Abstract Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to study SmCl3 at concentrations of 0.42 to 8.99 wt% in molten eutectic LiCl-KCl (44.2:55.8 wt%) at 773 K. For each sample, CV was repeated at different electrode surface areas to measure the peak current density. By analyzing the measured peak current density and concentration relationship with the Randles-Sevcik equation, the Sm(III) diffusivity for each sample was calculated. These diffusion coefficients ranged from 0.934 × 10−5 to 1.572 × 10−5 cm2‧s−1, showing no noticeable trend with a change in concentration. The samples were then divided into two groups of five. The first group was used to develop a calibration model for concentration prediction, while the second group was used to test and validate the model. The first model was based on the relationship between current density and concentration. This model had a very low limit of detection of 0.14 wt% and very low error as evaluated by the root-mean-square error of calibration of 0.108 wt%. The second model was a multivariate approach utilizing the current density values and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) intensities as regressors; however, the introduction of LIBS data showed an increase in the model's prediction error when compared to the first model. The electrode withdrawal method proved to be a preferable option due to a substantial increase in precision.


AgInS2 microspheres were synthesized via a simple solvothermal route using biomolecule L-cysteine-assisted methods.The L-cysteine both as sulfur source and complexing agent plays an important role in the formation of AgInS2 microspheres.The morphology,structure,and phase composition of the as-prepared AgInS2 products were studied through X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope,X-ray photoelectron spectroscope,transmission electron microscope,and high-resolution transmission electron microscope.The Results showed that the as-prepared AgInS2 microspheres were orthorhombic phase with average diameters of about 2 μm.In addition,the effect of reaction temperature on morphology of the product was investigated,and a possible growth mechanism of the AgInS2 microspheres was also determined based on electron microscope.


Objective: To evaluate efficacy and safety of α-Keto analogues of essential amino acids (KAA) in stage 3 and 4 patients of Chronic Kidney Disease. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in stage 3 and 4 patients of Chronic Kidney Disease of a tertiary care centre of north India. It was a prospective comparative study. Patients were randomly divided into two interventional groups. Group I (Control) received conservative management and placebo while Group II (KAA) was managed on conservative management along with KAA (600 mg, thrice daily) for 12 weeks. Haemogram and renal function tests were done and adverse effects were recorded at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. Results: There was progressive improvement in clinical features in both the groups after 12 weeks of treatment but KAA group showed more marked improvement as compared to control group. Both groups showed gradual improvement in the biochemical parameters as compared to their pre-treated values which was more marked in KAA supplemented group. There was reduction in blood glucose, blood urea, serum creatinine and 24 hour total urine protein (TUP). There was increase in haemoglobin, 24 hour total urine volume (TUV) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). There was no statistical difference in two groups with respect to side effects (p>0.05). Conclusion: α-Keto analogues of essential amino acids (KAA) supplementation along with conservative management is efficacious and safe in preventing the progression of disease in stage 3 and 4 patients of Chronic Kidney Disease.


Objective To study the antioxidation and immuno-regulation effects of the active fraction in Jiawei Zhisou Powder.Methods Hypersensitive asthma mice were established by the miscible liquids of ovalbumin(OA)and Al(OH)3.The influences of the powder on the contents of SOD and MDA in the serum and lung tissue of mice were observed and the contents of IL-4 and IFN-γin supernatant of mouse spleen cells cultured in vitro were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.And Jiawei Zhisou Powder and dexamethasone were administered to normal mice respectively,then the immune organs weight were measured and the spleen and thymus indexes of mice were calculated.Results Compared with the normal group,the contents of SOD and IFN-γwere significantly decreased,while MDA and IL-4 contents were obviously enhanced in asthma group(P 0.01).The contents of SOD and IFN-γwere increased while the contents of MDA and IL-4 were decreased in a dose-dependent manner in Jiawei Zhisou Powder groups(P 0.05 orP 0.01).Compared with the normal mice,the index of thymus and spleen didn't significantly increased in mice of Jiawei Zhisou Powder groups.Conclusion The anti-asthmatic effect of Jiawei Zhisou Powder is probably related to its free radical scavenging action and immuno-regulation effects.


first approaches in German regional planning date from the interwar years, but not until the 1960s the legally binding instrument "Regional Plan" is one of the central means to execute the general guidelines and objectives in territorial planning on the spatial level of planning regions. Even though the organisation of regional planning differs between the federal states, it is an important link between the very detailed municipal planning and the more general federal states' planning stipulations.


Despite more than a decade of efforts to broaden participation in computing, Native students and girls are alarmingly underrepresented in computer science (CS) education. Addressing the disparities in access to rigorous, college preparatory CS education in Native communities requires tribe-specific culturally relevant and revitalizing pedagogical and curricular approaches. This panel highlights the work of Native computing educators to center, celebrate, and connect Native students' and girls' tribe-specific culture and languages to fundamental computing concepts and applications.


We build a new fitting method which could fit all kinds of resonances of microrings. With that, we experimentally demonstrate the cause for asymmetrically split resonances as well as couplers induced backscattering in SOI microrings.


Introduction: It has been shown that T2 values in cartilage differ according to variations in macromolecular concentration, collagen orientation and structure, and tissue hydration. Thus, T2 mapping has become a common method for analyzing the quality of cartilage tissue using MRI. The relationship between the collagen content of cartilage and the associated T2 relaxation time of the tissue has been studied extensively[1-5]. Researchers have used various pulse sequences to obtain T2 maps, ranging from dual-echo sequences to multiple spin-echo sequences with varying echo times. Multipleecho sequences have been shown to produce biased results due to the stimulated echoes that occur for each echo after the first echo. The goal of this paper is to show the applicability of a dual-echo fast-spin-echo sequence within a clinical trial for T2 mapping of cartilage. To be used in a clinical trial, the sequence needs to meet several criteria, including: relatively short imaging time, good resolution both inand out-of-plane, ability to implement on a variety of hardware configurations, and capable of producing accurate T2 values for cartilage (in the range of 30-60ms). Methods: Four test tubes containing 5, 10, 20 and 40 mM concentrations of CuSO4 were prepared and T2 values were calculated from five single spin-echo sequences (TR/TE = 2000/11, 20, 40, 60, 80 ms). These values were taken as the ground truth. These same test tubes were attached to a volunteer subject's knee and imaged using a sagittal dual-echo fast-spin-echo sequence (TR=4600ms, TE=10, 60ms, thickness=2mm, FOV=14cmx14cm) as shown in Figure 1. The average signal intensities within the test tubes were calculated across seven slices of the collected images. From these values, the average T2 value within each test tube was calculated from the negative slope of the natural log of the intensities. Results: The ground truth T2 values obtained from the five single spin-echo sequences were 30, 60, 121, and 231ms. The average T2 values for each test tube calculated from the dual-echo fast-spin-echo sequence were 28.46, 59.99, 96.33 and 162.55ms. Note that the calculated T2 values for the test tubes having expected T2 values of 30 and 60ms are very accurate (an error of 5% for the 30ms test tube and about 0.02% for the 60ms test tube). The errors are substantially larger for the longer T2-valued test tubes (an error of 20% for the 121ms test tube and 30% for the 231ms test tube). Discussions and Conclusion: The results indicate that tissues with shorter T2 values can be calculated accurately using this dual-echo fast-spin echo sequence. The longer T2 values are underestimated due to reduced magnetization in the second echo. This is most likely a result of incomplete decay of transverse magnetization prior to the second RF pulse at 5ms, resulting in this magnetization being stored until the second pulse at 30ms and then dissipated in a stimulated echo at 35ms rather than contributing to the second spin echo. To reduce this effect and create accurate maps for longer T2 values, a longer first echo time could be chosen. This would decrease the signal-to-noise ratio in the images, thus reducing the accuracy of the calculated shorter T2 values. Therefore, the proposed dual-echo fast-spin-echo sequence is appropriate for mapping T2 values within the expected range (30-60ms). References: 1. Dardzinski BJ, Mosher TJ, Li S, Van Slyke MA, Smith MB. Spatial variation of T2 in human articular cartilage. Radiology 1997;205(2):546-550. 2. David-Vaudey E, Ghosh S, Ries M, Majumdar S. T2 relaxation time measurements in osteoarthritis. Magn Reson Imaging 2004;22(5):673-682. 3. Dunn TC, Lu Y, Jin H, Ries MD, Majumdar S. T2 relaxation time of cartilage at MR imaging: comparison with severity of knee osteoarthritis. Radiology 2004;232(2):592-598. 4. Smith HE, Mosher TJ, Dardzinski BJ, et al. Spatial variation in cartilage T2 of the knee. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2001;14(1):50-55. 5. Wayne JS, Kraft KA, Shields KJ, Yin C, Owen JR, Disler DG. MR imaging of normal and matrix-depleted cartilage: correlation with biomechanical function and biochemical composition. Radiology 2003;228(2):493-499.


The web has greatly improved access to scientific literature. A wide spectrum of research data has been created and collected by researchers. However, textual information on the web are largely disorganized, with research articles being spread across archive sites, institution sites, journal sites and researcher homepages. Data was widely available over internet and many kinds of data pose the current challenge in storage and retrieval. Datasets can be made more accessible and user-friendly through annotation, aggregation, cross-linking to other datasets. Biomedical datasets are growing exponentially and new curative information appears regularly in research publications such as MedLine, PubMed, Science Direct etc. Therefore, a context based text mining was developed using python language to search huge database such as PubMed based on a given keyword which retrieves data between specified years.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions refers to medicine, namely dermatovenerology, and is applicable for treating skin diseases. A spray storage-stable, substantially anhydrous formulation for local application contains 0.00001-0.05 % wt/wt of calcipotriol and calcipotriol monohydrate and 0.0005-1% of betamethasone ester dissolved in propellant mix making 50-90% volume/volume of the formulation amount, 0.1-10% of lipid co-solvent and 10-50% wt/wt of a pharmaceutically acceptable lipid carrier dissolved or suspended in the above propellant; the lipid carrier contains one or more lipids, which form a semi-solid and occluding layer where applied and if applied on the skin with the propellant evaporating. A method of treating a skin disease involves administering a therapeutically effective amount of the formulation to the patient. EFFECT: using the inventions enables providing the higher clinical effectiveness ensured y better permeability and biological activity of the ingredients. 16 cl, 8 tbl, 7 dwg, 8 ex


A simple method is described for forming superconducting contacts to niobium thin films, as used for current perpendicular to the plane measurements of the resistance of magnetic multilayers, using an indium–Roses alloy (Bi 50/Pb 28/Sn 22) solder alloy. This solder alloy has a critical magnetic field of approximately 1.2 T.


This year scientists continued to unravel the complicated ties between human health and the thousands of microbial strains living on and inside our bodies. These microbes have evolved with humans for millennia and have been considered benign, if not helpful, to us. But as researchers at the University of Sheffield discovered, that's not always the case. The team found that a noninfectious strain of skin bacteria called Micrococcus luteus promotes development of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus infections in mice (Nat. Microbiol. 2018, DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0198-3). What's most interesting, says Trinity College Dublin's Rachel M. McLoughlin, who wasn't involved in the study, is that even dead M. luteus cells promoted infection, which means that dying, antibiotic-susceptible bacteria may actually help antibiotic-resistant bacteria survive. M. luteus's betrayal aside, many bacteria strains are still beneficial, especially in the gut. Several studies showed that disrupting this microbial community could hav...


Abstract : The report presents an engineering analysis of the feasibility of modifying the existing TACAN/DME system to provide broadcast digital data for area navigation. The operational and system considerations indicate that the required data rate is realizable and can be added with minimal effect on existing services. Various types of signal structure, synchronization and modulation techniques are examined. A comparison of the resulting data systems on the basis of data performance, flexibility, and the cost-complexity of implementation is included. (Author)


We review the general procedure for the field-theoretical computation of wrapping effects in standard and beta-deformed N=4 super Yang-Mills by means of N=1 superspace techniques. In the undeformed theory, these methods allowed to find explicit results at four and five loops for two-impurity operators. In the deformed case, a general expression for the finite-size correction to the anomalous dimension of single-impurity operators at the critical order was obtained.


We have developed a suite of dynamic frameworks for clustering, classification, and regression problems of knowledge-based networks using collaborative approaches. For solving clustering problems, we provide a formulation of the model-integration problem using the principles of sharing prototypes and membership-functions and describe iterative algorithms that converge to an optimal solution. We show that the measure of proximity-distance is a suitable vehicle for quantifying the consensus of collaborative data sites.
For classification and regression problems, we present a new experience-consistent framework. By extending the performance index, we show that the domain knowledge captured by regression and classification models plays a regularization role in system identification problems. We demonstrate that the achieved consistency between collaborative sites can be quantified through fuzzy sets related to the parameters of the model.
In the development of an approach to fuzzy rule-based model identification realized in a collaborative framework of experiential evidence (data) and knowledge evidence (past experience), we demonstrate how to reconcile these two essential sources of guidance in the form of local regression models.
Using a radial-basis function neural networks approach, consistency is achieved using a connection value framework to reconcile data with past experience by considering gradient-based neural networks method.
The study provides architectural considerations, elaborates on essential communication mechanisms, and covers underlying algorithmic aspects of knowledge-based networks. We explain how the collaboration mechanism gives rise to higher order granular constructs such as type-2 fuzzy sets that emerge in a highly legitimate manner in distributed fuzzy modeling. We evaluate our methods with type-2 fuzzy sets.
The theoretical and algorithmic approaches to collaborative frameworks investigated in this study can be used as a foundation for further research in the area of distributed fuzzy modeling.


October 12, 2022 Type Package Title Alternative Factor Coding Matrices for Linear Model Formulae Version 0.3.4 Author Bill Venables Maintainer Bill Venables <email@example.com> Description A collection of coding functions as alternatives to the standard functions in the stats package, which have names starting with 'contr.'. Their main advantage is that they provide a consistent method for defining marginal effects in factorial models. In a simple one-way ANOVA model the intercept term is always the simple average of the class means. Depends R (>= 3.5.0), stats Imports Matrix, methods, fractional, utils Suggests knitr, MASS, dplyr, car, ggplot2, xtable License GPL (>= 2) RoxygenNote 7.1.2 VignetteBuilder knitr NeedsCompilation no Repository CRAN Date/Publication 2022-05-03 09:00:02 UTC


The research and application of classification is the foundation of a library,and is also the inheritance of traditional knowledge and constantly innovating change.Through the study of "CLC"(fifth edition),follow the previous edition,combined with practical work,taking library classification and indexing of Shaanxi Railway Institute as example,gives comment on regulating library classification of the small and medium sized Library.


A good-performance high-frequency Phase Locked
Loop using a ring oscillator is described. A Voltag e Controlled
Oscillator with automatic calibration of frequency fluctuated by
proce ss and tempe rature variations is propo sed. The VCO
adopts new multiple-pass loop to improve frequency with
unchangeable stages (phases). The circuit is implemented with
TSMC O. I8um standard CMOS technology and power supply is
1.8V. Cadence and Matlab tools are both used to present
credible transistor and behavior simulation results .


The great interest in road pricing is because it is potentially to cope with the growth of travel demand and to generate revenue for transport projects. Various governments have been interested in introducing road pricing in their counties, but only few of them succeeded. The paper then presents experiences from implemented schemes. This includes Singapore's road pricing, in which the first practical scheme was applied to manage travel demand in 1975, and Norwegian's cordon systems, which was installed to raise revenue for transport projects around Bergen in 1986, Oslo in 1990 and Trondheim in 1991. The paper also reviews long development of congestion charging scheme for London, which was suggested in the early 1960s and has just been implemented on 17 February 2003. Finally, this paper discusses what we have learned from experiences in the development of road pricing, how road pricing has been developed from theory to practice.


Sowing is not usually possible immediately after seed treatment. This work was aimed at determining the effect of the storage of cotton seeds soaked with mepiquat chloride (growth regulator) on physiological quality and maintenance of this effect as a plant regulator. Cotton seeds from cultivar IPR 120 were soaked in solutions with mepiquat chloride in doses of zero (control), 2,5: 5,0 and 10,0 g a.i.kg -1 of seeds for 12 hours and dried in the shade in an aerated place. The evaluation was done through germination at zero, 30, 60, 90 and 180 days after the treatment (DAT). 60 DAT the seedling length was evaluated in paper rolls. Seeds stored for 60 DAT were cultivated in pots and plant height and cotyledonary knot insertion, foliar area and dry mater of leaf and branch were appraised for a period of 24 days after emergence. The experimental design was completely randomized with twenty treatments and four replications, using a random factorial (four doses and five time of storage). There was no emergence capacity and vigor loss up to 60 DAT and the effect of the plant regulator on plant height and cotyledonary knot insertion was maintained. Seeds soaked in mepiquat chloride can be stored for at least 60 days without physiological quality reduction and maintaining the reducing agent effect on plant growth, showing lower growth, even before the emergence, lasting for at least 180 days after treatment.


In Sargent v. Ross,' the Supreme Court of New Hampshire explicitly abrogated the firmly established common law rule that a landlord is not liable, except in certain limited situations,2 for injuries caused by defective or dangerous conditions on leased premises: 8 "We think now is the time for the landlord's limited tort immunity to be relegated to the history books where it more properly belongs."4 In sustaining a jury verdict that the defendant landlord was liable for the wrongful death of a child caused by a fall from an outside stairway servicing a second-story apartment, the court held that landlords, like other persons, must exercise reasonable care to avoid subjecting others to an unreasonable risk of harm5 and that the general standard of tort liability for negligence would henceforth govern the landlord-tenant relationship.0 The parent of the deceased child brought suit against the child's babysitter, a tenant, for negligent supervision and against the babysitter's landlord, who occupied the ground floor apartment, for negligent construction and maintenance of the stairway. The cause of the accident was found to be the dangerously steep incline of the stairway and a railing insufficient to prevent a child from falling over the side.7 At trial the jury rendered a verdict for the defendant babysitter on


Fuping County is located in the middle of Shaanxi Province;its dialect belongs to Guanzhong clusters of Zhongyuan Mandarin.Only through the comparison with its peripheral dialect can display Fuping dialect features and recognize them affinity-disaffinity relationship.They are all Zhongyuan Mandarin,but Fuping,Xi'an and Weinan belong to Guanzhong clusters;Qishan belongs to Qinlong clusters;Hancheng belongs to Haizhou pieces of Fenhe clusters.


This article discusses recent structural changes in Turkish higher education to draw attention to a number of social and economic consequences of this expansion in terms of mobility and inequality over the last ten years. First, we outline the institutional background of the expansion of higher education in order to identify various re-distributive dimensions of the policy. Compared to 2004, creating new universities and increasing the existing capacity almost doubled the college enrollment rates. Subsidies facilitating more education grants and fee waivers were followed by heavy investment in public student accommodation. This policy was initiated as a political move targeting regional development, taking on a redistributive character by reorienting public funds toward poorer eastern regions. In this paper, we limit our focus to the impacts of these policies on the local labor market. By using household labor force surveys between 2004 and 2014, firstly, we explored how college proximity had an effect on access to college for the local families. Our results from a difference-in-difference model provide evidence that this policy had an equity-enhancing effect for daughters of low-educated families in some regions with largescale expansion. The results also indicate that the regional mobility of educated workers may be slowed by this expansion. Secondly, we investigated whether the compositional change has affected local returns to college degrees and relative convergence across regions. Estimation results show that despite the increase in college graduates, returns in terms of wages at the local level are increasing and that some regional convergence was attained.


The following note has been drawn up in anticipation of the detailed accounts of the work done by me in Egypt on the eclipsed sun of 1882, May 17, which I am preparing to lay before the Royal Society, because as the next total eclipse occurs next May, there is no time to be lost if any attempt is to be made to secure observations, and I am of opinion that such observations are most important.


We calculate the pair correlation function and the order parameter correlation function, which probe, respectively, the intra-pair and inter-pair correlations of a Fermi gas with attractive inter-particle interaction, in terms of a diagrammatic approach as a function of coupling throughout the BCS-BEC crossover and of temperature, both in the superfluid and normal phase across the critical temperature $T_{c}$. Several physical quantities are obtained from this calculation, including the pair coherence and healing lengths, the Tan's contact, the crossover temperature $T^{*}$ below which inter-pair correlations begin to build up in the normal phase, and the signature for the disappearance of the underlying Fermi surface which tends to survive in spite of pairing correlations. A connection is also made with recent experimental data on the temperature dependence of the normal coherence length as extracted from the proximity effect measured in high-temperature (cuprate) superconductors.


THIS RESEARCH DEALS WITH PROBLEMS OF DEFINITION OF CRITICAL- AND FOLLOWING HEADWAYS AS WELL AS MEASUREMENT INSTRUCTIONS AND EVALUATION. THE EXISTING METHODS WERE FURTHER DEVELOPED AND COMPLETED: THE MOST IMPORTANT SUPPLEMENT IS THE DERIVATION OF A METHOD BY WHICH THE AVERAGE ERROR OF A MEASURED CRITICAL HEADWAY MAY BE CALCULATED. IN THE SECOND PART OF THE WORK CONSIDERATION IS GIVEN TO THE CONNECTION BETWEEN CRITICAL- AND SUCCESSIVE HEADWAYS FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF VEHICLES AND MOVEMENTS AS WELL AS THE DEPENDENCE OF THESE VALUES UPON EXTERNAL INFLUENCES. IT IS SHOWN THAT THE CRITICAL AND SUCCESSIVE HEADWAYS WHICH ARE VALID FOR THE SINGLE VEHICLE TYPE AND MOVEMENT EVENT AT THE SAME JUNCTION APPROACH MAY BE CONVERTED INTO EACH OTHER BY THE USE OF CONVERSION FACTORS, WHICH WITH GOOD APPROXIMATION MAY BE SEEN AS CONSTANTS FOR ALL JUNCTIONS. OF THE EXTERNAL INFLUENCES INVESTIGATED THE AVERAGE SPEED OF THE MAIN ROAD IS FOUND TO BE THE FACTOR WITH THE STRONGEST INFLUENCE ON THE VALUE OF CRITICAL- AND FOLLOWING HEADWAYS. IN ADDITION THERE IS THE INFLUENCE OF VISIBILITY CONDITIONS AND THE ANGLE AT WHICH THE AXIS OF THE TWO ROADS CROSS EACH OTHER TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT. THESE HAVE LESS EFFECT THAN THE SPEED OF THE MAIN ROAD. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF OTHER FACTORS, INSOFAR AS THEY AFFECT THE RESULTS, IS FUNDAMENTALLY LESS; SIGNIFICANT DEPENDENCE CANNOT BE DERIVED FROM THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS. ON THE BASIS OF THE ESTABLISHED CONNECTIONS A TABLE OF CRITICAL- AND FOLLOWING HEADWAYS IS INCLUDED WHICH CAN SERVE AS INITIAL VALUES IN THE CALCULATION OF EFFICIENCY OF INTERSECTIONS WITHOUT SIGNAL CONTROL.


Technique is not accidental, but essential, to human being. It is the homo sapiens sapiens way of life. There is neither pretechnological human life nor a hi...


Readability formulae targeting children have been developed, but their appropriateness can still be improved, for example by taking into account suffixation. Literacy research has identified the suffixation phenomenon makes children's reading difficult, so we analyze the effectiveness of suffixation within the context of readability. Our analysis finds that suffixation is potentially effective for readability assessment. Moreover, we find that existing readability formulae fail to discern lower grade levels for texts from different existing corpora.


A precision determination of the binding energy of the quintessential exotic meson X(3872) as a D0D*0¯ molecule has been made by means of a precision measurement of mass of D0 in its decay into three different modes, D0→KSφ, K±π∓π+π−, and KSπ+π−. We obtain M(D0) = 1864.770±0.024±0.077 MeV, and M(D0+D*0) = 3871.660±0.176 MeV. This leads to binding energy of B.E.(X(3872)) = M(D0+D*0)−M(X(3872)) = −0.012±0.248 MeV, using the current value of M(X(3872)) = 3871.672±0.174 MeV.


The Walsh models for the modulating Hilbert transforms is given.The uniform boundedness of these operators on L~p spaces is also proven.


Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease caused by protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium. The malaria vaccine which has been studied is designed to induce immunity to the sporozoite and to kill sporozoite-infected liver cells. A combination of bioinformatics approach and computational tools are used to screen and select antigen sequences as potential T-cell epitopes of supertype human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) alleles. This includes identification of epitopes from the transmembrane proteins sequences across Plasmodium genera. These epitopes have high target specificity with low mutational rate. A critical requirement of this strategy is the identification of stable peptide segments from the aligned multiple sequences of the transmembrane protein sequences. The stable peptide segments were identified by carrying out entropy analysis. Segments with low entropy values were extracted and made to interact with HLA molecules to generate better binding epitopes. Domains to which these epitopes belong were also identified.


The problem solving of the heterogeneous environment during integration of e-commerce with CIMS is discussed in detail. The environment uses the Web database and Java to realize automatic information exchange in B to B commerce. It uses CORBA to solve the encapsulation problem of legacy systems and dynamic e-mail to realize automatic information exchange in B to C commerce.


Among 28 children under 4 years of age hospitalized with congenital aniridia, Wilms' tumor subsequently developed in six and one had the neoplasm on admission. Five of these seven patients have not, to our knowledge, been reported previously, bringing to 22 the total number of cases known with this association. Although one child in our series had familial aniridia, all other cases of aniridia with Wilms' tumor have been sporadic, suggesting that the two disorders originate by common or concurrent gene mutation or by environmental effects on embryogenesis. The aniridia-Wilms' tumor complex includes an array of nonocular anomalies, providing further evidence that the neoplasm is but one manifestation of a distinctive syndrome.


Abstract : New tactical ground vehicles developed by the U.S. Army are lower in weight and capable of higher speeds than their predecessors. This combination produces repetitive mechanical shocks that are transmitted to the soldier primarily through the seating system. Under certain operating conditions, this exposure poses health and safety threats to the crew as well as performance degradation due to fatigue. The Army Surgeon General urgently required the Medical Research and Materiel Command to develop exposure standards for repetitive impacts that are relevant to the environment of soldiers operating modern tactical vehicles. A five-phase research study was designed to develop a standard for the health hazard assessment of mechanical shock and repeated impact in Army vehicles. The areas of focus were: epidemiology; subjective response; physiology; biochemistry; muscle activity; biomechanics; biodynamic response and modeling; field studies; current standards; and signal processing. An annotated bibliography was generated and the existing literature was summarized. Evidence exists that long-term exposure to vibration accelerates onset of spine disorders, and possibly adversely affect the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems. Few human studies have investigated physiological and biochemical responses to repeated impact, and none have investigated recovery. Distinct differences were noted in the mechanism and outcome of acute and chronic injury to the spine caused by exposure to impact and vibration. Few biodynamic models were designed to predict chronic health problems; however, important contributions have been made to understanding tissue stresses. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) guidelines for human response to whole-body vibration do not adequately account for exposure to repeated impacts.


SIA 'Radon' has been performing field tests of bitumen waste forms holding low and intermediate level wastes (LILW) for about three decades. The waste forms were made at an industrial bituminization plant from the actual LILW wastes. This paper presents results from analyzing the samples of the bitumen waste material taken from the bulky bitumen block with waste salts loading 31 wt.% after storing the block in a shallow-ground repository for 12 years. Rich in natrium nitrate NPP-operational waste was incorporated in bitumen. Salts were separated from bitumen in some waste form samples. Non-homogeneous distribution of both salts and radionuclides was detected in vertical direction of the bitumen block. Specific radioactivity of the extracted bitumen was of the same order as the specific radioactivity of salts, in some cases even greater. Bitumen samples free of salts were further separated into three main bitumen fractions, asphaltenes, saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons, using methods of solvent extraction. Essentially all radioactivity of the bitumen was associated with the asphaltene fraction. Aging of the bitumen waste form led to increase in asphaltene fraction content (with minimum 4%) and hardening of the waste material. The study has revealed a significant transfer of the waste salts radioactivity to the asphaltene fraction of the bitumen matrix. Changes in the properties of the bitumen waste form will be taken into consideration in modeling the long-term behavior of the bitumen waste materials under repository conditions.


65Background: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients (15-39 years of age) often report health insurance concerns and financial toxicity due to their life-saving treatment. AYAs often have...


. The irrigation technique that has been done by farmers so far has not been optimal in increasing garlic production. This study aims to evaluate the quality of garlic tubers with irrigation applications according to plant needs. The experiment was carried out in Lembang, West Java, in 2020. The method used in this study was a group design of 6 treatments with four replications. Treatment A (daily ET accumulation within two days), B (daily ET accumulation within three days), C (daily ET accumulation within four days), D (daily ET accumulation within five days), E (daily ET accumulation within six days), F (farmers' irrigation practices). The plant data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at the 5% level. Data analysis was performed using the PKBT - STAT 1.01 program. The results showed that the tuber diameter in treatment B (daily ET accumulation within three days) was significantly greater than control. Weight, weight loss, and water content were not significantly different between all treatments. The volatile content in all treatments was significantly higher than control. is carried out at 4-day intervals starting at 14 days after planting. Each time the application of the active pesticide used is different and adjusted to the type of HPT that is likely to attack. Weeding is done by cleaning the planting area from weeds that grow. Weeding is done every week starting at the age of 14 days after planting. Weeding must be stopped at the period of ± 100 days after planting or has entered the generative phase because it will interfere with the formation and enlargement of tubers. The method used in this study was a 6 treatment randomized block design with four replications. Treatment A (daily ET accumulation within two days), B (daily ET accumulation within three days), C (daily ET accumulation within four days), D (daily ET accumulation within five days), E (daily ET accumulation within six days), F (farmers' irrigation practices). Physically experimental parameters were weight, diameter, weight loss. Chemical parameters were moisture content, ash content, Total Soluble Solute (TSS), and Volatile content. The plant data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at the 5% level. Data analysis was carried out using the PKBT – STAT 1.01 program.


Winogradsky column is a relatively simple method to carry out the study of a variety of microbial processes laboratory scale. For the application of the method, it required basically a column of glass or plastic failing which contains an aquatic environment supplemented with a few chemicals, however this composition and supplementation may vary in their preparation according to the study in particular that you want to perform. As for microbial ecology is concerned, the column Winogradsky is a classic demonstration of how microorganisms occupy "microvoids" which are characterized by being highly specific in accordance with their environmental tolerances and what their basic needs are concerned. The process generated after the completion of the column consists of the fact that after incubating the same for a long period of time under sunlight, it is common the formation of a gradient of oxygen and other sulfides, which specifically determines a wide variety algae, cyanobacteria, Clostridium, Desulfovibrio, Chlorobium, etc environments where various species of microorganisms based on their specific requirements, such as arranged. The aim of this study was to conduct the column in order to identify the presence of microorganisms named previously formed in various environments, in order to understand their specificity based on particular requirements oxygen. The results obtained, allowed to evidence the presence of several microorganisms from different isolates portions of the column.


In educational circles, the assignment-recitation method of teaching needs little introduction: it is a read-recite method. The teacher assigns students a certain number of pages in the textbook on one day. The next day the teacher tests the students' knowledge of the material by oral recitation. The method is associated with a strong emphasis on day-to-day memorizing of isolated facts. During the first quarter of this century, a growing lack of faith in the assignment-recitation method spurred an intensive search for new teaching procedures. Several approaches were worked out, which their inventors called "unit" methods. The methods were very much alike. All of them, for example, set forth a series of steps or phases that teacher and student were to follow. In preparing a unit, a teacher was to draw up a statement of understandings to be attained. The statement was to be followed by an overview of the subject, which was to be used to motivate the students. Next, the teacher outlined the content to be assimilated and drew up descriptions of student activities. Finally, the unit provided for evaluation (19). Articles on unit methods that appeared in professional journals assumed that the unit approach-however that approach happened to be defined-is more conducive to student learning than the traditional assignment-recitation method. This assumption became the subject of much speculation, qualification, testimony, and empirical research, most of it in search of confirming evidence.


The purpose of this article is to approach Kim Soo-young's poetry and essays in 1960s as a new view beyond the fixed point that lots of studies have decided for the last several years. Most of the studies have concentrated on the historical event 4ㆍ19 revolution with Kim's writing, but those universalized perspectives could not resolve some problems : First, Kim who had reacted to sensitively the incident remarked that writers defected to North Korea even if the situation that people exclaimed 'freedom' and 'democracy' at the revolution. The next, the blame toward literary friends interacted just after Liberation age at the 1960s. These problems seem to be insignificant at first sight, but just is the most internal core of Kim's statements that appeared abruptly. The two problems above mentioned turn up in Kim's literature as figures of poets Park In-hwan and Im Hwa. What the novel 〈A Volunteer Army〉 represents, Im Hwa is the 'revolutionist' used to frequently be expressed "leftist poet", and he is the object of identification with Kim at the same time a 'gaze' made a guilty conscience by failure to the identification with Kim who could not participated in revolution just after Liberation. Cause of the blame is also the guilty conscience that Im's gaze aroused. His observational gaze that live phantom is a function as self-reflection not only about the revolution just after Liberation, but also the react to the following the Liberation(following the revolution). This reflection by failure of the revolution and 'following revolution' is called at the 'following revolution' 4ㆍ19 in 1960s. Kim constantly tried to identify himself living 1960s simultaneously following Liberation. And the symptom that revealed by that highly appraising writers defected to North Korea 'conscientious' himself, and denouncing literary friends including the Park who confused ideologically and could react to anything still remain South like himself. Kim's problematical remarks in 1960s was a symptom revealed in relation to revolution just after Liberation. His poetry and essays direct that he is constantly aware of Liberation age as the literary coordinate and the historical reference point, not only written rely on the affected passion by the 4ㆍ19 revolution.


Review on MuÌĹller et al. (2018, BGD): Alkalinity and nitrate concentrations in calcareous watersheds: Are they linked, and is there an upper limit to alkalinity? MuÌĹller et al. find a covariation of alkalinity with nitrate concentration ([NO3-]) in 'aquifers in calcareous watersheds in Switzerland'. For [NO3-] up to 0.25 mmol L-1 alkalinity increases linearly with nitrate, for higher concentrations is levels off never exceeding 8 mmol L-1. The authors try to explain these variations and the existence of a maximum alkalinity concentration (at 8 mmol L-1) by various processes. In a paper where alkalinity is a central concept (and the first word in the title) I would expect a definition or at least a


The increase in productivity implied by model-driven software product line engineering is weakened by the complexity exposed to the user having to manage a multi-variant model. Recently, a new paradigm has emerged: filtered software product line engineering transfers the established check-out/modify/commit workflow from version control to variability management, allowing to iteratively develop the multi-variant model in a single-variant view. This paper demonstrates SuperMod, a tool that supports collaborative filtered model-driven product line engineering, implemented for and with the Eclipse Modeling Framework. Concerning variability management, the tool offers capabilities for editing feature models and specifying feature configurations, both being well-known formalisms in product line engineering. Furthermore, collaborative editing of product lines is provided through distributed version control. The accompanying video shows that SuperMod seamlessly integrates into existing tool landscapes, reduces the complexity of multi-variant editing, automates a large part of variability management, and ensures consistency. A tool demonstration video is available here: http://youtu.be/5XOk3x5kjFc.


When it comes to the public dissemination of tornado warnings, past research would suggest that the amount of fearful language used by meteorologists and the time spent presenting life-saving information would have an impact on the public's willingness to heed such warnings. This research experiment uses the extended parallel process model to explore the role of fear and group influence in effective tornado warning message persuasion. Participants who thought they were giving their feedback regarding a live television program were exposed to a fake tornado warning while in a group setting. A local television meteorologist recorded the warning to help ensure the participants thought they were viewing live television. Results indicated that a fear-inducing tornado warning, even when coupled with life-saving information, could not overcome the influence of group inhibition.


conditions were far different from those in the cosmopolitan eastern centers that were home to most of the elite thinkers. Understanding the extraordinary changes and transformations of the American political economy necessitates dealing seriously with ordinary actors and their less-than-consistent ideas. By giving opposing ideas only cursory treatment, however, Hovenkamp drains the passion out of conflicts. The long, acrimonious battle over longand short-haul rate discrimination, for example, becomes a problem in American federalism. Reduced to a faint yelp are the contentious interests, conflicting regional perceptions, contrary conceptions of the public good, and parochial but nonetheless deeply held economic views of the numerous farmers, merchants, and state regulators and politicians involved in the issue. They may have held positions despised by those wedded to classicism, but their values affected railroad policy, and indeed virtually all business policy, in this period. It is unfair, of course, to expect one book to do everything; illuminating the classical tradition and establishing its connection to legal thought is a tour de force in itself. This terse study is filled with insight, making it required reading for anyone interested in economic policy and the course of liberalism in America.


Background: To measure the luminal diameters of major coronary arteries through micrometry. Methods: In this descriptive study, after incising pericardium, 0.5cm long segments of major coronary arteries i.e. right coronary artery (RCA), left anterior descending artery (LAD) and left circumflex artery (LCX) were taken at their origin, from adult male cadavers of up to 36 years age. After processing for paraffin embedding, 5µm thick sections were prepared, mounted on glass slides and subsequently stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Luminal diameter for each section was measured through micrometry, at four places along the planes at 45o to each other. Results: The mean luminal diameters of major coronary arteries i.e. RCA, LAD and LCX were 1.54 ±0.46 mm, 1.48 ±0.31 mm and 1.37 ±0.56mm respectively. Conclusion: The mean luminal diameters of major coronary arteries in Pakistani population are lower than those reported in international literature. This might be due to geographic and / or ethnic variation(s) in the histological structure of coronary arterial wall


This paper presents a numerical modelling J - V of a polymer solar cell. The results were compared with the experimental data based literature obtained on a glass/ITO/PEDOT/MEH-PPV:PCMB/LiF/Al cell, with a D/A thickness ratio of 1:4. We have varied the different parameters in the expression of the illumination current density, in order to find out their relative influence on the illumination current density. The conversion efficiency is small, but is compensated by the low cost of the polymer solar cells.


Graphene offers superior electrical conductivity and remarkable surface area, which holds great promise for electrochemical energy storage applications including supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries. Current preparation methods for graphene-like materials require relatively long processing times, extremely high temperatures within controlled atmospheres, and/or involve multi-step reactions that present challenges for high throughput fabrication of graphene-based devices. Moreover, supercapacitor devices fabricated using graphene typically exhibit low areal capacitance, which limits use of the devices. We report a photothermal route to large-scale production of graphene within milliseconds from polymers using high intensity xenon flash lamp on carbon fiber at ambient conditions. The xenon flash lamp provides large-area illumination and a wide emission band (300 nm –1100 nm) that was used to convert the polymeric material directly into graphene upon millisecond exposures. This photothermally heating of polymeric material led to the formation of macroporous few layer graphene-containing network with excellent conductivity, and good adhesion to the carbon fiber all of which facilitate the transport of ions through the material. The fabricated supercapacitor devices exhibited a very high areal capacitance of 200 mF/cm2 at 10 mV/s with retention of more than 70% of its capacitance even after increasing the scan rate to 100 mV/s. Anodes for lithium-ion batteries derived from porous graphene networks on carbon fiber resulted in the device with the performance of 170 mAh/g with mass loading as high as 12 mg/cm2 (including the mass of bare CF). The preparation of high-quality graphene via photothermal pyrolysis of polyaniline is amenable to high throughput processing, enabling large-scale production of electrochemical energy storage devices.


Introduction: Small volcanic vents less than 10 km in length or diameter form in clusters on terrestrial planets as a product of distributed volcanism where low magma flux over a broad area enables volcanic activity while inhibiting the creation of a long-lived central edifice [1]. The juxtaposition of central volcanoes and distributed-style vents at the Tharsis Volcanic Province suggests that Tharsis has been built by a number of magmatic production events of varying duration and magnitude. We characterize the variety of distributed volcanism in the region and test to what extent distributed and central-vent volcanism are related and to what extent they are independent processes. Small volcanic vents are ubiquitous in the Tharsis Province of Mars, between 21S – 40N, 76W – 139W (Fig. 1). Vents appear on the surface of Tharsis at virtually all elevations, from 2.4 km below mean datum in the moat of Olympus to nearly 17 km above mean datum on the summit of Arsia Mons [2]. Mapping: We consider the entire Tharsis rise our study area, roughly centering on Ascreaus Mons, with a radius of over 2,000 km, and an area of 13.6 million km2, one-quarter of the Martian surface. We define the morphology of a small volcanic vent to be a topographic depression at the apex of a larger topographic feature, such as a low shield volcano or a cinder cone. A vent is tens of meters to a few kilometers in length or diameter and its surrounding volcanic construct is generally one to tens of kilometers in diameter with slopes of 0.5-4° and a height of 10-1,000 m. Each identified vent is cataloged as a geographic point location that is situated at the center of the vent. Additionally, the endpoints of each vent are also cataloged to measure vent orientation. We interpret each of the small volcanic


In this paper, we applied combination channel assignment using the genetic algorithm (GA) to the channel assignment problem in mobile communications and performed evaluation tests. Combination channel assignment is a method combining the three assignment methods of repetition channel assignment, grouped channel assignment, and maximum channel assignment. A computer simulation tested a model with four patterns of the number of requested channels for 49 cells. In addition, the three assignment methods independently performed the channel assignment and at least two combined methods performed the channel assignment. The result showed that the number of channels used could be reduced by combination channel assignment compared to independent channel assignment using GA. And we demonstrated the ability to assign channels with hardly any effect on the assignment time when the number of cells was increased. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 88(7): 20–28, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20183


Applying Hierarchical Contextual Parsing with Visual Density and Geometric Features to Typeset Formula Recognition Michael Patrick Erickson Condon, M.S. Rochester Institute of Technology, 2017 Supervisor: Dr. Richard Zanibbi We demonstrate that recognition of scanned typeset mathematical expression images can be done by extracting maximum spanning trees from line of sight graphs weighted using geometric and visual density features. The approach used is hierarchical contextual parsing (HCP): Hierarchical in terms of starting with connected components and building to the symbol level using visual, spatial, and contextual features of connected components. Once connected components have been segmented into symbols, a new set of spatial, visual, and contextual features are extracted. One set of visual features is used for symbol classification, and another for parsing. The features are used in parsing to assign classifications and confidences to edges in a line of sight symbol graph. Layout trees describe expression structure in terms of spatial relations between symbols, such as horizontal, subscript, and superscript. From the weighted graph Edmonds' algorithm is used to extract a maximum


Demand Response is one of the most promising technology to improve the financial benefits of utility and consumers, reliability of the grid and ancillary services to the power system etc. Due to the growing use of renewable energy and electric vehicles in the electricity structure, the provision of DR from loads like residential buildings or electric vehicles has become out-dare. There are numerous challenges in the real implementation of DR programs for such customers. Therefore, in this work a novel potential customer identification process has been developed for residential customers which uses only the load profile rather than conventional pilot project data. This method can be used in countries like India where there is lack of field study data available to support residential customer selection process for demand response. The effectiveness of the customer selection process has been verified by a DR program with customer benefit maximization objective.


Wilhelmoya Subgroup rocks in Central Spitsbergen, Svalbard, form a potential storage reservoir for CO2 below Longyearbyen. These rocks are characterized by a moderate porosity and low permeability within which fractures are considered to facilitate fluid flow [1]. However, hard data on fracture parameters and pore characteristics were necessary to understand reservoir characteristics and assess the storage potential of the layers. Therefore, sandstone and conglomerate samples from the Wilhelmoya Subgroup were sampled and characterized with traditional laboratory test, such as Mercury Injection Porosimetry and permeability measurements, and non-destructive High Resolution X-ray Computed Tomography (HRXCT) [2] at the Centre for X-ray Tomography at Ghent University, Belgium (UGCT).
The analysed dataset includes samples taken from drill holes in the vicinity of Longyearbyen, constructed during the pilot phase of the Longyearbyen CO2 project, as well as from the Wilhelmoya Subgroup outcrops at two valleys, Konusdalen and Criocerasdalen, North-East of the drill sites. Doing so, the fracture and pore parameters obtained during analysis can be compared in both settings.
A multiscale approach was applied on the samples analysed with HRXCT. A first investigation was carried out on samples with diameters of 4 to 5 cm so that resolutions of approximately 50 μm were obtained in the CT images. Subsequently, subsamples were taken and examined at higher resolutions (2.8 μm to 4.0 μm). Quantitative information on the pore networks and fractures within the rocks were determined and pore networks were extracted from the HRXCT images. These were used for multiphase fluid simulations, performed to replicate CO2 injection at reservoir conditions in specific samples.
The obtained data, in combination with information from classical laboratory tests, can be directly used for a better understanding of flow in the Wilhelmoya Subgroup.


The Rural Inter Professional Program Emergency Retreat (RIPPER) demonstrated the most significant outcomes related to the importance of learning in inter professional teams and development of clinical skills, including clinical decision making in rural settings with limited resources. A positive shift was demonstrated in the understanding of inter professional practice as a vital component of improving delivery of patient care, and maximising patient outcomes.


Nurses are on the front lines of pain management, yet in Alabama and eleven other states they are not legally authorized to prescribe any controlled pain medications. In this survey of certified registered nurse practitioners in Alabama, 83 percent of the nurses responding to a question about the connection between prescriptive authority and pain management said that the lack of prescriptive authority for controlled substances delays pain management treatment, and 88 percent of those proffering an opinion about the importance of prescriptive authority said that expanding their prescriptive authority to include those medications would improve patient outcomes. At the same time, however, many nurses indicated that they are not adequately prepared to prescribe and manage pain medications. Fifty-five percent of the nurses responding to a question about whether they were prepared to make decisions when working under protocols related to controlled substances answered no. And 44 percent of the respondents to a question about the nurse practitioner educational curricula said that they did not feel their education had adequately prepared them for prescribing controlled pain medications.


Introduction: Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) is a complex trait with an established genetic component and recent genome-wide association studies have identified novel loci associated with SCD. However, identified DNA variants explain relatively little of the overall risk of SCD, suggesting that additional loci remain to be discovered. We hypothesized that use of the MetaboChip custom array would facilitate the discovery of novel genes involved in mechanisms of SCD. Methods: The MetaboChip custom array includes common and rare DNA variants previously associated with cardiovascular, anthropometric and metabolic traits. We conducted a case-control association study of 119,160 SNPs in 948 SCD cases from the Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death Study (Oregon-SUDS) and 3,050 coronary artery disease controls (CAD) from the Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium (WTCCC). Association analyses were performed using logistic regression assuming an additive genetic model adjusting for age, sex and the first 3 dimensions, from multi-dimensional scaling, in PLINK. Results: The mean age of the investigated individuals in the Oregon-SUDS and the WTCCC studies were 60.8±12.6 and 51.4±7.5 years respectively. A total of 72% of SCD cases and 80.9% of CAD controls were male. We determined a significant P -value cut off of 4.19x10- 7 given the number of SNPs tested in the study (119,160 SNPs). The most significant SNP was an intronic variant within the RAB3 GTPase activating protein subunit 1(RAB3GAP1) gene (rs6730157, P =1.22x10- 14 , OR=1.60). Based on in silico replication, we observed an independent association of rs6730157 in the Harvard Cohort SCD Study. The combined P-value of rs6730157 in the discovery and replication samples was 1.27x10- 15 . Conclusion: Our findings suggest that RAB3GAP1 is a relevant candidate gene for SCD. This gene is a key regulator of calcium mediated hormone and neurotransmitter exocytosis but further studies will be required to understand the specific biological role of RAB3GAP1 in SCD susceptibility.


The article considers the manipulative potential of the Internet as a derivative of such elements of its information resource potential as: information resources, methods of ensuring their accumulation, safety and effective use; information and computer and telecommunication technologies; information and telecommunication infrastructure (technological network environment of data transmission and processing); system of computer education and training and some others; developed information and telecommunication infrastructure (technological network environment of data transmission and processing) providing global access to information resources. It is shown how the constituent elements of this potential affect the principles of information and political manipulation, summarized in three groups: the main principle, the methodological principles, which include: the principles of reliability ("60 by 40"), entertaining, reliance on the "effect of habituation", reliance on the effect of "clean Board", emotional resonance, contrast, the effect of presence, forcing the situation of fear and uncertainty and organizational and technical principles, which include: principles of efficiency (timeliness), multi-channel continuity (sequence).), adequacy of the political situation, differentiation (selectivity), feedback, strict secrecy, secrecy and centralization and coordination of actions. It proves that the Internet possesses high manipulative possibilities at their careful planning and the choice of time of the performance.


ABSTRACT:
 A new species of Portanus is described from Guatemala. The distribution and key to the Central American species of the genus is also given.


Humans show emotion through different channels such as facial expression, head poses, gaze patterns, bodily gestures, and speech prosody, but also through physiological signals such as skin color changes. The concentration levels of hemoglobin and blood oxygenation under the skin vary due to changes in a person's emotional and physical state, this produces subtle changes in the hue and saturation components of their skin color. In this paper, we present an evaluation of facial skin color changes as the only feature to infer the emotional state of a person. We created a dataset of spontaneous human emotions with a wide range of human subjects of different ages and ethnicities. We used three different types of video clips as stimuli: negative, neutral, and positive to elicit emotions on subjects. We performed experiments using various machine learning algorithms including decision trees, multinomial logistic regression and latent-dynamic conditional random field. Our preliminary results show that facial skin color changes can be used to infer the emotional state of a person in the valence dimension with an accuracy of 77.08%.


Being leading cause of death in economically developed countries and second leading cause of death in developing countries cancer become giant problem. In India, 155863 new cases will be detected by 2015 and death would be 75957 hence, there is an increase in incidence as well as mortality rate. Many efforts are taken to control the disease by scientist and health organization, but still, it is spreading swiftly. Available treatment of cancer can prolong the survival of patient, but may cause severe adverse effects and obliterated the quality of life. Even experts believe that role of chemotherapy is complex issue at the end of life. Thus ray of hope turns toward palliative care to treat the cancer. With an aim to increase the life quality of the cancer patient, author consulted the classic text of Ayurveda. It was found that the disease resembling with cancer codified in the classic text of Ayurveda in the form of Granthi and Arbuda with Shodhan (curative) and Shaman (palliative) treatment and regimen to follow Aahar , Vihar , Dincharya , Rutucharya , Sadvritta , Yoga , and Satvavajaya treatment. Integration of modern and holistic method of treatment will definitely prove boon for cancer patient and will help them to enjoy meaningful life.


There is a belief among some firms in the cannabis industry that cannabis-infused edibles ("edibles") could be legally marketed under federal law if cannabis were descheduled from the Controlled Substances Act (CSA). Yet, despite this belief, many of these products would remain illegal under current federal law because they would be marketed in violation of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA). Some firms in the cannabis industry have further assumed that FDA lacks the authority to regulate edibles under the FDCA when such products are sold and distributed within the confines of a single state. While technically true—FDA's jurisdiction does generally require a nexus to interstate commerce—this understanding is too simplistic and may leave cannabis firms with a false sense of security over the legal status of their products. This article confirms that the present options for legally marketing edibles in compliance with the FDCA are currently limited and thus proceeds to evaluate an alternative approach: the development of FDA-approved, cannabis-derived botanical drugs. While finding that cannabisderived botanical drugs are viable from a regulatory perspective, this article concludes that the prospect of competition from recreational cannabis products is likely to discourage many cannabis firms from pursuing this approach. In the end, * Daniel L. Flint is an associate in the Food & Drug Law Practice at McCarter & English LLP. He advises clients across regulated industry on a range of legal, regulatory, and policy matters impacting the development and commercialization of FDA-regulated products. He also assists clients in submitting petitions to FDA and USDA, commenting on agency guidance documents and proposed rules, and analyzing federal legislation. During law school, he worked as a consultant for a biotechnology trade association on issues related to industrial and agricultural biotechnology and as a legal extern for the U.S. House Judiciary Committee and the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on matters related to intellectual property. He conducted his doctoral research in neurobiology pursuant to an NIH training grant where he investigated preclinical animal models of a rare, neurogenetic disorder. Deborah M. Shelton is a partner in the Food, Drug, Medical Device, & Cosmetic practice at Arent Fox LLP. Ms. Shelton helps clients navigate complex regulations for all FDA-regulated products, with a particular focus on drugs, biologics, digital therapeutics, and other medical devices. Her practice is informed by a strategic, rigorous, and pragmatic approach to client counseling gained from more than 20 years of serving in diverse settings, including in key external and corporate counsel roles. She frequently serves as the regulatory advisor in litigation involving FDA-regulated companies. Leveraging her extensive experience with Hatch-Waxman and regulatory exclusivities, Ms. Shelton works closely with her Intellectual Property colleagues on issues at the intersection of patent and regulatory, and she partners with her corporate colleagues to provide FDA regulatory advice on due diligence and other transactional matters. For cannabis industry clients, Ms. Shelton analyzes federal laws, regulations, and legislative proposals. In addition, she provides strategic counseling and regulatory advice to companies seeking to enter the cannabis market and assists clients with responding to shifting legal and public policy issues at the federal level. 2019 CANNABIS-DERIVED BOTANICAL DRUGS 213 this article predicts that the respective competitive landscapes for CBDand THCcontaining products may evolve somewhat differently and that ultimately Congress may decide to intervene in this space to preserve the integrity of a nationwide market for FDA-regulated products.


Industrial and Regional Benefits (IRB) contractors can meet their IRB obligations with two classes of business activities: either Direct or Indirect IRB transactions.


Abstract The age of the Internet poses new challenges to cartography. While cartographic animation has become a practical alternative, it is mostly used to depict both spatio-temporal and non-temporal changes. The paper concentrates on the use of dynamic symbols on a static base map. A visual test was carried out to obtain some perspectives about the cartographic communication of blinking point and line symbols. The results confirmed that dynamic symbols tended to attract the attention of the users in general and even in situations when the foreground–background contrasts were poor. Their effectiveness was more pronounced with symbols of a larger size but tended to diminish with an increasing number of blinking symbols. It was also observed that users were able to perceive differences in the frequency of flickering, particularly when the variation was large. The line animation method (marquee and grow-out) did not yield a substantial difference in visual responses in the case of blinking line symbols.


Photorefractive materials show promise for several applications including high density optical data storage, image processing (correlation, pattern recognition), phase conjugation, optical limiting, simulations of neural networks and associative memories, and programmable optical interconnections.1,2


This study uses density functional theory to investigate the structural, mechanical, electronic, optical, and thermodynamic properties of tetragonal LaRhGe3, LaIrGe3, and LaPdGe3 compounds. The investigated lattice parameter showed similar results to the experimental data, justifying the accuracy of our calculations. The negative values of formation enthalpy confirmed the thermodynamic stability of LaTGe3 (T = Rh, Ir, or Pd). The mechanical stability of these compounds was also verified by their single independent elastic constants. Poisson's and Pugh's ratios revealed that all the compounds have a ductile nature. The metallic nature of these phases was found from their band structure calculations. The study of Mulliken bond populations and charge density maps ensured the existence of a mixed character of ionic, covalent, and metallic nature in LaRhGe3, LaIrGe3, and LaPdGe3 compounds. Detailed investigation was also performed on optical properties, and the dielectric function, absorption, and conductivity again ensured the metallic feature of all these phases. The calculated optical functions suggested their potential application in quantum-dot light emitting diodes, organic light emitting diodes, solar cells, waveguides, and solar heating reduction. Moreover, the very low values of minimum thermal conductivity and the Debye temperature are indicative of their suitability for thermal barrier coating materials.


The invention relates to a method and a device for starting a combustion engine of a vehicle with hybrid drive, which has at least one electric drive (101) and which can be electrically connected via a high-voltage network with a high-voltage battery (102). The vehicle has a low-voltage network with a vehicle electrical system battery (103), wherein a DC / DC converter (104) is provided between the vehicle electrical system battery (103) and the electric drive (101). The following method steps are carried out: a) when the high-voltage battery (102) is discharged, energy is transferred from the low-voltage network via the DC / DC converter (104) into the high-voltage network, - the at least one electric drive (101) is accelerated by the energy present in the high-voltage network, c) the internal combustion engine is started by the accelerated electric drive (101).


The MPEG-2 transport stream is used in many systems for transporting multiplexed audio and video in a transparent way, providing time bases for the transmitted programs. Such information, which is called PCR and is also responsible for synchronizing the receiver, may suffer from inaccuracies, due to the processing chain between transmitter and receiver. This paper introduces a new PCR correction method named as the semaphore-controlled counter, which provides a stable time reference for the decoder. The correction module architecture is presented and compared to traditional methods, presenting lower computational complexity and hardware requirements. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective and provides small jitter levels at the output.


With Zhangjiajie for example,the two methods for measuring the sustainable tourism development were compared.As indicated by the method of ecological footprint,the tourism development scale of Zhangjiajie in 2009 was unreasonable,and the tourism consumption pattern could not be sustained.However,as shown by the index system method,Zhangjiajie tourism development in 2009 was basically sustainable.Through comparison,the two measurement methods differed in their footings,measurement sensitivity,measurement results,feedbacks and application scope.


Electrically and thermally induced transitions between ferroelectric and relaxor states are of great importance for Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3 (BNT)-based materials because of their close relevance to electromechanical properties. In this study, the electric field-temperature (E-T) phase diagrams of Fe doped Bi1/2(Na0.8K0.2)1/2TiO3 (BNKT) ceramics are constructed via an experiment and theory combined approach. A novel phenomenological model based on the Landau-Devonshire theory and the Preisach model is proposed to describe the electric field induced phase transitions. Using this model, an approximate free-energy landscape is obtained by fitting the experimental double polarization-electric field loop, and then the electric field representing ferroelectric and relaxor two-phase equilibrium is calculated from the free-energy landscape for the construction of an E-T phase diagram. The constructed E-T phase diagrams meet basic thermodynamics requirements, for example, the Clausius-Clapeyron relation, and, therefore, overcome some of the shortcomings of previously reported E-T phase diagrams for BNT-based ceramics. The relationship between the E-T phase diagram and electromechanical properties is also established. From the E-T phase diagrams, it is predicted that Fe doping could lower the threshold field of triggering giant strains of BNKT ceramics at a high temperature. This prediction is successfully verified by experimental measurement of the electric field induced strain. At the optimized temperature for strain property, the threshold field of triggering giant strain is estimated to be about 2.6 kV/mm for a 3.0% Fe doped sample, significantly lower than 3.5 kV/mm for the undoped sample. This shows that the E-T phase diagram can provide valuable guidance for the improvement of electromechanical properties of BNT-based ceramics.


Power distribution and correlation characteristic of cochannel interference are analyzed in ship-based passive synthetic impulse and aperture radar (SIAR) scenario. Characteristic of interference at interested range bin is estimated accurately using echoes from some positive and all negative frequency range bins after stretching with cosine weight. Thereafter, Karhunen-Loeve transformation is used to the echo from interested range bin and interference is suppressed provided that its power is stronger than radar echoes. Theoretical analysis and suppression procedure presented are confirmed by real data acquired in year 2005


Background: Iron deficiency (ID) is the most frequent cause of anaemia (IDA) in women of reproductive age and pregnant women. Recommended cut-off value for anaemia in women of reproductive age is haemoglobin (Hb) <12.0 g/dL and in pregnancy Hb <11.0 g/dL. Serum ferritin <15-20 μg/L is consistent with ID; Hb below cut-off values and ferritin <12-15 μg/L is consistent with IDA. Methods: Literature survey on publications and guidelines on the frequency of ID and IDA in Malaysia compared with Western countries. Results: Prevalence of anaemia in women of reproductive age is ~30% and in pregnant women ~40%. With advancing pregnancy the frequency of anaemia increases, due to deficiency of iron and hematinic vitamins (folate, vitamin B12). Iron demands in pregnancy cannot be fulfilled by dietary iron intake but require oral iron supplementation. If the mother has IDA, the newborn has a high risk of ID and IDA. ID and IDA have multiple negative effects in both infants and adults. Oral iron prophylaxis should start at 10-12 weeks gestation. Among pregnant women in Malaysia 80-90%, have low iron status and 38-42% develop anaemia. Consequently, the prophylactic oral iron dose should be 100 mg ferrous iron/day. IDA is treated with oral ferrous iron 180-200 mg/day and Hb should be checked after 2-3 weeks. If there is no increase in Hb, due to poor compliance and/or impaired iron absorption, or the anaemia is severe (Hb <8.0 g/dL) treatment with intravenous iron is indicated. Conclusions: In Malaysia, anaemia in pregnant women still constitute a major and challenging health problem. We are aware of the causes for anaemia and we know the solutions, so efforts should focus on better implementation of early oral iron and vitamin prophylaxis, early diagnosis of anaemia, and on increasing the low compliance of the women to the prophylaxis programs.


From Winter meeting of American Society of Mechanical Engineers; Detroit, Michigan, USA (11 Nov 1973). The probability of failure corresponding to specified levels of allowable design stress was calculated for pressure vessels designed in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. The analysis was performed for maximum shear stress failure and for cyclic stress failure. The significance of such failure prediction is ddscussed and a rationale for selecting an allowable stress is presented. Examples are presented that demonstrate the estimation of vessel failure probability as a function of load variation, strength variation, and design safety factor. (auth)


The non-government awards of science and technology appeared in China in the early 20th century,but developed in the recent 30 years since the open and reform.The survey discovers the non-government awards becomes an important part of the current Chinese awards system of science and technology,although its whole scale is still small.The scientific and technological societies are major institutions which set up the non-government awards for all the country appliers,with some foundations and companies and other institutions as supplement.Most of the non-government awards are given to the research projects,while the ones for scientist and engineer individuals are becoming more and more.Every non-government award has its own specific ordinance and organization,using nomination procedure and 2 or 3 steps selection procedure.In practice,some of the non-government awards are strict in the winner selection,but some are loose.Only a few of the non-government awards are reputed among the scientific and technological communities,but most are not for their short history,the derivative interest problem and insufficient fund and other resources.


A variable frequency constant pressure water supplying system for farmland irrigation is presented in this paper. The structure and functions of the system are introduced.


The properties of polymer alloys are strongly dependent on their phase morphologies. Usually, the phase dispersion and domain sizes are affected by the process and can be influenced and stabilized only "extrinsically" by dispersants and emulsifiers. But, there are some examples of alloys with phase morphologies which are "intrinsically" determined and thus independently of the processing conditions. This aspect of phase determining factors is discussed using four principally different examples of polymer alloys.


A 40-year-old man with Fabry disease, confirmed by decreased leukocyte alpha-galactosidase A activity in 2001, complained of sudden bilateral deafness, as evidenced by clinical history and audiometry. Magnetic resonance of the brain revealed features typical of Fabry disease. Other clinical manifestations of the disease included: angiokeratoma, mild proteinuria with normal renal function, lymphoedema of the lower limbs, pre-excitation syndrome, myocardial hypertrophy.


Through using the method of observation and statistics, this paper made statistical analysis on the using of shooting skills in the final stage of the 4th Women's Soccer World Cup. The main purpose was to point out the general pattern of world top teams of using shooting techniques in order to provide some references for our teams to improve the method of shooting training and fighting skills.


This paper analysis the welfare changes arising from a road project, undertaken as a public-private partnership, measured as the variation in utility, using a sequentially dynamic general equilibrium model. To circumvent the budget restriction imposed by the central government, the Azorean Regional Government embarked on a partnership to build a major road. The initial investment is supported by the private partner and, subsequently, amortised over a period. Payments are simulated through an increase in income taxes or a reduction in transfer payments, while taking into account the impact of the more efficient infrastructure through a reduction in the transport margins. It is found that under any type of repayment scheme the welfare benefits do not justify the road construction thus making it a poor investment decision.


We characterize by the use of free probability the family of measures for which the mulitiplicative renormalization method applies with $h(x) = (1-x)^_{-1}$. This provides a representation formula for their Voiculescu Transforms.


We study the nonlinear evolution of baryon acoustic oscillations in the matter power spectrum and correlation function from the improved perturbation theory (PT). Based on the framework of renormalized PT, which provides a nonperturbative way to treat the gravitational clustering of large-scale structure, we apply the closure approximation that truncates the infinite series of loop contributions at one-loop order, and obtain a closed set of integral equations for power spectrum and nonlinear propagator. The resultant integral expressions are basically equivalent to those previously derived in the form of evolution equations, and they keep important nonperturbative properties which can dramatically improve the prediction of nonlinear power spectrum. Employing the Born approximation, we then derive the analytic expressions for nonlinear power spectrum and the predictions are made for nonlinear evolution of baryon acoustic oscillations in power spectrum and correlation function. We find that the improved PT possesses a better convergence property compared with standard PT calculation. A detailed comparison between improved PT results and N-body simulations shows that a percent-level agreement is achieved in a certain range in power spectrum and in a rather wider range in correlation function. Combining a model of nonlinear redshift-space distortion, we also evaluate the power spectrummore » and correlation function in redshift space. In contrast to the results in real space, the agreement between N-body simulations and improved PT predictions tends to be worse, and a more elaborate modeling for redshift-space distortion needs to be developed. Nevertheless, with the currently existing model, we find that the prediction of correlation function has a sufficient accuracy compared with the cosmic-variance errors for future galaxy surveys with volume of a few h{sup -3} Gpc{sup 3} at z > or approx. 0.5.« less


We compute the cooperative and noncooperative solutions for sophisticated agents with Instantaneous-Gratification discounting in infinite horizon, as an extension of the work of Harris & Laibson (2013) and Zou, Chen & Wedge (2014). This research contributes to the existing literature to the extent that we compute multi-agent sophisticated solutions with Instantaneous-Gratification discounting in infinite time, and we place the results of the Instantaneous-Gratification model in context of the management of renewable natural resources. The conclusions withdrawn are applicable for resources of any kind and are suitable for settings where the temporal horizon is unlimited, but the duration of the short-run is large enough to dodge the future. The discussion of this work is useful for policy implementation towards exploitation of renewable natural resources under different forms of ownership.


The aim of this study was to find out how the communication process in a shared virtual environment (SVE) varies depending on which type of technical system is used. Of specific interest in the study was how common ground, a fundamental part of the communication act, is established in various computer-mediated collaborative situations. Participants in this study carried out a collaborative task solving a Rubiks-cube type puzzle in three different conditions: (1) in a SVE where one person used an immersive projection technology (IPT) system and the other person used an ordinary desktop system, (2) in a SVE where both persons used the same type of IPT system (though they were in different countries), and (3) in a SVE where both persons used ordinary desktop systems. By varying the technologies in the SVE conditions we wanted to investigate how the grounding process is affected by the different technologies used as well as by the combination of same and different VR systems. By analyzing audio recordings of the communication between the partners in the three conditions we found that the grounding techniques vary between the different conditions due to the characteristics of the technologies used. Most important to the grounding process we found were the technical possibilities of: hearing the partner seeing the partner and partner's objects sharing the view of the environment with the partner understanding how (with what devices) the partner interacts with the SVE Here we discuss how different VR technologies affect the grounding process. In the full version of the paper we will go into further depth about this, and also make suggestions of how to facilitate networked collaboration in the future.


We exploit tools from stochastic geometry to develop a tractable analytical approach for modeling uplink cellular networks. The developed model is load aware and accounts for per-user power control as well as the limited transmit power constraint for the users' equipment (UEs). The proposed analytical paradigm is based on a simple per-user power control scheme in which each user inverts his path-loss such that the signal is received at his serving base station (BS) with a certain power threshold ρ Due to the limited transmit power of the UEs, users that cannot invert their path-loss to their serving BSs are allowed to transmit with their maximum transmit power. We show that the proposed power control scheme not only provides a balanced cell center and cell edge user performance, it also facilitates the analysis when compared to the state-of-the-art approaches in the literature. To this end, we discuss how to manipulate the design variable ρ in response to the network parameters to optimize one or more of the performance metrics such as the outage probability, the network capacity, and the energy efficiency.


The paper briefly introduces coal gasification technology called composite pulverized coal gasification technology which is suitable for small and medium-sized nitrogenous fertilizer enterprises. This kinds of coal gasification technology solves the following problems in our country in small and medium-sized nitrogen fertilizer industry, such as only using anthracite as raw materials, severe environmental problem, high cost and so on, opens up a new way for small and medium-sized nitrogenous fertilizer enterprises in gasification raw materials diversification, clean production, low investment and low cost.


BACKGROUND: Standards for residual tumor detection after resection of brain tumors with have not been established. In the postoperative period presence of contrast enhancement is suggestive of residual tumor. METHODS: We report a case of radiological postoperative metastatic tumor residual, which upon repeat resection was found to negative for presence of tumor. RESULTS: We report a case of a patient with metastatic tumor whose immediate postoperative MRI revealed enhancement in the peritumoral resection area which was suspicious for residual tumor. Repeat craniotomy for residual tumor was offered the following day after the first resection and the enhancing area was resected. Repeat postoperative MRI did not reveal any enhancing lesion. Final pathology revealed features of gliosis without any residual tumor. A follow up MRI 4 weeks later did not show any enhancing lesion either. This report suggests that the sensitivity of MRI may allow for detection of new lesions which are not tumor. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that not all enhancing lesion in the immediate postoperative period represent tumors. Repeat surgery may be warranted only in those patients in whom the enhancement fails to subside with time.


Despite considerable research, the pathogenesis of prostate cancer remains poorly understood. Meanwhile, PSA testing has shifted prostate cancer case populations for study to include a greater proportion of asymptomatic and indolent disease. Thus, efforts to identify prostate cancer biomarkers—particularly for aggressive disease—are required to elucidate pathogenesis and aid screening efficacy. Current evidence suggests that decreased circulating concentrations of the testis-derived, TGFb family peptide hormone—antiM€ ullerian hormone (AMH)—may be associatedwith prostate cancer pathogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we measuredAMHconcentrations in prediagnostic (cohort baseline) sera using the BeckmanCoulterAMHGen II ELISA in 1,000 cases and 1,000 controls nested within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer ScreeningTrial. Controlswere frequencymatched to cases on age at entry, enrollment year, andyears of follow-up. Unconditional logistic regressionmodels, adjusted for age at randomization, were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). We found that prediagnostic serologic AMH concentrations were not significantly associated with total (ORQ4 vs. Q11⁄4 1.15; 95% CI, 0.89–1.48; Ptrend1⁄4 0.13), aggressive (ORQ4 vs. Q1 1⁄4 1.14; 95% CI, 0.80–1.63; Ptrend 1⁄4 0.51), or nonaggressive (ORQ4 vs. Q1 1⁄4 1.22; 95% CI, 0.91–1.63; Ptrend 1⁄4 0.07) prostate cancer risks. Different definitions of aggressive disease did not meaningfully alter these results. Despite in vitro studies linking AMH to prostate cancer, this first analysis of prediagnostic, circulating AMH concentrations in men provides no evidence for an association with prostate cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(11); 2597–602. 2014 AACR.


We investigate the structure and stability properties of compact astrophysical objects that may be formed from the Bose-Einstein condensation of dark matter. Once the critical temperature of a boson gas is less than the critical temperature, a Bose-Einstein Condensation process can always take place during the cosmic history of the universe. Therefore we model the dark matter inside the star as a Bose-Einstein condensate. In the condensate dark matter star model, the dark matter equation of state can be described by a polytropic equation of state, with polytropic index equal to one. We derive the basic general relativistic equations describing the equilibrium structure of the condensate dark matter star with spherically symmetric static geometry. The structure equations of the condensate dark matter stars are studied numerically. The critical mass and radius of the dark matter star are given by $M_{crit}\approx 2(l_a/1fm)^{1/2}(m_{\chi}/1\;{\rm GeV})^{-3/2}M_{\odot}$ and $R_{crit}\approx 1.1 \times 10^6(l_a/1\;{\rm fm})^{1/2}(m_{\chi}/1\;{\rm GeV})^{-3/2}$ cm respectively, where $l_a$ and $m_{\chi}$ are the scattering length and the mass of dark matter particle, respectively.


An improved continuous tabu search algorithm is developed for global optimization problems. In this tabu search algorithm, the aspiration level is introduced and the neighbor space of current solution is partitioned by a set of concentric hyperrectangles. The neighborhood of the current solution is generated by randomly selecting one point inside each concentric hyperrectangle and certain other points inside the central hyperrectangle. Experiments prove that the extra selection inside the central hyperrectangle can improve the performance of the tabu search algorithm.


An experiment was conducted for two consecutive years at Main Sugarcane Research Station, IIMT University, Meerut, India during 2019-20 to 2020- 21 to study effect of inter and intra row spacing on growth, yield and quality of sugarcane by using single eye bud sets. It comprised total sixteen treatments of four inter row spacing viz., planting of single eye bud sets at 100 cm row spacing (R1), planting of single eye bud sets at 115 cm row spacing (R2), planting of single eye bud sets at 130 cm row spacing (R3) and planting of single eye bud sets at 155 cm row spacing (R4 ), planting of single eye bud sets at 50 cm (S1), planting of single eye bud sets at 65 cm intra row spacing (S2), planting of single eye bud sets at 80 cm intra row spacing (S3) and planting of single eye bud sets at 90 cm intra row spacing (S4) were evaluated in SPD with three replication. On the basis of pooled analysis, the growth attributes such as number of tillers at 90, 115, 185 days after planting and number of shoots at 245 days after planting and yield attributes such as millable cane height, cane girth, number of inter nodes per cane, average cane weight and number of millable canes were improved. The planting of single eye bud sets at 60 cm gave significantly superior cane yield at harvest than rest of treatments. On the basis of pooled results, it is concluded from the study that for getting higher yield of sugarcane crop can be achieved with 125 cm x 60 cm (R2S2) inter and intra row spacing, respectively through single eye bud sets under west uttarpradesh condition.


In the article the control algorithm of complex organizational and technical system behaviour functioning in conditions of negative factors is worked out. The use of the algorithm will allow revealing the weak points of such system in order to carry out some actions to neutralize them.


The ability to model the mental processes behind the execution of complex driving tasks allows the development of driver assistance systems to be accelerated, by reducing the number of time-consuming and expensive studies required, and the improvement of holistic assistance strategies containing knowledge about driver behaviour. The production of a suitable model entails describing these mental processes such that the key characteristics of the driver behaviour being considered are captured. The description must comprise constituents which allow it to be expressed formally. In order to achieve this goal, the first task is to identify and model the cognitive factors, which are crucial when describing driver behaviour. A resulting single cognitive factor, which is composed of the mental sub-factors (SF) expectation, distraction, stress, and strain, has been developed and forms an essential constituent of our driver model. The cognitive factor has been defined such that, the individual SF are in multiplicatory relationship with one another. Each of these SF represents the visual, auditory, tactile-kinetic, and verbal information channel in each case. This results in a lattice-like network of relationships, which can be expanded modularly in horizontal (SF) and vertical (information channels) directions. The topology of this multiplicatory cognitive factor is presented.


DNA oligotyping was used to determine HLA‐A28 subtypes in 25 unrelated Caucasian individuals living in or around Seville, Spain. Results showed that HLA‐A*6802 was the most frequent allele, found in 14 individuals (53.8%), followed by HLA‐68.3, which was present in eight subjects (30.8%), and both combined represented 84.6% of A28+ individuals in the area. The HLA‐A*6801 allele was found in three individuals (11.5%), whereas HLA‐A*6901 was present in one subject only (3.8%). Results indicate that the distribution of HLA‐A28 alleles can vary among different Caucasoid populations. In this way, the high frequency obtained for A*6802 supports previous studies suggesting that the HLA‐A*6802 allele was prevalent in people of the Mediterranean basin, in contrast to A*6801, prevalent in northern European populations.


The ultrahigh-precision distance measurement based on a single laser frequency comb as the multi-wavelength source, together with an ultra-high-resolution dispersive spectrometer utilizing a virtually imaged phase array, was studied numerically. The simulations provide the component parameter optimization and the comb spectral images on a charged-coupled device camera. An ameliorated scheme was proposed through achieving real-time comparisons between the reference and interference signals captured on a camera simultaneously to improve both the measurement accuracy and the precision significantly. With the optimized data processing, the proposed approach is especially suitable for serving as a ultra-high precision relative distance measurement, and the measurement resolution can reach the picometer scale in optimal cases.


Why do some armed groups escalate their campaigns to civil war, while others do not? Only 25% of the 960 armed groups formed between 1970 and 2012 became violent enough to surpass the 25-battle death threshold, often used to demarcate "civil conflict." I develop a new theory that argues this variation occurs because of an information problem. States decide how much counterinsurgency effort to allocate for repression on the basis of observable characteristics about an armed group's initial capabilities, but two scenarios make it harder to get this decision right, increasing the risk of civil war. I use fieldwork interviews with intelligence and defense officials to identify important group characteristics for civil war and apply machine learning methods to test the predictive ability of these indicators. The results show that less visible armed groups in strong states and strong armed groups in weak states are most likely to lead to civil war onset. These findings advance scholarly understanding about why civil wars begin and the effect of uncertainty on conflict. ∗Department of Political Science, 100 Encina Hall West, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305. (firstname.lastname@example.com, web.stanford.edu/~imalone).