability graphs. After coupling and transforming these probability graphs, we interpret the brain's electrical activity state as the brain's perceptual state. Benefiting from the joint optimization of Bayesian modules and deep neural networks, our model shows superior classification performance in sleep stage classification and emotion recognition tasks. Meanwhile, our model is able to learn interpretable functional connectivity relationships between EEG channels without any prior knowledge.


Historical materialism, as an important component of Marxism, contains very wealthy ecological ethic thought. The founders of Marxism always kept materialist conception of history as the fundamental principle, and regarded "the first historical activity" of humans—namely production practice activity, as the most direct, intimate and realistic intermediary between humans and the nature, humans and society as well as humans and themselves, based on which they demonstrated and elaborated the essential contact between humans and the nature, humans and society as well as humans and themselves in detail, which reflected very wealthy ecological ethic thought.


I am very pleased to report on a Research Topic of two primary Research Articles and two Reviews published here as part of our Research Topic focused on advances and ideas in connection with chromosome bi-orientation, tension, and the spindle-assembly checkpoint. In setting out to collect articles for this Research Topic our goal was to attract manuscripts that present a wide variety of views and explore novel or under-represented research areas and ideas that we think are of importance in the field. We were pleased to have had the opportunity to participate in the publishing of such good quality articles towards achieving this goal. Lee and Biggins reports on the discovery of a transcriptional regulatory network response after the loss of microtubule integrity—an area of critical importance, but one that we think is under-explored within the field. Notably, they have observed a Research Topic of genes that are downregulated in response to loss of microtubules within the Regulation of Ace2 Morphogenesis (RAM) pathway involved in, in part, the regulation of cytokinesis. Their article has established that proper regulation of mitotic transcriptional programs in response to a loss in microtubule integrality is a critical part of proper cell cycle progression. We look forward to future developments in this field of research especially in human cells and in the context of human diseases, and in connection with the application of anti-microtubule drugs targeting disease such as cancer. Britigan et al., is focused on reporting the consequences of the over expression of the core mitotic regulator protein kinase Aurora B, a common condition within cancer cells. With compelling experiments from several different biological systems and by investigating multiple substrates, the authors report the unexpected result that over expression of Aurora B leads to a decrease in target substrate phosphorylation levels and kinase activity. They establish the mechanism as the mis-localization of the kinase due to an imbalance in binding partner stoichiometry. This important report, which has already been cited since publication, has an impact regarding the pursuit and development of Aurora B kinase inhibitors targeting cancer and why pre-screening potential patients to enroll in clinical trials for Aurora B levels first may be critically important. OPEN ACCESS


Results from an experimental polarimetric investigation of 7 different types of land mines and 3 types of plants with the aim to explore the possibility in discriminating surface land mines from natural backgrounds are presented. The samples Mueller matrices at both specular and non-specular angles during 405 nm 1570 nm laser illumination were collected. Also included in this study is reflection spectra from the mines taken from 400 to 2500 nm as well as actual images of surface land mines hidden in a natural environment during different weather conditions. The mines had a reflection coefficient between 5-15 % with peak values around 510 nm due to the embedded green pigment. The mines were found to be less reflective in wet compared to dry conditions. The polarimetric study revealed that the samples had similar retardance and diattenuation values for small incident angles, but that discrimination between the samples could be made by monitoring the depolarization of the incident light for several incident angles, as a function of the angular distribution of scattered light. The land mines generally experience less depolarization than the investigated plants, specifically for specular angles around 1570 nm where the mines act as a non-depolarizing sample with depolarization index close to 1.0. The depolarization index is significantly smaller for specular angles from the plants, becoming 0.4 or below. Both plants and mines experience more depolarization for non-specular angles. A non-specular angular scan with a constant bi-static angle resulted in a Lorentzian shaped depolarization index curve, with characteristic differences in the fitted line-shape parameters. Remote laser based polarimetry might thus be a promising supplementary technique in recognizing surface mines or other related man-made objects from a natural background. Conclusively, the depolarization index as a function of angular distribution of scattered light along with its wavelength dependence is a metric that produce significant differences in the polarimetric signatures.


IntroductionThis article presents the work I did while a music therapy student at my first pracricum placement. During my third year of studies in the music therapy program at Capilano College, I was assigned to apply what I learned through classroom lectures and textbooks into practical use at a local long-term facility. I hdd 10 weekly, one-to-one music therapy sessions with a young client living with multiple sderosis (MS). O'Connor (2005, p. 117) says of the person living with the illness:MS has the potential to diminish your self-esteem, as you lose the sense of being a healthy person and begin to see yourself as an ill person who has to work at regaining good health and the positive self-image that goes with it.Songwriting is revealing itself as a primary modality in more and more of the music therapy literature (Baker & Wigram, 2005; Hatcher, in press; Smith, in press; Jones, (2006). Songwriting enabled this resident to share her thoughts, feelings, and stories through a means of expression that was both meaningful and accessible to her. Writing and singing original lyrics can provide a person with nontraditional opportunities for empowerment and catharsis like no other medium can (Macintosh, 2003). A song can "come from the deepest roots of our being... it is in a sense both a container and transformer of feelings, whereby new meanings may be forged" (Robarts, 2003, p. 142). Informed consent was obtained in order to share Bridget's story, whose name has been changed in this article to protect her anonymity.The SettingThe setting of this case study was a long-term care facility that provides support and housing for seniors. Bridget was in her thirties, differing considerably in age from the majority of the dderly residents. The facility is run under a philosophy that counters resident loneliness, boredom and helplessness, and offers music and art therapies as well as a variety of recreational and religious activities.The ClientBridget is a bright, witty and gregarious woman who was diagnosed with multiple sderosis in her early adolescence. Prior to institutionalization, she lived in several Canadian dties and held a variety of people-oriented jobs that were well suited to her outgoing personality. Always having an opinion and never hesitating to share it, Bridget is quite the conversationalist and carries a good sense of humour mixed with light touches of cynidsm. She was referred to music therapy because of her high affinity to music.She Was Hurt By a CowboyOn the afternoon of the second week of my practicum, I happened to see Bridget by herself in the hallway of the extended care unit. "Hi Bridget, would you like to do some music?" I asked. She cheerfully agreed without any hesitation. With my guitar strapped to my back, I helped transport Bridget to her room in her wheelchair. From having attended two morning group music therapy sessions in which she parridpated, I had already observed that Bridget identified herself as a songwriter. In both sessions, she spontaneously volunteered to sing a song that she had written when it was her turn to talk about her week during a discussion activity. At this point she had only written the lyrics for a verse and a chorus which she redted to me with a great sense of pride:She was young and scared, being played a foolKnowing what the cards read, knowing all the rulesA one night stand, "Thank you ma'am, it was good and I had funSee you around in a year or so, right now I'm on the run"Chorus:She was hurt by a cowboyA stranger she thought she lovedHe was there and then he left herRight now, he's on the runBridget spoke with great enthusiasm when answering my questions regarding her song. She explained that she had been working on it for many years and desired to complete it with her lyrics set to music I felt an instant connection with Bridget-perhaps it was her sense of humour or nonchalance that I identified with-and selected her to be my first ever one-to-one music therapy client. …


Using American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) classification as gold standards, we determined sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of having SLE denoted as the primary cause of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) in the US Renal Data System (USRDS).


This study aims to determine the effect of bacteriocin immersion originated from Streptococcus bovis isolate 9A as biopreservatif in beef in terms of Eber test. The study started from the preparation of culture of isolate 9A and continued with the production of rough bacteriocin, sample preparation and bacteriocin application as biopreservative. The results showed that soaking of meat in bacteriocin 5 minutes, 10 minutes and without bacteriocin that have a effect of based beef quality on Eber test. In this study it can be concluded that the immersion of meat by bacteriocin originated from Streptococcus bovis isolate 9A can be used as a biopreservatif..


Paenibacillus polymyxa bacteria strain as a surface modifier in a flotation process could remove 64.89% of MnO2 from high manganese iron ore. A concentrate containing 3.7% MnO2, 0.5% SiO2 and 71.30% Fe2O3, with a hematite recovery of 72.46% is produced from a feed containing 8.79% MnO2, 0.49% SiO2 and 67.90% Fe2O3. The bio-flotation results indicated that such type of bacteria is selective for upgrading El-Gedida iron ore from the Western Desert of Egypt. The role of Paenibacillus polymyxa on the surface properties of pyrolusite and hematite single minerals was investigated through zeta potential, FTIR and adsorption measurements.


One of the important resources in management is human resources. The importance of human resources can be felt in managing a company or organization. Regardless of the advancement of technology today, the human resource factor is still very much needed in playing a role for the success of an organization. The quality of human resources is an absolute requirement to start development. In the view of Islam everything must be done in an orderly and orderly manner and should not be carelessly. The role of human resources in this matter greatly determines the pace of a company/organization to run directed. Human resources are human potentials as a driving force for an organization to realize its existence. Islamic human resources require an education program that is entirely pure sharia and not contaminated with conventional elements. In essence, reliable human resources based on sharia must be placed on the foundation of spiritual awareness (servants of Allah) and rational (khalifah Allah). There is no contradiction between spiritual consciousness and rational consciousness in Islamic economics. As servants of Allah, humans become obedient creatures who always carry out Allah commands and stay away from His prohibitions, and as Allah's khalifah, humans become successful and successful creatures through the support of science.


Abstract : The mutagenic potential of chloroquine phosphate USP (WR1522) was assessed by using the Ames Salmonella/Mammalian Microsome Mutagenicity Assay. Tester strains TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, TA 1537 and TA 1538 were exposed to doses ranging from 1 mg/plate to .00032 mg/plate. It was determined that the tested substance did not have mutagenic potential. (Author)


There is an increasing need for all concerned parties to work shoulder-to-shoulder with faculty members in designing online courses. In this paper, we report on the behind the scenes of creating a high quality online course focusing on the symbiotic relationships between instructional designers and instructor as well as the stepby-step workflow. To better illustrate this symbiotic relationship among stakeholders, we provide a workflow model as well as related documents and materials we use to assist faculty members in the creation of their online courses. We also provide examples of different types of symbiotic relationships while pointing out the challenges we have faced when working with faculty members. We also share the lessons we learned and some best practices we summarized through collaborative knowledge building. Last, but not least, we also highlight some practical strategies faculty members can use when working independently on designing online courses.


Objective: To observe the effects of water extracts of Pericarpium Arecae on contraction of isolated circular muscle strips of gastric body in guinea pigs and to explore its possible mechanisms. Methods: The circular muscle strips of gastric body were suspended in tissue chambers with different concentrations of water extracts of Pericarpium Arecae which was added into the chamber gradually and the contraction of the muscle strips was recorded. Different kinds of antagonists were also added to the chamber to observe their antagonistic action of the Pericarpium Arecae. Results: Pericarpium Arecae increased the mean amplitude and frequency of the circular muscle strips' contraction as well as its tension in a dose-dependent manner. While, it is the 4-DAMP, not gallamine, that blocked the effect of Pericarpium Arecae on the mean amplitude partly. Conclusion: The Pericarpium Arecae can increase the mean amplitude of contraction of circular muscle strips of gastric body in guinea pigs, which is mediated partly not by cholinergic M2 receptor, but by M3 receptor.


I examine the effects of price transparency legislation on hospital financial performance. By exploiting the exogenous impact of the 2012 Massachusetts Cost Containment Law, I find that price transparency has a negative impact on operating and total margins in the short run. Although the effects are temporary, the magnitude of the impact is sizable enough to make the average hospital unprofitable, which could unintentionally harm healthcare access in rural and disadvantaged communities. I find a clear difference between short and long run effects of the law change, suggesting that hospitals respond to price transparency legislation. These results have implications for legislators when constructing and implementing price transparency rules in the future.


This study investigated the effect of snail extract on the growth parameters of old female rats (27 weeks). Rats were administered orally with snail extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, chondroitin sulfate 10 mg/kg and 0.9% saline (control) for 8 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) were significantly higher in rats exposed to snail extract for 8 weeks. MG-63 cells (human osteoblast-like cells) were treated with snail extract for 48 h. Their differentiation and proliferation was investigated with Western blot and morphological changes observed via immunofluorescence staining of β-catenin. Treatment with snail extract significantly increased the levels of growth factors including β-catenin and IGF-1. The snail extract affected osteoblast formation. Morphological changes in MG-63 cells were observed via immunofluorescence staining. Treatment with snail extract increased the expression of β-catenin in MG-63 cells. Results suggest that the treatment of MG-63 cells with snail extract increased the longitudinal growth and growth factor levels. Snail extract may be pharmacologically effective in osteo-genic differentiation in vitro and represents a potential therapeutic agent for bone formation.


Contradicting previous liberal notions of an "end of history," humanity is now facing unprecedented threats to our species' survival, but an environmental proletariat to combat them is emerging.


For decades researchers imagined that hydrogen bonding imposes a hexagonal, icelike arrangement on the first water molecules on a solid. Recent theory and experiments argue for a richer view.


Although misunderstandings as such have been extensively studied, the ways in which problems of understanding are avoided—especially in cross-cultural communication—have so far received limited attention. This article examines over 24 h of private conversation data from seven established, intercultural couples who use lingua franca English as their 'couple tongue'. Thorough conversation analysis reveals that these couples utilize a remarkably diverse range of strategies to pre-empt misunderstandings and to construct shared understanding, all the while enforcing their 'couplehood'. Misunderstandings are not very frequent, and when they do occur, they mainly seem to derive from the 'common ground fallacy', the expectation to achieve shared understanding from fewer cues. Compared with findings from less private English as a lingua franca (ELF) encounters, ELF couples resort to direct clarification requests more often but avoid imposing on the partner with word suggestions. They are also found to use innovative extralinguistic means such as pointing, showing, drawing, acting, deixis, and onomatopoeia. It is suggested that the stage of familiarity of speakers should be regarded as one key factor when examining language in interaction and understanding.


Due to its frequent occurrence in the electric vehicle (EV) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) applications, light-load efficiency of the dc–dc converter is critical. Different from the conventional boost converter, in this work, a novel composite converter is proposed and investigated to achieve significantly improved light-load efficiency. The proposed converter consists of a current-fed dual-half-bridge (CF-DHB) converter module and a boost converter module, which can be controlled and optimized independently. The interconnection of the two modules leads to advantages, such as lower voltage stress across the power device and a wide conversion ratio. In this article, a multi-variable efficiency optimization method is proposed utilizing the topology advantages of the proposed converter to address the light-load efficiency issue. Based on the loss model, the power sharing between the two converter modules and the switching frequency of the boost converter module are optimized at light load. A 30-kW silicon carbide (SiC)-based composite dc–dc converter prototype is built to validate the proposed multi-variable efficiency optimization method in the light-load operating conditions. Extensive experimental results are presented to demonstrate the noticeable efficiency improvement brought by the proposed method.


To the present invention, pigments and, optionally known additives, and a paper and / or board paper coating color composition comprising a binder substitute comprising a styrene-acrylate copolymer having an average particle size of less than about 100nm used in a coating composition It relates. In addition, the present invention relates to a paper or paper board coated with a coating color composition according to the present invention.


Purpose

This paper reviews autobiographical accounts of thought leadership in the marketing discipline and draws out pertinent insights for senior, mid-career and junior academics alike.

Design/methodology/approach

This narrative is based on a close reading of the pertinent material.

Findings

To be a pioneer in marketing takes considerable hard work, tenacity, serendipity, and a high tolerance for risk.

Originality/value

This manuscript can be used by junior scholars to legitimize the challenges they pose to more established colleagues. It helps contribute to the reversal of extant power relations in academic practice.


With the evolution of cancer care and chemotherapy agents over the last 15 years there has been an evident shift in care from the inpatient to the ambulatory setting. There is a growing need for cancer care, particularly in the ambulatory (outpatient) setting. Patients receiving chemotherapy in the outpatient setting return home immediately after completing treatment and do not have direct medical and nursing supervision to monitor for and address side effects or adverse reactions of treatment in a hospital inpatient setting. Nurse telephone follow-up post initial chemotherapy allows for assessment and timely management of potential side effects experienced after the administration of chemotherapy in the outpatient setting. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to develop a standardized nurse telephone follow-up procedure post initial chemotherapy. The author developed an electronic script guideline and documentation tool along with a process for conducting the nurse-initiated calls. The project design included an educational activity and a post evaluation of the telephone follow-up procedure. Fifteen biotherapy/chemotherapy nurses participated in a four week pilot. During the four week pilot period 14 out of 34 first time chemotherapy patients received telephone follow-up utilizing the script guidelines. Ten nurses (N=10, 67%) completed the post evaluation survey. Results indicated that overall the script guidelines for telephone follow-up post initial chemotherapy was well received by staff and utilized appropriately. Replication of this project should include examining the impact of telephone follow-up on patient satisfaction and outcomes. The APRN is essential in promoting evidence-based practice and bringing it into the daily practices of staff nurses to improve the quality of care for patients and their families.


I. INTRODUCTION In recent years, the emergence and growth of electronic trading platforms for securities and other financial instruments has spurred significant debate among financial market regulators. Rapid advances in technology have permitted innovative participants in the financial markets to offer traditional services in new and more efficient ways, including by permitting electronic order-matching and trade execution outside the confines of the physical trading floor of a stock exchange. These new trading platforms, commonly referred to as alternative trading systems (or ATSs), provide a wide variety and combination of services, including dissemination of bid and offer quotations, order routing, trade execution, and clearance and settlement services. (1) The electronic nature of alternative trading systems permits easy cross-border operation and access, particularly given advances in communications technology. Through online connections, proprietary software or terminals, subscribers may access and execute orders through ATSs, both domestically and in multiple foreign jurisdictions. Securities regulators have generally recognized that alternative trading systems can bring substantial benefits to markets and investors. The advanced technology utilized by alternative trading systems can serve to reduce transaction costs, both directly for system participants (by increasing the speed and ease of execution or by creating new liquidity pools for certain securities) and indirectly for the wider market (by exerting competitive pressures on existing exchanges and brokers). (2) By providing additional liquidity pools and enhanced order routing and execution opportunities, alternative trading systems also may reduce the cost and increase the likelihood of achieving best execution. In addition, ATSs also often provide trading and execution mechanisms not available from traditional exchanges, such as anonymous or after-hours trading. (3) Accordingly, they expand investors' options in choosing a trading forum that best suits their needs for particular transactions. While acknowledging the benefits that ATSs confer on the financial markets, securities regulators have also identified potential issues that the growth of these systems may raise under the existing framework for market regulation. In particular, regulators have focused on the extent to which alternative trading systems, by using technology and new business models to deliver services in an innovative manner, may blur the line between exchanges and more traditional market intermediaries like brokers and dealers. (4) By offering new combinations of services that do not fit neatly into existing definitional categories, ATSs pose a potential challenge to regulatory schemes that assume a clear delineation between exchanges and other market intermediaries, such as broker-dealers. In addition, these systems further erode the boundaries between domestic and foreign capital markets by providing cross-border access, which has heightened the interest of regulators in addressing the potential new issues that these systems may present. (5) To respond to these changes in the market environment, many jurisdictions have undertaken to modify their existing regulatory regimes explicitly to incorporate the regulation of alternative trading systems and to address the jurisdictional issues raised by their cross-border operation. (6) Given the global nature of capital markets, this reassessment typically has entailed an effort by each jurisdiction to consider the extent to which it should attempt to conform or harmonize its regulations with those of other jurisdictions. Key elements of this process have included the conscious adoption of regulations mirroring new approaches taken in other jurisdictions, (7) as well as an early focus on the need to coordinate supervision of trading systems and market participants that operate or invest on a cross-border basis. …


OBJECTIVES:This prospective, multicenter, single-arm study evaluated the safety and efficacy of the endoscopic implantation of Enteryx, a biocompatible, non-biodegradable liquid polymer for the treatment of GERD.METHODS:Eighty-five patients with heartburn symptoms responsive to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use were enrolled. Inclusion requirements were HRQL score ≤ 11 on PPI and ≥ 20 off PPI, and 24-hour PH probe with ≥ 5% total time at PH ≤ 4. Patients with a hiatus hernia > 3 cm, grade 3 or 4 esophagitis, or esophageal motility disorder were excluded. Using a 4-mm needle tipped catheter during standard endoscopy, implants were made in 3–4 quadrants deep into the wall of the cardia. Use of PPI medications, pH-metry, manometry, GERD symptoms, and patient quality of life were assessed over a 6-month follow-up period.RESULTS:At 6 months, PPI use was eliminated in 74% and reduced by > 50% in 10% of patients. The median HRQL score improved from 24.0 pre-implant (baseline off PPIs) to 4.0 at 6 months (p < 0.001). Mean total esophageal acid exposure time was 9.5% pretherapy and 6.7% at 6 months (p < 0.001). Mean LES length increased from 2.0 cm at baseline to 3.0 cm posttherapy (p = 0.003). There were no clinically serious adverse events. Transient mild-to-moderate chest pain commonly occurred after implantation.CONCLUSIONS:The endoscopic implantation of Enteryx is a safe and effective therapy for eliminating or decreasing the need for PPI medications, improving GERD symptoms and patient quality of life, and decreasing esophageal acid exposure among patients suffering from GERD.


In total, 179 predominant cultivars in recent 30 years and new breeder's lines from main ecological zones of China were examined by SDS PAGE and SCAR for the presence of 1BL/1RS. On average, 38% of Chinese wheats released since 1980 contained 1BL/1RS, however, its frequency differed in different ecological zones, which was 59% for Northern Winter Wheat Zone, 42% for Yellow Huai River Valley Winter Wheat Zone and 20% for both Middle and Low Valley of Yangtze River Winter Wheat Zone and Southwest Winter Wheat Zone. No 1BL/1RS cultivars were found in Northeast Spring Wheat Zone. The cultivars with high dough elasticity were generally not 1BL/1RS translocations. High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW GS) may have some complementary effects on the quality defects caused by 1BL/1RS. From breeding point of view, 1BL/1RS parents are generally not recommended in breeding for medium to high dough elasticity, or one of the parents at least should not be 1BL/1RS. Good combination of HMW GS should be presented when 1BL/RS parent is used. The quality defects of 1BL/1RS should also be considered in soft wheat breeding.


Combined with the projects general situation,it introduces the projects design technique and the innovation points.And through the analysis and research on the field situation of structure stress,it represents the design of foundation ditch and three-dimensional structure.The projects practice illustrating that it gets the good construction effects and can supply data and experience to the similar projects after.


Bile acid metabolism is integrally involved in cholesterol homeostasis in mamals because it is the major means by which cholesterol is eliminated from the body. We have undertaken an effort to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of bile acid metabolism by isolating and characterizing the cDNA and gene for an enzyme that hydroxylates lithocholic acid (LCA) at position 6~, lithocholic acid 6~-hydroxylase; the first bile acid-induced gene reported. LCA is a very hydrophobic , toxic bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholic acid in the gut lumen upon reduction of the 7a-hydroxy group by microbial enzymes. The proper elimination of LCA is essential for maintenance of the bile acid pool and for prevention of cholestasis which results from LCA precipitating in the cannaculi of the liver when its concentration is high. The LCA 6~-hydroxylase cDNA was isolated by differential hybridization of hamster liver librares prepared from animals fed either a cholic acid enriched diet or a cholestipol-rich chow and was named CYP3A10 based on its homology with other cytochrome P450s (P450) in family 3A. We found that CYP3AlO was essentially expressed only in males. A statistical analysis of RNA from young males fed with cholic acid and normal chow showed that the cholic acid induction was about 50% at the RNA level. We determined the biological nature of the protein encoded by CYP3AlO by expression of the cDNA in cas cells. Microsomes prepared from transfected cells were assayed with LCA as a substrate and found to hydroxylate LCA predominantly at position 6~. We examined whether CYP3A10 could hydroxylate other steroid compounds by assay with testosterone , progesterone and androstenedione and found that, although 6~hydroxylase (as well as others) activity was observed with all three, LCA was the preferred substrate based on kinetic analysis.


In Reply.— The fact that Mr Wilson's own careful reading of his book turned up only a half dozen or so brief references to students in 600 pages simply underscores my point that "we learn virtually nothing about the many students who trained at Minnesota." I suspect, for example, that there is more to the record of women and minorities at Minnesota than appears in the two sentences Mr Wilson devotes to the subject: "A great source of strength to the Minnesota medical school has been its openness to students of both sexes and all races. From the beginning Minnesota admitted women to the study of medicine, and it did not exclude any ethnic group" (page 565). Regarding the provincialism of his study, Mr Wilson has attacked a straw man. I wrote that "Wilson shies away from placing the Minnesota story either in historical or historiographical context. Except when discussing


The capture and utilization of CO 2 is aimed at conserving fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions by providing an alternative carbon feedstock and closing the carbon cycle. This paper combines chemical-looping combustion (CLC) and methane reforming with CO 2 to accomplish CO 2 capture and utilization and proposes a novel polygeneration system to produce syngas, electricity, chilled water for cooling, and hot water. In this cycle, CLC, assisted by solar thermal energy, is employed to drive turbines to produce electricity and to separate CO 2 after the recovery of waste heat from high temperature gas. The reaction in the reformer of separated CO 2 and methane is driven by solar thermal energy to produce syngas. A part of the produced syngas fuel is sent to CLC such that CLC and methane reforming are coupled in this polygeneration system. The thermodynamic performance of the polygeneration system, including the energy and exergy efficiencies, are analyzed and compared on the basis of design conditions. In addition, the energy utilization diagram (EUD) analysis reveals the mechanism for the improvement and enhancement of the system performance in the novel system. The results indicate that the energy and exergy efficiencies approach 71% and 56%, respectively. Meanwhile, the instantaneous solar share is approximately 46%, and the net solar-to-exergy efficiency approaches 25%. The maximum exergy destruction of the system occurred in the chemical reaction sub-system.


development— One of the most fundamental changes in global commercial policy set out by the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations was the commitment by all World Trade Organization (WTO) Members to adhere to the requirements of the Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). TRIPS defines minimum standards of protection for intellectual property rights (IPRs) and their enforcement. IPRs seek to balance the incentives necessary to encourage future innovations (such as the ability to recoup the costs and risks of development, and still earn a profit) against the desire to provide wide access to those products in a competitive market. Because the overwhelming majority of intellectual property—new inventions, proprietary commercial information, digital entertainment products, software, trade names, and the like—is created in the industrialized countries, TRIPS decidedly shifted the global rules of the game in favor of those countries. Nonetheless, TRIPS may lead to several long-run benefits for countries that take advantage of its standards in an appropriate and flexible manner, while complementing those standards with broader development and competition regimes.


Objective: The present study has attempted to assess relationship between self-discipline and study habits among Proficiency Certificate Level (PCL) female nursing students. Method: A descriptive study design was used. A total of 96 female nursing students from PCL 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd year were selected by non probability convenient sampling. The self-discipline scale by Tangey, Baumeister and Boone (2004) and Palsane and Sharma Study Habit Inventory (1989) were used for data collection. Subsequently, the data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics and interpreted in terms of objectives and hypothesis of the study. The level of significance was set at 0.05 levels. Results: PCL 3 rd year students had the highest mean score of 124.43 in self-discipline, whereas 1st year students had the lowest mean score of 103.38 in self-discipline. Similarly, PCL 3 rd year students had the highest mean score of 34.71 in study habits whereas 1 st year students had the lowest mean score of 25.59 in study habits. A significant difference was found the mean scores of self-discipline in young adults 119.82 and adolescents 109.47. On the basis of ethnicity; the mean score of selfdiscipline of Newar students was 114.07 which was lower than mean score 115.30 of Brahmin and Chhetri students. However, the difference was not significant. Also, the mean score 31.23 of study habit of Newar students was lower than Brahmin and Chhetri students 33 and the difference was not significant. Conclusion: A moderate positive relationship was found between self-discipline and study habits. The higher the scores in self-discipline, the higher the scores in study habits.


Nowadays, in the job market demand, graduates are expected not only to have higher performance in academic but they must also be excellent in soft skill. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) has a number of distinct advantages as a learning method as it can deliver graduates that will be highly prized by industry. This study attempts to determine the satisfaction level of engineering students on the PBL Approach and to evaluate their determinant factors. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to investigate how the factors of Good Teaching Scale, Clear Goals, Student Assessment and Levels of Workload affected the student satisfaction towards PBL approach.


Objective: In this study we aimed to compare photoselective vaporization (PVP) with the GreenLight 120-W Laser and monopolar transurethral resection as surgical treatments of prostates less than 80 cc in men with obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods: From February 2009 to March 2012 we allocated 101 patients with a prostate glands of less than 80 cc; patients were randomly assigned for surgical treatment with monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) (n = 62) or PVP (n = 39). Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM), maximum flow rate (Qmax) postmicturition residual (PMR), transrectal ultrasound volumes (TRUS), postvoid urine residual (PVR), complications, re-operations and hospitalization time were collected. The patients were seen in the follow up at 6, 12 and 24 months. Results: Median age was 69 (56–87) years old in the TURP group and 67 (51–87) years old in the PVP group. Mean preoperative prostate volume was 55 cc (40–72) and 60 cc (41–75) cc in the TURP group versus the PVP group. There was no statistically difference in subjectively (IPSS, SHIM) and objectively (Qmax-PMR) parameters and postoperatively complication rates between the two groups (p > 0.05). A significant difference was observed in the PVP group with a 2 (1–4) days hospital stay compared with 5 (3–9) days for the TURP group (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Prostate PVP and TURP are effective surgical treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Postoperative functional improvements were durable and equivalent in the two groups. The two techniques have a similar complication rate.


This paper presents a study of nonuniform cell partition for analyzing the response of nonlinear stochastic systems by using the generalized cell mapping GCM ) method. The necessity of nonuniform cell partition for nonlinear systems is discussed first. An ad hoc scheme is then presented for determining optimal cell sizes based on the statistical analysis of the GCM method. The proposed nonuniform cell partition provides a roughly uniform accuracy for the estimate of the one-step transition probability density function over a large region in the state space where the system varies significantly from being linear to being strongly nonlinear. The nonuniform cell partition is shown to lead to more accurate steady-state solutions and enhance the computational efficiency of the GCM method.


Humanoid robot hands are expected to replace human hands in the dexterous manipulation of objects. This paper presents a review of humanoid robot hand research and development. Humanoid hands are also applied to multifingered haptic interfaces, hand rehabilitation support systems, sEMG prosthetic hands, telepalpation systems, etc. The developed application systems in our group are briefly introduced.


Our biosphere is existing brimming with life. Out of which the class insecta is most gone after wide scope of creatures including the soonest referred to land animals spineless creatures reffered as millipedes. All through my whole examination work I just gathered millipedes from 2 of the 9 potential requests. This could be because of the way that the two requests I did gather are known to happen explicitly in the Maharashtra, while the other seven requests are known to happen in an increasingly wide and general zone, for example, basically being discovered 'around the world' or in the India. By a long shot the most widely recognized millipede request gathered was Polydesmia and three types of Spirostreptida were found at every one of the six areas I gathered at. This was especially astounding to me thinking about that the request Polydesmida has just a solitary family happening in the Amravati locale, Maharashtra, and Spirostreptida has two families. This might be brought about by better soil sythesis because of the numerous orange, teak plants, cotton plants and banana trees situated in the region of where the millipedes were gathered. The spoiling and rotting organic product lying on the ground could add to progressively supplement rich soil and pull in increasingly full scale arthropods like millipedes. Then again, the nearness of the diverse natural product trees could likewise be a pointer of better soil. During the current examination an endeavor has been made to consider the assortment of Millipede types of various locale of Amravati District brought to the research facility and kept up in the glass tarrerium. Recognizable proof of these species is done with their morphological and anatomical investigation, nature of gathered species. Development and support of terrarium and stages in the existence pattern of the normal millipede Anoplodesmus tanjoricus of the Amravati district.
Keywords: Millipedes, Detritivores, Diplosegment, Megadiverse, Repugnatorial glands, sexual dimorphism, Polydesmia, cosmotropic.


Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of an individualized cardiac rehabilitation education program on knowledge about coronary artery disease (CAD), compliance of sick role and vascular health status in patients with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: Quasi-experimental design-based nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was employed. Using convenience sampling, data were collected from 60 patients who underwent PCI at S Hospital in S City from September 2014 to February 2015. For examining the effects of an individualized cardiac rehabilitation education program, knowledge about CAD, compliance of sick role and vascular health status were measured. Results: The experimental group showed statistically significant differences in knowledge about CAD (t=24.21, p<.001), compliance with sick role (t=20.81, p<.001) and vascular health status (t=15.07, p<.001) compared to the control group. Conclusion: The individualized cardiac rehabilitation education program is effective in improving knowledge about CAD, compliance of sick role and vascular health status in patients who underwent PCI. Based on the findings of this study, nursing intervention programs focusing on individualized approach will be useful for patients undergoing PCI.


he present research examined the practicality, reliability, validity and norming of Cattell's Fluid Intelligence Scale (Scale 3, Form A). 435 gifted high school students (215 girls, 220 boys) in the academic year of 2010-2011 were selected by multistage random sampling method and completed Scale 3, Form A of Cattell Fluid Intelligence Scale (Cattell, 1978). Based on the correlation coefficient of each item with the overall score of the scale and factor analysis of the scale items, no item was omitted. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was estimated at 0.783. Results of principal component analysis and oblique rotation for determining construct validity led to the extraction of four factors: memory span, perception accuracy, perception speed and reasoning by induction. Findings were in accordance with the Cattell Fluid Intelligence Theory.


An air source heat pump using liquid injection technique, which can be applied for very low temperature climate, has been simulated to examine the design options. Comparison between the simulation and experiment has been carried out to validate the simulation method. Effects of various design parameters such as liquid injection rate and injection pressure are investigated to optimize the performance of the heat pump. Finally, optimal liquid injection rate and injection pressure to maintain sufficient heating capacity and moderate discharge refrigerant temperature are suggested when the heat pump was operated at very low outdoor temperature.


Polynomial spline in off step points is used to solve fifth order linear boundary value problems. Boundary formulas are developed. We compare our results with the results produced by B-spline method and Nonpolynomial spline method. However, it is observed that our approach produce better numerical solutions in the sense that max | i e | is a minimum.


The older scholars, whatever their other merits, were notoriously loose in their formulations. Quite often you will come across some such statement as this: '[Keats] early developed a theory about the combination and permutation of open and close vowels', and 'such interweaving of sounds Keats may have learned especially from Spenser and Milton'. That is from a book about Keats by the well-known Renaissance scholar, Douglas Bush, and it is the beginning of something, rather than a developed argument. Professor Bush's attitude, rather like that of the ancient ballad-makers, is 'If you want any more you may sing it yourself'. Well, we want some more, and we shall find it something of it in a really impressive book, which the late William Empson was never tired of commending and does not seem to have been mentioned in a bibliography for a long time. Perhaps younger critics have never even heard of the book in question: The True Voice of Feeling, by Herbert Read. The title comes from a letter written by Keats to John Hamilton Reynolds on 21 September 1819. Sir Herbert he was a left-wing anarchist who allowed himself to be dubbed a knight directs our attention to a footnote he found in the edition of Keats's letters edited by Maurice Buxton Forman, to the following effect. Keats's friend, Benjamin Bailey, informed the future Lord Houghton, one of Keats's early biographers, that one of Keats's favourite topics of conversation was the principle of melody in verse, which he believed to consist in the adroit management of open and close vowels: 'He had a theory that vowels could be as skilfully combined and interchanged as differing notes of music, and that all sense of monotony was to be avoided, except when expressive of a special purpose.' The process is fairly readily illustrated. Take, for example, the first stanza of the 'Ode to a Nightingale'.


Introduction:
 The need for therapeutic dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with cerebral aneurysms treated with flow-diverting stents increases the risk of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic complications. To balance these risks, we assessed patients for their responsiveness to dual antiplatelet therapy using a modified platelet aggregation study (PIPA). We hypothesized that double doses of clopidogrel or aspirin in patients with antiplatelet non-responsiveness would reduce the incidence of thromboembolic complications without increasing the incidence of hemorrhage or decreasing the rate of aneurysm occlusion.

 Methods:
 79 patients with 98 cerebral aneurysms were treated with the pipeline embolization device. All patients with a suboptimal PIPA received double doses of clopidogrel or aspirin prior to treatment. Aneurysm occlusion was categorized using the Roy-Raymond Occlusion Classification (RROC). Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used for univariate analyses, and logistic regression was used to identify potential predictors of complications and aneurysm occlusion.

 Results:
 Seven patients had a major complication and 7 had a minor complication (8.9%). There were 3 cerebral ischemic strokes (3.8%) and 5 cerebral hemorrhages (6.3%). Thirty-eight patients had angiographic follow-up at 6 months. Of these, 18 patients were resistant to clopidogrel or aspirin, and 19 received double dose therapy prior to treatment. Double dose clopidogrel or aspirin was not associated with major, minor, cerebral ischemic or hemorrhagic complications. Twenty-one patients (55.3%) had complete occlusion of their aneurysms (RROC type 1), and 17 patients were categorized as RROC type 2 or 3 at 6 months. Treatment with double dose clopidogrel or aspirin was not associated with reduced occlusion (RROC type 2 or 3) in a univariate and multivariate analysis.

 Conclusions:
 In patients treated with flow-diverting stents, the risk of ischemia must be balanced with the risk of hemorrhage. We found that the use of double dose clopidogrel and aspirin in the setting of antiplatelet non-responsiveness is safe. It is not associated with increased hemorrhagic complications. Patients treated with double dose therapy did not exhibit a reduced aneurysm occlusion rate.


The utility model relates to a corrective apparatus for curved legs, which comprises an air bag, the air-filled bag of the air bag and an air release valve. The utility model is characterized in that the corrective apparatus is also provided with two arc-shaped clamping plates, the arc concave inside of one arc-shaped clamping plate is fixedly provided with a flexible shim plate, the arc concave inside of the other arc-shaped clamping plate is at least provided with two elastic bands, the middle parts of the elastic bands are connected with the flexible shim plate, and both ends of the elastic bands are fixed to both sides of the arc-shaped clamping plates. The air bag with the air-filled bag and the air release valve is arranged between the elastic bands and the arc-shaped clamping plates, the arc concave of the two arc-shaped clamping plates are opposite to each other, and both sides of the arc-shaped clamping plates are also respectively connected with at least one rigid mesh belt with a nylon hasp. The corrective apparatus can correct O-shaped and X-shaped legs, the patients can operate the corrective apparatus on their own, the strength can be controlled by feelings, and the corrective effect can be good.


Gamma-ray emission from blazars provides us with important diagnostics on the size and beaming factor of the emitting region as well as the energy densities of magnetic field, relativistic electrons and various radiation components. Through a simple analysis of multiwavelength observations, I argue that relativistic jets are kinetic power dominated and are composed mainly of electron-positron pairs and that particle acceleration in shock waves conforms very well with observations. I also discuss implications on the formation and bulk acceleration of relativistic jets.


Inflammation is one of the main causes of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after ablation. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key periodontal pathogen in the oral–systemic disease connection and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers against P. gingivalis reflect the clinical status of periodontitis. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between late recurrence of AF after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) and serum IgG antibody titers against P. gingivalis.


This paper describes a constant on/off-time digita l pulse width modulation for synchronous buck DC-DC converter to reduce the switching frequency and swi tching losses. Compared to constant frequency modul ation, constant on-time modulation control or constant off -time modulation control can achieve fine time reso luti n with small circuits. However, the switching frequency increase s dramatically for the constant on/off-time modulat ion method under heavy/light load conditions, respectively. By using this control technique, under light load condition , constant on-time modulation control is used while constant off-time odulation control is adapted under heavy load cond iti . It eliminates the need of high performance controller and switchi ng frequency can be limited to a certain range. Thi s control technique is verified through simulation and successfully imp lemented the control strategy in real-time by emplo ying a dSPACE controller 1104.


Preterm children are at risk of developing increased blood pressure (BP). We evaluated possible associations between BP, early insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and IGF‐binding protein‐1 (IGFBP‐1) levels and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm children.


This paper presents a current sensor circuit which can be built into a CMOS logic circuit to perform a self test for leakage current. The distinct features of the current sensor circuitry are described in detail. The circuit is verified by using the SPICE2 simulator.<<ETX>>


Although the arguments put forward in support of producer co-operatives span many levels—from the advantages for the national economy to the benefits for individuals—much of the promotion of co-operatives emphasizes the supposed advantages of cooperative working at the individual and organizational levels. It is argued that working in a co-operative can be more satisfying than working in a traditional business, and that the greater commitment sometimes found amongst the membership of cooperatives may enhance their performance relative to comparable traditional businesses. The evidence from studies into attitudes in co-operatives indicates that the picture is less clear cut than this; some people appear to find the experience of co-operative working a satisfying one, some perceive it to be virtually indistinguishable from working in a traditional business, others become cynical and disillusioned. This paper examines responses to co-operative working in terms of the commitment and satisfaction among the members of a large well established co-operative. The role of different work values in determining commitment and satisfaction is explored, and the implications of the findings for the promotion of co-operatives discussed.


This book describes transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP), which is a variant of psychodynamic interventions centering on the analysis of the transference. The authors describe TFP principles and measures and provide clear guidelines on how to apply them to individual patients. The book has a rating therapy contract scale, which could form the basis for research within the Ž eld. TFP is relevant for a large group of axis-2, cluster-B patients (that is, antisocial, narcissistic, histrionic, and borderline personality disorders and those called personality disorder NOS (not otherwise speciŽ ed), who have borderline personality organization (BPO)). The book is an outgrowth of clinical research in BPO. The Ž rst book by Kernberg, Selzer, Koenigsberg, Carr, and Applebaum was translated to Danish and has been widely used. In the second book, by Yeomans, Selzer, and Clarkin, the contract phase was emphasized. Concurrent psychoanalyti c training provides in-depth self-knowledge and clinical experience, likely to enhance skill, but it is not a prerequisite. The treatment has to gear, to address primitive defense mechanisms, the underlying Ž xed primitive internalized object relations, and the integration of split-off conceptions of self, and signiŽ cant others must be integrated into mature and  exible conceptions. These goals are accomplished by three treatment strategies: 1) Delineation of the patients, dominant object relationship paradigms as manifest in the transference relationship between the therapist and the patient. 2) Analysis of role reversions by the patient—for example, unconsciously alternating between victim and victimizer stages; and 3) Integration of positive and negative views of self and signiŽ cant others. The book is organized into three sections. The Ž rst is an introduction to a psychodynamic theory on the severe personality disorders; the second, on psychodynamic treatment; and the third, a rational application to these patients. The book combines categorical and dimensional assessment. The authors are aware of supportive aspects of their treatment, such as the secure frame. The therapy addresses the more superŽ cial symptoms not as an end in itself but as necessary to keep these behaviors from interfering with addressing the deeper level of psychic structure. The book is intended for the many therapists who work with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and, more broadly, those with BPO, and it is written for a broad range of mental health professionals, including social workers and psychiatric nurse practitioners who are interested in psychodynamic psychotherapy. Slavish adherence to the book descriptions would probably result in a rigid, stultifying interaction between patient and therapist. Talented therapists will use this book in their own individual ways. The book is warmly recommended.


This study discussed evidence, cause, and policy responses of low-fertility in Korea. It focused on social and economic causes, such as the change of social value of marriage and childbirth, the increase of females' labor force participation, and the increase of expenditures on children. Also, this study compared one-child households' economic structures between those who determined not to have more children and those who have a birth plan. It examined the demographic characteristics and economic variables such as income, consumption expenditures, assets, debt, and a subjective evaluation of future economic status. The findings of the empirical study are as follows: First, low-fertility households were older, had higher income, and had more educated, employed wives. Their marital duration was longer, and their child was older than those of birth-planned households. Second, low-fertility households had higher consumption expenditures than did birth-planned households. Also, low-fertility households spent more than did birth-planned households. on a child. However, low-fertility households had significantly more debt than did their counterparts. and their expectation level of future economic status were lower than that of birth-planned households. Third, income elasticity of expenditure on a child was significantly higher for low-fertility households than their counterparts.