The present study was aimed at finding the potential of vegetable waste as a culture media. Composition of the media and the efficiency of the media to support microbial growth were tested. The medium had a lower protein content and higher carbohydrate content. The media pH was 6.8 before sterilization. Medium supported growth of bacteria, fungi and yeast. Growth was comparable to that obtained on routine commercial media.


This paper deals with a simple mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of a vector-borne disease that incorporates both direct and indirect transmission. The model is analyzed using dynamical systems techniques and it reveals the backward bifurcation to occur for some range of parameters. In such cases, the reproduction number does not describe the necessary elimination effort of disease rather the effort is described by the value of the critical parame ter at the turning point. The model is extended to assess the impact of some control measures, by re-formulating the model as an optimal control problem with density-dependent demographic parameters. The optimality system is derived and solved numerically to investigate that there are cost effective control efforts in reducing the incidence of infectious hosts and vectors.


PURPOSE: To produce a recombinant eucaryocyte for producing interleukin-2 by forming a vector having a DNA sequence coded with an interleukin-2 hybrid precursor which is a kind of natural precursor of human growth hormone. CONSTITUTION: A eucaryocyte is transfected by a vector having a DNA sequence coded with a dihydroforate reductase and a DNA sequence coded with an interleukin-2 hybrid precursor whose signal peptide is a kind of a natural precursor of human growth hormone in combination with a means necessary for expression. The transfected cell is grown in continuing media containing methotrexate at gradually increasing concentrations. The transfected cell capable of producing interleukin-2 is selected by this process to produce the objective interleukin-2-producing eucaryocyte. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO


This work aimed to set-up and evaluate a lab-made immunoradiometric assay for the detection of plasma glypican-3 (GPC3) in comparison with a commercial ELISA kit and to use them to evaluate the diagnostic potential of GPC3 in HCC patients. Anti-GPC3 monoclonal antibodies were radioiodinated and used with a second antibody in the IRMA assay. The study included 450 subjects in 3 groups, 150 HCC patients, 150 hepatitis-C-virus (HCV) patients and 150 normal healthy subjects. Plasma GPC3 was assayed by our lab-made IRMA and by a commercial ELISA kit, along with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). We were able to set-up an IRMA assay to measure plasma GPC3 and applied it to diagnose HCC patients. When compared to a ELISA kit, our IRMA assay showed much better performance characteristics on ROC curves with much higher area under the curves, sensitivities and specificities when diagnosing HCC patients from normal controls or HCV patients. Using our IRMA assay, showed that GPC3 is a good diagnostic indicator for HCC with 1.4 ng/ml cutoff for controls and at a cutoff value of 1.55 ng/ml it was able to discriminate HCC and HCV patients. GPC3 measurement was much better than AFP for the diagnosis of HCC.


Do you find your summer passes you by with lots of lazy afternoons in front of the television, bored with nothing to do?


Problem,case teaching,which combines the discussion around problems and real cases,can not only provoke the students' interest of study,but also improve their abilities of analyzing and resolving problems.Its application in the teaching of principles of fermentation technology was discussed from selecting cases,designing problems,implementing and analyzing effects,respectively,so as to supply some experiences for the teaching reform.


Introduction HMV is standard therapy for long term management of chronic respiratory failure in patients with neuromuscular disease (NMD), chest wall disease (CWD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obesity related respiratory failure (ORRF). This study investigated changing trends in patient demographics and HMV ventilator set up over a 7-year period. Methods Data from a bespoke discharge summary system (Carevue, Philips Corporation, US) of patients established on HMV from 2006 to 2012 were analysed. Patient demographic and anthropometric data, including spirometry and arterial blood gas values were analysed. Difference in length of stay (LOS) for non-invasive ventilation (NIV) set up and trends in the ventilator pressures was performed. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results 952 patients (518 male) were reviewed with a mean age of 57 ± 16 years. HMV set ups rose by 32.1% over the 7 years. The largest increase was observed in the ORRF group from 44% to 53% of the cohort. In comparison with 2006, NMD/CWD patients were started on HMV with lower arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in 2012, whilst COPD patients were initiated on HMV at a higher PaCO2 (Table 1). LOS for elective NIV set up fell between 2006 and 2012 (4 (2–7) vs 2 (1–3) days; <0.0001). An increase in inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP) was demonstrated across all groups with a decrease in expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) demonstrated in NMD/CWD and COPD groups (Table 1). Conclusions This study demonstrated an increasing demand for HMV in the UK. This was most marked in the ORRF group in line with rising levels of obesity. In 2012, NMD/CWD patients were being initiated on HMV earlier in the course of chronic respiratory failure, whereas COPD patients were being initiated when chronic respiratory failure was well established. A significant increase was observed in the inspiratory pressures delivered across all groups with a reduction in the expiratory pressures in the NMD/CWD patients as well as the patients with COPD. Efficiency of HMV set up has improved, as reflected by the reduced LOS and this is the result of a more structured clinical pathway. Abstract S86 Table 1. Changes in spirometric measurement, arterial blood gas measurements and ventilator settings of patients initiating HMV between 2006 and 2012. Analysed parameters 2006 2012 p value mean SD mean SD FEV1 (L/s) NMD/CWD COPD ORRFFVC (L) NMD/CWD COPD ORRFPaO2 (kPa) NMD/CWD COPD ORRFPaCO2 (kPa) NMD/CWD COPD ORRFHCO3 (mmol/L) NMD/CWD COPD ORRF 0.90.71.61.11.22.09.98.09.17.77.56.9303331 0.50.30.70.126.96.36.199.22.214.171.124.1344 184.108.40.206.188.8.131.52.18.104.22.168.6333729 0.40.21.20.126.96.36.199.22.214.171.124.4554 0.20.80.10.04*0.40.10.90.30.60.01*<0.01*0.20.04*<0.01*0.03* IPAP (cmH2O) Median IQR Median IQR NMD/CWD 16 14-18 20 17-24 <0.01 COPD 24 20-25 26 24-28 <0.01 ORRF 22 18-25 24 19-28 <0.05 EPAP (cmH2O) NMD/CWD 5 4-8 4 3-5 <0.01 COPD 6 5-10 4 3-5 <0.01 ORRF 12 10-16 12 10-19 0.1 * Significant difference (p value <0.05) between 2006 and 2012


Microstructure of weld metal C-1.5Mn-2.5Ni-0.5Cr-0.5Mo alloy was investigated by means of optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The Fe-Ni phase diagram was calculated with thermal-calc software.Solidification and transformation of the weld metal during cooling process was analyzed.Mechanical properties of the weld metal were tested.The results indicate that delta ferrite is the primary phase during solidification and grows in a columnar manner to transform austenite.With further cooling,bainite forms firstly at the columnar austenite grain boundaries,and then,the austenite transforms into martensite.The interlace bainite is formed as a result of bainite nucleation at austenite grain boundaries and the side of prior-formed bainite lath.The good toughness of weld metal is attributed to large amount of the interlace bainite.


SUMMARY

Cine-radiology with an image intensifier is a valuable aid to the study of the anatomy and physiology of the normal and abnormal urinary tract.

The appearances of the normal bladder and urethra, and the physiology of normal micturition, are described. The normal bladder neck may produce a distinct impression on the lumen of the posterior urethra.

The appearances of the megaureter-megacystis are described. In the mild cases the bladder is smooth, increased in capacity, and contracts normally without vesical residue, and the bladder neck is normal. By means of double or triple micturition the urinary tract can be largely cleared of residual urine. Vesico-ureteral reflux is the rule and the ureteric contractions are increased in frequency and amplitude, and reverse contractions are present. In the retention phase the bladder is trabeculated and ureteric contractions, although still present, are reduced in frequency and amplitude as compared with the mild cases.

The simple megaureter also shows active contractions with reverse contractions. The bladder is normal. Where a narrow supravesical segment is present, reverse contractions are not seen and the movements of the lower ureter suggest that the narrowed segment produces partial obstruction of the lumen of the ureter. Vesico-ureteral reflux was seen in only one case of simple megaureter.

Congenital bladder-neck obstruction shows a trabeculated bladder with vesical residue and ureteral reflux into atonic ureters. Diverticulum formation and hydro-ureter do not necessarily indicate lower urinary tract obstruction.

Cine-radiography demonstrates the fallacy of attempting to assess the size of vesical diverticula on a single still radiograph.

Double and triple micturition is a means of clearing the urinary tract of residual urine in cases of vesico-ureteral reflux and vesical diverticula.


Self assembled InAs QDs on cross-hatch virtual substrate (VS) consisting of 50-nm-thick InxGa1-xAs/GaAs(001) are grown. The periodicity of cross-hatch patterns are collapsed due to the formation of substrate mounds and pits during pre-heat GaAs substrate. The subsequent growth of QDs on the deformed cross-hatch surface is studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM).


In this paper, we propose a novel unequal error protection (UEP) design based on multilevel coded modulation (MLC) for a broadcasting system which attempts to maximize average user satisfaction within the coverage area of the transmitter. To this end, a new quantitative measure is introduced that takes into account both quality of the received data and the distance of the user location from the transmitter. Based on the proposed measure, an optimal rate allocation algorithm utilizing the capacity rule is developed for MLC. As a specific example, by employing JPEG images for source coding and modern capacity-approaching codes for component codes of MLC, our numerical results reveal that well-designed MLC systems can provide better average user satisfaction than a conventional coded modulation (CM) system.


Superoxide radicals(O 2 · ) produced in PSⅡ particles separated from spinach has been investigated by spin trapping electron spin resonance (ESR) technique. After bubbling with oxygen and incubating with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) that acts as an inhibitor of superoxide dismutase (SOD) the experimental evidence of spin adduct of [DMPO O 2H] · can be obtained by in situ ESR measurements in PSⅡ particles. In contrast, adduct of O 2 · and DMPO produced under illumination is obviously decreased when SOD that usually performs as a scavenger of O 2 · is present. Furthermore, it is evident to find that the generation of O 2 · is positively correlated with the concentration of oxygen. The production of O 2 · is also pH dependent, and O 2 · concentration reaches maximum when pH is in the range of 6 0~6 5. Either high, or low pH value will lead it to descend steeply.In Tris HCl washed PSⅡ particles donor side ET inhibition can causes the production of O 2 · decreasing obviously. It can be concluded that the PSⅡ that is active in splitting water and oxygen generation is also a reactive site responsible for the photoinduced O 2 · generation in thylakoid of higher plant. In another word, the formation of O 2 · is relevantly correlated to the electron transport activity of PSⅡ.


The article is devoted to the consideration of the positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on issues of state structure, in particular the principles of the federal structure, the status and powers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the delimitation of subjects of jurisdiction, and the organization of public authority. The author considers the main differences between a federal and confederal structure, type and other features of a federal structure, enshrined in the 1993 Constitution of the Russian Federation.


Many studies investigating wage-tenure proflles flnd that white-collar employees have steeper proflles in tenure than blue-collar workers. This paper takes a closer look at a more homogeneous group of individuals, namely individuals who have obtained the highest secondary degree. Using the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), we flnd that among those well educated individuals longer tenure does not necessarily re∞ect a higher productivity of an employee. In particular, we flnd that those types who stay shorter have higher returns to tenure but earn less on average. Our control function approach to estimation allows us to disentangle this from estimates of general returns to tenure which we flnd to be rather low. Furthermore, the wage proflles of white collar workers appear to be substantially difierent between college graduates and non-graduates. Individuals with a college degree obtain steeper proflles. Our results suggest that certain majors are responsible for the difierent shapes since the steepness is particularly pronounced for degrees in Social Science and Medicine.


Neuroimaging has been pivotal in identifying and reframing our understanding of functional movement disorders (FMDs). If accessible, it compensates for the limitations of the clinical exam and is especially useful where there is overlap of functional symptoms with classical presentations of disease. Imaging in FMDs has increasingly identified structural and functional abnormalities that implicate hypoactivation of the cortical and subcortical motor pathways and increased modulation by the limbic system. Neurobiological theories suggest an impaired sense of agency, faulty top-down regulation of motor movement and abnormal emotional processing in these individuals. This framework challenges our traditional understanding of FMDs as distinct from the deceptive term of 'organic' diseases and proposes that these conditions not be considered as mutually exclusive. This review summarizes the literature to date and explores the role of imaging in the diagnosis of FMDs and in detecting its underlying molecular network.


We review how the masses of black holes in active galactic nuclei are measured and outline the current limitations and uncertainties. Masses have been measured directly by emission-line reverberation for nearly 50 relatively nearby AGNs, but uncertainties due to the unknown geometry and projection effects limit the accuracy of these masses to ∼ 0.3 dex. Reverberation studies show that there is a very tight relationship between the broad-line region radius and the AGN luminosity, with an intrinsic scatter of ∼ 0.1 dex, which shows (1) that the largest source of systematic uncertainty in the black hole mass determinations is how the velocity field of the broad-line region is characterized, not the size of the broad-line region, and (2) that the size of the broad-line region can be estimated to fairly high accuracy from the AGN luminosity alone, thus providing a powerful indirect method of estimating black hole masses in even distant AGNs.


Background: Blue honeysuckle (BH; Lonicera caerulea L.), which is a traditional medicinal plant, is known to be a rich source of anthocyanins and phenolic acids due to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Its anti-obesity effects, which are a result of attenuating abnormal lipid and glucose metabolisms, have also been reported.
Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of BH on genes and proteins that are involved in the adipocyte differentiation using 3T3-L1 cells.
Methods: The effects of the water extracts of the BH were examined on adipogenesis and lipolysis using a biochemical and molecular analysis of the 3T3-L1 cells.
Results: Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) from the BH extract was determined in order to contain 1.67 mg/g by the high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. The lipid accumulation in the adipocytes was reduced, which ranged from 58 to 26% in the BH (500 and 1,000 µg/mL) compared to the control group. The lipolysis that was measured by the glycerol content was not affected by the BH at 1,000 μg/mL. The BH downregulated the expression of the main transcription factors of the adipogenesis pathway, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, 1, 2, adipose differentiation-related protein, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, and acetyl CoA carboxylase, while increasing the expression of the Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase α.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that the BH is a good source of C3G, and it could be effective in regard to inhibiting the adipogenesis as opposed to the lipolysis, which indicates the potential for natural anti-obesity ingredients.


Based on core and well test data of the heterogeneous reservoirs,logging data has been processed and parameters including oil-bearing area,netpay,porosity,initial and remaining oil saturation etc.have been calculated.It ntents to expound using seismic-log inversion method to capture the heterogeneity features of the reservoirs with the assistance of workstation and multi-disciplinary teamwork,and using volumetric method to calculate OOIP.


Understanding the magnetic properties of materials used in accelerator components is becoming increasingly important. For example, in the upcoming LHC upgrade at CERN, higher luminosity will boost the radiation dose received by the accelerator magnet's coil and consequently decrease its lifespan. Hence, a radiation shield with relative permeability less than 1.005 is required for some of the magnets closest to the detectors. The goal of this research is the design and validation of a new method for characterizing weakly magnetic materials, suitable to be used in quality control of series production. The proposed method is based on inverse analysis approach coupled with a finite-element model. A material with unknown permeability is inserted in the air gap of a dipole magnet and the consequent perturbations of the dipole background flux density are measured. The relative magnetic permeability is then identified through gray-box inverse modeling, based on a finite-element approach.


Fossil resources can be conserved by the use of renewable resources, primarily wood, either for the generation of energy or by the production of synthetic polymers using renewable materials as feedstocks. The sources of renewable resources for energy generation are summarized. The forms of energy generation possible from biomass are discussed. The production of chemicals and polymers from biomass is somewhat limited but still of conservation value. The chemical and by-product potential of renewable resources is evaluated. Production of chemicals by gasification is also briefly considered. (JSR)


Abstract Membrane microdomain association of the glycosphingolipids (GSLs) globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer) and globotetraosylceramide (Gb4Cer), the highly and less effective receptors, respectively, for Shiga toxins (Stxs), is assumed as a functional requirement for Stx-mediated cytotoxicity. In a previous study, we demonstrated predominant localization of Stx receptors in cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains of moderately Stx-sensitive human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) by means of detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs). Here we report a different preferential distribution of Stx receptors in non-DRM fractions of human glomerular microvascular endothelial cells (GMVECs), the major targets of Stxs in the human kidney. Full structural characterization of Stx receptors using electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry revealed Gb3Cer and Gb4Cer lipoforms with ceramide moieties mainly composed of C24:0/C24:1 or C16:0 fatty acid and sphingosine (d18:1) in GMVECs comparable to those previously found in HBMECs. Thin-layer chromatography immunostaining demonstrated an approximately 2-fold higher content of Gb3Cer and a 1.4-fold higher content of Gb4Cer in GMVECs than in HBMECs. However, this does not explain the remarkable higher cytotoxic action of Stx1 and Stx2 toward GMVECs as compared with HBMECs. Our finding opens new questions on the microdomain association of Stx receptors and the functional role of GSLs in the membrane assembly of GMVECs.


Fiber treating wounds comprising a base fiber having a material chitosan, chitin or chitan associated therewith, wherein the fiber treating wounds has from 1 to 30% by weight of chitosan, chitin or chitan associated thereto, breaking chitosan, chitin or fragments chitan to provide chitosan, chitin or chitan lower molecular weight, and because the fiber wound treatment can release chitosan, chitin or chitan.


This paper introduces a hybrid wave-current energy converter (HWCEC) that simultaneously harvests energy from current and waves. Wave energy is extracted through relative heaving motion between a floating buoy and a fully submerged second body. Current energy is extracted using a hydro turbine. A mechanical motion rectifier (MMR) based on one-way clutches merges the separate current and wave power inputs and converts bidirectional, up-and-down wave input motion into unidirectional rotation of the generator shaft through different engagement statuses of the set of one-way clutches. A time domain simulation is conducted with hydrodynamic coefficients obtained from computational fluid dynamics software and boundary element software. Simulation results show an improvement in output energy and peak to average ratio compared to both turbine and point absorber wave energy converters acting individually.


The adsorption process of Mo(Ⅵ) by D301R resin is investigated. The results show that 3.5 is the optimum pH for the adsorption. The statically saturated sorption capacity is 755mg/g-resin. The adsorption rate constant is k298 = 2.17×10-5s-1.The adsorption behaⅥor of D301R resin for Mo(Ⅵ) obeys the Freundlich isotherm. The enthalpy change of adsorption, △H2g% is 34.0kJ·mol-1. The apparent adsorption activation energy of D301R for Mo( Ⅵ) is 56.5 kJ· mol-1. Molar ratio of the functional group of D301R to Mo( Ⅵ) is 1:2. Mo(Ⅵ) adsorbed on D301R resin can be desorbed by 5% NH4Cl-10%NH3·H2O.


The City of Casey is in the south east growth area of Melbourne and has the most residents of any municipality in Victoria. It remains one of the fastest growing regions in Australia with approximately 283,000 residents, with large-scale population growth predicted over the next few decades.


Isopropylnoradrenaline sulphate (isoprenaline) is a sympathomimetic drug having an action predominantly on the ,B-receptors of the sympathetic system (Moran, 1963). It has been shown in normal man to have positive inotropic and chrono-tropic actions on the myocardium, producing increases in heart rate, stroke volume


Point estimation is a relatively unexplored facet of sonification. We present a new computer application, the Audio Abacus, designed to transform numbers into tones following the analogy of an abacus. As this is an entirely novel approach to sonifying exact data values, we have begun a systematic line of investigation into the application settings that work most effectively. Results are presented for an initial study. Users were able to perform relatively well with very little practice or training, boding well for this type of display. Further investigations are planned. This could prove to be very useful for visually impaired individuals given the common nature of numerical data in everyday settings.


How do local politics shape national political competition in Africa? This article explores opposition party formation in Nigeria, where citizens voted out the People ' s Democratic Party in 2015 after 16 years in power. Existing analyses attribute the victory of the All Progressives Congress to issues such as corruption, terrorism, and declining economic performance. Drawing upon fi eld research in Abuja and Rivers, a key opposition state, this article argues that the institutional environment also played a role. Federalism provided the nascent All Progressives Congress with a partisan basis for subnational interest coordination. Rivers ' governor leveraged his authority over local governments to challenge the federal government, linking local struggles to broader states ' rights. The People ' s Democratic Party unsuccessfully attempted to deter defections and subvert subnational challenges through court cases and other means. More than just a mechanism for resource distribution, representation, or con fl ict mediation, Nigeria ' s federalism has emerged as an instrument of party organizing.


A case of spontaneous rupture of the ureter with Cushing's syndrome is presented. The fragility of the tissue in Cushing's syndrome is thought to render the ureter more susceptible to rupture.


Allyl tetronates 1 thermally rearrange to stable 3-(spirocyclopropyl)dihydrofuran-2,4-diones 2 (R3 = H, Aryl), which can be ring-opened with O-, N-, S- and C-nucleophiles to give 3-substituted tetronic acids 3−7. Compounds 2 with R3 = Alkyl are not isolable, but are interceptable intermediates in formal [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangements of allyl tetronates. The vinylogous hexadienyl tetronate 17 undergoes a different domino [3,5]-rearrangement/cyclization reaction to give the 2H,5H-furano[4,3-b]oxepin-6-one 19. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)


The objective of this paper is to construct an analytic framework for the interaction of man with the environment. The term anthroposystem is proposed as the name for the interacting functional unit produced by man for the purpose of maintaining his own civilization. Recognition of the concept of the anthroposystem would be helpful in understanding and analyzing the issues presented by environmental problems. DEFINITION AND COMPONENTS OF THE ANTHROPOSYSTEM The study of man and his environment covers a very broad range of subjects. The human environment, for example, includes the combination of physical and biological conditions that affect and influence man, and the complex of social and cultural conditions affecting the nature of an individual or community. Thus, in order to study man and his environment one would need to know biology, chemistry, physics, sociology, psychology, medicine, geology, geography, economics, engineering, law, or just about all of the disciplines in a university curriculum. It is suggested that, for academic convenience we disregard the distinction between man and his environment and consider, instead; man and his environment as an interacting unit called the anthroposystem. The system is a functional and structural unit of interwoven and overlapping hierarchies of organization which maintain human civilization. We can then divide the anthroposystem into components on the basis of what they do to influence


Developing reading comprehension ability is an important research aspect in the acquisition of a foreign language. The present study focuses on the effects of grammar-translation method (GTM) and task-based language teaching (TBLT) on Chinese college students' reading comprehension. Two classes of students taught by the teacher researcher in China West Normal University participated in the current study with GTM class as the control group and TBLT class as the experimental group. The subjects in the control group were taught through GTM with a bottom-up model and those in the experimental group exposed to TBLT with the three-stage model proposed by Willis (1996). The two groups of subjects received the treatment of a pre-test, reading instruction by using the two teaching methods for twelve weeks and a post-test. The subjects were first given a pre-test (the reading section of a College English Test-Band 4) in order to ensure that they were homogeneous regarding reading comprehension at the outset. Then, reading comprehension was taught to the subjects in the two classes by using the two different teaching methods. Independent Samples T-test and Paired Sample T-test were used to analyze the collected data. The data analysis using Paired Sample T-test showed that both classes improved their reading comprehension. The data analysis using Independent Samples T-test revealed that the subjects in TBLT class outperformed those in GTM class in the post-test, which means that TBLT has been more effective than GTM in teaching reading comprehension to Chinese college students. This study can have pedagogical implications for teachers and researchers in teaching reading to college students in China.


The purpose of this research is to increase student activeness and learning achievement in science learning life cycle material with metamorphosis using the Everyone is Teacher here method. This type of research is school action research which is carried out in 2 cycles and in each cycle consisting of 2 meetings with four stages, namely (1) planning, (2) implementation of action (action), 3) observation, ( 4) reflection (reflection). The research subjects were grade IV SDN 9 Melai with a total of 18 students. Data collection techniques using test techniques, observation and documentation. The data validation was done by triangulation. Data analysis used in this study was descriptive analysis of the percentage technique. The results showed that the increase in student activity in the initial study was only 6 students or 33.33%, increased to 12 students or 66.67% in the first cycle, and 100% or 18 students in the second cycle. This is also supported by the increase in student learning outcomes from the average in the initial study of only 57.78, up to 67.72 in the first cycle, and 77.22 in the second cycle, with a level of learning completeness of 3 students (16.67%) In the initial study, 66.67% or 12 students in the first cycle, 16 students or 88.89% in the second cycle, so it can be concluded that all indicators and criteria for the success of the learning improvement process have been met and achieved in the second cycle. From these data, it can be seen that the application of the one is teacher method is proven to increase the activeness and achievement of science learning in life materials with the fourth grade metamorphosis of SDN9 Melai semester 2 of the 2018/2019 academic year.Keywords: everyone is teacher here, activeness, learning achievement


Developing intercultural competence is one of the most important aspects when mastering a second language (L2, henceforth). This can be achieved through different approaches, but this paper focuses on the possibility of acquiring this skill online through the use of Didactic Audiovisual Translation (DAT). Here, we present the findings of the TRADILEX Project, which has produced data that support the ability of DAT to encourage motivation in learners while they develop integrated L2 skills in general and intercultural competence in particular through a combination of intrinsic and explicit cultural components presented in different lesson plans.


Curriculum group construction helps to strengthen the development and optimization of teaching materials,highlight the specialty,better meet the need of talents employment requirement and promote talents cultivation. Currently,there are many problems in Chinese curriculum system of logistics management in higher vocational colleges,which hold back the logistics management talents cultivation. Therefore,we should improve talents cultivation by constructing "curriculum group"of logistics management based on the idea of "foundation + major + expansion"and the objectives of talents cultivation.


This study investigated the factors that influence employee level of integrity at UMW Toyota Motor. There are three factors identified as the predictor in the study, namely, individual, organizational, and situational factors, which are expected to affect employee level of integrity. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed between October 2018 and March 2019 to all employees of UMW Toyota Motor. A total of 300 respondents were approached, and 137 (46%) questionnaires were returned for analysis. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive, correlation, and regression analysis. The finding concluded that the level of integrity among employees of UMW Toyota Motor is high. The regression analysis result showed that situational factors have significant and positively associated with the employee level of integrity. The result indicated that situational factors such as peer pressure, financial distress, leadership influence, and ethical norms at the workplace affected the integrity level of employees.


There are numerous species of fungi of which only a few are pathogenic to humans. Laboratory procedures in diagnostic mycology are directed mainly towards the direct demonstration of the pathogenic fungi in clinical specimens by microscopy along with successful isolation of pathogenic fungi by using various culture techniques. They also help in the prediction of possible therapeutic outcome by determining antifungal susceptibility and can also be used in epidemiological studies by tracing the source of infection. No single procedure may help in definitive diagnosis, since each has its own limitations. Accurate diagnosis relies heavily on a combination of microbiological, histopathological and serological evidence. There is also a need to characterize fungi quickly and accurately which can be done by rapid diagnostic techniques like antigen detection and molecular techniques. This article contains specific conventional and advanced techniques concerning a practical approach to the laboratory investigations of fungal infections.


The NIKE(RED) Lace Up, Save Lives campaign debuted during the 2010 FIFA World Cup and invoked multiple discourses of nationalism, global citizenship, and sport to promote conscious consumerism. By co-opting symbolism of Africa's first World Cup, NIKE(RED) sold activist identities through myths of postracial harmony. The global appeal of NIKE(RED) relied upon support from soccer superstars who endorsed consumerism as cool. We argue that NIKE(RED) and the subsequent INSPI(RED) partnership exemplify commodity activism and reproduce colonial stereotypes of powerful Western consumers acting as saviors in the Third World. We critically examine news, Web sites, grassroots soccer organizations, and advertisements from the United States, UK, and Italy to address the multimedia global nature of NIKE(RED) and grassroots soccer activism.


The paper presents detailed information about the localities of 21 species, new to the Pieniny Mountains. The most data concern species collected in protected areas of the Pieniny National Park.


The kinetics of dissolution of Cu, Mo, Ta, Si, GaAs, and ZnTe in liquid Te was investigated. It was found that the rate of dissolution of all the elements in liquid tellurium is limited by mass transfer in the molten solvent and is well-described a physicochemical, hydrodynamic equation which is presented. The destruction of the crystal lattice of the soluble samples and the formation of new bonds with the solvent take place relatively faster than the mass transport in liquid tellurium. The parameters for the dissolution and diffusion are determined.


A black start scheme generation and training simulation subsystem is designed on the data and graph supporting platform of DTS,to which the tables,fields and metafiles are added. It is of C/S structure and developed in Visual C++ 6.0 compiling environment. Different technologies are adopted in the communication among modules,such as the soft bus,UDP,DLL and ODBC. The extended DTS generates the black start schemes according to the power system conditions after blackout,which is checked,adjusted and evaluated,and automatically verifies the settings of the protections and automatic devices. It has the training simulation functions of power frequency overvoltage,transient overvoltage,self-excitation and frequency fluctuation. Results of Shandong power grid simulation show its good application prospect.


Instrumental observations indicate that Amazon precipitation and streamflow extremes have increased during the last 40 years, possibly due to anthropogenic changes and natural variability. How unprecedented these changes might be is difficult to determine because some paleoclimatic, instrumental, and climate model simulations suggest that Amazonian precipitation and streamflow may be subject to multidecadal variability with return intervals longer than most direct observations. A new 258‐year long tree‐ring chronology of Cedrela odorata has been developed in the eastern Amazon and has been used to reconstruct wet season precipitation totals from 1759–2016. Reconstructed drought extremes are associated with significant sea surface temperature anomalies over the tropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Strong multidecadal variance is identified in the reconstruction that may reflect a component of natural rainfall variability relevant to forest ecosystem dynamics and suggesting that recent hydroclimate changes over the eastern Amazon may not be unprecedented over the past 258 years.


October 18, 1969 munication and educational facilities has stimulated the Meos towards modernisation to a far greater extent than the urging of the Community Development organisation.


Abstract : Following reported high breathing resistance in production models of the Northill 'Air Lung' demand regulator, units were tested at EDU (Experimental Diving Unit) and found not to meet acceptance criteria. The manufacturer confirmed this and traced the defect to a faulty diaphragm mold. Modified regulators were submitted with an improved diaphragm and the reserve feature eliminated. Extensive mechanical respirator and subjective trapeze and pool tests revealed fully acceptable resistance characteristics. However, a noise-vibration condition exists at shallow depths during forced inhalation and on this basis the regulator is not accepted. A design defect in the new model, Northill 'ON-OFF' mouthpiece is also noted. (Author)


90 • Teaching Statistics. Volume 28, Number 3, Autumn 2006 © 2006 The Authors Journal compilation © 2006 Teaching Statistics Trust Blackwell Publishing Ltd Oxford, UK TEST eaching Statistics 0141-982X © Teaching Sta stics Trust 2006 Autum 2006 28 3St istica Diversion TA ISTICAL DIVERSIONS Peter Petocz and Eric Sowey Macquarie University, Sydney and The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.


The need for infrastructure repair and modernization in the United States, with particular attention given to bridge safety, is the focus of the article. The author offers detailed discussion of long-span bridge structures, operations and maintenance, inspection requirements, funding, and 21st century challenges. Issues, such as financial requirements needed to overcome decades of underinvestment, and national tolling implementation, are given.


Our country is still dependent on imports for most of its needs in cryogenic refrigerators and liquefiers. These products are proprietary in nature which makes it very expensive for its cost and maintenance. With support from the Department of Atomic Energy, our institute has initiated a program on development and study of a nitrogen liquefier of intermediate capacity in the range of 10-50 liters/hr by using technologies already developed in our country. The process is based on a suitable modified Claude cycle which minimizes the number of heat exchangers and also takes care to accommodate the in house developed turbo expander. The thermodynamic parameters (temperature, pressure, pinch point temperature) and rate of mass flow are evaluated to obtain the required designing specifications for each component. The main objective of this report is to model all the components that are to be placed inside the vessel using CAD software and make an assembly so that all the components are placed properly inside the vessel and then connect pipes between components according to the design specifications.


importance in the contemporary context of Italian politics as it is as well as it is narrated. Yes, politics is communication, but when communication gains the upper hand can one say that politics backslides, that it is 'swallowed' by the old and the new media? Sofia Ventura does a good, though very compressed, job in highlighting the main features of Renzi's, Salvini's, and Conte's communication styles. Political success constructed on the ability to communicate seems to be quite fragile, says Ventura. But, perhaps, contemporary Italian leaders know no other way to acquire votes and power. Hence they run the risk of getting carried away in their communication performances. Cynically, they have decided that it is better to win some power for a short period of time through unscrupulous narratives than to invest time and energy in the organization of politics with no guarantee of success. This has been the dilemma of most Italian political leaders for the past twenty-five years and more. If, when and where politics is bad, of poor quality, disappointing and is seen as an obstacle to change, anti-politics is more than justified. It is a moral obligation. But what really is antipolitics? Dino Cofrancesco is quite convincing in his criticisms of both the concept of antipolitics and its sloppy use by too many absent-minded scholars. It is not that because we chastise what we do not like in the politics of our times and we put the blame on our representatives and governmental leaders because of what they do, do not do or do poorly that we are to be labelled 'anti-political'. Only those who advocate the disappearance of politics, who claim that politics is useless, corrupt, and dangerous, that it is a sham, who believe that the world would be a better place without politics and politicians are truly antipolitical. In sum, I would put it this way: anti-politics is alive and well and it thrives wherever there is enough bad politics. However, the very existence of anti-politics constitutes the best signal that politics occupies a lot of (emotional and rational) space. No matter how one defines and redefines Anti-system politics (intelligently analysed by Jonathan Hopkin, in a book subtitled, The Crisis of Market Liberalism in Rich Democracies, Oxford University Press, 2020, in which there is long section devoted to Italy) its meaning is clear. In order to transform a national political system that we do not like and to create a better international system one has to rely on politics and the many instruments available in the political sphere. The horizon of politics is ahead of us. Hegel's owl of Minerva has still to spread its wings on politics.


The Internet is a "network of networks".1 The e¤ectiveness of the Internet crucially depends on the interconnection among individual networks, which display a hierarchical structure (see Figure 1). At the bottom of the hierarchy, individuals and business enterprises use end-systems to connect to local Internet Service Providers (ISPs) through an access network. Local ISPs are connected to regional ISPs, which, in turn, serve as an interface point to the backbone layer. The backbone layer, which is the highest tier in the hierarchy, is built up by multiple interconnected backbone providers. There is a high concentration in the upstream backbone market, and it is well recognized that when the intermediary good –access to the backbone network– is not provided competitively, incentives for vertical control may arise. In the Internet industry there are externalities that are derived from its vertical structure. Moreover, the industry is characterized by substantial network externalities. The bene...ts from network externalities do not depend only on the number of interconnected existing and potential subscribers, but also on the quality of this interconnection. In particular, real time services over the Internet (e.g. Internet telephony, video conferencing, etc.) can be enjoyed only if a good quality of interconnection is realized.2 In this paper I analyze how network externalities and the externalities due to the vertical structure may interact in networks' decisions for pricing and quality ¤I am grateful to Lynne Holt for her helpful suggestions. I also thank Johannes Bauer, Sanford Berg, Marc Bourreau and Mark Jamison for their comments and suggestions. The usual disclaimer applies. yE-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 1 The term "network of networks" was ...st introduced by Eli M. Noam, and is extensively employed to de...ne the structure of the Internet. 2 Reasons of poor quality other than strategic decisions (e.g. congestion, suboptimal routing) are beyond the scope of this paper.


Based on the attitudinal system of appraisal theory and the semantic annotation method from corpus study,this paper aims to discover the parameter features of Chinese online commentaries in building up their sentiment meanings. It is found that multi sentiment parameters work together during the sentiment expression of Chinese online commentaries. This annotated corpus will not only provide rich structured semantic sentiment resources for Chinese sentiment computation to facilitate machine learning,opinion extraction and summarization, but also offer a new multi-parameter operation system for present Chinese sentiment annotation work in computer science and linguistics domains.


This work was carried out with the objective of elaborating a proposal for a sensory tourism route of art and culture for the FIAVL, based on a selection of attractions under specific criteria of: availability, accessibility, safety, in addition to their relationship with the senses and how these senses are perceived in an attraction by the tourist; this is how the attractions that will act as the basis of this route were chosen. Based on these, together with the bibliographic review and the visitor's opinion or demand, the sensory tourism activities were defined; the second important factor for the route.  With these two factors, we proceeded to design the "Sensory Route: Feel Loja", a cultural tourism route that involves the five senses: sight, touch, smell, taste and hearing. The attractions are related to activities that stimulate these senses, and at the same time allow the visitor to learn more about the history and culture of the city of Loja. The methodology proposed for this research work was of the exploratory type, since no route of this type has been carried out in the city, and it also has a quantitative and qualitative approach. Bibliographic consultations were carried out, survey of tourist attractions: data sheet adapted to the methodology of the MINTUR and technical data sheets of the INPC, data collection through survey technique and Focus Group, among others.


ABS TRACT Primary tumors of the diaphragm are rare. Isolated intradiaphragmatic bronchogenic cyst is extremely rare. We report a case of intradiaphragmatic bronchogenic cyst with a 55-yearold woman presenting with left upper abdomen pain symptoms. Imaging studies of the chest, com puterized tomography (CT) revealed a left posterior mediastinal mass that abutted into the left diaphragmatic crus and showed no enhancement after contrast administration on CT. A postero lateral thoracotomy was performed including partial diaphragmatic resection. The histopathologi cal examination revealed a diagnosis of bronchogenic cyst.


A frequently-discussed topic in the field of rhetoric,the principle of rhetoric has been explored by many scholars from various points of view.This paper addresses the issue from the perspective of language construction,arguing that,as language construction has much to do with rhetoric,the latter should observe the principles of normalization and politeness,so as to play its due roles in language construction and to facilitate its own development.


The distribution of the vertical loads of the axles and the air pressure in the front and rear tires have an influence on the kinematic discrepancy between the front and rear driving wheels during the exploitation of the 4 WD tractor. The kinematic discrepancy between the front and rear driving axle has an influence on fuel efficiency on the 4 WD driven tractors, too. The performance of 4 WD driven tractors during transport work on the graveled road is analyzed in this paper. The interaction of the different air pressure of the front and rear driving wheels with the road surface is analyzed in this paper. There are shown the results of the experimental investigation of the kinematic discrepancy influence on fuel efficiency during exploitation of the 4 WD driven tractor on the graveled road in this paper.


OF THE DISCLOSURE The description discloses a directional control System for an underwater vehicle which operates by altering the center of gravity of the vehicle. The control system may include a generally circular tube which is adapted to be mounted to the vehicle about its vertical axis. A pair of discrete weights may be slidably disposed within the tube and these weights may be shifted to various positions with in the tube by a fluid. A means for selectively displacing this fluid may be provided. Upon selectively moving these weights the vehicle center of gravity is changed so as to cause directional control as it traverses the Water. The present invention relates to a control system for a vehicle such as an underwater vehicle and more partic ularly to a directional control system for a vehicle oper ated by altering the position of the center of gravity of the control system and, therefore, of the vehicle. Man has long desired to go to the bottom of the ocean to there explore a new and beautiful World. The most ef fective apparatus of exploration known to date is the small underwater vehicle having an ability to withstand very high pressures and also having an ability to maneuver easily. Such vehicles have been built by several countries of the world and are now doing exploration in some of the deep est parts of our oceans. Control systems of underwater vehicles now in use de pend primarily on displacement of heavy fluids between reservoirs located in different sections of the vehicle. In the usual case the heavy fluid is mercury which is trans ferable between two oppositely placed reservoirs. More complicated systems consist of several reservoirs, for ex ample, three reservoirs placed generally in a triangular pattern and having the mercury transferred between the three reservoirs as desired. In the case of transferring mer cury between two reservoirs the center of gravity of the control system is positionable only along a geometric straight line drawn between the two reservoirs. In the case of the more complicated triangular shaped control system, the center of gravity of the system is movable anywhere within a geometric area defined by the three reservoirs, that is, within the triangle. The main difficulties and dis advantages of the prior art are the inability to accurately locate the center of gravity of the system and the great difficulty in shifting the center of gravity since a very com plex pumping and conduit System is necessary to relocate the heavy mercury. The present invention is a step forward in the area of vehicle directional control. The invention is capable of op erating on such diverse items as underwater vehicles, ver tical takeoff and landing aircraft, space-craft within a gravitational field or any other packaged device where it is desired to have the ability to alter the device's attitude to keep it static or relatively positioned. The system is sim ple to construct, extremely reliable and the center of gravity can be shifted very quickly and very accurately to a desired position. The present invention achieves these advantages by providing a guide means upon which a dis crete weight is movable to a desired position along the 0


This paper reviews diverse IP mobility and fast handover mechanisms for seamless Internet services. Especially, fast handover mechanisms for the Proxy Mobile IPv6( PMIPv6) are categorized according to their approaches. Then, a new fast handover PMIPv6(FH-PMIPv6) mechanism is proposed using only L3 signaling message exchange. In the proposed FH-PMIPv6 mechanism, only local mobility anchor(LMA) exchanges L3 signaling messages with mobility access gateways(MAGs) for the fast handover operation. That is, inter-MAG signalling messages are not required for the fast handover operation. Therefore, unlike existing fast handover mechanisms, two relevant neighbouring MAGs need not set up the security association(SA) to protect fast handover related signaling messages and share SA related information. Moreover, the L3 triggering message is defined newly by standard ICMPv6 to trigger promptly the proposed mechanism. Analysis and comparison of the handover latency are performed for the proposed mechanism and existing mechanisms, which shows that the proposed FH-PMIPv6 mechanism has the favorable performance.


The first Suzuki―Miyaura reactions of N-protected tribromopyrazoles are reported. Their reaction with three, two, or one equivalents of arylboronic acids afforded 3,4,5-triarylpyrazoles, 3,5-diaryl-4-bromopyrazoles, or 5-aryl-3,4-dibromopyrazoles, respectively. All reactions proceeded with very good site-selectivity.


The incompressibility (compression modulus) K0 of infinite symmetric nuclear matter at saturation density has become one of the major constraints on mean-field models of nuclear many-body systems as well as of models of high density matter in astrophysical objects and heavy-ion collisions. It is usually extracted from data on the Giant Monopole Resonance (GMR) or calculated using theoretical models. We present a comprehensive re-analysis of recent data on GMR energies in even-even Sn and Cd and earlier data on 58 ≤ A ≤ 208 nuclei. The incompressibility of finite nuclei KA is calculated from experimental GMR energies and expressed in terms of A −1/3 and the asymmetry parameter β = (N-Z)/A as a leptodermous expansion with volume, surface, isospin and Coulomb coefficients Kvol, Ksurf , Kτ and Kcoul. Only data consistent with the scaling approximation, leading to a fast converging leptodermous expansion, with negligible higher-order-term contributions to KA, were used in the present analysis. Assuming that the volume coefficient Kvol is identified with K0, the Kcoul = -(5.2 ± 0.7) MeV and the contribution from the curvature term KcurvA −2/3 in the expansion is neglected, compelling evidence is found for K0 to be in the range 250 < K0 < 315 MeV, the ratio of the surface and volume coefficients c = Ksurf/Kvol to be between -2.4 and -1.6 and Kτ between -840 and -350 MeV. In addition, estimation of the volume and surface parts of the isospin coefficient Kτ , Kτ,v and Kτ,s, is presented. We show that the generally accepted value of K0 = (240 ± 20) MeV can be obtained from the fits provided c ∼ -1, as predicted by the majority of mean-field models. However, the fits are significantly improved if c is allowed to vary, leading to a range of K0, extended to higher values. The results demonstrate the importance of nuclear surface properties in determination of K0 from fits to the leptodermous expansion of KA . A self-consistent simple (toy) model has been developed, which shows that the density dependence of the surface diffuseness of a vibrating nucleus plays a major role in determination of the ratio Ksurf/Kvol and yields predictions consistent with our findings.


Biomolecular analysis apparatus of the present invention is the biological molecule analysis apparatus for analyzing the dynamic behavior of biological molecules, corresponding to at least one observation region of a biological sample comprising biological molecules held measurable state an image obtaining unit for obtaining an image, a designation means for designating an arbitrary point on the acquired image by the image acquiring unit, a measuring point at a position point on the sample corresponding to the point specified by this specifying means analysis and arrangement means for arranging as continuously match, a measuring means for measuring a signal derived from the arranged measured points in the locating means on the dynamic information of the measured substance, the results of measurement by the measuring means and comprises analyzing means for the.


Technetium-99m human serum albumin, in vitro Tc-99m red blood cells, and in vivo Tc-99m red blood cells are clinically useful for cardiac blood pool imaging. The characteristics of each of these radiopharmaceuticals are described and some advantages and disadvantages of each are indicated. A table of considerations is presented for choosing a radiopharmaceutical for cardiac blood pool imaging.


Background: While chronic transfusion therapy can signficantly reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with hemoglonbinopathies, transfusion is not without risk. Differences in red blood cell (RBC) antigen distributions between donors and recipients can result in the development of RBC alloantibodies, which can make it difficult, if not impossible, to find compatible blood. As a result, heavily alloimmunized individuals experience greater morbidity and mortality than those who do not possess RBC-induced alloantibodies. While incompatible RBC transfusion can result in fatal hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs), these adverse events are not the invariable outcome of incompatible transfusion. Although a variety of factors likely contribute to the likilihood of developing a HTR following incompatible RBC transfusion, variability in the density of the donor antigen may contribute to different outcomes. Using a novel model that utilizes RBC donors with different levels of the KEL antigen, we sought to directly examine the impact of antigen density on RBC clearance following incompatible RBC transfusion. Methods: Wild type C57BL/6 mice (WT) were passively immunized with anti-KEL serum, generated following immunization of WT recipients with KEL RBCS, 2 hours prior to incompatible KEL RBC transfusion. RBC collected from previously generated KEL transgenic mice that express high (KELhi), intermediate (KELmed), and low (KELlo) levels of human KEL glycoprotein antigen, were labeled with chloromethylbenzamido 1,19-dioctadecyl-3,3,39,39-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI), while WT RBC were labeled with fluorescently distinct 3,39-dihexadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate (DiO) to facilitate detection post-transfusion. Passively immunized recipient WT mice were transfused with labeled KEL RBC to WT RBC. Percent KEL RBC survival was measured using flow cytometric analysis at various time points post transfusion by comparing the DiI to DiO ratio. Bound antibody, complement and the KEL antigen were assessed by staining cells with anti-Ig, anti-C3 and anti-KEL followed by flow cytometric analysis. Results: Transfusion of RBCs expressing low, intermediate or high levels of the KEL antigen into non-immunized mice failed to result in any detectable alteration in RBC survival or KEL expression. However, transfusion of KELlo, KELmed and KELhi RBCs into anti-KEL immunized recipients resulted in differential clearance of each population, with KELhi experiencing the most clearance, followed by KELmed and KELlo. Similarly, the level of detectable C3 and bound antibody on KEL positive cells likewise correlated with the initial level of KEL antigen expression, with more C3 and IgG being detected on the surface of KELhi following transfusion into immunized recipients, than KELmed or KELlo. However, KELhi RBCs also experience the most significant alterations in KEL antigen levels following antibody engagement. Regardless of the KEL positive RBC transfused, each population developed a relatively rapid state of resistance to additional anti-KEL-mediated RBC removal. Conclusions: Our results indicate that lower antigen densities may be less efficient in not only facilitating rapid clearance of RBCs following incompatible transfusion, but also antibody-induced antigen modulation. While KELhi RBCs displayed the greatest degree of clearance and antigen modulation, each population developed resistance to antibody-mediate removal, suggesting that once RBC antigen levels fall below a certain threshold, clearance discontinues, regardless of the initial levels of antigen prior to incompatible transfusion. Taken together, these results suggest that antigen density may provide an additional feature of RBC transfusion that may impact the outcome of incompatible transfusion in heavily alloimmunized recipients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The problem of the nature of free and checked vowels in the gallo-roman popular speech has recently been made the subject of an article published by Dr. L. E. Menger, in Publications of the Modern Language Association, x, pp. 306-341. His conclusions are that vowels are free when ' they develop: a > e, ẉ > oi, e > ie, ọ > ou, o > ue;' that they are checked when 'they retain their original forms,' and that those cases which cannot be included in either category are neither free nor checked, and are to be grouped under the general term of 'secondary developments.' It is evident that such a division begs the question at issue. The solution offered must be rejected in toto and has already received a categorical answer by Behrens in Z. f. R. Ph., xxi, p. 304. The question is however of sufficient importance to merit new consideration, and I shall try to outline in the following pages the direction in which its solution must be sought. The history of the terms free and checked and of their grammatical signification will serve as a suitable basis for the argument.


An overview of the current government sponsored work in laser propulsion is presented and the NASA program is discussed. Attention is given to the overall NASA plan in laser propulsion and the laser rocket engine technology program. Some results of an analytical effort at Physical Sciences Inc. are presented, as well as results of the NASA/Army Missile Command experimental effort. Finally, future plans are briefly summarized.


The load deformation curve in uniaxial tension, for pseudoelastic materials (materials with shape memory effects) is characterized by a hysteresis in a process of loading and unloading. On the basis of this results we proposed in [1] a moment curvature relation that describes pure bending (bending by couples) of a memory wire. Recently, in [3] a series of experimental results were reported on pure and three point bending of memory wires. In this work we shall discuss the possibility of using the moment curvature relation obtained in [1] to describe the three point bending problem and the problem of stability of axially loaded wire of memory material. 1. Background It is known that in some temperature ranges the shape memory alloys, such as nickeltitanium (NiTi), exhibit pseudoelasticity. Thus, in that temperature range the typical stress-strain Figure 1 The loading path proceeds along the line "0-1-2-3". The unloading from the point "3" proceeds along the line "3-4-5-0" leading thus to a hysteresis loop. If in the loading path we reach only the point "6" and then start unloading, the unloading path is shown by the line "6-7-5-0". Within the hysteresis loop the behavior may be more complicated than those shown in Fig. 1. For example in the case of isothermal deformation of CuZnAl single crystal, in the pseudoelastic


Coenurosis, a parasitic affection rarely observed in man, is due to the presence in the tissues of larval forms of Taenias that live in certain domestic or wild carnivorous animals during their adult stage. The disease was confirmed in a young Senegalese patient after surgical excision of a cyst from the lateral side of the neck. Pathological and epidemiological data suggest that the affection is due to Taenia serialis serialis.


In this paper, we propose a system to transmit multiple 3D embedded wavelet video programs over downlink multiuser OFDM. We consider the fairness among users and formulate the problem as minimizing the users' maximal distortion subject to power, rate, and subcarrier constraints. By exploring frequency, time, and multiuser diversity in OFDM and flexibility of the 3D embedded wavelet video codec, the proposed algorithm can achieve fair video qualities among all users. Compared to a scheme similar to the current multiuser OFDM standard (IEEE 802.11a), the proposed scheme outperforms it by 1-5 dB on the worst received PSNR among all users and has much smaller PSNR deviation.


The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of macroeconomic factors (exchange rate, inflation, interest rates for Bank Indonesia Certificates, world oil prices) on stock returns with profitability (return on assets) as an intervening variable in mining sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015 -2019. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from monthly and annual data published by Bank Indonesia, the Indonesia Stock Exchange, and the Energy Information Administration (EIA) and processed using Path Analysis with SmartPLS 3.0. The results showed that macroeconomics (exchange rate of Rp/US$, inflation, SBI interest rates, world oil prices) and ROA had a direct significant effect on stock returns in the mining sector on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Macroeconomics (Rp/US$ exchange rate, inflation and world oil prices) have an indirect and significant indirect effect on Stock Return of the mining sector on the IDX, while the SBI interest rate has a significant indirect effect on Stock Return of the mining sector on the IDX.


We assessed prospectively whether residual cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) after treatment for high‐grade CIN can be predicted by genotype‐specific high‐risk HPV (HR‐HPV) detection in follow‐up cervical scrapes. A broad spectrum, highly sensitive SPF10‐LiPA‐PCR HPV detection technique was used on cervical scrapes before large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ), on the LLETZ biopsy and on follow‐up scrapes of 90 patients treated for high‐grade CIN. HR‐HPV was detected in the biopsies of 93% (n = 84) of the patients and in the follow‐up scrapes of 48% (n = 43) of the patients. In 12 patients, genotype‐specific HR‐HPV persistence was detected in both follow‐up scrapes. In 10 patients, residual CIN was detected. In 5 of these patients (including all patients with residual CIN 3), the follow‐up scrapes showed genotype‐specific HR‐HPV persistence. In 2 patients, a different HR‐HPV was detected, and 3 patients had HR‐HPV‐negative follow‐up scrapes. Conventional cytologic follow‐up was abnormal in 13 patients including all 10 patients with residual CIN. The negative predictive value (NPV) of HR‐HPV detection on follow‐up scrapes was high (94%). Repeat detection of genotype‐specific HR‐HPV showed a lower sensitivity and NPV than repeat detection of any HR‐HPV, but its specificity was higher. Repeat conventional cytologic follow‐up showed the highest sensitivity and NPV. In conclusion, the presence of HR‐HPV in cervical scrapes after LLETZ for high‐grade CIN is a risk factor for the presence of residual CIN. HR‐HPV genotype‐specific persistence is specifically present in patients with residual CIN 3. However, HR‐HPV detection cannot predict or exclude the presence of residual CIN in the individual patient and additional procedures remain necessary. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The study of the difluoromethylation of various indole derivatives containing both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups was carried out. N-Difluoromethyl derivatives of indole with methoxy, methyl, nitro, cyano, amino groups and bromine atom were isolated and fully characterized.


Deconstruction is not the anarchy,or the design methodology of arbitrariness.All factors of deconstruction building are seemingly chaotic,but within the overall structure of factors and considerations are highly rational.The article is precisely discusses the influence of deconstruction based on a such master line the construction theory.


On reading Wuthering Heights one's attention is drawn immediately by Emily Bronte's regard for external fact, and to the animate and detailed observation which characterises her novel. That this is born out of an intense love for some special point of earth, and, more than that, out of a subtle affinity with it, there can be no doubt. In this book one appreciates to the full the singular absorption of an author with her material to a degree uncommon in the whole range of literature. 1


The Ukrainian state is a country with centuries-old history, on her walks of life unique sights of architectural inheritance are kept. Prykarpattya counts 3944 sights of cultural heritage, from what 1443 are the objects of sights of architecture, 90 sights are the objects of national value, other 1353 are local.
Two monuments of sacred architecture are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List: the Church of the Holy Spirit in 1598 in Rohatyn and the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1808 in the village of Nyzhnii Verbizh, Kolomyia district.
The basis of the development of the state is the preservation of cultural heritage, because it is a kind of engine of socio-cultural development of each nation. Preservation can be carried out by protecting, including material elements in modern urban planning, maintaining and monitoring the state of preservation and functioning of the cultural heritage object.
The material part of the architectural heritage includes: urban planning systems, buildings and structures, anthropogenic landscapes, monuments of architecture, urban planning, monumental art, archeology, etc. The intangible part of the architectural heritage includes: professional experience, concepts theoretical views and ideas accumulated by the people and fixed in any form.
Issues related to the protection and preservation of architectural heritage are regulated by the Convention for the Protection of European Architectural Heritage, which was ratified in 2006.
The issue of assessing the architectural heritage is spelled out in the Law of Ukraine "On the Protection of Cultural Heritage", which states that each architectural monument is an object of real estate and is subject to monetary valuation, since it carries property value.
The article describes the number of architectural objects that we refer to as cultural monuments of national importance and on the example of several of them described their current state of preservation and architecture, as we see most of the architectural monuments need restoration.
In the article, we analysed the methodology for assessing the state of preservation of architectural monuments and methods of monetary valuation of architectural objects and determined that none of them takes into account the historical value of the architectural heritage object, so we proposed to identify and take into account the following main criteria for evaluating an architectural monument: construction period, historical memory of the object, location of the object, tourist potential, socio-cultural object, uniqueness of the object, authenticity of the object.
It is necessary to take into account the historical aspect in the methods of assessment, first of all, in order for people to realize the importance of preserving and protecting architectural objects.
Keywords: architectural monument, state of preservation of architectural heritage, assessment of architectural heritage objects.


Elusive Pirates, Pervasive Smugglers: Violence and Clandestine Trade in the Greater China Seas, edited by Robert J. Antony. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2010. xvi + 201 pp. HK$295.00/US$45.00 (hardcover). This book attempts to examine the dynamics of piracy, smuggling and maritime security around the China seas over the past six centuries. This is a challenging research agenda, as pirates and smugglers left few records and often used extreme measures to ensure their anonymity. Nevertheless, the authors manage to piece together detailed case studies to document an elusive but pervasive phenomenon. In the introductory chapter, Robert Antony contends that both pirates and smugglers were motivated primarily by economic gain. "Tens of thousands of poor, marginalized fishermen and sailors became involved both directly and indirectly in piracy, especially during periods of instability and economic decline" (p. 13). "Whenever food prices increased", said one of the Qing literati, "so too did piracy" (p. 91). Pirates and smugglers may have differed primarily in the methods used to obtain their trade goods, but often used the same networks in disposing of their contraband. In his chapter on "Violence at Sea: Unpacking 'Piracy' in the Claims of States over Asian Seas", Anthony Reid provides a political epistemology of the term "piracy". He quotes a perceptive Ming official, who observed, "when trade is permitted, pirates become merchants. When trade is prohibited, merchants convert to pirates" (p. 17). European states, on the other hand, "could and did license private shipowners to raid the shipping of those considered enemies during times of war, which they deemed legitimate privateering" (p. 19). In "From Sea Bandits to Sea Lords: Nonstate Violence and Pirate Identities in Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century Japan", Peter D. Shapinsky shows how perceptions of seafarers labeled as pirates changed so that eventually they became viewed as legitimate, state-sponsored sea lords. In "Merchants, Smugglers, and Pirates: Multinational Clandestine Trade on the South China Coast, 1520-50", James K. Chin provides several individual case studies of how illegal trade spread throughout the Chinese economy. Consider, for example, the remarkable career of Xu Hai, an influential merchant-pirate based in Kyushu in the mid- 16th century, who started his career as a monk at Hangzhou' s Lingyin Temple but became a pirate to pay off family debts, and eventually commanded a fleet of 1,000 vessels and 60,000 pirate-smugglers along the Zhejiang coast (p. 51). He and others pioneered and spread commerce though illicit trade in pepper, sapanwood, ivory, cloves, thyme, aloes and sandalwood, as well as staple goods such as rice, flour, pigs and fowls. Maria Grazia Petrucci writes on "Pirates, Gunpowder, and Christianity in Late Sixteenth-Century Japan", an account of how Europeans, merchants and pirates interacted to manufacture and smuggle gunpowder. Local residents often aided pirate gangs by "melting copper coins to make shot, using saltpeter to make gunpowder, iron to make swords and guns, and leather to make iron" (p. 62). Igawa Kenji describes in "At the Crossroads: Limahon and Wako in Sixteenth-Century Philippines" how Chinese and Japanese pirates affected sea routes to involve the Philippine Islands as an important player in international trade. …


This paper presents some methods of representing canonical commutation relations in terms of hyperfinite-dimensional matrices, which are constructed by nonstandard analysis. The first method uses representations of a nonstandard extension of the finite Heisenberg group, called hyperfinite Heisenberg group. The second is based on hyperfinite-dimensional representations of so(3). Then, the cases of infinite degree of freedom are argued in terms of the algebra of hyperfinite para-Fermi oscillators, which is mathematically equivalent to a hyperfinite-dimensional representation of so(n).


Fifteen novel N-triazol-5-yl-oxazolidin-4-ones were synthesized through a few of steps from the benzaldehydes. It was found that N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) can promote intramolecular amination reaction which is the key step of the syntheses, which will be used as new method for the intramolecular formation of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Part of the compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity. Among them, compounds 6a, 6b and 6c showed moderate antiprolifiration activity toward human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 cell lines, while the mild activity of 6a, 6b and 6d against human cervical cancer HeLa cell lines was confirmed in vitro assay.


Overproduction of reactive oxygen species(ROS) under pathophysiologic condition is crucial in the development of cardiovascular diseases.The major source of ROS is from NADPH Oxidase(NOX).NOX plays an important role in the progress of atherosclerosis,hypertension and heart failure;on the other hand,it can be increased by atrial fibrillation.


The aim of the study was to evaluate arterial morphology and function in a national cohort of long‐term survivors of high‐risk neuroblastoma (NBL) treated with high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with or without total body irradiation (TBI).


A study was carried out at the National Swine and Poultry Research Center, Concordia, SC, Brazil to determine the effects of ventilation rate on the performance of piglets and environmental conditioning of the farraowing house. Five ventilation rates (115.0, 67.5, 47.0, 19.0 m 3 /min and natural ventilation) and three observation periods (summer, summer-fail and fall) with five replicates par ventilation rate period combinations were tested. The exhaust mechanical ventilation type systems were utilized. There were not significant (P > 0.05) effects of ventilation rate on daily weight gain (186, 172, 175, 186 and 179 g/day), daily feed consumption (13.5, 9.5, 10.9, 11.9 and 10.8 g/day), mortality rate (15.4. 14.5, 12.9, 10.3 and 8.0%) respectively, and also on frequencies of occurrence and medication rate of respiratory and digestive disease. Ventilation rates of 67.5 and 47.0 m 3 /min were the only ones to provid adequate average air velocity (0.13 and 0.19 m/s, respectively) for the piglets confort. The ventilation designs adapted did not present adequate of air distribution in the building, showing a decrease in efficiency with increasing temperatures.


Amelia and Graham have smoked since they were teenagers.They want to give up because they are trying to conceive. Sue Cross explains how to help them.


Thesis is a theoretical and research work which deals with the effectiveness of newly created educational material regarding to latest method of administration of immunoglobulins. The main tools for detection of the effectiveness of the created educational material were the knowledge tests that verified not only the knowledge of immunodeficiency patients but also the higher level of cognitive skills in nurses. We also analyzed items in the knowledge tests in relation to the given issue. The particular attention was paid to finding a subjectively perceived satisfaction of nurses with the created material. The analysis of the results showed its effectiveness in the form of the expressed average success rate of 80% compared to 48% before the education. However, with regard to satisfaction assessment, the method of eg training in the form of a seminar with a demonstration, seems to be more appropriate than the self-study form, as in this case.


Ultra short baseline attitude systems with base-lines
under 0.5 meters are desirable for any application
which requires a high level of integrity. The higher level
of integrity is a direct result of the limited number of inte-ger
ambiguities for shorter baselines. However, for ultra-short
baseline attitude systems, phase errors translate into
larger angular errors than they do in long baseline systems
[1-8]. Many of the phase error sources such as carrier
tracking loop noise and thermal noise can be filtered using
inexpensive inertial sensors, however, other factors such
as line bias variations and differences in antenna phase
delay patterns generate slowly varying phase errors.
Antenna phase errors are a function of line-of-sight to the
satellites and vary at rates based on satellite movement and
platform angular rate. Line bias errors are a function of
temperature. These rates are generally too slow for inex-pensive
inertial sensors to provide any filtering. Several
methods for calibrating out these errors are presented.


Uninterrupted power supply through electrical grid is not possible for many remote areas like dense forest, hill areas, and deserts. The objective of the proposed work is to generate stand alone electricity using steam powered gravity assisted SP system for remote WSN applications. The proposed design drives the generator by triggering gravity force using steam powered cylinders with high thermal efficiency. The proposed SP system is used to recharge the battery systems of UAVs in remote sites thereby the UAVs are further used to recharge the remote wireless sensor nodes using laser beam transmissions.


With achievable survival rates of above 90%, non-leukemic events gather a high proportion of treatment failure causes with infections forming the majority. We analysed the incidence and outcome of reported invasive fungal infections as serious adverse events (SAE according to NIH criteria) in study ALL-BFM 2000 with the aim to characterize risk factors to optimize antifungal prophylaxis and treatment. A total of 4867 patients with ALL were enrolled from August 1999 to May 2010. Analysis of (mandatory) SAE reporting revealed 144 cases (3%). Fungal infections related to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were excluded. According to the EORTC/MSG classification 65 (1.3%) were proven, 53 (1.1%) probable/possible and 26 (0.5%) not classifiable. There were 19 (0.4%) deaths and 41 (0.8%) events were classified as life threatening according to FDA definition. Positive mycological results were available in 98 cases: Aspergillus ssp. in 72, Candida ssp. in 21, Mucor in 3, Rhizopus and Fusarium in 1 case each. Fatality occurred in 16 cases with Aspergillus (22%) and in 1 each of the other species. Out of 41 life-threatening infections 30 were due to Aspergillus, 5 to Candida and 4 to the other species. Regarding all fungal infections, there was a significantly rising risk with increasing age (7.2% >15 y, 4.8% 10- 1- Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The plant selected for the activity is obtained from the ninth day young leaves of Triticum aestivum Linn. belonging to the family Poaceae. The plant is commonly known as Wheatgrass which is used for various medicinal and health benefits for many years. It is considered as a cleansing and purifying agent from ancient times and yet can be used for its healing properties because of its nutritional values. The leaves contain many chemical compositions such as proteins, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, saponins, fibers, tannins, and phenolic compounds. Wheatgrass is also rich in chlorophyll which consists of Chlorophyllin (derivatives of chlorophyll) and posses bacteriostatic and antioxidant properties. The concentrated methanolic extract showed significant hepatoprotective effect at 500 mg/kg dose in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treated rats. The blood samples were collected, and the serum was estimated for biochemical parameters SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, total and direct bilirubin content. The studies indicated that the recovery of liver from CCl4 damage after the treatment was significant. INTRODUCTION: In today's fast and furious life, peoples lifestyle and food habits are changing drastically, due to which ninety percent of the population suffers from oxidative stress resulting as ageing process, arthritis, ischemia, neurodegeneration and chronic liver diseases. Cereal grass has been found curative from various ailments from thousands of years. Human consumption of wheatgrass and other cereal grasses has increased dramatically in the last ten years, but most people have no idea of what cereal grass really is. QUICK RESPONSE CODE DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.5(11).4751-55 This article can be accessed online on www.ijpsr.com DOI link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.5(11).4751-55 Many of those who have heard of wheatgrass or barley grass are puzzled about their purpose in the diet. Nowadays many people view with suspicion anything labeled with the word grass as a commodity for human consumption. Young cereal plants were valued in ancient times; bottled, dehydrated cereal grass has been a popular food supplement for people in the United States since the early 1930s. The literature review revealed that commonly grown wheatgrass could be used for different ailments. It helps in preventing cancer 1 , tooth decay, skin problems such as eczema and psoriasis. It is also claimed to reduce hair from graying, improves digestion, reduces high blood pressure as it enhances the capillaries, support the growth of lactobacilli 2 and can remove heavy metals from the body 3, 4, 5 .


An analytical and numerical study of two-dimensional unsteady planing of a flat plate is presented. The immersion of the plate is assumed small; hence, the spray at the leading edge is represented by a square root singularity. The analogy to airfoil theory is used and the hydrodynamic problem is solved in the time domain. The time-varying wetted-length change due to the water flow is accounted for by a generalised Wagner approach. The theory is verified by comparison with an analytical solution by Sedov (1940) for water entry of a planing plate and with the linear frequency domain solution by Bessho & Komatsu (1984) for a heaving planing plate.


At first sight it would seem somewhat profitless to select as the subject of a paper a building not one stone of which can ordinarily be seen, but the great Benedictine church of St. Peter, Westminster, stands so high in the affection of the English-speaking races that even the smallest contribution to its story may be assured beforehand of a welcome. Moreover, there is a certain appropriateness in the fact that by an undesigned coincidence that contribution should be offered on March 21st, the feast of St. Benedict himself.


In 1993, Paul E. Regan wrote a nice and controversial paper in the magazine The Structural Engineer provocatively titled "Research on shear: a benefit to humanity or a waste of time?" In that manuscript, he presented and discussed some significant findings in the domain of shear design in structural concrete and wondered on the progresses actually performed by the scientific community. Twenty-five years later, we can unfortunately still not give a definite answer to Paul E. Regan's question (hoping, yet, that the research efforts have contributed to a benefit to the engineer's practice). The topic of the shear response of structural concrete is still open and gaining even significance in day-to-day practice, particularly for the assessment of existing structures. In this field, it has been observed that many existing structures do not comply with current design rules for new structures although they exhibit a satisfactory behavior during their lifetime. More advanced models for assessing their strength are thus required, in order to understand what is the actual level of safety of these members and if their retrofitting is justified or not. This paramount question, that implies saving or expending significant resources from the society, requires a clear answer and guidelines for engineers. Some efforts in this field were already performed in fib Model Code 2010, by introducing the Levels-ofApproximation approach, but definitely need to be consolidated in view of next fib Model Code 2020 with a focus on existing structures. Within this context, many progresses have been performed in the last years that allow advancing in the direction of general models for shear design and assessment. These progresses are grounded on scientific advances that have been possible to a large extent, thanks to new experimental measurement paradigms. One clear exponent of these new technologies is the digital image correlation that allows tracking the development of cracking and the displacement fields of a member in a very detailed manner. The images processed, taken at frequencies higher than 1 Hz, allow for the first time to have clear and undisputable pictures of the process of shear failure and of its relation with the development of cracking. These measurements, combined with suitable constitutive laws for the concrete (cracked or sane) and for the reinforcement steel, allow in addition determining the amount of shear transferred by the various potential load-carrying actions (such as aggregate interlock, dowelling action, residual tensile strength of concrete and the arching action). Some instrumental steps forward in the understanding of the phenomenon are resulting from this combination of experimental and numerical techniques, and they are allowing to clarify the mechanisms governing shear failure avoiding sterile debates based on unconfirmed assumptions or intuitions. In parallel to the progresses in measurement techniques, a number of mechanical models have also been proposed and refined within the last years, addressing in a physically consistent manner the various contributions of the potential shear-transfer actions. Yet, large efforts still remain necessary to compare the theoretical approaches to the results of the new measurement techniques, with the aim to establish consistent and physically sound rules for the shear design of structural concrete. These provisions shall in addition be sufficiently simple for their use in design practice and be general enough to cover all actual design situations. Within this wish list, I personally also consider necessary to move from academic test setups (as simply supported beams subjected to threeor four-point bending) to testing on members subjected to internal forces reproducing the conditions of actual structures (distributed loading, continuity over supports, potential plastic deformations of the reinforcement at ultimate limit state, compressive membrane actions in slabs, etc.). As a conclusion of these thoughts, my opinion is that the conditions to advance in a consistent manner in the shear design of structural concrete members are accessible and reasonable, taking into account that the new testing and numerical possibilities are sufficiently spread over the community. It is thus time to engage the efforts of designers and DOI: 10.1002/suco.201870012


Stability of some switched singular systems is sensitive to the perturbations of the derivative matrices, and impulsive behaviors and state jumps at switching instants are often unavoidable. In this work, the problem of output strictly passive H-infinity control is studied for switched singular systems with uncertainties in the derivative matrices. Based on multiple storage functions, sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure that the closed-loop systems are asymptotically stable and satisfy H-infinity performance. By introducing some appropriate free-weighting matrices and constructing appropriate transformation matrices, the strong nonlinear problem encountered in the process of controller design is solved, and proportional-derivative state feedback controllers with explicit expressions are given. Finally, simulation results indicate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.


A TMS320LF2407A-based microcomputer protective device CPU is proposed in this paper.Its internal high speed AD chip is used for the data acquisition.The keyboard,the LCD display and the actuator are all controlled by the system.It solved successfully the problem of protection of the three-phase motor.


A random variable X with cumulative distribution function F is said to have a symmetric distribution about θ if and only if X - θ and - X +θ are identically distributed. Different types of partial skewness and one-sided bias are obtained by looking at different types of orderings between the distributions of X - θ and - X +θ. For example, X , or equivalently F , is said to have type I bias about θ if X - θ is stochastically larger than - X +θ. In this paper, we assume that F is continuous, θ is known and develops an empirical likelihood ratio type test for testing for symmetry about θ against this type of alternative. This test is shown to be asymptotically distribution free and the results of a simulation study show that it outperforms in terms of power, a test developed for the same problem in Alfieri and El Barmi [(2005), 'Nonparametric Estimation of a Distribution Function with Type I Bias with Applications to Competing Risks', Journal of Nonparametric Statistics , 17, 319-333]. It turns out that the results developed here can be extended in a natural way to compare the sub-survival functions corresponding to two risks in a competing risks setting. We show how this can be done and illustrate our theoretical results with a real life example.


Often times when a project site exhibits poor subsurface conditions not suitable for foundation support the most logical solution is a deep foundation system supported on/in an underlying dense/hard stratum. However, in some instances ground modification associated with shallow spread footings can be a more cost effective solution. Compaction grouting is an extremely flexible and customizable approach that can be applied to numerous poor subsoil conditions to stiffen and densify the subsoils to a desired degree applicable to the proposed construction. Compaction grouting is not a new technique; its application in areas of Karst geology where acute subsurface stabilization is necessary has been effectively used in many instances since the early 1950's (Warner 2004). Subsurface erosion in Karst areas is prevalent in an area of eastern Pennsylvania that spans from as far west as Shippensburg through Lancaster, Reading, and Allentown to the eastern border in Easton. Two case histories are presented — one involves stiffening the foundation subsoils encountered beneath additions to an existing 2-story structure in Millersville, PA. The second case history is the improvement of soils impacted by a water main break in Bethlehem, PA. These case histories describe subsurface conditions that compaction grouting was applied to and the methods used to ensure a successful grouting program. Also discussed are real time field results used to modify the compaction grouting program and monitor its effectiveness. Full-time monitoring was provided throughout the field work on each project.


The weakening of labor protection is caused by the current labor income continuing to decline.In fiscal decentralization incentive and restraint,that will distort local government behavior of labor protection,namely,to achieve the goal of economic growth and advancement,take relaxing labor protection as the important means of attracting investments and creating the good investment environment.Establish a nationwide and the area within the scope of the provincial panel data model from 2000 to 2008,verify regional differences of the impact of fiscal decentralization on labor protection. Improve examinational system with GDP as main indexes of currently,support the development of trade unions,handle all kinds of labor disputes fairly,continuously improve social security coverage and quality,to strengthen labor protection and improve labor share in the system.


The purpose of this project is to provide the framework for integrating the study of non-Euclidean geometry into a high school math class in such a way that both aligns with the Common Core State Standards and makes use of research-based practices to enhance the learning of traditional geometry. Traditionally, Euclidean geometry has been the only strand of geometry taught in high schools, even though mathematicians have developed several other strands. The non-Euclidean geometry that I focus on in this project is what is known as taxicab geometry. With the Common Core Standards for Math Practice pushing students to "model with mathematics" and "look for and make use of structure", modeling a different geometry with the structure of traditional geometry as a guide can be both highly applicable and highly analytical. This kind of critical thinking is sprinkled throughout the standards. Furthermore, preliminary studies have shown that studying non-Euclidean geometry helps teachers themselves understand notions such as undefined terms more clearly within Euclidean geometry as well. Using resources such as Taxicab Geometry: An Adventure in Non-Euclidean Geometry by Eugene Krause, I have constructed new materials for teachers to employ in a high school classroom.


The purpose of the 1993 visit to Barnaul was to introduce students and educators to experiential learning as it is currently understood and practiced in North America. For the last two and a half years, AEE members and Siberian educators have forged a partnership that has contributed to the continuing transformation process of Russian education. As a part of AEE's Russia Project, this initiative in Siberia has been an invigorating experience for those involved, that continues to affect how they look at experiential education, change, people, and communication. The Russia Project has grown out of a series of educational visits to the Soviet Union taken by AEE member Brian Kunz beginning in 1990. Since that time, Kunz has led workshops introducing Russian educators to the concepts of experiential learning. In 1993, under Kunz's leadership, the project obtained funding to send six educators from North America to Russia to conduct workshops in experiential learning processes. Initially, all six were assigned to Moscow to work with contacts at Moscow State University. Symbolic of the rapid rate of change in Russia, two of those six educators soon found themselves in Siberia instead of Moscow.


In his later writings, Wittgenstein devoted a great deal of energy to the analysis of emotions. Between March and December 1947, he organized his remarks into a «classification of psychological concepts», in which emotions have a determinate place. This classification was not of course intended as a conclusive theory of psychology, but as a guide for the philosophical treatment of psychological concepts in general, and of emotions in particular. Following Wittgenstein's classifications, in this paper I outline the main features of what one might call Wittgenstein's «philosophy of emotions» in the context of his general method of philosophical investigation. Special prominence will of course be given to the two volumes of the Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology (1947-1948), which contain his most extended and careful analysis of the matter. I argue that, since Wittgenstein conceived philosophy as a grammatical activity, his philosophy of emotions is, more precisely, a grammatical investigation into emotions. DOI: 10.4396/20130302