Fractal Image Compression (FIC) method provides a color image compression solution with an extremely high compression ratio, however it requires relative large amount of operations to complete codification. In this paper, we have developed an efficient approach for a fractal image compression applied to a color image, which utilizes a fractal coding on RGB to YCrCb color transformation and suitable sampling modes, then implemented on FPGA board. The experimental results performed by Fisher's method for a color image have verified the possibility to design a SoC for fast fractal coder/decoder of a color image.


In this paper, we study the two medium access control (MAC) sublayer policies, namely, schedule after backoff (SAB) and schedule before backoff (SBB), which offer differentiated services in IEEE 802.11-based wireless networks. Both policies control channel access based on frame priorities. In the SAB policy, each node maintains concurrent backoff instances (one per priority class) with different parameter values to realize service differentiation. High-priority data frames use a shorter contention window, so that, in most cases, they are transmitted before the low-priority ones. The enhanced distributed coordination function (EDCF) scheme specified in the upcoming IEEE 802.11e standard is based on the SAB policy. Recent studies [A. Lindgren et al., June 2003] have shown that under high loads of high-priority traffic, EDCT starves low-priority frames. We propose SBB policy, which provides service differentiation without the need for maintaining concurrent backoff instances. In SBB, frame transmission proceeds in two sequential steps: (i) selecting the next frame to be transmitted, and (ii) channel access functionality until the selected frame is either successfully transmitted or its number of retransmissions exceeds the retry limit. These two steps are independent and can be performed using several alternatives. Depending on the way the two steps are carried out, we present four SBB-based MAC schemes. We evaluate SAB and SBB-based MAC schemes through simulation experiments. Our simulation results show that the SBB policy does not starve low-priority traffic and offers differentiated service on par with SAB. This suggests that maintenance of concurrent backoff instances contributes little towards performance improvement.


This paper arrange the observation data of the electromagnetic waves before earthquakes in Jiangsu Province and its vicinities in 20 years. It also collect and analyze the corresponding relations between abnormal signs and earthquakes. As a result, there are some corresponding relations between it and three elements of earthquake. And electromagnetic characters are discussed through producing-electromagnetic wave mechanism and radiating method.


The effect of fermenting process was evaluated by investigating the changes in minerals content of on the Nile tiger-fish (Hydrocynus spp)," fessiekh'', the traditional fermented fish product in Sudan. Total minerals content was (48.5μg/g) in fresh and (44.75μg/g) in fermented fish.Significant change (P<0.05) was detected in phosphorous (P), from (41.8μg/g) in fresh to (34.6μg/g) in fermented fish, constituting (86% and 77%) of total minerals, respectively. Mn also decreased from (0.184 ± 0.16μg/g) to (0.162 ± 0.17μg/g), and Ti decreased from (0.029 ± 0.02μg/g) to (0.025 ± 0.0417μg/g). The contents of Ba, Fe, Zn, Al and B increased in fermented fish forming (8.4%, 4.4%, 3.8%, 3.3% and 1.5%) of total minerals, respectively, compared to (4.8%, 2.7%, 2.5%, 1.3% and 1.3%), respectively, in fresh fish. Although fermenting process lead to slight changes of some mineral contents, the results revealed that fermented fish 'fessiekh' is a rich source of macro and micro-elements for human nutrition and health and the consuming rate of fermented fish should be encouraged.


Introduction: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) affects up to 1 in 500 of the population and is the commonest cause of sudden death in the younger population. However, its pathophysiology and mecha...


Graphene has been considered as a promising material which may find applications in the THz science. In this work, we numerically investigate tunable photonic crystals in the THz range based on stacked graphene/dielelctric layers, a complex pole—residue pair model is used to find the effective permittivity of graphene, which could be easily incorporated into the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) algorithm. Two different schemes of photonic crystal used for extending the bandgap have been simulated through this FDTD technique.


In this paper we consider two recently proposed schemes for the fair allocation of bandwidth in high speed networks carrying TCP traffic: XCP and FairShare. We explain the different design philosophies represented by each one and demonstrate through a set of simulations that FairShare, by making better use of the round-trip-time information, avoids the performance shortcomings that appear in XCP under environments with diverse round–trip times. Furthermore, it is pointed out that XCP cannot perform well under environments where short lived and long lived flows share the link bandwidth and the isolation of flows on the basis of their lifetimes, as implemented in FairShare is preferable.


Carcass traits of culling ewes from Texel and Polwarth breeds submitted to two feeding systems were evaluated. Twenty ewes (10 from Polwarth breed and 10 from Texel breed) were randomly distributed according to its genetic group, in two feeding systems (feedlot and cultivated pasture). The slaughter was carried out when the animals reached body condition score of 3.5 points. Hot carcass (HCW) and cold carcass (CCW) weights and hot carcass (HCD) and cold carcass (CCD) dressing of Texel ewes were higher than those of Polwarth ewes: 27.85 and 19.04 kg, 27.08 and 18.43 kg, 47.25 and 45.20 and 45.95 and 43.72%, respectively. The absolute weights of cuts for leg, shoulder, neck and rib, and absolute weights for muscles, bones and leg fat of ewes from Texel breed were higher than those obtained by Polwarth breed. When evaluated as relative weights, however, these characteristics did not differ between the two breeds. The feeding system did not constitute a change factor for carcass traits of culling ewes. Texel ewes breed showed cuts with higher weights than those obtained by Polwarth ewes breed.


We report on the analysis results of the current 2008–2010 X-ray activities of Be/X-ray transient pulsar A 0535+26 observed with MAXI/GSC. From 2008, the source again re-entered an active phase showing the periodic X-ray outbursts. In the current activities, the precursor events have been observed before the normal/giant outbursts. The present precursor and outburst period is 115-days instead of the 110-day oribital period. This difference would be related to the structure of the circumstellar disk of the companion Be star.


Introduction Postage stamps and related objects are miniature communication tools, and they tell a story about cultural and political identities and about artistic forms of identity expressions. They are part of the world's material heritage, and part of history. Ever more of this postal heritage becomes available online, published by stamp collectors' organizations, auction houses, commercial stamp shops, online catalogues, and individual collectors. Virtually collecting postage stamps and postal history has recently become a possibility. These working papers about Africa are examples of what can be done. But they are work-in-progress! Everyone who would like to contribute, by sending corrections, additions, and new area studies can do so by sending an email message to the APH editors: Ton Dietz (firstname.lastname@example.com) and/or Jan Jansen (email@example.com). You are welcome!


Russia is experiencing a low birth rate, which is significantly below the level of simple reproduction. In the paper, grandparenting and grandparental labour are considered as a resource of fertility. The research aims to identify specific regional situations – models of grandparental labour in the socio-economic space of Russia. As a source of information, we used data from a statistical monitoring of people's living standard carried out by The Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Based on some of the questions of the survey in 2018, it was possible to construct indicators of grandparental labour. We used hierarchical cluster analysis to identify territorial models of parental labour. In the course of the analysis, 6 groups of regions were revealed, in which various models of grandparents' labour were observed. The analysis conducted allowed to characterise the grandparental labour models established in Russian regions according to the labour's pervasiveness and intensity, features of its actors, and common regional socio-economic indicators. Considering these results may help to realise federal projects in Russian regions more effectively.


The results of a Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering (TERS) and Surface-Enhanced InfraRed Absorption (SEIRA) study of CdSe nanocrystals (NCs) and CdSe/CdS nanoplatelets (NPLs) on arrays of Au nanodiscs and nanoantennas fabricated using nanolithography are discussed. In addition, the perspectives of nano-IR spectroscopy for hyperspectral infrared nanoimaging of AlN nanocolumns are also considered. Monolayers (MLs) of CdSe NCs with a size of 5-6 nm and sub-MLs of CdSe/CdSe NPLs consisting of 1.5 nm CdSe core and 0.6 nm CdS shell were deposited on plasmonic substrates using the LangmuirBlodgett technology. TERS by longitudinal optical (LO) and surface optical (SO) phonons in CdSe-based nanostructures placed in the gap between the TERS tip apex and Au nanodisks was observed. The TERS signal from MLs of CdSe NCs on Au nanodisk arrays forms a pattern of ordered rings with a diameter equal or below that of the Au nanodisks dependent on the excitation energy. A superposition of the TERS image on the corresponding AFM topography shows that the centers of the rings and Au nanodisks perfectly coincide. This indicates a strong dependency of TERS phonon mode intensity on the LSPR energy of the coupled system of the tip and the nanodisk and their relative position as well as evidences the electromagnetic mechanism of TERS. TERS maps for CdSe/CdS NPLs reproducing the size and shape of the NPLs are consistent with AFM images and allowed the phonon spectrum of single NCs and NPL to be investigated. SEIRA by optical phonons of MLs of CdSe-based nanostructures on Au nanoantennas with structural parameters allowing the coupling to the LSPR modes is discussed. The frequency positions of the absorption features evidence that the SO phonons of MLs of CdSe/CdS NPLs are active in the SEIRA spectra. We also present the results of the hyperspectral infrared nanoimaging of AlN nanocolumns based on fourier transform infrared nanospectroscopy. AlN nanocolumns with a diameter and height of about 200 and 50 nm, respectively, were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. IR nanospectroscopy allows the spatial localization of optical phonon modes with different symmetry in AlN to be studied.


It is frequently suggested that designing artifacts requires a deep understanding of context. We analyzed 186 papers from three specific literature searches involving a design process for global development applications. Each paper was reviewed and coded for (1) whether or not the study teams performed some level of contextual investigation, (2) the methods and/or approaches for understanding the artifact's context, and (3) use of open-ended analysis or framework-based analysis for qualitative contextual investigation. In total, 159 papers (85%) described some level of contextual investigation with 46 of these describing performance-focused field tests in the artifact's context of use and 113 papers using qualitative methods for contextual investigation. 18 papers used a framework, such as a cited questionnaire, for analyzing their contextual data, overwhelmingly during needs assessment and validation stages of design. We find that study teams of every paper motivated their design with contextual information, but there was great diversity in how context was investigated, analyzed, and described. Few linked their design decisions to specific contextual factors. We recommend that researchers include detailed description of methods and contextual factors considered during their design process to improve the transferability and repeatability of design approaches.


To explain the historic housing boom and bust, most analysis has identified easy credit in the form of low interest rates, subprime mortgages, and relaxed qualifications for borrowers. But as Wenli Li explains, recent research suggests an additional factor: real estate speculation.


The importance of bacteria in oceans and lakes is slowly gaining recognition. The post-war Soviet studies on the Black Sea have led to the development of techniques which are being used in the "complex studies" being conducted on virtually all major water bodies of the world. These investigations, which are primarily concerned with the productivity of water basins, have led to some very interesting observations from "pole to pole." Included are studies such as the bacterial development in the region of the North Pole, chemosynthesis in water reservoirs, and the use of bacteria as hydrological indicators of Antarctic water masses. The purpose of this review is to draw attention to and discuss the nature and extent of Soviet work in aquatic bacteriology.


Demand for rice remains high in Liberia with low farm-level productivity (1.2 t/ha). The ability of smallholder rice farmers to improve output levels and attain sustainable production depends on efficient farm practices, hence technical efficiency. A stochastic frontier production function was applied to examine the technical efficiency of rice production. A two stage random sampling with stratification was used to collect data from 400 rice farmers in Bein Garr and Panta Districts, Central Liberia. The study has revealed that technical efficiency among farmers range from 14% to 88%, with the mean of 55%; indicating that on average, the actual output can be increased by 45% in the study area with the available technology and resources.  The determinants explaining efficiency variation in the study area were education, farming experience, household size, credit access, group membership and the type of seed used. The study recommends policies that target on increasing and improving farmers' access to credit so as to enable the farmers get the needed production inputs such as improved seeds and fertilizer on time. Furthermore, farmers should be encouraged to organize themselves into associations/cooperatives around major rice producing and processing hubs. Keywords: smallholder farmers, rice, technical efficiency, stochastic frontier, Liberia


Domestic energy use is determined by multiple non-technological factors, such as the occupants' lifestyle and activities, which can even offset the effect from energy-efficiency technologies. Acquiring the actual occupancy data relating to energy use in a uniform format to generate comparable and representative information is challenging. Projects that seek to address this issue, such as the Retrofit for the Future and Building Performance Evaluation programmes of the Technology Strategy Board in the UK, usually require major investment. Long-term monitoring and longitudinal observation are two major features in these major investment projects. The former approach refers to the frequent measurement of indoor / outdoor environments and energy use conducted over at least two heating seasons, in line with the whole-house carbon and energy monitoring protocol of the Energy Saving Trust (2011). The latter approach, longitudinal observation, refers to observations conducted on the same group of individuals over an extended study period of years or decades to examine changes over time (Bryman, 2012). The majority of existing households and associated stakeholders that could potentially benefit from the investigation of energy-related occupancy activities cannot feasibly be involved in projects requiring major investment.


component parts. By the thirteenth century the concepts of the common good and public utility were being de lo ed to undermine conventional immunities and to y identify dynastic p,olicy wi• the bonum publicurn. A second problem which merited the authors attention was the gradual process by which the legal doctrine of necessity, which originally related largelyto persons, was applied to the state as a iuristic person. Lastly, it might have been indicated that the theory of the legal emergency powers of the ruler in time of war was powerfully aided by the more liberal definition of the bellurn legitimum which was formulated in the first half of the fourteenth century. It was then contended that war could be waged legitimately for expansion (pro dilitatione regni), for honour and glory, and for the settlement of disputes between political communities which were naturally incompatible. But these are minor matters. These important studies afford ample evidence of rigorous scholarship, immense learning, and a keen critical faculty. They will wear well. C. C. BAYLV. y


To eliminate climate gas emissions from aluminum electrolysis, significant research and development efforts focus on non-consumable oxygen evolving anodes to replace the carbon anodes used in the Hall Héroult process. Modifying the cryolite-based electrolyte currently used, by partly replacing Na with K in the molten fluoride, opens up a range of metallic alloys as feasible materials for inert anodes. In this work, the performance of Cu-Ni-Fe anodes, with or without surface treatment, is benchmarked against Pt and the pure components of the alloy.
 Anodic overpotential using an inert anode with low-temperature electrolyte, 750–800 ⁰C, for aluminum reduction should be low to compensate for ~1.10 V higher reversible potential for O₂ evolution than in conventional Hall-Héroult process at 960 ⁰C. In this study, voltammetry methods were applied in a low-temperature electrolyte mixture of KF-NaF-AlF₃-Al₂O₃ at 800 ⁰C. Oxygen evolution overpotential on pure Pt anode was measured using steady-state polarization. Tafel plots were obtained, and kinetic parameters were derived in the form of Tafel coefficients and exchange current density. A theoretical treatment for anodic process on Pt electrode with a two-step electron transfer mechanism is developed.
 Some anodic polarization curves were obtained for pure metals of Cu, Ni, Fe, and alloy of Cu-Ni-Fe in KF-NaF-AlF₃-Al₂O₃ at 800 ⁰C. Prior to use, some anodes of Cu-Ni-Fe alloy were oxidized in air at 800 ⁰C for 8 h and found to perform relatively better than an untreated alloy of the same composition. Anodes following electrochemical measurements were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).


The decline in the number of clothing manufacturers and the effect of globalisation have contributed to complexities in estimations and the scheduling of demand, as well as lead time management in the South African clothing industry. This article explores demand planning factors affecting the South African clothing industry, with specific reference to Gauteng. The study was necessitated due to demand planning challenges facing the South African clothing industry as well as economic factors which contribute to inaccuracies in clothing demand planning. The study makes an impact in the garment production factories of Gauteng in South Africa and adds to the philosophy of demand planning practices. It uncovers key factors affecting demand planning practices in the Gauteng clothing industry, South Africa. The study is explorative and descriptive in nature and it uses SPSS to analyse data. The findings revealed that there were factors affecting how demand planning practices were conducted in the clothing industry. The factors that have a significant influence on clothing demand planning include the scheduling of the manufacturing of customers' orders, planning for fashion clothes, the use of the POS system, clothing imports, estimating future clothing requirements, recession and the effect of the late arrival of clothes. Therefore, clothing industry stakeholders should take these factors into consideration when planning for their demand to ensure customer needs can be fully met, thus improving the performance of the clothing industry.


Two linear oligo-TTFs were synthesised employing a stepwise
strategy involving two different thiolate protecting groups. These linear
TTFs were incorporated into donor–acceptor rotaxanes with the cyclic
acceptor, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene). Moreover, a prototype rotaxane based on a bis(pyrrolo)-TTF
was prepared and studied.


After a definition of learning autonomy which emphasizes its relative nature, the reflection revolves around two questions: what are the obstacles to the autonomy of visually impaired students, in general and more particularly in language education and language acquisition, and what can be done for the students to grow? The capacities of each student, his/her personal and social attitude, the situations he/she is confronted with, the margin of freedom or independence which is granted or which he/she agrees with, the attitude of those around him/her, and the teacher's skills appear to be determining factors for optimal autonomy in language education and language acquisition.


Using the density functional theory (DFT), first-principles computations were performed to investigate the intercalation site, phase transformation, electronic properties, and migration energy barrier of Li and Mg atoms in V2O5 to thoroughly illuminate the phase transformation and microscopic interaction as well as the migration mechanism of Li and Mg in V2O5. It is found that Li and Mg atoms prefer to locate at the site that is above, near the center of the quadrilateral composed of four V atoms. With the increase of the intercalation concentration (0 ≤ x ≤ 1), V2O5 undergoes a structural transformation from α-phase to e-phase and δ-phase. Compared with e-M0.5V2O5 (M = Li/Mg), the electronic conductivity of δ-MV2O5 (M = Li/Mg) is declined. On the basis of diffusion kinetics, Mg exhibits more difficulty in inserting and extracting in V2O5 than Li. This study can be useful for the further application of V2O5 in Mg ion batteries.


My thesis argues that Gabriele d'Annunzio and Thomas Mann both conceive of artistic creation as a process which is influenced by their interpretations of Nietzsche's notion of the Dionysian, and that striking affinities characterise their respective literary portrayals of the relationship between the artist and (a version of) the Dionysian. D'Annunzio and Mann, who were contemporaries, are rarely considered together, and it is widely assumed that there is little common ground between them. This thesis will demonstrate that their creative and critical engagement with Nietzsche, especially his idea of the Dionysian, offers a productive way of comparing the two writers and illuminating hitherto overlooked parallels between their understandings of creativity. The relationship between the artist and the Dionysian will constitute the main point of comparison. For both d'Annunzio and Mann, the Dionysian appears as a drive that can promote creativity, through encouraging liberation from repression and the rediscovery of primordial energies, but also destruction, by threatening self-dissolution, chaos and annihilation. The Dionysian will be seen to offer a highly precarious form of creativity. The artist's success, and even survival, will depend upon his ability to master this potentially lethal drive, and channel the impulses it triggers into artistic production.


A number of water development and conservation programmes are currently being undertaken in South Africa, one of the most notable being the Working for Water Programme. The economic rationale underlying the programme in selected mountain catchments in the Western Cape was presented by Van Wilgen et al. (South African Journal of Science, 93: 404–11, 1997) and Marais (Unpublished, PhD thesis, University of Stellenbosch, 1998). A cost–benefit analysis of the Working for Water Programme in the Mgeni catchment in KwaZulu‐Natal was conducted by Gillham & Haynes (Unpublished paper presented at Tenth South African National Hydrology Symposium, 2001). Cost–benefit analysis has also been conducted in the Eastern Cape by Hosking & Du Preez (South African Journal of Science, 95: 442–8, 1999). There are, however, aspects of these assessments which merit more attention than they have been given thus far. One of these aspects is the value of water benefits, and this article examines it from the perspectives of marginal cost and willingness to pay. It is shown that different approaches are appropriate for different project locations, and that significantly different results are being obtained using these approaches. It is concluded that great care is needed in relating the value of water benefits to the specifics of the various locations where the conservation project is being implemented.


Cirrhosis is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality, one of the most common causes being hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Diagnosis, staging and complication assessment are equally important in patients' management, as well as establishing the right indication for antiviral treatment and further follow-up.  So far, it is well recognized the role of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in the evaluation of focal liver lesions in the cirrhotic liver, while its capabilities of describing morphological changes of the liver and the extrahepatic response to increased portal pressure is less extensively used. The aim of this review is to underline the utility of MDCT as a useful complementary tool in the evaluation of patients with hepatitis C-related cirrhosis.


This essay deals with a singular construction built by Giovanni Battista Caretti in the garden of Villa Torlonia in Rome, between 1800 and 1830. The so-called "ruin of nymphaeum", the only surviving part of a composite system of ruins, built for Alessandro Torlonia, has not, until now, been the object of any exhaustive study which could clarify historic and design aspects, and furthermore, characterize this particular class of folies. The essay analyses the building with the help of accurate measurements. A lack of archival documents did not prevent the author proposing some interesting theses on the method of construction and the possible models of reference, also in relation to the antiquarian culture of the architect (who was also the architect of the Gallery of Ercole and Lira in the destroyed Palazzo Torlonia in piazza Venezia). Particular attention is paid to the spolia which were re-used in the ruin, among which, a part from the original complex of statues (classified by Carlo Gasparri and now displayed in the museum of the Casino dei Principi), two large fragments of a Domitian cornice, and a group of 15th century consoles, probably from the studio of Andrea Bregno, all stand out. The specific characteristics of these fragments suggest that they originate from the antiques collection of the Colonna family, a collection, the importance of which is documented by some previously unknown archival documents cited in the essay.


The author discusses standards governing situations where a computer is used in a safety system design. Specifically IEEE Std 7-4.3.2-1933, section 5.5.1, which states that "computer systems shall be designed to perform their safety functions when subjected to all conditions, external or internal, which have significant potential for defeating the safety function".<<ETX>>


This paper deals with the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) observability analysis for sensorless control design. The problem of loss of observability at low frequency range is always recognized in experimental settings. Nevertheless, there are no sufficient theoretical observability analyses for the PMSM. In the literature, only the sufficient observability condition has been presented. Therefore, the current work is aimed especially to the necessary observability condition analysis. Furthermore, an Estimator/Observer Swapping system is designed here for the surface Permanent Magnet SynchronousMotor (PMSM) to overcome position observability problems at zero speed which is an unobservable state point.


A bstrncl! A theoretjical minimum emittance lablice for an eiectron storage ring is derived, where the dispersion function at thr entrance to the dipole is varied to minimize the c. H > function in the dipole. We find that the achievable minimum emittance is about l/3 that of the equivalent C:haslnan-Green lattice. The interesting aspect is that t,he optimal minimum 8' value in the minimum emittance lattice is /t/3 times larger than that of the corresponding (!hnsmn~~-Green Lattice. Therefore it may be easier to achieve t.he minimum emittance with this lattice. However, t,hr theoretical minimum emitt,ance lattice does not have a zercr dispersion straight section.


This paper deals with the accurate evaluation of th e induced currents on a microstrip of finite thickness. The proposed method is based on a particular expression of the Green function, leading to a dual integral equation, effectively solved by means of an expansion of the density curr ents in Neumann series. The proposed method is full-wave and can be useful for an accurate evaluation of the microstrip parameters. The validation of this techn ique has been done by means of a comparison with a finite element commercial code, s uch as COMSOL.


A kind of 7-axle motor-servo movement controller,which adopts ARM processor and the FPGA design,was introduced for its application on the data arm platform.When compared with the traditional multi-axle motor-servo movement controller designed by MCU,it shows that this controller possesses fairly high integration and flexibility and is convenient for the user to achieve comparatively complicated algorithms.Experiment indicates that this controller could satisfy the requirement of multi-axle motor-servo movement controller.In the remote-operation oriented 7DOF data arm platform,let this controller be applied to data collection of joints and force feedback controlling system,so as to realize the real-time collection of multi-joint data and the instantaneous movement of force feedback motor.This controller can be applied to the design of controlling systems for various kinds of robot,medical device and data controlled machine tools.


Objective To analyze CT features of the pulmonary segment lesions.Methods The CT findings of 44 patients with pulmonary segment lesions were reviewed. The diseases included chronic pneumonitis(n15), tuberculosis(n12),lung cancer(n17), all proved pathologically.Results Wedge-shape or cone-shape of lesions was demonstrated in most of cases. In chronic pneumonitis, the border of lesion was depression or straight without hilar mass and bronchus obstructed. Most lesion was isodensity and the air bronchogram could be found in some cases. In tuberculosis, the border was irregular or hazy with different density inside the lesion(cavity, calcification, bronchiectasis). Satellite-lesion and thickening of the pleura nearby were found commonly. In lung cancer, the hilar mass and/or obstructed bronchus were the characteristic, with the border evagination in some cases. According to the above, 75% of the cases was diagnosed correctly.Conclusion Some relative specific CT manifestation existed in the pulmonary segment lesions caused by chronic pneumonitis, tuberculosis and lung cancer. But the CT of some patients were similar to each other, of which diagnosis must be based on pathology.


Magnetic Field Wireless Power Transfer (MF-WPT) systems typically employ ferrite cores in order to improve magnetic coupling and minimize the extraneous field. The size of the couplers and hence the ferrite cores for an MF-WPT system are determined to a large part by the separation. The shape of the core is important in minimizing the extraneous magnetic flux. However, large, custom ferrite parts are expensive. Moreover, large monolithic pieces of ferrite are quite prone to breakage and thus not very suitable to a vehicular environment. Thus, it can be advantageous to employ a multi-piece ferrite core consisting of simple standardized shapes. The use of smaller ferrite cores separated by air gaps also mitigates dimensional resonances. Mn-Zn ferrite provides high permeability and high saturation flux density but intrinsically exhibits very large dielectric polarizability. The dielectric behavior of the ferrite tends to guide electric flux lines such that the normal flux is continuous across a dielectric boundary. The electric field of an MF-WPT system can be decomposed into conservative (irrotational) and solenoidal (divergenceless) components. The conservative electric field is contrasted with the solenoidal electric field predicted by Faraday's law and can be thought of as arising from the voltage drop across the windings. Typically, the conservative component of the electric field is much greater in magnitude than is the solenoidal component. If the permittivity is sufficiently large and an air gap exists which is normal to the natural direction of the conservative electric field, nearly the entire terminal voltage will appear across the air gap resulting in very intense electric field in the gap. If the terminal voltage is large and the air gaps are sufficiently small the field intensity can exceed breakdown levels. Even with dielectric material in the air gap, partial discharge is possible over time. Discussion on the mitigation of this effect is provided.


Background Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy is known to suppress gastric acid secretion. Thus PPI therapy may decrease gastric volume and gastric contents available for gastro‐oesophageal reflux by decreasing acid secretion.


Emails have been increasingly popular and have become an indispensible tool for communication and document exchange. Because of its convenience, people use emails every day at work, at school, and for personal matters. Consequently, the number of emails people receive daily keeps on increasing, causing them to spend more time organizing the emails. People often need to classify and move email into folders so that they can go back and read them later. Most email client tools available today allow the users to filter and organize emails by defining rules on how to handle incoming emails. However, this manual process requires users to know their expected emails very well, and to make good use of these tools users need to understand how filtering rules work and how to apply them correctly. In reality, most users do not know what their incoming emails will be. The work described in this paper aims to take the burden of organizing emails away from users by using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) [10] to automatically extract topics from emails and group them into folders of common topics. Experiments have shown that the proposed method is able to correctly group emails in appropriate topics with 77% accuracy.


This paper presents criteria for an 'ideal' simulation language, compares four traditional simulation languages to this ideal and concludes that an object-oriented approach to simulation comes closer to the ideal than the traditional procedural approach. It also examines how the object-oriented approach can be very beneficial for distributing a simulation problem among several machines. A distributed object-oriented package is described and a manufacturing example written and explained using this package.


Technical faults in the attack phase are the subject of this research, since they are relevant, in some extent, for the achievement of the maximal competitive success, i.e. they impact the final result. This transversal research has the goal to identify record and analyze technical faults which occur in the attack phase of top female team handball players. By analyzing, presenting and comparing the previously identified technical faults during the attack phase, it is possible to determine the demonstrated differences in the incidence and the effects of technical faults within the observed varied qualitative levels, as well as between these levels. The method used in this research is analytical and synthetic, while statistic methodology is used as an auxiliary method within the quantitative analysis. The observed sample is representative and comprises of the highest-quality (representative) selections of the V European Championship for Women in Denmark 2002. Sixteen selections were observed, with the total of 48 games they played.


Funded by the Minerals Coordinating Committee of the Minnesota
Department of Natural Resources; the Permanent University Trust
Fund; and Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota Duluth, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811-1442.


The present disclosure is a method for removing a sulfide compound from a fluid containing the sulfide compound, wherein the method includes bringing the fluid into contact with a metal organic framework having copper ions and organic ligands. The present disclosure also provides a hydrogen generation device (13) equipped with a desulfurizer (16) and a reformer (18) which is connected to the desulfurizer (16) and which generates hydrogen from a fuel processed by the desulfurizer (16). The desulfurizer (16) has: a container (20) having an inlet (20a) and an outlet (20b); and a desulfurization agent (22) loaded into the container. The desulfurization agent (22) includes a metal organic framework having copper ions and organic ligands.


Received December 04, 2019 Accepted February 12, 2020 Published June 05, 2020 The implementation of the health protocol is wearing a mask, washing hands and keeping a distance. rules or regulations that must be followed from all parties in order to be able to carry out activities safely during the pandemic. This study uses quantitative research methods that are analytical surveys using cross sectional. Samples were taken as many as 50 fishermen at TPI Sungai Padang from 50 populations with a sampling technique using total sampling. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes with the implementation of health protocols for fishermen at the Padang River Fish Auction Place (TPI) in the district of Medang swift, Batu Bata district in 2020. Data analysis was used with chi-square with =0.05. the results of the bivariate study showed that there was a relationship between knowledge of 0,010 < 0.05. Then there is a relationship between attitudes and the implementation of health protocols, the result of which the P Value is 0,002 < 0.05. Keyword:


A 12-year-old girl with complex partial seizures who had pubertal arrest of both growth and secondary sexual development while receiving VPA is reported from the Department of Pediatrics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH and the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.


The effects of grouping items into categories were assessed for three methods of selection: 1) selecting a toolbar item with a mouse (Toolbar method); 2) selecting a menu item with a mouse (Menu method); and 3) selecting a menu item with a keyboard shortcut (Keyboard method). Users performed one of the three methods across 270 trials and had their speeds assessed in blocks of 30 trials. For each method, half the users selected items from a single menu or toolbar while the other half selected items from two menus or toolbars. Overall, the Keyboard method was the fastest, followed by the Toolbar method. When two menus or toolbars were used, users reported making category decisions regardless of the method used. With the Menu method, category decisions did not slow performance because they were offset by faster item selection due to fewer items in each menu when two menus were used. With the Toolbar method, the effect of fewer items in each toolbar when two toolbars were used was less pronounced. With the Keyboard method, there was no effect of fewer items in each menu because users recalled the keyboard shortcuts without looking at the menu items. These findings, coupled with past research that proficient use of the Keyboard method requires more trials than the other methods, confirm the use of toolbars for infrequently-used interfaces and keyboard shortcuts for frequently-used interfaces.


Halogenations are mostly rapid and cannot be studied by the conventional method, hence, hydrodynamic voltammetry which is based on voltammetric principles can be adopted to study these fast reactions, provided either a reactant or a product in the reaction is electro reducible. These reactions are mostly electrophillic substitution reactions and second order when molecular halogens are used as a reagent. Rapid kinetic studies on some important halogenated aromatic compounds at rotating platinum electrode (RPE) using hydrodynamic voltammetry are summarized and reviewed for a period of the last few years. The advancement made to the technique as well as its application for mechanistic purposes, electrode kinetic measurements, pharmaceutical, and analytical applications have been addressed. As an investigative tool, kinetics has been used to obtain thermodynamic data that allows a quantitative comparison of the reactivity of the two substrates such as activation energy, velocity constants, frequency factors, and entropy change. This aids in configuring the mechanistic route, from among those theoretically possible by checking the compatibility with experimentally observed facts.


Abstract 2027 Background: High-dose melphalan (HDM), 200 mg/m2, is the standard regimen for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (auto-HCT) for multiple myeloma (MM). Although HDM-induced cardiotoxicity is reported, its incidence is not well known. In this retrospective analysis we evaluated the incidence of cardiotoxicity and its impact on outcome in patients undergoing auto-HCT for MM. Methods: Three-hundred and sixty-nine consecutive patients who received melphalan 200 mg/m2 for auto-HCT ASCT between January 2006 and December 2009 were included in these analyses. Cardiac toxicity was defined as any cardiac adverse event reported from the day of administration of melphalan to day+ 30 after auto-HCT. Results: Patient characteristics are summarized in Table 1. Median age at auto-HCT was 59 years (32–78 years). Median time from diagnosis to auto-HCT was 8.0 months (1.8–266.3). Patients undergoing auto-HCT had a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of >40%, and no symptomatic cardiac disease. Thirty-five patients had concurrent or AL amyloidosis, and 43 patients had a prior history of cardiac disease. By day +30 after auto-HCT, 34 patients (9.2%) developed one or more adverse cardiac adverse events (AE). Twenty-seven patients experienced a single cardiac AE: atrial fibrillation (a fib): 16, congestive heart failure (CHF): 3, supraventricular tachycardia (SVT): 3, ischemic chest pain: 2, ventricular bigeminy: 1, diastolic dysfunction: 1 and sudden cardiac death in a patient with AL amyloidosis: 1. Seven patients had a combination of 2 or more cardiac adverse events: CHF + a fib: 4, ischemic chest pain + QT prolongation: 1, ischemic chest pain + left bundle branch block (LBBB): 1, ischemic chest pain + premature ventricular contractions (PVCs): 1. Overall, supraventricular arrhythmias were responsible for cardiac AE in 6.2% (23/369) of the patients. Twenty-eight patients (82%) fully recovered from the cardiac AE. Four patients required long term pharmacologic treatment of a fib, and one patient with a fib developed a cerebellar infarct without residual neurologic deficits. Patients with cardiac AE were older (median age: 62 vs. 59, p=0.014) and had a prior history of cardiac disease (17/34 vs. 20/335, p=0.0001) compared to patients without cardiac AE. Gender, concurrent AL amyloidosis, interval between diagnosis and auto-HCT, or transplant before or after the year 2000 were not associated with cardiac AE. Median overall follow up was 28 months (1–369). 100-day non-relapse mortality (NRM) was 3% (1/34) vs. 0% (0/335) in patients with or without cardiac AEs (p=0.09). Kaplan-Meier estimates of 3-year OS were 70% vs. 84% in patients with or without cardiac AE (p=0.084). Conclusions: HDM and auto-HCT was associated with cardiac AEs in 9% of patients. A fib and CHF were the most common cardiac AEs, but >80% fully recovered without long-term sequelae. Patients with cardiac AE were relatively older and had a prior history of cardiac disease. There was no significant difference in NRM or OS in patients with or without melphalan-associated cardiac AEs. =VGPR: includes Complete Remission (CR);, Very Good Partial Response and Partial Remission (VGPR), PR: Partial remission. RBBB (Right bundle branch block). Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The article presents a stylistic analysis of legal language by combining moral issues with the logical use of linguistic signs – text, sentences and words. Particular emphasis was placed on the prescriptive nature of the preamble and on the logical structure of a sentence in legal language. The article also reflects human reflection on the beauty of the text, which is based on observation of the world and results from the need to arrange it according to cherished values. In this systemic harmony of content and form, there is the moral aspect of creating legislative texts in order to ensure security and just rights for society, as well as their functional beauty. The article presents numerous examples of the relationship between the morality and beauty of legal language through the prism of the content of legal acts.


"Modern" statistics may generate more replicable characterizations of data, because at least in some respects the influences of more extreme and less representative scores are minimized. The present paper explains both trimmed and Winsorized statistics, and uses examples to concretely show the effects. Although the present paper focuses on illustrations involving Winsorized or trimmed means, these "modern" procedures can also be employed to yield improved estimates of other statistics, such as standard deviations or correlations.


PROGRAMME Friday, 5 December 2014 9:00 Welcome address Chair: Filip Grgić 9:10–10:40 Manfred Frank (Faculty of Humanities, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen), From 'Fichte's Original Insight' to a Moderate Defense of 'Self-Representionalism' 10:40–11:10 Coffee break Chair: Michael Schmitz 11:10–11:55 Marie-Élise Zovko (Institute of Philosophy, Zagreb), How do We Know about Nous? 11:55–12:40 Jure Zovko (Institute of Philosophy, Zagreb), Between the Myth of the Subjective and Myth of the Given 12:40–15:00 Lunch break Chair: Zoltán Kövecses 15:00–15:45 Luka Boršić (Institute of Philosophy, Zagreb), Ivana Skuhala Karasman (Institute of Philosophy, Zagreb), "The Mind Has No Sex" 15:45–16:30 Davor Pećnjak (Institute of Philosophy, Zagreb), Subjectivity, Objectivity and Aesthetic Properties 16:30–17:00 Coffee break


Summary.  Prediction and estimation based on Bayesian model selection and model averaging, and derived methods such as the Bayesian information criterion BIC, do not always converge at the fastest possible rate. We identify the catch‐up phenomenon as a novel explanation for the slow convergence of Bayesian methods, which inspires a modification of the Bayesian predictive distribution, called the switch distribution. When used as an adaptive estimator, the switch distribution does achieve optimal cumulative risk convergence rates in non‐parametric density estimation and Gaussian regression problems. We show that the minimax cumulative risk is obtained under very weak conditions and without knowledge of the underlying degree of smoothness. Unlike other adaptive model selection procedures such as the Akaike information criterion AIC and leave‐one‐out cross‐validation, BIC and Bayes factor model selection are typically statistically consistent. We show that this property is retained by the switch distribution, which thus solves the AIC–BIC dilemma for cumulative risk. The switch distribution has an efficient implementation. We compare its performance with AIC, BIC and Bayesian model selection and averaging on a regression problem with simulated data.


Notice on Reactivity of Silaethene Me2SiC(SiMe3)2: Regiospecifity of Diels-Alder Reactions with Isoprene and Piperylene

[4 + 2] Cycloaddition of isoprene or trans-piperylene with silaethene Me2Si = C(SiMe3)2 takes place with high regiospecifity under privileged formation of the "meta" isomer. Reaction with isoprene in addition leads to an ene product.


3D packaging of memories, downscaling of the memory chips populating these packages, make thermal issues more and more serious. The goal of this paper is to propose means to detect potential problems and to suggest how to include these mechanisms in the general framework of the design of such systems.


Relationship between the index with radiometric surface temperature and ratio of actual evapotranspiration (ET) to potential evaporation Ep (= non-dimensional evapotranspiration) was examined in the indoor and field experiment. Index corresponded to the change of ET/Ep. Also, index was related to the leaf water potential and volumetric soil water content within the root zone.


A large amount of wastewater is produced in the Lurgi coal-gasification process with the complex compounds carbon dioxide, ammonia, phenol, etc., which cause a serious environmental problem. Most of the known pretreatment techniques do not yield sufficient performance for phenol removal, which hampers the functions of the subsequent biochemical treatment process. In this paper, a novel stripper operated at elevated pressure is designed to improve the pretreatment process. In this technology, two noticeable improvements were established. First, the carbon dioxide and ammonia were removed simultaneously in a single striper where sour gas (mainly carbon dioxide) is removed from the tower top and the ammonia vapor is drawn from the side and recovered by partial condensation. Second, the ammonia is removed before the phenol recovery to reduce the pH value of the subsequent extraction units, so as the phenol removal performance of the extraction is greatly improved. To ensure the operational efficiency, some ke...


Drip irrigation is an important way to alleviate the global water shortage. However, the emitter-clogging issue of drip irrigation directly affects irrigation uniformity and operation efficiency, even disabling the whole system and reducing crop production. Currently, with the widespread use of saline water and large-scale utilization of fertigation, the issue with the chemical clogging of emitters has become more prominent. The poor uniformity of irrigation and fertilization distribution caused by emitter clogging results in salt damage and fertilizer loss due to the complex clogging mechanism. However, no extensive information on chemical clogging is available. Herein, we surveyed the latest research on chemical clogging caused by saline water irrigation and fertigation in drip irrigation systems and described the clogging mechanisms of the emitter by analyzing the key factors, clogging rules, and substances. We also present a framework of the control technologies for clogging based on physical, chemical, and biological methods. Finally, we present the current challenges of fertigation with saline water and technical trends of emitter clogging in the drip irrigation system. To conclude, the efficient integration of these three methods is critical to prevent and eliminate chemical clogging.


A B S T R A C T Folate transport in phenylhydrazine-induced rabbit reticulocytes was studied with the nonmetabolized folate-analog, methotrexate. The time-course of methotrexate uptake into a mixed population of reticulocytes and mature erythrocytes is a two-component process consisting of a small, but rapid, initial uptake phase followed by a much slower uptake component which remains essentially constant over the period of observation. The velocity of the latter uptake component is directly proportional to the per cent reticulocytes and appears to represent a unidirectional influx of metho


This brief rejoinder to Bishop's critique of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, and in particular the concept of psychoticism (P), emphasizes that when all the evidence now available is taken into account and when the theory is seen in its proper development, the criticisms advanced by Bishop will be seen not to be tenable. Some of her views are taken up in detail and are contradicted by empirical facts while others depend on misunderstandings. It is concluded that there is much evidence for the viability of the concept of psychoticism and for the validity of the questionnaire measurement of P.


The contribution deals with issues of taxation of truck traffic in the Czech Republic and European Union countries. The article discusses the current need for the introduction of environmental features aiming at the mitigation of harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere to the system of truck traffic taxation. Within the tax system, we focus on the road tax mechanism, defining only those circumstances that relate to environmental features of the determination of the tax base or tax reliefs dependent on the compliance with the applicable EURO emission standard. The article outlines systems of truck taxation in the European Union member states with focus on the determination of the tax base. The EURO emission standard, which is clearly identified and binding upon all the truck producers at present, has been introduced as the environmental factor related to pollutants emitted to the atmosphere, and it subsequently assumes the role of a "green" feature of the road taxes on trucks in those EU countries which introduced such environmentally friendly aspects. A special section describes systems of road tax with environmental aspects levied on trucks in Bulgaria, Hungary, the Netherlands, Germany, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Sweden. In conclusion, we mention the necessity of discussion over this topic in the conditions of the Czech Republic and the requirement to regulate the system of road taxes imposed on trucks, calling for reduction of harmful substances generated by traffic.


In this paper we present a hardware-oriented algorithm for constant matrix-vector product calculating, when the all elements of vector and matrix are complex numbers. The proposed algorithm versus the naive method of analogous calculations drastically reduces the number of multipliers required for FPGA implementation of complex-valued constant matrix-vector multiplication.If the fully parallel hardware implementation of naive (schoolbook) method for complex-valued matrix-vector multiplication requires 4MN multipliers, 2M N-inputs adders and 2MN two-input adders, the proposed algorithm requires only 3N(M+1)/2 multipliers and 3M(N+2)+1,5N+2 two-input adders and 3(M+1) N/2-input adders.


PURPOSE: A spacer and a clock spring apparatus for a vehicle including the spacer are provided to increase manufacturing costs and performance by reducing noise due to the rotation of a roller. CONSTITUTION: A clock spring apparatus for a vehicle including a space comprises a body(42), a tension rib(44) and a reversing guide(46). The tension rib is installed in the upper of the body with C shape in order that both end part have elastic restoring force. The tension rib is arranged along the peripheral direction of the body. The reversing guide is arranged on one place between the adjacent tension ribs. The symmetrically combined a pair of the C member is integrally combined in some part of the tension ribs. The curvature of the tension rib in the outer end is bigger than that in the inner end on the radial direction of the body.


The invention provides a network power supply control system, network power supply equipment, and a network power device thereof. A network power supply control system is applicable to a network power supply equipment (PSE) and a network power device (PD) connected through a network cable. A signal generator is disposed on the network PSE for generating and combining an operating signal with a power signal provided by the network PSE. A signal analyzer is disposed on the network PD for extracting the operating signal from the power signal received by the network PD and controlling a load circuit of the network PD according to the operating signal. Alternatively, the signal generator is disposed on the PD and sends a operating signal according to a state of the load circuit and combines the operating signal with a return power signal returned by the network PD, and the signal analyzer is disposed on the PSE for extracting the operating signal from the return power signal received by the network PSE.


Today, value is one of the most discussed and aspirational goals for those involved in the delivery of healthcare (1). However, value is not an easy concept to define and therefore lacks precision in its delivery. The simplest definition of value in healthcare is that given by Porter as the "health outcomes achieved per dollar spent" (2). The patient is the customer, and the goal is maximizing benefit while minimizing risk; however, this is a shared goal, since the benefit accrues from the actions of a wide range of individuals and organizations (the stakeholders in healthcare) (3). Different stakeholders have tended to embrace the concept of value in a range of outcome measures that reflect their own contribution to the patient outcome (4). Thus, we see value often expressed in terms of quality, clinical efficacy …


In this research an attempt has been made to examine the disbursement and utilization pattern of co- operative credit in Jaipur district of Rajasthan for agricultural year 2005-06. The study results revealed that the overall borrowed amount of co-operative credit amounted to Rs.17, 611. Of which, 51.50 per cent (Rs. 9,070) was disbursed in Kharif and 48.50 per cent (Rs. 8,541) was disbursed in Rabi season. In both the seasons, 63.96 per cent credit was advanced in cash and the remaining 36.04 per cent advanced in kind. Out of the total amount of borrowed credit, 61 per cent was utilized for stipulated purposes and the remaining 39 per cent was diverted to other purposes. In case of cash credit, only 41 per cent was utilized for stipulated purposes and 59 per cent was diverted to other purposes. Likewise, about 97 per cent kind credit was utilized for stipulated purposes and about three per cent was diverted to other purposes. The per cent utilization of co-operative cash credit was observed to be very high as compared to co-operative kind credit. The per cent diversion of kind credit was found to be highest (7.61 per cent) among the marginal farmer borrowers and the per cent diversion of cash credit was noted to be highest (77.71 per cent) among the medium farmer borrowers.


The varieties of antibacterial materials and antibacterial agents were introduced,and their application methods were aolso reviewed.One of the important research direction in antibacterial materials profession was the application of new antibacterial materials for food packaging.Better applicable perspective was envisioned in this paper.


Water is the origin of human culture. Rivers lying in a city influence its development. And along the riverside, there forms specific open space. Love River can be regarded as a living historical record of Kaohsiung, which is closely related to its development. Therefore, the river could be said as a historical symbol of Kaohsiung's development. Since the first beginning, there have lived large amounts of people along it. Thus, riverfronts formed in historical context show abundant diversity. The buildings of the riverfront represent various styles and features, and reflect the transition of the riverfront. The role of Love River in Kaohsiung's developing process is also interpreted. This research, which is about the spatial relationship in the urban riverfront, is based on methods of literature review and field observation, and sets up the theory structure by applying theories and cases of waterfront. Then, the transition course that attempts from Kaohsiung Love River, probe into urban riverfront from prosperity, decline to a recycled one with developing stage, correspondent to the phenomenon of the riverfront under the external factor and influence of the rivers function, and analyze the relation of space and water further. Studying the riverfront of Kaohsiung Love River changes under the transition of the urban river. In the case study of Kaohsiung Love River, the space has verified the relations between people and water. Changing the relations form altering space phenomena, and influence the appearances of the urban riverfront. As people ponder over urban rivers, face in way, there are brand-new appearances in aspects of site location, function, interface, surrounding environment, activity, and model of using water. By comparing the past riverfront to nowadays in the dimension of relations among people, water, and space, the change of relations can be verified.


In order to optimize the process parameters and shorten the experimental period, Ga1−xInxSb crystal growth with travelling heating method applied rotating magnetic field (RMF) was simulated. The results show that RMF changed the melt convection pattern, firstly, from a single natural convection cell to two forced convection cells coupled each other, which then became independent of each other, then each of which involved into a couple of sub-convective cells as the RMF field intensity increased. Secondly, RMF significantly increased the convection intensity, and the maximum flow velocity increased about 52 times at the initial stage of crystal growth, and about 16 times in the last stage. Thirdly, RMF decreased the axial temperature gradient in the melting zone by 10% above, and decreased the radial temperature gradient about 25% at the same time. And RMF reduced the deflection of crystal growth interface about 21%–23% during the crystal growth.


Many regions and countries worldwide are facing real food crises, that often results in an inadequate diet to basic physiological requirements of individuals and even their chronic malnutrition. In this context, the need to assess the nutritional status of populations worldwide is obvious, at a regional and national level, given the extremely negative consequences that poor diet and systematic malnutrition have on human health.[ Csosz I., 1997] The issue of food safety is very broad, complex and contradictory, and understanding its real dimensions requires systemic and systematic approach to economic phenomena and processes, in order to deeply understand the particular time and space we live in, the trends and contradictions that are found in the way the evolution of mankind, especially during the last decades.


The ThMn12‐type Fe78Mo10Sm12 magnet has been characterized by high‐resolution electron microscopy, x‐ray microanalysis, and microdiffraction. In general, the microstructure of the mechanically alloyed and annealed magnets consists of the tetragonal 1:12 matrix phase with an average matrix grain diameter of 200–300 nm and two rare‐earth oxide phases, the SmO and the Sm2O3 phases. Microdiffraction data clearly verify the fcc structure of the single and polycrystalline SmO grains, while the Sm2O3 phase was found to exist only in a single‐crystal hcp and monoclinic structure. In this material, no grain boundary phases at multigrain junctions were observed. The high defect concentration in the matrix grains seems to be responsible for the pinning of the domain walls and the good magnetic properties of the Fe78Mo10Sm12 magnets. However, it was not possible to resolve magnetic domains by Lorentz imaging methods.


Dynamical behavior of a kind of SEIR model of epidemic spreads with the bilinear rate,which has infective force in infected period,is studied.The system's asymptotic property is discussed by Lasalle invariant set principle.The threshold,Basic Reproductive Number,which determines whether the disease is extinct or not is gotten.Global asymptotically stabilities of the disease-free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium are proved.The influence of infectivity in latent period is exposed.


Subject
 Zimbabwe cash crisis.

 Significance
 New Finance Minister Mthuli Ncube implemented a 2% tax on money transfers and unveiled other proposed reforms in early October. Initial uncertainty surrounding the new measures led to panic-buying of supplies, cash shortages and a subsequent clampdown on public protests. Following modifications, the new measures have been endorsed by local industry, the IMF and the World Bank -- but public mistrust lingers.

 Impacts
 Foreign currency shortages may worsen as exporters face rising costs without a market-based foreign exchange rate for converting earnings.
 The Reserve Bank will struggle to gain the trust of the public, government and investors amid recent corruption scandals.
 Wasteful spending, corruption and public-sector wages (which account for 90% of budget spending) will persist as major deficit drivers.


4540 Background: Studies have demonstrated benefits of perioperative chemotherapy in locally advanced TCC. We reviewed chemotherapy treatment patterns in patients with stage III TCC of the bladder and upper urinary tract (UUT) between 1998-2003 to investigate the use of perioperative chemotherapy.

METHODS
The NCDB collects data on approximately 75% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases annually in the U.S. We queried for all treatments in male and female (≥18 years old) TCC cases diagnosed between 1998 and 2003. Cancer stage (1998-2002) was forward converted to AJCC 6th edition. A total of 223,050 bladder and 11,625 UUT TCC cases were found.

RESULTS
Treatment patterns were analyzed in 11,328 patients with stage III bladder TCC and 1,840 patients with stage III UUT TCC, representing 5.0% and 15.8% of all cases, respectively (Table). Satisfactory follow-up was available for approximately 51% of patients. 5.4% (bladder) and 3.5% (UUT) of patients received pre-operative or adjuvant (within 4 mos of surgery) chemotherapy. No significant difference was seen comparing 1998 and 2003 perioperative chemotherapy use for bladder or UUT cancers.

CONCLUSIONS
No increase in perioperative chemotherapy use occurred over the 5-year period (1998-2003), suggesting chemotherapy is underutilized in the management of surgically resectable stage III TCC of the bladder or UUT. This may reflect a delay in implementing the results of randomized trials recently reported or a low incidence of referral by urologists for perioperative chemotherapy. Further follow-up will determine if this pattern changes over the next 5 years. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.


Abstract SYNOPSIS This article treats of the subject of evaporation or transpiration from plants, of the factors which influence it, and of the conditions which must be met before water losses from plants can be approximately determined through instrumental evaporation. It is pointed out that the "evaporation stress" or tendency to evaporate, is produced by a different combination of factors in each body from which evaporation may occur. Because of the fact that the vaporizing process in leaves takes place on the surface of moist cell walls which are not directly exposed to the moving air, the theory would lead us to expect that the effect of wind would be greatly minimized in evaporation from leaves, the rate of diffusion of the vapor being almost completely controlled by vapor pressures in the leaf (inter-cellular) spaces. On the other hand, the leaf is admirably adapted fro absorbing the sun rays of all wave lengths; hence evaporation from leaves will be more directly controlled by the supply of radian...


Karl Marx's master plan, as originally laid down in the Communist Manifesto, saw the world, led by Europe, moving away from feudal particularism through bourgeois nationalism toward proletarian internationalism. The failure of the Revolution of 1848 meant a flaw in practice, not theory, and Marx saw no need to change the plan. He was waiting for the world to continue in its materially determined direction when events made possible the founding of the First International in 1864. Three years later he wrote Friedrich Engels: "In the next revolution, which is perhaps nearer than it seems, we (i.e., you and I), have this powerful machinery in our hands."


The causes of banking crises and business cycles are actually well known to economists, despite the lack of consensus on what to do about it (Schefczyk, 2016: 266). In the case of the 2007-2008 crisis, monetary expansion (justified to counteract the negative effects of the 9/11 and of the dot-com bubble on the real economy) and government incentives would have led to a housing bubble, funded by a largely unregulated market (including a shadow banking system) of mortgage-backed securities (MBS), secured by derivatives such as credit default swaps (CDS). High leverage and overly permissive regulation would have made the banking system vulnerable, and transaction complexity made it difficult for supervisors and regulators to assess the risks (MacMillan, 2014: 56). Finally, after Lehman Brothers collapsed in September 2008, the government had to provide liquidity to the system and so invested in institutions under risk of bankruptcy (the infamous bail-out) as the economy went into recession2.


We show that the recently formulated first-order stable hydrodynamics and the Israel-Stewart theory are strictly equivalent for boost-invariant systems with a conformal equation of state, however, with a non-conformal regulating sector determined by constant relaxation times.


This paper addresses the architectures used or proposed for use in the ground networks associated with multi-beam satellites designed to provide mobile satellite services (MSS). These systems are designed to provide service over wide geographic areas using new generations of satellites. These new satellites provide significant advances in technology including on-board processing and large antennas which offer increased transmit power and improved receive sensitivity. Specific topics include: the North American Mobile Satellite (MSAT) system ground network, and a large regional geosynchronous (GEO) satellite based system example.


In the current junior middle school,the prevalence phenomenon is that classical literature teaching is carried on by character,word,ignoring the overall sentiment reading.Based on the junior middle school classical teaching and the bilateral relations of teaching and learning,this article's discourses include cultivating sentiment by reading,improving capacity in the self-study,and the necessary guidance and coaching to stimulate interest,which aims to comprehensively solve poor,wasting,slow phenomena in the classical teaching in order to enhance the effectiveness and inherit traditional culture.


Horizontal deformation of foundation and uneven settlement are two major reasons caused the damages of buildings in mining area.In this paper based upon analysis of common damage forms of buildings corresponding prevention and treatment measures are proposed in order to provide references for building protection in mining area.


Tracheal agenesis is a very rare congenital abnormality and is dismissed in most discussions as being incompatible with survival. In view of the ever increasing use of endotracheal intubation in the resuscitation of the newborn, the anomaly is of interest to anaesthetists, who may unexpectedly encounter it in clinical practice. This paper reports two cases of tracheal agenesis. Before describing these the relevant embryology and anatomy of this very rare anomalyl, of which the authors could only find published references to 15 cases, will be discussed.


Abstract In order to solve the environmental problems caused by landfilling and incineration of Fenton sludge, realize the recycling of papermaking solid waste. In this paper, we explored the formation of a layer of calcium carbonate coating on the surface of Fenton sludge by crystallization coating in the Fenton sludge-[Ca(OH)2/H2O]-CO2 three-phase reaction system to improve the brightness of Fenton sludge and apply it to the filling of paper. The effects of particle size, temperature, stirring rate and calcium hydroxide addition on crystallization coating effect were studied. The advantages and disadvantages of the coating effect are mainly judged by the brightness and dustiness of the powder material. The research results show that when the particle size is 38–48 μm, the temperature is 25 °C, the stirring speed is 600 r/min, and the ratio of calcium hydroxide to Fenton sludge is 2:1, the brightness of the composite can be increased from 3.56 % ISO to 64.24 % ISO.


The procedure of risk management includes risk identification, risk analysis, and risk response. Among them, risk identification in said to be the most important step.
The purpose of this paper is to identify and classify the various risk factors associated with the work of the early construction phase. This paper established the Risk Breakdown Structure(RBS) by classifying the risks into the three main groups, Common risks, risks for Earth works, and risks for Foundation works. The common risks are identified and classified by considering various aspects of the early construction phase such as financial, political, constructional aspects, etc. The risks for Earth works and Foundation Works are identified in detail by surveying technical specifications, relevant claim cases and interviewing with experts. There risks are classified based on the Works Breakdown Structure(WBS) of the construction phase. The WBS presented in this paper classifies the works of the early construction phase into four categories; excavation, sheeting works, foundation works, footing works.


Ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid are abundant, biorenewable precursors for the synthesis of polyethylene ferulate (PEF) and polyethylene coumarate (PEC), as well as cognate copolymers with prescribed hydrogenation of the main-chain double bond. By controlling the comonomer feed ratios, copolymers with tunable thermal properties are obtained, including the thermal range occupied by polystyrene (PS).


This paper discusses the use of mutually EM transparent arrays mounted on EM transparent positioner arms. Three such arrays are mounted in a single radome and configured to independently track three separate signals. The three antennas are supported by pivots (azimuth) and dielectric yokes (elevation) so that all-sky coverage is possible without collisions. Frequency selective surface concepts are used in the design of the ground plane surface and the transmission lines to mitigate blockage effects.


Background and Objectives  Initial elevated and prolonged high carbon dioxide levels related to mitochondrial dysfunction are recently being suggested as a contributing factor to rapid pH decline in platelet (PLT) units. The use of different storage environments may influence this phenomenon. This study has two objectives (i) to investigate the relationship of mitochondrial function and apoptotic events with different storage environments capability of pH control and (ii) to examine the cause and relationship between pH decline in PLT units, carbon dioxide levels and mitochondrial function.


Background: In developing countries like Nepal, most of the births take place in the home, where high-risk care practices are common. This study is focused to find the efficacy of a community based intervention in newborn care practices and neonatal illness management in Morang district of Nepal. Methods: In Morang district of Nepal, intervention (base line & follow on) and non intervention (control) area were randomly selected. A community based program was launched in intervention area. The program mobilized the female community health volunteer (FCHV) to provide antenatal service (ANC), essential newborn care (ENC) and identify, assess and basic management of sick newborn. The survey included 624, 620 and 613 eligible married women of reproductive age (MWRA) in baseline (BSL), follow on (FON) and non intervention (NI) group respectively. During the survey, data regarding ANC services, clean and safe delivery, implementing ENC practices and managing ill babies were collected. The data, thus collected were analyzed using SPSS for windows. Results: The population characteristics of all the three groups; BSL, FON and NI were similar. The number of women receiving ANC service increased from 85.4% to 89% after intervention. The practice of home delivery was low in FON (64.8%) than BSL (69.6%) and NI (70.1%). In case of home delivery, presence of skilled and trained attendant increased to 60.6% with introduction of intervention program. The total illness rate in BSL, FON and NI groups were 41.2%, 38.2% & 29.7% respectively. The most commonly observed danger sign was respiratory problem 38.1%, 41.8% and 30.2% respectively in three groups. A significant improvement was seen in ENC practices of early breastfeeding, cord care, warming baby and delay in bathing practices in FON group (p<0.005). The fatality rate in FON group was low (3.2%) than BSL (14.1%) and NI (15.6%). Conclusion: Neonatal illness can be diagnosed and managed earlier if proper training is given to grass root level health worker. The intervention in Morang district showed the reduced neonatal fatality rate and this program can be extended in other rural areas of Nepal. (Life Science Journal. 2009; 6(4): 34 - 40) (ISSN: 1097 - 8135)


Many factors affect the development of regional economy. According to Tibetan economic development, the paper chooses four categories of indexes: gross value, the primary industry, the second industry,the third industry and applies gray-relation analysis to the economic development of Tibet Autonomous Region.We expect to find the cause of economic underdevelopment and provide the decision basis for decision-makers.


This lecture discuss Path Dependency. Students should be able to: Give a definition of path dependency; Understand path dependency as a notion of memory (internal to agent); Understand path dependency as a notion of history (external to agent, as an emergent system property); Understand state-space as a depiction of systems history.


S FROM THE TRANSACTIONS ON THE UTILIZATION OF "KAOLIANG" STALK. I. THE DIGESTION OF STALK BY SODA PROCESS AND THE EFFECT OF PRELIMINARY TREATMENT ON THE DIGESTION. By Ryuji Yamamoto. (Received Feb. 1, 1928) The "kaoliang" (Andropogon Sorghum Broth) is one of the staple produce in Man churia, and the annual production of its stalk is estimated to be about 14,400,000 tons. It has been considered that the "kaoliang" stalk is a material which is difficulty digestible and its pulp produced by soda process is bleached with great difficulty. In investigating on the digestion of stalk the author found that the preliminary treatment with hot water makes the subsequent stage of soda digestion as well as the bleaching of its pulp easily performed. The experimental results obtained are summarized as follows : (1) Although the size of fibres varied considerably with different parts of the stalk, the fibre of the whole stalk usually measured 0.726-2.235 mm in length and 0.009-0.014 mm in diameter at middle part. (2) The proximate constituents and chemical constants of the whole stalk gave the following figures : (3) The above figures Ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.76% Benzene soluble matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 19% varied, however, with different Alcohol soluble matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.26% parts of stalk, the leaf being Cold water soluble matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.88% rich in ash content and the Hot water soluble matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.44 0 1% NaOH soluble matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.57% node acid pith in soluble matter, Total cellulose (four chlorination after 1 % NaOH treatment,) 48.87% especially reducing substances. Lignin substances (by 72% sulphuric acid method), . . 20.12% (4) By the digestion with Methoxyl group, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.88% soda the rind Furfural yield .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.08% gave the best Acetic acid (by acid hydrolysis), . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.62% pulp and the leaf anti node the sh .76% enzene luble atter, . 9% lcohol luble atter, 0.26% old ater luble atter, .88% ot ater luble atter, .44%1 % aOH luble atter, 0.57%/ otal el ulose four lorination fter aOH eatment,) 8.87% ignin bstances y 2% lphuric cid ethod), . . 0.12% , . . varied, however, with different node and pith in soluble matter, especially reducing substances. (4) By the digestion with soda the rind gave the best lp d e af d de e


A series of experiments were designed to determine the origin of a nerve growth promoting protein found in high concentration in the tubular portions of the submandibular glands of adult male mice. This protein is necessary for the growth and development of immature sympathetic nerve cells. The quantities of this protein can be increased in the glands of female mice to levels found in the submandibular glands of adult male mice by injecting testosterone into preadolescent or adult female mice. When testosterone was given to young mice or to adult female mice together with an antiserum prepared against the nerve growth factor (NGF), the NGF content of the testosterone-treated mice increased in the same manner as in testosterone- and normal serum-treated mice. Although antiserum against the nerve growth protein could be demonstrated in the sera of mice during the course of the entire experiment, the antiserum had no effect on the content of NGF in the submandibular glands. After the intravenous injection of NGF in large quantities, it could not be localized in liver, spleen or submandibular gland cells of the mouse as determined by fluorescent antibody techniques. The results suggested that the nerve growth promoting protein found in high concentration in the submandibular glands of adult male mice and in testosterone-treated female mice is synthesized and stored in cells of the tubular portion of these glands.


Active networks are an approach in which the nodes of the network perform customized computations on the messages flowing through them. Peer-to-peer networks may be characterized by the capacity of the participants to share their own hardware resources (CPU, memory, bandwidth, printers). Combining the technologies of P2P and active networks, this paper presents an innovative concept, the use of a P2P system to enhance the service deployment in an active network


115 Background: To mitigate the risks of chemotherapy associated neutropenia, during the COVID-19 pandemic, all genitourinary (GU) cancer patients treated with chemotherapy at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (PMCC) were offered primary prophylaxis with GCSF. We hypothesize that this reduced rates of febrile neutropenia, hospitalizations, healthcare costs and improved overall outcomes, compared to GU cancer patients treated with chemotherapy without GCSF in the 2 years prior to the pandemic. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of GU cancer patients, receiving curative or palliative intent chemotherapy, with or without primary GCSF prophylaxis between January 2018 and June 2022. GCSF was given either as a single dose or as consecutive doses post chemotherapy. Main outcomes were incidence of febrile neutropenia, hospitalization, health care expenditures as well as disease specific outcomes. Results: Overall, 248 patients with prostate cancer (44%), urothelial cancers (33%) germ cell (21%), and rare GU cancers (4%) were identified. Median age was 70 (range 19-91), 92% were male, 65% were ECOG 0/1. Treatment intent was neoadjuvant (13%), adjuvant (20%), or palliative (67%). Main regimens used were docetaxel, cabazitaxel, carboplatin, cisplatin/etoposide, gemcitabine/cisplatin and BEP. Median follow-up was 10.5 months (0.23-52.3 months). A total of 206/248 received primary GCSF prophylaxis. During chemotherapy, the median white blood cell levels were higher in the GCSF group compared to the non-GCSF group (14.1*10*9/L vs 2.90*10*9/L, p<0.0001); and neutropenia rates were markedly lower (2% vs. 93%, P=<0.0001). Hospital admission rates were significantly lower in G-CSF users compared to non-users (19% vs. 69%, P<0.0001). Symptomatic disease progression 13% was the leading cause of admission in the G-CSF group. Infectious causes such as UTI, pneumonia, COVID-19, and sepsis were seen in only 12% of the G-CSF group compared to 31% in the non-users. G-CSF was generally well tolerated with just 0.97% discontinuing G-CSF. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, primary prophylactic G-CSF use in GU cancer patients, undergoing chemotherapy significantly lowered rates of both febrile neutropenia and hospitalizations and could be a cost-effective strategy in this patient population that warrants further study.


Alfonso Cuaron's "Gravity" tries to depict the dangers of spaceflight realistically. But the fantasies of science-fiction cinema and the realities of mankind's ventures beyond the atmosphere have been too far apart


Objective: To analyze routine clinical management of atypical melanocytic lesions through monitoring or surgery in Italian hospitals. Methods: A nationwide survey of clinical practices was conducted. Results: Digital monitoring is performed in most Italian hospitals and is preferred over excision for single atypical melanocytic lesions in 82% of hospitals. For multiple atypical lesions, 60% of high-volume hospitals prefer digital monitoring to surgical excision (40%). There is a statistically significant difference between high- and low-volume hospitals (60 vs. 39%; p = 0.003). Digital monitoring is performed at mean intervals of 4/5 months for both types of lesions. Conclusions: We show an asymmetric relation between application of the method and practical impact based on available clinical evidence. Although digital monitoring provides better characterization of the evolution of melanocytic lesions, our results indicate that the advantages and limitations of this method require further investigation.


Abstract Due to cost and time consideration, it is difficult to observe all of the product's lifetime within a reasonable time period. Hence, censored lifetime data is usually collected in real applications. Even when accelerated life tests (ALT) are used, censoring is usually inevitable. Especially for highly reliable products nowadays, the censoring proportions are more likely greater than 0.5. Such data is called highly censored data. In such cases, it is not easy to obtain a precise estimation of reliability information that is of interest, even though the maximum likelihood (ML) method is utilized. With respect to the scenario that highly censored data occurs due to time restriction (i.e., cost is not of main concern), a remedy could be to put a great number of devices into testing. This is sometimes called quantity acceleration. The main purpose of the paper is to address this issue. For the whole censored data (including failure times and the running times of unfailed items), traditional methods (including the ML method) have been used to estimate the reliability information of interest. This paper provides an alternative approach based on the observed lifetime data. Specifically, with respect to a type II highly censored data from a Weibull distribution, we treat the failure data as the smallest extreme distribution and then model that extreme using the Peaks-over-Threshold (POT) model to estimate the lifetime quantile of interest. A comparison with the ML method is made to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Hypothermia is one cause of mortality and morbidity in newborn. This is caused by the fact that the babys body surface area is larger than an adults body surface and the rate of heat loss even faster. One handling of heat loss (hypothermia) is by early breastfeeding initiation (IMD). IMD gives opportunity for baby to suckle his mother early in life. One of the benefits of IMD is to prevent heat loss (hypothermia). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of early breastfeeding initiation against newborn body temperature at BPS Hj. Yayah Surlan Kuningan Sub-District and BPS Yetti Sudiati Cilimus Sub-District Kuningan Regency in 2011. This study used a pure experiment research design to conduct a simple experiment (Post-test Only Control Group Design). Its population was newborns at BPS Hj. Yayah Surlan and BPS Hj. Yetti Sudiati. The number of samples as many as 47 of each group. Which 47 infants in the intervention group and 47 infants in the control group. This study used a simple random sampling with the criteria that the labor is a normal birth without complications.This study used the same homogeneity of variance test. Because the ρ value wasobtained through the Levene test for 0.120> α. The average temperature of infants in the intervention group was 36.7° C, while the average temperature of infants in the control group was 36.47°C. The results of statistical tests of the effect of early breastfeeding initiation on the incidence of hypothermia after the intervention obtained the value of Pvalue = 0.0001 (<0.05). It can be concluded that there was a statistically significant difference in the average temperature of newborns who did not experience IMD, and in other words there was an influence on the newborn temperature. It is therefore expected for the midwives to provide care to newborn in the form of early breastfeeding initiation to prevent heat loss (hypothermia) in newborns. Keywords: Early Breastfeeding Initiation, Newborn Body Temperature, hypothermia


Environmental changes which have been taking place in the last 15 years are leading small business to rethink how they face the new market challenges. Many scholars affirm that Entrepreneurial Marketing Orientation (EMO) could be considered as a valuable answer to the crisis given that it matches innovation (EO) and market understanding (MO). Many scholars have conceptualized EMO but few empirical researches have paid attention to structural characteristics and relative market performances featuring these respect to other firms. Therefore, the paper analyzes the firms' characteristics distinguishing firms steered to EMO through a questionnaire submitted 545 Italian small businesses. The results show existence of some structural variables of the firms oriented to EMO which have significant differences respect to other firms' orientation. Moreover, these firms have significant difference even in market performances.


This article tracks the transmission history of British newspapers from their nineteenth-century printing and library accession through microfilming and eventual digitization. It argues that scholarly use of digitized historical resources has overlooked a largely hidden history of how Victorian data gets to now. Studying Victorian periodicals against the longue durée of their mediation not only encompasses technological processes but also the discursive contexts in which those practices took shape, including twentieth-century political economies of global conflict, the intelligence community's alliances with scholarly associations and research libraries, gendered and outsourced labor, and commercial techno-futurism. I follow the lead of several scholars in media studies and critical bibliography to outline—and then pursue—a method for investigating these material histories, an "archaeology" that enables us to better grasp the historiography of our research objects, which have arrived, for the moment, as digital. Such an approach is crucial not only for understanding the mediated conditions of scholarly materials but also for facilitating informed critique of the how they are created, sold, accessed, and used by casual users as well as scholars interested in computational techniques.


Recently,more and more researchers realize that it is hard to satisfy the users' needs of the data-driven unsupervised learning methods in text data analysis.Fortunately,the appearance of domain knowledge provides a bright future for this problem.Domain knowledge,at present,is usually represented as ontology hierarchy(built artificially) or encyclopedia(e.g.,online Wikipedia).In this paper,we describe how the domain knowledge is used in processing text mining,review the related work,and point out the challenges in this research direction.


Objective To evaluate the value of FDG PET in differentiation of brain malignant tumour recurrence from radiation necrosis. Methods PET scan was performed on 32 patients (18 gliomas and 14 brain metastatic tumors) with clinically suspected of brain tumor recurrence after radiotherapy 6 to 23 months. The final diagnosis was confirmed by histopathological finding in 18 cases and CT, MR imaging and clinical follow-up in 14 cases. Visual analysis was used in PET image interpretation and FDG uptakes in tumors were graded into three levels: level Ⅱ and Level Ⅲ were considered as the evidence of tumor recurrence and Level I as radiation necrosis. Results Twenty-one recurrent foci and 11 radiation necroses were shown in PET images. In 21 recurrent cases, 20 were true positive, while in 11 necrotic cases, 6 were true negative. The sensitivity and specificity of PET for detecting tumor recurrence were 80% and 86%, respectively. Conclusion FDG PET is a powerful tool in differentiating brain tumor recurrence from radiation necrosis after radiotherapy.


The Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows(VRPTW)is addressed in this paper.A mathematical model is built and a discrete differential evolution hybrid algorithm for VRPTW is designed.In the algorithm,the population is initialized by a random vehicle loading method,and improved by new discrete mutation and crossover operators.Moreover,the tabu search is introduced to enhance the local searching capability of the algorithm,in which insertion and 2-Opt feasible neighborhoods are used to search feasible solutions.Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach for the VRPTW.


We present PEAT: the Portable Executable Analysis Toolkit. It is a software prototype designed to provide a selection of tools that an analyst may use in order to examine structural aspects of a Windows Portable Executable (PE) file, with the goal of determining whether malicious code has been inserted into an application after compilation. These tools rely on structural features of executables that are likely to indicate the presence of inserted malicious code. The underlying premise is that typical application programs are compiled into one binary, homogeneous from beginning to end with respect to certain structural features; any disruption of this homogeneity is a strong indicator that the binary has been tampered with. For example, it could now harbor a virus or a Trojan horse program. We present our investigation into structural feature analysis, the development of these ideas into the PEAT prototype, and results that illustrate PEAT's practical effectiveness.


..................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ................................................................................................ 8 Study Site .................................................................................................... 9 Methods .................................................................................................... 10 Site Instrumentation ......................................................................... ] 0 Sampling and Analyses ................................................................... 11 Results ...................................................................................................... 13 Bulk Soil Conductivity .................................................................... 13 Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) .............................................. 14 Distribution of Water Quality Parameters ....................................... 14


The amelogenin protein is considered as the major molecular marker of developing ectodermal enamel. Recent data suggest other roles for amelogenin beyond structural regulation of enamel mineral crystal growth. Here we describe our novel discovery of amelogenin expression in long bone cells, in cartilage cells, in cells of the epiphyseal growth plate, and in bone marrow stromal cells. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Objective To develop a method for the determination of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid in different batches of Fructus ligustric lucidi.Methods A RP-HPLC method was developed for the determination of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid by using Kromasil RP-C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm× 5 μm) column,a mixture of 0.5% trifluoro-acetic acidAcetonitrile (10∶90) as mobile phase at the flow rate of 0.8 ml /min and detective wavelengths of 210 nm.Results The content of oleanolic acid was ranged from 6.39 to 13.40 mg /g,and ursolic acid was ranged from 1.68 to 3.77 mg /g among the 10 patches of tested samples. Conclusion The established method is simple,stable and repeatable,and can be applied for the quality control of the crude Fructus ligustric lucidi and compound prescriptions contained it.


The utility model relates to a switching valve and a heating system. The switching valve comprises a valve body, a liquid feeding port, a cool liquid outlet and a hot liquid outlet. The switching valve is characterized by further comprising a liquid feeding chamber, a cool liquid chamber, a hot liquid chamber and a cool-hot switching device. A first through hole is arranged between the liquid feeding chamber and the cool liquid chamber, a second through hole is arranged between the liquid feeding chamber and the hot liquid chamber, and the cool-hot switching device can plug the first through hole or the second through hole according to the temperature of a liquid; and the switching valve is used in the heating system. The switching valve and the heating system provided by the utility model control the cool-hot switching of the valve by utilizing the special shape of a memory alloy spring at a certain temperature, and can achieve the technical effects of saving energy, reducing cost of construction, simplifying operations and reducing the cost of maintenance and repair.