Abstract : The requirements and design criteria for the development of an architectural and engineering (A and E) design are presented for a Chemical Laser Test Facility at Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico. The scope of the A and E design project is limited to the site preparation, buildings, real property installed equipment and utilities. A Work Breakdown Structure is presented for each major element of the facility. This document is Volume I of a three-volume final report covering the overall study conducted for the Air Force Weapons Laboratory to define the total cost and to specify design criteria for a Chemical Laser Test Facility.. The design requirements for the Laser Test System are presented in Volume II and the cost analysis for the site development and the test system is presented in Volume II. (Author)


Outline of an interview with Roy Long, a longtime resident of Baytown after moving in 1929 from Houston, Texas. This outline states what topics Long covered at certain times on the tape, from side 1 to side 2; Long covers his employment at the Humble Refinery, being a Goose Creek Policeman, law offices, etc.


The titanocene compound [η5-C5H5-(η5-C5H4CMe2C6H4Me)TiMe2] (1) was prepared from the titanocene dichloride precursor [η5-C5H5-(η5-C5H4CMe2C6H4Me)TiCl2] (1a). The solid-state structures of 1a and 1 were determined and are similar to other titanocene compounds. The reaction of compound 1 with B(C6F5)3 in CD2Cl2 was monitored by NMR spectroscopy. At −60 °C the expected cationic compound [η5-C5H5(η5:η1-C5H4CMe2C6H4Me)TiMe]+ (2) with a coordinated tolyl group was observed. Warming the samples to −50 °C leads to evolution of methane, indicating C−H bond activation of the coordinated tolyl moiety. The so-formed titanacycles form with the anion [MeB(C6F5)3]− the inner sphere ion pair (ISIP) [η5-C5H5-(η5:σ1-C5H4CMe2C6H3Me)Ti-μ-MeB(C6F5)3] (3) and is in exchange with an outer sphere ion pair η5-C5H5-(η5:σ1-C5H4CMe2C6H3Me)Ti]+[MeB(C6F5)3]− (4), with the free coordination site probably occupied by a solvent molecule. The structure of 4 could not be determined unambiguously. The homoleptic bimetallic compound [{η5-C5H...


We consider a nucleating center consisting of both an insoluble core and soluble species and develop the thermodynamics of isothermal formation of a droplet on such a nucleus in a multicomponent vapor mixture. Two different approaches to the derivation of the free energy of droplet formation within the framework of the capillarity approximation are considered. If condensation is not barrierless, the free energy of formation describes a multidimensional free-energy surface having a "well" point and a "saddle" point. It is shown that in a strict theory, taking account of surface enrichment effects, the compositions of droplets corresponding to these two points are equal and can be found without knowing the surface tension of the droplet. For the case of no surfactants in the droplet, we extend the Kuni method of investigating the behavior of the free energy of droplet formation to the case of heterogeneous multicomponent condensation on mixed nuclei, which makes it possible to find out all the main features...


Ensuring high-quality human capital/resources in the Fourth Industrial Revolution based on Digital Technologies requires a commitment to, and implementation of, firm personal, institutional and governmental foundations in education and training. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( ̳OECD') suggests that for each year of extra education, as a population, a 9 % increase in GDP per capita follows.* Unfortunately, associated with the digital age and the promises of ―a better tomorrow‖ advanced by the Industrial Revolution 4.0, a cancer has emerged and is growing rapidly throughout educational institutions worldwide. That cancer is plagiarism and is capable of eliminating substantially all of the recent GDP growth if left unchecked. Plagiarism, the practice of taking someone else's work, language, thoughts or ideas and passing them off as one's own, runs rampant in the digital age of the Internet – a ―cut-and-paste‖ society. Studies indicate that nearly half of all university undergraduates have paraphrased and/or copied information from the Internet without attribution, citing the original source. Plagiarism is theft – theft of the Intellectual Property (IP) of another. Globalization in the digital age ushered in the adoption of various global norms for the treatment of IP, including works embodying language, thoughts and ideas. An examination of the legal ramifications of plagiarism, as viewed through these global norms, is presented. Similarly, the legal roles of the student, the institution, and the country (Vietnam) are discussed. Within the current environment efforts, tools and techniques to reduce and/or eliminate plagiarism are reviewed. Finally, recommendations are proposed to limit the respective liabilities amongst the three aforementioned parties (students, institutions, and government) with regards to plagiarized materials.


The United States recently engaged in a two year extensive review of health care policy with a view to reforming the health care delivery system. The availability of research data on total health care service use and costs under different financing and organizational arrangements helped support this review. Although research data were significant in the debate, the other important variables included political idealism or philosophy about the most appropriate role of government in health care; political pragmatism which required responses to constituency groups with a stake in the outcome; and the experience of constituents with government implementation of existing Medicaid and Medicare government health care programs (Regier, 1986). The contributions of both research and political variables to health care reform efforts will be reviewed briefly.


Introduction. Electronic theses & dissertations is one important service at Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Library  is to simplify the end-user reading service. However,it is still not understood whether the users are satisfied with the new service.  An analysis is needed to examine the user acceptance of electronic theses & dissertations implemented by UGM Library.Data Collection Method. This paper  used an acceptance analysis with a qualitative approach by interviewing three UGM students.Analysis Data. The paper applied  Stuart Hall's theory of encoding-decoding.Results and Discussions. The results showed that the informants were categorises into two  positions. One informant was in a dominant hegemonic position and the others were in  negotiated positions. The background of the study program, the level of education and experiences, might influence the differences in the acceptance and interpretation of electronic theses & dissertations.Conclusions. There are various perspectives of how users examine to the  electronic theses & dissertations at UGM Library.


Although a large variety of diarylazo compounds are used in the design of optical materials, only a few reports concerning the photoisomerization of heterocyclic azo dyes can be found in the literature. In the last years our group reported for the first time the synthesis and characterization of heterocyclic azo dyes bearing thiophene and pyrrole moieties as thermally stable conducting materials, solvatochromic probes and nonlinear optical systems. The E/Z isomerizable N=N double bond within a conducting chain can work as molecular switch, making these (hetero)aryl azo systems promising candidates as photochromic materials [1-6]. As part of our continuing interest in heterocyclic azo dyes for optical applications we report here the synthesis of dithiazole azo dyes 4 using as coupling components bithiophene and thiadiazolyldiazonium salts and the comparative study of the photochromic properties of 4 classes of bithiophene azo dyes 1-4. This study reveals that the kinetics of the E-Z transformation of these systems is strongly influenced by the electronic nature of the heterocyclic diazene moiety as well as its position on the bithiophene system. Moreover, for benzothiazole 3 and thiadiazole 4 azo dyes the switching between the two photoisomers can be performed in 3 seconds with a significant conversion of the trans-isomer to the thermal unstable cis-isomer (19-21%) showing that they could be used as efficient photochromic materials.


The characteristics of the karst pore structure not only affect the seepage features of the rock mass in the karst area but also have a noticeable effect on the mechanical behavior in the process of rock mass loading. The exploration of the exhibition karst pore structure plays a crucial role in the development of science, technology, and engineering construction. In order to appropriately unlock the problem of image brightness imbalance caused by probe eccentricity in field image acquisition and to realize the proper in situ identification and precise characterization of the borehole structure, the scrutiny of karst pore recognition and a characterization method based on the borehole image are proposed. First, combined with the imaging characteristics of borehole image construction, an eccentric image acquisition model is constructed, the change law of image illumination intensity is clarified, and a suitable pretreatment method is developed for karst pore structures, which effectively enhances the borehole image quality. Subsequently, the pore structure identification method is established by integrating the gradient operator and the maximum interclass variance method, which could successfully screen and filter out the non-porous region segments and ensure that the identified pore structure features are more accurate and rich. Finally, on the basis of representing the single pore structure, number and area proportion functions are constructed in both the depth and azimuth directions, and the distribution characteristics of the pore structure on the borehole wall are evaluated in various dimensions. The achieved results reveal that the proposed pore structure identification and characterization approach could substantially enhance the work efficiency of the karst pore structure in borehole images and provide a simple, reliable, and effective method for the statistics and application of karst pore data.


The invention relates to a proceSS for the preparation of acetylene and Synthesis gas by thermal treatment of a Starting mixture containing one or more hydrocarbons and in addition molecular oxygen and/or one or more compounds containing the element oxygen, in which the Starting mixture is heated, brought to reaction in a reactor and Subsequently cooled. The proceSS has the Special feature that the Starting mixture is heated to a maximum of 1400° C. It is then possible to carry out the process with comparatively little expenditure of energy.


Peptic ulcer is gastric disorder caused by Helicobacter pylori infection and the side effect of NSAID use. Based on the latest report in 2014, the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Solo was 51.8%. The purpose of this study to determine potential Drug Related Problems (DRPs) in patients with peptic ulcer disease includes inaccuracy of treatment, dosage, and treatment duration. This is an observational research using purposive sampling method with retrospective, and descriptive data analysis. The data was analyzed by using SPM RSUD Dr. Moewardi, DIH 17th edition, Pharmacotherapy A Pathophysiologic Approach 10th edition, BNF 70th edition, BNFC 2015-2016. Based on the research, from 56 patients, the researcher found DRPs categories ; Inaccuracy of the drug of choice based on the guideline anti ulcer (0%), eradication H. pylori (100%), the appropriate drugs based on the guideline with contraindications (0%), inaccuracy of drugs combination in anti-ulcer (0%), eradication H. pylori (1,50%), inaccuracy of dose specifically over dosaging (36,84%), less dosaging (5,26%), over frequency (42,86%), less frequency (39,09%), inaccuracy of treatment duration (0%).


A vehicle-mounted electric vehicle battery charger comprising a surge limiting circuit, a power factor control circuit and a resonant converter. Power factor control circuit comprises a boost regulator circuit that provides a fixed voltage at the output capacitor. Establishing a resonant converter circuit with a resonant frequency of the resonant capacitor and a leakage inductance of output transformer, is at least 500 times the AC input power frequency.


A vibration sensor for an automotive vehicle having a piezoelectric element of diaphragm type for detecting mechanical vibrations from an internal combustion engine such as knocking frequency. The piezoelectric element is formed within a holder of plastic or the like and bonded thereto in a manner to accurately regulate the clamping pressure at the element periphery and regulate the vibration area thereof to accurately regulate the resonant frequency of the vibration sensor.


The learning process of mother tongue depends on proficiency in comprehension and interpreting. Results from PISA 2009 and PISA 2012 Assessment Framework (OECD), measuring the knowledge, skills and attitudes of 15-year-olds over the last ten years, show that Spain performs below the average of OECD countries in reading literacy. This low performance can be extended to second language learning. The results obtained in reading literacy by Spanish pupils studying French as a foreign language highlight a problem concerning text deep comprehension and inner text organization. In this paper, we will show how the inattentiveness, the cursory reading and, at the same time, the basic lack of proficiency in cognitive and some discursive abilities may be the main cause of reading incomprehension.


Barley is one of the world's most important cereal crops, used mostly as feed for animals and raw material in the production of malt. Historically, it was one of the first cultivated grains and one of the earliest cereals to feature in the human diet in many parts of the world. In recent times, about two-thirds of the barley crop has been used as feed for animals, one-third for malting and about 2% for human food directly. Food barley provides dietary fibres, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other phytochemicals having valuable health benefits. In this study nine hulled and six hull-less barley varieties were evaluated for their grain characteristics, β- glucans, total phenolic contents (TPC) and corresponding antioxidant activities determined by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging method. Samples were malted to compare malt quality properties between hulled and hull-less types of barley and to estimate the influence of malting process on total phenolics. The results showed that hull-less barley varieties had in average higher total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity when compared to hulled malting varieties. Malts were found to have higher total phenolics and antioxidant activity than their corresponding barleys, but the increase varied. Hull-less barley lines had in average higher protein, starch, β-glucan, malt extract content and wort viscosity, but lower Kolbach Index and malt friability when compared to hulled varieties.


Presented in this paper is the description of a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) routine for conducting coherent parameter estimation for interferometric gravitational wave observations of an inspiral of binary compact objects using multiple detectors. Data from several interferometers are processed, and all nine parameters (ignoring spin) associated with the binary system are inferred, including the distance to the source, the masses, and the location on the sky. The data is matched with time-domain inspiral templates that are 2.5 post-Newtonian (PN) in phase and 2.0 PN in amplitude. We designed and tuned an MCMC sampler so that it is able to efficiently find the posterior mode(s) in the parameter space and perform the stochastic integration necessary for inference within a Bayesian framework. Our routine could be implemented as part of an inspiral detection pipeline for a world-wide network of detectors. Examples are given for simulated signals and data as seen by the LIGO and Virgo detectors operating at their design sensitivity.


A class of a posteriori estimators is studied for the error in the maximum norm of the gradient on single elements when the finite element method is used to approximate solutions of second order elliptic problems on a nonconvex polygonal domain. The results are extensions of previous results for smooth domains [W. Hoffmann et al., Math. Comp., 70 (2001), pp. 897-909; A. H. Schatz and L. B. Wahlbin, Math. Comp., 73 (2004), pp. 517-523].


The biological information contained by UTR(untranslated region) and srucrural protein of SC-Y strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus(TGEV) was analyzed by using the biological software.The results indicated that the secondary structure of 5′UTR in SC-Y strain had significant difference with that in other reference strains of TGEV(including Miller M60,Miller M6,Purdue,Purdue P115,PUR46-MAD and TS).The characteristics of the predicted structural protein showed that N protein had no transmembrane protein,glycosylation sites or signal peptide sequences and it belonged to non-secretory protein.Among 4 kinds of structural proteins,the variation ratio of amino acids in N protein was lowest(2.14‰).Compared with Miller M60 strain,Miller M6 strain and TS strain,there were 6 base deletions on the 1 123rd-1 128th nucleotides in S gene of SC-Y stain.On the 163rd-65th nucleotides of sM gene in SC-Y strain had 3 more bases than that in TFI strain and FS772/70 strain.


Current design methodologies of new generation antenna arrays for mobile wireless communication systems are aimed at maximizing radar-based performance metrics that are of secondary importance for the desired application. Indeed, these approaches expect the capacity of the system, which is the main quality metric of a communication system, to be maximized as a secondary effect of the design process. In this work, it is proved that the channel performance of "classical" design methodologies can be overcome, by means of innovative "unconventional" design methodologies, if the propagation scenario, and therefore the capacity of the system, is taken into consideration in the design process. Towards this end, an illustrative numerical example is shown in order to provide a preliminary proof-of-concept.


The purpose of this thesis research was to examine the effect of endorsers of non-celebrities with their relation to POND's Instabright Tone Up Milk Cream buying interest, brand image and product on social media Instagram. This study uses quantitative methods with analysis techniques using LISREL 8.80. In this study, it is known that non-celebrity endorsers have a significant effect on the brand image of POND 'S Instabright Tone Up Milk Cream products which are marketed through Instagram social media. Non-celebrity endorsers have a significant effect on brand trust from POND 'S Instabright Tone Up Milk Cream products which are marketed through Instagram social media. Endorsers of non-celebrities have a significant effect on POND'S Instabright Tone Up Milk Cream product buying interest which is marketed through Instagram social media. Brand image has a significant effect on POND'S Instabright Tone Up Milk Cream product buying interest which is marketed through Instagram social media. Brand trust has a significant effect on POND'S Instabright Tone Up Milk Cream product buying interest which is marketed through Instagram social media.


Australian local government has been subjected to vigorous reform by State Governments for more than a decade, with the most recent reform episode presently under way in Queensland under the Size, Shape and Sustainability programme. Reform has typically focused on enhancing the operational efficiency of local government, with scant consideration accorded to local democracy. Accordingly, this paper examines the role of community engagement in local government reform in Queensland, both as a means of retaining the vibrancy of local democracy and as a method of improving the efficacy of reform itself by drawing upon local knowledge through engagement with local communities.


Semiconductor laser for use in optoelectronic integrated circuits has been developed. A ridge waveguide laser using the same layer with the heterojunction bipolar transitor (HBT) have been successfully integrated on a semi-insulating InP substrate. The n-cladding layer of the laser and the base of the HBT are the same epitaxial layers. This new structure has a small surface step and its fabrication process is very simple.The threshold current of the ridge-waveguide laser is 30mA, and the characteristic temperature 65K. Since the HBT has an additional narrow band gap layer at the collector side of the base. Early effect is not observed.This paper describes an analysis of the characteristics of the ridge-waveguide laser and the HBT, fabrication, and the operation of the optoelectronic integrated circuit.


Objective To investigate the truly neonatal hearing impairment for the early discovery,early diagnosis,early intervention,how to further improve the quality of newborn hearing screening.Methods 2208 cases of neonatal screening were treated with American Bio-logic company product otoacoustic emissions for hearing screening instrument.Results The screening rate was 99.28%.236 people did not pass the screening,screening(10.77%).9 people were with mild to moderate hearing loss,5 with severe hearing loss.Conclusion Hearing screening can reduce neonatal developmental language and other nervous system developmental effects and promote the healthy development of children protection.


Empirical analysis [see, e.g., McDonald (1985)] suggests that partial vertical integration is a widespread phenomenon. However, there are hardly any theoretical explanations for this composition of industries. Both Arrow (1975) and Green (1986) explicitly allow for partial integration to occur. The former author takes the need for information to be the driving force behind vertical integration, whereas in the latter paper market advantages due to integration versus decreasing returns to an expansion of the scope of activities carried out by a single firm are the opposing forces. In both models, however, the industry equilibrium tends to either no integration at all, or complete vertical integration. Carlton (1979) obtained an intermediate outcome by having risk averse buyers secure their high probability demand. In the model of Quirmbach (1986), scale and/or substitution effects are responsible for partial vertical integration. If a firm switches from market exchange to vertical integration, then this will change the probability distribution of the spot market price. This externality is responsible for partial vertical integration in the model of Hendrikse (1988). The present note is in the spirit of Green (1986). However, we will obtain partial vertical integration as an equilibrium market structure, mainly by taking the risk attitudes of the traders into consideration.


The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of depression on the protein-energy reserves and the BodyMass Index in ederly. A total of 65 older adults were evaluated; to identify the level of depression, the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale was used, the protein-energy reserves were evaluated from the arm circumference and the Body Mass Index. The elderly with higher levels of depression had lower arm circumference than those who did not show depression according to the scale (p = 0.002 and p = 0.009, men and women respectively), a similar situation occurs with the BMI (p = 0.050 and p = 0.019). There is also a significant negative relationship between the Geriatric Depression Scale with the arm circumference and the BMI in women (r = -0.520, p = 0.002 and r = -0.439, p = 0.009 respectively). In men, this negative relationship is observed only between the Geriatric Depression Scale and the arm circumference (r = -0.479, p = 0.007). Older adults with a higher level of depression have lower arm circumference and lower BMI than those without depression. In both sexes, there is a significant negative relationship between the Geriatric Depression Scale score and the arm circumference. In females, an inversely proportional relationship between the scale and the Body Mass Index is evidenced.


Acquired lobar interstitial emphysema (ALIE), initially described in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia is now known to occur in other conditions such as a secondary post-traumatic or inflammatory injury as in patients requiring ventilatory sup- port with chronic lung disease. The ALIE leads to progressive deterioration of lung function with massive distension and com- pression of lung parenchyma with consequent mediastinal shift in the course of chronic interstitial lung disease. This situation requires adequate clinical and radiological interpretation in order to make the proper patient selection i.e., between a candidate for lung biopsy for the benefit of a definitive diagnosis or one who in the course of a superimposed ALIE requires a diagnostic and therapeutic lobectomy. Two cases of this entity and descriptive decision-making diagnostic and surgical about pre-and intraop- erative findings are presented.


In recent years, many water treatment facilities have switched from chlorine gas to low‐ (0.8%) and high‐strength (10–12%) hypochlorite because of safety considerations, and many others are considering the transition. However, hypochlorite, especially when stored at high temperatures, can introduce disinfection by‐products such as chlorate, perchlorate, and bromate into the drinking water. Chlorate was included in the third US Environmental Protection Agency Contaminant Candidate List and is under examination as a part of the current Microbial and Disinfection Byproduct regulations review. Results of investigation of chlorine decay and chlorate formation at two water treatment facilities that use high‐strength hypochlorite for water disinfection are presented in this article. Correlations between chlorate in hypochlorite and finished water were examined in the study. The research also investigated the quality of supplied and stored hypochlorite and its impact on chlorate formation and hypochlorite decay. The loss in chlorine strength and chlorate formation over time were compared with AWWA's hypochlorite assessment model.


For optimizing the conditions of glass imprinting, many researchers commonly use the trial-and-error method. Therefore, it is advantageous to carry out a preliminary analysis of glass imprinting. The viscoelastic property of glass is necessary for MEMS-ONE in which a viscoelastic model is used. Assuming glass materials to be viscoelastic boies, the relaxation share modulus was measured by the creep test based on traditional thermo-viscoelastic theory. The Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) equation is applied using the temperature dependence of liquid viscosity. We compared experimental results with the analytic results of MEMS-ONE simulation under the conditions of fixed pressure (3.56 MPa) and time (10 min). The object of evaluation is the height of the central position prong. The molding temperature can be predicted within 10 °C error by the simulation.


IMPACT The authors raise questions about using the performance measurement schemes employed by developed countries in less developed (post-transitional) countries. They explain how public policies in these countries are developed and how performance management tools should be adjusted in order to produce results. ABSTRACT This paper presents an analysis of the impact of performance management tools on the performance of public sector institutions in the Czech Republic. The findings open a new dimension in public performance management research. Existing studies have analysed the links between the use of performance instruments and the real performance of public organizations for the conditions found in the developed world. The authors explain the specific situations and conditions of less developed (post-transitional) countries, where some mechanisms work differently than they do in developed countries.


Sacred groves in the Western Ghats are integral part of the traditional community life. The raising interest on biodiversity hotspots and its ecosystem services prompted a good number of studies on sacred grove system in the region. However, the scattered nature of the studies and limited availability of the information are major constraints to develop an effective management plan for sacred grove conservation in Western Ghats region. This work attempts to compile all available studies on sacred groves of Western Ghats and emphasizes on their potential for informal agents of biodiversity conservation. INTRODUCTION Human – nature interaction has been manifested in various forms throughout the world. The nature of the relation is very much subjective depending on shortor longterm goal of the community concerned. Sacred Natural Sites are defined as areas of land or water having special spiritual significance to people and communities (Wild & McLeod, 2008). These sites existed in the past or continue to exist today in many parts of the world (Hughes & Chandran, 1998; Bhagwat & Rutte, 2005). Sacred Natural Sites occur at a variety of scales ranging from single tree/rock formation to an entire mountain range (Wild & McLeod, 2008). Sacred groves, a subset of Sacred Natural Sites, are segments of landscape that were left untouched by indigenous communities (Khan et al., 2008). They may be considered as keystone structures for biodiversity in traditional landscapes around the world. In India, sacred grove culture has pre-Vedic roots. The Vedic people personified elemental forces of nature as divinities but had no association with sacred grove culture of non-Vedic inhabitants (Chandran, 2005). The pan-Indian distribution of groves is a subject of great interest to biologists, social scientists, anthropologists and policy makers because groves represent a variety of ecosystems, social and ethnic identities, management regimes, legal tenures, and cultural traditions (Ray et al., 2014). The scientific community today recognizes this tradition as one of the tenets of sustainable use of natural resources. Sacred groves are found in a wide range of ecological situations from estuaries to mountain localities. Gadgil and Vartak (1976) recorded that the important regions with sacred groves in India are the North Eastern Himalayas (Khasi-Garo hills), Western Ghats, Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan and Sarguja, Chandes and Bastar area in


For most cases of acute schizophrenia, the optimal dose of haloperidol is around 10 mg/day. Higher doses have been claimed to be no more effective and to cause more extrapyramidal side-effects (EPS) and more drop-outs. The relationship between improvement in positive symptoms and EPS is not clear (Levinson et al, 1990; Van Putten et al, 1990; Rifkin et al, 1991). Twenty consecutive inpatients with acute schizophrenia (DSM III-R) were treated with neuroleptics and the relationship between improvement in positive symptoms and EPS was studied. The study comprised 11 males and 9 females, mean (SD) age 33.2 (9.7) years, range 18-53 y. At baseline and weekly thereafter they were evaluated by the Brief psychiatric rating scale, BPRS (Overall and Gorham, 1962), the positive and negative syndrome scale, PANSS (Kay et al, 1989), and the Simpson-Angus scale for EPS (Simpson and Angus, 1970). Endpoint examinations were carried out at the end of the 4th week or before, if the patients were discharged. Most patients were taking oral neuroleptic medication when they relapsed and were hospitalized. In hospital, mean (SD) haloperidol equivalent dose was 10.9 (4.7) mg/day, range 5-20. The dose was adjusted according to clinical response. Haloperidol was the most widely used neuroleptic. Benzodiazepines were associated in 85% of cases, and anticholinergics prophylactically in 15%. A negative correlation (r = 0 . 6 5 , P < 0.01) was found between endpoint percent improvement in positive symptoms and endpoint EPS severity. The group was divided into two subgroups: those with less than 40% endpoint improvement in positive symptoms and those with 40% or greater improvement (table 1). Mean EPS severity in the less than 40% improvers was significantly higher than in the other subgroup. There were no significant baseline differences in mean PANSS + score (positive symptoms), mean BPRS score, mean age and mean duration of treatment of current episode. Mean doses of neuroleptics and benzodiazepines were not significantly different. The group was split into two endpoint subgroups, according to the presence or absence of akinesia (table II). Endpoint mean percent improvement in positive symptoms was significantly higher in the akinesiasubgroup. There were no significant baseline differences in mean PANSS + score, mean BPRS score, mean age and mean duration of treatment of current episode. Mean doses of neuroleptics and benzodiazepines were not significantly different. The akinesia + subgroup did not have more dysphoria (a possible cause of reduced improvement). Different degrees of rigidity at endpoint were not associated with improvement in positive symptoms. In conclusion, improvement in positive symptoms was associated with fewer EPS and lack of akinesia. This study has several limitations, apart from the small sample size. It was an uncontrolled, non-blind


Background: Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF) inhibitors are effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); these include adalimumab, which binds TNF to form inactive complexes. Once in remission, a proportion of patients can successfully discontinue adalimumab treatment, indicating that blocking TNF is no longer necessary for disease control. We developed a novel assay that can quantify TNF in the presence of large amounts of TNF-inhibitor, i.e. a 'drug-tolerant' assay. Objectives: To investigate, for the first time, the relationship between TNF levels and disease course during adalimumab treatment. Methods: The new drug-tolerant competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay was used to quantify TNF levels on initiation and during 2 years of adalimumab treatment in 206 consecutive RA patients. The relationship between TNF levels and clinical response was evaluated. Results: Circulating TNF levels were close to the detection limit at baseline, but TNF levels increased on average >50-fold upon adalimumab treatment (figure 1A; black lines show median (IQR)), and reached a stable level in time in the majority of patients (figure 1B; representatives of n=206), regardless of disease activity. During treatment, TNF was in complex with adalimumab, and recovered as inactive 3:1 adalimumab:TNF complexes. Low TNF levels at week four were associated with a higher frequency of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) at subsequent time points (figure 1C) and significantly less methotrexate (MTX) use at baseline. Furthermore, week four TNF levels were significantly correlated with SDAI score, with significantly lower TNF levels in patients who did not reach remission (Spearman r = -0.18; p=0.015; figure 1D) Conclusions: TNF levels, mostly in complexed form, do not appear to decline in patients that reach remission, and may therefore not be predictive for treatment discontinuation. However, low complexed TNF levels in the early phase of treatment (wk 4) are strongly associated with ADA formation and can be used to identify non-responders in the early phase of treatment. Disclosure of Interest: L. Berkhout: None declared, M. l'Ami: None declared, J. Ruwaard: None declared, M. Hart: None declared, P. Ooijevaar-de Heer: None declared, K. Bloem: None declared, M. Nurmohamed Consultant for: Abbott, Roche, Pfizer, MSD, UCB, SOBI, BMS, Speakers bureau: Abbott, Roche, Pfizer, R. van Vollenhoven Grant/research support from: AbbVie, BMS, GSK, Pfizer, UCB, Consultant for: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Biotest, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, M. Boers: None declared, C. Smith: None declared, G. Wolbink Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, UCB, AbbVie, Biogen, BMS, T. Rispens Grant/research support from: Genmab, Speakers bureau: Pfizer, AbbVie, Regeneron


The primary aim of this paper is to explore EFL learners' different learning styles and to find efficient ways of learning strategies in foreign language learning. Knowing individual learning styles is important for both teachers and learners, since teachers can provide appropriate instructions and learners can be challenged effectively. Although most EFL teachers are aware that students have individually different abilities, desires, and speeds of learning skills, in reality, lessons today still do not address individual needs. Individualized teaching is especially important in learning a foreign language because it enables to students to become better learners. Therefore, this study will investigate theoretical background of learning styles and strategies and will survey to exam Korean EFL learners' learning styles to find effective learning strategies. To achieve this goal, ninety-seven Korean EFL college students participated in the experiment, and they were asked questions about their English learning experiences, learning styles, and strategies. The results indicated that Korean EFL students got their motivation from within themselves and are aware what type of learning styles and strategies they have. Based on findings, implications for effective ways of learning strategies for Korean EFL learners are discussed.


The purpose of this study was to identify the expectations of registered nurses (RNs) on the adoption of a clinical ladder program. This study used a cross-sectional survey design. The participants were 300 nurses in the Republic of Korea. The average score for the expectation about the claimed benefits from a clinical ladder program of all the respondents was 3.35 (±0.38). For the mean difference between the expectations of RNs with different job positions, all variables were statistically significant. The wage score was higher for charge nurses at 4.17 compared with the head and staff nurses. Our study will be useful as basic data to help apply a clinical ladder system to nursing practice in Korea, to contribute by enhancing the professional development of nursing staff.


Evaluation and optimization of the multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) lattice Boltzmann method for micro-flows (m-flow LBM) are performed with the two-dimensional nine discrete velocity (D2Q9) model. The MRT m-flow LBM consisting of the combination of bounce-back and full diffusive (CBBFD) wall boundary condition is considered. Based on the discussion of Chai et al. (2010), the presently applied CBBFD model and relaxation time for heat flux tq satisfy the second-order slip boundary condition. However, modification to the MRT model of Chai et al. (MRT-C) is made to the relaxation time for the moments related to the stress ts by introducing the psi function (Stops,1970; Guo et al., 2006). This modified MRT-C model (MRT-Cm1) and further modified model (MRT-Cm2) by changing the coefficients of the second-order slip velocity to the coefficients of Mit- suya (1993) are evaluated. As shown in Fig.1, since the MRT-Cm2 model performs best among the evaluated models including the one by Verhaeghe et al. (MRT-V) in predicting slip velocities and flow rates of Poiseuille flows in the range of Knudsen number 0.01<Kn<10, it is further evaluated in the flow around an obstacle situated in a nanochannel. Two kinds of obstacles are considered: a square cylinder (Suga et al., 2010) and a triangular prism. For producing the reference data of the trian- gular prism flow, the classical molecular dynamics simulation using Lennard-Jones potential is also performed in the present study. An interpolation scheme is applied to the CBBBFD wall boundary model for describing the surfaces of the triangular prism. As shown in Figs.2 and 3, it is confirmed that the MRT-Cm2 model performs much better than the SRT m-flow LBM of Niu et al. (2007) (SRT-N).


This paper analyzes impediments to implementation of instructional technology (IT) initiatives as seen by a faculty member who has actively used IT since 1995. The three major impediments (the steep learning curve, difficulty in assessing success, and questions of applicability toward professional advancement) are discussed and some tentative solutions suggested. (Author/MES) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the ori inal document. When Good Intentions Are Not Enough: Motivating Faculty "Ownership" of IT Initiatives Mid-South Instructional Technology Conference Middle Tennessee State University 8 April 2002 Joseph J. Hughes Professor of Classics Modern and Classical Languages Department Southwest Missouri State University 901 South National Avenue Springfield, MO 65804 jih117Msmsu.edu http://dracie.smsu.edu


We study the existence and non-existence of ground states
for the Schrodinger equations
$-\Delta u -\lambda\sum_{i< j}u/|x_i-x_j|^2 = |u|^{2^*-2}u$,
$x=(x_1,\ldots,x_m)\in {\mathbb R}^{mN}$,
and
$-\Delta u -\lambda u/|y|^2 = |u|^{2^*-2}u,\quad x=(y,z)\in {\mathbb R}^N$.
In both cases we assume $\lambda\ne 0$ and $\lambda< \overline\lambda$, where
$\overline\lambda$ is the Hardy constant corresponding to the problem.


As a sort of spirit of educational practice,the influence of educational ethics on the educational activities hasn't received enough attention from people. We think about the benefits of practising educational ethics aiming at its transformation from the value objective to the actual effect. Currently,the separation between the ideal pursuit and the actual facts in terms of the educational ethics mainly manifests itself in such aspects as the prevalence of utilitarian and elitist education as well as the decrease of humanist education. So it is necessary to establish the moral law of education advocating goodness,increase the material input of education,strengthen the construction of standardized educational ethics,and optimize and boost the practical profits,so that education will develop more automatically from the actual morality to the must morality.


The SMT Production Practice Workshop is the practice base within Guangzhou Institute of Railway Technology,which is innovative in seeking for the concept of "school-enterprise cooperation and work-based learning",targeting at training talents with excellent practical skills.By way of manufacturing real products,students' vocational skills and ethics are realized.During the process,problems exist in enterprise production plans and school teaching plans,students skill training and enterprise economic profit,which have been solved through three years of practicing.


Abstract Modes of action of codeine epoxide, a new metabolite of codeine, and epoxides of morphine and heroin on the electrically stimulated guinea pig ileum were studied. The opiates and their epoxides inhibited the twitch response of the ileum to electrical stimulation. The inhibitory actions of the test drugs were antagonized by naloxone. The activities of epoxides were not strikingly different from those of the parent opiates. Dependence liabilities of the epoxides were also tested on the guinea pig ileum which was treated with a high concentration of the test drugs. Epoxydation of 7,8-double bond in the parent opiates showed a trend toward a decrease in dependence liability.


We suggest a variational method for finding the ground state energy in pyramidal quantum dots. The method is based on using a Gaussian trial wavefunction. We developed an analytical expression for the expectation value of the carrier energy in quantum dots with a constant confining potential (within a single-band model). The problem of finding the ground state energy was reduced to the minimization of an analytical function of three trial function parameters. The proposed variational approach is much faster than the direct approach when solving the three-dimensional Schrodinger equation, does not demand any special software, and produces quite accurate values of the carrier ground state energy (an error does not exceed 2% of the potential well depth). Generalization of the method to multi-band models, spatially inhomogeneous potentials, effective mass discontinuity, and excited states is discussed. Applicability of the method to different quantum dot systems is considered.


The Nansihu Lake Watershed is the key area of Eastern Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project,and therefore it is of great importance to study the current situation of land use and its future development trend in order to guarantee the smooth implementation of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project and to promote the sustainable development of the area.Under the support of RS and GIS technology,a series of land use data was obtained in the Nansihu Lake Watershed from 1995 to 2010,and the information entropy theory was used to analyze the variation and structural evolution of land use quantitatively.The results showed that(1)the farm land reduces continuously,the level of vegetation cover recovers,and the wetland and construction land increase from 1995to 2010;(2)the land use information entropy increases,the equilibrium degree rises whereas the dominance degree decreases,indicating the decreasing controlling force of single type to the entire land use structure and a tendency to balance of land use structure;and(3)the comprehensive index of land use degree decreases from 1995 to 2000,but increases continuously since 2000,suggesting a developing stage for land use in the watershed.The GM(1,1)model was used to predict the land use change,which indicated that the land use structure would further adjust to reach the balance.


Goethe is famously skeptical about the value of history writing. As Faust exclaims sardonically to his famulus Wagner, the times of the past are at best "ein Buch mit sieben Siegeln" (576), at worst a Kehrichtfaß or a chaotic Rumpelkammer (582). Wagner finds his own naive faith in progress confirmed by what he cans the "spirit of the ages"; Faust retorts: "Was ihr den Geist der Zeiten heißt, / Das ist im Grund der Herren eigner Geist, / In dem die Zeiten sich bespiegeln" (577-79)· Historians find in history only what they wish to find, projecting their own desires and assumptions upon a lifeless jumble of incoherent facts. Goethe's work, of course, demonstrates in its various genres a constant and vigorous interest in historical subjects. This is evident, for instance, in Götz von Berlichingen and Egmont, in Goethe's translation of and commentary on Benvenuto Cellini's autobiography, in the Geschichte der Farbenlehre and the "Noten und Abhandlungen" of the Divan, and, of course, in Italienische Reise, Dichtung und Wahrheit and Campagne in Frankreich. A couplet from Goethe's later years asks: "Wer in der Weltgeschichte lebt, / Dem Augenblick sollt' er sich richten?" This possibility is dismissed with the aphoristic response: "Wer in die Zeiten schaut und strebt, / Nur der ist werth zu sprechen und zu dichten" (WA 1.3:230). A quatrain from the Divan raises the chaUenge:


The cybersecurity field is a fast-paced, ever-changing, and complex environment. Society's growing dependency on ICT combined with the rising number and seriousness of cyber threats emphasizes the need for a sufficient number of cybersecurity experts, who are, at the moment, still pretty scarce. Furthermore, the lack of common methodology, understanding of individual cybersecurity work roles, and the disparate perspectives of cybersecurity stakeholders from diverse backgrounds (academia, public entities, private sector) further hinder any long-term solutions. In our previous contributions, we presented the National Qualifications Framework in Cybersecurity, which could provide a solution for a sufficiently up-to-date, broad, and granular taxonomy of skills requirements for existing and future cybersecurity work roles that could mitigate this problem. The Platform, including the curation mechanism, was created for this Framework to be easy to navigate, administer, update and flexible. This enabled further utilization (and possibly even development) of the available inputs and synergies from existing qualification frameworks, such as the NICE Framework and the European Cybersecurity Skills Framework. In this article, we introduce and analyze the curation mechanism and the challenges of navigating cybersecurity qualification frameworks and producing a sufficient UI. Primarily we focus on the specific functions of the curation mechanism, e.g., the feedback collection and Framework updates, which could be adapted even for other framework content or languages and thereby implemented in parallel solutions. Therefore, we present the Platform, including the curation mechanism, as a dynamic common reference tool for cybersecurity workforce requirements.


An urgent task for accredited testing laboratories is to estimate the uncertainty of test results. In Charpy pendulum impact test the sources of the main contributions from the measuring instrument to the uncertainty of the result are: the angle of rise and the angle of fall of the pendulum, force exerted by the pendulum, and the distance from the axis of rotation to the center of strike. The aim of the work is to describe the method for estimating the uncertainty of the results of Charpy pendulum impact test based on information about the calibration of the impact testing machine and traceability to the reference material of impact energy (absorbed energy) of steel grade 45 GSO 11934–2022. The uncertainty estimation method is based on the statistical model from ISO 21748–2017. Uncertainty estimation was carried out for a pendulum impact tester TE JBW-300 using GSO 11934–2022 type 11 samples according to GOST 9454–78 with a type V-notch concentrator at room temperature. The study found that the greatest contribution to the uncertainty of test results is made by a systematic error associated with traceability to CRM GSO 11934–2022 and a random component of measurements. Accounting of traceability to the CRM GSO 11934–2022 increases the estimate of the uncertainty of the result, but makes it possible to correctly compare the results of two different laboratories, which is of fundamental importance in arbitration tests.


Nuclear medicine techniques designed to identify bone metastases are reviewed. They include planar and whole body, single photon emission tomography (SPET), F-18 Fluorine and FDG, deoxyglucose, positron emission tomography (PET), bone imaging.


Summary: Small RNAs play key roles in gene regulation, defense against viral pathogens and maintenance of genome stability, though many aspects of their biogenesis and function remain to be elucidated. SCRAM (Small Complementary RNA Mapper) is a novel, simple‐to‐use short read aligner and visualization suite that enhances exploration of small RNA datasets. Availability and implementation: The SCRAM pipeline is implemented in Go and Python, and is freely available under MIT license. Source code, multiplatform binaries and a Docker image can be accessed via https://sfletc.github.io/scram/. Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.


The study object of inter-well tracer test is the relationship between wells,and its research reflects a greater range of reservoir characteristics and the relationship between the oil wells,so the development of tracer exploitating feedbacks the heterogeneity of the reservoir and the information of injected fluid distribution in the developing process,and it is an important basis of field management and dynamic adjustment.The physical and chemical properties of tracer and its interaction level of reservoir rock and fluid directly affect the flow characteristics of tracer,it is directly related to the ability of the tracer to track injected fluid,feedback the flow characteristics of intejected fluid,and impact the final interpretation.Therefore,choosing a suitable tracer in this field tracer test is the important part of inter-well tracer test.In this paper,the classification of tracer and its application,and the criteria of selecting tracer in accordance with the ultimate goal are expounded,also combining with examples,the method of final selection tracer is introduced.


A rethinking of current heat-acclimation strategies is required as most research and advice for improving physiological strain in the heat includes maintaining hydration using long-term acclimation protocols (>10 days). Furthermore, these strategies have tended to use untrained and moderately trained participants. Therefore, the aims of this review were to (i) investigate the effectiveness of short-term heat acclimation (STHA) with moderately and highly trained athletes; (ii) determine the importance of fluid regulatory strain, which has a thermally independent role in heat adaptation; (iii) assess the impact of STHA on a marker of thermotolerance (inducible heat-shock protein 70 [HSP70]); and (iv) provide further information on the decay of acclimation to heat. The review suggests that 5-day STHA is effective, and adaptations may be more pronounced after fluid regulatory strain from a dehydration-acclimation regimen. Furthermore, highly trained athletes may have similar physiological gains to those who are less trained using STHA. However, research has tended to focus on untrained or moderately trained participants and more information is required for highly trained populations. HSP70 response is upregulated across STHA. This indicates increased thermotolerance and protective adaptive change that may indicate HSP70 response as a useful marker of heat acclimation. Physiological adaptations after heat acclimation are relatively short term and may vanish only a few days or REVIEW ARTICLE


The present invention relates to an antibacterial agent and hydrolyzate of at least one extract which is prepared by extraction using ethanol / water from dried plant material from: a) at least one of the plants selected from the group consisting of: Verbena officinalis L., Sambucus nigra L., Primula Veris L., Primula elatior (L.) Hill and Gentiana lutea L. and a mixture thereof; or b) a mixture of: Verbena officinalis L., Sambucus nigra L., Primula Veris L., Gentiana lutea L. and Rumicis herba and subsequent removal of the ethanol / water extraction agent, wherein the hydrolyzate is obtainable by hydrolytic treatment with a mineral acid from the extract. The hydrolysates according to the invention exhibit a pronounced antibacterial effect against skin-, ENT and respiratory tract relevant bacteria.


We introduce a new technique for finding lower bounds on the Heegaard genus of a 3-manifold obtained by gluing a pair of 3-manifolds together along an incompressible torus or annulus. We deduce a number of inequalities, including one which implies that $t(K_1# K_2)\geq \max {t(K_1),t(K_2)}$, where $t(-)$ denotes tunnel number, $K_1$ and $K_2$ are knots in $S^3$, and $K_1$ is $m$-small. This inequality is best possible. We also provide an interesting collection of examples, similar to a set of examples found by Schultens and Wiedmann, which show that Heegaard genus can stay persistently low under the kinds of gluings we study here.


This paper analyzes cross border credit from a new perspective: We assess globally aggregated foreign-denominated credit to non-bank borrowers (provided by the BIS) and analyze which factors drive debt denominated in yen, euro and US dollar between 2003 and 2020. The determinants we analyze include global economic activity, global commodity prices and the evolution of assets in the FED balance sheet. We also consider assets in the ECB and the BOJ Balance in a second step. Our results show that global economic activity is the main driver of dollar debt only before the financial crisis while the Fed balance sheet drives dollar debt afterwards. We also identify a crowding-out effect of FED balance activities on debt denominated in yen and euro. On the other hand, effects of changes in the ECB and BOJ balance are qualitatively less important and more stable.


For centuries, architects have re-used design precedents in the conception of new design solutions. Whether explicitly - as in the case of Le Corbusier, James Stirling and Jo Coenen - or implicitly - as with J.J.P. Oud, Aldo van Eyk, and Santiago Calatrava - this practice has led to very advantageous efficient, effective, and innovative results. The goal of this research project is to contribute to the construction of computational tools to facilitate this practice by developing a model that grasps significant characteristics of the design process as it employs precedents. The model is built drawing an analogy from the natural evolution. The intention is not to represent the processes that take place in the architects minds but rather their behavior as this is manifested in their design products. The project draws from the multidisciplinary methodology of design tool development of the Design Knowledge Systems Research Center. It employs an analogy with Darwinian evolutionary theory in combination with recent theories of genetics and embryology. The criteria of usefulness in picturing the phenomenon in architecture determines the focus on particular aspects of the analogy. The research also uses three case studies from the architectural domain: J.J.P. Oud, to identify adequacy criteria for the model; Le Corbusier, to illustrate the components and conduct of the model under development; and Santiago Calatrava, to test the model. The research develops a pre-computational qualitative model that provides insights into the process of re-use and adequacy criteria for an analytical model to succeed in architectural practice. Given the notorious history of misuse of analogies from the Darwinian model and biological models in general to other fields, special attention was paid to circumscribe the limits of the analogy. There are basic differences between design and evolutionary models, the most important being the process of selection, natural versus artificial. As "breeders", designers recall from memory and/or from archives through "artificial selection" - this is not the case in natural selection. In natural evolution, mutations are "random", and natural selection gives the direction. In the human design process, mutations and selection are mostly intentional. Many analogies suffer from confusion between the natural science notion of evolution and the cultural notion of progress; they are also highly reductive in their representation of cognitive processes of design, misrepresenting the design process. The evolutionary and genetics analogy serve as heuristic devices to represent the mechanisms in the process of use and adaptation of design precedents and the elements of such precedents accumulated over the years that are adapted and recombined during the design process often leading to design innovations. The model employs the notion of "design feature", a precedent component, as the most important unit of selection. Drawing from developmental genetics, and the idea of regulatory genes, each feature is derived from two interlinked kind of instructions where the "regulatory d-gene" deals with the configurational instructions and the "structural d-gene" deals with the technique and materials used. In the design model, just as in evolution, the notion of fitting environmental constraints in the generation of form is essential. Fitness relates to both internal and external constraints; it is multi-dimensional in a multi-criteria ecological environment.


We have established the conditions to grow c‐axis oriented Co films on mica substrates and characterized their crystallography and microstructure in detail. In particular, these films are single crystal, c‐axis oriented, Cohcp and are grown epitaxially by e‐beam evaporation on either Ti or Ru underlayers. The orientation relationship is basically (00.1)mica∥(00.1)underlayer∥(00.1)Co, and [11.0]mica∥[10.0]underlayer∥[10.0]Co. Films grown on Ru underlayers have an average grain size of 50–80 nm with negligible fcc content. For Ti underlayers, the 15–20 nm size grains contain a small fraction of fcc cobalt. The growth of such films makes it possible to measure fundamental magnetic properties of the individual microstructural components/grains of a thin film recording media.


The electronic device in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of circuit mounted on a surface of a substrate the transducer (transducer); It is mounted on the circuit board control modules for controlling the transducer; And a plurality of which may comprise sound input holes, the transducer through the sound input holes of the first one of the sound input holes, the transducers of the second of the first of said transducer is formed in a housing of the electronic device the take respective input sound through the sound input holes 2 can be converted to an electrical signal. Electronic device as described above can be variously implemented according to an embodiment.


Simple Summary The number of local farm animal breeds is declining worldwide. However, these breeds have different degrees of genetic diversity. Measuring genetic diversity is important for the development of conservation strategies and, therefore, various genomic analysis techniques are available. The aim of the present work was to shed light on the use of these techniques in diversity studies of local breeds. In summary, a total of 133 worldwide studies that examined genetic diversity in local cattle, sheep, goat, chicken and pig breeds were reviewed. The results show that over time, almost all available genomic techniques were used and various diversity parameters were calculated. Therefore, the present results provide a comprehensive overview of the application of these techniques in the field of local breeds. This can provide helpful insights into the advancement of the conservation of breeds with high genetic diversity. Abstract Globally, many local farm animal breeds are threatened with extinction. However, these breeds contribute to the high amount of genetic diversity required to combat unforeseen future challenges of livestock production systems. To assess genetic diversity, various genotyping techniques have been developed. Based on the respective genomic information, different parameters, e.g., heterozygosity, allele frequencies and inbreeding coefficient, can be measured in order to reveal genetic diversity between and within breeds. The aim of the present work was to shed light on the use of genotyping techniques in the field of local farm animal breeds. Therefore, a total of 133 studies across the world that examined genetic diversity in local cattle, sheep, goat, chicken and pig breeds were reviewed. The results show that diversity of cattle was most often investigated with microsatellite use as the main technique. Furthermore, a large variety of diversity parameters that were calculated with different programs were identified. For 15% of the included studies, the used genotypes are publicly available, and, in 6%, phenotypes were recorded. In conclusion, the present results provide a comprehensive overview of the application of genotyping techniques in the field of local breeds. This can provide helpful insights to advance the conservation of breeds.


The leaching conditions of the copper sand smelting are stuied in this paper.The best respective leaching rates of Cu、Bi and Ag are 92.2%、95.4% and 80.5%.


The present study investigated the separate and joint effects of authoritarian leadership and the individual subordinate's autonomy orientation on his or her creativity. Based on self-determination theory and previous researches, we propose that the individual subordinate's autonomy orientation is positively related to his or her creativity, while authoritarian leadership negatively related to the subordinate's creativity. Then we discussed the moderating effect of authoritarian leadership on the relationship between one's autonomy orientation and his or her creativity, such that the positive effect of autonomy orientation on creativity is weakened when authoritarian leadership is high.


. In this paper we consider a triangular array of branching processes with non-stationary immigration. We prove a weak convergence of properly normalized branching processes with immigration to deterministic function under assumption that immigration is rowwise ψ − mixing and the offspring mean tends to its critical value 1, immigration mean and variance controlled by regularly varying functions. Moreover, we obtain a fluctuation limit theorem for branching process with immigration when immigration is m − dependent where m may tend to infinity with the row index at a certain rate. In this case the limiting process is a time-changed Wiener process. Our results extend and improve the previous known results in the literature.


This paper proposes the connector conversion technique for a calibration of scattering parameter (S-parameter) calibration. The connector conversion adapter is characterized in dimensional measurement. It was confirmed the reasonable result from 9 kHz to 1000 MHz by phase measurement. We establish measurement of the F75 general-purpose connector from the connector conversion technique.


Results of this study suggest that deep-sea sharks exhibit variable levels of physiological stress to longline capture. Shallower-dwelling and smaller-bodied sharks exhibited greater apparent physiological disruption. No increase in physiological disruption was detected with proximity of capture to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill site.


The synthesis of organic-solvent-dispersible gold nanoparticles in reverse micelles of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) is revisited in the present investigation. Some parameters of synthesis, specifically the reaction volume and the concentration of the reducing agent, were slightly modified obtaining directly monodisperse gold nanocrystals (AuNCs) without the need to use additional active surfactants or additional treatments such as digestive ripening. Interestingly, most of the obtained AuNCs display the same exposed crystalline faces composed of six bounding facets (four {111} faces and two {002} faces), corresponding to single-crystalline face-centered cubic (fcc) nanoparticles with a cuboctahedron shape. When these AuNCs are subsequently functionalized with 1-decanethiol (C10H21SH) or 1-dodecanethiol (C12H25SH) they don´t experience significant changes in their size or crystalline texture, however, they self-aggregate directly in the suspension at room temperature into faceted supramolecular structures, and exhibit collective plasmonic excitations. Such self-organization is reversible under heating treatments allowing the observation of the influence of the AuNCs aggregation state on their plasmonic properties. Fast Fourier infrared spectroscopy reveals that thiols only replace partially the DDAB molecules, thus, DDAB molecules remain present in the thiol-capped AuNCs. In order to turn the thiol-capped nanocrystals into water-dispersible nanocrystals and extend their technological potential, they are stabilized with poloxamer 407 obtaining highly stable purple colloids in water.


In this study, the effect of an edible coating based on natural Aloe vera (AV) gel (0, 5 and 10%) and a Packaging type: 1Vacuum packaging (VP), 2Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), 3Atmospheric packaging investigated on postharvest quality of Seedless Barberries at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of storage at 20oC. After 12 weeks of storage, packaging under MAP conditions with Aloe vera gel sample received the highest colour, taste and appearance score by the Panelists. these results demonstrate that AV gel in combination with Packaging the MAP is proved to be the most effective treatment to maintain the quality of Seedless Barberries for 12 weeks of storage.


Optimization algorithms plays a vital role in mechanical engineering. In this paper we have demonstrated how the Reptile Search Algorithm (RSA) algorithm is able to solve classical engineering design problems. In the first part, the biological reference, as well as a detailed overview of the algorithm is given. Afterwards, the RSA algorithm and the potential to solve the machine engineering design class of problems is given. The source code for this algorithm was written using MATLAB R2020a software suite. The Reptile Search Algorithm (RSA) algorithm was used for optimization problems in the field of engineering design, such as: pressure vessel optimization, disk brake optimization and cantilever beam optimization. The statistical results and comparisons show that the RSA algorithm provides comparable results to other state-of-the-art algorithms used for this problem.


Two-point correlation functions are ubiquitous tools of modern cosmology, appearing in disparate topics ranging from cosmological inflation to late-time astrophysics. When the background spacetime is maximally symmetric, invariance arguments can be used to fix the functional dependence of this function as the invariant distance between any two points. In this paper we introduce a novel formalism which fixes this functional dependence directly from the isometries of the background metric, thus allowing one to quickly assess the overall features of Gaussian correlators without resorting to the full machinery of perturbation theory. As an application we construct the CMB temperature correlation function in one inhomogeneous (namely, an off-center LTB model) and two spatially flat and anisotropic (Bianchi) universes, and derive their covariance matrices in the limit of almost Friedmannian symmetry. We show how the method can be extended to arbitrary N-point correlation functions and illustrate its use by constructing three-point correlation functions in some simple geometries.


Objective:To evaluate ultrasound diagnosis and pathology diagnosis in patients with breast tumors.Methods:Overall 101 cases with benign or malignant breast tumors were examined by ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasonography,and the results were compared with the surgical and pathological findings.The different image features between the benign and malignant breast tumors were analyzed.Results:The benign and malignant breast tumors were significantly different in shapes,boundary,capsules,sound corona and rear echo(P0.05).The detection rates of minute calcification,upwards of level Ⅰ blood stream,rear attenuation and high echo corona of malignant carcinoma were 48%(20/42),45%(19/42),33%(14/42) and 93.8%(60/64)markedly higher than those benign tumors,which were 12%(4/33),18%(6/33),54%(18/33) and 27.0%(10/37),respectively(P0.05).Conclusion:The conventional gray scale ultrasound examination is of great signif-icance in the early detection of breast tumors.


In analogy to the focusing effective in capillary GC, performed with temperature programming but also with sectional cooling of the column inlet as in multidimensional capillary GC, peak focusing can easily be attained in SFC by adjustment of the mobile phase pressure as well as the column temperature


Eugenol has been widely used in dental practice to relieve pain arising from a variety of sources. Several beneficial effects of eugenol such as its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anesthetic and vascular and muscle relaxant activity are recognized. It seems that there is no scientific study about eugenol effects on wound healing. The present study involved the clinical anesthetic effects of different doses of eugenol (2, 5 and 15%) with a routine anesthetic (lidocaine 20 mg/ml) in rabbits and histological study of their effects on the skin wound healing. The results of current study suggested the use of eugenol in 2 and 5 percentage concentrations for local anesthesia.


Objective To comparison of effects and changes of autonomic nerve activity of cilnidipine and felodipine in essential hypertension.Methods The mild to moderate essential hypertension were randomly divide into cilnidipine group(n=38,10mg,qd) and felodipine group(n=36,felodipine 5mg,qd).After 3 months,compared the changes of blood pressure(BP) and heart rate and autonomic nerve activity(it was evaluate by power spectral analysis).Result Cilindpine and felodipine could both significant lower BP.Cilnidipine hadn't change HR,but felodipine increased HR,and increased significant the LF/HF rate in the daytime and the nighttime,such change only in the daytime in cilnidipine.Conclusions Cilnidipine is effective in treating patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension and no increased sympathetic activity.So cilnidipine may provide a new strategty for preventing sympathetic activity to increase heart events.


A simple microwave reaction method without using additives was employed to synthesize ZnO microcrystals with controllable morphology. Zinc acetate dehydrate was selected as reactants and ethylene glycol-water was solvents. Peanutlike ZnO built up by short nanorods, multi-sphere aggregations, spherelike microcrystals covered by ZnO nanoparticles, and spinous morphology mixed with flake like ZnO were obtained only by change of power and time of microwave reaction. The products were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction, and UV/Vis spectrophotometer. X-ray diffraction pattern suggests that the ZnO crystals are pure hexagonal phase.


To verify the effectiveness and complications of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm we studied prospectively 16 patients who had been treated in neuro-ophthalmologic clinic, Department of Ophthalmology, Chiang Mai University during January -August 1997. There were 2 essential blepharospasm and 14 hemifacial spasm. The follow up period was 6-28 weeks We found that after botulinum toxin injection, the treatment was successful in 12 patients (75%) and 4 patients (25%) were unsuccessful. No serious complication was seen except mild and transient localized muscle weakness in 3 patients. The spasm-free interval was 18(16-20) weeks. Botulinum toxin is a safe and effective means of treatment in essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm.


I investigate the superconductivity of the three-band t–J–U model derived from the three-band Hubbard model using the Schrieffer–Wolff transformation. My model is designed considering the hole-doped high-T c superconducting cuprate. The model does not exclude the double occupancy of Cu sites by d electrons, and there is a pair-hopping interaction between the d and p bands together with the exchange interaction. I analyse the superconducting transition temperature, electronic state, and superconducting gap function based on strong coupling theory and find that the superconductivity emerges due to the pair-hopping and exchange interactions via the Suhl-Kondo mechanism. In the superconducting state, the extended s- and dx2−y2 -wave superconducting gaps coexist, where both charge fluctuations and d–p band hybridization are key ingredients.


Most dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) data are evaluated for individual patients with cohorts analyzed to detect significant changes from baseline values, repeating the process at each posttreatment timepoint. Our study aimed to develop a statistically valid model for the complete time course of DCE‐MRI data in a patient cohort.


The modified Blalock–Taussig shunt (MBTS) is the most commonly created systemic–pulmonary shunt in children with cyanotic heart disease, it continues to be a subject of academic interest, because of persistent risks associated with this simple-looking procedure. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with the occurrence of thrombosis complicating modified blalock-taussig shunt.

 Clinical and perioperative variables were examined through prospective study of 45patients who had undergone MBTS construction in one-year period.

 male gender was predominant (33 cases) and females were 12 cases, mean age was 9.58 ±7.45months at the time of surgery. The most common cardiac anomaly was TOF (44.4%), mean duration of post-operative mechanical ventilation was 3.9±4.5 days, mean ICU stay was 5.9±4.5 days and the mean hospital stay was 10±5.4 days, shunt failure rate was 9/45(20%), the analysis revealed that shunt failure is significantly increased in patients aged 7 months at surgery (mean was7.1±6.8 months) (p-value 0.04),failure was more common if the pulmonary arterial diameter was4mm or less(p-value =0,06),shunt failure is significantly related to thoracotomy approach in which 6/45 (13.3%) have been subjected to this approach (p-value=0.02),shunt occlusion was significantly related to use of small shunt size 3.5mm encountered in6/45(13.3%), 4mm in 1/45(2.2%) and 5mm in2/45(4.4%) (p-value=0.02) ,failure rate was (15.55%)7/45 in patients who are deprived from heparin during operation while it was (4.4%)2/45 in heparinized patients (p-value=0.01), use of inotropes and nor-adrenalin are significantly related to shunt occlusion but on expense of poor hemodynamic state in which 6 patients out of 9 occluded shunt patients received inotropes while all occluded shunt cases received nor-adrenalin (p-value =0.02), we didn't find any relation of other variables (sex, gender, pre-operative coagulation profile and low oxygen saturation) with development of post- operative shunt thrombosis (p-value>0.05),The overall hospital mortality rate was 35.5% (16/45) The rate was significantly higher in patients aged below 10 months (mean 4.3±6.8 months)(p = 0.004),weighing 7kg or less(mean 5.3± 2.5kg) (p = 0.02),low oxygen saturation prior to operation was significantly related to post-operative mortality (mean 53.7±11.9%) while was (69.8 ± 14.5%) in discharged group (p = 0.002), all dead cases(16/16,100%) received nor adrenaline during and after operation that contributed to poor hemodynamic state while 12cases out 16 (75%) received inotropes due to the same reason, the mean Pulmonary artery size was (3.8±1.2mm) in dead cases and(4.3±1.4mm) in discharged cases(p > 0.05), Shunt size was not related to mortality ,mean size was(3.9±0.4mm),( 4.1±0.5mm)in dead and discharged cases respectively(p > 0.05),sternotomy approach was carried out on 29/45 patients9 (56.25%)cases are died and 20(68.96%) discharged while 16/45 underwent thoracotomy 7 of them died (15.55%)and 9(31.03%) discharged(p > 0.05),mortality is encountered in non-heparinized (22/45)cases versus heparinized(23/45) during and after operation in which 10/16 (62.5%) didn't receive heparin during and after operation while 6/16(37.5%) are heparinized , all patients later on turned to low dose oral aspirin Whether they heparinized or not.

 It is important to assess risk factors associated with the MBTS operation. The results of our study suggest that MBTS thrombosis is associated with many risk factors includes age and presence of small shunt size, small pulmonary artery size, intra. and early post-operative anticoagulation can help to reduce the risk of shunt thrombosis, as well as thoracotomy surgical approach that influence shunt patency. Also, mortality is significantly associated with young age less than 5 months of age and low body weight around 5 kg and oxygen desaturation<60% prior to operation.


An account is given on the state of the art of medium-engineering for bio-organic synthesis. Medium-engineering means designing (micro)environments for the biocatalyst with the objective of reaching maximal activity, stability and hence productivity. Medium-engineering therefore involves aspects such as stabilizing the essential water layer around the biocatalyst, controlling electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between matrix, reactants and biocatalyst, as well as optimizing substrate and product fluxes through the entire biocatalytic system. Where possible, some general rules have been derived, which might be of help in designing media for bio-organic synthesis.


The main objectives of this study were to isolate and characterize the two antibacterial peptides from gut of poultry.Two bacterial strains were isolated from chicken cecal contents and identified basing on physiological and biochemical characteristics determination,and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis.Oxford cup test was conducted to assay the antimicrobial spectrum.Carbon sources,nitrogen sources,and the initial pH in cultural media were modified and adjusted to assay their effects on antibacterial peptides expression.Two bacteria were confirmed as Lactobacillus plantarum CLP29 and Enterococcus faecium CLE34,and found to express two protease-sensitive antibacterial peptides(plantaricin CLP29 and enterocin CLE34,3.5 ku),respectively.The optimum conditions for production of both peptides were recorded in MRS(Mann Rogosa Sharpe) broth at pH 5.0,6.0 and 7.0,and at 37 ℃,with their antimicrobial activities being 6 400 arbitrary units per mL(AU/mL).Both carbon and nitrogen sources affected production of plantaricin CLP29 and enterocin CLE34.Plantaricin CLP29 production was increased when L.plantarum CLP29 was cultured in the presence of amidulin combined with most nitrogen sources,but reduced when ammonium citrate or peptone+beef extract being the nitrogen source in medium.The highest yield(6 400 AU/mL) of enterocin CLE34 was obtained when E.faecium CLE34 were cultured in the presence of galactose,but the yield of enterocin CLE34 was reduced by 50%~75% with the supplementation of amidulin or sucrose in medium.In conclusion,two antibacterial peptides producing bacterial strains were successfully isolated from gut of poultry,and the production of antibacterial peptides could be adjusted by changing the components in cultural media.


ABSTRACT The study attempts to identify the influential antecedents of customer satisfaction and repatronage intentions in the context of e-grocery retailing through mobile applications. Literature survey based on qualitative thematic approach was adopted for the study. The reviewed articles were selected based on Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) framework. The model was subjected to reliability and validity determination through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The hypotheses were tested through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). SEM results revealed that out of the four proposed antecedents i.e. online tracking, design aesthetics, online rating & review, and perceived security risk, the initial three bear significant positive causal relationship with customer satisfaction. The existing study gives a perspective of e-grocery retailing based mobile applications in an emerging market, which is a departure from the past studies which are based on developed markets characterized by higher technology penetration and awareness amongst inhabiting populace.


The effect of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) on human neutrophil motility was studied using videomicroscopy. Stimulation of neutrophils with G‐CSF resulted in enhanced motility with morphological change and increased adherence. Enhanced neutrophil motility was detected within 3–5 min after G‐CSF stimulation, reached a maximum at 10 min, and was sustained for approximately 35 min. The maximum migration rate was 84·4 ± 2·9 μm/5 min. A study using the Boyden chamber method revealed that G‐CSF‐stimulated neutrophils exhibited random migration but not chemotaxis. Enhanced neutrophil motility and morphological change were inhibited by MEK [mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) kinase] inhibitors (PD98059 and U0126), and a phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (wortmannin), but not by a p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580). These findings are consistent with the fact that G‐CSF selectively activates MEK/ERK and PI3K, but not p38, in neutrophils. MEK/ERK activation was associated with G‐CSF‐induced redistribution of F‐actin and phosphorylated myosin light chain. Enhanced neutrophil motility was observed even in the presence of neutralizing anti‐CD18 antibody, which prevented cell adherence. These findings indicate that G‐CSF induces human neutrophil migration via activation of MEK/ERK and PI3K.


In this paper we first examine and propose the relationships between the first ionization energy (I ), polarizability ( ) and orbital radius specifically for inert gas-atoms. These are known in general over a range of atomic number Z. This paper reports linear relation between I especially for the inert gas atoms and predicts the properties of super- heavy inert gas atom Z = 118. The correlation study is extended to lesser known regime of ions on one hand and meta-stable atomic species on the other. 0 0


210 The rare plant Syzygium alterniforlium (Wight) Walp. (Myrtaceae) is endemic to the dry localities of Kurnool, Cuddapah and Chitoor Districts of Andhra Pradesh, Chengalpattu and North Arcot Districts in Tamil Nadu and Bangalore District in Karnataka (Gamble, 1957; Chitra, 1983; Saldanha, 1996). It is found in the upper plateaux, slopes and valley tops at an elevation ranging from 600 to 1000 m. in Sri Venkateshwara Wildlife Sanctuary of Chittoor and Cuddapah districts. Very isolated patches of stunted form is seen in the Red Sanders belt in adjoining forests also. Its distribution may be related to the geology and rock structure of the area along with elevation and aspect.


This is a base for a broader regional study, which comprises the geologic cartgraphy, caracterization and calculation of reserves for coals pertaining to the level Ktg-2-Ktg-3 of the Guaduas Formation. The intention was to establish the relation betwen the chemical analysis and the deposit en enviroment, by comparing the strata-graphic columns with the curves of the chemical tests. After describing the strata-graphic column from the lito-logical point of view there were taken samples of the carboniferous mantles  levels for further petro-grahhic trials. Finally to make comparisons with the enviroment deposits by means of tables and graphics. From the comparative graphs it is deduced that as the environment become morecontinental, it increases the contents of vitrinite and power of reflectance diminish. It is recommended to carry on studying on a greater number of samples that include the other studies already made.


We consider diffraction of a three-dimensional (3D) spatiotemporal optical pulse by a phaseshifted Bragg grating (PSBG). The pulse diffraction is described in terms of signal propagation through a linear system with its transfer function determined by the reflection or transmission coefficient of the PSBG. It is shown that a PSBG can perform temporal differentiation in reflection and temporal integration in transmission of a 3D spatiotemporal optical pulse envelope. Second order differentiation of the incident pulse envelope is achieved using two differentiating PSBGs separated by a vacuum layer with the optical thickness of a quarter of the Bragg wavelength. The possibility of performing the said operations are confirmed by rigorous simulation results.


The purpose of the research is the determinationof Irrigation water requirement based on primer datas collectingand analysis factors of land preparation, plant growth,determination of water loss due to percolation. Irrigation waterrequirement depends from various factors in the preparation ofthe land, plant growth, determination of water loss due topercolation, the determination of the replacement of water andrain layer effectively. The availability of irrigation water iscalculated based on discharge data retrieval on the TaroangSecondary channel. which then processed to obtain the finalresult of the availability of water in the channel. Results of thestudy shown that needs water to irrigate an area of secondarychannels Taroang covering an area of 2,140 Ha as much 39.11m3/s. While the availability of water that goes into the secondarychannel taroang where discharge a minimum of 0.12 m3/s and themaximum discharge of 0.31 m3/s.


Riitta-Liisa Linnala. 2010. Energy expenditure in different types of nature trails: Comparison between indirect calorimetry and heart rate and accelerometer based energy expenditure estimation. Department of Biology of Physical Activity, Vuotech, University of Jyväskylä. Master ́s Thesis of Biomechanics. 53 pp. Physical activity and sufficient energy expenditure are known to have important benefits in maintaining good health and in preventing chronic diseases. Measuring the energy expenditure in field conditions aids the health professionals to design appropriate exercise doses to ensure the adequate daily energy expenditure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the energy expenditure in different types of nature trails and to define a load index for these trails. It was also clarified whether "easy to use" heart rate and activity monitors can estimate energy expenditure accurately enough. The study was carried out in autumn 2008 in terrain near Rokuan Kuntokeskus and with 12 healthy subjects (6 women and 6 men). The subjects were dissimilar in physical activity (IPAQ) and in body composition (measured with bioelectrical impedance). The subjects walked three nature trails of different length (4.8 km, 10.6 km and 13 km). The energy expenditure was measured with portable indirect calorimetry during the walk. In addition, the energy expenditure was estimated with heart rate and activity monitors. Route and altitude information of the nature trails were collected with sports computer. Activity energy expenditure (AEE) was calculated from total energy expenditure and the load index (AEE/kg) was clarified to each nature trails. As a result of this study, the following load indexes were clarified to the nature trails: 4.8 km nature trail: 4 kcal/kg 10.6 km nature trail: 9 kcal/kg 13 km nature trail: 11 kcal/kg In addition, it was found that heart rate and activity monitors can measure accurately enough the energy expenditure for these nature trails if the right subject information (age, height, weight, gender) is entered to the instrument.


This article conceptualises the institutional narrative of the reconstruction of Stari Most (Old Bridge), regarded as an international symbol of reconciliation in Mostar, Bosnia–Herzegovina, as a staged reconciliation of the city. Constructed during Ottoman occupation Stari Most became a signifier of Mostar and was central to the growth of the city. Stari Most was destroyed in 1993 during the Bosnian war; restoration began five years following, and the bridge alongside Stari Grad (Old Town) was reopened as a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) heritage site in 2004. UNESCO began operating in 1945 on the grounds that 'peace must be established on the basis of humanity's moral and intellectual solidarity', based on a collaborative effort to celebrate diversity and innovation. In this article I conceptualise Stari Most as a stage of memory through identifying, firstly, the institutional staging of the reconstruction as a structure which 'bridges' divides, and secondly, the institutional narrative of the bridge as a symbolically reconciling structure, in a city which remains divided.


The transfer of rural surplus manpower,which has become an important path for a country to realize the industrialization and modernization,arouses the public attention thoroughly.This paper analyzes on the present situation and features of the transfer of Shanxi's rural surplus manpower.


Transient measurements of the faradaic current due to hole injection into Au(111) electrodes and of the light emission caused by radiative decay of the excited holes are reported. By compensating for the ohmic solution resistance the time constant for charging the double layer was greatly reduced, such that much higher injection currents were achieved at the desired potential. With this provision, the spectral distribution of the emitted radiation was characterized by photon energies well above the difference between the Gibbs free energies for electrons at the Fermi-level of the metal and in the injecting thianthrene cationic species. Regularly spaced structural features were also observed in the CTRIPS spectra. As an explanation of the photon energy enhancement a 2-quantum process, involving the interaction of a primary hole and a secondary electron, is proposed.


This article presents a virtual cameraman which allows us to obtain the whole set of camera movements satisfying user defined constraints specified in the image space and/or constraints on the objects of the scene. This research follows the "Declarative Modelling" approach, which focuses on a 3‐phase modeller concept: description; generation; result exploration.


Dontchev and Hager [Math. Oper. Res., 19 (1994), pp. 753-768] have shown that a monotone set-valued map defined from a Banach space to its dual which satisfies the Aubin property around a point $(x,y)$ of its graph is actually single-valued in a neighborhood of $x$. We prove a result which is the counterpart of the above for quasi-monotone set-valued maps, based on the concept of single-directional property. As applications, we provide sufficient conditions for this single-valued property to hold for the solution map of general variational systems and quasi-variational inequalities. We also investigate the single-directionality property for the normal operator to the sublevel sets of a quasi-convex function.


This report is the seventh in a series of Volvo Reports from Volvo Car USA and The Harris Poll designed to uncover insights into the American opinion across four core themes: design, safety, technology and environment.


Quantitative study reputation and reliability rely on analyzed data integrity. For the maritime researcher, both data type and range have expanded in the past 25 years, as the costs of holding and processing information have been lowered through electronic data storage and retrieval, and, along with its size, interest in the area has grown as it responds to world trade expansion. The authors examine maritime statistics in regard to macroeconomic data sets; trade flow data; shipping market operations; port and ancillary industry operations; and environmental, regulatory, and policy needs.


We show that every metric space with bounded geometry uniformly embeds into a direct sum of l p (N) spaces (p's going off to infinity). In particular, every sequence of expanding graphs uniformly embeds into such a reflexive Banach space even though no such sequence uniformly embeds into a fixed l p (N) space. In the case of discrete groups we prove the analogue of a-T-menability - the existence of a metrically proper affine isometric action on a direct sum of l p (N) spaces.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relevance of three different types of styles measure for students' learning in a large introductory university course in psychology, using information technology to enhance teaching. The paper examines the relationship between styles, the usage of learning technology, and academic performance in this course.Design/methodology/approach – Styles are measured using approaches to learning, thinking styles, and cognitive styles. The usage of the online material is measured by considering both time spent on the resources and the amount of material viewed (pages and hits) as well as tools used.Findings – The findings are that the academic performance of students who used the online resources is significantly higher than those who either choose to not use the online materials at all or choose to use to the materials to a lesser extent. It is determined that the measure of approaches to learning (approaches and study skills inventory for students) is the strong...


................................................................................................................. vi Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................ 1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 1 Rationale for the Study ........................................................................................... 1 Research Questions ............................................................................................... 3 Foreground: Why Western Sydney University? ...................................................... 4 Purpose of the Investigation ................................................................................... 5 Overview of the Research Methodology ................................................................. 5 Wider Significance of the Study .............................................................................. 6 Chapter 2: Literature Review ................................................................................... 7 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 7 Background to the Study ........................................................................................ 7 Why Autonomous Learning? ................................................................................ 10 Autonomy and Motivation .................................................................................. 11 Autonomy and Capacity .................................................................................... 12 Autonomy, Readiness, and Adaptation ............................................................. 12 International HDR Students' Experiences in Australia and Beyond ...................... 14 Supervision ....................................................................................................... 14 Feedback .......................................................................................................... 15 Culture .............................................................................................................. 15 Identity Development ........................................................................................ 16 Motivation .......................................................................................................... 16