The spectroscopic technique of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently provided a new window into transport of solvents in polymer networks. Diffusion of solvent as a rate-controlling phenomenon is paramount to understanding transport in many important industrial and biological processes, such as upgrading fossil fuels, film casting and coating, development of photoresists, design of drug-delivery systems, development of solvent resistant polymers, etc. By MRI mapping the migration of solvent molecules through various polymer specimens, researchers Robert Botto and George Cody of Argonne National Laboratory, with support from the Division of Chemical Sciences at DOE, were able to characterize and distinguish between different modes of transport behavior associated with fundamentally different types of polymer systems. The method was applied to rubbers, glassy polymers, and coals. In polymers shown to undergo a glass transition from a rigid to rubbery state, a sharply defined solvent front was observed that propagated through specimens in the manner of a constant velocity shock wave. This behavior was contrasted with a smooth solvent concentration gradient found in polymer systems where no glass transition was observed. The results of this analysis have formed the basis of a new model of anomalous transport in polymeric solids and are helpingmore » to ascertain fundamental information on the molecular architectures of these materials.« less


The objective of this study was to carry out a sensitivity analysis of the NICOLET B3 dynamic model of lettuce growth. Data collected from a lettuce growth experiment in a greenhouse in Chapingo, Mexico, were used. The model input variables were temperature, CO2 and photosynthetic active radiation sampled every 15 min. Also used were non-correlated independent data (white noise) for the input variables. The sensitivity analysis of the NICOLET B3 model showed that three parameters, maintenance respiration coefficient, radiation extinction coefficient through the canopy, and uninhibited growth rate coefficient of the closed canopy, have a major effect on the model's performance since the state variables, carbon content in vacuoles and carbon content in the structure, had the sensitivity function with the highest values. Similar performance was observed for the model output variable dry weight.


Abstract : A method is discussed for calibrating infrasonic hydrophones by way of varying hydrostatic pressure in a liquid. It differs by the fact that for the purpose of increasing accuracy and widening the range of measurements on the side of high frequencies, the hydrophone is rigidly fixed in the cavity of an air-water resonator, in the neck of which vertical oscillations of the medium are generated. From the amplitude of oscillations of the free liquid surface, sensitivity of hydrophones is determined as the ratio of output stress to the sonic pressure acting at the hydrophone input.


Construction counterclaim management is an important item of engineering project contract management. To contractor part, it means to predict and find counterclaim opportunity and present counter- claim demand. To manage to get reasonable reparation and compensation or prolong construction period is one of three backbones. On the basis of the experience from construction counterclaim management of international engineering, this paper introduces the counterclaim management of engineering project with respect to the counter- claim reasons, organization, working procedure, criterion, counterclaim value calculation method, and so on.


Take coal tar oil as raw material,the MJ coplex reagent was obtained.Wangtao fat coal was used as research object of MJ complex reagent.Through analyzing we draw a conclusion that the level of floatation using Mjcomplex reagent was better.Comparing test results in MJ complex reagent condition and in kerosene oil condition,it was proved that the difference of ash and yeid was small,but the quantity of MJ complex reagent was lower than that of kerosene oil.


Excerpt only. For full access, check out the book through the USF St. Petersburg Library (BF721.S5737 2011), request it on interlibrary loan, or order it through a book dealer.


Soil pH,organic matter,the effective N,P,K and total N,total P and total K of nine Adinandra millettii cultivation bases soil in the Lin'an City were analyzd.By using FUZZY Integrated evaluation,soil fertility quality of the comprehensive evaluation of numerical was estimated.The results showed that the soil fertility was best as grade Ⅰ level in Baiguo,Yanjiashan,Tanglou,Pucun and Daluo village.The soil fertility was grade Ⅱ level in Taiyang,Quankou and Langjia while the grade Ⅲ in Qing Liang feng town.According to the results some suggestions about the production practice were proposed.


Discourse markers are mostly used for the production of coherent conversation and, especially, to make clear the speaker's intentions and show what the speaker intends to do with words. In general, there is no one-to-one correspondence between two languages in the field of discourse markers: most of the time their correlates in the target language have not the same pragmatic meaning, constituting a usual pitfall in translation. In the domain of audiovisual translating these particles are often omitted for the sake of brevity or for the meaningful and stroking presence of the parallel image. In this article we will examine the translation from English into Spanish of the particles now, oh, you know, (you) see, look, and I mean, which appear in the cult movie Pulp Fiction and examine how their omission in the translation affects the balance between interpersonal meaning and semantic meaning.


The primary amino acid content of 54 Greek red wines from several regions and grape varieties was determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using precolumn derivatization with OPA ( o -phthalaldehyde) and fluorescence detection. For each wine sample, 21 amino acids have been determined. Wine samples from the 4 most common Greek red grape cultivars, which are part of the Greek VQPRD (Vins de Qualite Produits dans des Regions Delimitees) wines, and from 4 foreign red grape varieties, were used. Wines from cv. Kotsifali had the highest amino acid content among the samples from indigenous varieties, followed by those originating from cvs Agiorgitiko, Mandilaria and Xinomavro. In contrast to wines from cv. Grenache rouge, which contained high amounts of amino acids, those from Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah and Merlot had lower amounts. A classification of samples on the basis of variety and region was achieved by application of the discriminant analysis of the amino acid composition data. 22 % of the wine samples, originating from grapes cultivated in 'organic vineyards', had a low arginine content.


Objective To investigate the early influences of laser photocoagulation on macular retinal thickness in diabetic retinopathy(DR). Methods Optic coherence tomography examination was performed in 30 eyes with DR(phase Ⅲ~Ⅳ) before, and on the 3rd day and the 7th day after photocoagulation respectively. The thickness of neuroretina and pigment epithelium were measured in the areas of fovea macula and 750 μm from fovea macula. Results Three days after photocoagulation, significant thickening of neuroretina was observed in the fovea macula, which is positively related with age, fasting blood sugar and duration of DR. There was no significant changes in the thickness of pigment epithelium in macula and in the thickness of neuroretina 750 μm from fovea macula. Conclusion Significant thickening of neuroretina in fovea macula in DR early after photocoagulation reveals progressed macular edema induced by photocoagulation which is positively related with age, fasting blood sugar and duration of DR.


The article aims to research the informational potential of the lists of commissioners published in the district newspapers of Kyivan and Chernihiv regions as a source on the personal composition of these commissioners. The research methodology includes the combination of number of historical methods: comparative, source studies, contextual analyses, structural and functional analyses. The scientific novelty. The article is a pioneer research of the above-mentioned problem. In local media it was found the lists of commissioners and investigated the informational potential of them as well as another newspapers materials under the prism of analysis of the personal composition of commissioners Conclusions. The lists of commissioners appointed by district authorities, institutions, and village councils didn`t aimed to publish. It was found lists of appointed by District Committee of Communist party and village councils from 11 districts of Kyivan and Chernihiv regions. These commissioners were directed to the realizing of some political-economical campaign. In overwhelming majority cases the reconstruction of the persons of personal composition of commissioners needs to add the another newspapers' materials. The lists do not contain the information regarding the name and current position of the commissioners. It narrow the research opportunities. However the mentions of commissioners in the newspaper articles and in the published authority resolutions sometimes compensate these lacunas. The authority strategy aimed to concentrate in each village many commissioners appointed by different institutions as a guarantee of the realization of their resolutions related to the grain procurement and other plans.


Every year during open-water season in 2007–2014, up to 40 passive acoustic recorders with directional capability (DASARs) were deployed in the Beaufort Sea, as part of Shell's Marine Mammal Monitoring and Mitigation Program. The overarching goal of these deployments was to collect information on the effects of industrial operations, such as seismic exploration and drilling activities, on the behavior of bowhead whales during their fall migration. Recorders were placed on the continental shelf at depths of <55 m, offshore of the North Slope of Alaska, between Barter Island and Harrison Bay. Over the eight-year period, more than 3.1 million bowhead calls were localized. Concurrently, various types of industrial sounds were detected and quantified, such as airgun pulses or the tones produced by machinery. Analyses were then performed by matching—for each recorder—the number of calls localized with the amount of industrial sound detected. These analyses have shown that changes in calling behavior happen at l...


This paper presents the performance of controllers in automatic generation control of a power system containing wind units along with conventional units. The two area system has been simulated with Proportional Integral (PI) and Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and system performance has been analyzed and compared in terms of frequency response, Area Control Error (ACE) and response of wind units following a disturbance. A perturbation of 2 percent has been used to study the response of the system. It has been observed that wind units respond instantly to the disturbance and help the conventional units to take up the load change which are slightly slow in their response. The performance of fuzzy controller has been found superior to PI controller in frequency regulation which may be due to its better ability to manage the variability of the system under investigation.


We present initial results from our JWST NIRSpec program to study the $\alpha$-abundances in the M31 disk. The Milky Way has two chemically-defined disks, the low-$\alpha$ and high-$\alpha$ disks, which are closely related to the thin and thick disks, respectively. The origin of the two populations and the $\alpha$-bimodality between them is not entirely clear, although there are now several models that can reproduce the observed features. To help constrain the models and discern the origin, we have undertaken a study of the chemical abundances of the M31 disk using JWST NIRSpec, in order to determine whether stars in M31's disk also show an $\alpha$-abundance bimodality. Approximately 100 stars were observed in our single NIRSpec field at a projected distance of 18 kpc from the M31 center. The 1-D extracted spectra have an average signal-to-noise ratio of 85 leading to statistical metallicity precision of 0.016 dex, $\alpha$-abundance precision of 0.012 dex, and a radial velocity precision 8 km/s. The initial results indicate that, in contrast to the Milky Way, there is no $\alpha$-bimodality in the M31 disk, and no low-$\alpha$ sequence. The entire stellar population falls along a single chemical sequence very similar to the MW's high-alpha component which had a high star formation rate. While this is somewhat unexpected, the result is not that surprising based on other studies that found the M31 disk has a larger velocity dispersion than the MW and is dominated by a thick component. M31 has had a more active accretion and merger history than the MW which might explain the chemical differences.


In May 2007, a number of governors completed their eight-year term of office. Having lost the immunity conferred on them by Section 308 of the Constitution, the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) invited them for investigation on the basis of several petitions alleging diversion of public funds running to billions of naira. Some reported for interrogation while others sought interlocutory and perpetual injunctions restraining the EFCC from arresting, investigating or prosecuting them in any manner whatsoever and howsoever. Among those who were charged to court only two have been convicted and given light sentences. The majority of the defendants have continued to manipulate the criminal justice system to frustrate their trial. To the eternal shame of the country one of the ex-governors who got a clean bill of health by a Nigerian court was later convicted and jailed by a British court. Out of the two, who jumped bail in the United Kingdom, one is now a Senator of the Republic. Not unexpectedly, the Nigerian people have justifiably blamed lawyers and judges for frustrating the anti-graft agencies from successfully prosecuting politically exposed persons and other members of the ruling class accused of corrupt practices and money laundering. In this presentation we shall examine how the neo-colonial legal system is regularly exploited by senior lawyers in favour of rich and powerful criminal suspects to the detriment of accountability and transparency in the society. And the questions remain: Is there a way out of the woods? Can this trend change as Nigeria approaches 2015 Elections? What are the implications of this trend? Even the judiciary has not helped matters together with the agencies saddled with the responsibility of checkmating corruption and prosecuting corrupt individuals. These issues pose great dangers for 2015 Elections. This is because many among them are going to stand or sponsor cronies for 2015 Elections in order to protect their loots and still remain relevant in political matters in post 2015 Nigeria. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n27p207


This paper proposes a novel vertical format-based frequent pattern mining algorithm HBMFP. HBMFP adopts a hybrid search strategy of prefix-depth-first and depth-first searches based on the correlative array, which adequately makes use of the advantages of the both searches to effectively reduce yielded candidates as the same time keeps simplicity and lower memory cost. HBMFP uses bitmaps to store the tidsets of itemsets and adopts bitmap projection to compress bitmaps so as to save the time spent in intersecting bitmaps. HBMFP can output the mining results in the sets of itemsets or in tree structure called frequent pattern tree, the later not only takes up less storage space, but also facilitates implementing efficient pattern matching and the visualization of the mining results. Analyses and experiments show that HBMFP has higher mining efficiency, less memory cost, good scalability and operability. Moreover, it can be used in parallel mining.


The purpose of the present study is to compare Turks and Kurds in the context of ethnic identification, perceived individual ethnic discrimination against Kurds and perceived group discrimination against Kurds. The sample composed of 224 Turkish and 240 Kurdish participants were asked to answer Importance of Collective Identity Scale and perceived Discrimination Scale. Results were discussed within the framework of Social Identity Theory. According to results, Turkish and Kurdish ethnic groups differed in the context of ethnic identification and perceived discrimination subscales. Comparing to Turkish participants, Kurdish participants show a higher level of ethnic identification, perceived individual ethnic discrimination and perceived group discrimination against Kurds. Ethnic identification level predicted Turkish participants' perceived individual ethnic discrimination against Kurds and perceived group discrimanation against Kurds in the negative direction. Despite that, ethnic identification level predicted in the positive direction for Kurdish participants. Additionally, being affected by conflict in East and Southeast Anatolia significantly predicted perceived individual ethnic discrimation and perceived group discrimation against Kurds in the positive direction for Kurdish participants.


Contents Preface Introduction 1. Future developments in allergy prevention: a matter of integrating medical, natural and social sciences Luud J.W.J. Gilissen, Harry J. Wichers, Huub F.J. Savelkoul and George Beers (The Netherlands) The medical and molecular context 2. Induction and regulation of allergen-specific IgE Prescilla V. Jeurink and Huub F.J. Savelkoul (The Netherlands) 3. Preventive vaccination against allergy: maternal allergen immunization protects offspring Ingrid Melkild, Berit Granum and Martinus Lovik (Norway) 4. Controlling processing in complex food systems: a potential route to food-allergy prevention E.N. Clare Mills, Neil M. Rigby, Ana I. Sancho, F. Javier Moreno and John A. Jenkins (UK) 5. Plant protein families as a basis for predicting the allergenicity of food proteins Peter R. Shewry, John Jenkins, Frederic Beaudoin and E.N. Clare Mills (UK) 6. Can cross-reactivity studies enable generic allergy prevention? Rosa Sanchez-Monge and Gabriel Salcedo (Spain) The food production chain and novel foods 7. The food production chain and novel foods: introduction Harry J. Wichers (The Netherlands) 8. Novel foods and novel processing techniques as threats and challenges to a hypersensitive world Hans Steinhart (Germany) 9. Tracking and tracing for allergen-free food production chains R.E. Poms and E. Anklam (Belgium) 10. Prediction of the potential allergenicity of novel proteins Gijs A. Kleter and Ad A.C.M. Peijnenburg (The Netherlands) 11. Production of hypoallergenic plant foods by selection, breeding and genetic modification Luud J.W.J. Gilissen, Suzanne T.H.P. Bolhaar, Andre C. Knulst, Laurian Zuidmeer, Ronald van Ree, Z.S. Gao and W. Eric van deWeg (The Netherlands) 12. In silico prediction of potential allergenicity of proteins according to the FAO/WHO guidelines with the help of Allermatch(TM) Mark W.E.J. Fiers, Gijs A. Kleter, Ad A.C.M. Peijnenburg, Herman Nijland, Jan Peter Nap and Roeland C.H.J. van Ham (The Netherlands) The living and occupational environment 13. Low-pollen-allergen ryegrasses: towards a continent free of hay fever? G. Spangenberg, N. Petrovska, G.A. Kearney and K.F. Smith (Australia) 14. Strategies for prevention and mitigation of hay fever M.F. Schenk, A.J.H. van Vliet, M.J.M. Smulders and L.J.W.J. Gilissen (The Netherlands) 15. Prevention of occupational allergies H. de Groot, G.C.M. Groenewoud, A.M.H. Bijl, N.W. de Jong, A. Burdorf, A.W. van Toorenenbergen, T. Blacquiere, C.C. Smeekens and R. Gerth van Wijk (The Netherlands) People and society 16. Allergy between the ears? Richard Shepherd (UK) 17. Economic impact of allergy prevention Miranda Mugford (UK) 18. Communication needs and food allergy: an analysis of stakeholder views Susan Miles (UK), Rene Crevel (UK), George Chryssochoidis (Greece), Lynn Frewer (The Netherlands), Kate Grimshaw (UK), Alicia Guidonet Riera (Spain), Hazel Gowland (UK), Rebecca Knibb (UK), Priska Koch (Switzerland), Charlotte Madson (Denmark), Clare Mills (UK), Susanna Palkonen (Finland), Sylvia Pfaff (Germany), Romana Roccaldo (Italy), Joachim Scholderer (Denmark), Oydis Ueland (Norway), Erkka Valovirta (Belgium) and Wim Verbeke (Belgium) 19. Allergy prevention: consumer perspectives David Reading (UK) 20. The patient's voice in allergy prevention Erkka Valovirta (Belgium)


Rasoushadhis(Mineral and metallic drugs) plays an important role in Ayurvedic therapeutics because of their unique qualities such as quick action, minimum dose and tastelessness. Rasayana(Rejuvenation) and Yogavahi (Catalytic activity) are characteristics of a properly made herbo-mineral preparation, which is also nontoxic, readily absorbable, adaptable and assimilable in the body. Bhasmas are unique Ayurvedic metallic/mineral preparation, treated with herbal juice or decoction to form organometallic complexes, and are widely recommended for treatment of a variety of chronic ailments. The incinerated iron preparations of Ayurveda are known as Lauha Bhasma(Incenerated iron). In Samhitha period Ayas(Iron) was used in the form of fine powder. Kanta Lauhais considered as best variety among Lauhas for Lauha Bhasma compared with Teekshna and MundaLauha.Kanta Lauha is chemically Fe3O4 (magnetite) as per API. Pure magnetite contains 72.4% of Iron, but since this metal never occurs alone, the metal content of real ores is lower. So, an attempt has been made in this article to gather all the possible information regarding KantaLauha explained in Rasashastra classical textbooks.


Polysilicon gate MUS capacitors were fabricated using Kaufmann-type ion milling apparatus in gate electrode delineation. The breakdown voltage of the MOS capacitors was degraded when the polysilicon sheet resistance at the start of ion milling was higher than 20 kΩ/□. The degradation was prevented when the polysilicon sheet resistance was lowered by annealing to less than 2 kΩ/□ before ion milling.


Using real-time transceivers with symbol rates up to 72 GBd, we investigate the impact of ROADM filtering on optimum symbol rate and fractional m-QAM modulation required to maximize channel capacity. Granularity below 5 GBd is shown to yield maximum margin for a given link passband.


The article introduces the implementation of a three-tier transfer pricing documentation model in Ukraine. This model is consistent with the approach to transfer pricing documentation developed by countries that are members of the OECD/G20. Such documentation is intended to ensure that taxpayers properly: take into account the transfer pricing rules; provide tax authorities with the information necessary to conduct a reasonable assessment of transfer pricing risks; provide tax authorities with information useful for reducing the number of disputes and simplifying the resolution of disputes between tax authorities and taxpayers in the field of transfer pricing. The article explores the issues of using a significantly updated and expanded structure of transfer pricing documentation in order to ensure the implementation in Ukraine of effective tax control over taxpayers' compliance with transfer pricing rules. Determined a list of domestic regulatory legal acts developed to ensure the implementation of a three-tier transfer pricing documentation model has been . The introduction of such a three-tier model is a step towards the formation of an integral system of control over the observance of the "arm's length" principle, which should take into account not only the observance of this principle by an individual taxpayer, but also should take into account the components of tax planning of an international group of companies if such participants belong to the group, as well as provide an objective assessment of the completeness of the formation of the object of taxation of the Ukrainian company in the context activities of the group as a whole. It is concluded that, given the transition to a three-tier model of transfer pricing documentation, both the content and the amount of information that will be used in the implementation of tax control over taxpayers' compliance with transfer pricing rules will increase.


The increasing demand for the realization of global-scale quantum communication services necessitates critical investigation for a practical quantum secure communication network that relies on full-time all-location coverage. In this direction, the non-terrestrial quantum key distribution is expected to play an important role in providing agility, maneuverability, relay link, on-demand network, and last-mile coverage. In this work, we have summarized the research and development that has happened until now in the domain of quantum communication using non-terrestrial platforms with a specific focus on the associated challenges and the relevant models. Further, to extend the analysis beyond the existing know-how, a hybrid model involving the features of Vasylyev et al. model and Liorni et al. model is introduced here. The hybrid model entails us adapting a spherical beam to an elliptic beam approximation and effectively capturing the characteristics of transmittance in densely humid weather conditions and at low altitudes. Further, to understand the potential impact of the weather conditions of a region on atmospheric attenuation, as an example the average monthly visibility of Pune city was analyzed for the years 2021 and 2022. In addition, a simulation of a generic model is performed using a software-defined network paradigm where quantum teleportation is simulated between distant parties using a swarm of drones in NetSquid.


An investigation of Tropical Cyclone (TC) Kelvin in February 2018 over northeast Australia was conducted to understand the mechanisms of the brown ocean effect (BOE) and to develop a comprehensive analysis framework for landfalling TCs in the process. NASA's Land Information System (LIS) coupled to the NASA Unified WRF (NU-WRF) system was employed as the numerical model framework for 12 land/soil moisture perturbation experiments. Impacts of soil moisture and surface enthalpy flux conditions on TC Kelvin were investigated by closely evaluating simulated track and intensity, midlevel atmospheric thermodynamic properties, vertical wind shear, total precipitable water (TPW), and surface moisture flux. The results suggest that there were recognized differentiations among the sensitivity simulations as a result of land surface (e.g., soil moisture and texture) conditions. However, the intensification of TC Kelvin over land was more strongly related to atmospheric moisture advection and the diurnal cycle of solar radiation (i.e., radiative cooling) than to overall soil moisture conditions or surface fluxes. The analysis framework employed here for TC Kelvin can serve as a foundation to specifically quantify the factors governing the BOE. It also demonstrates that the BOE is not a binary influence (i.e., all or nothing), but instead operates in a continuum from largely to minimally influential such that it could be utilized to help improve prediction of inland effects for all landfalling TCs.


Biological control and population regulation potential of Ascogregarina barretti (Vavra), a parasite of Aedes triseriatus (Say), was assessed using simulated tree holes in a laboratory experiment and discarded tires in a field experiment. In the laboratory experiment, emergence, development time, and size of male A. triseriatus were not affected by A. barretti infection when food was limited. However, severely infected female mosquitoes had prolonged development time and were smaller compared with noninfected females when larvae had to compete for food. In the field experiment, A. barretti infection did not affect emergence success, development time, or size of A. triseriatus males or females. We conclude that A. barretti has no potential as a control agent for A. triseriatus, but it may have a role in population regulation mediated through a lowering of female fecundity.


The inelastic scattering of gamma rays by the /sup 11/B nucleus is studied experimentally with a Ge(Li) detector, in order to investigate the wave function of highly excited states of a nucleus with an unfilled shell. The 1.02-MeV gamma line is observed for the first time in this reaction. It is suggested that states with isospin T/sub less-than/ and T/sub greater-than/ can both contribute to the photoneutron cross section.


AbstractMembrane distillation is a process combining thermal and membrane technology, which uses the vapor pressure difference as driving force because of the temperature difference. Of the MD configurations, VMD can achieve high flux due to the application of vacuum. This paper analyzes operating parameters (vacuum pressure, feed flow rate, and feed concentration) that affect permeate flux in a modified design VMD system vacuum multi-effect membrane distillation (V-MEMD). The study investigated the most suitable operating parameters that would enhance the performance of V-MEMD system at high salinity (1–4 M of NaCl) with a moderate bulk temperature of 60°C. The result of this study showed that vacuum pressure is the most influential factor of the selected, and the effect of temperature polarization is more dominant to permeate flux than concentration polarization. Above this, the high-salinity solution can be treated by V-MEMD system because it does not affect the permeate total dissolved solid and flux....


analyze of the population of non-valvular atrial fibrillation the 2nd phase of The data on clinical characteristics presented, of the population of atrial fibrillation patients, the second phase of prospective observational the of with the first time diagnosed atrial fibrillation. 14,4% — myocardial infarction in anamnesis. Nineteen and three percent of patients had diabetes, 56,4% — chronic heart failure, 8,7% had stroke in anamnesis. stroke risk assessment showed that the average score by CHA 2 Ds 2 -VAsc was 3,2 points, and 14,4% had the risk as 1 pt, 86,6% — two and more points. such profile of risk was comparable with the data from general population of Gloria Af, and close to those from Garfield registry. Antithrombotic therapy profile analysis points on an intensive implementation of the Novel Oral Anticoagulants into real clinical practice of the investigative centers participating in the Gloria Af. Conclusion. The results witness on comparable with the international data risk profile in russian federation population of Af patients included into the second phase of Gloria Af registry, as on an intensive implementation of the new class Novel Oral Anticoagulants into routine clinical practice of research centers participating in the registry.


A dual frequency circular microstrip patch antenna is designed with transmission line metamaterial based electromagnetic bandgap (MTM-EBG) structures in this article. The two frequencies of interest are chosen as 2.4 GHz and 5.75 GHz covering industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band applications. The MTM-EBG unit cell is designed with the combination of interdigital capacitance and rectangular apertures. Twelve MTM- EBG unit cells are placed together to form a periodiccircular EBG surface around a low profile small circular microstrip patch resonating at 5.75 GHz. The arrangement is placed in such a way that the overall effective radius of the patch can be manipulated to get the resonances at both the operational frequencies by utilizing the bandgap of the EBG cells.


ion has been an object of discussion across several disciplines. Particularly in philosophy and the philosophy of mathematics, it has been the central topic of intense inquiry as far back as the days of Plato and Aristotle. As Hershkowitz, Schwarz and Dreyfus (2001) put it, "not only did Plato and his followers see in abstraction a way to reach 'eternal truths', but modern philosophers such as Russell (1926) characterized abstraction as one of the highest human achievements" (p. 196). In this chapter, rather than providing a detailed review of research on abstraction in philosophy and other disciplines, I will focus on the notion of abstraction as used in mathematics and mathematics education. 2.1. Abstraction in Mathematics: Historical Roots Abstraction is often seen as the fundamental characteristic of mathematics. For Aristotle, "mathematical objects are the result of abstraction" (Lear, 1982, p.161). Similarly, for Davis and Hersh (1983), abstraction is "the life's blood of mathematics" (p. 113). But, what constitutes a mathematical object, and how do (or can) we know them? These have been the central questions in the philosophy of mathematics from time immemorial. Plato's answer for this question is the following: mathematical objects, like circles and triangles, are forms, which can be accessed only by intellect. What we experience through our senses is merely the imperfect reflection of these perfect forms. Hence, in Platonic view, "there are two separate realms accessible to human cognition: A transient, changing realm perceptible to the senses, and a timeless, eternal realm thation is often seen as the fundamental characteristic of mathematics. For Aristotle, "mathematical objects are the result of abstraction" (Lear, 1982, p.161). Similarly, for Davis and Hersh (1983), abstraction is "the life's blood of mathematics" (p. 113). But, what constitutes a mathematical object, and how do (or can) we know them? These have been the central questions in the philosophy of mathematics from time immemorial. Plato's answer for this question is the following: mathematical objects, like circles and triangles, are forms, which can be accessed only by intellect. What we experience through our senses is merely the imperfect reflection of these perfect forms. Hence, in Platonic view, "there are two separate realms accessible to human cognition: A transient, changing realm perceptible to the senses, and a timeless, eternal realm that is conceivable to the intellect"(Campbell, 2004, p. 12). In the theory of recollection, Plato maintained that before we are born, our soul has knowledge of the form, but somehow we forgot this knowledge during the traumatic experience of our own birth. Therefore, gaining knowledge means remembering the knowledge that we already


This paper discussed the current situation of industrial heritage exhibition from tourism experience,proposed five kinds of industrial heritage tourism presentation by E-T-P analysis and explained the different types of industrial heritage in different ways for the show needs.


the cell phone as a technology for global communication. Focusing on the nature of time and space . as they are articulated in the mechanism of the cellular phone, and the lived experience of those who use them, Worth draws attention to the way that the desire for communication, has, with the cell phone, turned into a need to communicate at the limits allowed by this expanding technology. Finally, Catherine Summerhayes takes a hermeneutic approach to the understanding of film. By examining Gildamer's concept of "transformative play", Bateson's idea of playas experimental behavior and Turner's understanding of liminaIity, Summerhayes uses a film by Tracey Moffat an Australian Aboriginal filmmaker to demonstrate the way in which film can transform the lived experience of those who are drawn into a relationship with the world of filmic narratives. Specifically she shows how such an experience can work to transform one's understanding of race, culture and difference in Australian society.


This paper presents an economic perspective of the main trends in the geographic pattern of the national defense in France. The framework assumes a public planner maximizing the social utility of defense under a dual constraint: financial constraint and geographic constraint with an historical legacy. Through an analysis of current changes in the defense organization, we stress a play of forces between geographic concentration and geographic dispersion. On the one side, the current trends in defense organization show an economic rationalization that modifies the geographic pattern with waves of geographic concentration. On the other side, the dispersed spatial configuration of defense, legacy of centuries of history, exercises all its influence on the current restructuring of defense. Such play of forces is examined with the light of ?decreasing cost? concept. Within this framework, the paper proposes an overview of both social and regional costs caused by the rationalization process of defense.


Hydrogen High Purity Grade is an important compound in oil refineries due to its capability of withdrawing sulfur impurities in gasoline and diesel. This valuable feedstock is commonly produced in large scale by a Steam Methane Reforming process and is purified in batteries of adsorption columns. This work deals with numerically solving the model of a pressure-swing adsorption (PSA) column used for hydrogen purification. Five different numerical techniques were employed: Finite Differences, Method of Lines with Finite Differences, Method of Lines with Orthogonal Collocation, Fourier Transform and Method of Characteristics. The goal of this study was to develop a quick and robust application to simulate a single bed PSA unit and be incorporated in dynamic simulators. This model had been previously validated by comparison with data available in literature. The Method of Lines was considered to be the best numerical technique to solve a typical PSA column.


Method: Nine patients with TTP admitted between August 2003 to December 2005 were included in the study. Seven were females (77.8%) and one was pregnant. Five Patients were randomized to receive the standard therapy with aspirin (group I) and four (group II/control) received the standard therapy only (plasma exchange, one single plasma volume daily using fresh frozen plasma from healthy donors and Methylprednisolone 1 gram intravenously once daily for three days). Safety and efficacy of aspirin were assessed during the acute phase (4 weeks) and as maintenance for one year.


Materdicine‐augmented sonodynamic therapy has emerged as an efficient noninvasive strategy for cancer treatment by generating reactive oxygen species associated with the cavitation effect and sonosensitizers. However, semiconductor‐based inorganic nanosonosensitizers have undesirable nondegradability, which can cause unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy and potential toxicity. With the aim of overcoming this obstacle, in this study, Mo‐assisted Te (MT) nanosonosensitizers with high oxidative degradation abilities are engineered for photoacoustic imaging (PA)‐guided sonodynamic tumor nanotherapy. Intriguingly, the engineered MT nanosonosensitizers can generate abundant singlet oxygen under ultrasound irradiation to eradicate tumor cells, thereby demonstrating its ability to achieve high tumor growth inhibition rates. In particular, MT nanosonosensitizers exhibit oxidative degradation properties that guarantee desirable biocompatibility and potentiate clinical translation. Therefore, this study validates a paradigm for theory‐oriented design of sonodynamic tumor nanotherapy.


BACKGROUND
The cleaning operation of extra-virgin olive oil, subsequent to its extraction, is generally performed by means of a vertical disc stack centrifuge separator causing qualitative damage due to increased oxidative alterations. However, previous works have demonstrated the great opportunity that settling represents in order to improve the EVOO quality performing the separation operation with minimal qualitative damage.

RESULTS
A new patented prototype device (RS) has been used in the cleaning operation of extra-virgin olive comparing physical and chemical characterization of extra-virgin olive oil after 48 h from extraction and after 180 d of shelf-life. In addition, the results have been compared with those obtained using an assisted sedimentation plant (AS) and an enhanced sedimentation (H) plant from previous Authors' works, in order to assess the improvement of extra-virgin olive oil quality that could be attained with respect to the use of the vertical disc stack centrifuge separator.

CONCLUSION
The results show that after 48 h of storage the tested patented prototype device seems to be preferable, however, after 180 d of storage, the difference between H and RS device results similar in terms of improvement of the final olive oil quality. In addition, the method of principal component analysis can be used to evaluate the suitability of an olive cv. in terms of quality of extracted oil. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The criteria governing materials to be used in an oxygen enriched atmosphere and tests to determine suitability for fireproof considerations in spacecraft design are discussed. The nine tests applied to materials before acceptance in spacecraft construction are presented. The application of the standard tests to determine ranking of materials is included.


The invention discloses an intelligent monitoring system for monitoring operation of a cabinet type transformer station. The intelligent monitoring system comprises an intelligent processor. The intelligent processor is connected with a server, a power supply module, a clock circuit, a memory module, a man-machine interaction module, an RFID module, a protecting unit, a temperature-and-humidity monitoring unit and an electrical parameter measuring unit. The invention further discloses a method for monitoring the cabinet type transformer station through the intelligent monitoring system. Smart grid technology is combined with Internet technology for use in the cabinet type transformer station. Through leading an intelligent monitoring device, a reliable communication manner and a complete communication protocol which match the cabinet type transformer station, self identification, self diagnosis, self monitoring and self action of the cabinet type transformer station are realized.


The rotor bars of squirrel cage asynchronous motors are subject to mechanical forces and electrical and thermal transient processes. During the transient operation of the machine, especially during its start up, the high values of current flowing through the cage produce small deformations in bar and end rings. These deformations, combined with the expansions and contractions caused by transient thermal processes and the presence of unavoidable manufacturing defects, lead to rotor bar fatigue. The fatigue starts with small cracks in the junction between rotor bar and endrings and ends with the complete breaking of the bars. In this paper, the causes of fatigue in squirrel cage rotors are studied. By means of several finite element models of low and medium voltage machines the forces applied on the rotor during motor start up are calculated. These forces are used as loads on mechanical models of the rotor bars. By applying the finite element method the stress distribution caused by the forces on the bars is calculated. Once this stress distribution is known fatigue analysis is also performed. The results obtained are then validated by means of destructive tests on real specimens and by the analysis of models including intentional manufacturing defects.


Tracey Billington is a substance misuse nurse and a part-time MSc student at Northumbria University. Here, she reflects on her experiences as a trainee nurse dealing with the complexities of patient sexual health and the need for this area to be taken more seriously by the nursing profession, beginning with its inclusion and emphasis in the nurse education curriculum.


The use of biochar as soil conditioner, either alone or in association with fertilizer, may be considered a specific management for improving the soil properties which adverse crops productivity. A field experiment was carried out in a sandy soil, winter season cultivated with lupine and summer season cultivated with peanut, to study the effectiveness of applying particle size of biochar at different depths to improve soil properties, nutritional status and yield components of crops. The experiment included four particle sizes of biochar S1, S2, S3 and S4 and three application depths D1, D2 and D3. Results indicated that, generally, the application of biochar particle sizes with different application depths led to increase lupine and peanut yields as well as their total content of macronutrients as compared to control treatment. Also, application of 10 mm biochar at D2 and 2mm biochar at D1 were significantly superior for lupine and peanut yields along with their total content of macronutrients, respectively. Data showed that the application of S1biochar and S4 biochar were superior decreased of pH values in the first and second seasons, respectively. The electric conductivity and organic matter were increased gradually with increase of biochar particle sizes in lupine soil, while these parameters in peanut soil being decreased. In conclusion, application of biochar, with different sizes and depths, as soil conditioners led to improve soil chemical properties and increased fertility in sandy soil which reflected on both tested yield components along with their total content of macronutrients under conditions of experiment.


In the absence of clinching and incontrovertible evidence that might have determined those matters satisfactorily, undeterred students of Tirso de Molina's biography, birth and parentage, and his alleged affiliation to the Téllez Girón family have been driven into the realm of genealogical theorizing. Such theorizing has departed from the famous San Ginés certificate of 1584 and from possible hints about his origins left by the playwright in his dramas and prose fiction themselves. This genealogical approach was used by Doña Blanca de los Ríos;1 it has been employed with some concrete success by Gerald E. Wade,2 André Nougué3 and others. The purpose of the present article is to extend the genealogical method in some new directions, to discuss the possible significance for Tirso's background of the relationship of the Téllez Girón family to both the Arias Dávila and the Pizarros, and to present some dozen new coincidences arising from these family groupings and the documented life and writings of Tirso; by way of conclusion, some items of fresh information will be added that would appear to bear further on these and previous speculations of tirsistas. This kind of intelligent guesswork cannot by its very nature hope to prove anything. What is achieved is an aggregation of sifted facts that build up an ever stronger circumstantial case for accepting as probably true the basic assertion of Blanca de los Ríos that Gabriel Téllez was the illegitimate son of Juan Téllez Girón, second Duke of Osuna, and one Gracia Juliana. The name De Avila (Dávila) is of prima facie importance for the biography of Tirso. It was the name of the nephew, Francisco Luca de Avila, who brought out the Partes H-V of his uncle's comedias;4 it was the name of Tirso's lawyer, Diego de Avila, in the Salmerón affair (1640); it was also the name of the sea-captain, Cristóbal de Avila, with whom Tirso sailed to Santo Domingo in 1616, and it was the name of the fellow dramatist, Gasper de Avila, with whom the Mercedarian was acquainted at the tertulias of the Academy of Madrid that met at the house of Dr. Sebastián de Medrano during the early 1620's.5 We know, furthermore, that when Tirso died around the middle of February in 1648, the only extant record of any mass said for his soul was in the Segovian convent of the Order of Mercy on February 24th, a foundation patronized by the Arias Dávila family in the seventeenth century.6 The Arias Dávila family sepulchre, surmounted by the Virgin clothed in Mercedarian insignia, can still be seen nowadays in the cloister of Segovia cathedral.7 The question then arises: 'Is there, on the strength of the reappearance of the name De Avila coupled with the apellido Arias, any particular significance for genealogy in this tenuous but factual connection be-


Gra./Cu composites and CNTs/Cu composites were respectively fabricated by powder metallurgy techniques. The experiments of high speed sliding with and without electric current were carried out to investigate their tribological behaviors. The results show that the friction coefficients and wear rates with electric current are higher than without electric current; under the same testing condition the friction coefficients and wear rates of CNTs/Cu are lower and the worn surfaces are more planar than Gra./Cu. CNTs can debase the effect of heat generating during sliding process on the composites. The tribological properties of CNTs/Cu composites are more excellent than Gra./Cu composites.


Rheumatoid Arthritis (known as Amavata in Ayurveda) is an autoimmune disease that causes chronic inflammation of the joints. Autoimmune diseases are illnesses that occur when the body's tissues are mistakenly attacked by their own immune system. Patients with autoimmune diseases have antibodies in their blood that target their own body tissues, where they can be associated with inflammation. Because it can affect multiple other organs of the body, Rheumatoid Arthritis is referred to as a systemic illness and is sometimes called rheumatoid disease. According to the Ayurvedic system of medicine the formation of endotoxins called ' Aam '. ' Aam ' is basically undigested and unassimilated food of our body. ' Aam ' also results from leading an unhealthy life style, ingestion of state food, defrosting and reheating eatables, mental tension and stress. the herbs have the potential to treat symptoms of RA like inflammation and pain other than that, it also treats arthritis at immune and free radical level. These herbs are known for their immunosuppressive action, anti-inflammatory action, analgesic action and antioxidant action. It was concluded that RA can be cured completely or manage well with Ayurveda medicines and Panchakarma without any side effects.


The rapid development of the tsunami tourism attraction combined by the Islamic tourism of Aceh has contributed to the advancement of local people economy including the victims who live surrounding the attraction sites. However, researches on tourists of tsunami-affected area and its dimension are still scanty. This study is imperative because tsunami tourism offers uniqueness and risks for the tourists. Having understanding the perception of tourists, the quality and attractiveness of tsunami tourism can be optimized. Thus, this study aimed to investigate potential determinants of tourist loyalty to tsunami-affected tourism destination. There are 3 potential determinants tested in this study, namely tsunami attraction image, perceived value, and tourist satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to define the determinant variables (competitive tsunami attraction image, perceived value, and tourist satisfaction) of tourist loyalty to tsunami-affected tourism destination using an SEM approach. A proposed research model in which six direct and four mediations hypothesis was developed and tested. Empirical data collected at major tsunami tourism destinations in Banda Aceh. Data gathered through questioners and interviews with tourists who are visiting Banda Aceh especially the visitors of Museum Tsunami, "Kapal di atas Rumah" (boat on the house) and "Kapal Apung". A total of 328 questionnaires were returned and data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The mediation hypothesis was tested by using Bootstrapping with AMOS] and Mediation Test proposed by Barron and Kenny. Results supported the proposed loyalty model: (1) Competitive Tsunami Tourist Attractions has a positive direct influence on Perceived Value, Tourist Satisfaction and Tourist Loyalty to Tsunami Tourism Destination. (2) Perceived Value and Satisfaction Tourists also have a direct influence on Tourist Loyalty to Tsunami Tourism Destination. (3) From 4 mediation hypotheses proposed only 3 of them were supported. This implies that to increase the tourist loyalty to tsunami-affected tourism destination, the government need to focus on increasing the competitiveness of Tsunami Tourist Attractions. This can be done through the improvement of the tourism objects and the supporting business environment (awareness, amenities, accessibility, accommodation, attractiveness).


This paper explores numerical solutions of optimal control problems using B–Spline curves. It is aimed to give a general framework on how to use B–Splines to formulate optimal control problems and to solve them numerically using Nonlinear Trajectory Generation software package. Effects of the selection of the B–Spline parameters, such as, number of intervals, smoothness, piecewise polynomial orders, number of berak points, on the solution of an optimal control problem are investigated. Formulation of optimal control problems involving complex arbitrary shape obstacles and tabular data using B–Splines and tensor product B–Spline curves are also studied. Illustrative examples of these issues are presented.


The Fourier transform method has been generally used in pulse Doppler radar for detecting targets that are moving with acceleration, despite the phenomenon known as Doppler smearing which limits the performance of the method. Examples of accelerating targets are manoeuvring aircraft and missiles. The authors quantify the effects of Doppler smearing. In using a pulse Doppler radar to detect a nonaccelerating target in additive white Gaussian noise and to estimate its radial velocity, the Fourier method provides an output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that increases linearly with the number of pulses. When the target is accelerating, the Fourier method may still be used to detect the target and estimate its median velocity, provided the acceleration is small enough in the sense described. For a given acceleration, when the number of pulses is increased, the output SNR of the Fourier method varies as a concave function, increasing to a maximum and then decreasing, before the method fails catastrophically. Thus the number of pulses and the acceleration have to be matched to achieve optimum performance. Empirical formulas for the dependence of the optimum SNR and the optimum number of pulses on the acceleration are given. The results are shown to be relevant to the design of generalised likelihood ratio test detectors that apply a search over a grid.


At times I have felt inclined to agree with the poet Dan Turèll,1 the Danish counterpart to and translator of Allen Ginsburg, and just read medieval texts without intellectual crutches. On the other hand I think that scholarly research might be compared to the "illness that besets the intellectual: the indefatigable will to mastery", to paraphrase the Norwegian-American author Siri Hustvedt's description of the main character in her novel Sorrows of an American.2 As such I do feel the need of methodological crutches, especially when confronted with the task of editing medieval manuscripts, the folios of which were, as Stephen Nichols describes the situation of philology in a manuscript culture:


In this paper, a new cognitive model for a multi-agent object transportation is proposed. Such model is inspired by the innate and adaptive immune responses. Some relevant characteristics of macrophages and Th1 cells are modeled and incorporated in this artificial immune system; particulary the function of a Toll-Like Receptor on a macrophage to detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns on an antigen and the function of a T cell receptor on a Th1 cell in activating an infected macrophage. The agents and their funcionality were implemented and validated using the Player/Stage platform obtaining good results.


An actuator and an HDD(Hard Disc Drive) adopting the same are provided to accurately control a clearance between a disc and a disc recording surface by restraining clamping modification accompanied to a head stack assembly. At least two or more arm members(121,141) are mutually and horizontally extended. A spacer(130), inserted between the arm members(121,141) to closely adhere to the arm members(121,141), uniformly maintains an interval between the arm members(121,141). A stepped difference part(131) is formed in the spacer(130) to be faced and contacted with the arm members(121,141). A pivot member(110) passes through holes(121',130',141') formed in the arm members(121,141) and the spacer(130). The pivot member(110), connected as one laminated body with the arm members(121,141) and the spacer(130), provides the rotary center of the laminated body. A nut member(153), combined to an end part of the pivot member(110) by a screw, clamps and couples the arm members(121,141) and the spacer(130) together with the pivot member(110). The stepped difference part(131) has a contact surface of a ring shape.


mathematical basis for all the proposed manipulations is either ignored completely or treated ina flimsy or obscure manner. From these fragile beginnings complicated algorithms and tninimisation techniques are proffered which involve various unlikely tools and representations. As a result the mathematically cautious reader is presented with what seems to be a collection oftricks and mysterious skills rather than a formal discipline. It is refreshing, therefore, to come upon this book, which, for the first time, combines a really firmmathematical approach with realistic and practical design procedures. The opening chapters are perhaps a little too extreme in their quest for mathematical rigidity but they servewell to prepare for the more readable later chapters.


Summary Human low density Sf 3-9 lipoproteins can be frozen and thawed, stored at —20°C, and heated to 56°C for 45 minutes without altering their immunological characteristics in precipitin ring and agar diffusion tests. Lipoprotein fractions stored at 4°C are decomposed by bacterial action. Aqueous merthiolate added to final dilution of 1:10,000 prevents bacterial contamination in lipoprotein fractions stored at 4°C without altering immunological characteristics of the lipoproteins. Freezing and thawing increases turbidity of lipoprotein solutions but does not alter lipid and protein patterns obtained with paper electrophoresis.


The temperature dependence of carrier recombination lifetime for n- and p-type Si wafers is measured by the photoconductivity decay method in a temperature range between room temperature and about 90 K. The carrier lifetime of as-polished wafers has very weak temperature dependence, while the carrier lifetime decreases steeply with decreasing temperature for oxidized wafers. For all samples, a slow component appears in the photoconductivity decay curves after an initial fast decay at temperatures below 150 K. From a numerical simulation, we conclude that the decrease in the carrier lifetime with decreasing temperature is due to recombination through shallow recombination centers with an energy level within 0.15 eV from the bandedge, and that the slow component is due to minority carrier traps with a small majority carrier capture cross section.


This case study explores the interface between climate change adaptation and socio-economic development in the Southern African region. It seeks to make the climate—development juncture more palpable and further highlights the challenges of integration from a policymaker's perspective. It makes a normative case concerning the following key questions: Why is it advantageous to integrate adaptation into development planning, given that the degree and specific advent of climate change is still uncertain? How should this best be done? Which action is required at what level?


Vehicular networks are emerging class of wireless networks that have emerged because of recent advances in wireless technology. Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is an enhanced form of Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). The IEEE 802.11 [13] standard is based on CSMA/CD and used in both MANET and VANET. An enhanced version IEEE 802.11p is developed for VANET, which is suitable for high speed vehicular communication. The present work is an attempt to study the effect of these IEEE standards on reactive routing protocols, AODV and AOMDV in VANET under V2V communication for parameters average throughput, Number of Drop Packets and NRL with increasing number of vehicles. Keywords— MANET, VANET, PDR, NRL, V2V, 802.11, 802.11p


This paper presents a fixed-point version of the FastSLAM 2.0 algorithm and describes its implementation on the LE1 configurable and extensible Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW) processor. In addition, modifications to the FastSLAM 2.0 algorithm have been made in order to enable fast execution on systems with limited resources. The resultant code has been executed on a cycle-accurate simulator of the processor to quantify the benefits of exploiting instruction level parallelism.


OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to investigate the change of postprandial gastric myoelectrical activity and its relation with vagal activity after exercise.METHODS:Nine subjects were studied in two sessions. In the control session, gastric myoelectrical activity was recorded using electrogastrography (EGG) for 30 min in the fasting state and 60 min after a test meal. In the exercise session, after the baseline recording of both the EGG and electrocardiogram (ECG), the subject was put on a cycle ergometer for exercise until reaching 50% of the maximum age-predicted heart rate for 10 min. The test meal was then given and the recording was resumed for 60 more minutes. Spectral analyses were performed on both the EGG and the heart rate variability derived from the ECG.RESULTS:The postprandial increment of the dominant power (p < 0.05) and the percentage of the 2–4 cpm slow waves (p = 0.01) were significantly higher with exercise. The standard deviation of the postprandial dominant frequency was significantly decreased (more stable slow waves) with exercise (p < 0.04). While cardiac vagal activity was significantly decreased after the meal, exercise did not significantly affect the postprandial change.CONCLUSIONS:Gastric slow waves become more regular, more stable, and of higher amplitude after exercise, and this enhancement is probably not mediated via the vagal pathway.


were presented at the ASE – Association for Social Economics Conference (Albertville, France, June 8-11, 2004), at the Storep – Italian Association for the History of Political Economy Conference (Siena, Italy, June 3-4, 2005) and at the special session on Karl Polanyi of the ESHET – European Society for the History of Economic Thought Conference (Stirling, Scotland, June 9-12, 2005). The author thanks all participants for their comments. He also wishes to thank Michele Cangiani, Maurizio Mistri, Chikako Nakayama, Stefano Perri, Claus Thomasberger and two anonymous referees for their comments on a previous version of this paper. The usual disclaimer applies.


Considering the private tone and compressed descriptions in Gray's letters from his Lake District tour in October 1769, William Roberts's edition supplies all that one needs to understand the poet's references and itinerary, as well as the aesthetic backgrounds and historical context for the growing interest in this region at the time. Roberts follows Gray's footsteps so faithfully as to reconstruct vistas that the poet must have seen but that have now been occluded because of modernized roads or shifting property arrangements. An elegiac tone runs through Roberts's commentary, mainly on the loss of the region's aura since Gray's time and the difficulty of recovering this more innocent state of nature. In one of his frequent advisory asides to kindred spirits who seek this untarnished experience, Roberts recounts a journey he began at 2:00 a.m. up Mount Skiddaw so that he could view it in both moonlight and the dawning day. If one may question the inclusion of such autobiographical passages or the sometimes excessive defenses of Gray, who never actually climbed Skiddaw, against longstanding allegations of effeminacy, the editor's docent-like commentary on the history of each major site in this journey, along with the passages he selects from other early Lake District visitors such as Ann Radcliffe and John "Estimate" Brown, are fine assets. The commentary can indeed become a rambling mixture of remarks on such matters as the quality of eighteenth-century rural inns, church architecture, botany, graphite mines, and recipes for such now hard-to-find fish as charr, but one must respect its fidelity to the array of observations Gray recorded.


Summary: In Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, diabetes prevalence is high with a large ethnic minority population. Social deprivation is significant and compliance is a major stumbling block in the achievement of diabetes and Blood Pressure (BP) targets. Our aims were to improve adherence to BP treatment via engaging patients in their own health through text reminders and regular encouragement, and determine the clinical and cost effectiveness of this simple, yet unique method of virtual clinic consultation through FLORENCE (Flo). Since April 2014 • 100 patients have enrolled for BP monitoring. • 26 for blood glucose and insulin reminder. Results • Medications have been adjusted (added new agent or increased dose) in 27/100 (27%). • 46/100 (46%) patients have been discharged with good BP control preventing 107 outpatient appointments (saving £11,663 vs. £2,329 Flo associated costs). • Total savings £9,334. • High patient satisfaction. • Improved utilization of manpower resources and healthcare professional time – thus clinically and cost effective model of care delivery recognizing the importance of supporting patients outside of face-to-face care to improve outcomes. Flo's use continues to grow in our Trust. This simple Telehealth technology can be easily replicated in any NHS Trust or CCG, as has been shown within our own Trust. Department of Diabetes & Endocrinology, Sandwell & West Birmingham NHS Trust, UK *Corresponding author Parijat De, Consultant Physician & Clinical Lead in Diabetes & Endocrinology, City Hospital (SWBHT), Dudley Road, Birmingham B18 7QH, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. Submitted: 03 Oct 2016; Accepted: 08 Nov 2016; Published: 14 Nov 2016


For the increase of the transmission capacity in optical communication systems, the so-called few-mode fibers are used for people to design the mode division multiplexing transmission. In this paper, we analytically obtain and graphically display the superregular solutions for a coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) system which describes the wave evolution in a two-mode nonlinear fiber, where the superregular solutions are the analogue of superregular breathers for certain scalar NLS-type equations. On the nonzero-zero (or proportional nonzero-nonzero) background, regular solutions describe the regular nonlinear waves which are located in a finite t domain but do not perturb the background with t being big enough, and superregular solutions are a subset of regular solutions which describe the nonlinear superposition of breathers and dark-bright (or breather-like) solitons developing from the perturbations on the dark-bright (or breather-like) solitons at a certain z, where z and t denote the evolution dimension and temporal distribution dimension, respectively. On the nonzero-zero background, superregular solutions are constructed in three cases: trivial case, a pair of breathers case and single breather case, and then other superregular solutions could be constructed according to the analyses for such three cases. Superregular solutions on the proportional nonzero-nonzero background are derived via the superregular solutions on the nonzero-zero background and an orthogonal transformation.


In this paper, an FPGA implementation of a Diode Clipper circuit as an application of Wave Digital Filters with multiple exp-based nonlinearities is presented. Therefore, an efficient look-up table design in combination with an iterative approach, namely Newtons's and Halley's method is proposed for real-time evaluation of the Lambert function. A sequential and a concurrent version of the circuit were implemented, for each of which FPGA resource utilization and a rule for latency depending on the iteration steps required were determined. It is shown that although Halley's method generally converges faster, the overall latency is the same for Newton's method while achieving same accuracy and being more resource-saving.


Car bonnet consist of the outer panel and inner stiffener panels and reinforcement members placed there between to increase the strength of said panel in localized area. The outer panel and inner stiffener panel are connected by hemming. Bonnet is a main component of front portion of the car which is used for many purposes. Bonnet is made aerodynamic in shape to reduce air effect. Also bonnet is used to decorate car and add luxurious look. Bonnet generally used to cover car engine, radiator and many other parts, therefore bonnet must be designed in such a way that all the maintenance parts should be easily accessible and it gives minimum hindrance to aerodynamic flow. While car is in running condition it experiences a resisting forces of air, hence bonnet of car must be aerodynamic.


I investigated electron transmission through graphene composite periodic structures with monolayer and bilayer graphene regions. In this paper, I analysed 1-dimensional symmetric and asymmetric composite structures. Graphene periodic composite structures represent good electronic filters, which permits electron transmission only for restricted energy and angle values. Using the total transfer matrix method I determined energy bands created in this composite. This fact can be used in multi-logical circuits or for alimentation of nanodevices.


BACKGROUND
Currently, the first-line treatment regimen in cirrhotic patients for variceal rebleeding prophylaxis is still under debate.

AIM
This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of carvedilol plus endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) and traditional, nonselective β-blockers (NSBBs) plus EVL in preventing variceal rebleeding.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Studies were found in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Med Online, and Wiper Database. Review Manager 5.3 was used to analyze the relevant data.

RESULTS
Nine trials including 802 patients were identified (402 for carvedilol and 400 for traditional NSBBs). Carvedilol was more efficacious than traditional NSBBs in decreasing the variceal rebleeding rate [odds ratio (OR): 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.38-0.75; P=0.0003], lowering the degree of esophageal varices (OR: 4.40; 95% CI: 2.64-7.34; P<0.00001), decreasing the mean arterial pressure (standard mean difference: -0.35; 95% CI: -0.56 to -0.14; P=0.0009), reducing the total adverse events occurrence (OR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.28-0.53; P<0.00001), and decreasing drug-related adverse events (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.25-0.56; P<0.00001). No difference was noted between carvedilol and traditional NSBBs with respect to mortality and heart rate (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.43; 1.22; P=0.22 and standard mean difference: 0.09; 95% CI: -0.12 to 0.30; P=0.40, respectively).

CONCLUSION
Combined with variceal ligation, carvedilol was more effective and safer than traditional NSBBs in the prevention of rebleeding in cirrhotic patients.


The idea on the aim of education in our country has changed a lot currently and constructive learning theory plays a guiding role in the educational activities in the kindergarden.


The impact of time delays caused by unexpected events on trains spreads along the complex and widely distributed area of the high-speed railway network. Large train arrivals and departures are delayed. Serious social impact and huge loss of economic benefits are incurred. To solve the problems, the dynamic scheduling model of a high-speed train is established with the objective of minimizing the total delay time and energy consumption of the train. The DDPG algorithm is used to solve the model. The effectiveness of the algorithm for the dynamic scheduling of the high-speed train is verified through experiments, which provides a good basis for high-speed train dispatchers to make optimization decisions.


The present invention discloses a battery power supply system, which includes a battery card, battery card of the slot containing the battery assembly, and the rechargeable battery to the charger card. The normalized by cell-based thin card security and ease of use of design features, make it easy to obtain and to exchange between each of the electronic equipment. In addition, a rail mechanism of the battery card adapted to be inserted and taken out of the electronic apparatus to the external battery card, and a built-in battery indication circuit of a diode adjusting voltage indicator card inside the battery. The battery card assembly can be designed for single or multiple battery cards. In the case of using a single battery card, battery card assembly electrically connected to the power buffer within an electronic device, the user will serve to replace the battery in the card within a certain time without shutting down the electronic device. In case of using multiple battery card, battery card assembly from only one of battery power to the card connector of the electronic device. Until after the first battery card is completely discharged, the battery card is automatically switched to another group member battery card without disturbing the operation of electronic device.


GB/T 14335—2008"Testing method for linear density of man-made staple fiber"has been implemented more than two years,it has played an important role in testing linear density of the fibers and improving the product quality.In order to exert the standards better,reduce errors and improve the method accuracy,this paper analyzed the possible errors from the viewpoint of the used instrument in the standards and provided recommendations to avoid the generation of errors.


Data visualization methods are used to support business analysis. This paper explores the study on the sophisticated data visualization methods for business inventiveness. These comprise Line and Bar Charts, Scatter Plots, Network Diagrams, Bubble plot, Correlation Matrices and Donut Diagram. The concepts of visual elements are explained in the context of business perception. The paper reviews the capabilities and prophecies of the visualization methods in business analysis. When more data has to be symbolized, the concentration increases and it leads to difficulty in understanding the information to be dillydallied. Data visualization methods for business decisions save the time and resources as well as provide better understanding. The study explores that there exist habituated data visualization methods that are useful in business intelligence. The methods serve as the elite outfits to epitomize Big Data effectively. These techniques are scouted through this literature review. We investigate the pros and cons of data visualization methods in business intelligence.


This study aims to look at the determinants that influence the profitability of Islamic commercial banks in term of slowing asset growth, deposits and financing. This study uses ROA as a measure of profitability and independent variables consisting of internal performance, macroeconomic factors and Fintech development by using data accumulation of peer to peer lending transactions. This study uses panel data analysis of 10 Sharia commercial banks in the 2017-2019 period. Based on the results of testing data on state-owned Islamic banks, bank ROA is influenced by BOPO factors, growth rates and Fintech developments, whereas in testing data on private Islamic banks, bank ROA is influenced by FDR, BOPO, Deposit to assets, BI rate and Fintech developments. The development of Fintech has a positive effect on ROA of private Islamic banks and has a negative effect on ROA of state-owned Islamic banks.


Increasing demands for high-speed broadband wireless communications with voice over long term evolution (LTE), video on demand, multimedia, and mission-critical applications for public safety motivate 4th-generation (4G) and 5G communication developments. The level IP-based LTE and LTE-Advanced innovations are the normal key drivers for 5G. Be that as it may, LTE, with its slipped by security mechanism and open nature, leaves an immense proviso for interlopers to risk the whole correspondence network. The time and data transfer capacity expending validation technique in LTE prompts benefit interruptions and influences it to unfit for open wellbeing applications. To provide food the predominant LTE security and administration necessities, we propose the protective selective jamming mechanism, which is composed of two dependent protocols: 1) Privacy-protected for DDoS attack and 2) Selection for attacking users. The PSJM supports seamless communication with a minimum signaling load on core elements and conceals users' permanent identifiers to ensure user privacy. We simulate the proposed conventions for authentication with the broadly acknowledged robotized approval of Internet security conventions and applications instrument. A relative examination of data transfer capacity and energy utilization is likewise performed and demonstrated through NS2 tool that the proposed 4GCPAM beats the current arrangements.


The ethological observations relevant to solve commodity pig breeding and objectives: to identify adaptive characteristics of the organism and to explain some animals' vital signs; stock explore reactions in different circumstances detention in terms of biologic evaluate the effectiveness of those or other systems;to conduct signifies our strong selection and selection of breeding animals in terms of inheritance respective life forms (preferably in an industrial pig farm) with quality assessment for a number of generations ethological reactions; interaction behavior of pigs to determine the types of higher nervous activity and a number of functional system body and to predict adaptive and pigs' productive quality .Ethology pig production increases without any additional material costs, but only results rational
behavior management, accounting and biological characteristics usage and animals' physiological needs.


Abstract: We have investigated the properties of several ATPases present in synaptic membrane preparations from the cerebral cortex of rat. In addition to the intrinsic (Na++ K+)–ATPase and a low level of contaminating Mg2+–ATPase of mitochondrial origin, both of which could be controlled by the addition of ouabain and azide, respectively, four activities were studied: (1) a Mg2+–ATPase; (2) a Mg2+–independent activity requiring Ca2+ ions at high concentrations; (3) a (Ca2++ Mg2+)–ATPase with a high affinity for Ca2+, which was enhanced further (4) by the inclusion of calmodulin (33 DM for half–maximal activity). In the presence of 0.5 mM–EGTA in the buffer used, half saturation for these respective metal ions was observed at 0.9 mM for (1), 1.0 DIM for (2), and –0.3 mM for (3) and (4); the latter values correspond to concentrations of free Ca2+ of 0.38 and 0.18 /XM for (3) and (4), respectively. The level of activities observed, all in nmol × min−1× mg−′, under optimal conditions at 37°C, was in a number of preparations (n in parenthesis): for (1) 446 ± 19 (19); for (2) 362 ± 18 (3); for (3) 87 ± 13 (12); and for (4) 161 ± 29 (12). The (Ca2++ Mg2+)‐ATPase, both in the presence and absence of calmodulin, could be inhibited specifically by a number of agents (approximate I0.5 in parentheses) which, at these concentrations, showed little or no potency against the other activities; among them were vanadate (≥10 μm), La3+ (75 μm), trifluoperazine, and other phenothiazines (50μm). These properties suggest that the (Ca2++ Mg2+)‐ATPase described may be responsible for calcium transport across one (or more) of the several membranes present in nerve endings and contained in the preparation used.


A lecture presented at a seminar held 12 December 2013 at Research Center for Environmental Quality Management (RCEQM), Kyoto University, Japan.


Since commercial simulators are commonly used in the practice of engineering, we need to ensure they are included in engineering education. Computer laboratory sections were added to a "lecture" course to teach the use of a simulator and to give the students practice in solving realistic problems. By thinking about the computer lab as a problem‐based learning environment, minimal lecture time was necessary to train the students on the simulator. Examples of instructions, problem statements and results from a student survey are presented.


Lattice QCD results for the coefficient $c_2$ appearing in the Taylor expansion of the pressure show that this quantity raises with the temperature towards the Stefan-Boltzmann limit. On the other hand, model approximations predict that when a vector repulsion, parametrized by $G_V$, is present this coefficient reaches a maximum just after $T_c$ and then deviates from the lattice predictions. Recently, this discrepancy has been used as a guide to constrain the (presently unknown) value of $G_V$ within the framework of effective models at large-$N_c$ (LN). In the present investigation we show that, due to finite $N_c$ effects, $c_2$ may also develop a maximum even when $G_V=0$ since a vector repulsive term can be dynamically generated by exchange type of radiative corrections. Here we apply the the Optimized Perturbation Theory (OPT) method to the two flavor Polyakov--Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model (at $G_V=0$) and compare the results with those furnished by lattice simulations an by the LN approximation at $G_V=0$ and also at $G_V \ne 0$. The OPT numerical results for $c_2$ are impressively accurate for $T \lesssim 1.2\, T_c$ but, as expected, predict that this quantity develops a maximum at high-$T$. After identifying the mathematical origin of this extremum we argue that such a discrepant behavior may naturally arise within these effective quark models (at $G_V=0$) whenever the first $1/N_c$ corrections are taken into account. We then interpret this hypothesis as an indication that beyond the large-$N_c$ limit the correct high temperature (perturbative) behavior of $c_2$ will be faithfully described by effective models only if they also mimic the asymptotic freedom phenomenon.


The purpose of this paper is to give a discrete-time analogue of the notion of controlled invariance under quasi-static state feedback and to show that it is possible to present a geometric solution of the dynamic disturbance decoupling problem in terms of this new notion.


The objective for more sustainability has resulted in a growing interest for electric drives, even in mobile equipment. The container handling sector is gradually following this trend by installing hybrid and even fully electric drive systems in transportation equipment. Reach Stackers have not yet been implemented with hybrid or electrical drive systems, they are still equipped with diesel engines.


This paper proposes a general conceptual architecture for the application of artificial immunity based systems to the highway risk management and control using biological systems considered as a complex information processing system. The artificial immunity based system is an information processing model of the natural immune systems which play an important role in protecting the human body. The conventional infrastructure of an information processing system for the management of the highway systems has been constructed as a remote detecting system and communication system. As highway systems become complex and large scale in these days and in the future, a new concept is needed to design the information network for complex highway systems. The highway system is networked over the wide area and the situation is changing which makes it difficult for the management to monitor and control the abnormality and restore the system as fast as possible. The key concepts of artificial immunity systems are in the adaptability and flexibility of distributed systems, which can be applied to the design of information processing systems of the highway system. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 490001.


Let P = N Q i=1 (i1;1) ‰ I RN and let f : P ! I RN be a continuous function. In 1940 C. Miranda proved that if each component fi of the function f takes values with contrary signs on the faces of the cube P obtained through the intersection of this with the planes xi = §1; then f admits zeros in P: Moreover, C. Miranda showed that his result is equivalent with the Brouwer's flxed point theorem. The following question appears naturally: the result of C. Miranda can be extended to inflnite dimensional spaces? In this paper a partial answer to this question is given.


Background:
 Antineoplastic therapies can be cardiotoxic and increase the risk of cardiomyopathy and heart failure (HF). SGLT2i are shown to be efficaceous in patients across the spectrums of HF regardless of ejection fraction and presence of type 2 diabetes. However, the impact of these agents on outcomes in patients with antineoplastic therapy associated cardiomyopathy and HF has not been well established.

 Methods:
 A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on de-identified, aggregate patient data from the TriNetX research network. Patients ≥18 years of age with a history of exposure to potentially cardiotoxic antineoplastic therapy between Jan 1, 2013 and Apr 30, 2020 who subsequently developed cardiomyopathy or HF and treated with guideline directed medical therapy (GDMT) were identified. Patients with ischemic heart disease were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups based on SGLT2i use. Propensity score matching was performed to match the baseline characteristics. Odds ratio and log-rank test were used to compare the outcomes over a 2-year follow-up period.

 Results:
 In well matched cohorts (640 patients in each cohort with antineoplastic therapy associated cardiomyopathy/HF; mean age 67.6 years, women 41.6%, White 68%), patients on SGLT2i in addition to conventional GDMT faced lower risk of acute HF exacerbation (85 vs 154, OR 0.48, 95% CI: 0.36 - 0.65, p<0.001) and all-cause mortality (73 vs 194, OR 0.30, 95% CI: 0.22 - 0.40, p=0.001). Secondary outcomes of all-cause hospitalization or ER visit (OR 0.479, 95% CI: 0.383-0.599, p<0.001), atrial fibrillation/flutter (OR 0.397, 95% CI: 0.213-0.737, p=0.003), acute kidney injury (OR 0.486, 95% CI: 0.382-0.619, p<0.001), and renal replacement therapy (OR 0.398, 95% CI: 0.189-0.839, p=0.012) were also less frequent in patients on SGLT2i.

 Conclusions:
 SGLT2i use is associated with lower risk of clinical events in patients with antineoplastic therapy associated cardiomyopathy or HF.


In order to develop novel antibacterial therapies that combine anti-adhesion, anti-quorum sensing and the delivery of conventional antibiotics, the effects of polymers on bacterial aggregation and quorum sensing (QS) were studied. QS is a term used to describe method by which bacteria use chemical signal molecules to modulate pre-infection behaviour such as surface attachment. Polymers that can interfere with bacterial adhesion or the signal molecules used for QS are therefore a potential means to control bacterial population responses. In this thesis, the ability of the cationic polymers poly (N-[3-(dimethylamino) propyl] methacrylamide) (p(DMAPMAm), P1) and poly (N-dopamine methacrylamide-co-N-[3-(dimethylamino) propyl] methacrylamide) (p(DMAm-co-DMAPMAm), P2) to cluster a range of bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus(Gram-positive), Vibrio harveyi, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(Gram-negative) under conditions of varying pH and polymer concentration was investigated. It was identified that clustering ability was strongly dependent on the balance between charge and hydrophobicity. The results also suggested that catechol moieties might have a positive effect on adhesive properties. Moreover, the potency of polymers against QS of Vibrio harveyi was assayed via testing bioluminescence.
P1 which was able to bind to the surface of bacteria through electrostatic interactions enhanced the expression of QS and P2 which could bind to both the bacteria and QS signals showed the ability to both enhance and reduce light production. Furthermore, polymeric vesicles made of copolymers containing poly (3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine methacrylamide) (p(L-DMAm)) which displayed similar dual affinity compared toP2 were prepared and their ability to modulate QS responses in Vibrio harveyi was demonstrated.
All the vesicles showed higher potency in quenching bioluminescence than their linear polymer analogues. To explore the feasibility of using self-assembled polymers for anti-microbial drug delivery, silver loaded DOPG lipid vesicles were made and were found to interfere with QSwhile reducing bacterial viability when the concentration of Ag+ was above the MIC (0.1 μg/mL). The results overall suggested that combined antimicrobial therapies might be possible using polymers and both QS and cytostatic or cytotoxic agents.


This paper presents an overview of shipbuilding and welding technologies both during the period of expansion in ship size when VLCCs were the main type of construction, and during the transition period when the shipbuilding character changed towards the production of very specialised ships such as LNG and LPG carriers. It also covers future trends in welding technology relating to the presently emergent state of shipbuilding, where there is a need for high performance structures and corresponding specialization in structural materials including special alloys of higher strength and thickness. Order from BSRA as No. 53,422.


As the principle of enterprises' social responsibility for promoting the protection of labor rights, SA8000 has brought a lot of adverse effects to Chinese export enterprises. In fact the labor condition of Chinese enterprises is indeed worrying. In order to regulate and restrict enterprises' labor conditions in a long-term, and to evaluate and monitor periodically, it is necessary to provide quantitative basis which is accessible. There are various fuzzy factors in enterprises' labor conditions, such as "child" phenomenon, forced labor, freedom of association and the collective negotiate right. These qualitative indicators magnify the ambiguity of evaluation. While the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation can evaluate the fuzzy factors of problems, the model is simple and effective.


This article explores the untold history of English-Canadian children's First World War work for the Canadian Red Cross Society. First it examines young people's material and symbolic contributions, then follows the legacies of children's war work through to the Second World War. It also highlights the connection between youthful war work and the interwar Junior Red Cross (focused on health, service, and citizenship). English-Canadian youth did not cause the conflict, but through their involvement with the Canadian Red Cross Society successive generations of them bore the war's tangible and intangible burdens.


Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) systems seem to be at the core of most global supply chains. This is increasingly the case for electronics and automotive parts manufactured in China and assembled in the European Union countries. The main algorithmic component of VMI systems is the Inventory Routing Problem (IRP). In this paper, the authors propose an exact algorithm for the stochastic IRP. While the IRP is a well known problem, solving its stochastic version requires the development of solution policies. Solution policies can be either reactive or proactive depending on the usage of forecasts or not. In the context of the reactive policy, also known as wait and see policy, the transhipment between a supplier and retailers as well as among retailers is proposed in order to perform the required recourse actions. The problem is mathematically formulated as a stochastic program with recourse .It is solved under the context of a reactive policy by a mixed integer linear programming model that solves the IRP exactly based on a branch and cut method and an integer programming model for the execution of the recourse actions of the transshipment actions when unsatisfied demand is revealed. Computational results demonstrate that the transshipment is a powerful recourse action which may significantly improve the overall performance of a vendor managed inventory supply chain system.


The objective of this work was to characterize and evaluate genetic resources of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) for its main economic traits. Agronomic evaluations were made and genetic parameters were estimated in 38 germplasm accessions from the passion fruit germplasm bank of Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, using five controls from selections or genetically improved material. Two productive characteristics, three chemical qualities, and seven physical attributes of fruit were evaluated. An augmented block design with four replicates and ten plants per plot was used. The high coefficient of genetic variation, the index of variation greater than one, and the high heritability values indicate the existence of high genetic variability not yet explored, as well as favorable conditions to implement a breeding program. For most of the traits evaluated, accessions were superior to the controls. Accessions BGM185 and BGM051 are more promising for the fresh fruit market, due to fruit quality, while accessions BGM181, BGM034, BGM123, and BGM079 are recommended for the fruit juice industry, due to high productivity and pulp yield.


Compartmentalization of the circulatory system and shunting of blood so that some parts of the body receive little blood flow are common adaptations for conserving energy in small hibernating mammals and diving marine mammals (Folk, 1966). Folk et al. (1972, 1976) suggested that similar changes in blood flow may occur in hibernating black bears and that this could partly explain the reduced oxygen consumption and heart rates of hibernating bears and the occasional inability of hibernating black bears in northern regions to run after being disturbed. Oxygen consumption by black bears during hibernation is approximately 50% the estimated nonhibernating basal metabolic rate, and heart rate periodically drops to between 8 and 21 beats/min (Folk et al., 1972, 1976; Hock, 1957, 1960; Watts et al., 1981). However, no data on blood circulation or cardiac output have been reported for bears in any season. To explore possibilities of shunting and compartmentalization in black bears during hibernation, we used cardiac catheterization techniques to determine changes in cardiac output, blood pressure, and peripheral vascular resistance between summer and winter in a wild bear in northeastern Minnesota (Lat 47045'N, Long 91'30'W). The study bear, a wild, 10-year-old, radio-collared female, was selected for study because her weights and movements during previous study appeared normal, she was without cubs, and she was fully grown and therefore not likely to grow between hemodynamic measurements. Measurement dates were selected in mid-summer and mid-winter to maximize differences in metabolism and to minimize differences in body weights; mid-summer and mid-winter weights commonly are similar for adults in northeastern Minnesota (Rogers, unpublished data) and were 62.7 kg and 60.5 kg, respectively, in this case. On 17 July 1982, the bear was live-trapped. For at least a half hour before being tranquilized, she rested alert in the barrel-trap. After being tranquilized with 70 mg of phencyclidine and 40 mg of promazine hydrochloride (Seal and Erickson, 1969), she was weighed and measured, and hemodynamic values were obtained using standard Swan-Ganz catheterization procedures (Jobin, 1981; Swan and Ganz, 1975). Catheterization procedures involved laying the bear on its back and inserting an arterial catheter into the heart through the right femoral artery and inserting a triple lumen thermister Swan-Ganz catheter into the heart and pulmonary artery through the left femoral vein. Each catheter was connected to a transducer and pressure-monitoring system which in turn were connected to a Tektronics dual channel pressure monitor (Model 414 FA) to enable constant visualization of EKG and central arterial, central venous, and pulmonary artery pressures. All blood pressure waveforms were simultaneously recorded with a multi-channel strip chart recorder. Cardiac output values were determined by the thermodilution method (Ganz et al., 1971; Pugh, 1979; Riedinger and Shellock, 1984). After all data were collected, the catheters were removed. The bear was released in her territory after she recovered from the drugs, and she was radio-tracked to a den in fall. On 22 January, the bear was observed in her den and a heated tent was erected 100 m away. The next day the bear was aroused in her den, allowed to rest alert in the den for 40 min, and then tranquilized with the previously used drugs. After the drugs took effect, she was carried to the tent, her hemodynamic profile was obtained, and she was returned to the den. Body surface area (m2) was calculated using the equation m2 = 0.1(kg)" (Dukes, 1947; Kleiber, 1961). Body surface areas calculated for summer (1.58 m2) and winter (1.54 m2) using this equation were each within 3% of estimates using the DuBois human nomogram for body weights (DuBois, 1936). Comparisons between summer and winter hemodynamic values were facilitated because the bear did not grow between measurements and because her weight change (-3.6%, 2.2 kg) was too small to substantially affect hemodynamic profiles. Any effect of the winter weight loss would be to underestimate seasonal differences. Those differences were probably further underestimated due to the bear's arousal in winter prior to the hemodynamic measurements. The bear rested alert prior to being tranquilized and measured in both summer and winter, and heart rates were similar (85 vs. 82 beats/min). Nevertheless, hemodynamic profiles