When we visit great cities of the world as a traveler, it is the host society's hospitality that gives us the right to lawfully enter and sojourn in that society. And the guarantee for our right to safety while sojourning as a stranger issues from the host's decision to accept the duty of hospitality. As a stranger to the host's sovereign territory, we are obliged to produce proper papers, passports and refugee certificates or so forth in order to enjoy the right to hospitality. Paperless strangers, meanwhile, are placed in the space of unthinking hospitality where the host/stranger reciprocity built around the duty of and the right to hospitality no longer holds. It could be a cusp where the stranger, whose entry into the sovereign territory is indefinitely deferred, is withheld, such as a terminal of Charles de Gaulle International Airport in the case of the famous Iranian refugee Nasseri: having failed to produce the refugee certificate, he has been living there since 1988 and is reported to have gradually lost all national ties and claims because of both untraceability and his own voluntary disavowal (reportedly he denies that he is Iranian). In this case, the refugee is simply left to live without an impending threat to annihilate his life; and this state of being simply left to live is just as much a matter of unthinking hospitality as is the annihilation of life. Both suspension and annihilation constitute life as an object of the exception to the law that, in turn, defines the normative conditions for life. According to Agamben, this state of exception is also a constitutory element of normative conditions for life in a sense that the bio-management that aims at producing a very specific kind of political life (as a form of governmentality, for instance) produces the horde of bare life (life that can be simply let live or be killed). That is, the production of life that can be governed is the same process that produces life that can be annihilated. Agamben describes the paradox in which an exception is transubstantiated into the universal norm:


The reaction of [IrCl(cod)]2 with ppol ligand, Ph2PCH2CH2CH2P(Ph)CH2CH2CH=CH2, in ethanol gives an iridium complex, whose structure is converted from an ionic form, [Ir(cod)(ppol)]Cl·2C2H5OH (1),in polar solvents (ethanol, methanol and acetonitrile), to a molecular form, [IrCl(cod)(ppol)], in non-polar solvents (benzene and toluene). The cationic complexes, [Ir(cod)(ppol)]AsF6·1/2C2H5OH and [Ir(cod)(ppol)]PF6·1/2CH3CN, were prepared to compare with the ionic form by 31P NMR spectroscopy. When carbon monoxide is introduced to 1, cod is replaced by CO to give the 5-coordinated complex, [IrCl(CO)(ppol)]. Hydrogenation of 1-octene was not successful in the presence of 1. In order to verify the reason for 1 not behaving as a good catalyst for hydrogenation, electrophilic reactions with HCl, I2 and HBF4·etherate were performed, which yielded the oxidative addition product, [IrHCl2(ppol)], the substitution product, [IrI(cod)(ppol)], and another cationic product, [Ir(cod)(ppol)]BF4, respectively. Thus, the iridium complex is not sufficiently basic to activate hydrogen atoms or the olefin of the ppol ligand.


Disclosed is an image acquisition method, applied in an electronic device which comprises an image acquisition means. The method comprises: obtaining a traveling control instruction which is used for instructing the electronic device to travel along a preset traveling trajectory; controlling the electronic device to travel along the preset traveling trajectory on the basis of the traveling control instruction; and controlling the image acquisition means to acquire an image on the basis of an obtained image acquisition means control policy, wherein the image acquisition means control policy is obtained before the electronic device travels along the preset traveling trajectory, or the image acquisition means control policy is obtained in the process that the electronic device travels along the preset traveling trajectory. The present invention effectively resolves the technical problem in the prior art of complex operation when a user controls an electronic device for photographing. Also disclosed are an electronic device and a computer storage medium.


Abstract The emission spectra of ultra pure single crystals of 1, 2, 4, 5. tetrachlorobenzene (TCB) and 1, 4-dichlorobenzene (DCB) at temperatures from 4.2°K upwards are reported. In addition, by use of the phosphorescence excitation technique the singlet-triplet absorption spectrum at 4.2°K has been obtained. The phosphorescence emission of TCB at 4.2°K occurs predominantly from a defect origin "X" situated 48 cm−1 below the triplet exciton band. The triplet exciton energy level is at 26676 cm−1 from both emission and absorption studies. This is the triplet emission origin when the crystal is above 12°K. The temperature dependence of the emission intensity from the defect has an activation energy of 40±8 cm−1. This value is consistent with our suggestion of thermal depopulation of the traps. Single crystals of DCB show strong excimer emission and weak triplet exciton emission. There is no evidence for trapping levels. The triplet exciton emission. There is no evidence for trapping levels. The triplet exc...


We thank Niebuhr et al. (1) for their important contribution to the discussion: We absolutely agree that measures of area overlap insufficiently handle the complexity of socioecological systems. As with Pérez-García et al. (2), Niebuhr et al. provide illuminating examples of exactly the "appropriate policy and regulatory" controls we call for in our paper to ensure true "minimal overlap" (3). Our analysis narrowly focused on direct land take as it is an oft-used stick with which to beat proponents of energy system decarbonization; see, for example, recent comments by politicians in the United Kingdom (3) about field-scale solar taking land from agricultural production when the former comprises 0.1% of UK land area (4) and the latter, by some estimates, 70%. As such, we felt that it was important to emphasize that at global and regional scales, there appears to be ample scope for expanding both land uses if planned carefully. We thank Niebuhr et al. for highlighting the importance of zones of influence and cumulative impacts. The median landscape area of global wind farms is 6.73 km (5), including an 800-m buffer around the outermost turbines, which makes the conservative distances used by Niebuhr et al. entirely appropriate. These increased impacts over a wider area make the colocation of renewable infrastructure with other damaging land uses, such as agriculture for wind and extant infrastructure for solar, even more important. Our analysis suggests, fortunately, that renewable energy siting— especially solar—is driven by many anthropogenic drivers over pure resource efficiency (6) (SI Appendix), indicating that this colocation is already common. Niebuhr et al. highlight the significance of infrastructure impacts on indigenous communities. Although we looked at the sustainability nexus through energy and nature lenses, it is of course crucial that the achievement of these goals includes the explicit participation of those most affected to ensure social, as well as environmental, justice. Indigenous communities' contribution to conservation is finally being recognized (7, 8). Renewable energy, done well with effective local participation, can similarly bolster local communities through energy decentralization and independence. Infrastructure impacts must always be assessed at the local scale, considering potential cumulative regional impacts. We feel that our analysis presents evidence that cumulatively, there is enough land for locally appropriate deployment of wind and solar alongside biodiversity conservation. Our analysis is therefore intended to complement local assessment, facilitating avoidance of impacts where they are deemed by local assessment to be significant (cf. our response to Pérez-García et al. (9)). Yes, minimal overlap does not mean minimal impact, but it does significantly increase its likelihood.


We demonstrate that proton and pion flow measurements in heavy-ion collisions at incident energies ranging from 1 to 20 GeV per nucleon in the fixed target frame can be used for an accurate determination of the symmetric nuclear matter equation of state at baryon densities equal 2--4 times nuclear saturation density $n_0$. We simulate Au+Au collisions at these energies using a hadronic transport model with an adjustable vector mean-field potential dependent on baryon density $n_B$. We show that the mean field can be parametrized to reproduce a given density-dependence of the speed of sound at zero temperature $c_s^2(n_B, T = 0)$, which we vary independently in multiple density intervals to probe the differential sensitivity of heavy-ion observables to the equation of state at these specific densities. Recent flow data from the STAR experiment at the center-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = \{3.0, 4.5 \}\ $ GeV can be described by our model, and a Bayesian analysis of these data indicates a hard equation of state at $n_B \in (2,3) n_0$ and a possible phase transition at $n_B \in (3,4) n_0$. More data at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2-5$ GeV, as well as a more thorough analysis of the model systematic uncertainties will be necessary for a more precise conclusion.


The eastern Great Basin is underlain by thick sections of Precambrian, Paleozoic, and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks that are intruded by Mesozoic and Cenozoic granitic rocks and overlain by Cenozoic volcanic rocks and basin-fill deposits. Part of the Paleozoic section is dominated by carbonate rocks. These rocks, along with basin-fill deposits and, in some areas, fractured volcanic rocks, form a regional aquifer system. This aquifer system consists of several individual flow systems that are separated by Mesozoic and Cenozoic granitic rocks and by structurally offset Precambrian basement and Precambrian to Mesozoic clastic sedimentary rocks. Aeromagnetic data indicate that magnetic anomalies of wavelengths greater than 15 km primarily reflect lithologic or structural boundaries related to granitic rocks and basement. The sources of these anomalies range in size from about 100 km/sup 2/ to more than 1000 km/sup 2/. Comparison of the distribution of these sources with water-level data suggests that the aquifer system consists of two main parts: one, mostly in western Utah, drains northward toward the Great Salt Lake, and the other, mostly in eastern Nevada, drains southward toward the Colorado River and Death Valley. These main parts of the aquifer system, in turn, contain smaller flow systems in which themore » influence of lithologic and structural boundaries is not as obvious. However, these boundaries appear to control the locations of some of the springs that drain the smaller flow systems.« less


Workers and thinkers in the field of the juvenile court have, consciously or unconsciously, divided in theory and in practice during recent years. By contrasting sharply their differing views, and by noting the various courts with these contrasts in mind, the writer purposes to bring out certain conclusions as to the present trend of the juvenile court as an institution. An analysis of the functions performed at present by juvenile courts will show to what extent the differences in their policies are reconcilable. One group of workers tends to expand the court's work to include many different services as the need arises or the budget allows. Another group wishes to limit the court's functions, or to transfer them entirely to other agencies. There are two conspicuous lines of thought in this second group, each equally plausible, which at first sight, however, seemed to the writer mutually exclusive. On the one hand, there is the statement that the functions of the juvenile court should be taken over by the school system. On the other hand is the argument that they could better be performed by fusion with a domestic relations court, handling the whole family unit.


A new approach having mechanical meaning is proposed for the systematic derivation of various Gurtin-type variational principles, in which the complementary functionals for the 5-field, 4-field, 3-field, 2-field, and 1-field Gurtin-type variational principles can be established more simply and directly. Both four variational principles given by Gurtin and more new general variational principles can be obtained. And with this approach, not only the intrinsic relationship between various Gurtin-type variational principles but also the derivation of variational principle which involves only the independent stress field can be explained clearly.


This paper describes a sensitivity study performed on simulated radar and optical remote sensing forest data. It presents how the dual model has been built up. The first step is a forest growth model fed with biophysical parameters. The geometrical description is then the input of an optical hyperspectral model, giving reflectance spectra, and a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) model, giving the polarimetric and interferometric observables. As an illustration, the first results obtained by both models outputs are presented, and fusions of these outputs are performed.


tion of employers with regard to labor. But the same analysis might be usefully applied far more broadly and deeply. Was different and more sophisticated technology the major factor affecting labor relations in the chemical industry? Did different technologies deployed at different chemical plants account for variations in labor relations? Did the specific technology deployed at the Oppau plant — high-pressure technology more prone to explosion than others and far more deadly when it did explode — account in large part for the accident that led to the exceptional behavior of its work force in the period 1922 through 1924? These and other questions remain outstanding. But they should not detract from the fact that Craig Patton has provided a useful and detailed overview of a long-neglected topic. This is an important book to complement both the literature on the German chemical industry and that on the inflation.


Often lot sizing and scheduling models have neglected the consideration of influence of product life cycles (PLCs). But, accordingly as desirable in a firm's production strategy, decisions of lot sizing scheduling may have to respond to the stage changes in a product's life cycle. In this paper, we propose an extension of the lot sizing scheduling, the multi-item, multi-level product-structure and multi-machine proportional lot sizing scheduling model by Kimms (1999), by the concept of PLC. The advantages have been realized and include both the setup and holding cost improvements and an improved lot sizing scheduling that better matches the products' demands in the PLCs. In addition, the combined effects of the setup (cost) learning effect and cash flow are examined in the model and the genetic algorithm is adopted as the solution aid tool. A numerical example is provided and demonstrates the advantages of this model and the effects of the factors considered.


Ever since they were first described and named by Boas in the early twentieth century, the determiner-like elements known as "connectives" in the literature on Tsimshianic languages have posed a puzzle: though the two branches of the family (Maritime and Interior) are otherwise very closely related, their connective systems appear to be quite distinct. In this paper, I produce a comprehensive analysis of connectives in both branches of the family, showing that the principal difference between them—the apparent case sensitivity of connectives in the Maritime branch—actually reflects a minor parametric difference in the pronoun systems of the two branches, mediated by morphological rules that are sensitive to agreement and adjacency, and that apply identically across the family. Boas's puzzle is thus resolved.


SUMMARY A set of earthquake resistant design criteria are proposed for reinforced concrete interior beam-to-column connections taking into account the expected deformation limits of a building. Although the shear failure in the beam-column connection is associated with the change in the shear transfer mechanism caused by the bond deterioration of beam bars within the connection, it is not feasible to prevent the deterioration. Therefore, some bond deterioration should be permitted, the criteria of which were determined on the basis of nonlinear earthquake response analyses of buildings with good and poor hysteresis energy dissipation. At the same time, the input shear to a beam-column joint is restricted in proportion to concrete compressive strength. The role of the lateral reinforcement is considered to confine the connection rather than to resist shear.


A modified version of LDMA is proposed as an ELDMA (Enhanced Load balancing Decision making using Decentralized Mobile Agent), which distributes the load equally among the Web servers organized in a mesh topology, by a communication media. In LDMA, the rank is assigned to the Web server as and when it enters the cluster. The rank shows the priority of processing a request by the servers in the cluster. Each server involves in the decision making for processing the request by exchanging the message. It causes high communication overhead between the servers. In the proposed scheme, a rank is dynamically assigned to the servers based on CPU processing time and memory utilization. In addition to that the communication overhead is reduced by restricting the message exchange between the servers. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated using load distribution, throughput and network traffic.


The invention discloses a system and a method for detecting defect of a crane jib. The system comprises a loading device, acoustic emission sensors and an acoustic emission detector, wherein the loading device is capable of lifting a loading table and is used for realizing the loading of weights loaded on the crane jib through the descending of the loading table, and/or unloading by supporting the weights through the ascending of the loading table; the acoustic emission sensors are arranged at positions to be detected at the crane jib, and are used for detecting acoustic emission signals in the crane jig load change process, wherein the load change process includes at least one of the weight loading process, the load keeping process and the unloading process; and the acoustic emission detector is connected with each acoustic emission sensor and is used for acquiring the acoustic emission signals detected by the acoustic emission sensors, and obtaining an acoustic emission positioning event at the positions to be detected, so that the defect grade of the crane jib is determined according to the acoustic emission positioning event. The defect of the crane jib can be detected by using an acoustic emission technology, and the accuracy and the reliability in crane jib defect detection are improved.


Abstract— This study examined the role of oxygen‐derived free radicals in the pathogenesis of gastric mucosal lesions induced by HCl/ethanol. Superoxide dismutase, and catalase, and their combination reduced gastric lesion formation in mice. Gastric lesions were also reduced in mice treated with cyclophosphamide or anti‐neutrophils, but not in mice treated with allopurinol or desulphated‐carrageenan. Cobra venom factor did not reduce lesion formation. These results suggested that oxygen‐free radicals may contribute to the formation of gastric mucosal lesions induced by HCl/ethanol, and that oxygen radicals were generated from neutrophils but not from xanthine oxidase. Anti‐ulcer pectic polysaccharide, bupleuran 2IIc, which was recently isolated from the roots of Bupleurum falcatum L., showed potent inhibition of HCl/ethanol‐induced gastric lesions in mice. Bupleuran 2IIc seemed to scavenge hydroxyl radical effectively. It was suggested that this anti‐ulcer polysaccharide may provide protection to the gastric mucosa by scavenging oxygen‐free radicals.


Abstract : The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the current state of the electric energy grid, the factors that influence its reliability, and identify the Department of Defense (DoD) requirements for secure energy sources at critical military facilities. This paper outlines the history of small modular reactors (SMR) relative to the DoD, the current state of SMR design, development, safety, and describes the need for DoD to pursue this technology as a viable source of secure energy in the future.


The performance of several transparent bearer services with bearer data rates between 8 kbit/s and 944 kbit/s are discussed for a multicarrier extension of TD-CDMA (ETSI SMG2 UTRA TDD). It is shown that the E/sub b//N/sub 0/ requirements depend only moderately on the bearer data rate.


The aim of this paper is to detail a fusion method for land vehicle navigation using (partial) GPS measurement and odometric information. We focus here on a global estimation method which uses the available GPS signal with partial GPS outage. The method deals with odometer and pseudo-range measures that contain the location parameters of the vehicle. This estimation problem is solved by a particle filter, which has proved its benefits compared to an extended Kalman filter, since it deals with non-linear models and statistics.


Multimodel ensemble (MME) approach would help modellers to know the advantages of individual global circulation models (GCMs) and to avoid the weaknesses associated with them, and it would help the river basin modellers to make appropriate modelling decisions. The study highlights the river basin‐scale development of MME as a convenient way to reduce the parameter and structural uncertainties in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) GCMs simulations after identifying the best five CMIP6 GCMs based on the rating metric calculations. Furthermore, the performance of the MME was enhanced by integrating three machine learning algorithms (artificial neural network [ANN], random forest [RF], support vector machine [SVM]). Subsequently, comparative assessment depicted the improved performance in MME‐integrated ML algorithms compared to simple arithmetic mean (SAM) in simulating observed precipitation (P), maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) over the Damodar River basin (DRB), India. The statistical metrics indicate that the SVM and RF methods yielded better results than SAM and ANN methods, thus selected for future projections. The robustness of the MME‐RF and MME‐SVM approach has also been observed while capturing the spatial pattern as IMD‐observed with well representation of climate indices for both wet and dry seasons. Future projections with MME‐SVM and MME‐RF suggested a possible rise in mean annual P in the range of 1.4–15% and 6.8–39% with an increasing trend in temperature (Tmax, Tmin) under the SSP245 and SSP585 scenarios, respectively. Replicating the spatial pattern of the future climatic variables projections evinced a warmer and drier climate in the southwest part of the DRB for both SSP scenarios during wet and dry season and thence warned a probable drier condition on the southwest part of the DRB in future time slices.


The title reactions occur readily. With acetonitrile chosen as the solvent, 17 of them were studied by kinetic methods. As is true for other MTO-catalyzed reactions, peroxorhenium complexes are the active species. Under the conditions of hydrogen peroxide present in large excess, usually employed here, CH(3)Re(O)(eta(2)-O(2))(2)(OH(2)) was the major reactive catalyst present. The rate constant between it and the dienes increase or decrease as substituents add or remove electron density from the C=C bonds, suggesting a concerted mechanism in which the double bond attacks a peroxide oxygen. Many of the products are diols, some rearranged, except when the stability of carbocation intermediates for epoxide ring opening are so unstable as to prolong their lives. When urea-hydrogen peroxide was used instead, the monoepoxides were obtained.


ON AUGUST 14, 2014, Pier Ferdinando Casini, chairman of the committee for foreign affairs of the Italian senate, attended the celebration of the first anniversary of the canonization of the martyrs of Otranto. Local chronicles, contemporary histories, and hagiographies reported that on August 14, 1480, after having withstood a long siege by the Ottoman fleet, around eight hundred inhabitants of Otranto, in the southern region of Puglia, were executed by beheading by the soldiers of Gedik Ahmed Paşa. After a centuries-long process that began in 1539, the martyrs of Otranto were beatified in 1771 and, finally, canonized by Pope Francis I on May 12, 2013. Pope Francis followed the path paved by John Paul II, who visited Otranto during the fifth centenary of the martyrdom in 1980, and by his successor Benedict XVI, who decreed on July 6, 2007, a few months after his Regensburg lecture, that the martyrs of Otranto were killed in odium fidei (out of hatred of the faith). Over the past centuries, the collective massacre of Otranto became a symbolic episode of local, national, and European heroism against "Asian barbarism." In 1880, local authorities organized a celebration of the fourth centenary of the martyrdom. The episode was ideologically reinterpreted beyond the frame of religion in order to emphasize the national identity of unified Italy (1860). The eight hundred became therefore "martyrs of the civil faith" because of their contribution "to saving the nation." Thus, the "new" and "resurrected Italy" should "reserve for them an important spot in its pantheon." Similarly, in 1907, the committee for the erection of a national monument of the martyrs of Otranto stressed the continuity between the battles of medieval city-states against the emperor Frederick Barbarossa (twelfth century), the resistance of Otranto against the Ottomans (1480), and the antiAustrian resistance of Milan and Brescia (1848, 1849). Eastern barbarians were


Indonesia is one country that is known for its natural wealth. Various types of flora and fauna living in this country. Examples of rich fauna that exist in Indonesia and can still be found at this point that one-horned rhino (Java rhinoceros), Sumatran elephant, Sumatran tiger, deer Bawean even dragons. However, over the times that make more and more people are not responsible for expanding residential land for private purposes and poaching that occurred in Indonesia, the animals are increasingly difficult to find because of habitats and their populations are dwindling. In this research, researchers applied a mixed reality technology with voice input to bring the Indonesian endangered species that has begun difficult to be found with the actual scale without having to disturb the habitat or environment. How it works is a mixed reality which brings together the virtual world with the real world. So that thanks to the development of today's technological world, users can feel the direct presence of these animals without having to hunt or look for them.


-This study aimed to find out the level of effectiveness of MathScore in terms of its learning program as assessed by the Grades V and VI students of Saints Peter and Paul Early Childhood Center.Descriptive Method of research was used. A survey was conducted last March 10, 2015 in the whole population of the Grades V and VI of Saints Peter and Paul Early Childhood Center with a total of 25 students. Questionnaire has two parts and was used to gather data of the level of effectiveness of MathScore in terms of its learning program. Percentage, weighted mean and chi-square were the statistical treatment used in this study.


The crystal structure and lattice dynamics of copper selenide were studied in the superionic (a) and the non-superionic b-phase. X-ray ¯ and neutron powder diffraction confirmed space group Fm3m for Cu Se with Cu atoms mainly in the tetrahedral 8(c) sites and a small 1.78 fraction in trigonal 32( f ) sites. Inelastic neutron scattering in polycrystalline a-Cu Se and b-Cu Se samples indicate the presence of a 1.78 2 broad quasi-elastic component and low-energy peaks in the dynamic structure factor S(Q,v). The quasi-elastic component is related to localised diffusion of Cu ions in the 32( f ) sites. The low-energy modes observed in Cu Se and Cu Se at energies of 4-5 meV are most 1.78 2 probably due to acoustic phonons. The phonon dispersion curves measured in a-Cu Se single crystal reveal the existence of low-lying 1.85 acoustic transversal branches with no marked dispersion at wavevectors higher than 0.3-0.4 q /q with an energy of about 4 meV. m


The thesis studies land use and quantitative relation of agricultural structure in the mining area using the linear programming optimization model,taking the agricultural land use of a mine as subject investigated.At the same time,the thesis discusses the establishment method of agricultural land use optimization model during the development of mine area economy,which will provide the scientific method quantitatively synthesizing for exploiting and utilizing mine area land reasonably and obtaining the best economic benefits and ecological benefits.


Railway-induced ground vibration remains an important showstopper, especially in urban areas where significant levels of vibration are felt by residents. This paper presents a theoretical study of mitigation measures based on the use of Dynamic Vibration Absorbers (DVAs). Such devices can be tuned to a specific excitation frequency in order to reduce the forced response by absorbing the corresponding vibration resonance. The presented work focuses on the specific case of the T2000 tram circulating in Brussels, where large magnitudes of vibration are recorded during the passing over localized rail joints and turnouts. In order to design the DVAs, a numerical model is established, based on a recently developed two-step approach, which includes a coupled multibody model for the vehicle and a finite element/lumped mass model for the track. The model is completed with a 3D finite element model of the soil to simulate the ground wave propagation generated from the dynamic interaction between the vehicle and the track and can be used to evaluate the vibration level in the surrounding area. Tuned DVAs are also modelled, taking into account the design of each element. Finally, several comparisons are performed to quantify their efficiency and determine whether they are more effective in the vehicle or on the track.


The range of applicability and the sensitivity of ferron-ferric iron reagent in fluoride determination are reported. Decreasing the concentration of the reagent shortens the range of applicability, but, increases at the same time, the sensitivity. The optimum pH range is found to be 2.6 to 3.8. Carbonate and sulfide interfere and should be eliminated beforehand. Sulfate interferes only when its concentration is greater than 0.03 M, while chloride and nitrate do not interfere.


In harsh weather conditions contaminants like water or particles from road dirt attach on the outer surfaces of a vehicle. This applies to the sensor systems of the vehicle as well, which is why they are separated from the environment with a protection window. In today's vehicles, a rain sensor can control the windshield wiper to ensure a clear view for the driver through the windshield. This technique can be applied to automotive light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors, which are particularly sensitive to contaminants. However, if solid particles attach on the protection window, the wiper cannot clean the surface properly until a cleaning solution is sprayed on the surface before. We present a method for detecting contaminants on this protection window using total internal reflection techniques. The proposed system is able to separate between liquid and solid contaminants, making the automatic control of a cleaning system consisting of a wiper and nozzles possible. Furthermore, the system yields a degree of contamination on the entire surface of the sensor cover which is of high importance for the data interpretation of the underlying LiDAR system.


Excerpt Although Todd and Thompson had recorded methemoglobinemia in chronic copper poisoning in sheep in 1961 (1), the occurrence of methemoglobinemia in man has been reported only recently in two...


Rotary compressors are widely used in small capacity refrigeration and heat pump Systems. Gas injection is an effective way to improve compressor efficiency especially when operating under low temperature. A novel design injects gas through the rotary compressor blade, controlled by a built in reed valve. CFD simulation provides valuable insights to help design engineers to verify, to analyze, and to improve the performance of compressors. For this particular application, besides modeling rotary compressor operation, CFD simulation also needs to solve reed valve dynamics with combined movement of the blade. In this paper, a full 3D transient CFD model of a rotary compressor with gas injection is described in detail. Real gas properties is used for the refrigerant. Methodology used to model reed valve dynamics is discussed. Simulation results are validated by experiment data. Effects of gas injection are evaluated by comparing the simulation results for the cases with and without gas injection.


Purpose: Mandible, one of the most prominent facial bone, is more prone for fracture. Various causative factors are reported in the literature. Etiology and anatomic site of fracture varies from region to region. Retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the etiology and pattern of mandibular fracture in and around Kolar. Method: Database of 369 patients, who were treated in R.L. Jalappa Hospital and Research Center, Tamaka, Kolar, over a period of 6 years were included in the study. Patient data including age, gender, etiology and fracture site were analyzed. Results: Men in age group of 21-30 were more frequently affected. RTA followed by fall was the common etiology. Most frequently encountered fracture was parasymphysis followed by body. Conclusion: Etiology, incidence and pattern of fractures reflects the compliance of drivers, poor condition of roads, ineffective implementation of seat belt and helmet legislation. Implementation of strict traffic rules and improving condition of roads would decrease the incidence of RTA thus fracture.


Why Is Demographic Research Important? Like the universe, the horizons of art education are constantly expanding. Imagine, if at any given moment, we could have a clear, broad, and deep perception of all the relevant conditions in play within art education. How would that aff ect our day-to-day instruction in our art room? How would that aff ect our selection of research questions we wish to pursue? What planning and policy decisions would we make?


In today's era the business entities have discovered M&A activity as the best tool to safeguard from the risks, gaining high profits through competitive advantage and improving the performance through efficiency gains and banks are no different. The no. of M&A activities in banking sector in recent times has boost up not only in India but across the globe. The present study aims at analyzing the change in the financial performance post merger activity in Indian banking sector. For this purpose a set of 5 financial ratios have been analyzed of the sample banks listed in Bombay Stock exchange for pre 3 years and post 5 years period and tested with paired sample t-test. The results depicts an improvement in return to assets ratio and least impact on earning per share and return to equity ratio in the merger cases taken as samples. The net profit and return on capital employed also marked an improvement in some cases depicting that merger as a whole has positive impact on performance of banks.


The transesterification of vegetable oils (rapeseed oil was used here) by low molecular weight alcohol is the most used method of biodiesel production. Since the reaction proceeds at the alcohol-oil interface, it is necessary to create a large interphase surface area using a special emulsifying attachment. We studied how the conditions (e.g., independent variables: molar ratio alcohol to oil, amount of catalyst used, KOH, time and temperature of reaction, intensity of stirring, revolution of emulsifying attachment) affected the quality and quantity (dependent variables) of the ester phase, i.e., the biodiesel. The amount of used catalyst was calculated with respect to the content of free fatty acid in the oil. The statistical system of Plack-ett-Burman was used for experiment planning. The relationship between independent and dependent variables was determined and described by multidimensional linear regression. Various statistical tests (principal component analysis, correlation matrix) were also performed.


The circle of issues, concerning the fixing, measurement and analysis of the relation: poverty of human development index, is outlined in this paper. The assumption that in the modern world poverty isn't a concept associated with the shortage of income is grounded. At its core the poverty is an expression of lack of opportunities for the person.


The consumption of two macrophytic algae, namely Ulva pertusa and Enteromorpha linza, by the adult gastropoda Aplysia dactylomela was studied for a period of 36 days under laboratory conditions. Animals were fed three times a day to satiation. Both algae species were well consumed and promoted increase in the body weight, body length as well as the egg production of the gastropoda. The consumption of Ulva by Aplysia was 22.5 % of mean body weight eaten per day, and was independent of temperature, but Enteromorpha consumption was 15.0 % and increased with increasing temperatures. Nevertheless, animals fed on Enteromorpha had a better growth rate and egg production than those fed on Ulva. The gross assimilation efficiency was highest on the algae giving the better growth (29 % for Enteromorpha and 14 % for Ulva). The study found that the detrimental thalli of Ulva pertusa and also that of Enteromorpha may eventually be controlled by the introduction of gastropods in fish or shrimp ponds. A common phenomenon in Japanese sea water aquaculture, during late spring and early summer is the rapid growth of macrophyte algae, like Ulva and Enteromorpha, when water quality parameters deteriorate. Initially the presence of the algae can improve the quality of water through an uptake of the toxic metabolites. Many researchers have shown the remarkable application of Ulva as a biofilter in fish and shrimp culture systems1-5). Nevertheless, uncontrolled algal growth, can lead to algal die-off, depleting D. 0. levels, and releasing large amounts of toxic metabolites in to the culture pond depressing fish growth and/or causing deaths). Shigueno observed that dead and rotten Ulva sp. led to heavy pollution, reducing dramatically the growth of shrimp, due to a negative oxidation-reduction potential of the pond bottoms7). Several authors have demonstrated that polyculture, using herbivorous species to control algal blooms in commercial fish ponds, is an effective way to improve water quality8,9). Very few research have been conducted on the control of macrophytes in sea water aquaculture. Some workers, however, have shown that herbivorous gastropod abalone could be cultured using Ulva lactuca as the main source of food, to convert large quantities of rich algal biomass into a high value marketable commodity10,11) The opisthobranch mollusc Aplysia has been reported as an efficient consumer of macrophytic algae, and grows much more rapidly than most marine animals12). Although various reports have shown the Received : March 22, 1995


National urban-development strategies represent government attempts to influence one or more of the following features of urban development in a national context: (1) a country's rate of urbanization; (2) the size of particular urban places within a country; and (3) the city-size distribution of a country's national urban hierarchy. Hungary's post-Second-World-War experience with a national urban development strategy is presented via a description of government efforts to affect each of the aforementioned features of urban development.


Increasing amounts of digital video data have become available with the rapid growth in video technology. As a result, there is a great need for automatic extraction of concepts or events of interest from video. In this paper, we present an approach for learning concepts from video. The approach consists of three steps. In the first step, video shot boundaries are detected, and from these shots keyframes are extracted, which are representatives of the shots. In the second step, key frames are segmented and a variety of features are computed In the third step, a classification by feature partitioning method is employed for learning different semantic concepts. The results are presented for successfully learning semantic concepts such as ocean, mountain, people, and building from a variety of digital videos.


The infrared and Raman spectra for the polyhalide ions (ICl2−, ICl4−, BrCl2−, and Br3−) are presented. From these data, the X—Y stretching force constant fr, the interaction force constants frr between bond stretching coordinates at 180° to each other, and the interaction force constant frr′ for bond stretching coordinates at an angle of 90° (for ICl4−) have been calculated. The values of fr for the trihalide ions are roughly one‐half the values for the free halogens, and the values of the interaction force constants frr are very large (approximately 35% the value of the stretching constant fr). These rather unusual force constants have been interpreted in terms of the description of the bonding in these ions using p orbitals, which was first suggested by Pimentel. In fact, these results offer rather strong support for the recent evidence from nuclear quadrupole coupling constant measurements of Cornwell and Yamasaki favoring this structure. Attention is drawn to the qualitative similarity between these f...


ABSTRACT: The decoloration effects and gel-forming ability of horse mackerel mince by air-flotation washing (AFW) was investigated. The lowest residual myoglobin content (RMb) and relative fluorescence intensity (RFI), the highest metmyoglobin (metMb) content and best decoloration effects were recorded for the mince washed with AFW. AFW also effectively improved gel strength in heated surimi. No significant difference in RMb was found when mince was treated with flotation washing using nitrogen, air and ozone. Although the highest metMb content and the lowest RFI were found for the mince washed with ozone, significant differences in whiteness were observed only when the mince was treated with a different gas at 10 or 20 L/min for 5 to 10 min. The physical removal of myoglobin was suggested to be the main factor contributing to accelerated decoloration with AFW.


Objective: To investigate the resistant mechanism of Acinetobacter baumannii and the distribution of integrons in Acinetobacter baumannii.Methods: Non-repetitive 54 clinical strains of A.baumannii were collected from the specimens of inpatient of the First Affiliated Hospital.The antimicirobial susceptibility was determined with K-B method and the integrons gene was amplified with PCR,the positive PCR products were sequenced to confirm the cassettes type and arrangement.Results: The susceptibility test demonstrated that the rate of resistance to monobactam,cephalosporins,aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolone were varied from 85% to 99%,nitrofurans had the lowest resistant rate,17%.The PCR results showed that 40 clinical strains had integron genome,the length of the products mainly were 2 200 bp.The sequencing results indicated that most of the type I integrons carried the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase genome and the aminoglycoside adenyltransferase genome,the insert sequence and the metal-β-lactamase genome were also detected in parts of these strains.Conclusions: Most of the prevalent strains of A.baumannii carry the type I integrons,the new evolutional mode of resistant mechanism developes in these strains.


A set A ⊆ [n] is a Sidon set if there is no Sidon 4-tuple, i.e., (a, b, c, d) in A with a+b = c+d and {a, b} ∩ {c, d} = ∅. A major problem concerning Sidon sets is to find the largest cardinality of a Sidon set contained in [n]. A trivial upper bound, |A| 6 2 √ n, can be given by observing that in a Sidon set A, the sums of two different numbers in A are all distinct, i.e. (|A| 2 ) 6 2n. By the works of Erdős and Turán [6], Singer [10], Erdős [4], and Chowla [3], it is known that the maximum Sidon set is of size (1 + o(1)) √ n. This is also true for the Sidon sets in Zn.


Acceleration sensor (6) with three layers (1, 2, 3), - a first layer (1) is designed as a support plate, is applied on the second insulating layer (2), and on the second layer (2) a third layer (3) is applied, from which a deflectable mass (7 ) is structured out, which is deflectable due to an applied force or acceleration acting, - wherein from the third layer (3) conductor tracks (4) are structured out, which are guided to connection points (20), - wherein the conductor tracks (4) against the first layer (1) through the second layer (2) and by recesses (10) against the third layer (3) are electrically insulated, - wherein the first, second and third layers (1, 2, 3) is a silicon-on-insulator layer structure formed, characterized in that is formed as a deflectable mass (7) has a comb structure (13) which is parallel to the surface of the third layer (3) deflectable.


The energy efficiency class and the indication of the annual energy consumption (included in the energy label) are renowned indicators and represent useful references suitable to compare different models, but the actual electricity consumption of domestic appliances may depend on several different factors. Among these, the behaviour of the final user that may considerably affect the actual consumption and that can hardly be taken into account when performing standard tests applied to the energy labelling of a product. In order to clearly identify the real performances of installed appliances and the impact of energy standards it is therefore important to implement on-site measurement campaigns. For this purpose a recent measurement campaign involving 20 households in Northern Italy has been carried out. The electricity consumptions of cold appliances and washing machines have been monitored for approximately 5 weeks. The main results present the daily absolute electricity consumption and the difference between actual consumptions and labelled values, as well the temperatures and the frequency of washing cycles for washing machines. The data collected have been compared to the results of previous campaigns carried out in Italy in the early 2000's. The main results of the comparison are: i) the average energy consumption of cold appliances is substantially lowered; ii) the cold appliances older than 15 years show the higher consumptions; iii) regarding washing, energy consumption of colder cycles is increased, while energy consumption of the 60°C cycle is decreased; iv) the behaviour is substantially changed, colder cycles are now more frequently used.


In recent years, there has been a spate of posthumously built works by Frank Lloyd Wright. Using the architect's archive as a kind of repository of designs that can be adapted for new clients, programmes and sites, these buildings stake out an ambiguous claim upon Wright's name and legacy. The growing body of posthumous architecture presents a range of often unacknowledged and unexamined challenges to Wright's celebrated canon of built works, and to the architectural discipline more generally, troubling conservationists, historians, tourists and foundations alike. These problematic buildings are the subject of this essay, which examines the contemporary appeal of Wright's archive and "brand," to open up serious questions about the authenticity, authorship and authorisation of an architect's works realised long after their death.


(57) Abstract: The present invention allows the substituted tetracycline compounds which exhibit significant antibacterial effect that was not available conventionally, associated with the new chemistry. Methods disclosed herein, the reactive tetracycline-based precursor compound, a reactive organic substituent precursor and a transition metal catalyst, the tetracycline compound substituted with the desired organic substituent is utilized under conditions such as those formed. In certain embodiments of the present invention, substituted tetracycline compound has a reactive tetracycline-based precursor compound such as an arene tetracycline diazonium salt, alkenes, substituted alkenes, vinyl monomers, reactive organic such as aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds a substituent precursor in the presence of a transition metal catalyst such as palladium chloride, may be prepared by mixing as will Do conditions tetracycline compound substituted with said organic substituent is formed. Optionally, such compounds may act as intermediates for producing the other compounds.


Image restoration has been carried out by texture synthesis mostly for large regions and inpainting algorithms for small cracks in images. In this paper, we propose a new approach that allows for the simultaneous fill-in of different structures and textures by processing in a wavelet domain. A combination of structure inpainting and patch-based texture synthesis is carried out, which is known as patch-based inpainting, for filling and updating the target region. The wavelet transform is used for its very good multiresolution capabilities. The proposed algorithm uses the wavelet domain subbands to resolve the structure and texture components in smooth approximation and high frequency structural details. The subbands are processed separately by the prioritized patch-based inpainting with isophote energy driven texture synthesis at the core. The algorithm automatically estimates the wavelet coefficients of the target regions of various subbands using optimized patches from the surrounding DWT coefficients. The suggested performance improvement drastically improves execution speed over the existing algorithm. The proposed patch optimization strategy improves the quality of the fill. The fill-in is done with higher priority to structures and isophotes arriving at target boundaries. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated with natural and textured images with varying textural complexions.


The paper gives the stage-structure model of single population,which harvests the adult population and young population simultaneously,and gives the optimal harvesting strategies taking the maximum sustainable yield(MSY) as the goal when two stages are harvested respectively.


The multiphase rotodynamic pump is crucial for the multiphase blending transportation process. However, desigining such pump with high hydraulic performance and good blending transportation ability is quite challenging because of its unique structure. This study constructed a multi-objective optimization design system, which combines the 3D inverse design theory, response surface methodology, genetic algorithm, computational fluid dynamics simulation, and multi-objective optimization strategy, to improve the multiphase pump performance. Five optimization variables, namely the impeller loading parameters (m1,S, m1,H, kS, kH) and the high-pressure edge angle (θ), were selected in this study. Furthermore, two optimization objectives were considered at inlet gas void fraction (IGVF) = 10%, namely the pump efficiency and the gas uniformity at the impeller outlet. The optimization results demonstrated that the pump efficiency and blending transportation ability would improve if the impeller blades had for-loaded loading distribution and the negative high-pressure edge angle. After optimization, the pump efficiency and the gas uniformity for the optimized impeller Opt1 improved by 2.6% and 18.2% at IGVF = 10%, respectively. Moreover, the internal flow pattern in the impeller was improved significantly, resulting in the maximum amplitude of pressure fluctuation in impeller Opt1 being 0.42 times that in the original test impeller.


Forest coverage has changed regarding to structure and size, which further causes forest fragmentation. Forest cover change of Samosir Island disrupts the forest ecosystem. This research were aimed to determine the land cover changes in Samosir Island of year 2005, 2011 to 2015 and to determine fragmentation degree in Samosir Island's forest. This research was carried out in four step such as delineation of watershed, image analysis, land cover changes analysis, and fragmentation analysis. The four sub-watershed of Samosir Island were divided into four aspect maps. Research found that during the period of 2005 to 2015, Samosir Island had 10 land cover classes; there were water body, forest, mixed garden, dry land farming, bare land, grassland, settlements, swamp, paddy field, and shrubs. Within the period of 2005 to 2011, the largest land cover change was 3.912,02 Ha of converted forest into mixed farm. During the period of 2011 to 2015, the change from forest to shrubs was 3.334,671 Ha and during period 2005 to 2015, the change from forest to shrubs was 4.137,277 Ha. The Samosir island's forest in 2005 – 2015 was classified as the lowest class fragmentation of the west sub-watershed, moderate class fragmentation of the South sub-watershed, and highest-class fragmentation of the north sub-watershed.


Еducation is aimed at individualization, improvement of the professional route and the process of professional training of future speech therapists. Of particular importance are issues of professional, personal and moral culture, which embody the positive socio-personal achievements of pedagogical skills, personal values and communicative interaction in the system of special and inclusive education to be followed by both children and their parents.
The purpose of the work is to determine the criteria, indicators and diagnostic tasks of formation of the professional culture of future speech therapists, to diagnose the state of formation of the professional culture of future speech therapists.
Diagnostic sections allowed us to determine the criterion-indicator base of formation of the professional culture of future teachers-speech therapists.
The culture of professional communication reflects the level of proficiency in reference speech in compliance with all established requirements of the Ukrainian language (orthoepic norms, lexical and grammatical design, etc.), intonation and content saturation of expression, degree of erudition and general tolerance, conscious and respectful attitude to the subject process.
Personal and professional competence reflects the degree of formation of value professional orientations of the individual, dynamic activity, non-standard and flexible thinking, constant enrichment of special knowledge, interests, skills, broadening horizons, creative understanding of non-standard pedagogical problem situations.
We have developed a set of diagnostic tasks for each of the selected criteria and formed a scale for evaluating their implementation.
Since professional culture is a complex concept that includes integrated personality traits, we have identified the levels of its formation


Alignment problems in computational biology have been focused recently because of the rapid growth of sequence databases. By computing alignment, we can understand similarity among the sequences. Many systems for alignment have been proposed to date, but most of them are designed for two-dimensional alignment (alignment between two sequences). In this paper, we describe a compact system with an off-the-shelf FPGA board and a host computer for more than three-dimensional alignment based on dynamic programming. In our approach, high performance is achieved (1) by configuring optimal circuit for each dimensional alignment, and (2) by two phase search in each dimension by reconfiguration. In order to realize multidimensional search with a common architecture, two-dimensional dynamic programming is repeated along other dimensions. With this approach, we can minimize the size of units for alignment and achieve high parallelism. Our system with one XC2V6000 enables about 300-fold speedup as compared with single Intel Pentium 4 2GHz processor for four-dimensional alignment, and 100-fold speedup for five-dimensional alignment.


Zone plates made by carbon contamination lithography have been successfully used in the King's College/Daresbury scanning X-ray microscope. However, in their original carbon forms these zone plates suffer from low (~ 1%) diffraction efficiencies, while the outermost zone widths of the higher efficiency gold copies made by contact X-ray lithography are limited to about 50 nm, smaller zones becoming unresolvable due to diffraction effects. In this paper it will be shown that, by shadowing a rotating carbon master through an aperture, efficiencies of up to about 20% in the water-window region and approaching 10% at shorter wavelengths are possible, by selecting the shadowing material and by coating at the correct angles and to the correct thicknesses to utilise phase-modulating effects. Calculated tolerances on the rotation and displacement of the zone plate under the aperture indicate that outermost zone widths will be limited only by the capabilities of the contamination lithography process, which has already demonstrated the possibility of better than 20 nm, and not by the accuracies of available rotation and translation devices.


Product quality is the base of enterprises. While enhancing the product quality the intensification in process control is necessary. In this article the content and scope of construction process control are introduced, and the basic principle and procedures of supervision of construction process are elaborated. From construction start to acceptance monitoring the process control of engineering quality is important and key link. Through the intensification of process control the product quality can be improved.


1. Benenson AS, ed. Control of Communicable Diseases in Man. 13th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association; 1980. 2. Heymann DL, ed. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 18th ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association; 2004. 3. Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 26th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2003. 4. Interim Pre-Pandemic Planning Guidance: Community Strategy for Pandemic Influenza Mitigation In The United States: Early, Targeted, Layered Use of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services; February 2007. 5. Influenza Pandemic Operations Plan (OPLAN). Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention; December 2


For developing an optimum free forging process to close and consolidate internal cavities in heavy ingots by direct forging alone, internal deformation and internal stress were investigated with Plasticine models. First, a method to simulate the material behavior with the existence of a large temperature gradient was established. The forging processes used were the followings;1) the conventional process which uses symmetrical upper and lower anvils2) a process called the FM process in which the upper anvil is of the usual type but the lower anvil is flat and larger than the dimension of the material to be forged3) a process called the FML process-where the lower anvil is the same as that of the FM process and the upper anvil is smaller than the dimension of the material to be forged4) the so-called JTS forging process which uses the same combination of anvils as that of the FML process and is carried out with a large temperature gradient in the material.Among these processes, the conventional process can effectively cause a large deformation rate at the center and the use of wide anvils in any process is also effective for a large deformation even without a temperature gradient in the material. For attaining compressive stress, that is, a higher hydrostatic stress at the center, it is effective even without a temperature gradient to raise the value of the parameter w/h (w: width of anvil, h: height of, forging material) or to carry out unsymmetrical reductions such as that in the FM process and the FML process. A tri-axial compressive stress state is considered to be effective for closing and consolidating the central cavities.


Abstract The effects of season, presence of vegetation, and time of day on seine capture efficiency for fish were evaluated using test enclosures in the upper Mississippi River. Overall capture efficiency of the seine haul was 49% (53% during the day and 43% at night). During daytime tests, the efficiency ranged from 39% to 74% but did not differ statistically between sites or among dates. At night, the efficiency was higher at the vegetated than at the nonvegetated site (55% vs 32%) and declined through time from 56% in May to 28% in October. Although susceptibility to capture differed among taxa, we could not predict either total catch efficiency or efficiency within a given taxon for a given sample. Adjustment of catch data with various estimates of efficiency reduced the mean absolute error for all sampling dates from 51 % to 24%, but the error of the adjusted data still ranged from −58% to +54% on any given sampling date. These results indicate that it is difficult to make accurate adjustment of catc...


Let A be an F-algebra and S(A*) be the metric semi-group of normal states of the W*-algebra A*. We show that S(A*) determines A, when A* is of type I. In particular, when A is either the Fourier algebra A(G) or the Fourier–Stieltjes algebra B(G) of a type I locally compact group G, the metric semi-group S(A*) determines G up to opposition. A remark for the general case will also be given.


We investigate the type of task auditors prioritize. Based on conservation of resources theory and an experiment, we predict and find that auditors tend to prioritize easy tasks over difficult tasks. We further investigate the effects of time pressure and psychological ownership on this prioritization of easy tasks. First, we find that auditors are more likely to prioritize easy tasks under conditions of high time pressure than of low time pressure. Second, we find that psychological ownership reduces the prioritization of easy tasks in low-time-pressure conditions but not in high-time-pressure conditions. The latter result suggests that interventions focused on improving job performance in audit firms may not materialize when job demands are high, such as under high time pressure.


Two typical optical knowledge of the Peking Magazine are explained and analyzed in detail and the recorded history of science and the optical experiments are compared with the present research results.The typical optical knowledge introduced some western scientific and technological results in time.It revealed slightly different from the present documents.


Introducion American Research Journal of Dentistry Coronavirus COVID-19 Outbreak & Dentistry; Routes of Transmission & InfectionControl Challenges and Responsibilities Raafat. Tammam and Amr M. Ibrahim 1. Associate Professor,Fixed ProsthodonticsDepartment, faculty of Dentistry, Assiut University-Deraya university 2. Lecturer, Oral & Dental Pathology Department, Faculty of Dental medicine, Boy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo -Deraya university 1 2 The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, originating in Wuhan, China, is becoming a major public health problem for not only China, but countries all over the world as well. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that outbreaks of the novel coronavirus have become a globally worried public health emergency. As of February 4, 2021, COVID-19 has been recognized in 235 countries, with more than105.000.000(one hundred and five millions) laboratory-confirmed cases and above 2.280.000 (million) deaths. To prevent the virus from further spreading and to help manage the disease situation, infection control measures are necessary. The risk of cross contamination can be high between patients and dental practitioners because of the characteristics of dental settings. Strict and efficient infection management protocols are urgently needed for dental practices and hospitals in areas which are (potentially) affected by COVID-19. This article, based on our experience and relevant guidelines and research, introduces essential knowledge about COVID-19 and nosocomial infection in dental settings and provides recommended management protocols for dental practitioners and students in (potentially) affected


Fluctuation-induced magnetization of Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8+δ single crystal with Tc ≈ 105 K was studied near the critical region around Tc(H) based on the scaling formula. The analysis showed that this compound exhibits two-dimensional (2D) characters, which is very reasonable, considering quasi-2D nature of its crystal structure. The estimated dHc2(║c)/dT│Tc was consistent with the reported value, which was obtained from Hao-Clem analysis.


The purpose of this study is to propose new marketing strategies for quite competitive fitness industry with analysis of relational benefits, relational commitment, customer loyalty of business fitness center. For this study, 350 questionnaires were given to Seoul and Gyeong-gi fitness center customers. Data were analyzed through, frequency analysis, exploratory analysis, reliability analysis and correlation analysis using SPSS Windows V 18.0 The statistical significance level was set at α<.05. The research results are as per the below. First, relational benefits had significant influence on relational commitment. Secondly, relational benefits had significant influ-ence on customer loyalty. Third, relational commitment had significant influence customer loyalty. Fourth, re-lational commitment mediated between the relational benefits and customer loyalty.


Two male Ixodes trianguliceps Birula were found feeding on females of the same species. Males leave distinct scars on the females following detachment. 27.8 % of 162 studied females had been attacked by males in this way. The number of scars increased with increasing degree of engorgment. In partially fed females the scar frequency was 41 %. Attachment was more numerous near the female genital opening, suggesting that males normally feed in connection with copulation. The high scar frequency on fed females suggests that copulation normally occurs on the small mammal host.


This study investigates how the extraction of natural resources affects the probability of conflict on a subnational level. Four hypotheses are tested using five sets of LPM-regressions. The hypoth ...


We give a subclass L of Non-linear Lalley-Gatzouras carpets and an open set U in L such that any carpet in U has a unique ergodic measure of full dimension. In particular, any Lalley-Gatzouras carpet which is close to a non-trivial general Sierpinski carpet has a unique ergodic measure of full dimension.


To evaluate the effect of radiofrequency surgery of the soft palate on daytime sleepiness in snoring men with mild or no sleep apnea.


Page 574, line 6, for "d2" read "d2."

Page 574, line 8, for "d2" read "d2."

Page 574, formula just before table 7, for "d2" read "d2."

Page 574, third and line fourth of the first column of table 7, for "d2" read "d2


Garnet-structured Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12 (LLZTO) is one of the most promising electrolyte materials for solid-state Li batteries (SS-LiB). The design and fabrication of a good cathode/electrolyte interface is an important criterion for the SS-LiB. In this work, we performed a systematic study on the impact of cathode crystal structure and chemical compositions on their chemical stabilities against the LLZTO at elevated temperatures, which are required for their adhesion during cell fabrication processes. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld refinement analyses revealed the chemical stabilities of various cathode materials in contact with the LLZTO. While layered LiCoO2 cathode showed good stability in contact with LLZTO to 900 oC, LiNiO2 or Ni-rich LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 (NMC) cathodes suffered from the formation of La4NiLiO8 due to La-diffusion from LLZTO. Mn-rich LiMn2O4 spinel and layered LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathodes suffered from the formation of La2Zr2O7 due to Li-diffusion and production of Li2MnO3. As a result, LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2, having an ideal balance of Ni/Mn/Co composition, or Li2MnO3 containing cathodes such as Li1.2Ni0.15Mn0.55Co0.1O2 were found to having excellent phase stability as the cathodes for LLZTO-based SS-LiBs.


We studied the effect of increasing systemic oxygen delivery (&U1E0A;o2) by packed RBC (PRBC) transfusion on oxygen consumption (&OV0312;o2) in children with hyperdynamic septic shock. After routine resuscitation with volume loading and pharmacologic support, patients were studied if they had significant derangements of oxygen transport variables defined as: baseline &OV0312;o2 <180 ml/min·m2 and oxygen extraction (O2 extr) <24%. Eight studies were performed. PRBC transfusion increased &U1E0A;o2 from 636 ± 167 to 828 ± 266 ml/min·m2 (p < .01) without increasing cardiac index (5.2 ± 1.3 vs. 5.0 ± 1.4 L/min·m2). &OV0312;o2 increased from 112 ± 36 to 157 ± 60 ml/min·m2 (p < .01) while O2 extr was unchanged (18 ± 3% vs. 19 ± 6%). Despite initial low O2 extr, &OV0312;o2 can be increased in pediatric septic shock by a further increase in &U1E0A;o2. Since &OV0312;o2 correlates with survival, one should consider enhancing &U1E0A;o2 further despite initial low O2 extr and high &U1E0A;o2. Effects on morbidity and mortality require further study.


AIMS
To analyze the validity of the single deck 64-card Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST-64) compared to the standard version (WCST-128), and to study the sensibility of both versions to identify changes over time in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

PATIENTS AND METHODS
The WCST was administered twice across a 6-month period to a sample of 50 patients with TBI. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to examine bivariate associations between WCST-128 scores and the corresponding WCST-64 scores at inclusion and at follow-up. Agreement in classification of impairment (z = -1) or normal performance was calculated for the two tests (kappa). Significant change over time was also analyzed for both versions of the test (paired-samples t test).

RESULTS
The results revealed positive and significant correlations between both measures as well as a significant agreement in the classification of patients as having deficits or not. Moreover, the WCST-128 and the WCST-64 showed similar ability to identify changes over time.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings showed strong associations between scores derived from the two test and support the comparability of both versions when analyzing cross-sectional or longitudinal data. The findings support the use of the WCST-64 in evaluations of executive deficits of patients with moderate and severe TBI.


Laparoscopic ablation therapy is an attractive modality for localized hepatocellular carcinoma. It is an optimal treatment in patients with superficial tumors, tumors adjacent to other vital organs, or tumors difficult to access by percutaneous procedure. Laparoscopic access allows for easier detection and more accurate targeting of the tumor compared with percutaneous access and can minimize complications. In addition, this novel technique is favorable in terms of the length of hospital stay and cost‐effectiveness because it is completed in a single session. Characteristics and therapeutic potential of laparoscopic ablation therapy are summarized and compared with other therapeutic modalities in this review.


Graphene is a 2D material with spectacular properties. Its elasticity and biocompatibility make it appropriate for stretchable electronics and bioelectronics applications respectfully. In this work, we present the design of a Graphene Nanoribbon (GNR) based XOR gate and a 3-input XOR gate, extending the universal set of AND, NOT, OR gates already presented in literature, and verifying their operation by computing its conductance. Our proposed topology allows XOR gate scaling from 2-inputs to 3-inputs with zero increase in active area. Moreover, it operates when deposited on a wide range of substrates, due to the lack of back gate bias, enabling its possible use in stretchable and biocompatible electronics applications.


A detailed list of alternative publications in Australia is given. The publications provided information on a range of perceived alternatives, which acted as communicators between various alternative organizations and the interested public. The alternative media helped to generate a sense of movement and became vehicles of communication within the movement.


Cataracta ossea is described in a 5‐year‐old Danish boy, representing a sequal to a unilateral measles‐endophthalmitis 3 years earlier. Ossification was not demonstrated elsewhere in the eye.


Simple Summary The present review collects data regarding the presence of ASICs (acid-sensing ion channels) in zebrafish, which have become, over several years, an important experimental model for the study of various diseases. ASICs are a family of ion channels involved in the perception of different types of stimuli. They are excitatory receptors for extracellular H+ involved in synaptic transmission, the peripheral perception of pain and in chemical or mechanosensation. Abstract The ASICs, in mammals as in fish, control deviations from the physiological values of extracellular pH, and are involved in mechanoreception, nociception, or taste receptions. They are widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system. In this review, we summarized the data about the presence and localization of ASICs in different organs of zebrafish that represent one of the most used experimental models for the study of several diseases. In particular, we analyzed the data obtained by immunohistochemical and molecular biology techniques concerning the presence and expression of ASICs in the sensory organs, such as the olfactory rosette, lateral line, inner ear, taste buds, and in the gut and brain of zebrafish.


LET me, by way of introductio1, refer to an inici(lei1t from the life of SiIr Williamii Boi-wman wi7hich brings us at olnco into close touchl with his personality. In 1863 -thie fie-v b)ut -arlm-h1ear ted surgical dictator of the time, Jam1es Svnie Regius Professor of Clinical Surgery in the Universitof Ediniburglh, anid fatlher-ini-law of Joseph Lister, had publicly conidemned the. operation of iridectomnl)roposedl


: This article contends that Socratic wisdom (sophia) in Plato's Apology should be understood in relation to moderation (sophrosune), not knowledge (episteme). This stance is exemplified in an interpretation of Socrates' disavowal of knowledge. The god calls Socrates wise. Socrates holds both that he is wise in nothing great or small and that the god does not lie. These apparently inconsistent claims are resolved in an interpretation of elenchus. This interpretion says that Socrates is wise insofar as he does not believe himself to know what he does not know. Whether one knows is demonstrated through elenchus, which moderates between knowledge claims. Thus, elenchus is productive of a kind of wisdom even if it does not produce knowledge. This claim, if true, forms a suitable basis for Socrates' defense of himself. That it does so serves as further evidence for the interpretation of sophia as sophrosune.


In order to reduce conservative performances resulted in by the application of the Lyapunov function to the analysis of a linear parameter-varying system,the relationships of the stability and L2-gain of the system with the subsection and changing rate of parameters were investigated.By considering the subsection and changing rate of parameters together,a design method for linear parameter-varying systems was put forward based on LMI(linear matrix inequality).Simulation results show that the system is robust and external disturbance is outstandingly restrained to prove this method applicable to all kinds of linear parameter-varying systems.


■ This study examined the ideas and beliefs about the care of children in Accident and Emergency (A&E) among a group of experienced nurses. ■ The study was set in a single A&E department, during a time when a new paediatric area was being developed. ■ Semi-structured interviews were used to generate qualitative data ■ Seven main themes emerged from the data, namely: priority of children in A&E; the role of the paediatric trained nurse in A&E; fear of dealing with children; staffing issues; a separate area for children; isolation; and motivation of staff. ■ Further discussion of these issues, in the context of existing literature, confirmed the inherent difficulties in dealing with children in a predominantly adult environment.


In a number of high energy ( or = 1 TeV/amu) nucleus-nucleus collisions observed in Japanese-American Cooperative Emulsion Experiment (JACEE) emulsion chambers, nonrandom spatial association of produced charged particles, mostly hadronic pairs, are observed. Similar narrow pairs are observed in about 100 events at much low energy (20 to 60 GeV/amu). Analysis shows that 30 to 50% of Pair abundances are understood by the Hambury-Brown-Twiss effect, and the remainder seems to require other explanations.


An emission line with energy of $E\sim 3.5$ keV has been observed in galaxy clusters by two experiments. The emission line is consistent with the decay of a dark matter particle with a mass of $\sim 7$ keV. In this work we discuss the possibility that the dark particle responsible for the emission is a real scalar ($\rho$) which arises naturally in a $U(1)_X$ Stueckelberg of MSSM. In the MSSM Stueckelberg extension $\rho$ couples only to other scalars carrying a $U(1)_X$ quantum number. Under the assumption that there exists a vectorlike leptonic generation carrying both $SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$ and $U(1)_X$ quantum numbers, we compute the decay of the $\rho$ into two photons via a triangle loop involving scalars. The relic density of the $\rho$ arises via the decay $H^0\to h^0+ \rho$ at the loop level involving scalars, and via the annihilation processes of the vectorlike scalars into $\rho + h^0$. It is shown that the galactic data can be explained within a multicomponent dark matter model where the 7 keV dark matter is a subdominant component constituting only $(1-10)$\% of the matter relic density with the rest being supersymmetric dark matter such as the neutralino. Thus the direct detection experiments remain viable searches for WIMPs. The fact that the dark scalar $\rho$ with no interactions with the standard model particles arises from a Stueckelberg extension of a hidden $U(1)_X$ implies that the 3.5 KeV galactic line emission is a signal from the hidden sector.


This article considers, and tests, the preparedness of Australian law journals to publish dissenting perspectives. The authors looked at all articles that mentioned bills of rights between the dates 1990 and 2010. They considered only law review journals that had been ranked by the ARC as A or A* ones, solely to have a circumscribed list of journals to consider. They then assessed whether each such article was positive about bills of rights, negative about them, neutral, or whether the mention was peripheral. The outcome was at least a 4:1 bias in favour of publishing pro-bill of rights articles, with one or two ARC top ranked journals showing an astounding lopsidedness.


The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia is one of the organizers of judicial power in Indonesia together with the Supreme Court and courts below and the Judicial Commission. One of the Constitutional Court's authority is to test the laws against the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, as well as the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 34 / PUU / XI / 2013 that the review of Article 268 Paragraph (3) of the Law on Criminal Proceedings (Code of Criminal Procedure ) which reads "Request for reconsideration of a decision can only be made one time only". As a result of the decision led to a judicial review can be done more than once. The formulation of the issues discussed are: 1) How is the legal status (legal standing) of the applicant the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 34 / PUU / XI / 2013? 2) What are the considerations in making a decision of the Constitutional Court to remedy Reconsideration can be filed more than one ?. This type of research is a normative legal research. Sources of data obtained from books, library studies and other sources. From this study it can be concluded 1) legal status (legal standing) The applicant in the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 34 / PUU / XI / 2013 has no legal status (legal standing). 2) Consideration of the Constitutional Court to make a ruling on the legal remedies Reconsideration can be filed more than once in order to protect and uphold human rights, the applicant PK feel tereliminir sense of justice, where the restrictions PK should only be performed one time as stipulated in Article 268 Paragraph ( 3) has given limits a person to seek justice because of the possible new state (novum), can befound at any time and can not be determined exactlywhen Keywords: Constitutional Court, Remedy, Reconsideration


In congenital corrected transposition of the great arteries, tricuspid regurgitation, systemic right ventricular failure, supraventricular tachy-arrhythmias, atrioventricular block can happen with age. Conventional repair such as tricuspid valve replacement and/or extra-conduit repair and/or ventricular septal defect closure, or anatomical repair (double switch operation) can be performed during childhood or in adults as initial surgery. Similar complications will occur even after repair. Prevention and management of arrhythmias, cardiac failure and infective endocarditis are necessary during followup. The incidence of reoperation in conventional repair is higher than anatomical repair. In patients with anatomical repair especially using the Jatene procedure, the reoperation and mortality rates are low comparing with conventional repair.


A new process—resin film infusion(RFI),and the actuality,principle,characteristics,demand of material and equipment was summarized. It was introduced that resin flow model,heat transfer model,viscosity model,cure kinetics model,compaction model of prefabricate,and the relationship of these models with RFI forming and mechanics performance of composite. The material which is produced by RFI process have high mechanics performance,low cost and low pollution,along with the development of the RFI,it will be applied in the national defence and civil field.


This study aims to analyze the pattern of official travel misappropriation, especially related to the pattern of the type of case that usually occurred, the misappropriation causes, and the follow-up process for recommendation given. The research samples are all ministries in Indonesia in the year of 2015-2017. The method used in this study is mixed method, which is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative method's purpose is to find the pattern from the type of case in general, then choosing and detailing the type of case with the greatest number of findings. The qualitative method's purpose is to deepen the information related to the type of case studied. The result of this study shows that the type of case with the greatest findings is granting travel expenses not according to regulations. That case happened because the implementation of the functions and responsibilities of the officers who have a role in the payment and reporting process for official travel are not optimal. The solution to this problem is optimizing officers' roles through the implementation of three lines of defense.


Since the currently used method of supplying clean drinking water to the Ghanaian population consists of selling water sachets of 0.5 liter, there is a major ecological problem due to plastic contamination of the environment. The relatively high water price of buying these sachets also causes economic problems for a large portion of the population.To reduce the consumption of plastic as well as the resulting environmental contamination and the financial burden on low-income citizens, which represents a greater portion of the population, a new method for solar-powered water was evaluated as a sustainable water treatment method in rural areas in Ghana.To test this method a prototype was constructed, based on a combination of the principles of solar desalination plants and common solar collectors, and was tested on site in Ghana.This thesis consists of a field study and a computer simulation. The field study in turn consists of an investigative and experimental study in which the investigative portion sought to find the possibilities and costs of constructing more plants in on site. This is of great importance for getting a clear picture of what economic impact the plant has on the sustainable development.In the experimental study the prototypes treatment capacity was examined, regarding Coliform bacteria, arsenic, iron, and chloride as well as its effect on the pH level of the water. The study also examined how much water the prototype can produce in a day and, in conjunction with the investigative study, to what extent this could reduce the use of plastic bags.The simulation part of the thesis examined possible improvement of the prototype and evaluated the influence of various factors on its overall effectiveness.The study showed that the prototype, which measures 92x68x18cm, where able to produce about 3 liters of drinking water per day (equivalent to 6 sachets of water) and managed to remove all measured contaminants from the treated water, without any change in the pH value.


A distributed automatic control system for the MCC-30/15 compact medical cyclotron has been built on the hierarchy principle. The lower hierarchical level consists of controllers for various systems of the cyclotron, which are networked on the basis of Profibus. An industrial Advantech-type computer has been chosen as the host computer of the system. The upper hierarchical level also contains computers to control the RF system of the cyclotron and operator workstation. Computers of the upper hierarchical level are networked on the basis of Ethernet. The number of computers for the operator workstation is limited only by the Ethernet bandwidth and the speed of the host computer. To measure the beam current, a multi-channel highprecision measuring current amplifier has been developed, signals from which are sent to a high-speed ADC. It is possible to view current pulse oscillograms, which makes much easier the adjustment of the cyclotron modes. A distributed automatic control system built on the hierarchy principle has been developed for the MCC-30/15 compact medical cyclotron [1]. The lower hierarchical level consists of controllers for various systems of the cyclotron: water cooling system, vacuum system, external injection system, power supply systems for the main electromagnet and ion guide magnets and system for control of mechanical devices of the cyclotron and ion guide. Controllers of the lower hierarchical level are networked with the host computer of the automatic control system via the Profibus DP. Controllers of the external injection system are networked with the host computer via the RS-485 interface. Programmable logic controllers (PLC) of the FX3U series (Mitsubishi) and ADAM-4501controllers (Advantech) are used as controllers of the lower hierarchical level. A high-powered industrial Advantech-type computer with a 2.4 GHz Pentium 4 Celeron processor was chosen as the host computer of the automatic control system. In addition to the host computer, the upper hierarchical level also contains a computer to control the RF system of the cyclotron and computer(s) of the operator workstation. As the RF system is one of the most complicated and important system of the cyclotron, an industrial computer similar to the host computer is used for its control. Any PC-compatible computers with the Windows XP operational system or higher may be used as the operator workstation computers. Computers of the upper hierarchical level are networked on the basis of Ethernet, for which purpose an industrial 8-port Ethernet-switch is applied. The number of operator workstation computers is limited only by the Ethernet bandwidth and the performance of the host computer. The use of the Ethernet network allows the operator workstation to be located both in the direct vicinity of the cyclotron and in any place, provided a computer network is available. The software of the automatic control system also allows several copies of the program for the operator workstation to be executed simultaneously on one and the same computer, which makes operation of the control system much more comfortable if several monitors are connected. The host computer performs arbitration of commands and transfer of the data on the status of the cyclotron systems to the operator workstation. Fig.1 shows a simplified structure of the automatic control system. The information is displayed on the operator workstation monitor(s) in the form of pages; each of these pages displays status of one of the cyclotron systems. The operator can arbitrarily choose a page to be displayed. If the operator workstation contains several monitors or computers, the operator can display several different pages simultaneously. The page shown in Fig.2 is the control of the vacuum system. The software allows all the systems of the cyclotron to be controlled in two modes. In the "Manual Remote" mode, the operator performs on/off operations and adjustment of the cyclotron devices' parameters from one of the operator workstation computers on the basis of his own experience and design parameters of the mode. The "Choose and Control" principle is applied. By clicking the mouse, the operator chooses one of the cyclotron subsystems on the mnemonic diagram displayed on the monitor and a panel to control this system is visualized. Current operating parameters and controls of this particular device are shown on the panel. The operator can either turn on/off the device or change the adjustment of its parameters (for example, the current of the main electromagnet or radial position / angle of the stripping device, etc). In so doing, the available ACS interlocking system does not enable any unallowable operations to be done. This ACS operating mode is used at the initial stage of the cyclotron operation until the data on the cyclotron operating modes has not been stored. Parameters of the actual mode can be stored in the data base. The second operating mode of the ACS is the automatic mode. In this mode, the operator chooses an operating mode among the modes previously stored in the data base and starts automatic procedures of turning on/off the sub-systems of the cyclotron. These procedures include production of the working vacuum in the cyclotron, external injection ___________________________________________ firstname.lastname@example.com WEPSB037 Proceedings of RuPAC-2010, Protvino, Russia 06 Instrumentation, Controls, Feedback and Operational Aspects


Itis a known fact that cultural heritage is the most important legacy of every nation. Schools are influential spaces where students' awareness is raised with respect to the importance of cultural heritage. Moreover, the interior design of the school environment can also allow students to learn about the significance of traditional culture and local educational systems, while creating their own social identity. This research investigates four case studies that document the different approaches of renovating heritage schools in Bahrain, the UAE and Turkey. The design methods found within these cases are analyzed and combined to develop a proposed model of new type of school system to renovate traditional schools of cultural values using advanced technological techniques and makes them livable cultural museums. The paper presents the results of comparative studies in the fields of identification, preservation, and presentation of cultural heritage. The research uses a qualitative approach to analyze the case studies and finds design guidelines that can be combined and simulated in a hybrid heritage school proposal in Bahrain. The purpose of this study is to understand the narrative of educational system development in Bahrain and how the information can be reinterpreted to preserve cultural heritage content using a sensorial experience within the simulated and modeled project. The research results a design guideline to establish a hybrid design approach that combines technologies and values of interior design to maintain schools of cultural values when a process of traditional school renovation is in action. The study contributes to the body of knowledge with a framework that can be used to renovate heritage schools not just locally but on international levels as well to achieve interactive sensorial experience.


Chronic, difficult-to-heal ulcers are a therapeutic challenge, burdensome for patients, and frustrating for clinicians. While the pathophysiology of chronic wounds has been widely studied in order to better understand why some wounds do not heal in a timely fashion, many questions remain as do numerous treatment protocols. Therapies range from basic moisture-retentive dressings and lower extremity compression to new, manufactured biologic dressings and stem-cell therapies. The considerable variety of treatment options points to the fact that many wounds are resistant to typical interventions and therefore, continued ingenuity in the treatment of wounds is essential. One exciting and new intervention is the implementation of ablative fractional (AF) lasers to induce wound healing. Within the past five years, this technology has been applied for the treatment of hypertrophic, disfiguring, and function-limiting scars. While employing AF for this indication, clinicians discovered that it coincidentally demonstrated efficacy in healing persistent trauma-related wounds that exist within scars.1 It remains uncertain why this intervention is effective. Proposed mechanisms of action include laser-induced collagen remodeling, microdebridement, disruption of local biofilm, and establishment of a proper wound healing cytokine profile and molecular milieu.


: E-Waste consists of all waste from electronic and electrical appliances which have reached their end-of-life or no longer fit for their original intended use also recognized as E-Waste and are destined for recovery, recycling or disposal. Discarded computers, televisions, VCRs, stereos, fax machines, electric lamps, cell phones, audio equipment and batteries if improperly disposed they are severely hazardous to the environment. The electronic industry has emerged as world's fastest growing industry in the world. With increase in usage of electrical and electronic equipment, especially in developing countries the amount of e-waste generated each day is growing enormously has emerged as a global environmental issue. This is because the e-waste comprises multiple components some of which contain toxic substances that can have an adverse impact on human health and the environment if not handled properly. The E-waste has become a matter of concern because of toxic and hazardous present in electronic goods and if not properly managed. These equipments are a complicated assembly of thousand materials, many of which contain highly toxic substances such as brominates, toxic gases, toxic metals, biologically active material, acids, plastics and plastic additives. This paper discusses about the severe adverse impacts of the Ewaste on Human health and environment.


Introduction. The time interval systems for controlling train movement operated under the influence of significant industrial disturbances, interference from the electric current of traction rolling stocks, and significant climate changes that result in fluctuations of parameters of circuit elements. These factors lead to the appearance of internal disturbances. The fluctuations in a wide range of the conductivity of rail lines insulation are the main external disturbances leading to considerable changes of the informative parameter, the voltage at the output end of the rail line. At present, there are many methods for suppressing disturbances, which allow correcting fluctuations in the informative signal without deteriorating the quality of classification. The article deals with the problem of providing insensitivity of the output informative signal to the influence of disturbance by principles of coordinate compensation with a correcting link.
Materials and Methods. To solve the problem, various methodologies of compensation for disturbances are considered in the paper; the method of coordinate compensation for disturbances at the input of a quadripole of rail lines is adopted as the main one. The equation of the transfer function of the correcting link is determined, assuming an indirect measurement of the input resistance of the rail line, which is a function of the conductivity of the insulation.
Results. The article presents the results of the research of the invariant capabilities of the disturbance compensation principle. It is shown that disturbances compensation with a corrective link included at the input of a quadripole allows one to significantly reduce the dynamic range of the output informative signal change in each of the classes, i.e. classes have become more compact, and the quality of classification has become 5 times higher than in the absence of compensation of disturbances.
Discussion and Conclusion. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method for the coordinate compensation of disturbances in rail lines with an open circuit in the absence of the possibility for organizing feedback, a variable circuit in each of the classes of states, and the impossibility of creating a physical additional channel for the transmission of the disturbance. Using the proposed method in the construction of modern classifiers will significantly improve the stability of the functioning of train control systems; eliminate errors of the first kind, leading to unproductive idle train, and errors of the second kind, leading to accidents and crashes.