One kind of inchworm well conduit robot apparatus includes an upper, middle and lower sections, three sections independently of each other, the same structure of the upper and lower sections, wherein: the connection pipe, a first ferrule, a first actuator mounted by way of the first outer thread an inner tube, two seals are fitted in the inner tube and the first connector ferrule, locking nut fixed to the first ferrule and the first transmission mechanism, a first end fixed to the jack means threadably ferrule, fixed to the first end on a transmission mechanism; and the jack mechanism is not in the middle, upper and lower sections of the same construction. Alternately vertically top tight wall segment and relaxation, with the middle telescoping movement, to push the upper, lower drag, crawling reverse, moving the opposite order. The present invention is for mounting equipment in the well conduit, the well completion of the measurement parameters, the operating state detection well, other devices may also be used as a carrier transport conduit and detection areas.


A solid particle, a tablet especially containing magnesium oxide particles as the main component, to provide an excellent tablets very small form stability of wear and edge chipping. A columnar-shaped upper and lower horizontal plane a tablet having a domed shape, a dome shape at its upper and lower horizontal plane, in a right angle cross-sectional shape of the cylindrical shaped center line, the following (a), (b) requirements and (c), (A) corner angle 25-45 ° (b) the corner horizontal distance 0.30~1.0mm (C) cup depth 0.6~1.2mm Tablets and satisfying the. .FIELD 1


The vehicle-road bed coupling produces vibration. In order to analyze the mutual relationship between the vehicle and the road bed,the vertical vehicle-road bed coupling dynamic model was proposed. Using this model and two-dimensional finite element method,the influence regularity of different highway road bed design parameters on vehicle motion property was analyzed. The study showed that the change of the road bed stiffness exerted greater influence on vertical vehicle acceleration;and the smoothness of pavement correlated almost linearly with vertical vehicle acceleration. The comfortableness of vehicle lessened as the speed of the vehicle increased.


Poincaré holds up that the varieties of formai logical théories don't express the essential proof-theoretical structure in order to understand mathematics. Intuition and aesthetic reasoning, the latter depending from the criterion "harmony by a surprising order-character", are other décisive proof-aspects. In what sensé éléments from Peirce*s semiotics and Goodman's aesthetics con tribu te something to Poincaré's aim of mathematical reasoning besides logical inference ? Résumé. Selon Poincaré, les différentes théories de la logique formelle n'expriment pas l'élément essentiel à la compréhension d'une démonstration mathématique. A cet égard, l'intuition et le raisonnement esthétique, ce dernier conçu en dépendance du critère «harmonie grâce au chractère surprenant d'une structure d'ordre», sont les aspects manquants. En quel sens des éléments de la sémiotique de Peirce et de l'esthétique de Goodman peuvent-ils contribuer à atteindre l'objectif de Poincaré, à savoir de comprendre le raisonnement mathématique au-delà de sa structure logique ? ' Le titre de ma conférence tenue à ce colloque fut Convention et observabilité. Une reprise à partir de Poincaré. Ce texte va paraître dans E. Agazzi / M. Pauri (éds.), Observability, Unobservability and Scientific Realism, Dordrecht : Kluver 1999. Je remercie très vivement Antonia Soûlez et Jan Sebestik d'avoir accepté que je remplace mon texte original par une conférence faite le 28 Août 1998 à Berlin au Colloquium Logicum '98 de la Deutsche Vereinigungjur Matfiematische Logik undfîir Grundlagen der exakten Wissenscfiaften. Philosophia Scientiae, 3 (2), 1998-1999, 43-60 44 Gerhard Heinvnann It is, as newspaper editors know, a tendency of the public to read with interest and even to accept uncritically the opinions of an eminent person on matters about which he is not an expert. [...] M. Poincaré is one of our greatest mathematicians, and centuries hâve proved that a man who is a great mathematician need be neither a great philosopher nor a great logician. [Jourdain 1912, 481-482] According to Philip Jourdain, quoted hère from an Introductory Note to a translation of a debate between Poincaré and Couturat, Poincaré's articles on philosophy and mathematical iogic are based on a very superficial acquaintance with thèse subjects. He doesn't understand the new logic, because — ni argue — he wants to understand mathematics. Now, since Aristotle, understanding is connected with learning. And it is well known that, according to Poincaré, in order to teach and to leam mathematics there must be appeal to intuition and reasoning by analogy [Folina 1996, 421]. The same capacities are also necessary to create new mathematics. Jourdain's évaluation of Poincaré's articles on the foundational enterprise is not surprising once we concède that the notion of intuition concerns the psychological conviction for the former, whereas logicicians are concerned with the latter. So Poincaré and the logicians (and especially the logicists) are trying to achieve différent objectives. This is Warren Goldfarb's claim in his article Poincaré against the logicists. He finds that even Poincaré's "more serious antilogicist arguments", namely that the program of founding number theory on logic involves a petitio principii (because this foundation présupposes already some number theory) and that mathematical définitions hâve to be predicative, reveal a continued dependence on a psychologistic conception" [Goldfarb 1988, 64]. Actually, Poincaré's use of intuition does not reduce to psychology in the modem sensé of this term. This will be clear if one gives up Goldfarb's thesis that Poincaré's "papers on foundations are disconnected from his positive work in mathematics" [Goldfarb 1988, 62]. As a first example, 111 take Poincaré's view on the foundations of geometry, and especially his distinction between the so called sensible and geometrical spaces. The évolution from sensible space to geometry could be understood in two différent manners : logically and psychologically. By a logical genesis of geometry I understand a systematic way of reconstruction geometrical Thinking. By a psychological genesis of geometry, I understand the description of the development of animal behaviour to grasp a spatial orientation. I think that Poincaré very well distinguishes between the two points in question : The psychological genesis is treated by him in the spirit of an evolutionary empiricism largely influenced by Darwin's biological adaptation. It concerns the translation from the "I" to the "we"—perspective and finds its Poincaré on Understanding Mathematics 45 écho with Poincaré in the transfer from the Individual to the race summarised in his 1907 article The relativity ofspace [SM, 120sq.]. But in the article On the Foundations of Geometry, an important paper of 43 pages, written in English and published in the Monist of October 1898, this level of psychological évolution is presupposed : he begins with "Our sensations cannot give us the notion of space". There is no problem of confusing levels hère, because Poincaré does not use the term "psychological" in the modem sensé. In fact, he uses it in ail the situations where the dimension of understanding is involved, and in particular it's genetic component which as opposed to the logically correct linguistic exposition of the resuit — "is indispensable for a complète knowledge of science itself ' [SH, 138 (153)]. Psychology concerns hère the epistemological question of developing standards of clarity for conceptual présuppositions. In this perspective, Poincaré's refusai to distinguish psychology from logic and epistemology, expressed in 1909 in a famous reply to Russell, does by no means signify that he is confusing the questions quid iuris and quid facti, but it tells us to supplément our structural investigations in Logic and Epistemology by a genetic analysis. No wonder also that, according to Poincaré, mathematics requires intuition not only in the context of discovery but also in context of justification. By the way, Poincaré's often quoted statement (for example [Resnik 1996, 459] : "Logic, which alone give certainty, is the instrument of démonstration; intuition is the instrument of invention" [VS, 23 (37)], (even [SM, (130)], résumes only a discussion about the distinction of sensible intuition and analytic procédures. Some pages later, he underlines that pure intuition gives certainty too and enables us to demonstrate and to invent [VS, 25 (39)]. Within formai mathematics, pure intuition is necessary for its justification and its proofs in order to understand them. The context of justification is pragmatically connected with the logical reconstruction of the genesis because "to understand" mathematics means : to learn their development. So, if S has a true belief for p, justified by a formai proof, it does not follow that he is understanding p. Justified belief may be équivalent with a abstract proof structure [Helman 1992] but not with mathematical knowledge. In order to understand this, we should go back to Poincaré's article Sur la nature du raisonnement mathématique, published in 1894, where he discusses the following dilemma. On the one hand, mathematics is an exact science, that is their proofs are exactly rigorous. But if, on the other hand, "ail the pro"Mr Russell will probably tell me that it is not a question of psychology but of logic and epistemology; and 1 should be led to reply that there are no logic or epistemology independent of psychology; this need will probably close the discussion as it will make évident an irrémédiable différence of opinion." [Poincaré 1909, 482]. 46 Gerhard Ueinwxann positions it enunciates can be deduced from another by the rules of formai logic, why is mathematics not reduced to an immense tautology ?" Hère is Poincaré's solution : in opposition to the logicians' declared position, analyticity or logical rigour suggested in the dilemma cannot be a gênerai criterion for correct mathematical reasoning. Genuine mathematical knowledge is in gênerai not the resuit proved by means of a séries of analytical déductions, called by him vérifications, by "vérification" Poincaré means a déduction based on syllogism, substitution and nominal définition and so he is trivially right in arguing that mathematical reasoning is to be distinguished from logic (SH, 3 (32)). Nevertheless, he adds that logic and mathematics can be distinguished because mathematics has itself a kind of créative virtue, exemplified by the principle of complète induction. So the question arises : is it possible to deduce the principle of complète induction from the new Systems of logic invented arround 1900 and, if yes, why should we call the new theory "logic" ? I argued in my book on Poincaré [Heinzmann 1995] that ail proofs of complète induction violate certain forms of Poincaré's predicativity requirement and Charles Chihara argued in his article Poincaré and Logicism that it is by no means évident to consider axioms expressed in purely logical terms to be laws of logic [Chihara 1996]. For example, is it really a logical procédure (of the second order) to turn predicates into names and afterwards affirm their existence, i. e. the existence of entities signified ? On the contrary, if one argues that modem formai logic has turned into a mathematical field in interpreting, for example, the logical conséquences as knowledge about ail models, i. e. ail mathematical entities, then one should recognise that it has essentially eut the bounds to its original task of serving as a means to mathematical inference [Lorenz 1986, 42]. Its relevance is thereby limited to investigations into the foundations of mathematics. How should we now understand the concept of mathematical proof ? If logical inference cannot give rise to understand mathematical knowledge, how can pure intuition do better. Can the concept of intuition replace symbolic logic as standard for rigorous mat


I. Introduction 703II. Approaches to Adjudicating Emotional Injury Claims in the Context of General Insurance Policies and UM Statutes 706A. The Conservative Approach 710B. The Moderate Approach 712C. The Liberal Approach 715III. Permitting Recovery for Other Emotional Injury Claims in Tennessee 716IV. Barring Recovery for Emotional Injuries: Garrison v. Bickford 719V. A Standard Protecting Victims and Courts 721VI. Conclusion 725I. IntroductionTwo on-duty police officers stopped to assist a stranded motorcyclist with mechanical problems. Sadly, an underinsured motorist's car sped by and struck both officers.1 One officer suf- fered severe head injuries and died shortly thereafter. The other, Officer Paul Daley, survived the accident with minor physical injuries, but suffered severe emotional injuries approximately one year after the accident-namely post-traumatic stress disorder.3 Since the driver of the vehicle was underinsured, Daley sued his own insurance company under Washington's uninsured motorist statute, but the Washington Supreme Court denied monetary relief under the statute because his emotional injury did not sufficiently link to his minor bodily injuries, which had already healed.4 The decision rested on this reasoning despite the fact that Daley's severe emotional injury directly resulted from witnessing the gruesome accident.5The Insurance Research Council estimates that one in every seven drivers in the United States is uninsured.6 This alarmingly high number explains why twenty-one states and the District of Columbia now mandate uninsured motorist coverage, in addition to general liability insurance.7 Uninsured motorist coverage requires an insurance company to pay damages that the insured would otherwise seek to recover from the owner or operator of an uninsured motor vehicle for injuries caused by an "accident arising out of the ownership, maintenance, or use of such vehicle."8 In practice, the insurance company functions as the insurer of the uninsured motorist-the feigned result being that the uninsured motorist now has sufficient insurance and will pay what the insured person would be entitled to recover (up to the policy limits). Legislatures crafted uninsured motorist statutes ("UM statutes") to alleviate the public's concerns over injuries to innocent citizens caused by negligent third parties who were either uninsured or unable to pay.9 These statutes were formulated to provide financial remuneration to innocent persons suffering injuries through the negligence or recklessness of uninsured motorists who cannot sufficiently reply in damages.10The purpose of the Tennessee Uninsured Motorist Statute is to provide relief to insured victims who suffer "bodily injury, sickness or disease, including death" caused by those uninsured and unable to respond in monetary damages." Thus, the insured is "protected] by making the insurance carrier stand as the insurer of the uninsured motorist."12 While the Tennessee UM statute appears, at first glance, to ease the minds of those insured drivers with a "safety net" in the event of a serious accident, many courts throughout the country, including Tennessee, have interpreted the reach or limitation of the terms in insurance policies and UM statutes significantly differently.13 A majority of courts have held that insurance policies and UM statutes do not include mental or emotional damages under the phrase "bodily injury, sickness or dis- ease."14 However, a growing trend in numerous jurisdictions allows recovery for emotional injuries arising under UM statutessome requiring physical manifestations of those injuries, others allowing for purely emotional injuries.15In 2012, the Tennessee Supreme Court ("Supreme Court") undertook the task of adopting one of these competing views in determining whether "bodily injury" covers mental injuries.16 The Supreme Court held, "bodily injury" only encompassed physical harm and did not include damages for mental or emotional injuries standing alone, thus narrowing the scope of the UM statute. …


Carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methane is efficiently achieved using ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru NPs) prepared and stabilized in task-specific ionic liquids. 1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolim perfluorobutanesulfonate [C8mim][NfO] is the best ionic liquid media producing 84% yield of methane at 150 °C. Other fluorinated anions based ionic liquids exhibited a greater influence on the methane production. In parallel, carbon monoxide is selectively produced in a small amount for the ionic liquid media containing trifluoroacetate and mesylate anions. It is known that ionic liquids strongly contribute to higher CO2 solubility as well as the formation and stabilization of Ru NPs. The catalytic system maintains some activity at least after 5 recycling studies and a promissory improvement can be achieved using a further continuous-flow system.


A general wood anatomical description of the Theaceae is given on the basis of a previous study of species from China (Deng ' Baas 1990) and additional observations on genera and species outside China. The wood anatomy of Archboldiodendron, Balthasaria, Ficalhoa, Franklinia, Freziera, and Visnea are described separately. Although the Theaceae in the delimitation followed here (Table 1) are wood anatomically relatively homogeneous, the recognition of three subfamilies Camellioideae, Ternstroemioideae and Sladenioideae is supported by anatomical features (vessel grouping, bar number, type of vessel-ray pits, intervessel pit arrangement; cf. Table 4). The controversial position of Ficalhoa is discussed; its wood anatomy closely resembles that of the Camellioideae.


Since regaining independence in 1991, Latvia has suffered massive population loss. At that time, the country had roughly 2.7 million inhabitants. Today, officials count almost 2 million. Between the censuses in 1989 and 2011, this decline was approximately 600,000 people, representing 22.5% of the population. This is by far the highest value in Europe.
Latvia's shrinking population is a result of the interplay between natural and spatial population movements. Latvia is facing a persistent demographic crisis with problems such as fertility decline, ageing, out-migration, brain drain and regional polarization.


More than a half-century of research aimed at identifying the predictors of hypnotic responding has been described as investigations of "hypnotizability." Most of that research, however, has disregarded the well-established findings that (a) people respond to suggestion without being hypnotized almost as much as they do following a hypnotic induction, and (b) nonhypnotic and hypnotic suggestibility are highly correlated. More recent studies have provided the first empirical data on predictors of individual differences in response to the induction of hypnosis. These studies indicate that individual differences in hypnotic suggestibility can be accounted for completely by nonhypnotic suggestibility, expectancy, motivation, and reaction time. Because the amount of variance accounted for is as great as the reliability of the hypnotic-suggestibility scale, and because nonhypnotic suggestibility has been controlled, no additional variables are necessary to account for hypnotic suggestibility.


The content of nucleic acids, phospholipids, macroenergy phosphorus, phytin, hexosephosphate esters and inorganic phosphorus were determined in sugarcane plants of the Cuban varitety Ja 60-5, which received three different levels of phosphorus fertilization (0, 150 and 250 kgP, Q, /ha). Inorganic phosphorus (Pi), with a mean value of 17.06 mg P/100 g fr wt was the fraction with the highest level. Nucleic acid was the organic fraction with the highest concentration. The majority of phosphoric compounds with the exception of phytin and Pi were found at their highest concentration in the meristematic tissue . Phosphoric compounds concentration are higher in leaf blades than in leaf sheaths, internodes or roots. INTRODUCTION Total phosphorus in plant depends upon its nutritional status, falling in the range 2-40 m moles Plkg fr wt (Nassery8 and ~ l r i c h ' ~ ) . Total phosphorus content may be subdivided in organic and inorganic fractions. Although inorganic phosphorus (Pi) i s more sensitive than organic phosphorus to phosphorus nutritional variations (Bieleski 2) , nutrients incorporation into organic forms i s what enlarges i t s reaction capacity (Flubin"). Almost all the phosphorus concentrated in the plant exists in the form of organic combinations, the most important are: nucleotides, nucleic acids, hexosephosphates, phospholipids (P-lipids) and phytin (pochinok9 1. The concurrence of different phosphorus fractions in plants related to i t s physiological aspects have been studied by different authors as ~akovleva" in 470 E. ORTEGA AND N. N. MUSIENKO I ! cauliflower, Byazlyvdny3 in peas, corn and barley; and volleidtJ4 in wheat. ~ a r t t ~ established inorganic form of phosphorus is better related with phosphorus nutrition of plants than organic forms. Organic phosphorus was not fractioned but taken as a whole. . Lazo and Bonazzi6 determined the distribution of phosphorus in sugarcane but in a qualitative way without discriminating among the different phosphoric compounds. lnspite of, the existing data concerning phosphoric compounds in sugarcane, it is evident that more research on them must be accomplished. MATERIALS AND METHODS A field experiment was conducted on a red ferralitic soil in June,1975 using plots with 8 rows and 15 m long with the Cuban sugarcane variety Ja 60-5. Phosphoric fertilization was applied a t three levels (0, 150 and 250 kg p2d5/ ha) with a back fertilization of nitrogen and potassium of 200 kglha. i Agrochemical characteristics of red ferralitic soil are shown in Table 1. TABLE 1. Agrochemical characteristics of >red ferralitic soil. Depth (cm) P P ~ pn ppm KW" pH""" * Bray and Kurt8 Method 7 * + Ammonlum acetate 1 N pH 7 *++ Water l:2.6 Samples of a second ratoon crop were taken at the beginning (2,9 months) and a t the boom stage (6,4 months) in June and October, 1097'respectively. The sample constituted by two plants taken from the middle of the plot was subdivided according to Sanchez and clements12, numbering leaves according to Clements and ~ h o t b ~ , as folhows: AMeristematic tissue (bottom 5 cm of spindle cluster) BLeaves + I and t 2 CBlades 4-3, t4, t 5 and t 6 (discarding midrib) DSheaths t3. t4, t 5 and +6 EInternodes +3. t4. and 4-6 I;Blades +7, t8;+9 Bnd 4-10 (discarding midrib) GSheaths t7, t8, +9 and +'lo ,* f { * ,' . " 472 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY HInternodes +7, +8 4-9 and + I0 IRoots down to 40 cm depth Pi, hexosephosphate esters, macroenergy phosphorus, phytin, P-lipids and nucleic acids were determined in fresh tissue using the ~ochinok's~ method. All data were submitted to statistical analysis according to ~ e r c h ~ . RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Mean values for inorganic and organic phosphorus fraction concentrations are shown in Table 2. Organic fraction is shown in the form of different compounds in the plant. Highly significant differences (P< 0.01) were found between Pi compounds and the different phosphorganic compounds. Phosphorus fertilization also gave significant differences (P<0.05). TABLE 2. Phosphoric compound concentration mean values at different ages and doses of fertilization (mg P/100 g fr wt) P205 kglha: 0 150 250 Age (Months): 2.9 6.4 2.9 6.4 2.9 6.4 ' X


The parasitization of Trichogramma chilonis parasitoids was found higher in the blocks where parasitoids were released to control Chilo infuscatellus at weekly interval (52.4 %) as compared to fortnight (40.9%) and monthly intervals (32.7%). Mean parasitization was (42.7%) when 80,000 thousand parasitoids were released on monthly basis followed by 41.4% (40,000), 37.8% (20,000) and 34.0% (10,000). However the mean infestation was below economic threshold levels ranging from 5.3 to 6.5 % in all the blocks where the parasitoids were released in variable numbers.


Index system of warship equipment conceptual design was established and comprehensive effectiveness was put forward to describe operational capability and logistics support capability.Optimal design criterion based on effectiveness-cost ratio was brought forward on the basis of complete analysis on current warship equipment conceptual design criterion and its advantages and disadvantages.On the condition of emphasizing equipment comprehensive effectiveness,the criterion effectively took into account endurance capability in economy and created conditions to availably improve cost using effectiveness.


Spontaneous nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction was evaluated in neutrophils from patients with the different types and forms of leprosy, and compared with reduction obtained form cells from normal controls. Leucocytes from the same subjects were stimulated in vitro by endotoxin, and the rise in percentage of cells reducing NBT was determined. Patients of all groups, with the exception of those with reactional lepromatous leprosy (RLL) had an essentially normal proportion of reducing cells. Neutrophils were normally activated by endotoxin. This indicates that while Mycobacterium leprae does not by itself stimulate leucocytes from leprosy patients, there is no overall anergy of neutrophils in lepromatous or other forms of leprosy. In RLL the proportion of reducing cells was significantly raised. Stimulation with endotoxin was able further to enhance this proportion, but not above levels reached by stimulation of normal cells. Neutrophil activation could not be reproduced by mixing serum from highly activated RLL patients with normal leucocytes. An inhibitory effect of serum and plasma over in vitro endotoxin activation of neutrophils was found.


Based on the grey Verhulst model and BP-neural network theory,this paper studies the combination of them,puts forward the partial-data Verhulst model group and proposes a kind of gray Verhulst-BP neural network combined forecasting model.In this paper,BP-neural network is utilized to build up the nonlinear mapping between partial-data Verhulst model group and original data,and the defects of the neural networking training with small sample of time series data are overcome.The experiment results show that the combined forecasting model is valid,high precision and good stability.


107 Modulating the turkey host and its microbiome: Hostmicrobe interactions following antibiotic and probiotic administration. Timothy Johnson*1, Sally Noll1, Kent Reed1, Dan Knights1, Mike Kogut2, Ryan Arsenault3, Bonnie Youmans1, Jeanine Brannon1, Kristelle Mendoza1, and Tonya Ward1, 1University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 2USDA-ARS, College Station, TX, 3University of Delaware, Newark, DE.


The interaction of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with the pig serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) showed a subtle dependence on the SDS concentration. At the SDS concentrations below 0.01%, the binding isotherm conformed to the Langmuir's type, from which the maximum number of the binding site and the intrinsic binding constant were respectively estimated to be 1600 mol mol−1 and 6.5×103 (mol dm−3)−1. At the SDS concentrations at or above 0.03%, the LDL structure irreversibly dissociated.


We study orthogonality relations for Fourier frequencies and complex exponentials in Hilbert spaces L 2 (µ) with measures µ arising from iterated function systems (IFS). This includes equilibrium mea- sures in complex dynamics. Motivated by applications, we draw parallels between analysis of fractal measures on the one hand, and the geometry of wavelets on the other. We are motivated by spectral theory for com- muting partial differential operators and related duality notions. While stated initially for bounded and open regions in R d , they have since found reformulations in the theory of fractals and wavelets. We include a historical sketch with questions from early operator theory.


The mechanical hepatic trauma was simulated in experiment on dogs. Long local blood flow reduction, the oxygen pressure lowering in nonaffected hepatic tissue and organic blood flow in kidney as well were noted while the 34.2% hepatic mass injury with 10.58% blood loss. The magnitude of the vessels reactivity coefficient of these organs is reducing in 30 min and 1 hour after the hepatic injury occurrence and then changes in untrustworthy manner.


While China's blog is rapidly developing,the unharmonious words in blog world are more and more increased and the bloggers' words raise a new question in current laws.Bloggers' words should be protected by freedom of speech and that bloggers are given freedom of speech is the demand of embodying core characteristics of the bloggers.The speech of the bloggers should have its inner restriction and should seek dynamic balance between self-restriction of the bloggers,ethical standard of blog world and external legal methods so as to restrict the speech of bloggers and to maintain rational order of the speech of the bloggers.


General geology is the study of various landforms on earth and the geologic process that goes along with it. Petrography is the study of detailed rock characteristics. The geology of Batang Merbau shows that it contains majority of flat surfaces and connected to East-West highway which implies that the area is suitable for urbanization, settlement and agriculture. The area contains two type of lithology which is metamorphic and igneous. Igneous rock is the rock that formed from solidification of magma or lava. Geological mapping was done in order to update the geological map and rock sampling. To determine the properties of the plutonic rock in Batang Merbau area, 3 rocks samples with different color and texture was taken to examined under polarized light microscope. The result was, all 3 samples constitute same properties. Further classification was done using percentage amount of occurrence of each mineral that the sample has. Using QAP classification diagram, the result was 2 of the sample identified as granodiorite and another is granite. This shows that there are 2 types of plutonic rock that exist in Batang Merbau area.


We use the hydrolyzate of degreased rape seed, instead of hydrolyzate of degreased beans, in L isdeucine fermentation. In fermenting the nutrition required strain, we find the optimum quantity of hydrolyzate of degreased rape seed in seed culture medium and fermentation culture medium. Experimental results agree well with that of industrial production in a 30 t fermentation tank, without affecting Acid producing quantity.


The Lalung Tribe resides in the states of Assam and Meghalaya, northeastern India. These tribes are divided into two main sub-divisions: those who live in the hills and those who live on the plains. The difference is due to terrain and ecology. The Lalung Tribe belongs to a race known as the Bodo. Many legends are surrounding the history of the Lalung, making their origin rather uncertain. It is has been said that their ancestors emigrated from Tibet and followed the path of the Brahmaputra River south into the hills of Assam. Later, perhaps during the mid 1600's, they migrated to the plains.


A large number of laboratory tests has been conducted for the conventional low damage fracturing fluid D3F-AS05 in order to optimize a fracturing fluid formula based on thorough understanding of the reservoir characteristics of the H1 and H2 members of the Hetaoyuan formation in Bi 304 block on the southern actic region of Nanyang oilfield.The result shows that the optimized fracturing fluid has good viscoelastic nature,shear stability,low friction,high cleanup rate,and low damage to reservoirs.Field application shows that this formula system requires simple fracturing process,is highly adaptable to various reservoir properties,and can greatly increase postfrac flow.


Decay caused by Neopestalotiopsis clavispora is an important postharvest disease of blueberries that seriously affects the commercial value of blueberry fruit. In this paper, we studied the inhibitory activity and mode of action of thymol against the pathogenic fungus of blueberries caused by Neopestalotiopsis clavispora. The results demonstrated that thymol administration could limit mycelial growth in vitro; the inhibitory effect was positively connected with thymol mass concentrations, and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 100 mg/L. Further investigations revealed that MIC thymol treatment dramatically reduced the germination of pathogenic spores and led to an increase in the conductivity of the pathogen, leakage of contents, and a decrease in pH. Propidium iodide (PI) staining experiments demonstrated that MIC thymol caused damage to mycelial cell membranes. Additionally, MIC thymol treatment promoted mycelium malondialdehyde content accumulation, inhibited superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities, decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) content and energy charge levels, and the fluorescence intensity of mycelium caused by MIC thymol treatment was significantly increased by the 2,7-Dichlorodi-hydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. The results of this study indicate that thymol suppresses the proliferation of Neopestalotiopsis clavispora by compromising the integrity of their cell membranes, promoting the accumulation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and interfering with energy metabolism.


AT least two forms of choroidal sclerosis can be distinguished-the sharply circumscribed central areolar type, which has been discussed elsewhere (Sorsby, 1939; Sorsby and Crick, 1953), and generalized choroidal sclerosis, the subject of the present study. The late stages of generalized choroidal sclerosis are unmistakable, for not only are the choroidal vessels throughout the fundus exposed, but they are converted into white streaks-a change perhaps more marked in some parts of the fundus than in others. A subsidiary feature, not always present, is the occurrence of pigmentation, generally at the extreme periphery and sometimes of the bone corpuscle type, but the appearance of the disc and the relatively healthy state of the retinal vessels-never showing the marked attenuation seen in correspondingly advanced retinitis pigmentosa-readily distinguish the condition from the retinitis pigmentosa group. Elsewhere (Sorsby, 1939) the hereditary basis of generalized choroidal sclerosis has been recorded. The mode of inheritance is still undetermined, though dominance would appear likely from some family records of "atypical retinitis pigmentosa", suggestive of choroidal sclerosis rather than retinitis pigmentosa. The present study is of interest for three reasons:


The monthly and annual numbers of Climatological Data of the United States contain monthly evaporation-data at United States Weather Bureau Class-A evaporation-stations. A four-foot diameter circular evaporation-pan ten inches deep is used. The pan stands on a wooden grillage with the rim about 14 inches above ground. Water is maintained at a depth of one to two inches below the rim of the pan. These records were compiled for over 100 stations having records varying from three to 25 years' duration. South of latitude 37° north the records are mostly maintained throughout the entire year. For stations with full yearly records the means of the evaporation were separately determined for the six months of summer, May to October, the six months of winter, November to April, and also for the year. These original data, together with information regarding the stations, is given in columns (1) to (11), inclusive, of Table 1.


The trial with the main substrate of rice polishings to produce gelated yoghurt was conducted by orthogonal design method of L9(34) to study its zymolytic technology. The results showed that: (1) the optimum parameter of hydrolyzation with enzyme in rice polishings is rice polishings/water 1:5, protease 0.25%, added saccharifying enzyme 0.05%, added with 120min. (2) the optimum zymolytic craft parameters from liquor of rice polishings were liquor of rice polishing/fresh milk 8:2, inoculation size 3.0%, zymolytic temperature 41 ℃.


The nearshore circulation in the vicinity of Scripps Beach has been measured by means of very simple devices. It has been found that this circulation is controlled to a large degree by the wave convergence and divergence resulting from the diversified submarine relief outside this gently curving shoreline. The position of rip currents is similarly related to the points of wave convergence and divergence. The existence of strong longshore currents flowing against the direction of wave approach is established. The development of large eddies with vertical axes is discussed. Also the pulsating nature of outflowing rip currents is related to alternating groups of high and low breakers.


Telluride based chalcogenide glass fibers with improved optical mechanical and thermal properties are presented. These fibers are manufactured by using a plastic-glass multiple co-drawing technique. The loss in the 6-11 micron range is between 0.2 and 3 dB/m.


Abstract Background and aims: Monosodium salt of glutamic acid (MSG) is one of the most common food additives. The aim of study was to assess, in gender-specific terms, how prolonged administration of MSG effects on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formation and the apoptotic/necrotic processes in the population of rats circulating neutrophils. Material and methods: Experimental studies were conducted on 32 mature white rats. MSG was administered intragastrical at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight for 30 days. The analysis of cell samples to determine neutrophils with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and signs of apoptosis\necrosis was evaluated with flow laser cytometry method. The total nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity was determined by monitoring the rate of conversion of L-arginine into citrulline. The total quantity of NO metabolites was assessed by evaluating of nitrite and nitrate ions. Results: We found a significant increase in generation of ROS, intensification of nitroxydergic processes, an increase in the percentage of apoptotic neutrophils and no changes in the percentage of necrotic neutrophils. Conclusions: We observed activation of oxidative and nitroxydergic processes in rats with prolonged administration of MSG, which initiate apoptosis. In gender-specific terms, a more pronounced changes were seen in male rats.


Abstract The present study examined whether the degree to which participants engage in memory conformity, which occurs when a person alters their memory report of an event to be consistent with another person, can be predicted by their levels of interrogative suggestibility (IS), which is the degree to which people are susceptible to altering their memory reports during questioning. Memory conformity was introduced by having participant and confederate pairs study words and then complete a social recognition test where they took turns to make judgements to the same items. When the participants responded after the confederate, they tended to conform to confederate's judgements regardless of whether the confederate had made a correct or incorrect response. IS was measured using the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale 2. This scale allows separate measures of Yield, which is a measure of how susceptible people are to altering their memory reports of events as a result of leading questions, and Shift, which is a measure of how susceptible people are to changing responses to questions when placed under pressure to do so. Only Yield was a significant predictor of memory conformity.


We assess the impact of an inspection repair program administered to the secondary electrical grid in New York City. The question of interest is whether repairs reduce the incidence of future events that cause service disruptions ranging from minor to serious ones. A key challenge in defining treatment and control groups in the absence of a randomized experiment involved an inherent bias in selection of electrical structures to be inspected in a given year. To compensate for the bias, we construct separate models for each year of the propensity for a structure to have an inspection repair. The propensity models account for differences across years in the structures that get inspected. To model the treatment outcome, we use a statistical approach based on the additive effects of many weak learners. Our results indicate that inspection repairs are more beneficial earlier in the five-year inspection cycle, which accords with the inherent bias to inspect structures in earlier years that are known to have problems.


Theoretical analysis on the thermohydrodynamic properties of large mill oil-film bearing and the solutions to energy equation have been discussed. By finite differential method, Reynolds equation、heat transfer equations of journal and bushes、film thickness equation、equations of viscosity and density were integrated together to solve the heat effect problems of oil-film bearing. During solution , the case that viscosity and density varied with pressure and temperature were also considered; oil temperature distribution, as well as pressure and film thickness distributions under some loadcase were calculated


As an alternative to offsets, voluntary buyers could instead buy and cancel allowances from compliance markets. The purchase and cancellation of allowances reduces the available allowances in a cap-and-trade system, 'tightening the cap' and, in principle, reducing the emissions that can be produced by covered sources. By this logic, purchasing and cancelling an allowance compels covered sources to achieve additional mitigation. This approach has the advantage of making offset quality issues such as additionality less of a concern. This article examines two different scenarios: (1) The voluntary actor purchases and cancels allowances with the aim of decreasing allowance supply, tightening the cap and spurring greater reductions at facilities covered by the cap-and-trade programmes. (2) The voluntary actor undertakes actions of their own (e.g. requiring or purchasing more efficient electric appliances) that indirectly reduce emissions from covered sources (e.g. electricity generators), and purchases and cancels allowances with the aim of avoiding a corresponding increase in emissions at other sources and ensuring that their actions have a net emission reduction impact. The article further shows that cancelling allowances will only increase emissions reductions to the extent that markets are not over-supplied and could have the indirect effect of increasing the use of offsets by covered entities.


From January 1971 through March 1985, we experienced a total of 70 side-to-side choledochoduodenostomy procedures. Eighty percent of them were indicated for patients with gallstone diseases. Liver function tests returned to normal within 3 months after the operation. The size of the stoma and the width of the common duct were reduced about 30% within 3 postoperative months; however in 2 cases, they did not change for many years compared with the immediate postoperative sizes. In one of them, an anomalous junction of the pancreatico-biliary ductal system was demonstrated by ERCP. Intrahepatic gallstones recurred in these 2 patients 4 and 12 years after the operation, respectively. Postoperative cholangitis did not occur in the presence of an adequate stoma. Although clinical cholangitis was not observed except in 2 cases, histological cholangitis was constantly seen throughout a 10-yearfollow-up period. Gastric carcinoma developed in 2 cases 7 and 10 years after the operation, respectively. Its etiology is unknown. In conclusion, strictness of operative indications, and periodical and long-term follow-up study of postoperative patients are mandatory to obtain better clinical results.


Aeromagnetic surveys play an important role in the exploration of natural resources of economic interest, as well as in regional geologic mapping. Magnetic anomalies caused by the lateral variations of magnetization in the earth's crust often are characterized by smooth regional gradients with isolated features. The main goal of magnetic prospecting is to infer both the geometry and the magnetization of the geologic structure that causes the observed magnetic anomalies. However, akin to other potential-field methods, interpretation of magnetic field anomalies is non-unique because more than one distribution of magnetization (i.e., magnetic dipole moment per unit volume) and source


The purpose of the study was to determine whether there is a relationship between the peer group learning approach and student learning outcomes. The method used in this research is the Correlational Quantitative method. The research sample amounted to 53 students consisting of two classes namely class XI IPS 4 totaling 32 students and XI IPS 5 totaling 21 students. The technique of collecting data in this study uses observation techniques, questionnaires, and documentation. The results showed that the average relationship between the peer group learning approach in learning activities gained an average of 72.88 with the tifKtif 'criterion while the student learning outcomes obtained the criteria of "Very Good" with an average score of 88.62. If seen from the results of hypothesis testing using Pearson Product Moment correlation shows that t count = 0.4508> t table α 0.05 d n-1 = 0.297 then Ha is accepted Ho is rejected. Based on research There is a significant relationship between peer group learning approaches and student learning outcomes on economic subjects in Palembang 1 Public High School 2018/2019.Keywords: Peer Group Learning Approach, Learning Outcomes


With the ever increasing demand for portability, the need of power reduction is the most important aspect of circuit designing. In this paper we propose a Low Power High Speed Charge Sharing small swing domino Comparator which significantly reduces the power dissipation. The circuit is primarily based on the small swing domino logic which lowers the voltage level of logic 1 and increases the voltage level of logic 0. Thus proposed circuit reduces the power dissipation by 68.34% at a frequency of 100MHz in comparison to charge sharing dynamic latch comparator [1] and delay is minimized to 61.80%. The circuit is implemented on 90nm and 180nm CMOS technology.


Key-pecking rates before and after a 1.5-yr. interruption were compared in 4 pigeons while they performed on a variable interval schedule of food reinforcement. Analyses showed large differences in rates among animals but no systematic change in the individual rates across the lengthy interruption. The stability of the individual rates were thought to reflect the retention of superstitious response chains maintained by the stimuli associated with the schedule of positive reinforcement.


Ocular oncology management team needs contributions from various specialties like ophthalmology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, neurosurgery, interventional radiology, otorhinolaryngology and pathology. Advanced imaging techniques have aided in proper diagnosis of difficult intraocular cancer cases especially when the media is opaque and when we need to evaluate the extraocular extension. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapies are gaining priorities in the treatment protocol of ocular malignancies alongside surgical management.


The notion of simulation relation has been adopted from theoretical computing science to control theory to reduce the complexity arising in modeling physical processes. Simulations can serve as an abstraction of a given system behavior whilst preserving the input-output structure. We intend to apply simulation relations to develop a framework for compositional and assume-guarantee reasoning for linear dynamical systems. The underlying idea is to use information about the relation of components or subsystems to abstract the behavior of interconnected systems. The interconnection structure is hereby defined by two types of negative feedback.


The aim of this article is to identify the adequacy of the postmodern view of knowledge and values to produce tools of ethics management in economic organizations. It is questioned the possibility to conceive business ethics as a postmodern phenomenon. And, keeping this in mind, postmodernism and objectivism are comparatively analysed as complementary manners to epistemologically sustain ethics management. Narrative ethics is eventually considered an important postmodern contribution for obtaining relevant instruments of business ethics, but the stability of this construction is not in agreement with the postmodern spirit.


Yarns spun from a majority of polypropylene fibres showed high strength and low extension. The yarn breaking strength tended to increase after boiling-water treatment. Thermal treatments had no significant effect on either unevenness or imperfections. Boiling-water treatment caused a higher yarn residual shrinkage than heating at various temperatures


In this paper we propose a complete axiomatization of the bisimilarity distance of Desharnais et al. for the class of finite labelled Markov chains. Our axiomatization is given in the style of a quantitative extension of equational logic recently proposed by Mardare, Panangaden, and Plotkin (LICS'16) that uses equality relations t =_e s indexed by rationals, expressing that "t is approximately equal to s up to an error e".
Notably, our quantitative deductive system extends in a natural way the equational system for probabilistic bisimilarity given by Stark and Smolka by introducing an axiom for dealing with the Kantorovich distance between probability distributions.


Abstract The orthorhombic - monoclinic phase transition at Tc=277. 1K in [N(CH3)4]2MnBr4 crystals have been studied by measuring dielectric constant along the a, b, and c-axes in the wide range of temperature from 350K to 10K. The anomalous parts of the dielectric constants due to the phase transition are found to show very anomalous temperature dependence. In particular, the anomalous part of the dielectric constant along the c-axis shows broad maximum around 190K and shallow minimum around 120K. The results can be explained on the basis of the two sublattice ferridistortive model. [N(CH3)4]2MnBr4 is regard as ferridistortive crystal whose spontaneous shear strain consists of two kinds of sublattice strains with the opposite signs and the different magnitude.


The role of music in increas ing the exercise performance is wel l r ecogn i sed . There i s ve ry l i t t l e in fo rmat ion abou t e f fec t o f mus ic on t ime taken fo r pos t exe rc i se r ecovery . We examined the e f fec t o f mus ic and di f ferent musica l tempo on pos t exerc ise recovery t ime, fo l lowing t readmil l work . 30 vo lun tee r s (15 male , 15 female ) sub jec ted to i so ton ic exe rc i se (submaximal t readmi l l work) on three consecut ive days . They were a l lowed to res t in s i l ence on the f i r s t day , r e s t by hea r ing s low mus ic on second day and res t wi th f a s t mus ic on th i rd day . Pa ramete r s such as Pu l se r a t e , b lood p ressure , r a t ing o f pe rce ived exer t ion (RPE) were measured a t p rede te rmined in te rva l s . Repea ted measures ANOVA tes t showed tha t wi th slow music, recovery time of systolic blood pressure (SBP) (7.9±2.5), diastolic b lood p ressu re (DBP) (5 .5±3 .4 ) pu l se r a t e r ecovery (PR) (8 .0±2 .3 ) and recovery f rom exer t ion (RPE) (7 .7±2 .5 ) were s ign i f i can t ly f a s t e r when compared to both no music and fas t music . The individual music preference made no s ign i f ican t d i f fe rence in the re laxa t ion t ime . The s tudy conc luded tha t mus ic has tens pos t exe rc i se r ecovery and s low mus ic has g rea te r re laxa t ion e f fec t than fas t o r no mus ic , r ecovery t ime be ing independen t o f the gender and ind iv idua l mus ic p re fe rence .


It is held that Yanshan area can be divided into four different parts according to gravity and magnetic features. They are from north to south ① area north of Fengning-Longhua faulted zone, ②area between Fengning-Longhua faulted zone and Miyun-Banbishan-Chengde-Pingquan district, ③ area between Miyun-Banbishan-Chengde-Pingquan district and Sanhe-Changli district, and ④area south of Sanhe-Changli district. The Fengning-Longhua faulted zone is the southern boundary of the Inner Mongolia geological axis. The three density drastically-changing zones (Fengning-Longhua, Miyun-Banbishan, and Sanhe-Changli) may extend deeply into the middle crust, and the Chengde-Pingquan zone may be somewhat shallower than the above three zones.


The present investigation was carried out to study the antibiotic efficacy of turmeric oil in commercial broiler chicken. Day-old broiler chicks (144) were randomly divided into six treatment groups with four replicates of six chicks each. The experimental diets were corn – soya meal basal diet (T1), basal diet + antibiotic (500 ppm oxytetracycline-T2), basal diet + 0.025% turmeric oil (T3), 0.050% turmeric oil (T4), 0.075% turmeric oil (T5) and 0.100% turmeric oil (T6) respectively. The birds were reared under standard managemental practices for 42 days. The levels of serum total protein, albumin, globulin, serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and breast meat cholesterol were not influenced either by the supplementation of antibiotic or by the supplementation of turmeric oil at graded levels. Neither antibiotic nor turmeric oil supplementation had any significant effect on the gut microbial population (total microbes, Lactobacillus, E. coli and Clostridium) and length of ileal villi of broiler chicken. Turmeric oil supplementation at 0.025 and 0.050% levels led to significant reduction in crypt depth than that of antibiotic supplemented group. Dietary supplementation of turmeric oil at 0.025 and 0.100% levels showed higher profit (` 0.32 and 1.03/kg live weight gain respectively) when compared to antibiotic supplemented group. It could therefore be concluded that supplementation of turmeric oil at 0.025% level instead of antibiotic feed additive would produce similar effect on serum lipid profile, meat quality, gut microbial load and intestinal morphology in broiler chicken.


The purpose of this study is to quantify the gap between the calculated energy need of a building model with simplified and detailed windows and suggest a method for reducing the gap. We composed a model of a detached house in the cold climate of Estonia and studied its energy needs with triple and quadruple windows. Standard window models resulted in heating need lower by up to 7% and cooling need higher by up to 23%. In case of triple windows multiplying the U-value of standard window models by 1.15 minimized the mismatch in the calculated energy needs with different window models.


Objective: to find a modern technology to produce honey fortified naturally with lycopene extracted from tomatoes and to examine the bioactivity of the novel product. Materials and methods: Lycopene was extracted from tomatoes, tomatoes peels and tomatoes juice, the presence of lycopene and its concentrations was detected using UV-vis., the extracted lycopene was added to natural honey in different concentrations, the presence of lycopene in naturally fortified honey produced using HPLC technology was detected and active ingredients were detected using GC-MASS technology. Results: the tomatoes peels gave the highest concentration of lycopene compared to other parts, it gave a value of 0.52 relay factor (Rf) in addition to the appearance of a peak at a retention time (Rt) of 11.3 minutes corresponding to the standard lycopene top retention time, when performing a spectrophotometry between (300-600nm), pure lycopene gave three peaks at 440,460, 503nm wavelengths, and the retention coefficient (COD) is 0.98, 1.00, and 0.96 respectively. The effectiveness of enzymes (SOD) and (GPX) when treating with CCl4, it was found that the effectiveness of the two enzymes increased when using honey and lycopene in its various forms, as shown in results, a number of raw lycopene components appear in fortified honey such as; Ibuprofen, anti-inflammatory, sedative and substance, 1-Tetrazol-2-ylethanone, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-epileptic, anti-viral, antihypertensive, anti-malarial drug, anti- anxiety, depression, antihistamine, and 4H-Pyran-4 -one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl which is an anti- cancer substance. Conclusion: the new honey fortified with lycopene shows a high activity against microbes, and also can be applied as anti-depression, anti-allergic and more.


In suggested paper the nonlinear complementarity problem (CP) is considered with relatively new position. Given the continuous mappings of real n-space into itself, find a vector such that g(x) ⩾0f(x) ⩾0g(x)T f(x)=0. The relationship of the CP with the linear problem of the moments is investigated. On the basic ideas of the linearization method the algorithm of the solving the CP is formulated and theoretically grounded. The new condition of existence of the solution are brought and the relationship of this condition with already known similar ones is investigated


This paper applies the methods of Gruber and Saez (2002) to a panel of tax returns spanning years 1979 through 2001 in order to examine the sensitivity of the elasticities of taxable and broad income to an array of factors. The paper finds that Gruber and Saez's approach yields an estimated elasticity of taxable income (ETI) for the 1990s that is about half the size of my corresponding estimate for the 1980s. The paper finds that weighting regression results by income not only has a substantial impact on the estimates, but also results in overall estimates that are


The World Health Organization has declared the pandemic of the novel SARS-CoV2 infection early 2020 and it has now become a major public health challenge worldwide. The infection control and physical distancing measures are crucial to prevent the virus from further spreading and help to control the pandemic situation. Any freak accident that happens in the world will always leave its impact on education. And so the epidemic of COVID 19 has its footprints on education.


Abstract : This document addresses an Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) study responding to a Japanese government request for references that would be of assistance to Japan in conducting defense capability assessments, acquisition planning, and cost estimation. Sources reviewed included books, journals, periodicals, articles, documents, and websites. In developing the list of references, IDA's objective was to be highly selective, i.e., to incorporate the most pertinent and useful U.S., and non-U.S. publications and sources. The primary criteria for selecting references included: extent to which reference effectively addressed some major portion of the topic of interest for this project; quality and clarity of the writing; and userfriendliness. IDA's search efforts identified thirty-five references that met the criteria established for the study. Of this total, 54 percent address capability planning, 40 percent address costing, and the remaining 6 percent address cost reimbursable contracts. To enable study users to gain quick access to the references, the document includes a set of References Access CDs containing PDF files or links to websites where the publications can be directly downloaded at no cost or information on where the publications can be purchased or obtained from public and other libraries in the geographic vicinity of the user.


LIMITED DATA INDICATE THAT THE BEHAVIOR OF DRIVERS OPERATING UNDER ARTIFICIAL LIGHT MAY CONFORM VERY NEARLY TO THEIR BEHAVIOR IN THE DAYTIME, BUT THAT THE BEHAVIOR OF NIGHTTIME DRIVERS WITHOUT OVERHEAD LIGHTS MAY DIFFER MEASURABLY FROM THEIR BEHAVIOR IN THE DAYTIME. IN THESE OBSERVATIONS DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE BEHAVIORS OF DRIVERS DURING DAYLIGHT AND DARKNESS WERE MOST APPARENT IN THE FREQUENCY OF PASSING AND IN THE TRANSVERSE POSITIONS OF VEHICLES ON THE PAVEMENT. THERE IS INCONCLUSIVE EVIDENCE THAT SPEED MAY ALSO BE AFFECTED. DURING DAYTIME THE DRIVERS UTILIZED 57.7 PERCENT OF THE AVAILABLE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PASSING AS COMPARED TO 55.6 PERCENT DURING NIGHTTIME WITH THE HIGHWAY LIGHTED. AT NIGHT WITH THE HIGHWAY UNLIGHTED THE DRIVERS UTILIZED ONLY 38.5 PERCENT OF THE AVAILABLE OPPORTUNITIES FOR PASSING. THE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS OF TRANSVERSE POSITIONS WERE ALMOST IDENTICAL FOR CONDITIONS OF DAYTIME AND NIGHTTIME WITH THE HIGHWAY LIGHTED, BUT THERE IS A MARKED DIFFERENCE IN THESE DISTRIBUTIONS FOR CONDITIONS OF DAYTIME AND NIGHTTIME WITH THE HIGHWAY UNLIGHTED. THE AVERAGE POSITION OF THE RIGHT WHEEL OF PASSENGER CARS MOVING FREELY WAS 3.3 FT. FROM THE EDGE OF A 20-FT. PAVEMENT DURING BOTH DAYTIME AND NIGHTTIME WITH THE HIGHWAY LIGHTED. WITH THE HIGHWAY UNLIGHTED, THIS AVERAGE POSITION WAS ONE-HALF FOOT NEARER THE CENTER OF THE ROADWAY. /AUTHOR/


AbstractIn this paper we study conditional portfolio optimization problems when the conditional moments of returns are predictable. Our purpose is to investigate which state variables are statistically significant for the portfolio strategy in the Japanese market. By parametrizing the portfolio strategy, we transform the conditional problem into the unconditional problem and formulate the problem as a statistical estimation problem. This helps us determine the state variables which we should focus on.


The purpose of this study, namely 1) to find out how the application of mobile learning learning in fiqh subjects. 2) to find out what factors hinder the application of mobile learning in fiqh subjects, and 3) to determine the supporting factors in the application of mobile learning in fiqh subjects. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive analysis method. Data analysis and research results obtained from observations, interviews, documentation are data reduction, data display, and conclusions / verification.The results of the study show that 1) The application of mobile learning for fiqh subjects initially utilized several supporting applications, which later developed using only watshaap, and e-learning. The use of single sheet lesson plans and various other letter sheets and subjects can be directly accessed on the internet directly without having to go to school. 2) The inhibiting factor of the application of mobile learning is only at the beginning of the transfer of offline files to online. 3) The supporting factors in the application of mobile learning for fiqh learning are, the school facilitates wifi for teachers in schools,and the distribution of free quota assistance to students at MIN 1 Jombang.


Background: Hypertension (HTN) is the leading risk factor for death and disability globally and disproportionately impacts low-and middle-income countries. HTN is present in 25% of urban and 10% of rural subjects in India. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of pre-HTN and HTN among the attendants of patients at a rural tertiary care institute of Haryana.Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. A total of 309 attendants of patients were enrolled for this study. Diagnosis of pre-HTN and HTN was done on the basis of seventh joined national committee guidelines. Data were collected on a semi-structured proforma and were analysed by using R software.Results: The prevalence of pre-HTN and HTN was 18.4% and 21.4% respectively. Both the pre-HTN and HTN were significantly higher in males (p=0.002) and in the age group of 45 to 55 years (p<0.001). The multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that sex, age >55 years and BMI >23 kg/m2 were significantly associated with pre-HTN and HTN.Conclusions: The prevalence of both prehypertension and hypertension is high in rural Haryana. This makes the people of this area vulnerable to several chronic diseases. The findings warrant urgent measures to lower the risk factors in rural communities. So, programs are needed to improve the surveillance systems and implementation of community based screening programs for early detection of hypertension.


This is a case of a 45 year old man, diagnosed with transverse myelitis of the thoracic spine [T4T9], who had unexpected gains in bladder function and sensory outcomes during activity-based lower extremity neuromuscular electrical stimulation [LE-NMES]. While transverse myelitis, characterized as a non-traumatic, inflammatory lesion of the spinal cord, can result in sensory, motor and autonomic deficits, bladder dysfunction often remains one of the most common and disabling consequences. This case report compares urodynamic outcomes [bladder capacity, pressure, voiding efficiency, and uroflow parameters] over three consecutive annual time points as the individual participated in a spinal cord injury [SCI] outpatient rehabilitation clinic and community-based fitness and wellness center. Sensory improvements were assessed in accordance with the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. Improvements in voiding efficiency, bladder pressure and compliance as well as lower extremity sensation coincided with activity-based LE-NMES. The results of this case report have therapeutic implications by providing physiological outcomes that may help direct future NMES rehabilitative approaches, especially for those with bladder dysfunction. Additional research is warranted to elucidate optimal LE-NMES parameters that may facilitate urologic and sensory recovery for different SCI presentations. Since NMES is highly accessible in the clinical setting, future work could inform how this therapy is implemented in a broader context.


The current work investigates the effects of a broadly adopted online matchmaking site on the nature and quality of married couples formed. Measures of personality, emotion, interests, values and marital adjustment were collected from a sample of married couples who had been introduced by an online matchmaking service, and from a sample of married couples who had met through unfettered choice. Results showed that couples introduced by the online matchmaking site were more similar, and that such similarity in general using the current measures was a strong predictor of marital adjustment in both online matched and comparison couples. Marriages resulting from the online matchmaking service were observed to have significantly higher scores for marital adjustment. We conclude that online matchmaking services based on predictive inference and proscribed selection can be observed to have a significant and meaningful impact on marital quality


The symmetry of wave functions in the one-electron band theory of ferromagnetic solids is discussed. The exchange interaction, spin-orbit coupling, and coupling of spins to the magnetic induction vector B are included in the Hamiltonian. The resulting symmetry, which is not invariant under time reversal, can contain only those point operations which belong to the paramagnetic space group and leave the pseudo-vector B invariant at the same time. Character tables are presented for the case of face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic, and hexagonal close-packed structures and for various directions of B. Compatibility relations and lifting of degeneracies are discussed.


In order to provide the comfortable areas for human, the comfortable rooms are the basic needs area, controlled temperature, and relative humidity (RH). The aim of this study is to control and maintain the temperature and RH of the comfortable room using a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller tuned by metaheuristic optimization. In tuning gains of the PID controller, the modern metaheuristic optimizations, ant colony optimization (ACO), and symbiotic organism search (SOS) are applied and the performance of the proposed control system is compared to that of the traditional methods. In the experimental testing, the controlled room size is tested in the area of width 7.80 m, length 8.00 m, and height 3.80 m. The simulation results show that the performance of the proposed control system-tuned gains of PID controllers by using SOS algorithm has the least steady-state error with 15% rise time and also the overshoot can reach the setpoint. In the case of disturbance occurring in the system, the proposed control system is able to approach the setpoint. Therefore, the PID controller tuned by SOS algorithm can regulate the temperature and humidity of the comfortable room, proficiently.


Although it has been labeled the "First Industrial Revolution," British growth and industrialization was slow between the 1760s and the 1820s. The explanation seems to lie with low capital formation shares in national income, low rates of accumulation, and thus little change in the capital-labor ratio. What accounts for the modest investment rates? Lack of thrift? Weak investment demand? This paper argues that the answer is to be found in the enormous debt issues used, to finance the French Wars.


The origins of the Tas-Salvatur chapel go back to the 15th century, but historical events brought about demolitions (at the beginning of the Great Siege of 1565 by order of the Grand Master Jean Parisot de la Vallette, and during the uprising against the French in 1798), re-edifications (in 1670 by prior Fra Giovanni Bichi) and interventions over the ages. Inaccessible during past years to parishioners and completely abandoned, the whole chapel is at present the subject of a conservation project carried out by the Malta Center for Restoration within the Cottonera Rehabilitation Project. In the first phase of restoration works, several scientific analyses were performed in order to define the nature of constituent materials and to evaluate the causes and the effects of deterioration processes. Original polychrome layers and repainting were found on the statue of the Madonna with Child situated in the external niche, on the altar, on the overhanging frame and on the sepulchral monument located in the interior of the chapel. Optical microscopy (under visible and UV light), SEM-EDX and FT-IR analysis were carried out identify the painting materials, the remnants of external plastering layers on the facade and the internal ones. Most of the repainting layers are made of lead white (2 PbCO3 PbCO3 Pb(OH)2) and lithopone [BaSO4 + ZnS (ZnO)]. The frame was originally gilded with a guazzo technique and covered later on with several layers of paint. The sepulchral monument in memory of Fra Giovanni Bichi was originally covered with a reddish layer of ochre on stone, while the central framed medallion and the relief portrait of the deceased were gilded (a missione). Below, on the lion's head that forms the lower part of the coat of arms, a brilliant vermilion red (HgS) was revealed under the gray repainting layers. Distribution of salts in the external masonry was evaluated and quantitative data were obtained by means of IC analysis. Tests for the extraction of salts were performed on the lower part of the altar. Sulphatation processes were found where subflorescences of gypsum are the main cause of the loss of stone material (flaking).


A driving method for a touch control system comprises a liquid crystal panel driving circuit and a touch control sensing circuit. The liquid crystal panel driving circuit can sequentially drive each block of a plurality of blocks of a liquid crystal panel to display an image in picture time according to a first control signal. When the block displays the image, the touch control sensing circuit can capture a current panel noise reference value of a touch control block not corresponding to the block in a touch control panel according to a second control signal. The touch sensing circuit can update a front panel noise reference value of the touch control block at former picture time according to the current panel noise reference value. The touch control sensing circuit can carry out touch control detection on the touch control block to generate touch control original data according to a third control signal. The touch control sensing circuit can generate touch control data corresponding to the touch control block according to the touch control original data and the current panel noise reference value.


The learning organization theory provide new visual angle with solving the question of Liaoning province coaches development. Liaoning province coaches development should actively use structurized learning method and activity and make formal training method as supplement, to promote learning and development of athletics events depend on system dynamical chain that interaction of organization internal promoting factors formed. Studying of organization learning internal promoting factors should mainly concentrate on investigation of learning organization.


The aim of this study is to adapt the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) into Turkish. The COREQ checklist is used to determine the key points in reporting qualitative research. It consists of thirty-two items under three domains: research team and reflexivity, study design, and analysis and findings. Today, the COREQ are used by many academic journals for reporting qualitative research. Three researchers (3rd, 4th, and 5th authors) translated the COREQ into Turkish independently of each other. The final version of the translation was decided with a consensus among the authors. Then, an independent expert back translated the criteria and examined the compatibility between the original and translated versions. In order to evaluate the reproducibility of the * Sorumlu Yazar: email@example.com European Journal of Science and Technology e-ISSN: 2148-2683 523 Turkish version and to ensure they are understood correctly by the researchers, 2 researchers (1st and 2nd authors) examined 20 articles which used qualitative research methods. The agreement between the researchers was analyzed using the inter-rater agreement percentage for each criterion. The agreement was also evaluated using the Bland-Altman method, the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), and the total number of reported criteria. According to the analysis, the agreement between the researchers was significant. Additionally, the scores of the examined articles range between 3 and 19. The average score of the articles was approximately 12.15. There is no article that fully meets all the COREQ criteria. The Turkish version of the COREQ could be a guide for researchers, authors, reviewers, journal editors, and readers.


Little is known about lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) ecology, especially its distribution in the open Barents Sea. This paper describes fluctuations in abundance and biomass indices of lumpfish based on pelagic trawl catches. This long-term monitoring survey has been conducted between August and September since 1980. Investigations show that lumpfish is widely distributed in the pelagic waters of the Barents Sea. Relative biomass and abundance indices were calculated for the period 1980 –2012. The mean annual biomass was estimated to be 48 000 t, with a maximum of 143 000 t; the estimated mean annual abundance was 53 million individuals, with a maximum of 132 million individuals. There were more juveniles than adults, with juveniles comprising 40– 80% of the total abundance (average 60%). The largest concentrations of both juveniles and adults were in years with warm temperatures. The majority of fish were found in waters of 5 – 78C (60% of juveniles) and 4 – 78C (70% of adults), indicating a strong association with Atlantic water masses in the Barents Sea. Regulations on the Norwegian and Russian fisheries for prespawning lumpfish are based only on after-the-fact fishery data and, therefore, have been insufficient in preventing negative effects on the lumpfish resource from fishing. Understanding the stock fluctuations and the use of fishery-independent data may improve the precautionary approach to fishery management. The use of lumpfish indices from the scientific surveys in the Barents Sea should be implemented to strengthen the current stock assessment.


A review of the Stiller-Smith mechanism is followed by a summary of balancing techniques to date. These are supplemented with further balancing techniques which allow engines with any multiple of four cylinders to be balanced. The use of counter-rotating shafts enables wobble induced by a single four-cylinder Stiller-Smith mechanism to be countered. The advantages and disadvantages of the different configurations are discussed with respect to balancing. Of special interest are two 16-cylinder configurations which are completely balanced without the use of counterweights.


This paper presents domain-independent methods of spoken document retrieval. Both a continuous-speech large vocabulary recognition system, and a phone-lattice word spotter, are used to locate index units within an experimental corpus of voice messages. Possible index terms are nearly unconstrained; terms not in a 20,000 word recognition system vocabulary can be identified by the word spotter at search time. Though either system alone can yield respectable retrieval performance, the two methods are complementary and work best in combination. Different ways of combining them are investigated, and it is shown that the best of these can increase retrieval average precision for a speakerindependent retrieval system to 85% of that achieved for full-text transcriptions of the test documents.


ABSTRACT We show how the theory of (dual) strongly relative Rickart objects may be employed in order to study strongly relative regular objects and (dual) strongly relative Baer objects in abelian categories. For each of them, we prove general properties, we analyze the behavior with respect to (co)products, and we study the transfer via functors. We also give applications to Grothendieck categories, (graded) module categories and comodule categories.


Spread of alien species (AS) is a serious threat to marine habitats and analysis of principal descriptors of their occurrence is pivotal to set reliable conservation strategies. 2. In order to assess the susceptibility of marine habitats to biological invasions, a dataset was gathered of the occurrence of 3899 species from 29 phyla, taken from 93 marine sites located along the Italian coast in the period 2000-2012.


Collecting ancient furniture — or furniture thought to be ancient — for display in 'romantic interiors' proliferated in 18th-century Britain; such pieces became so popular that by the 1840s it was easy to purchase generic examples across the country. This essay explores the output of George Shaw (1810–76), a particularly industrious early Victorian antiquary, who, besides working as an architect, restorer and supplier of Gothic-style interiors, also peddled fake ancestral furniture made for specific victims. He claimed his modern forgeries were from the time of Henry VII or Henry VIII, and this essay demonstrates how they were indebted to his long-term antiquarian research into medieval architecture, heraldry and woodwork. Some of Shaw's forgeries, particularly those for the 4th duke of Northumberland, have been considered at length recently; however, this essay demonstrates that our understanding of his corpus is far from complete given the recent emergence of his until now forgotten work for the Mosleys of Rolleston Hall in Staffordshire. It also shows how the family's important collection of ancient furniture, some of it gifted by Elizabeth I, had a direct influence upon his work, and that we should consider him to be a more significant figure in the history of Victorian furniture and forgery than we currently understand him to be.


Abstract General procedures are described for the synthesis of members of five pairs of related homologous series of mesogenic azomethines differing in the mode of linkage of the CH˭N group and containing a cycloalkyl group in a terminal position.


Attempts to maximize the precipitation yield of the major proteins via thermal processing of whey obtained from milks of Portuguese native breeds of ewes and goats was done using heating time, heating temperature, and stirring rate as independently manipulated variables. the experiments were planned according to a full factorial design with eight corner points, six axial points, and three replicated center points. Assessment of the fractions of β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin removed by precipitation was done by gel filtration chromatography. the loci of the values of each manipulated variable (when the remaining two are fixed) which lead to critical points were obtained for both proteins, and the nature of such points was found. Comparative evaluation of the various loci has indicated that maxima for the precipitation of α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin from both whey sources exist. However, a maximum value for the selectivity of precipitation of β-lactoglobulin relative to that of α-lactalbumin (within physically realizable conditions and without extrapolation from the experimental range covered) exists only for goat's whey (at a temperature of ca. 92C, heating time of ca. 46 min, and stirring rate of ca. 79 r.p.m.).


A vanadium redox flow batteries system was modelling. Through theoretical analysis and research on the all vanadium redox flow batteries system under different pipe diameter and velocity of pump loss,the pump depletion of the law is concluded. Using the Fluent software simulate half cell electrolyte distribution under different flow rate,the performances of all vanadium redox flow batteries are affected by different charging current and velocity. Results show that according to the loss of vanadium battery structure optimization control pump and the electrolyte flow rate,it is very important to improve the efficiency of vanadium battery energy storage system and the battery system stability. In the large scale energy storage technology,the pump damage and the influence of flow rate are more apparent.


The author analyzes the costs and benefits of bid protests, with a focus on protests filed at the Government Accountability Office (GAO). The author explains that the costs are often overstated, in that GAO's reporting methodology leads observers to overstate the number of protests and the frequency of successful protests. The author also reports on research regarding what happens after GAO sustains protests, and indicates that firms that successfully protest to GAO generally do not obtain the contract that was the subject of the protest. The article also explains that the "automatic stay" of procurements triggered by a protest to GAO rarely stays in place for the maximum allowable time. The author also addresses the benefits of protests, such as the increase in transparency and accountability that they bring.


The dust collecting method, and this dust collecting apparatus for a vacuum cleaner is disclosed. The dust collecting apparatus of a vacuum cleaner to the present invention, in the dust collecting apparatus for a vacuum cleaner for separating dust from the dust containing the inlet air by the suction force, the air inlet formed in the upper wall of the dust collecting device; The inlet pipe for guiding the air inlet and communicates with the inlet air to the interior of the dust collecting device; An air outlet formed on the side wall of the dust collecting device; It prevents the collected dust from being reverse flow, at least one guide member formed in the dust collector; And mounted to the lower portion of the guide member, characterized by including the collected dust receptacle that stores dust. Cyclones, the dust collecting method, an air inlet, an air outlet, the guide member


The tocotrienol isomers (α‐, β‐, γ‐ and δ‐) are naturally occurring analogues of the Vitamin E family found mainly in cereal grains and palm oil, and are widely used as antioxidant and hypolipidemic agents. We have initially investigated the role of mixture of dietary α‐, β‐, γ‐ and δ‐tocotrienols (Tocomin) in inhibiting the infection/inflammation induced lipoprotein oxidation in hamsters. Syrian hamsters were injected with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 200 μg), zymosan (20 mg), or turpentine (0.5 ml) to mimic acute infection, acute systemic inflammation, and acute localized inflammation, respectively. Tocomin (1.0 mg) was administered daily for 10 days before and 12 h after LPS or 24 h after turpentine or zymosan injection. Our results demonstrated that tocotrienols pretreatment significantly decreased the levels of plasma lipid peroxidation products, whereas plasma total antioxidant level was significantly increased. In addition, pretreatment with tocotrienols significantly reversed/restored the low density lipoprotein (LDL) and erythrocytes lipid peroxidation, including an increase in lag phase of copper‐induced LDL oxidation. Moreover, tocotrienols mediated a significant amelioration in LDL‐lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) content as well as in arylesterase activity, indicating a potent antioxidant property of tocotrienols. In conclusion, our results indicate that the alleviation of inflammatory conditions and oxidative stress as well as inhibition of LDL oxidation are due to potent free radical scavenging properties of dietary tocotrienols and, thus, can be used as a dietary supplements in the prevention and treatment of systemic inflammatory process which might induce atherosclerosis.


The article overviews body commodification issues in postmodern sociology discussions about identity and consumer culture. Author analyses how body images become a sign of good life and an indicator of cultural capital or as a field of hedonistic practices. There are emphasis on selfhood in contemporary consumer culture, where the body is regarded as a changeable form of existence which can be shaped according to individual needs and desires and impose the duty to care about own body as a representational object. The article analyses popular culture as a site of consumer identity implosion, fragmentation, and presents a short overview of bodily practices, which repress physical body to maintain and sustain consumerist conceptions of identity.


Objective To study of myocardial perfusion imaging normal and disease patients with coronary angiography the impact of factors. Methods We conducted 267 cases of coronary angiography confirmed coronary artery disease patients and a radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging exercise load normal patient's clinical examination retrospective analysis of data and compare the difference. Results All patients completed according to requirements of campaign stress myocardial perfusion imaging, of which 97 cases(34.8%) movement to achieve a satisfactory stress test, the maximal exercise heart rate. 267 cases of coronary angiography showed that single-vessel 168 cases(62.9%),double-vascular lesions in 61 cases(22.8%), three vascular lesions 35 cases(13%),single Zhizuo trunk vascular lesions three cases(1.12%); 35 cases of three lesions in 27 patients(77%) of the vessels extent of the difference between the narrow ≤20%, shows a narrow lesions more balanced. 267 cases of coronary artery stenosis patients were 410,of which the left anterior descending artery(LAD) 188 branch(45.9%),left circumflex branch(LCX) 106 branch(25.9%),the right coronary artery(RCA) 104 branch(25.4%),the left main coronary artery 12(2.9%); stenosis for 50%~70% of 175(42.7%), 70%~90% of a 203(49.5%), 90%~100% of a 32(7.8%). Conclusion The negative of myocardial perfusion imaging and coronary angiography and more narrow in the lack of physical activity,mild to moderate stenosis patients,single-vessel disease and the balance of the three patients.


Albatrosses and petrels (Order Procellariiformes) are renowned for the huge distances they can cover at sea, and since the advent of tracking technology their pelagic lifestyles are generally well studied. However, tropical species are under-represented in the literature, and may be particularly flexible in their behaviour since tropical oceans are oligotrophic and prey availability is often patchily distributed. Round Island petrels breed in such an environment off the coast of Mauritius in the south-western Indian Ocean. Whilst originally identified as Trindade petrels (Pteromdroma arminjoniana), it has recently been revealed that this population is in fact a mixed, hybridizing population with at least two additional species, namely the Kermadec and Herald petrels (P. neglecta and P. heraldica). However, to date no research has been conducted on the colony-based at-sea distribution of these petrels, or how their mixed ancestry may influence their distribution at sea. In this thesis I firstly explore the possibility that Round Island may not be the only point of contact between these species and find that migration and introgression between wide-ranging Pterodroma may be more common than previously thought. I go on to develop a novel data cleaning method to enable the analysis of geolocation data from Round Island petrels, and use that data to describe for the first time their at-sea distribution and the extensive within-population variation in these patterns. Finally, I use a combination of tracking and microsatellite genotype data to ultimately weigh the influence of individual genetic background and the wider seasonal environment on distribution variability around the breeding colony. The Round Island petrel population is a stronghold where seabird populations globally are in decline. This thesis adds to the limited literature on ecology of tropical petrel species, and highlights the importance of considering behavioural and genetic diversity in future conservation plans.


The present series of studies provide validation of a new paradigm that uniquely combines the assessment of the propensity to engage in social investigation with measures of (nonsocial) exploratory activity in rats. Assessment of this social investigation paradigm indicated that (a) rats showed a robust preference for social investigation over nonsocial exploratory activity, (b) female rats showed a greater preference for social investigation than male rats, (c) no signs of habituation in these responses were observed when rats were tested once daily for 4 consecutive days, (d) the preference for social investigation was stable and robust in both the dark and light periods of the daily light cycle for 5 consecutive days, and (e) testing under bright light conditions suppressed social investigation. In addition, acute administration of opiate xploration orphine altrexone mphetamine aloperidol ats drugs, low dose morphine (1.0 mg/kg) and naltrexone (1.0 mg/kg) produced a more robust attenuation of social investigation than nonsocial exploratory activity. Amphetamine increased both forms of investigation and haloperidol had the opposite effect, but the overall preference for social investigation over exploratory activity remained largely intact after both amphetamine and haloperidol injection. Together, these findings validate the use of this behavioral task to assess changes in social-motivation and general rtant h mo exploratory activity. Impo drug manipulations whic


The use of burnable poisons (BP) rods or burnable absorbers (BA) as a replacement of soluble poisons gives a precious function in nuclear fuels. A higher concentration of boron content in moderator makes a positive moderator temperature coefficient (MTC) in PWR. To reduce the boron content and to avoid positive MTC in PWR, the use of BP or BA might be one of the solutions. It is also negotiated with the excess reactivity, smooth the flux, and the neutron spectrum will be hardened, hence yield enlarged core lifetime without any reduction in the safety of the reactor [1]. The rate of burnout can be adjusted by BA configuration in the fuel or assembly. For instance, dense lumps of BA can deplete slower than tinny layers due to self-shielding. The nuclear fission chain reaction releases a tremendous amount of energy. To be controlled, this energy a predictable manner required. BAs materials are utilized to governor these nuclear chain reactions in an expectable way. These materials have higher neutron absorber cross section and are considered one of the most important tools for nuclear reactor safety. In PWR fuels, generally two types of BAs are used: Integral burnable absorbers (IBAs) and Burnable poison rods (BPRs) [2]. IBAs are fixed, whereas BPRs are removable. In IBAs, Neutron-absorbing materials such as gadolinia (Gd2O3) or erbia (Er2O3) are directly mixed in a selected fuel rod location with the uranium dioxide (UO2) fuel within an assembly. BPRs, however, are rods containing neutronabsorbing materials that are inserted into the PWR assembly guide tubes. The Westinghouse has manufactured two main types of BPRs: Pyrex Burnable absorber assemblies (BAAs) and Wet annular burnable absorbers (WABAs). After all, both categories of BAs can be employed to control nuclear reactor core reactivity and local power peaking with optimization of fuel utilization. Over-all, BAs are designed to function during the first cycle of irradiation of a fresh, unirradiated fuel assembly. After one cycle of irradiation, the BPRs are certainly detached from the fuel assembly and permitting primary coolant to occupy the guide tube volume displaced by the BPRs. On the other hand, IBA rods keep in the fuel assembly throughout its lifetime and its usually account for a small reactivity penalty at the end of life, due to incomplete consumption of the neutron-absorber material. In this paper, only the uses of BAAs inside the core. The BAA BPRs utilize borosilicate glass (B2O3-SiO2 with 12.5 wt% B2O3) in the form of Pyrex tubing as a neutron absorber with a void central region and 304 stainless steel cladding material. The STREAM/RASTK 2.0 (ST/R2) [3,4] is a two-step neutronics core analysis code system for pressurized light water reactor. STREAM, A lattice physics code and RAST-K, a nodal diffusion code have been developed by computational reactor physics and experiment laboratory (CORE) in Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST). This neutronics code (ST/R2) has a platform of coupling with thermal/hydraulic and fuel performance code [5].


still imperative that we make the utmost contribution ofwhich we are capable, but -eve must reconcile ourselves to a good deal of hard work with relatively small returns in the way of appreciation orprestige. These considerations emerge, more by implication than by way of direct statement, from the voltunes under review. The authors indeed give every possible mphasis to the signs that Canada was growing to a new stature in world affairs. It is quite proper that stress hould be laid on such features as Canada's place on various war-time boards, or the part played by the Canadian delegation in .the discussions of the Charter of the United Nations. Yet the effect of the na•ative as a whole is to bring home the realization that while Canada's contribution during these critical years was valuable in its extent and generally constructive in its effect, and while it represented a major effort in terms of Canada's tructure and population, it was still not on a scale that would entitle the nation to anything more than a minor partnership in the eyes of its chief associates. Professors Lingard and Trotter shrewdly point out how the entry of the United States into the war automatically reduced the importance which Britain attached to Canada s an .ally, and this was symptomatic of the position in which she inevitably found herself in the post-war grouping of Powers.


This primer aims to provide sufficient background to explain "Distribution of technetium-99m PEGliposomes during oligofructose induced laminitis development in horses," and subsequently assist in understanding the consequence of that paper on the field of laminitis research. Underwood, Pollitt, Metselaar, Laverman, van Bloois, van den Hoven, Storm, and van Eps are leaders within this field of research. Their experiment, being discussed in this primer, aimed to investigate the accumulation and biodistribution of liposomes during an oligofructose experimental model of laminitis in equines. Radiolabeling the liposomes allowed these researchers to identify that liposomes readily accumulate in the lamellar tissue of laminitic horses. Liposomes have been used for drug delivery in other disease models, due to their ability to carry aqueous solutions in their inner compartment. Knowing that they accumulate in the lamellar tissue during laminitis development indicates that they may be useful for targeted drug delivery to the lamellar tissue. This could provide the breakthrough in finding a clinical application for pharmaceutical intervention of laminitis.


Microbial populations, pH, ammonium nitrogen/total nitrogen (N-NH3) ratio, concentrations of lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid and the chemical composition of Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basiliski silages at different regrowth ages (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 days) were evaluated by using 2-kg capacity laboratory silos. It was used a 5 × 6 factorial scheme (5 regrowth ages × 6 fermentation periods) in a complete random design, with three replicates. The fermentation periods were 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. Lactic acid bacteria populations were recorded in fresh forage varying from 3.93 (30 days of regrowth) to 5.51 (70 days of regrowth) log colony-forming units (cfu)/g forage. Maximum populations of these microorganisms were recorded in the silages on the seventh day of fermentation (8.69 log cfu/g silage). Enterobacteria populations persisted until the 28th day, with maximum values found as early as the first day of fermentation (7.89 log cfu/g silage). Levels of DM, NDF, ADF and ADIN increased linearly whereas values of CP decreased linearly with age of regrowth of the plants. There was a linear reduction in the levels of DM, CP and NDF and linear increase in the levels of ADIN over the period of fermentation. N-NH3 level decreased and increased linearly with regrowth age and fermentation period, respectively. The pH decreased exponentially with fermentation period. Lactic acid increased and butyric acid decreased linearly with regrowth age. The predominant Lactobacillus plantarum species in signalgrass plants is Lactobacillus plantarum.