Reliable derivatives up to second order over a surface are obtained from holographic interferograms. This is done on a large scale, handling an amount of data that would be prohibitive if attempted by hand smoothing. This opens the way for bending and shear strain determinations in a non-contacting way over large fields of view. The surface need be treated in no special way, in contrast to the preparation required with brittle lacquers and photoelastic coatings. Strains in the microstrain range are readily measured. Holographic interferometry in conjunction with the numerical methods mentioned constitute a non-contacting optical strain gauge. Furthermore it makes possible experimental application of sophisticated modal analysis because the normal modes upon which these techniques are based are directly measured. For example, if the vibratory behavior is known, through a sufficiently large sample of the normal modes, then the static behavior may be calculated. Similarly, if the normal modes of a non-rotating body are known its behavior in a rotating system can be calculated. Thus the centrifugal stiffening of a turbine rotor may be predicted from a knowledge of the spectrum of its normal modes.


MR fluid can change viscosity in the presence of a magnetic field. A characteristic of MR fluid is reduced scattering during jetting. For these reasons a MR fluid jet polishing system can be used for ultra-precision polishing. In the current paper, the polishing path was calculated considering the aspherical lens profile equation and the experimental conditions for the MR fluid jet polishing system. Then the polishing of an aspherical lens mold core using the MR fluid jet polishing system with the calculated path control was made and the results were compared before and after polishing.


Investigates the use of adaptive neuron model-free control techniques for automatic control of mean arterial pressure (MAP) through the intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Because the transfer function parameters are different for each patient and furthermore are variable with time, an adaptive algorithm is desirable for maintaining both stead-state and transient specifications. A neuron model-free control method is proposed for blood pressure regulation in the paper. One of its outstanding advantages is that the neuron controller generates the control signal not based on a plant model, but on learning of the inputs and outputs of the process. The computer simulations have shown that the incremental neuron model-free control procedures might be successfully applied the control of blood pressure despite the uncertainty in the delays, time constant and gains.


Assuming the Urey‐Bradley field as the type of intramolecular potential equations to calculate five optically active frequencies of polythene molecule were derived. If we assume as force constants KCH=4.2, HHCH=0.15, FHH=0.1, FHC=0.4, FHH′=0 and FHC′=−0.05 (105 dynes/cm), the observed frequencies of (CH2)n and (CD2)n as well as those of CH4, CD4, C2H6, C2D6, etc., were explained satisfactorily.


The problem of fair and feasible allocation of user throughputs in capacitated networks is investigated. The main contribution of the paper is a novel geometric approach, which facilitates to generalize several throughput allocation strategies, most importantly max-min fairness, from the traditional "fixed-path" model to a more versatile, routing-independent model. We show that the set of throughput configurations realizable in a capacitated network makes up a polyhedron, which gives rise to a max-min fair allocation completely analogous to the conventional one. An algorithm to compute this polyhedron is also presented, whose viability is demonstrated by comprehensive evaluation studies.


A neurocomputational model is presented for gure-ground discrimination by relative motion. In the model, the correlation type of elementary motion detectors (EMDs), an oscillatory neural network for motion perception and a selective attention module are involved. It is shown that through the oscillatory amplitude and frequency encoding and selective synchronization of phase oscillators, a perfectly camou-aged textured gure can be successfully discriminated from its identically textured background by relative motion alone. network (ONN), multilayer network of phase oscillators.


An important problem that the technofogy of text filtering should solve is the process of text formalization,which makes text computable and reasonable information.In this paper,an improved feature term weighting algorithm considered of distribution information among class and position information of terms is presented.At last improved TFIDF method for computing weight of characteristic item based on the length of word is brought forward.


This contribution is based on the rejection of medieval dualism or on distinguishing the body from the flesh, as suggested by Suzannah Biernoff (2002). This differentiation corresponds to an interpretation of the body, actually corpse, within some of the body and soul debates including the popular Visio Philiberti . Here the body is not sinful flesh, but is presented neutrally or realistically (not grotesquely), because the personality is thematized instead of the ideology. Thus in this debate, physicality is distinct from problematic weakness, and expresses the individual. This means that, unlike in the transi where the individual is transient or perishes with the decaying flesh (and finally becomes an anonymous skeleton), individuality is not fixed to the flesh or inconstant matter. Rather, it is carried by the incorporeal body or spiritual image which is autonomous or distinct from its material grounding, and so individuality is not superficial. The difference between the body and the flesh is also maintained in illustrations, although they are corporeal images, since the parchment displays the image of the individual just as skin does, however, in the preparation of parchment, the flesh was removed from the skin. Or, in the picturesque words of Giles of Rome, "liquid is taken into and poured out of a waterskin but the skin remains",44 meaning, in accordance with Paul (1 Corinthians 15, 49), individuality is the individual form, independent of material, and therefore worth preserving. In short, not only the individuality is important, but it also has to be expressed by the image.


Paper presents the results of the structure of the hydroacoustics field of different classes' vessels measurements. Characteristics of underwater noises were described in the form of spectrograms and graphs worked out for different ship's speeds. These results are representative for hydroacoustic measurements carried out in the shallow sea.


The purpose of this article is to present the work of the Brass Instruments Choir of the Redeemer Lutheran Congregation, located in Curitiba, Parana. The historical contextualization of the musical tradition in the Lutheran church and the opportunity to present the benefits of musical practice are other objectives of this research. The relevance of this topic is in the work of recovering Lutheran musical tradition in Brazil, in its missionary initiative, where the group is invited to make presentations in different spaces and in the commitment to musical activity in their congregation. The study, of bibliographical character, relies on the report of the experience of the author, one of the creators of the Choir, which was analyzed with the aid of the literature of Schalk (2006), Rueb (2002), Fonterrada (2008), Joly and Joly (2000), among others. Describing the activity accomplished by the group, the text proposed a reflection on the role of music and member musicians in their development and in their practice in Christian churches.


There are some difficulties in producing Schottky barriers (SB) to p‐type GaSb and ohmic contacts (OC) to n‐type GaSb connected with the physical nature of the GaSb itself. By applying low energy Ar ion sputtering at 200–700V and (NH4)2S solution treatment of the p‐type substrates we achieved a rectifying behavior of the p‐GaSb/Pd contacts. The same procedure combined with a proper annealing led to the production of good n‐GaSb/Pd/Ge/Au ohmic contacts. The electrical behavior of the SB and OC is inferred from their current‐voltage characteristics on specially prepared diode structures. SEM and TEM investigations are conducted to specify the surface and interface reactions during the processing. We interpret these results in terms of the generation of such a Ga to Sb vacancy concentration ratio during the ion sputtering that enhances the incorporation of Ge and S as donor impurities in the GaSb surface.


This exploratory study focuses on the understudied area of financial services available to tourism social entrepreneurs. Understanding the unique user experience of fundraising by tourism social entrepreneurs leading hybrid business models, where social value creation is intertwined with profitability, gives us insights into the effectiveness of current finance tools, especially during crises. These insights can help optimize financial instruments that contribute towards higher volumes of successful social entrepreneurship in tourism, ensuring their survival during crises. Data was collected during COVID-19 through qualitative semi-structured interviews. Findings suggest a need for more understanding of relevant social business models by financial providers and a dearth of trust in tourism businesses. The conceptual framework presented in this paper takes an empathetic approach to understand the user experience of tourism social entrepreneurs, using a grounded theory approach to improve existing financial tools. This study is relevant to entities dedicated to financing tourism businesses, tourism social entrepreneurs, and policymakers keen on developing tourism for economic and community development while simultaneously contributing to the scant literature on social finance. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.


An adaptation of the Wentzel–Kramers–Brilluoin method in the deformation quantization formalism is presented with the aim to obtain an approximate technique of solving the eigenvalue problem for energy in the phase space quantum approach. A relationship between the phase σ(r→) of a wave function expiħσ(r→) and its respective Wigner function is derived. Formulas to calculate the Wigner function of a product and of a superposition of wave functions are proposed. Properties of a Wigner function of interfering states are also investigated. Examples of this quasi–classical approximation in deformation quantization are analysed. A strict form of the Wigner function for states represented by tempered generalised functions has been derived. Wigner functions of unbound states in the Poeschl–Teller potential have been found.


This paper proposes an edge preserving vector filter (EPVF) for smoothing seismic dip and azimuth computed by the finite-difference method. Our approach is composed of three steps: (1) set a reference direction, (2) invert opposite vectors to convert directions into orientations, and (3) smooth vectors with the EPVF. Inspired by Tomita's multiwindow analysis technique, the EPVF divides the vicinity of every location in a 3D vector field into a number of subwindows as the analysis point moves throughout the volume. At an interior discontinuity location within any 3D orientation field, the EPVF utilizes the most centralized neighboring orientation instead of simply averaging across the edge. The proposed smoothing scheme preserves lateral and vertical geological boundaries in the resultant seismic dip and azimuth, which lead to increased resolution of wellestablished algorithms such as structurally oriented filtering, volumetric estimates of seismic reflector curvature and angular unconformities. Experimental results of a real seismic data example demonstrate the efficiency of our approach.


A 61-year-old woman presented with acute symptoms of right middle cerebral artery ischaemia, with left face/arm/leg weakness, right gaze preference and homonymous hemianopia. A non-contrast CT scan of the head showed a calcified Y-shaped hyperdensity at the right middle cerebral artery bifurcation (figure 1A). We did not identify any contraindications for thrombolytic therapy, and the patient was treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator.

Figure 1
Hyperdense calcific thrombus at the right middle cerebral artery bifurcation.

We used a multi-phase CT angiogram to assess her cerebrovascular status. We expected a role for endovascular intervention given the clinical deficits and corresponding right middle cerebral artery bifurcation hyperdensity, which we assumed to be thrombus. However, the initial phase of the CT angiogram did not show the expected occlusion …


This article deals with a socio-historical approach of "second-generation
 immigrants" in France, a country which has a long story of immigration, but
 which has refused this historical past for a long time. Two tools of comprehension
 are used: On one hand, intersectionnality of belongings, which puts all elements
 of them in competition (Arab, Muslim, French, segregated in poor districts);
 work, however, has ceased to be an identity of recognition. On the other, a
 transnationality that cuts through the frontiers and the walls by identity and
 plural relations. After an historical perspective of the phenomenon "secondgeneration
 immigrants" in France, the article examines the various factors of
 identification that are competing together.


Geometric curvature in magnetic systems can induce several unique magnetic interactions, the most notable of which are the curvature induced magnetic anisotropy and the curvature introduced Dzyaloshinski–Moria (DM) like interaction. Of the two, the DM-like interaction is particularly interesting as it provides a unique way to control domain wall motion, which is particularly relevant to the field of spintronics. In this work, we study the effect of geometric curvature on magnetization reversal in Permalloy strips patterned into Archimedean spirals with varying widths. We simulated the magnetization reversal of Permalloy strips for several widths ranging from microscale to nanoscale to determine a lengthscale at which the curvature effects are strong. Simulations showed that in the microscale spirals, magnetization reversal primarily occurs through the appearance of magnetization ripple in which domains with reversed magnetization nucleate. On the other hand, the nanoscale spirals showed that reversal primarily proceeded through the motion of domain walls into the arms of the spiral. Our experimental in situ Lorentz transmission electron microscopy data of the microscale spirals, however, showed that magnetization reversal occurred with both mechanisms. At the nanoscale, the effect of local variation of curvature leads to hysteresis loops with stepped behavior. This behavior is characteristic of the curvature induced DM-like interaction affecting domain wall motion in the arms of the nanoscale spirals.


Objective:To observe the effects of treating fracture with different prescription of TCM in different healing stages,and to explore the optimal phasing method in treating fracture.Methods:A 2-mm-wide 1.5-mm-deep defect was bilaterally made as fracture healing model in the middle of the anterior part of the proximal one-third segment of tibia shaft of a SD rat.At first,6 SD rats were taken randomly from 222 male SD rats into the normal control group.Postoperatively,the others were divided randomly into four groups:the model control group,the one-period treatment group,the two-period treatment group and the three-period treatment group on average.The rats in one-period treatment group underwent TCM in 1 period,those in two-period treatment group in 2 periods,those in three-period treatment group in 3 periods,and those in both the model control group and the normal control group were given saline at the same dose.On day 1,3,5,7,9,12,15,21 and 28 after operation,6 rats in each group were selected randomly and sacrificed.Taking their right tibia as the object,the fracture healing was studied through observing and image analyzing of X-ray films and histology observation.Results:The X-ray observation showed that the score of the model control group were less than or equal to that of all treatment groups since the 7th day after operation.The average score of two-period treatment group was the highest.The image analysis result showed that all treatment groups had a higher callus filling rate (CFR) than that of model control group,and the fracture healing of all treatment groups were promoted for about 1 week.The average CFR of two-period treatment group was the highest.In histological examination,the result also showed that the histological scores of model control group were less than that of all treatment groups in the most time points after operation.From the 5th day to 15th day,the scores of two-period treatment group had the tendency of being higher than that of the one-period treatment and three-period treatment groups.The average score of two-period treatment group was higher than that of other three groups.But it had no significant difference.Conclusion:Using different prescription of TCM in different stages of fracture healing is necessary.And the two-period treatment may be the optimal way to treat bone fracture.


Before English was this widespread and used at international arena it was taught at schools as a foreign language without striving for any occupational or individual purposes.  Today, it has become a phenomenon because of the different needs and expectations of individuals due to the globalization of the world, and globalization of education. A close-up study will reveal that mainly at universities and private courses instead of learning a foreign language with all its aspects, people rather prefer to learn it for academic, occupational or specific purposes. They aim to learn it with specially tailored and more functional methods through English for Specific Purpose (ESP). The purpose of this paper is to illustrate ESP teaching and learning through its applications and uses throughout the world and in Turkey . In the study, next to the historical development of ESP, its   definition and characteristics, its types, general English, differences between English for specific purposes and English for academic purposes, it also mentions about drawbacks and benefits experienced in teaching ESP. Both information about ESP teachers and students taking ESP courses, and a definition of the indispensable needs analysis study with its types is provided in detail. Its importance is highlighted by exemplifying why, when, where, to whom, how and with what resources it be implemented. Several international and national needs analysis studies are presented, commented on, evaluated and suggestions proposed on difficulties met by ESP teachers and books tailored specifically for ESP.


Making the central bank an agency with the mandate and reputation for maintaining price stability is a means by which a government can choose the strength of its commitment to price stability. This article develops four measures of central bank independence and explores their relation with inflation outcomes. An aggregate legal index is developed for four decades in 72 countries. Three indicators of actual independence are developed: the rate of turnover of central bank governors, an index based on a questionnaire answered by specialists in 23 countries, and an aggregation of the legal index and the rate of turnover. Legal independence is inversely related to inflation in industrial, but not in developing, countries. In developing countries the actual frequency of change of the chief executive officer of the bank is a better proxy for central bank independence. An inflation-based index of overall central bank independence contributes significantly to explaining cross-country variations in the rate of inflation.


To design police wagons' patrol routine effectively in the city is meaningful for reducing crimes,preventing potential crimes and dealing with the cases in time.The paper firstly determines the conditions that the patrol routine should satisfy and defines an evaluation system for the solution.A sufficient number of feasible static solutions can be got by random greedy algorithm and based on that we introduce time-slices overlay algorithm to find out the dynamic solution applying DFS.The time-slices overlay algorithm changes the problem into finding out a constrained circle which will maximize the objective function in a directed graph.At last,the model is tested and evaluated through an example.


6-FDET has been shown to produce the autonomic symptoms and mood changes characteristic of hallucinogens, but not perceptual and thinking disturbances. Hence it has been tested as an active placebo in clinical studies. In the absence of behavioral information about this drug, several studies were run to assess its effect on certain rat behaviors. It was found that 6-FDET exerts a fast-acting, relatively short-lived inhibitory effect on drinking and water-motivated behaviors. No evidence was found to indicate that 6-FDET affects acquisition of conditioned suppression.


Copper indium gallium diselenide (Cu(In,Ga)Se2) films with different gallium-ion contents were prepared via a spin coating method followed by a selenization process. Increasing the gallium-ion contents of the prepared films decreased the lattice constants and increased the band gaps. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis revealed that Cu(In,Ga)Se2 films with different band gap grading types were successfully fabricated. Increasing the contents of gallium ions near the substrate resulted in an increase in the short-circuit current density. On the other hand, increasing in the contents of gallium ions near the surface of the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 films significantly increased open-circuit voltage Voc. By combining a normal and a reverse grading of gallium-ion contents, Cu(In,Ga)Se2 films with double grading types of gallium-ions contents exhibited superior electrical properties. The conversion efficiency and fill factor of solar cells with a double grading type of gallium-ion contents reached 6% and 58.7%, respectively.


In article are considered possibility and formation of new forms of implementation and management of advertising activity. Humanitarian nature of social communications is reasonable and the humanitarian and production paradigm of advertising activity is formulated.


Lead in soil can enter human body via food chain,and has a great detrimental effect on human health.In order to obtain the content of lead in soil,in this paper,a system of detecting lead in soil was developed on the basis of electrochemical.The system integrated a lead detecting instrument and data processing software,which was capable of measuring the concentration of lead in soil extract rapidly on the principle of anodic stripping voltammetry.The lead detecting instrument used a MSP430 processor as a control unit,and consisted of a potentiostat,a current acquisition equipment and a power supply system.It communicated with computer via serial port.The data processing software sent command and parameters to the instrument,and then received and analyzed the data.This system possessed the advantages of inexpensive,low-power,portable and rapid detection.The system was tested with a series of standard solutions,of which lead concentration ranged from 10nmol/L to 10mol/L.The tests showed that the linearity between the concentration of these solutions and the dissolving peak current detected by the system was well with R2=0.995 1.16 soil extract samples were measured with the system as well as atomic absorption spectrometry method,and the relative error between them was less than 8%.It was concluded that this lead detecting system was suitable for rapid evaluation and measurement of lead in soil.


In light of recently documented hypotheses relating long-term trends in tropical cyclone (TC) activity and global warming, the need for consistent reanalyses of historical TC data records has taken on a renewed sense of urgency. Such reanalyses rely on satellite data, but until now, no comprehensive global satellite data set has been available for studying tropical cyclones. Here a new hurricane satellite (HURSAT) data record is introduced that will facilitate the reanalysis of TCs by providing satellite imagery in a standard format for the period of record 1983 to 2005. The data are collected from Japanese, European and U.S. geostationary satellites and the infrared window channel data, which are particularly relevant for TC analyses, have been recalibrated to reduce inter-satellite differences. Observations are provided on a 0.07{degree sign}×0.07{degree sign} (~8km) Lagrangian grid that follows the TC center at 3-hourly intervals. The data set will be updated annually and work is also underway to expand the data set backward to the late 1970s.


An automated extractor employing accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) has been compared with a traditional sonication method of extraction for the extraction of arsenicals from fish tissue. Four different species of fish and a standard reference material, DORM-2, were subjected to both extraction methods. Arsenicals that were extracted with 50% (m/m) methanol-18 MΩ water were speciated with chromatographic separation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) detection. Both extraction methods produced extraction efficiencies of greater than 71% with RSDs on replicates of less than 5.5%. The chromatographic separation employed a PRP-X100 anion exchange column. An ammonium nitrate and ammonium carbonate buffer at pH 9.0 was used to resolve five arsenicals. The speciation data indicates that the predominant species were arsenobetaine and arsenocholine. Two unknown arsenic species were present in most of the samples. The two extraction techniques produce similar relative distribution of arsenobetaine-arsenocholine (AsB-AsC) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) with relative area distributions of >95% and <2%, respectively.


In the old powerhouse extension,grouting reinforcement is processed for foundation.According to the site situation and in view of the karst cave geological features,reasonable grouting parameters and the hole position arrangement were selected to reinforce the foundation with appropriate drilling methods and grouting technology;the measures for special situation was also proposed.By the test after grouting,it was proved that the grouting reinforcement was successful.


The reflectance of a diamond-like carbon antireflection thin-film on a porous silicon is calculated using the optical matrix approach method. The result is compared to the reflectance spectrum of other antireflection films. This indicates a much lower reflectance combined with a larger energy range covering the infrared to the ultraviolet regions of the solar spectrum. It shows the interest of interfacing with the solar cell surface thin films of materials having appropriate refractive index that could reduce significantly the reflected part of the incoming solar radiation.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the role of task, relational and cognitive job crafting on the relationship between resiliency and meaningfulness in work.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used path analysis under the framework of structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses using a sample of 374 law enforcement employees.

Findings
Results from the analysis revealed a direct effect of resiliency on meaningfulness. This study also found that relational and cognitive crafting partially mediate these relationships.

Practical implications
Understanding the proactive strategies resilient employees can use to build meaning in work will help managers develop better training programs. The findings emphasize the importance of building social relations and positive reframing of work as a mechanism to bounce back from adverse circumstances.

Originality/value
This paper provides empirical evidence of the proactive actions resilient employees implement to build meaningfulness in work.


It is general knowledge that the water content of (leciduous leaves usually decreases as the season advances. It has also been noted that the water deficit fluctuations of such leaves are often more pronounced early in the growing season when these parts are young and succulent than later when they are older and harder. The seasonal changes in the actual weights of the water and dry matter components of leaves, however, are less commonly understood. Leaf samples are comparatively easy to pick, dry and weigh. For this reason, the water content of leaves is often used to indicate water changes within plants. Knight (5) found slight diurnal variations in water contents of leaves of the plants he tested in the area of southeastern England. Livingston and Brown (7) found large diurnal changes in the water contents of the desert plants with which they worked. Miller (9) made frequent periodic water content determinations on the leaves of corn and sorghums in his studies of the water relations of these crop plants. MIaximov (8), Stanescu (12), Kramer (6), and Wilson, Boggess, and Kramer (14) have also reported on the fluctuations in the water contents of plants. Stocker (13) devised a measurement of water deficits by which he related the amount of water needed to bring a leaf to full saturation, or zero deficit, to the total amount of water in the leaf at saturation. The resulting ratio figure was multiplied by 100 and expressed as a percentage. Stocker used such a measurement to obtain a comparison of the water deficits existing in the leaves taken at different periods of the day from plants growing in widely separated climatic zones. Oppenheimer and Mendel (10), Halma (3, 4), Compton (1), and Runyon (11) have reported on the use of similar measurements to determine changes in the water deficits of plants. During the past five years the Department of Horticulture of the State College of Washington has conducted a study of certain water relationships of Bartlett pear trees. A portion of this study included the measurement of the seasonal and diurnal fluctuations in the leaf water contents and water deficits and the weight changes of the leaf constituents responsible for these fluctuations.


In Chapter 2, the performance of legal translation is analysed, seen as a negotiation and informed, inter alia, by comparative law, genre theory and functionalism, from four perspectives: language/discourse; legal systems; genre; and textual purpose. These comprise the underpinnings of the author's multidimensional model of the legal translation practitioner's textual agency, seen as a set of dynamic and non-linear interactions. Each facet is discussed individually to provide the background for the model which is presented at the end of the chapter. Levels of (c)overtness are also highlighted as a way of assisting clients in expressing their requirements, and emphasis is placed on the relevance and importance of differentiating translation status when work is commissioned.


Embodiments of the present invention provide a computer, control equipment and a data processing method. The computer comprises a processing unit and the control equipment; the processing unit is used for adding a tag to an application request and sending the application request added with the tag to the control equipment; the control equipment is used for receiving the application request added with the tag and determining an amount of resources allocated to the application request according to the tag and a pre-stored resource allocation strategy, wherein the resource allocation strategy comprises a corresponding relationship between the tag and the amount of the resources allocated to the application request; and the control equipment is further used for indicating component parts of the computer to process the application request according to the amount of the resources allocated to the application request. The computer, the control equipment and the data processing method are used for improving service quality of the application request.


This paper uses the data from 580 rural households of 5 administration villages, which represent different villages, and then it takes 5 villages with different income levels and different terrain conditions in Henan for example. Through a questionnaire survey, it concludes a spatial hierarchical structure of rural residents' consumption and agricultural products sales based on different administrative scales (village level, township level,county level,city level). According to this survey, these 5 villages have different consumption structures. This paper tries to establish a pattern of centre structure and research methodology based on rural households in order to compare it with the classical center place theory based commercial infrastructure. The research on commercial center structure and space of rural residents travel has a theoretical significance to some degree. It also comparatively analyzes the spatial difference between the 5 villages and attempts to interpret it.


The Modernization of rural cooperatives requires the establishment of democratic system,which is also the goal of the development of modern cooperatives.Most of the present cooperatives come from the traditional ones,and the contradictions between historical problems and the present reform hinder the development of democratic system.To develop democratic system not only needs a perfect cooperative mechanism,but also a new cooperative idea.


By use of the fluorescent protein R-phycoerythrin, a number of factors have been investigated as potential sources of band broadening in agarose and polyacrylamide gels:  temperature gradients, Joule heating, conductivity differences between analyte and buffer, electroendosmosis, microheterogeneity due to charge density differences, etc. It was found that none of these factors could be the major source of band broadening. Recently, it has been shown that diffusion is also not the predominant source of R-phycoerythrin band spreading in agarose gels and that the bandwidth depends linearly on migration distance and time (Yarmola, E.; Calabrese, P. P.; Chrambach, A.; Weiss, G. H. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 101, 2381). The present data collected in agarose and polyacrylamide gels confirm the linear dependence of bandwidth on migration distance and describe the slope of this dependence as a function of electrophoretic conditions. Among all the factors studied that may impact on band spreading, only the interaction wi...


The article reviews the capabilities and particularities of the approach to the improvement of metrological characteristics of fiber-optic pressure sensors (FOPS) based on estimation of the nonlinearity value of the membrane stress-strain behavior and the adaptive method. It is shown that this method applied to the metrological characteristics allows for the measurement errors to be minimized. It is found that the suggested mathematical model provides for not only the main membrane characteristics such as sensitivity and stress distribution to be obtained but also the stresses' maximum values and zones of their concentrations to be determined. It is shown that, in case of FOPS being different by a significant non-linearity of the transformation function of "laser — feeding light guides — membrane reflector — branching-off light guides — photoconverter" unit, the algorithm of the adaptive correction method is appropriate to be included in the algorithms for photoconverter data processing.


We report electric field-induced modulation of absorption in PbS nanocrystal quantum dots across the spectral region 600–2000nm, encompassing the entire telecommunications band. The maxima in the electroabsorption spectra correspond with the positions of the first excitonic peak, confirming the predominance of excitonic broadening as the basis for the observed effect. We estimate the change in dipole moment to be on the order of 20 D in 7nm diameter PbS nanocrystals compared to previously-reported ∼100D in CdSe.


Polychaetes tend to form the dominant sediment dwelling fauna of the most mudflats, estuaries and sheltered sandy shores and it also play a significant role in ecosystem functioning and services. Seasonal changes in the length, fresh weight, oocyte diameter, sexual status and sexual maturity index of the polychaete Perinereis cultrifera (Grube, 1840) (Anellida Polychaeta Nereididae) were studied during twelve months from January to December 2016 in the east coast of Algeria. The samples were collected monthly at three sites: El-Kala, a site far from any source of pollution, Annaba and Skikda, sites located near human and industrial wastes. The reproductive cycle of the females was studied; however, the ovaries consist of coelomic germ-cell clusters surrounded by a thin envelope of follicle cells. The female coelomic puncture has a heterogeneous aspect and shows different oocyte diameters. The reproductive period is more intense in spring period. The results show differences between sites compared with the reference samples. The reproduction period of occurs in spring (April, May). This approach confirms that individuals collected from Annaba and Skikda have been submitted to a highly polluted environment. Therefore, individuals sampled from Skikda showed the highest reduction of different measured parameters.


This research was aimed to analyse the competitiveness of Indonesia rattan furniture  industry in international market, and to study the most appropriate strategy for  enhancing export of Indonesia rattan furniture industry. The data was analyzed using  RCA (Revealed Comparative Advantage), CMSA (Constant Market Share Analysis),  IKP (Market Concentration Index), ISP ( Trade Specialization Index) and SWOT  (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat) methods. Diminishing of RCA value  and market share of Indonesias' rattan furniture within an increasing of world  demand show tha trattan furniture from Indonesia can not compete with the same  product from other countries. However among 3 group of rattan furniture, namely HS  940150100 (seats of rattan), HS 940190300 (parts seats of rattan) and HS 940380100  (furniture of rattan), the last two have RCA level more than one point, which means  they have strong competitiveness as Indonesian export commodity.


Micro hydro power plant (MHP) is a small-scale power plant that use hydropower as driving force such as a river or natural waterfall, by utilizing the elevation high (head) and the amount of water flow. Potential of MHP depend on the availability of discharge and head flow. This research present assessing hydro power generation potential and mapping using remote sensing data sites in West Sumatra province. Remote Sensing (RS) data satellite techniques have been used to find and estimate the feasible locations for hydropower potential plant installations. In RS data, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Digital Elevation Model (SRTM DEM) data as a basis for calculating head, catchment and network path of the river. Available head is used to overlay with Shuttle Radar SRTM DEM. In the preprocessing, DEM data of an analogue site to generate the data of river stream to provide slope and map slope to combine with map of rivers stream. A river discharges data calculated based on discharge measurement using AWLR (Automatic Water Level Recorder). The potential power generation calculated by multiplying head and discharge, assuming gravity of 9.8 m/s2 and total efficiency of 60%. The micro hydro power potential is calculated only for head minimum 10m and 80% discharge runoff (Q80) used to annually in one year. The result showed that for early identification was 11 potential locations spreads in West Sumatra. A totally of MHP was provide about 634.74 MW.


Crystals are appreciated not only for their appearance, but also for their unique physical properties which are utilized by the photonic industry in appliances that we come across every day. An important part of enabling the technical use of optical devices is the manufacture of crystals. This dissertation deals with a specific group of materials called the potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) family, known for their non-linear optical and ferroelectric properties. The isomorphs vary in their linear optical and dielectric properties, which can be tuned to optimize device performance by forming solid solutions of the different materials. Titanyl arsenates have a wide range of near-infrared transmission which makes them useful for tunable infrared lasers. The isomorphs examined in the present work were primarily RbTiOAsO 4 (RTA) and CsTiOAsO 4 (CTA) together with the mixtures Rb x Cs 1-x TiOAsO 4 (RCTA). Large-scale crystals were grown by top seeding solution growth utilizing a three-zone furnace with excellent temperature control. Sufficiently slow cooling and constant upward lifting produced crystals with large volumes useable for technical applications. Optical quality RTA crystals up to 10 ´ 12 ´ 20 mm were grown. The greater difficulty in obtaining good crystals of CTA led to the use of mixed RCTA materials. The mixing of rubidium and cesium in RCTA is more favorable to crystal growth than the single components in pure RTA and CTA. Mixed crystals are rubidium-enriched and contain only 20 - 30 % of the cesium concentration in the flux. The cesium atoms show a preference for the larger cation site. The network structure is very little affected by the cation substitution; consequently, the non-linear optical properties of the Rb-rich isomorphic mixtures of RTA and CTA can be expected to remain intact. Crystallographic methods utilizing conventional X-ray tubes, synchrotron radiation and neutron diffraction have been employed to investigate the properties of the atomic structures. It was shown that, instead of two cation sites, there is a considerable distribution of the cations over additional sites related by pseudosymmetry. The cation disorder is temperature dependent and seems to be universal for the KTP family. Charge density maps for RTA reflect the anisotropy of non-linear susceptibility, which is greater in the directions with strong locally anti-symmetric components of the residual electron density. Accordingly, the Ti-O and As-O covalent bonds can be related to the linear and non-linear susceptibility of these materials.


Cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important crop that constitutes staple food and income for 800 million people worldwide. Cassava yield in Côte d'Ivoire is reduced due to a variety of factors, including cassava mosaic disease. Despite the impact of the pathogen Cassava Mosaic Virus (CMV) on production, genetic diversity of this virus is rarely studied in Côte d'Ivoire. This study aims to assess the molecular variability of CMV occurring in three of large cassava production area of Côte d'Ivoire. Symptomatic and asymptomatic cassava leaves were collected for genomic DNA extraction and molecular identification was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Amplified DNA was sequenced and analyzed in silico . 68% of infections were identified as African Cassava Mosaic Virus strains. Sequences alignment to Genbank sequences showed high similarity with sequences of virus from Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Cameroun, Madagascar, and Nigeria. The virus's rapid evolution was demonstrated by a high mutation rate at the protein level. A phylogenetic analysis also revealed seven new genotypes of ACMV strain. This result reflects a progressive genetic evolution of the virus strains, which could impact negatively on cassava crop in Côte d'Ivoire. This study proposed selecting resistant traditional cassava genotypes to control virus spread.


The examination of a number of laboratory induced 'wire wool' type bearing failures and service failures has led to the conclusion that the steel slivers forming the wire wool, which are responsible for the often self-propagating nature of these failures, are produced by a process of spinning of the journal surface.


A competency curriculum in university education takes into account the importance of feedback that contributes significantly to the development of the professional profile, achieving skills in engineering students at the National University of Santa, evidencing reaching a maximum learning in the physics curricular experience reflecting good academic performance. This work seeks to reduce the high rate of disapproved students at the university level of science and engineering, through a planned bibliographic review, and to demonstrate a competency curriculum in university education is of primary importance as feedback in the development of the professional profile. The methodology corresponds to the descriptive exploratory through the compilation of scientific literature.


In this paper, we describe the determination of the characteristics of a very complex circular polarization microstrip antenna using a temporal method. In fact, the entire simulated structure integrates the radiating element and the phase shifter which allows to generate a circular polarization. The main characteristics such as axial ratio, deviation angle of the polarization ellipse are proposed. To validate the simulation, a comparison between the numerical and experimental results is performed. However, the differences between the experience and the simulation can be reduced by improving the spatial discretization of the antenna. Unfortunately, the excessive memory space and time computation of this simulation technique does not allow this. So we propose, at the end of this article that the association of, this simulation technique and the determination of the temporal Green's functions will allow the increased complexity of the studied structure by modelling the various elements which make up the antenna.


Due to the 2005 drought in Brazil's Amazon region, in the state of Amazonas, enacted the Law 3,135/2007, which established the state policy on climate change. The text provided ways of promoting sustainable development, maintaining climatic conditions and determining incentives for the participation of both the population and the public power in environmental protection. However, about 10 years after its enactment, the law seems to have fallen into disuse due to two main reasons: the dismantling of the state structure that was implementing its instruments; and the lack of complementary regulation. Years later, Amazonas enacted Law 4,266/2015, which established the State Environmental Services Management System, and created the State Fund for Climate Change and amended Laws 3,135/2007 and 3,184/2007, which also alters the Law 3,135. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction among all these norms, through an exercise of interpretation, in order to verify 1 Research funded by National Postdoctoral Program (PNPD) from the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) between 2016/17. 2 The authors are grateful for the support of CAPES and the Graduate Program in Agroecology at the State University of Roraima (UERR). They also thank the anonymous referees for their important contributions to the text originally submitted. 3 Post-Doctorate in Applied Social Sciences at the University of Campinas (UNICAMP). PostDoctorate in Environmental Law at the São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP). Post-Doctorate in Biological Sciences at UNICAMP. PhD in Aquaculture from UNESP. Master in Conservation and Resource Management from UNESP. Graduated in Law from UNESP. Professor at UERR. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1899-2311 / e-mail: email@example.com 4 PhD in Soil Science from the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA). Master in Soil Science from UFLA. Graduation in Agronomy from UFLA. Professor at UERR. ORCID: http://orcid.org/00000002-2545-8195 / e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 5 PhD in Environmental Sciences and Sustainability in the Amazon from Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM). Master in Environmental Law from State University of Amazonas (UEA). Specialist in Labor Law and Process and by Anhanguera University (UNIDERP) and in Educational Research by UEA. Law degree from UEA. Legal Advisor to the Public Ministry of the State of Amazonas. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8800-6260 / e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com http://dx.doi.org/10.18623/rvd.v17i37.1503 CLIMATE CHANGE AND PROJECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES IN INDIGENOUS LANDS OF STATE OF... 310 Veredas do Direito, Belo Horizonte, ž v.17 ž n.37 ž p.309-330 ž Janeiro/Abril de 2020 their socio-environmental effectiveness. We concluded that the participation of both traditional communities in conservation units of sustainable use and indigenous peoples on their own lands provides partial effectiveness to Law 3,135/2007, as it allows the implementation of projects that reduce emissions caused by deforestation and degradation in protected areas. In addition, it enables the payment of rewards to environmental service providers.


Database (CIHI-DAD). Hux et al. (50) developed a retrospective cohort in adults using administrative data from hospital discharges and physician's claims with a diagnosis of diabetes (ICD-9 250.X). For validation, diagnostic data abstracted from primary care charts (n=3,317) of 57 randomly selected physicians were linked to the administrative data cohort. One hospital discharge and two physicians claims for diabetes were found to have 86% sensitivity, 97% specificity, and 80% positive predictive value for defining diabetes.


The temporal effects of a single injection of estradiol (5 jig in corn oil) were studied in 18- to 23-week ovariectomized rabbits for up to 48 h. Changes in cytosol and nuclear progesterone recep- tor concentrations in the epithelial-stromal complex were correlated with ultrastructura! evidence of glycoprotein synthesis by nonciiated epithelial cells. After exposure to estradiol for 12 h, the Golgi cisternae of a few of the nonciliated cells contained secretory granules. After 24 h exposure, the number of nonciliated cells containing secretory granules was increased as was the number of granules per cell. After 36 h exposure, both the intracellular complement of secretory granules and the concentration of cytosol progesterone receptor (15.1 ± 2.7 pmoh/mg DNA) had reached a maximum. The concentration of cytosol progesterone receptor had increased 2-fold over the con- centration (7.8 ± 0.8 pmol/mg DNA) for ovariectomized rabbits. The concentration of nuclear progesterone receptor had increased from 66.3 ± 26.3 fmol/mg DNA to 1459.5 ± 99.3 fmol/mg DNA. After 48 h exposure the cellular complement of secretory granules was reduced as was the concentration of cytosol (5.0 ± 0.5 pmol/mg DNA) and nuclear (740.0 ± 364.9 fmol/mg DNA) progesterone receptor. It is apparent that the production of secretory granules and progesterone receptor concentration are temporally dependent upon estradiol. Reagents the


We proposed a novel hexagonal nano-ring resonator based on silicon photonic crystals (PCs) structure. The photonic crystals are consisted of Si PCs structure of air cylinders in hexagonal lattice. We studied the effects of the spacing between hexagonal nano-ring and waveguide. The relation between drop mechanisms and the symmetry resonant modes is also investigated. We demonstrated the manipulation of controlling the drop light propagation direction by using two cascaded nano-ring resonators.


Objective
To verify the accuracy of the mathematical model of gastrointestinal decompression after esophagectomy of esophageal cancer and explore predictive value of the mathematical model in the postoperative complications.

Methods
The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopatholo-gical data of 192 patients with esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy in the Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University between October 2013 and October 2016 were collected. Among 192 patients, 160 didn′t have postoperative complications and 32 had postoperative complications (7 with postoperative anastomotic leakage, 9 with pulmonary infection and 16 with dysfunction of gastralintestinal tract). Patients selected the appropriate surgical procedures according to individual conditions, and then volume of gastrointestinal decompression was recorded daily. According to the regression equation of influencing factors of volume of postoperative gastrointestinal decompression: average daily drainage volume within 5 days (mL)=262.287+ 132.873×tubular stomach-72.160×smoking history-27.904×pathological type of tumor-36.368×age, predictive value of postoperative gastrointestinal decompression was calculated and compared with real volume of gastrointestinal decompression. Observation indicators: (1) comparison between predictive value and real volume of postoperative gastrointestinal decompression in patients without complications; (2) comparison between predictive value and real volume of postoperative gastrointestinal decompression in patients with complications. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as ±s and comparison was analyzed using the paired-samples t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range), and comparison was analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank tests.

Results
(1) Comparison between predictive value and real volume of postoperative gastrointestinal decompression in patients without complications: predictive value and real volume of postoperative gastrointestinal decompression in 160 patients without complications were respectively 187 mL (range, 58-392 mL) and 207 mL (range, 20-570 mL), with no statistically significant difference (Z=-1.106, P>0.05). (2) Comparison between predictive value and real volume of postoperative gastrointestinal decompression in patients with complications: 7 patients had postoperative anastomotic leakage, including 1 with cervical anastomotic leakage and 6 with chest anastomotic leakage. The predictive value and real volume of postoperative gastrointestinal decompression in 7 patients with anastomotic leakage were respectively (215±58)mL and (338±106)mL, with a statistically significant difference (t=-3.139, P 0.05). The predictive value and real volume of postoperative gastrointestinal decompression in 16 patients with dysfunction of gastralintestinal tract were respectively (236±60)mL and (357±107)mL, with a statistically significant difference (t=-4.716, P<0.05).

Conclusions
The mathematical model of gastrointestinal decompression after esophagectomy of esophageal cancer is correct and feasible. There is a predictive value for patients with postoperative anastomotic leakage and dysfunction of gastralintestinal tract.

Key words:
Esophageal neoplasms; Esophagectomy; Gastrointestinal decompression; Postoperative complications; Multivariable linear regression


Slovenia is characterized by great geographic, climatic, orographic, geological and ecological diversity. We expect that it will be necessary to construct more than one reference continuous tree-ring series of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) to be used for dating. The Dinaric region was selected to construct the first regional reference chronologies. Investigations were made in four silver fir and three spruce forest stands with 115 trees. Disks or cores were taken to measure tree ring widths. The data were processed using standard methods. The equipment used was a LINTAB measuring device combined with a TSAPX programme and our own programme, UTIL. Seven local chronologies, four of the silver fir and three of the naturally grown spruce were constructed. The lengths of silver fir chronologies were; Bistra - 234 years, Ravnik - 142 years, Javornik- 142 years, and Goteniski Sneznik 150 years. The lengths of Norway spruce chronologies were; 271 years in Borovec, 230 years in Goteniski Sneznik, and 235 years in Draga. The "Gleichlaufigkeit" coefficients obtained by comparison of fir chronologies were 68.5% for Bistra and Ravnik, and 70.4% for Javornik and Goteniski Sneznik. The "Gleichlaufigkeit" coefficients for spruce chronologies were 61.6 - 65.6%. The high value of "Gleichlaufigkeit" was in all cases confirmed by a significant t-value. The results indicate that it will be necessary to construct at least two reference chronologies for silver fir from the Dinaric region in Slovenia. Altitude might play an important role when dividing the region into dendrochronologically different areas. The high coincidence between three spruce chronologies was expected due to the great similarity of investigated forest sites. The comparison of the presented silver fir chronologies with the European ones (Becker & Giertz-Siebenlist 1971; Eckstein & Sass 1988; Peringo et al. 1986) showed a statistically significant similarity. The presented Norway spruce chronologies were not similar to the North Italian ones (Peringo et al. 1986). Additionally wood of living trees and archaeological wood should be collected to confirm and extend the presented chronologies. Furthermore, we should aim towards dividing Slovenia in different dendrochronological regions. For this, systematic team work should continue.


Increased SGB is currently more often recognized not only in patients with belching as a main symptom, but also in patients with reflux like symptoms that are refractory to PPI treatment or patients with reflux hypersensitivity. Detection of increased SGB during analysis of impedance‐pHmetry can help to better understand the pathophysiology of symptoms in individual patients and to provide more focused and specific treatment. At the moment, the most efficient treatments for increased SGB are CBT and Speech therapies, pharmacological treatment being less effective and prone to mild secondary effects.


The high-affinity growth hormone (GH)-binding protein (GHBP). as is now generally known, represents the extracellular domain of the GH receptor (GHR). It is generated by different mechanisms in different species (I): in man and rabbits it is produced by proteolytic cleavage of the full-length GHR, whereas in rodents it is produced by alternative splicing of the GHR pre-mRNA (Fig. I ) . The existence of a readily measurable circulating GH 'receptor' has contributed greatly to our interest in and understanding of conditions involving an altered response to GH. In contrast. the low-affinity GHBP in human plasma is not related to the GHR; its nature has only recently been elucidated in some detail.


Background: A total of 27 patients of perforated duodenal ulcer admitted in our institution between December 2010 and November 2012 were treated and studied. Materials and Methods: All patients were diagnosed on the basis of clinical and radiological findings, exploratory laparotomy was performed and simple closure of perforation with placement of Graham's omental patch was carried out. This was followed by triple regimen for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Results: All patients were male, maximum incidence (61.54%) was noted in the age group of 21-30, 'O' +ve blood group was most commonly observed in our patients. Eight patients had history suggestive of acute acid peptic disease. Mean time interval between the start of symptoms and surgery was 43 h. No morbidity except minimal pleural effusion was seen in one case. There was no mortality in our series. Conclusion: We conclude that although a number of definitive surgeries have been described for acid peptic disease, but the requirement of such procedures has come down due to increasing use of H. pylori eradication therapy and proton pump inhibitors. However, surgery for complications especially for duodenal ulcer perforation has not reduced concomitantly. Incidence is greater in young males.


MARC algorithms are proposed to apply clustering analysis to other fields.It integrates clustering into association rules discovery to reduce the size of data sets.It also uses CS(Clustering Summary) transformation to alleviate the loss of information brought by the compression.MARC only needs to scan the database one time.The experiments with severa1 rea1 data sets have demonstrated that MARC can achieve quite well precision and high performance.


The efficacy of current treatment of chronic pancreatitis is poor.With the discovery of pancreatic stellate cell(PSC) and some understanding of the molecular mediators and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis(CP),inhibition of the activation and functions of PSC has become a potential goal directed to the treatment and prevention of pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis.This review summarizes the current literature addressing the role of different pharmacological agents aimed at preventing activa-tion of PSC.


Aluminum Oxynitride (ALON® Transparent Ceramic) combines broadband transparency with excellent mechanical properties. ALON's cubic structure means that it is transparent in its polycrystalline form, allowing it to be manufactured by conventional powder processing techniques. Surmet's has been producing and delivering ALON® windows as large as 4.4 sq. Ft. for both Armor and Sensor window applications. We have also recently scaled up our ALON® process to produce windows as large as 8 sq. Ft. for sensor window applications. Initial prototype windows of this size have been produced. These windows exhibit the same excellent levels of transmission, haze and clarity as seen in smaller ALON® windows that we have produced.


Different field-aged XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) samples having opposite characteristics have been investigated. Studies of water tree growth and AC breakdown, and an examination of samples peeled-off from a 6-year field-aged cable an (HQ3) and laboratory aged have been carried out. The results obtained confirm the results obtained with cable HQ3 did not differ much in comparison with previous results on cable HQ4. The lower water or microcavity content, and the greater impurity concentrations and water tree density of cable HQ3 did not help to obtain water tree convertion into electrical trees. However, it is confirmed that laboratory and field water trees behave much more as dielectrics or are poorly conductive, and that laboratory accelerated aging conditions are not necessarily representative of what happens in the field.<<ETX>>


In this paper, a 0.75-V CMOS logic operated in sub threshold region is proposed. Based on dynamic substrate bias, the supply voltage of the circuit is effectively reduced. Using UMC 0.5-mum CMOS technology, the logic circuits are verified by inverter function, NOR gate, exclusive OR gate, full adder, and ring oscillator. Including I/O pad capacitance, the results of the chip measurement show that the response time of this circuit is order of 100 mus under 0.75-V supply


Abstract The thermophysical properties for a mixture of n-hexane + n-hexadecane were determined via an initial value integration method using acoustic data. A distinct functional form was devised for the compressional wave propagation velocity in terms of pressure along each isotherm. Comparison with the experiment confirmed excellent accuracy for the acoustically determined first-order thermodynamic properties within a maximum deviation of 3.64% from the experimental counterparts and up to 400.7 MPa. Given the nature of the integration methodology applied, derived using fundamental thermodynamic relations, exact results should be expected for the thermophysical properties established, within the realm of the thermodynamic principles.


The invention discloses a fluid delivery pen with final dose stop and improved dose setting features. The fluid delivery pen of the present invention has a reduced dose setting friction mechanism which may produce a sound of higher audibility for each click corresponding to one unit dose set using a dose setting mechanism and also produces a sound of lower audibility than the former for each click when the set dose is reduced using the dose setting mechanism. The fluid delivery pen driving mechanism of the present invention has an indication to an end of dose of fluid in a cartridge.


There was a time when the foretelling of future events was an undertaking of prophets, palm-readers, and weathermen. In recent years, however, the medical profession seems to have embraced this activity with a great deal of enthusiasm. A prime example is the use of the term "predicts" in the titles of journal articles dealing with human subjects. According to a search of the MEDLINE® database, "predicts" appeared a total of only 13 times before 1980.1 Since then, however, the occurrence of the term in citation titles has increased dramatically. Expressed as a percentage of the annual number of MEDLINE publications, the trend follows a curve that could be described as hyperbolic (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. Percentage of MEDLINE® publications on human subjects with the term "predicts" in the title.

But hyperbole is also what comes to mind when one examines the claims that authors of such reports make. For example, the article "Cardiac troponin I predicts short-term mortality in vascular surgery patients"2 does not provide a method to identify the specific individuals who are headed for the funeral home. Nor does the report "Transesophageal echocardiography predicts mortality in critically ill patients with hypotension"3 offer a means to determine the fate of a given person in shock.

Of course, the skill of prediction has always been one of medicine's defining features. A physician is expected to collect clinical data, formulate a clinical impression, and predict a likely course of events for the patient's illness. Before the advent of modern therapeutics, establishing the prognosis was one of the most important functions a physician was called upon to perform. But in the golden age of bedside medicine,4 master clinicians and academicians—rooted in a humble appreciation of the complexity of human biology and behavior—recognized the limitations of their prescience. In those days, the focus of interest was the outcome for the individual patient.

In the current age of population medicine, however, the "case" rarely merits our attention.5 The subject about whom a prediction is made is not a particular person but a group deemed suitably homogeneous to be turned into a cohort to whom tests are applied and for whom subsequent clinical events are tallied. The keenly wished-for result is a rate of outcomes sufficiently larger or smaller than the rate for the comparative group, in order to sanction the observation as "predictive" through the use of the much-misunderstood P value.6

Invariably, the prediction comes to naught when applied to an individual within the group, but this point is all too frequently overlooked. The diligent minimization of biasing factors, the detached execution of the experiment, and the statistical anointment by the P value in carefully designed studies provide such a sense of objectivity that the temptation to relate the findings to a specific patient becomes irresistible, regardless of the limitations of such an extrapolation.

So we are told that cardiac troponin I predicts death because its elevation in the postsurgical setting is more prevalent among those patients who later died (21%), as compared with those who remained alive (6%), yielding a statistically significant odds ratio of 6.2 Yet an elevated troponin-I level in this particular cohort could foretell a fatal outcome only a third of the time (32% "positive predictive value"), a far more modest achievement than the title of the paper leads one to believe. At best, one could say that an elevated troponin-I level indicates an increased risk of death, but the notion of risk is also a statistical concept of elusive applicability to individual circumstances.7

Apart from the strengths or weaknesses of statistical relationships, there are also and always practical matters to consider. B-Type natriuretic peptide can never possibly "[predict] benefit from a home-based nurse care in chronic heart failure"8 if the nurse in charge of the patient is incompetent. Mathematical relationships may explain group behavior, but a unique reality rules the individual patient.

When clinicians make predictions, they place their reputations at stake, especially if they share their forecasts with their patients or colleagues. The prediction is understood to carry the full weight of its meaning and is rarely uttered explicitly or casually. For academicians and researchers, a predictive declaration has a different audience. Such statements may be aimed at journal editors, funding agencies, news media, or venture capitalists, but to practitioners they sound increasingly hollow. C-Reactive protein (CRP) may be the darling of the medical fortunetellers, but among clinicians, it is sometimes known as "Can't Really Predict."

The application of statistics to medicine has greatly improved our ability to discern phenomena not otherwise visible to the naked eye. Yet Alvan Feinstein himself, considered by many to be a founder of modern clinical research, was keenly aware of what he called "the distraction of quantitative models": an over-reliance on mathematical tools and methods imported from nonclinical domains and "applied to goals for which they are not aimed."9

Will misleading claims of insight and inflated pronouncements of prediction continue to permeate the medical literature? I ask, but I dare not answer.


The utility model discloses a mounting structure for a plastic formwork of a frame column, which comprises longitudinal reinforcement ribs laid perpendicularly on a fundamental plane and transverse reinforcement ribs welded in the horizontal direction of the longitudinal reinforcement ribs according to the control lines of the frame column, wherein the longitudinal reinforcement ribs and the transverse reinforcement ribs form a forming cavity structure, the forming cavity structure fits well with the frame column required for forming, and positioning ribs are arranged at the periphery of the outer lower part of the forming cavity structure. The mounting structure further comprises flat die plates which are laid on the four outer surfaces of the forming cavity structure before concrete placement, external corner formworks which are mounted at the corners between two adjacent flat die plates, connecting clamps used for fastening the flat die plates and the external corner formworks, and column hoops which are laid from bottom to top at the periphery of the flat die plates and the external corner formworks and serve the fastening function, wherein the flat die plates, the external corner formworks and the connecting clamps are all made of profiled plastics, and the column hoops are made of channel steel. The mounting structure has the advantages of simple structure, reasonable design and convenience in construction, greatly reduces the consumption of timber resources, reduces the pollution on the construction site, saves labor and increases the construction efficiency.


Social networking has become an increasing popular means of 21st century communication. With increases in deployment tempo and access to social media, military families have been more apt to utilizing social media for communication. There are potential security dangers to military personnel associated with this increased use of social media, leading the military services to implement processes to better inform the families of service members about these dangers. This Dissertation in Practice (DIP) utilized a qualitative study in an effort to analyze current Operations Security (OPSEC) awareness levels of Air Force Key Spouses. Findings could be used in an effort to develop an updated OPSEC program management model for military spouses. The qualitative study analyzed how OPSEC Program Managers can better train Air Force spouses on OPSEC awareness. Root causes of the professional practice problem included lack of training opportunities as well as lack of availability of published training materials. The study also found ways in which the professional practice problem could be addressed with effective leadership and program management. The study concluded that previous training and program management examples could be benchmarked in an effort to further the greater good of military family OPSEC training.|Keywords: OPSEC, Key Spouse, Department of Defense, Military, Air Force


The paper describes the phenomenon of pedagogical farms, indicating their significance for the rural environment protection in the cultural aspect. The authors outline the role of the cultural heritage – both material and spiritual – in the development of rural tourism, as well as the role of tourism in the heritage preservation. The importance of pedagogical farms in the process is emphasized. The formal and legal context of the pedagogical farm idea is shortly presented. The authors also describe the way the pedagogical farm offer functions in the field of education, especially with reference to the Lower Silesia region in Poland.


We briefly describe the idea and the formal foundations of the method, introduce new measures of complexity and illustrate their effectiveness with the example of the Dow Jones index. As a tool, we choose the scale-dependent Lyapunov exponent (SDLE).


SUBTITLE: RAILROAD EXECUTIVES SAY UNIFORM, MULTI-USE BOX WOULD SELDOM SIT IDLE -- SHIPPERS SAY IT MIGHT NOT MEET THEIR NEEDS.


To better understand the central nervous system, neurobiologists need to reconstruct the underlying neural circuitry from electron microscopy images. One of the necessary tasks is to segment the individual neurons. For this purpose, we propose a supervised learning approach to detect the cell membranes. The classifier was trained using AdaBoost, on local and context features. The features were selected to highlight the line characteristics of cell membranes. It is shown that using features from context positions allows for more information to be utilized in the classification. Together with the nonlinear discrimination ability of the AdaBoost classifier, this results in clearly noticeable improvements over previously used methods.


Modular robot is an approach to build the robot for various complex tasks with the promise of great versatility, robustness and lower cost. It can be used extensively to meet the demands of different tasks or different working environments by changing its shapes. Therefore, they can travel over or through obstacles, and go though small pipe. Even they can walk somewhat like a person on crutches. It is a key technology that how modular robot with vision to capture exact image information, as well as to extract the feature parameters of components real-timely, to recognize the component types, and to judge the position and posture of component. The quantity of the motion pattern will decide the adjustable ability of modular robot. So, dynamic vision control system is very important for modular robot, which can improve its moving ability and intelligent degree. With the help of the dynamic vision control system, the robot can accomplish different tasks in different working environments by itself, such as deciding routes and avoiding obstacles. In this paper, in order to improve the vision of modular robot, a kind of dynamic vision control system is analyzed and researched roundly, and two kinds of motion patterns for the modular robot are put forward.


Many Computer Science departments are offering courses in Entrepreneurship. Views vary widely on the purpose, appropriateness and value of this as a topic area for students majoring in Computer Science — hence the title of this paper. We begin by exploring the meaning of the term, and review representative examples of Entrepreneurship programs in different Computer Science departments, looking at their stated goals and outcomes. We then describe our own experience designing and teaching a new, two-part, yearlong course on "Software Entrepreneurship" at Brandeis University, we extensively explore important lessons learned from this experience. Our program includes two interlocking courses, one focused on the "discovery stage" and one focused on the "delivery stage". We briefly describe the structure, learning objectives and overall flow of the courses. We then examine, in turn, a series of common challenges and our solutions and innovations in each: a) forming well-functioning student teams; b) choosing the appropriate size of teams; c) catalyzing innovation in the student teams; d) encouraging positive team dynamics and dealing with crises; e) defining the final deliverable; and f) deploying outside experts and g) assessments at the end of the course. To get a handle on the effectiveness of our approach we present a selection of student written reflections on their experience, how they felt it impacted them, and to what extent they see entrepreneurship in their own future. We conclude by identifying two broad areas for future work and study.


The present invention concerns a new process for Obtaining Polypeptides SHORT CHAIN, INCLUDING polypeptides having up to 3 disulfide bonds and / or rich structures amino acid residues basic and chain polypeptides SHORT STRUCTURED OPEN, FOR EXAMPLE, glucagon , glucagon-like peptides and their functional analogs in yeast cells genetically modified, having reduced PROTEASE ACTIVITY YAP3. The invention further comprises genetically modified yeast cells, and a process for the preparation of said yeast cells.


A field study was conducted to measureair leakage in modem farm buildings of typical construction in order to evaluate the performanceof their air barriers.A large capacity mobilefan was used to determine air leakage rates for inside-to-outside pressure differences of 10,20,40,50, and 60 Pa.


Objective To study the relaxing effect and its mechanism of an estrone derivate EA204 on isolated vascular smooth muscle of rabbits.Methods Preparations of isolated thoracic aorta of rabbits were prepared for study.The effect of EA204 on the preparations pre-contracted with noradrenaline(NE) or KCl was investigated.The influence of EA204 on the cumulative concentration-response curves of CaCl2 was studied and verapamil(Ver) was used to compare with EA204 as a noncompetitive inhibitor of Ca2+ channels.The effect of EA204 on K+ channels was studied by observing the difference of relaxing concentration-response curves of EA204 on preparations pre-contracted with BaCl2 or KCl before and after incubation with glibenclamide(10 μmol·L-1).Results EA204(10-3 mmol·L-1) had a concentration-dependent relaxing effecton isolated aorta strips of rabbits pre-contracted with NE or KCl.Both of incubation of EA204(10 μmol·L-1) and verapamil(0.1 μmol·L-1) shifted the concentration-response curves of CaCl2 to the right,and the rightward shift of the concentration-response curves of CaCl2 were dose dependent.After incubation with verapamil,the maximum responses of the cumulative concentration-response curves of CaCl2 were significantly decreased.However,the maximum responses were not affected after incubation with EA204.The relaxing concentration-response curves of EA204 on preparations pre-contracted with BaCl2 or KCl before and after incubation with glibenclamide were significantly changed.Conclusions EA204 can relax isolated vascular smooth muscle of rabbits;the mechanism is associated with the inhibition of Ca2+ channels and the opening of K+ channels.


Objective To assess the effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced hypotension on gastric intramucosal pH (pHi), gastric intramucosal PCO2 ( PgCO2 ) and the difference between PgCO2 and PaCO2 (PgCO2-PaCO2) .Methods Fifteen ASA I patients (11 male, 4 female) aged 22-43 yr8, weighing 51-68 kg undergoing laminectomy for decompression of spinal cord in prone position were enrolled in this study. The patients were intubated and mechanically ventilated with 100% O2 after induction of general anesthesia. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane (1.2-1.4%) . Radial artery was cannulated for BP monitoring and boood sampling. TRIP tonometry catheter 14 F was inserted into stomach and connected to Tonocap ( Datex-Ohmeda, Finland) . Controlled hypotension was induced with SNP infusion at 1-5 μg kg-1 min-1 . MAP was reduced to (60 ±5) mm Hg in 5-7 min and maintained for 60 min. Blood samples were taken before induced hypotension (T, ) , at 30 min (T2 ) and 60 min of hypotension (T3) and 30 min after hypotension (T4) for blood gas analysis. pHi, PgCO2 -PaCO2 and PETCO2 were also determined.Results MAP decreased by 35% and 33% at T2 and T3 as compared with the baseline (T, ) . pHi decreased significantly and PgCO2, PgCO2-PaCO2 increased significantly at T, as compared with those at T( ( P 0.01). There was no significant difference in pHi, PgCO2-PaCO2 between T3 and T, (P 0.05). pH at T2 ,T3 and T4 and BE at T3 and T4 were significantly lower than the baseline value (T1). PaCO2 and PET CO2 were significantly higher at T4 than those at T, (P 0.05) .Conclusion SNP-induced hypotension can produce early and transient disturbance of gastro-intestinal microcirculation.


 Great power competition is growing  Russia and China, in particular, are dissatisfied powers  The United States remains global strategically preponderant but the international system is under significant strain  Australia's interests are inexorably tied to the maintenance of the existing international system built around liberal principles, and we should contribute materially to its defence  In our own region China demonstrably is the primary source of instability and threat  Our region is undeniably a maritime one, and protection of the principles underpinning the international system as applied to the sea, such as freedom of navigation, must be protected


With the decreasing cost and growing size of main memory, it is increasingly relevant to utilize main-memory indexing for efficient query processing. We propose SPNET, which we believe is the first in-memory index for network-constrained trajectory data. To exploit the main-memory setting SPNET exploits efficient shortest-path compression of trajectories to achieve a compact index structure. SPNET is capable of exploiting the parallel computing capabilities of modern machines and supports both intra- and inter-query parallelism. The former improves response time, and the latter improves throughput. By design, SPNET supports a wider range of query types than any single existing index. An experimental study in a real-world setting with 1.94 billion GPS records and nearly 4 million trajectories in a road network with 1.8 million edges indicates that SPNET typically offers performance improvements over the best existing indexes of 1.5 to 2 orders of magnitude.


Today Networks are protected using many firewalls and security software's. Several of them are not sufficient and effective. Many intrusion detection systems for mobile ad hoc networks are focusing on either routing protocols or their efficiency, but they do not address the security problems. A number of nodes may be selfish meaning that by not forwarding the packets to the target, thereby cutting back the battery power. Some others may act malevolent by commencement of security attacks similar to denial of service or hack the data. The ultimate aim of the protection solutions for wireless networks is to offer security services, for instance confidentiality, authentication, accessibility, integrity, and secrecy to mobile users. This paper proposes a muiltier intrusion detection system. Here three tiers are application, routing and trust. The data transfer takes place between different nodes. First a trusted connection is established between different nodes. Second the routing policy is conformed for all nodes. Finally at the application layer data is routed on the type of application. The node not following trust or routing policy is considered a malicious node. In this research we have simulated different types of attacks and also provided pseudo code for different attacks like route invasion, eavesdrop, sinkhole. Then the performance of these attacks against the proposed algorithm has been calculated and result is displayed.


For a theoretical estimation of kinetic isotope effects, vibration frequencies of initial and transition states must be known. A method was developed for the calculation of vibration frequencies of polyatomic particles with the aid of an electronic digital computer. The problem is formulated in terms of cartesian displacement coordinates. After a few transformations, a symmetrical matrix is obtained whose eigenvalues may readily be calculated by application of a special iterative program. Factoring of the matrix in a preceding step can thus be avoided. The method was applied for the calculation of the vibration frequencies of the ions H/sub 3/O/sup +/ and D/sub 3/O/sup +/ as examples. (auth)


Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates angiogenesis during development and in disease. In pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, VEGF expression is regulated by A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR) activation. The present work examines the underlying signaling pathway. The adenylyl cyclase-protein kinase A cascade has no role in the down-regulation of VEGF mRNA induced by the A2AAR agonist, 2-[4-[(2-carboxyethyl)phenyl]ethylamino]-5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS21680). Conversely, 6-h exposure of cells to either phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors mimicked the CGS21680-induced down-regulation. PMA activated PKCα, PKCε, and PKCζ, and CGS21680 activated PKCε and PKCζ as assessed by cellular translocation. By 6 h, PMA but not CGS21680 decreased PKCα and PKCε expression. Neither compound affected PKCζ levels. Following prolonged PMA treatment to down-regulate susceptible PKC isoforms, CGS21680 but not PMA inhibited the cobalt chloride induction of VEGF mRNA. The proteasome inhibitor, MG-132, abolished PMA- but not CGS21680-induced down-regulation of VEGF mRNA. Phorbol 12,13-diacetate reduced VEGF mRNA levels while down-regulating PKCε but not PKCα expression. In cells expressing a dominant negative PKCζ construct, CGS21680 was unable to reduce VEGF mRNA. Together, the findings suggest that phorbol ester-induced down-regulation of VEGF mRNA occurs as a result of a reduction of PKCε activity, whereas that mediated by the A2AAR occurs following deactivation of PKCζ.


GEIST, KAMILE, Ph.D., December 2016, Curriculum and Instruction Sources of Knowledge in Music Therapy Clinical Practice Director of Dissertation: Gordon P. Brooks In a time where healthcare professionals are required to use evidence to support their clinical practices, there is a lack of information on what sources music therapists actually do use and whether they are using current evidence in their clinical practices. The purpose of this study was to provide a breadth of information regarding how often music therapists use various Sources of Knowledge when deciding on music‐based interventions in their clinical practice and to pilot a researcher‐created questionnaire on Sources of Knowledge in Music Therapy. The questionnaire was subjected to pilot testing procedures and reliability tests during the study. It was distributed to a random sample of board‐certified music therapists from the Certification Board for Music Therapists (CBMT) list. Results indicated that currently practicing music therapists' clinical experiences and academic and clinical training experiences, primarily internship, are the sources used most often when deciding what music intervention to use in a music therapy session. Current theory and research readings (TRR) in music therapy and non‐music therapy readings are not used as often, in fact rank lower than other sources, including academic and clinical training, clinical practices, supervision, and professional development. TRR items ranked higher than non‐theory and non‐research readings and most social situations items. Results also indicate that there were no significant


Since the 1950s, with the great development of computer technology and bionics, particle swarm optimization (PSO) was raised. The particle swarm optimization mimics the nature biological group behaviors, and has the following advantages compared to classic optimization algorithms: it is a global optimization process and doesn't depend on the initial state; it can be applied widely without prior knowledge on the optimization problems; the ideas and the implements of PSO are quite simple, the steps are standardization, and it's very convenient to integrate it with other algorithms; PSO is based on the swarm intelligence theory, and it has very good potential parallelism. Particle swarm optimization has a feature that fitness value is used to exchange information in the population, and guides the population to close the optimal solution. Therefore, a mount of fitness should be calculated in swarm intelligence optimization algorithms in order to find the optimal solution or an approximate one. However, when the calculation of the fitness is quite complex, the time cost of this kind of algorithms will be too large. What's more, the fitness of optimization problems in the real world is often difficult to calculate. Addressing this problem,Efficient Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on Affinity Propagation (EAPSO) is proposed in this paper.


A framework for using joint ventures (and other forms of cooperative strategy) within varying competitive environments is constructed, and hypotheses are developed concerning the impact of particular industry traits upon firms' options in pursuing them. Industry examples illustrate the framework's hypotheses. In this framework, demand traits suggest what types of cooperative strategies are needed. Competitor traits suggest how firms will respond to these needs for cooperation. Since joint ventures can be inherently unstable organizational forms, it is important for managers to (1) select the right cooperative strategy option and (2) modify the autonomy from (and coordination with) sponsoring firms that ventures enjoy as their industry structures evolve. Familiarity with cooperative strategy options is important because (1) as growth slows, (2) as markets shrink or become crowded, (3) as industries become global, or (4) as technological change accelerates to speeds where individual firms cannot recover their initial investments, managers will have less margin for error. If managers do not learn how to use cooperative strategies advantageously their firms may encounter difficulties in delivering adequate value to their customers, replenishing their base of skills, and/or safeguarding their abilities to increase long‐term shareholder value.


Combining ability and gene action for grain yield and other traits in maize were estimated under water stress and non-stress conditions at the Institute for Agricultural Research farms located at Samaru (11 o 11'N; 07 o 38'E) and Kadawa (11 o 39'N; 08 o 02'E) using North Carolina mating design II. Seven drought susceptible maize inbred lines used as females were crossed to six drought tolerant maize inbred lines used as males. The experiment was laid out using 7 x 8 simple lattice design with two replications under each condition at each location. Results of the combining ability analysis revealed that both additive and non-additive gene actions were responsible for the control of grain yield and other traits studied under water stress and non-stress conditions. However, the values of dominance genetic variance were greater than additive genetic variance for all traits which depicts the importance of non-additive gene action for controlling these traits. The low narrow sense heritability estimates also indicate the importance of non-additive gene action. The study showed that the female parents S1, S6 and S7 and the male parents P2, P7 and  P8 could be considered as good combiners for grain yield and other traits under the water stress and non-stress conditions. The crosses S1 x P2, S6 x P7 and S7 x P8 were the best among the hybrids for grain yield under water stress and non-stress conditions. Considering the dwindling amount of annual rainfall in the area where the study was carried out, these hybrids show potential for exploitation of grain yield and other desirable traits. Keywords: Combining ability, gene action, water stress, non-stress, heritability


Parabolic flows in which the pressure variation in the streamwise (or marching) direction is unknown a priori include internal thin shear layers, shock-boundary layer interactions, and inverse boundary layers with specified displacement thickness or shear stress. The pressure is typically obtained thorough an additional iteration beyond that required to determine the velocity components (and other dependent variables). A generalized block- tridiagonal procedure is discussed in which pressure is determined within the iteration for velocity components to substantially reduce computation time. The increase in algebraic complexity in the solution procedure is small; no increase in the size of the block matrices is required. The method applies to any marching solution in which a scalar dependent variable is constant across the flow, but varies in the streamwise or marching direction.


Purpose: This study evauated the effect of Perlane injection into the subcutaneous tissue on six patients with superior sulcus deformity. Methods: From August 2001 to September 2003, Perlane was injected on the six eye lids of six patients with superior sulcus deformity caused by orbital varix, blow-out fracture, or anophthalmos. Results: Superior sulcus deformity of all six patients was completely corrected with Perlane, bilateral symmetry was achieved for all six. Ocular pain and superior sulcus deformity disappeared after Perlane injection in two patients with orbital varices. Ptosis developed temporarily in one patient at two weeks after injection, was resolved spontaneously at 8 months. The average duration of correction was 12 months. Conclusions: Although Perlane is not a permanent material, the Perlane injection is an effective and easy way to correct superior sulcus deformity especially for those who do not want to undergo surgery or have the deformity undercorrected. A larger series of patients and longer follow-up might be necessary to obtain further information on Perlane injection for patients with superior sulcus deformity caused by various etiologies.


In this paper, two relay misoperation events are introduced. Misoperated functions are "Unit Overall Differential" function and "Transformer Ground Differential", also known as "Restricted Ground Fault" or "Restricted Earth Fault" function. Both relays operated when the operator tried to combine separated buses by closing the CB. The reason why the relays misoperated can be found in the relay's internal scheme, which is reducing the bias current smaller than ordinary values. This method enhances the sensitivity and it is a kind of the provider's philosophy. But this paper outlines that the bias reduction is sometimes risky, because the misoperation happened in normal operating condition. The operator's corrective action to prevent the misoperation will be described in this paper. Disturbance analyses based on the technical reference materials are also included in the paper.


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Letter from Homer D. Wade of the Texas Cotton Growers Association to Amon Carter supporting Carter in his battle with Harold Ickes.


Seafloor spreading can be explained by different dynamic mechanisms, magmatically or tectonically dominated. The Southwest Sub‐basin, located at the southwest tip of the propagating seafloor spreading of the South China Sea, remains unclear for its spreading regime owing to poor and debated knowledge of the crustal structures. Here two multichannel seismic lines and one oceanic bottom seismometer line across this subbasin are reprocessed and analyzed with focus on crustal imaging. The sediments are usually 0.5–1.0 km thick over the abyssal basin and slightly thicker in the few grabens. The thickest (3.3 km) sediments are found in the fossil spreading center. The basement is fairly rough and highly faulted by ubiquitous crustal faults. The fossil spreading center is characterized by a deep median valley, similar to that of magma‐poor spreading cases. Both multichannel seismic lines show a few intermittent and diffusive reflectors at 1.5‐ to 3.6‐km depth below the fragmented basement. These reflectors, correlating well with the velocities of 6.8–7.2 km/s obtained from velocity inversion of oceanic bottom seismometer data, are interpreted as Moho reflections. Thus, the inferred crustal thickness is only 1.5–3.6 km excluding the sediments, which is much thinner than usual. The underlying mantle with velocities lower than 8.0 km/s might be serpentinized with water infiltration along these crustal faults. Therefore, it is proposed that the spreading of the Southwest Sub‐basin was tectonically dominated.