During the past 30 years it has become clear that there are huge differences in health and life expectancies depending on your social status. This thesis deals with theories that try to explain this phenomenon, emphasizing the psychosocial theory. Studies show that the higher your social status, the better health and longer life expectancy you have. Health and life expectancy follow a social gradient through all layers of society. This is true for all countries that have past the epidemiologic transition, where further increase in income cease to have an effect on life expectancy (most western countries). Several theories are trying to explain this phenomenon. The psychosocial theory asserts how much control you have over your life and the possibilities you have for social participation are crucial for health and longevity. Despite material and economical development in western societies, people report increasingly of suffering among other things from anxiety and depression, lack of control and insecurity. These are factors leading to stressreactions in our body. Continuous stress reduces our resistance to illnesses, and stressreactions can in it self lead to diseases. According to the theory it is our sensitivity towards social relations that lead to anxiety, depression and other psychosocial riskfactors to stress. The greater the social differences in a society are, the higher the percentage of the population report of suffering from the riskfactors. The theory therefore asserts it is the interplay between the social structure and the social situation we find ourself in that effects our health.


Succeeding to the previous papers1-3), in which the amino acid composition of the proteins of fish and crustaceans was given, the present paper deals with the shell-fish proteins. The minced edible part of a hard clam (Meretrix meretrix lusoria GMELIN) and that of an abalone (Haliotis gigantea GMELIN) were thoroughly extracted with boiling water acidulated with acetic acid (pH 4.5), ethanol and ether in order. Amino acids in the proteins thus obtained were determined by the column chromatographic method using an ion-exchange resin and the results obtained are given in Table 3. Although the pattern of amino acid distribution in the proteins of these shell-fishes is relatively uniform, some slight differences are observed on several amino acids. The protein of abalone is rich in glycine, proline and arginine and poor in leucine, glutamic acid, tyrosine and lysine when compared with that of hard clam. It is also found that the tryptophan content of the hard clam protein is rather high. These shell-fish proteins show a lower value of valine, methionine, phenylalanine, lysine and histidine than the muscle proteins of fish1, 2) and crustaceans3) examined in our previous studies.


In recent years, time series data have been collected in many fields, and a visual analytics (VA) interface is expected to be useful for utilizing such data. When developing such interfaces for time series data, several problems arising from the property of time series data need to be resolved. For example, the temporal trend of data is usually visualized with animation. However, with this approach, a collision would occur between the movement of the time series data itself and that caused by interaction with users. As a result, visual clutter often occurs on a display. To solve these problems, this paper focuses on trajectories, which can handle temporal and spatial changes uniformly, and proposes a VA interface that enables direct manipulation of trajectories. The usefulness of the proposed interface is demonstrated through experiments.


The formation of massive stars remains one of the most intriguing questions in astrophysics today. Several formation theories, that could potentially be tested by the multiplicity properties of their outcome, have been proposed. There are, however, observational challenges preventing us from discriminating between the different formation scenarios: massive stars are rare and found at relative large distances from us, they form on short timescales and evolve in multiple stellar systems within the gas-rich environment from which they are born. Taking advantage of the extreme-adaptive optics capabilities of VLT/SPHERE, we observed more than 70 galactic O stars, about half in the Carina nebula and another half in the galactic field or clusters and associations, aiming at characterizing their multiplicity properties. SPHERE offers unprecedented imaging contrasts which allows us to detect even the faintest companions around massive stars. Here, we illustrate its capabilities by focussing on the high-order multiple system QZ Car.


Resistance random access memory (RRAM) composed of stacked aluminum (Al)/InGaZnO(IGZO)/Al is investigated with different gallium concentrations. The stoichiometric ratio (x) of gallium in the InGaxZnO is varied from 0 to 4 for intentional control of the concentration of the oxygen vacancies (VO), which influences the electrical characteristics of the RRAM. No Ga in the IGZO (x = 0) significantly increases the value of VO and leads to a breakdown of the IGZO. In contrast, a high Ga concentration (x = 4) suppresses the generation of VO; hence, resistive switching is disabled. The optimal value of x is 2. Accordingly, enduring RRAM characteristics are achieved.


The examination of membrane processes started mostly as a search for effective product separation that is crucial to economical operation in process industries. Certain types of materials are inherently difficult to separate, and their processing has become of increased importance in recent years, especially due to the growth of the biotechnological industry (1) This new technology using synthetic membranes for process separations has developed rapidly. Industrial membrane processes are classified according to the size range of materials, which they are to separate, and the driving force used in separation. The most common pressure-driven process is microfiltration (often denoted as MF) (2). This technique separates a size range of 10–0.1 µm; typical examples of materials separated are small particles, large colloids, and microbial cells.

Keywords:

ceramic membranes;
polymeric;
submerged;
toxic metals;
zeolites;
hybrid cell


Objective To further define the molecular mechanism involved in the metastasis process in lung cancer and screen out the genes expressed differentially in the lung cancer.Methods mRNA differential display (DD-PCR) was employed to search the specific genes related to metastasis.The highly expressed fragments were cloned and sequenced.Compared with the data in GenBank,the homologous genes were found.The anchor primers were designed to validate the candidates from DD-PCR by real-time PCR.The structure of the gene was prognosticated by software.Results Nine differentially expressed genes were found.One of the nine genes,which named C3orf1,showed high different expression within the six tested cancer cells.The gene was 858bp long and encoded 285 amino acids.The molecular weight was about 32.2 kD.Analyzed by the bio-software,it was found that the gene was consisted with seven EGF-like domains (EGF_1),three 2Fe-2S ferredoxin/iron-sulfur binding regions (2FE2S_FER_1),two VWFC domains (VWFC_1),two thiolase active sites (thiolase_3),and so on.Conclusions The gene C3orf1 is over-expressed in the lung cancer 95D cells.It may encode a familiar secretary growth factor protein and play important role in stimulating growth of the cells.


Career confidence extremes within competing groups make a difference in the Corporation total enterprise (TE) simulation performance results. Groups with a high proportion of individuals who are either highly confident or, conversely, lack confidence in current career choices do not perform as well as groups with moderate career confidence levels. This result confirms a more general finding obtained with both the Micromatic and Multinational Management Game simulations. That is, TE simulations are biased in that group personality composition affects performance results one way or another. All of these findings support a basic but beginning behavioral model of total enterprise simulation performance that includes personal and interpersonal needs, decision styles, and preferences for processing information and making decisions. Moreover, they add additional support for the notion that TE simulations may be designed intentionally to favor one or more specific personality biases.


The covariance of the MIT bag model is utilized in order to study the time dependence of the bag surface. Specifically, we derive classical equations of motion for the bag radius R=R(t) and the conjugate momentum P=P(t). Apart from the well-known static-cavity modes we find approximate time-dependent solutions with an average mass parameter of about 500 MeV for isotropic surface oscillations. The Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization prescription gives the energies of the excited modes which are compared to the experimental energies of the N and \ensuremath{\Delta} resonances seen in the P11 and P33 channels, respectively. We find that with the exception of the nucleon ground state, the level spacings of the experimentally well established resonances can be reproduced with two parameters B and ${z}_{0}$. The model makes a prediction for the \ensuremath{\Delta}(1600) and N(2100) levels which are assigned low quality (\ensuremath{\le}lstarlstar) by the Particle Data Group; the position of the isobar state is well predicted whereas that of the nucleon level seems uncertain.


Abstract In this study, the aqueous phases obtained from thermochemical treatment of SEKA solid waste with 15% acetic acid at 250°C, 300°C, and 350°C starting with 0.1 MPa initial pressure have been digested anaerobically. The anaerobic digestion has been carried out at 37°C in lab-scale fermenters for about 24 days. During digestion, samples were taken out at 3-day intervals and analyzed for the determination of the COD, BODs, and pH values. The total amount of biogas produced was also determined. It was found that the COD decreases and BOD5 increases as a whole with digestion time. It can be concluded that the aqueous phases can be treated anaerobically for both biogas production and organic pollutant removal.


The use of the token economy in institutional settings is examined in light of historical, political, deprivation, ethical, and generalization issues. The major points may be summarized as follows, a) The token economy may be viewed as a palliative measure to prevent the incredibly regressive effects of institutionalization, b) To achieve control in token programs in many "total institutions," an artificial state of deprivation must be achieved, c) Generalization of behaviors into the natural environment following the patient's stay in a token economy program should not be taken for granted, d) What the patient learns in a token economic system may not be what the token economy's program director probably intends.


Presently, sewage sludge from wastewater treatment systems has become a critical problem in many regions of the world because it can inflict harm on human beings and the environment. Gasification technology is widely held to be a suitable and convenient approach to convert waste materials to energy with minimal greenhouse gas emissions. In a pilot-scale experiment on sewage sludge gasification ultimately aimed at generating electricity, the reactor temperature profile, syngas characteristics, and performance of the syngas in the production of electricity were tied to the equivalence ratio (ER) and syngas flow rate (i.e., 100, 150, or 180 N m 3 h −1 ). An increase of the ER resulted in an increase of the temperature inside the gasifier, causing a variation in syngas characteristics and the level of tar and dust contamination. Calorific values at different syngas flow rates were found to vary from 4.20 to 4.87 MJ N −1 m −3 . The syngas obtained at flow rates of 150 and 180 N m 3 h −1 could be used in an engine−generator set to generate 21 or 47 kW of electrical power, respectively, whereas at the flow rate of 100 N m 3 h −1 , the syngas could only run the engine without electrical load. The specific sewage sludge consumption, which is the amount of feedstock required to generate electricity, decreased with an increase in the syngas flow rate. The performance evaluation of the sewage sludge gasification system, i.e., gasification efficiency, engine−generator set efficiency, and electrical efficiency, showed that these were in the range of those obtained from biomass, such as agricultural residues. Overall, sewage sludge can serve as a feedstock for electricity generation using a pilot-scale downdraft gasification system.


This workshop is proposed as the start of a new initiative to span all of the current pooling initiatives within Scotland and industry. Taking the format of short, high-impact talks, this workshop aims to identify critical problems in the area of "Imaging and Sensing in Medicine and the Life Sciences" which could be addressed by collaborations between partners in SU2P, SINAPSE, NRP / SRPe, SUPA, SULSA, SICSA and Industry.


We highlight a fast, effective and practical statistical approach that deals with inter and intra-die variations in VLSI chips. Our methodology is applied to a number of random variables while accounting for spatial correlations. Our methodology sorts the probability density functions (PDFs) of the critical paths of a circuit based on a confidence-point. We show the mathematical accuracy of our method and also implement a typical program to test it on various benchmarks. We find that the worst-case analysis overestimates path delays by more than 50% and that a path's probabilistic rank with respect to delay is very different from its deterministic rank.


The effects of chicken blood cell density,PEG concentration,PEG duration,standing time of chicken blood cell suspension,calcium ion concentration on cell fusion in vitro were studied.The results showed as follows:cell fusion rate was the highest when cell density was 1×107/mL,PEG concentration was 50%,PEG duration was 10 minutes,standing time of chicken blood cell suspension was 10 minutes,calcium ion concentration was 50.0mmol/L.


Development of a ten-item Trust Scale for Nurses, tested on 79 nurses at the Nashville, Tennessee, Veterans Administration Hospital, is described. The scale measures degree of nurses' trust, based on measurement of their trust of patients. Validation of the instrument was done by correlating the nurses' scores on it with their scores on Rotter's (1967) Interpersonal Trust Scale.


Electrically rewritable nonvolatile memories using chalcogenide semiconductors were studied. The memory cell size was changed from 0.3 to 1.5 µmφ using a focused ion beam. This material can be used for nonvolatile random access memory. Reversible phase transition between the amorphous and crystalline states, which is accompanied by a considerable change in electrical resistivity, is exploited to store bits of information. The currents for write/erase were decreased with reducing memory cell size. In the memory cell of 0.6 µmφ, more than 104 repetition cycles of the phase transition were attained by the electric pulses. The voltages for the crystallization and amorphization processes were 2 V and 2.2 V, respectively.


The Bethe approximation, discovered in statistical physics, gives an efficient algorithm called belief propagation (BP) for ap proximating a partition function. BP empirically gives an accurate approximation for many problems, e.g., low-density parity-check codes, compressed sensing, etc. Recently, Vontobel gives a novel characterization of the Bethe approximation using graph cover. In this paper, a new approximation based on the Bethe approximation is proposed. The new approximation is derived from Vontobel's characterization using graph cover, and expressed by using the edge zeta function, which is related with the Hessian of the Bethe free energy as shown by Watanabe and Fukumizu. On some conditions, it is proved that the new approximation is asymptotically better than the Bethe approximation.


Remote enabled RPM measurement, control and thermal protection of PMDC motor is shown in this work. Many principles related with Instrumentation and Control Engineering can be demonstrated by means of Remote enabled laboratory and it is the advancement in Instrumentation course teaching. By using Lab VIEW developing software investigator has developed the remote control of the system for engineering labs and for industrial applications. The circuits as well as the combination of real and virtual are novel. The remote control was developed using Lab VIEW virtual instrumentation and they enable web control and monitoring of the equipment, allowing users to perform the control in real time, at their own computers, from anywhere and whenever is suitable for them and also at reduced cost.


Through resonance ionization measurements involving two-color, three-photon excitation, and four-photon ionization we observe very large, multiple, pressure-dependent line shifts in Xe. All features of the observed collective line shifts are in very close agreement with accompanying theoretical predictions.


Garden cress ( Lepidium sativum L.) belonging to Cruciferae family is widely grown in India, Europe, and United States. It has been used as an important medicinal plant since the Vedic era. Its seed, oil, and powder contain significant amount of protein, fat, miner - als, fibers, and phytochemicals, which are incorporated in many functional beverages and foods. A number of clinical trials have been conducted on rats that also support the efficacy of garden cress seeds (GCSs). The seed of garden cress was used in the fortifica tion of different food items but due to the lack of their physicochemical properties and medicinal value, the exploration of the potential of garden cress seed was limited. In the present review, we discuss the proximate chemical composition, physicochemical, medicinal properties, and the food product development with garden cress seed. The functional properties of garden cress seed stimulate us to review its different valuable properties and the fortified products developed by incorporating garden cress seeds.


The extent to which migrants participate in development projects has gained increasing prominence in the field of migration studies. In keeping with the interest of national and international institutions which promote the involvement of migrants in the development of their home countries, social research has begun to question how this phenomenon has grown (on the migrant or transnational civil society level), the nature of the organisations that drive such actions (transnational organisations) and the implications on the latter (transnational development). Many studies have seen migrant organisations as new actors in the transnational field; when not seen as emerging players, they are perceived as figures that can shape the transnational field. In order to assess the impact of migrant associations in debates of transnationalism, this article investigates the characteristics of migrant organizations located in Spain, as well as their practices aimed at development in the countries of origin.


A woman and her son who both developed pneumatosis coli within a period of 6 months are described. No familial or cluster association has previously been reported. The aetiology of this uncommon disease is reviewed.


Noncirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) describes a disease pattern which leads to portal hypertension in the absence of liver cirrhosis. Distinguished by the corresponding anatomic changes of disease origin, NCPH is categorized as pre-, intraor posthepatic. Vascular changes proximal to the liver (e.g., portal vein thrombosis) lead to prehepatic and distal changes to posthepatic NCPH (e.g., Budd–Chiari syndrome). Intrahepatic NCPH can be caused by congenital defects like liver fibrosis. Moreover, granulomatous diseases (schistosomiasis, sarcoidosis), intrahepatic tumors, drugs, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, amyloid disease, idiopathic NCPH and portosinusoidal vascular disease induce NCPH. Clinical signs are due to complications of portal hypertension, but often this disease is an incidental finding. The diagnostic approach targets exclusion of primary liver diseases and cirrhosis, including liver biopsy. Moreover, abdominal ultrasound and endoscopy are recommended. Because NCPH is associatedwith several hematological and immunological diseases, evaluation needs to be interdisciplinary. In addition to treatment of the underlying disease, anticoagulation therapy is recommended in patients with thrombosis or prothrombotic conditions. Complications of portal hypertension are treated similar to themanagement of cirrhotic portal hypertension. However, shunt therapy may be more commonly used as curative therapy in patients with preserved liver function.


Visualization of big data using mixed reality is challenging and promising at the same time. In this work, we present a comprehensive overview of the existing work in this area with a focus on several aspects of visual analytics. Even if the methods used in different scientific papers and projects are similar, the approaches and results differ very often, due to specific goals of the visual representations. Using our work the professionals can better understand the reality-virtuality continuum and choose an appropriate approach more easily in order to solve their specific big data analytical visualization problem.


In a previous publication (1) preliminary observations were reported of some physiological effects resulting from the oral administration of a glycerin extract of suprarenal cortex. The investigation has been continued and a more detailed analysis of results forms the subject of the present report. In the present investigation ten male schizophrenic patients were selected on the basis of an existing hypotension and given adrenal cortex pills§ in divided doses three times daily beginning with 9 pills, and increasing the dosage by this number each week until in six weeks they were receiving forty-five pills a day. As each pill contained extractives of ten grains of fresh cortex, the maximum dosage represented approximately an ounce of cortical substance. The medication was administered over a period of thirteen weeks and then discontinued to study the effects of withdrawal of the drug. To re-test the results and to get further light on the optimal dosage, after a rest period of seven weeks, the pills were a...


Unintentional injuries rank as a major cause of death in the United States, and because they often impact younger victims, these injuries can have a devastating impact on individual, families and society. This annual publication presents occupational, motor vehicle, home, community, state, and international injury statistics on deaths, nonfatal injuries, and their costs. The 2015 edition contains new data on occupational injury and illness undercount; driveway and parking lot crashes; distracted walking; falls; smoke alarms; young drivers; and international occupational injury data. This edition also contains expanded or updated data on general mortality; occupational injury and illness incidence rates by industry; occupational injury and illness profile data by industry sector; forklift injury trends; workers' compensation claims and costs; disasters; comparing safety of transportation modes; traffic safety issues – alcohol, occupant protection and speeding; consumer product-related injuries; and unintentional deaths by state.


III system. Besides, above the critical velocity, an extra deflection peak was observed near the trailing edge of the plates. In cases 2, 3 and 4, the influence of manufacturing deviations and the change of materials properties due to the increment of temperature on the critical velocity was investigated. With these conditions, the critical velocity of the system was found at lower values. Lastly, in Case 5, the effectiveness of using a support comb at the leading edge of the plates was investigated. The results showed that the static divergence at the inlet end is effectively eliminated with the installation of the comb. In addition, the flowinduced deflections along the length of the plates were significantly diminished with the comb.


In this study we present our developed formative assessment tool for students' assignments. The tool enables lecturers to define assignments for the course and assign each problem in each assignment a list of criteria and weights by which the students' work is evaluated. During assessment, the lecturers feed the scores for each criterion with justifications. When the scores of the current assignment are completely fed in, the tool automatically generates reports for both students and lecturers. The students receive a report by email including detailed description of their assessed work, their relative score and their progress across the criteria along the course timeline. This information is presented via charts generated automatically by the tool based on the scores fed in. The lecturers receive a report that includes summative (e.g., averages, standard deviations) and detailed (e.g., histogram) data of the current assignment. This information enables the lecturers to follow the class achievements and adjust the learning process accordingly. The tool was examined on two pilot groups of college students that study a course in (1) Object-Oriented Programming (2) Plane Geometry. Results reveal that most of the students were satisfied with the assessment process and the reports produced by the tool. The lecturers who used the tool were also satisfied with the reports and their contribution to the learning process. Keywords—Computer-based formative assessment tool, science education.


ABSTRACT A pilot trial to ascertain whether an invasive fern, Stenochlaena tenuifolia (Blechnaceae), has a measurable influence on volume increment of Pinus elliottii in Zululand is described. No such influence was detected.


1. The danger of fracture and subsequent pseudarthrosis in congenital anterior bowing of the tibia is emphasised. The fate of seven such patients is described. 2. With the object of preventing fracture, early and urgent bone grafting is advocated.


The present invention discloses an atherectomy device, in many embodiments, the apparatus having a flexible, elongated, rotatable drive shaft having at least one asymmetrical mounted at least partially spherical abrasive, the abrasive It includes abrasive surface. Abrasive member comprises a large mass ratio of the lower drive shaft at the top, and capable of producing a hard abrasive member comprises a cutting edge and a center of mass spaced radially away from the axis of rotation of the drive shaft or the lateral surface of the flat sides. Thus, because the center of mass of abrasive structures can be moved laterally and vertically, so that the center of mass and geometric center of the eccentric mass on the polishing member. When placed in contact with the grinding member stenotic tissue and rotated at high speed, the grinding characteristics of the eccentric member moved along an orbital path, opening diameter larger than the resting diameter of the abrasive member at the opening in the lesion.


One of the most striking results is the large ellip- tic flow (v2) at RHIC. Detailed mass and transverse momen- tum dependence of elliptic flow are well described by ideal hydrodynamic calculations for pT 6) between midrapidity and the ZDC- SMD could enable us to minimize possible non-flow con- tributions. We compare the results of v2{ZDC-SMD} with v2{BBC}, which is measured by event plane determined at |η |= 3.1-3.9. Possible non-flow contributions in those re- sults will be discussed.


Information retrieval (IR) based bug location technology is a relatively recognized lightweight bug location method at present. Most IR bug location methods solve the problem of semantic difference between natural language and code language in the bug report based on code semantic intelligibility, and use semantic similarity to construct IR model to locate source code errors through bug report. However, most IR localization studies take error report description as the guidance for code semantic generation, ignoring the difference between error report and error semantics. Due to the irregular submission of error reports and the ambiguity of error descriptions, this kind of research faces the problem of low location accuracy. We found that the code data is the data written in the specification and verified by the program compilation. Compared with the bug data submitted by the tester, the semantic ambiguity is relatively weaker. Therefore, we use code data as the semantic generation of teacher network training bug data to form SGBL method. In addition, based on the bug data set composed by Jena and other projects, we evaluated the effectiveness of our method and explained the relationship between the semantic extraction method and the bug location accuracy. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


A journalist with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation spent many years in researching the intriguing case of Australia's detainee at Guantanamo Bay Cuba - David Hicks - who was returned to Australia in 2007 to serve out the remaining seven months of his sentence for supporting terrorism. According to Leigh Sales, David Hicks' case is emblematic of some of the greatest challenges facing the world today. To discuss that further, Leigh Sales addressed The Sydney Institute on Tuesday 29 May 2007.


Background: Iron Nutrition Anemia is one of the nutritional problems in Indonesia that must get serious attention. One of the prevention of anemia is by giving iron, iron is more easily absorbed with vitamin C in the intestine compared to only drinking of iron. The aim of the study was to know effect of given ferrous sulfate, ferrous sulfate plus vitamin C and ferrous iron with glucose levels and blood hemoglobins in pregnant rats.
Methods: The study was conducted using experimental study with pre and post test control group design. The sample in this study were female white rat (Rattus novergicus), aged 2-3 months and body weight 200-250 grams, consisted of four groups (t1 = control group, t2 = giving Fe group, t3 = giving Fe + Vit C, t4 = giving elemental Fe), sample size 28 rats and 7 rats in each group. Giving Ferro Sulfate and Vitamin C done through a sonde in female Rattus Novergicus rats during pregnancy from the first day of pregnancy until the gestational age reaches 18th days. In female rat said to experience pregnancy with a gestational period ranging from 20-22 days. Giving doses in each treatment group were 200 mg ferrous sulfate, 100 mg vitamin C and 60 mg ferrous iron. Hypothesis test used one-way anova. A two-tailed P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Blood glucose levels before and after treatment in the control group and the group giving ferrous sulfate plus vitamin C had a significant decrease in blood glucose levels while blood glucose levels before and after treatment in the ferrous sulfate group and the ferrous iron administration group had a significant increase in glucose blood levels (p <0.05). Blood glucose levels in pregnant rats after being given ferrous sulfate, ferous sulfate plus vitamin c, and ferrous iron which has the lowest blood glucose levels were the ferous sulfate plus vitamin c group, and those that have the highest blood glucose levels were in the ferrous iron group. Comparison of blood glucose levels in each variable can be seen only the control group that had a significant relationship to the group giving ferrous sulfate (p <0.05). Blood hemoglobin levels before and after treatment in the control group had a significant decrease whereas in the group giving ferrous sulfate, the group giving ferrous sulfate plus vitamin C and ferrous iron experienced a significant increase in blood hemoglobin levels (p <0.05). Blood hemoglobin levels in pregnant rats after being given ferrous sulfate, ferrous sulfate plus vitamin c, and ferrous iron which have the highest hemoglobin levels were in the ferrous sulfate group. Comparison of blood hemoglobin levels in each variable can be seen only the control group that had a significant relationship to the group giving ferrous sulfate, ferrous sulfate plus vitamin C and ferrous iron.
Conclusion: This analysis confirmed iron can increase blood glucose for that consumption of iron supplements without any indication wit low hemoglobin is not recommended.


In this paper,the stability of articulated concrete block protected slope is being analyzed by using slice method.Firstly,calculated the stability of slope soil(no block) by using slice method.Secondly,calculated the stability of slope by improving slice method(take block into consideration),it is proved that Bishop slice method is more suitable after comparisons and analysis of these two method.Based on Bishop Slice method,the slope stability and safety coefficient with different slope angles and concrete block weight were further calculated.Results showed that the different slope angle,and blocks were not sensitive to the stability of protected slope.


The objective of this research was to analyze the covariation among diverse behaviors (sexual behavior, substance use, suicide attempt and delinquent behavior) on adolescents, and predictive level of sex, age and parental practices on problem behavior. 1000 high school students participated in the study, 485 males and 515 females, from 14 to 22 years old. In order to measure the parental practices has been used the parental style scale (Palacios y Andrade, 2006) and an instrument realized for evaluating different problem behavior, for this study was elaborated an indicator with the addition of the behaviors. The results indicate the co-ocurrence of problem behaviors at different levels of involvement. The multiproblem behaviors were predicted by sex and age. Specifically the mother supervision and father imposition showed was the predictors for develop multiple behavior problems in adolescents.


Background: Recent rise in vaccine non-acceptance is a threat to global health, especially with the ongoing   COVID-19 pandemic. Examining the intentions of the Indian population towards the COVID-19 vaccine and the determinants of vaccine hesitancy and vaccine refusal is of utmost importance.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional web-based anonymous survey, using pre-validated questionnaires. Demographic and knowledge, attitude, and practice characteristics were collected, and a binary logistic regression was applied to analyse the association between these characteristics and the participants' intention to for the COVID-19 vaccine. Reasons for vaccine non-acceptance were then determined using a pre-validated vaccine hesitancy questionnaire.Results: Out of the 1172 non-vaccinated participants, 190 (16.2%) refused vaccination, and 219 (18.6%) were hesitant. Adequate knowledge about the COVID-19 disease, made people less likely to be hesitant for vaccination (OR=0.39; 95% CI=0.27-0.57), and less likely to refuse it (OR=0.41; 95% CI=0.27-0.61). Females had a higher tendency to refuse the vaccination (OR=1.47; 95% CI=1.02-2.14), or to be hesitant for it (OR=1.80; 95% CI=1.29-2.52). Social media played an important role in decreasing vaccination refusal (OR=0.40; 95% CI=0.22-0.73), when compared to evidence-based literature.Conclusions: Knowledge about the COVID-19 disease can help people make a more informed decision towards vaccination, and social media can be utilised as a medium to address the gaps in knowledge of the Indian population.


An Enterprise Desktop Grid (EDG) is a low cost platform that gathers desktop computers spread over different institutions. This platform uses desktop computers idle time to run Grid applications. We argue that computers in these environments have a predictable productivity that affects a Grid application execution time. In this paper, we propose a system called PFS for computer productivity forecasting that improves Grid applications performance. We simulated 157.500 applications and compared the performance achieved by our proposal against two recent strategies. Our experiments show that a Grid scheduler based on PFS runs applications faster than schedulers based on other selection strategies.


In recent times, there is a growing interest in applying Molybdenum disulphide (MoS{sub x}) solid lubricant coatings on components to improve the tribological performance (i.e. lower friction coefficient and wear rate). The tribological performance of MoS{sub x} coating is strongly dependent on coating properties and tribological environment. MoS{sub x} coatings are highly successful in certain applications such as in space/vacuum technology, but its effectiveness is questioned in other terrestrial applications such as in cutting tool industry due to its lower hardness and poor oxidation resistance leading to shorter life. In order to circumvent this drawback, the paper identifies that current research is being concentrated on developing MoS{sub x} based coatings using three different approaches: (1) Metal or compound addition in MoS{sub x} coating (2)MoS{sub x} layer on hard coating and (3)MoS{sub x} addition in hard coating matrix. Although the primary objective is same in all three cases, the third approach is considered to be more effective in improving the tribological properties of the coating. Finally, the potential applications of MoS{sub x} based coatings in different industrial sectors have been briefly outlined.


Background: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has become the standard surgical procedure for treatment of non-communicating hydrocephalus. The aim of this study is to report our results over the past ten years with reference to perioperative complications of ETV with a review of some specific anesthetic issues.


The present invention provides a method for producing the electric storage device can be appropriately connected to the bus bar to the external terminal of the storage element. In the present invention, the storage element is configured with an external terminal, having any one of a resin member receiving portion or the convex portion is positioned on the power storage element and configured to have a receiving portion or the convex portion of any of the the other bus bar is disposed on the external terminal, the bus bar is connected to the external terminal, the bus bar disposed at the projecting portion is inserted into the receiving portion.


Of 120 vocational rehabilitation clients having cardiac surgery between July, 1966 and December, 1968, seven were lost to follow-up, and the operative and late mortality totaled 14%. Ninety-six patients were seen for voluntary outpatient evaluation with a mean postoperative evaluation time of 22 months. Two-thirds of the patients had acquired heart disease and were in functional class III or IV preoperatively. After surgery 76 were in functional class I or II with 20 in functional class III. The electrocardiogram and radiographic heart size had returned toward normal in over 50%, and 76% of those having preoperative exercise tests demonstrated improved exercise capacity postoperatively.The rehabilitation effort was successful in 83% of those surviving surgery and 77% of the entire series. Medical and surgical physical factors were found to be more important than psychosocial factors in determining the vocational outcome after surgery. The duration of unemployment was the most important preoperative variable in predicting the rehabilitation result. The importance of medical follow-up after cardiac surgery is emphasized by the detection of a significant number of residual medical problems.


Soaked and put into seed germination test respectively in H2O(control),or in 0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7 or 0.9 mmol/L of sodium nitroprusside(SNP),a donor for exogenous nitric oxide(NO),the seed germination and the seeding growth of traditional rice cultivar 99-Zao-677,Xiang-Zao-Xian 24,and hydride rice combination Zhu-Liang-You 02,Zhu-Liang-You 819,Zhu-Liang-You 99 and Jin-You 402 existed great diversity owing to the difference of rice variety、seed vigor and the concentration of SNP solution.For example,under the condition of 0.5 mmol/L SNP solution,the seed germination percentage of Zhu-Liang-You 02 rose from 86% up to 96%,with an increase of 10%,while the seed germination percentage of 99-Zao-677 rose from 95% to 98%,only an increase of 3%.To any a variety or hybrid combination,the influence of the same concentration of SNP on the high vigor seed is lower than on the low vigor seed;proper concentration of SNP is required to promote the germination of rice seeds and seedling growth,for example,the solution of SNP from 0.3 mmol/L to 0.5 mmol/L enhanced the germination percentage and vigor index of seeds obviously,and also promoted the seedling growth,higher than this concentration range of SNP inhibited seed germination and seedling growth.


This research will discuss about a system design, named Data Terminal on interference detection system based on micro- controller. Referred to as Data Terminal because the mi- crocontroller is used as a place of extraction and storage of environmental data home. Data collection was based on environments, use sensors that can process the required en- vironmental data into an analog signal which is converted into digital data using digital analog conversion (ADC). This digital data stored in internal RAM memory of the micro- controller. This is done in a sustainable manner to meet the characteristics of a realtime system. Then, data termi- nal sends the digital data to the PC, when the PC sends an interrupt to the character of the same address with the character address from the microcontroller. AT89S51 mi- crocontroller used a 4 port 8 bits that can be used as input and output. And has 4 kilobytes of RAM memory to store data in a temporary environment. Port of the microcon- troller is connected to ADC, sensors, and serial cable as its communication. For the re sensor is used, the microcon- troller must provides a timer signal to the sensor as the working frequency of the sensor. Whether the same time, the microcontroller checks the data from your PC serial communication as a trigger condition data delivery envi- ronments that have been stored in internal RAM memory microcontrollers. When the microcontroller has been cre- ated as a Data Terminal at trial directly with environmental data using the change of variable resistors, the microcon- troller can receive and send data to a PC when the PC gave interruptions. This is made ??clear by analyzing the exist- ing data table on the PC. Then, it can be concluded that the terminal data can work well. Because the microcontroller can receive and transmit data in realtime environment (real time).


It has come to my notice that, apart from minor editorial corrections, I have published the same article "Response bias and public and private self-consciousness in Chinese", in both Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal , and also The Journal of Social Behavior and Personality . The reference details are Hamid, P. N., Lai, J. C. L., and Cheng, S. T. (2001). Response Bias and Public and Private Self-Consciousness in Chinese. Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal , 29 (8),733-742, and Hamid, P. N., Lai, J. C. L., and Cheng, S. T. (2000). Response Bias and Public and Private Self-Consciousness in Chinese. The Journal of Social Behavior and Personality , 15 ,431-440. We note for Social Behavior and Personality authors are advised that "neither the journal nor its editors assumes any responsibility for obtaining any copyright permissions necessary for publication of articles". This is the responsibility of the author(s). I wish to sincerely apologise to the editor and the readers of  Social Behavior and Personality: An international journal . This error is entirely the first author's mistake and the two coauthors played no part in the oversight. There was obviously no gain to obtaining two publications and I can only conjecture as to the full sequence of events that led to such an error. Suffice to say that memory loss and confusion in winding up the numerous loose ends of my career before retirement has led to the duplication. P. Nicholas Hamid, PhD July 2003.


Context
Previously we demonstrated, in individuals who have had type 1 diabetes (T1D) for 50 or more years (Medalists), that glycemic control was unrelated to diabetic complications, with the exception of cardiovascular disease (CVD), contrary to what has been documented in registry-based studies.

Objective
The purpose of this study is to validate these initial findings and identify contributors to mortality on an individual basis in a large cohort.

Design
Cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

Setting
Joslin Diabetes Center (JDC), Boston, Massachusetts.

Patients
50-year Medalists presenting to JDC for study participation.

Interventions
None.

Main Outcomes Measures
Microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes and mortality.

Results
Glycemic control was not significantly associated with small-vessel complications in Medalists but was associated with CVD in the overall cohort, yet with varying effect by tertile of cohort duration. CVD was the largest contributor to mortality, whereas hemoglobin A1c was not an independent predictor of mortality either overall or substantially by diagnosis interval. Additionally, exercise mitigated mortality risk imparted by CVD.

Conclusions
Few large populations with long duration of (T1D) have been available to examine the effects of long-term exposure to hyperglycemia. These data indicate that an association of glycemic control, complications, and mortality may change in an older population with T1D. These results suggest that careful control is still warranted in older populations with T1D.


ABSTRACT Objective: To test the hypothesis that undenatured type II collagen (UC-II) relieves pain, quality of life, and joint function in women aged from 60 to 80 years with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: 53 patients in the UC-II treatment group (for 90 days) and 52 in the control group (without UC-II) were evaluated at 1, 30, and 90 days regarding health-related quality of life, pain, and function with questionnaires, anthropometric data, alignment, range of motion, and radiographic analysis. Results: Quality of life increased significantly in the Physical domain in the treatment vs control group. Also, there was a difference between the first and the last evaluation on the pain visual analog scale (−3.8 ± 1.8 versus −1.3 ± 2.0) and on the WOMAC score (−9.5 ± 11.9 versus −1.3 ± 11.1). No variation in the temporal evolution of the Mental domain was found. Conclusion: Pain, joint stiffness, and quality of life (Physical domain) improved with the inclusion of UC-II for 90 days to the therapeutic toolbox for knee osteoarthritis in individuals aged 60 to 80 years. Level of evidence II, Comparative Prospective Study.


There are many interests in the impact of the GMP implementation on pharmaceutical firm performance.On the basis of analyzing the influential paths of GMP implementation to pharmaceutical firm performance,this paper tests these paths using data obtained from questionnaire survey.The results show that:the first round of the GMP certification had both positive impacts and negative impacts,but the latter were more than the former in short run,so GMP certification generally had negative effects to the enterprise performance.Based on the conclusion,some suggestions were given.


We construct special cycles on the moduli stack of unitary shtukas. We prove an identity between (1) the r-th central derivative of non-singular Fourier coefficients of a normalized Siegel--Eisenstein series, and (2) the degree of special cycles of"virtual dimension 0"on the moduli stack of unitary shtukas with r legs. This may be viewed as a function-field analogue of the Kudla-Rapoport Conjecture, that has the additional feature of encompassing all higher derivatives of the Eisenstein series.


To promote intelligent and smart transportation services into our daily life the dedicated short range communication is an advanced technique. Data encoding techniques like FM0 and Manchester encoders are used to promote communication among vehicles. These encoding techniques generally works at transistor level hence the transmitted signal reach with dc-balance, enhance the signal reliability. In existing works the design has the limitation that it does not support fully reused VLSI architectures. To rectify these problems, the FM0 and Manchester encoders are designed with SOLS technique to achieve high speed and fully reused VLSI architectures for DSRC application systems. The performance of this paper is implemented on post layout simulation in 45nm CMOS technology. This model not only supports fully reused architecture but also provides high performance.


Absorption of light by a nanoparticle in the presence of resonant atom and fluorescence of the latter are theoretically investigated. It is shown, that absorption of light by a nanoparticle can be increased by several orders because of presence of atom. It is established, that optical bistability in such system is possible.


In this paper, we consider the numerical valuation of swing options in electricity markets based on a two-factor model. These kinds of contracts are modeled as path dependent options with multiple exercise rights. From a mathematical point of view, the valuation of these products is posed as a sequence of free boundary problems, where two exercise rights are separated by a time period. In order to solve the pricing problem, we propose appropriate numerical methods based on a Crank-Nicolson semi-Lagrangian method combined with biquadratic Lagrange finite elements for the discretization of the partial differential equation. In addition, we use an augmented Lagrangian active set method to cope with the early exercise feature when it appears. Moreover, we derive appropriate artificial boundary conditions to treat the unbounded domain numerically. Finally, we present some numerical results to illustrate the proper behavior of the numerical schemes.


Tidal level data of Dawanshan gauge station(21°56'N,113°43'E)as well as the daily data of prevailing wind direction and mean speed of Waglan Island(22°11'N,114°18'E),together with daily saltwater tide data from Xinhe sluice in Modao gate and Xiaoyin sluice in Hengmen are used to study the relationships between severe saline water intrusion and change of wind at Pearl river mouth in autumn of 2009.The mean monthly sea level is emphatically analyzed,particularly during autumn and winter.The results show that:Salinity intrusion tends to occur with high sea level and easterly wind,while low sea level and northerly wind do help to water supplement;the sea level at the Pearl river mouth shows quasi-synchronous with that of south China sea and rises in Dawanshan at a rate of 5~6 mm per month during 1984~2009,among which,monthly sea level of September and October in 2009 is the highest,and that of November 2009 is the third highest.


With the rapid development of manufacturing automation, traditional bolt tightening methods are difficult to adapt to the fast and high quality requirements of modern industry for product assembly. Even electric tightening has been put forward higher requirements, especially for those products that require high axis force control after bolt tightening. Therefore, it is particularly important to control the bolt tightening process and results. In this paper, three tightening methods are compared by experiments, and the torque-angle twice tightening method is chosen as the best one, which has the least attenuation and the minimum discrete rate of the axis force after 24 hours. Aiming at the difficult problem of how to control the axis force after tightening, a set of automatic control method using electric tightening machine is put forward. This method can accurately control the tightening position even if the workpiece with variable. At the same time, it can control the tightening process effectively by monitoring the relative relationship between tightening angle and Torque, in order to effectively ensure the modern manufacturing industry on Bolt Tightening axis force requirements.


Clarithromycin and azithromycin, newer macrolide antibiotics with minimal effects on hepatic cytochrome P-450, have not been evaluated for their interactions with terfenadine. The possible drug interactions between fluconazole and terfenadine have not yet been characterized. The concomitant administration of these agents with terfenadine is not recommended until more data are available. Other clinical conditions that alone may prolong the QT interval and possibly increase the likelihood of terfenadine cardiotoxicity include hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, and the congenital QT syndrome. Astemizole, a longer-acting nonsedating antihistamine, has been reported to cause a wide spectrum of cardiac dysrhythmias in patients with acute overdose but rarely at recommended dosages. In addition to torsades de pointes and other ventricular tachyarrhythmias with prolonged QTc interval, firstand second-degree atrioventricular blocks and bundle branch blocks have been described, the last particularly in children. Because of the long half-life of astemizole metabolites, several days of cardiac monitoring and supportive therapy are recommended in patients with overdose with this agent. Because of more limited experience with two other second-generation antihistamines soon to be available in the United States, cetirizine and loratidine, the spectrum of cardiac toxicity with these agents is less clear. Cetirizine is excreted largely unchanged in the urine, and patients with impaired renal function could have prolonged half-lifes for this drug. Loratidine, like astemizole and terfenadine, is metabolized by the liver. In any case, careful consideration to possible drug interactions and long-term clinical conditions should be given before prescribing second-generation antihistamines. DIANA MARQUARDT, MD San Diego, California


Using a combination of Quasiharmonic Lattice Dynamic and Molecular Dynamic Simulation methods in conjunction with well developed statistical thermodynamics theory the thermodynamic properties of nitrogen gas hydrates has been calculated, with the main focus on the thermal expansion coefficient. It is shown that nitrogen gas hydrate displays larger value of the thermal expansion coefficient in comparison with hexagonal ice Ih and empty gas hydrate lattice, moreover this value is very close to one of the carbon dioxide and to other hydrates that have self-preservation effect. Exactly because of this difference in the thermal expansion coefficient it is possible to confirm existence of the self-preservation effect. The self-preservation effect can be used for creation of low-cost technology of hydrates storage and transportation technology applicable for many gas types.


This paper presents the experimental setup and the first measurement results of a novel device for flow rate measurement in poorly conducting fluids. The device relies on the technique of Lorentz force velocimetry (LFV) which has been intensively studied by Thess et al. [1]. The results of our investigation show for the first time the feasibility of LFV in fluids with a conductivity less than 10 Sm. The resulting Lorentz force is in the order of magnitude of 10 N.


Corporations & plant operators are focused on improving profitability by every possible $ (Dollar). With no control over the feed stock and finished material pricing, which are mostly governed by regulations, operators must look with in their Operation & Maintenance (O&M) for possible areas of optimization. In modern days, CIOs are greatly empowered to drive Digital Transformation strategy and contribute in improved profitability. Many of such initiatives fail to deliver the desired outcomes in timely manner. This paper discusses the essential elements of EDGE analytics embedding the fundamental aspects of plant O&M in such Digital Transformation initiatives, and thus enabling faster value realization of the investment.

 Every industry can be looked in to three different tiers as Assets, Process & systems and Business. Each of them has different outcomes to contribute in overall profitability. Moreover, technology, methodology, people and their collaborative adoption play a big role in achieving those outcomes.
 Asset performance is evaluated using KPIs like availability, reliability, cost & Safety. Process involves interaction of people & process fluids with those assets. However, the fundaments remain same as the source of information, based on which the O&M decisions are taken.
 Transducers & measurements around plant assets are the single biggest source of information for such decision making. Often, this information is not best utilized in terms of generating proactive insights. Information from these measurements can be converted into simple analytics. E.g. Proximity type vibration transducer measures vibration amplitude which is used for equipment safe operation and shutdown when exceed the defined threshold. Same transducer also provides the gap voltage and spectral data. Analytics definition using proximity probe gap voltage will identify rotor position within the bearing and then comparing it across the machine train along with orbit preload can give significant information about rotor dynamics. Such analytics available at EDGE are often overlooked in enterprise level predictive analytics deployed by Artificial Intelligence/ Machine Learning. One of the reasons for it is cyber security concern for the data exchange across IT-OT network layers.
 This paper talks about implementing comprehensive strategy utilizing the information from EDGE devices for EDGE analytics, various challenges and possible way forward in complying to cyber security requirements for data exchange from OT-IT systems and thus enhancing value of big data in Data Lakes.

 EDGE analytics adds immense value for assets in achieving best of performance KPIs. With increased adoption of cyber security practices in plant operations, there are many IT approved architectures exist today to share these analytics insight to L4 - business network. With focus on industry domain experience around systems of systems and progressive thinking, EDGE analytics will play inevitable role in the overall success of O&G 4.0 in coming years.

 "Data is the new oil". Corporates in energy sectors are driving forth industrial revolution with this belief and investing heavily in big data-based projects. Asset condition monitoring systems at EDGE in OT domain remains in silos. High resolution static & dynamic data in various operating modes collected in these Condition monitoring systems hasn't been historically much interfaced with such big data projects. Use cases of such interfaces with static & dynamic data, benefits, related workflow, data exchange architecture is relatively newer in the industry. Comprehensive discussion of these aspects in this paper will enable industries to realize faster outcomes.


Brief series of simple chemical treatments found to enhance ability of zeolite to remove oxygen from mixture of gases. Thermally stable up to 700 degrees C and has high specific surface area which provides high capacity for adsorption of gases. To increase ability to adsorb oxygen selectively, copper added by ion exchange, and copper-exchanged zeolite reduced with hydrogen. As result, copper dispersed atomically on inner surfaces of zeolite, making it highly reactive to oxygen, even at room temperature. Reactivity to oxygen even greater at higher temperatures.


The Cornell University Life Sciences Core Laboratories Center (CLC) provides an array of genomics, proteomics, imaging and informatics shared research resources and services to the university community and to outside investigators. The CLC includes fee-for-service research, technology testing and development, and educational components. The Center has seven core facilities, including genomics (DNA sequencing, genotyping, and microarrays), epigenomics, proteomics and mass spectrometry, microscopy and imaging, bioinformatics, bio-IT, and advanced technology assessment. The CLC is part of a New York State designated Center for Advanced Technology in Life Science Enterprise. The mission of the CLC is to promote research in the life sciences with advanced technologies in a shared resource environment. Use of the CLC resources and services is steadily increasing due to the growth in the number and types of cores in the center, to the expansion of existing services and the implementation of new core technologies, and to the coordinated integration and synergy of services between the CLC cores. Multidisciplinary support for multi-functional instrument platforms is implemented by integrated operations of the CLC core facilities. Investigators are offered coordinated project consultations with the directors and staff of all relevant cores during the design, data production and analysis phases of their projects. The CLC is involved in establishing and supporting multidisciplinary research projects that involve both intercampus initiatives and multi-institutional collaborations. With a concentration of advanced instrumentation and expertise in their applications, the CLC is a key resource for life sciences research.


Happiness at work is one of important aspects need to be developed by individuals from any kind of profession. One of those profession is lecturer. Lecturer with happiness at work tends to be more productive and produce new and innovative ideas. This study aims to understand career happiness plan profile among lecturers. A descriptive study was conducted on 13 lecturers. Developmental goals measurment called Career Happiness Plan was used in this study to give information about factors contributed to lecturers' happiness as well as information about how lecturers cope with stress, crisis, and change or challenge situation at workplace. The result showed that factors affected happiness on lecturers were relationship to others, full engagement, meaning finding (spirituality), and career development.


In this paper presents , segmentation of blood vessels in retinal images based on neural network (NN) scheme of gray-level and moment invariants-based features. In the past, rural based methods are used segment the blood vessels. It has more complexity and less accuracy of blood vessels detection in retinal images. This paper proves better performance in terms of blood vessel detection in stare and retinal images. Its effectiveness and robustness with different image conditions, together with its simplicity and fast implementation, make this blood vessel segmentation proposal suitable for retinal image computer analyses such as automated screening for early diabetic retinopathy detection. The simulation results shows the better blood vessels detections in retinal images Index term Diabetic retinopathy, moment invariants, retinal imaging, telemedicine, vessels segmentation


Jurisdiction issue and service of creditor's petition debtor's petition interlocutory matters and hearing rescission and annulment of bankruptcy order consequences of bankruptcy order matters arising after the bankruptcy order the creditor's committee proofs of debt and dividends discharge apeals applications to the court and enforcement miscellaneous costs.


The invention provides a network system, an operating method thereof and a switch. An operating method of a network system includes setting a plurality of first connection ports from among a plurality of connection ports of a first switch as belonging to a first loop group; receiving, through the first switch, a topology change notification; determining, through the first switch, whether the topology change notification is received via one of the first connection ports; and under a condition that the topology change notification is received via one of the first connection ports, outputting, through the first switch, the topology change notification via the other one/ones of the first connection ports, and not via the connection port/ports which do/does not belong to the first loop group. With such operation, broadcasting the topology change notification can be avoided, so as to increase the efficiency, bandwidth, and stability of the network system.


This paper demonstrates the effect of extrusion stress and heat treatment on AM60structure and properties.The results show that increase of extrusion stress may improve the as cast structure and reduce distribution of dendritic structure.Transformation from bulk's abnormal distribution around grain boundary to granular discontinuity distribution around grain boundary can increase mechanical properties by taking solid solutional aging treatment ,grain spherazion and changes ofβ-Mg 17 Al 12 shape and distribution.


Abstract Both linear and aerial elements of forest recreational management should be equipped with recreational facilities which are called "small architecture". Small architecture is very diverse and serves many different functions, thus it is very important in recreation space. Recreation facilities have to be safe for potential users and offer comfort and relaxation. These conditions can be fulfilled if the construction of facilities is based on anthropometric features of the users. In this paper, there are presented the results of analyses carried out with regard to adaptating technical parameters of selected forest facilities to potential user anthropometry. The study was conducted in Warsaw municipal forests. The analyses were based on analytical formulas, which give appropriate information about the parameters of perfectly designed facilities. Examination of technical condition of the recreation facilities analyzed was also included in the study.


Percutaneous mitral valvotomy is effective alternative for management of patients with symptomatic mitral stenosis in pregnant women. Gravid uterus may compress and distort inferior vena cava. Patients will have their abdomen shielded with lead sheets to limit fetal radiation exposure. We report a case of six month pregnant women with critical mitral stenosis suitable for PMV. During introduction of Mullins sheath into innominate vein, little resistance was encountered. We could not exactly ascertain the cause as abdomen shielded was there. Mullins sheath was reintroduced and procedure was completed. At the end sudden hypotension was detected with patient complaining of right hip pain. Venogram showed contrast extravasations from the right common iliac vein confirming iliac vein disruption. Accura balloon was placed across the perforated segment and inflated twice for 4 mints, sealing the perforation. This case shows that immediate treatment with balloon tamponade can result in a successful outcome.


The contents of six elements(Fe,Mg,Mn,Cu,Al and Zn) in red jujube from different areas were determined by ICP-AES.The red jujube samples were digested by microwave with HNO3-H2O2 solution as reagent,the conditions of pretreatment for samples were discussed.The reliability of analitical data was checked by additional standard recovery test.Under the optimal conditions,the detection limits of the six elements were in the range of 0.0005—0.0100μg·mL-1.The recoveries were in the range of 90.0%—103.6%,with the RSD≤4.2%.The method is easy,rapid and accurate.


Fat malabsorption may be accurately detected in adults by measuring the excretion of /sup 14/CO/sub 2/ in breath following oral administration of a tracer dose of /sup 14/C-labeled triglyceride. In order to detect fat malabsorption in children and in women of child-bearing age without radiation hazard, the use of trioctanoin labeled with the stable, nonradioactive isotope /sup 13/C has been inaugurated and validated for use in this breath test. The validation tests with both /sup 14/C- and /sup 13/C-trioctanoin were conducted in 14 adult patients with varying degrees of fat malabsorption and demonstrated that the labels were excreted at nearly identical rates (r = 0.97). After establishment of dose requirements and measurement of endogenous /sup 13/CO/sub 2/ production rates, nine children aged 3 months to 5 years were evaluated for fat malabsorption. The results obtained with the /sup 13/C-trioctanoin breath test were compared to those obtained by a quantitative 72 hr fat balance study. The cumulative excretion of /sup 13/CO/sub 2/ by 2 hr was 25 +- 2.5% (ave. +- S.D.) of the dose in patients with normal fat absorption and provided a clear differentiation (p < 0.001) from the 3.5 +- 2.5% of the dose excreted by those withmore » steatorrhea due to untreated pancreatic insufficiency resulting from cystic fibrosis. Peak /sup 13/CO/sub 2/ levels occurred at 1.5 hr in both groups with some overlap. Addition of exogenous pancreatic enzymes improved fat absorption and increased /sup 13/CO/sub 2/ excretion fourfold. The correlation between the percent of fat intake excreted and the cumulative /sup 13/CO/sub 2//mmol CO/sub 2/ excreted by 3 hr was very good (r = -0.88) in all patients. These data indicate that the /sup 13/C-trioctanoin breath test provides accurate detection of fat malabsorption in children with pancreatic insufficiency. This noninvasive technique is more convenient than 72 hr stool collection and permits safe and sensitive metabolic studies in children without exposure to radiation.« less


Party-masses relationship is the basis of a harmonious society,and governing for the interests of people is the core of achieving the harmonious Party-masses relationship.The basic idea of building the harmonious Party-masses relationship is interests-oriented、promoting development、coordinating interests and without competing for interests with people.Insistence on the combination of sense and sensibility is the basic requirement of building a harmonious Party-masses relationship,taking affection as a bond to promote the harmony of Party-masses relationship,while at the same time taking institution as a bond to discipline Party-masses relationship.


Despite some spectacular e‐learning failures in recent years, e.g. the British government's "e University",educational technologies have continued developing and have made advances in several learning paradigms. These new learning paradigms appear as newways to deal with the old traditional learning concepts and philosophies throughout the widespread of technical gadgets and approaches. In fact, the current generation of high school children and young adults are now really familiar with a whole range of devices such as Bluetooth mobiles, digital cameras, and MP3 music players such as the iPod, which has ensured their acceptance of digital technology in a way that their predecessors did not. Research indicates that despite earlier e‐learning setbacks, with the relevant planning, e‐learning partnerships can be successful. Nevertheless, the question as to how teaching and learning can benefit from these new information technologies and environments and how academic staff can keep pace with the ever‐changing technology needs to be addressed.


In this paper, new methods for providing the correctness of refinement among abstract sequential machine style programs are described. The programs are described in algebraic language ASL using some useful notions, i.e., the extended projection and the valid reachability condition for each transition function. These notions allow a designer to refine a given text (program or specification) to a concrete text more freely than the text that does not use such notions. These notions can also enhance the expressive power of the text.

On the other hand, these advantages would have lost half their values, if useful methods to prove the correctness of refinement among the texts using them are not found. Thus new methods for proving the correctness of the texts are proposed, and they do not require much proof loads.

First the correctness of refinement among the ASL texts with the extended projection is defined. Second, a method is proposed for proving the correctness of refinement among such texts. Also proposed is a definition of the correctness of refinement among the texts with the valid reachability conditions and a method to prove their correctness. These methods do not require more proof loads than the usual methods for the texts that do not use such notions in the abstract sequential machine style. Therefore, these methods are useful.


This is difficult to change the cooling rate, solidification sikilsu quenched with a large cooling rate, and also provides a fine powder of a method of easily manufacturing a metal powder that is created, and a manufacturing device. Therefore, the inner peripheral surface of the cooling cylinder (1) for supplying the cooling liquid ejected to form a cooling liquid layer (9) moving while turning along the inner peripheral surface of cylinder toward the cooling liquid discharge end of the cylinder (1); Supplying molten metal (25) in the inner space portion 23 of the cooling liquid layer (9); Supplying the molten metal 25, the cooling liquid layer (9) of molten metal division as the division at the same time by attaching the blowing gas jets 26, which direct the cooling liquid to the layers (9); The cooling liquid containing a metal powder solidified in the cooling liquid layer 9 from the cooling liquid discharge end of the tubular body (1) is discharged to the outside.


The transport of three gas species, O2, H2O and N2, through the cathode of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is studied numerically. The diffusion of the individual species is modeled via the Maxwell–Stefan equations, coupled with appropriate conservation equations. Two mechanisms are assumed for the internal energy sources in the system: a volumetric heat source due to the electrical current flowing through the cathode; and heat flow towards the cathode at the cathode-membrane interface due to the exothermic chemical reaction at this interface, in which water is generated. The governing equations of the unsteady fluid motion are written in fully conservative form, and consist of the following: (i) three equations for the mass conservation of the species; (ii) the momentum equation for the mixture, which is approximated using Darcy's Law for flow in porous media; and (iii) an energy equation, written in a form that has enthalpy as the dependent variable.


Title of thesis : Screening of pigeonpea genotypes against important insect pests and their management. Full name of the degree holder : Krishan Yadav Admission No. : 2010A24M Title of degree : M.Sc. (Entomology) Name and address of major advisor : Dr. Roshan Lal Sr. Scientist Department of Entomology CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana Degree awarding University/ Institute : Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (India) Year of award of degree : 2013 Major subject : Entomology Total number of pages in thesis : 43+iv Number of words in the abstract : 357 The present study was conducted at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (India). A total of 15 genotypes were taken for screening against Clavigralla gibbosa(Spinola), Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner), Melanagromyza obtuse (Malloch)&Mylabris pustulata(Thunberg) and their management. Pod damage by H. armigera ranged from 1.3 to 11%. The genotypes AL 1495 and AL 1735 were found to be least susceptible (PSR-2) against H. armigera. Maximum larval population of H. armigera was recorded at 16 and 18 week after sowing. Grain damage by M. obtusa ranged from 2 to 17%. The genotypes H 2000-47, H 03-41, AL 1747, H 05-62 and H 05-39 were found to be moderately resistant (PSR-3) against M. obtusa. Maximum population of nymphs and adults of tur pod bug was recorded during 18 week after sowing and highest population was recorded in genotype Manak. The genotypes AL 1747, Pusa 992, H 03-41 and H 05-62 were found to be less susceptible against C. gibbosa. The genotypes H 05-42, H 05-12, Paras and Manak were found to be less susceptible against adults of M. pustulata. Morphological characters i.e. 50% flowering, number of grains and trichome density have no influence on M. obtusa and H. armigera susceptibility, however, podwall thickness was found negatively correlated with M. obtusa infestation and length & width of grains was negatively correlated with H. armigera infestation but the parameter width of grains was positively correlated with M. obtusa infestation. The biochemical characteristics of green seeds of different pigeonpea genotypes i.e. total sugars and proteins have positive effect on M. obtusa infestation, while phenols contributed negative effect. The insecticides indoxacarb 14.5 % SC and spinosad 45% SC were found to be most effective against larval population of H. armigera. Minimum population of C. gibbosa was recorded in plots treated with thiodicarb 75% WP and spinosad 45 % SC. deltamethrin 2.8 % EC and fenvalerate 20% EC were found to be effective against M. pustulata. Maximum yield was obtained in plots treated with thiodicarb 75% WP (11.65 q/ha). The per cent increase in yield over untreated control was maximum in thiodicarb 75% WP and minimum in NSKE 5% (7.0%). SIGNATURE OF STUDENT MAJOR ADVISOR


Within the discourse promoting transdisciplinary research (TDR), also referred to as Mode 2 science, it is often claimed that scientifically coping with urgent life-world problems calls for interdisciplinary participatory research (or TDR), and that this represents a new mode of knowledge production. Although we look upon TDR as a fertile innovation, we have epistemological and methodological concerns in treating TDR as a (singular) new mode of knowledge production. Hence, our paper attempts to contribute to clarifying the meaning of TDR from an epistemological and methodological perspective. We develop a conceptual scheme for the analysis of knowledge production in problem-oriented research, which is subsequently applied to an empirical analysis of 16 transdisciplinary research projects. In our analysis, we focus upon forms of knowledge integration and participation. The results indicate that, from an epistemological point of view, TDR does not represent a specific mode of knowledge production, but a rather heterogeneous conglomeration of different research activities. In order to evaluate the epistemic potential of TDR, we conclude that it would be wise to disentangle it methodologically into various types of research objectives and related research instruments.


With the advent of multicore architectures, there arises a need for comparative evaluations of the performance of well-understood parallel programs. It is necessary to gain an insight into the potential advantages of the available computing node configurations in order to select the appropriate computing node for a particular shared-memory parallel application. This paper presents a methodology to resolve this issue, by constructing a database with behavior information for various representative shared-memory programming structures, and then estimating the application behavior as a combination of these data. These structures are represented by small specific chunks of code called microbenchmarks (μB) based on the study of memory access patterns of shared-memory parallel applications. μBs set is run on each candidate node, and all execution performance profiles are stored in a database for future comparisons. Then, applications are executed on a base node to identify different execution phases and their weights, and to collect performance and functional data for each phase. Information to compare behavior is always obtained on the same node (Base Node (BN)). The best matching performance profile (from performance profile database) for each phase, is then searched. Finally, the candidates nodes performance profiles identify in the match process are used to project performance behavior in order to select the appropriate node for running the application. Resource centers own different machine configurations. This methodology helps the users or systems administrator of data centers to schedule the jobs efficiently. 1


OBJECTIVE
To explore the mechanism of acupuncture in treatment of multi-infarct dementia (MID).

METHODS
The multi-infarct dementia model was made by injection of emboli into the internal carotid artery. The dementia rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: model group, acupuncture group and non-acupoint acupuncture group, and a normal group and a sham operation group were set up. The expression of CuZnSOD in the hippocampus of the rats were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical assay, and effects of acupuncture were analyzed.

RESULTS
The expressions of mRNA and protein of CuZnSOD in the hippocampus of the model group were significantly attenuated as compared with that in the normal control group. Both the parameters above were significantly increased in the acupuncture group as compared with the model control group, but with no significant difference between the acupuncture group and the normal control group.

CONCLUSION
Acupuncture can up-regulate the expressions of mRNA and protein of CuZnSOD in the rat with MID, so as to strengthen activity of antioxidase and effectively remove free radicals and improve intelligence of MID rats.


Background To retrospectively investigate the application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound on sentinel lymph node (SLN-CEUS) for SLN evaluation and mapping in breast cancer patients. Methods Patients diagnosed with breast cancer at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from June 2019 to March 2021 were conveniently evaluated by SLN-CEUS. The results of SLN-CEUS and B mode-ultrasound (BUS) were collected and compared. For patients who only underwent SLN-CEUS, we conducted a 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM). The diagnostic parameters, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), false negative rate (FNR), false positive rate (FPR), and proportion of undetermined diagnoses were compared between the SLN-CEUS and BUS cohorts. The identification rate and FNR of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) were also assessed. Results There were 327 patients in each of the SLN-CEUS and BUS cohorts. Among the entire cohort, both NPV [90.2% (95% CI, 85.4–93.5%) vs. 83.5% (95% CI, 77.8–88.0%), P=0.048] and accuracy [80.7% (95% CI, 76.5–85.0%) vs. 73.7% (95% CI, 68.9–78.5%), P<0.001] of SLN-CEUS were significantly higher than those of BUS. In non-neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) patients, the NPV [94.7% (95% CI, 89.9–97.4%) vs. 85.5% (95% CI, 79.1–90.2%), P=0.007] and accuracy [87.6% (95% CI, 83.2–92.0%) vs. 76.0% (95% CI, 70.4–81.5%), P<0.001] of SLN-CEUS were significantly higher than those of BUS. In NAT patients, no difference in diagnostic efficacy was found. The proportion of undetermined diagnoses of SLN-CEUS was significantly lower than that of BUS (5.8% vs. 15.3%, P<0.001). The identification rate of SLN-CEUS in overall patients, non-NAT patients, and NAT patients was 94.2%, 96.3%, and 89.9%, respectively. The FNR of SLNB with the blue-dye tracer in combination with SLN-CEUS in overall patients, non-NAT patients, and NAT patients was 7.3%, 4.0%, and 12.5%, respectively. Conclusions Compared to BUS, SLN-CEUS is a better technique for diagnosing SLNs in early breast cancer patients, showing superiority in multiple diagnostic parameters. However, the diagnostic value of SLN-CEUS in NAT patients is still undetermined. SLN-CEUS is a promising mapping method in SLNB, with a high identification rate and a low FNR when used in combination with a blue-dye tracer.


which the temperature of the mesentery and the pressure in the micropipette system are displayed), and a mixing box is used to superimpose this image on to one corner of the principle picture showing red cells in the capillary. The composite picture together with a spoken commentary is recorded on 1 in. videotape and the movements of the red cells determined by playing back the videotape and making measurements on stationary single frames of the positions of a chosen red cell against the scale at times recorded on the digital clock. The red cell movements are converted into rates of filtration or reabsorption of water across unit area of capillary wall. By perfusing the capillary at a series of different pressures, the relationship between filtration rate per unit area of capillary wall and capillary pressure may be determined. The slope of this relationship is the filtration coefficient or hydraulic conductivity of the capillary wall.


The paper deals with the wireless sensor-based remote control of mobile robots motion in an unknown environment with obstacles using the Sun SPOT technology and gives the fuzzy velocity control of a mobile robot motion in an unknown environment with slopes and obstacles. The model of the vehicle has two driving wheels and the angular velocities of the two wheels are independently controlled. When the vehicle is moving towards the target and the sensors detect an obstacle or slopes, an avoiding strategy and velocity control are necessary. We proposed the wireless sensor-based remote control of mobile robots motion in an unknown environment with obstacles using the Sun SPOT technology and a fuzzy reactive navigation strategy of collision-free motion and velocity control in an unknown environment with slopes and obstacles. Outputs of the fuzzy controller are the angular speed difference between the left and right wheels of the vehicle and the vehicle velocity. The simulation results show the effectiveness and the validity of the obstacle avoidance behavior in an unknown environment and velocity control of the proposed fuzzy control strategy. The proposed method have been implemented on the miniature mobile robot Khepera® that is equipped with sensors and the free range Spot.


The southern rangelands of Kenya are prone to frequent droughts and crop failures leading to serious food shortages. The effect of the farmer practice (flat seedbed), tiedridging and contour furrows water harvesting techniques and five integrated nutrient management practices on the performance of rainfed maize was studied both on-station (Katumani) and on-farm at the southern rangelands of Kenya (Kibwezi) during the 2006 short rains season. Both shelled and unshelled maize yields responded positively to both water harvesting techniques and integrated nutrient management options. Of the two water-harvesting techniques, the tied ridging had the highest positive effect on grain yield. A combined application of manure and inorganic fertilizers has a highly positive effect on maize yields. In the absence of inorganic fertilizers, a minimum of manure at 10 t ha should be applied on maize plots. The tied-ridging technique should be recommended to farmers in the Machakos and Kibwezi in the southern rangelands of semi-arid Kenya.


Abstract Background: Acute gonadotropin responses following depot leuprolide acetate injection are useful for monitoring therapeutic efficacy in central precocious puberty. Similar monitoring of therapy in patients treated with another widely used GnRH agonist, depot triptorelin, has not yet been reported. Objective: The objective of this study was to test the use of gonadotropin levels after therapeutic injections of depot triptorelin for evaluating efficacy of therapy. Patients and methods: Thirty-two patients (29 girls and three boys) were treated with triptorelin depot, 3.75 mg per vial, between 2006 and 2010. Treatment was initiated at 8.27±1.76 years (range, 4.6–11.6 years). Blood was drawn before and at variable times between 30 min and 2 h after injections. Clinical tests were retrospectively collected. Results: After the first injection, the 60-min mean luteinizing hormone (LH) level was 21.6.1±18.0 IU/L and the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was 13.5±3.6 IU/L. After subsequent injections, for those who showed clinical suppression, the standard deviations above the mean were 3.6 IU/L for FSH and 2.1 IU/L for LH. The LH levels of two patients who did not suppress sufficiently were at these limits or higher. Conclusions: Sixty-minute postinjection depot triptorelin levels of LH can be successfully used to evaluate the efficacy of treatment with this agent. Limits for suppressed levels have been determined.


Nuclear propulsion using hydrogen has been demonstrated to operate at nearly twice the performance level of today`s chemical rockets. However, higher temperatures lead to a variety of degradations that compromise safety and longevity. Foremost among these is the melting of the propulsion reactor fuel. The melting behaviour of the U-Zr-C and U-Nb-C systems have been evaluated.


A series of massive molybdenum and tungsten specimens coated with thin layers of chromium and nickel respectively were treated by diffusion annealing at various temperatures. Radiographic studies followed the treatment and calculations or photometric curves were made according to formulas previously developed. Distributions of concentrations and gradient concentrations in the alloys resulting from the diffusion were determined and diffusion coefficients for various temperatures were evaluated. The activation energy and pre- exponential multiplier values were determined. (tr-auth)


This study uses a literature review to explain the characteristics and patterns of fishing villages. In some literature, it is known that a pattern of Fishermen's villages arises because of the same behavior pattern, the majority of which depend on income from fishing. Many studies explain that fishermen make the Sea a dominant factor in earning income, but seasonal fishermen work causes fishermen to have alternative income from other sectors, whether or not related to the sea. The culture of the fishermen provides a characteristic for the form of single occupancy and in the village scale, in several studies showing the form of single occupancy of fishermen reflects a need, and adaptation to nature as a form of disaster response. Single occupancy of fisherman has the characteristic of a veranda that functions as a family gathering place or as a place to repair nets and warehouses that serve to store equipment. The characteristic sediment in the village scale, the Fishermen's village is oriented to the sea, and in the village facilities are the availability of boat berths for ship stops, as well as the availability of Tempat Pelelangan Ikan (TPI) to facilitate the sale and purchase transactions of the sea. Other supporting factors that support village life are infrastructure and public facilities, infrastructure related to roads, drainage, clean water and electricity, while public facilities consist of schools and places of worship. The linkages between village components make an identity of a fisherman village.


Capacitive power transfer (CPT) systems usually have high voltage stresses among coupler plates and compensation capacitors due to small coupling capacitances. High voltages across the coupler plates will incur the strong electric field emission, and it is thus difficult to select compensation capacitors with high voltage stresses. To solve this problem, this brief analyzes a double-sided LC compensated CPT system systematically and finds an operating frequency to realize the load-independent constant current (CC) output and input zero-phase angle (ZPA) simultaneously. Without reactive power in the circuit, a design method is proposed to determine the compensation parameters and operating frequency using the given voltage ratings of coupler plates and compensation capacitors. Thus, voltage stresses among these capacitors could be optimized under their predesigned voltage ratings. The sensitivities of input impedance, output current to variations of compensation parameters are also discussed to realize soft switching. Finally, a prototype of the CPT converter with two types of proposed parameters and symmetric parameters is built to verify the analysis.


This paper introduces a new stock portfolio selection model in non-stochastic environment. Following the principle of maximum entropy, a new entropy-cost ratio function is introduced as the objective function. The uncertain returns, risks and dividends of the securities are considered as interval numbers. Along with the objective function, eight different types of constraints are used in the model to convert it into a pragmatic one. Three different models have been proposed by defining the future financial market optimistically, pessimistically and in the combined form to model the portfolio selection problem. To illustrate the effectiveness and tractability of the proposed models, these are tested on a set of data from Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). The solution has been done by genetic algorithm.


This paper aims to advance the theory and practice of landscape heritage planning, design and management, focusing especially on the question: what are the relationships between landscape narratives – the ways in which we tell the story of a landscape – and landscape heritage outcomes (landscape practice – planning, design, management – based on particular readings of the past)? The paper explores this question through a critical examination of three different narrative accounts of Parkwood Springs, an urban waste site in the city of Sheffield, UK: a conventional history, a personal experiential account, and an analysis based on the Sheffield Historic Landscape Characterisation. The critique is informed by a cross-disciplinary theoretical discussion of the ways time is conceptualized and presented in narrative, and how these conceptualizations influence future landscapes.


How is it that the most formal and, often, the most abstract of films and the most political, and sometimes, didactic of films arise, fruitfully intermingle, and then separate in a common historical moment? What motivated this separation and to what extent did it both succeed and fail? Our understanding of the relationship between documentary film and the modernist avant-garde requires revision. Specifically, we need to recon-


The use of fuel cells as a power source has been successful for manned space applications on short-lived missions as is evident from the Gemini, Apollo and Orbiter missions. In the latter two programs, the alkaline technology has been the system of choice; whereas the Gemini program experimented with the proton-exchange membrane technology (PEM). Although the alkaline technology has enjoyed a certain degree of popularity among the various fuel cell concepts for space applications, there are no clear-cut favorites for one fuel cell technology over others when the duty cycle becomes long as it would in extensive long-lived missions.


Three group studies and one single-subject experiment met all criteria for inclusion. The studies differed widely in the participants included (three studies trained parents and one trained teachers and educational assistants; target children varied in age, type and severity of CP, and cognitive development) and the interventions studied (see outcomes above). Each study demonstrated improvement in partners' interactional behaviors and three studies showed positive changes in target child behaviors as well. Due to the differences in interventions studied and measurement tools used across studies, the results were not aggregated in a meta-analysis.


The antigen TA4 is a 25 kD protein that is composed of 2 polypeptides of 17 and 8 kD respectively, linked by a disulfide bond. It is located on the surface of sporozoites and synthesized throughout the latter half period of sporulation. The TA4 gene of Eimeria tenella BJ strain has a 99% homology with the published data. In this study, the gene TA4 of E. tenella BJ strain was ligated to the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX-KG and induced to express in E.coli BL21 (DE3). The results indicated that the fusion GST-TA4 protein is about 43 kD instead of 51 kD shown from SDS-PAGE result. This means that the disulfide bond linking the 17 and 8 kD polypeptides would be broken during the boiling pre-treatment of samples before SDS-PAGE, and only the 17 kD polypeptide was linked to the 26 kD GST protein. In the large-scale purification of the fusion protein, the cells were lysed with repeated freeze-melt; the inclusion bodies were denatured and dissolved in 8mol·L-1 urine solution containing reduced glutathione. The recombinant protein purified with glutathione Sepharose 4B showed 2 bands of 51 kD (primary) and 43 kD (secondary) respectively in SDS-PAGE. This means that the disulfide bond would not break completely in purifying conditions of this experiment. In the further investigation, when the purified protein was treated boiledly, the ratio of 51 kD protein decreased while that of 43 kD protein increased simultaneously. This means that the purifying conditions v/ill affect the structure of GST-TA4 protein. Further investigation should be done to compare the immune-protective effects of different kinds of fusion proteins.


Tlze Politics of Work examines continuity and change in paid employment in three key Victorian manufacturing industries, namely the clothing, footwear and printing industries, between the boom of the 1880s and the end of the 1930s depression. As the subtitle suggests, the study is concerned above all else with exploring and explaining the historical links between gender and developments in paid employment. The narrative unfolds as a drama in three parts, with each part conforming to