US battle labs are in the lead around the world. Since the 1990's an integrated experimentation system, which covers technical, tactical and battle level, and includes services and joint operations level, has primarily been built in US. In the paper, the primary reason why US highs on building battle labs is analyzed. US main battle labs and the main technical method and procedure are summarized. The characteristics and advance of US battle labs are analyzed, on the basis of which, revelations about organizing and top-level designing, researching and applying new technology, following requirements and utilizing research results, construction outlays and emphasis are presented. It provides important reference for building Chinese battle labs.


We demonstrate aggregate data rates of 2 and 4 Tb/s using an InAs/InP quantum dash optical frequency comb source for transmission over 80 km-SMF and compare the performance to that of integrated tunable assembly lasers.


Objective To study the clinicopathologic characteristics of the primary tumors of the spleen.Methods Twelve cases of primary tumors of the spleen were studied by clinicopathology in combination with the review of the literature.Results Twelve cases of primary tumors of the spleen include 5 cases of hemangioma,2 case of hamartomas,1 case of epidermoid cysts,2 cases of malignant lymphomas,1 case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma and 1 case of angiosarcoma.Six benign cases were alive without recurrence arter operation,2 benign cases died of other diseases,whereas 4 malignant cases all died within 8 monthes after treatment.Conclusions Primary tumors of the spleen are rare,imaging examinations (BUS,CT,MRI)are contributive to finding the lesions,and diagnosis and differential diagnosis depend on pathology.Surgical resection is the first choice in the treatment.The prognosis of malignant cases is bad.


Objective:To establish an HPLC method to determine related substances in Azelastine hydrochloride tablets. Methods:HPLC the analytical column was Kromasil-C18 (4.6 mm×150 mm 5 μm);The mobile plase was 4% triethylamine (adjusted to pH6.0 with HAC)-acetonitrile-methanol (45:20:35);the detected wavelength was 250 nm;flow rate was 1 ml/ min.Results:The resolution between Azelastine hydrochloride and related substances was satisfied,and the LOD of Azelas tine hydrochloride was 2.0 ng.Conclusion:A simple,accurate and sensitive HPLC method to determine related substances in Azelastine hydrochloride was established.


The fermion-gauge-scalar models exhibit interesting chiral phase structure. To study the properties of the critical phenomena on computer, we further develop some new efficient numerical methods applicable to the chiral limit where the conventional algorithms cannot reach.


Background Depression can affect nursing students' quality of life, academic performance, and clinical self-efficacy and may interfere with their relationship with patients. The purpose of this study was to compare of depression rate between the first- and final-year nursing students in Kermanshah, Iran. Methods In this descriptive–analytical study, 60 first-year and 42 last-year nursing students were enrolled. The participants were chosen using the census sampling method. The data collection tool was Beck's Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results In our study, 61.7% (n = 37) of the first year and 38.1% (n = 16) of the last year students had varying degrees of depression. The rate of depression was significantly higher in first-year students than last-year students (p = 0.013). Discussion Given the relatively high rate of depression among nursing students, the need for targeted planning to control their mental health, especially in the first year of study, is of importance.


cleanse Judaism of its superstitious, philosophically unacceptable religious elements (as well as clearing out philosophically unacceptable philosophical elements introduced by earlier thinkers). He is seeking to establish what Feldman appropriately labels in his subtitle a 'Judaism within the limits of reason'. In this regard, it seems appropriate to see Gersonides' philosophy as the apotheosis of medieval Jewish rationalism, at least until Spinoza comes along several centuries later and takes everything to its ultimate logical (and extreme) conclusion. Gersonides' philosophy is complex, his views often difficult to unravel. However, Feldman does a terrific job of exposition and philosophical examination. His analyses are clear and accessible without being oversimplified. He does great justice to Gersonides' thought, as well as to its historico-philosophical contexts. The book is also a pleasure to read. This is just the kind of study on Gersonides that we have long needed, and one can only hope that it will draw more philosophers toward this seminal figure too long ignored by non-specialists.


Rising maintenance costs due to the complexity of naval vessel systems have emphasised the importance of cost-effective maintenance practises. The current preventative maintenance approach schedules maintenance based on fixed-time intervals, leading to excess cost and
time spent on maintenance. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative maintenance
practises. Challenges exist due to both the naval context and implementation of an alternative
maintenance strategy. While reliability-based approaches are popular, they do not include a
measure of severity of failure. This is necessary to produce a more-informed maintenance
schedule. Risk-based maintenance (RBM) approaches use the product of severity and failure
probability as an estimate of risk to schedule maintenance. Such an approach provides greater
flexibility in maintenance intervals, allowing maintenance to be performed 'on-condition'. RBM
had existed since the 1970s when it was developed for the nuclear power industry, though it had
not been widely adopted for naval vessels to date. The present paper aims to describe the history
of RBM for mobile maritime assets such as naval ships; by determining when RBM methodologies
were developed. Eight RBM methodologies were identified, seven of which focused on
components and one on a subsystem. Research focus on the development of RBM for mobile
maritime assets had been found follow an increasing trend since the 1980s. Future research
directions are proposed for the development of RBM for naval vessels.


Macroporous resin was selected for the separation of reserpine with adsorption capacity and elution ratio as criteria. Experimental results showed that macroporous resin HZ-818 was suitable for the purification of reserpine. Optimal conditions for adsorption and elution of reserpine were determined. Adsorption isothermal curve, adsorption kinetics, adsorption and elution properties of selected resin were investigated. Extraction solution of root of plant Rauwolfia vomitoria apart from ethanol at natural pH (pH 1) was adsorbed and adsorption capacity 9.34mg/mL wet resin was obtained. Industrial ethanol-water (80:20, pH 1.0) was used as eluent and elution ratio 99.3% was got. The adsorption isothermal curve of reserpine by resin HZ-818 accords with Langmuir equation. The adsorption amount can increase rapidly at the beginning of adsorption, then the adsorption rate decreased. Resin HZ-818 has large adsorption capacity and high elution ratio, which can concentrate reserpine solution over 50 times. It is fit for industrial production.


Morphology and purity of crystalline particles of m-chloronitrobenzene (m-CNB) from a batch suspension crystallizer were experimentally examined for the m-CNB and o-CNB eutectic system. There are two types in product particles, agglomerates and non-agglomerates. The agglomerates are constituted by several elementary crystals whose sizes are almost equal to the number-based mean size of non-agglomerates. The purity of agglomerates is lower than non-agglomerates and decreases with increasing size. This is caused by entrainment of mother liquor in the bridges during agglomeration.


Spanish Civil War(1936—1939)has an important influence on the Spanish history that imposed the unprecedented catastrophe on the Spanish.The war was ended in the success of Franco Dictatorship.The essay put emphasize on the major causes of Franco's ultimate victory: why the Popular Front Government that gained unprecedented public approval was defeated by the rebel army.


Apparatus (200) communications comprising: a resource (202) processing arranged to support, when in use, a user interface in order to control one or more functions of a main application (276), and at least an external application relative to the main application and a GUI (272, 278) user; means (214, 280) storing data comprising a plurality of user interface templates, each template comprising user interface a predetermined expression of a number of user interface elements; and a host entity (272, 278) user interface arranged to access, when in use, a template (140) user interface from the storage means selectable data in response to a message received from a or more external applications, said user interface being arranged to translate the template user interface selected from the predetermined expression of the number of elements of user interface, in an instantiation (342, 344) user interface, one interface (288) communications capable of supporting communication with said one or more external applications (294) with respect to the main application via a network (200, 128, 122) communication, providing said processing resource remote access external application through the user interface through the communications network, and wherein the host entity (272, 278) user interface is arranged, when in use, to: receive a message from an external application with a template selection user interface, or send a message to an external application identifying a template selected user interface; receiving at least one external application message configuration data specifying information to rendering in order to display for at least one user interface template selected user interface; generate event data in response to a user interaction with the at least one user interface template selected user interface; and send the event data generated external application for interpretation by this.


Objective to evaluate the features of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus(PVTT) by CDFI. Methods The features of CDFI was respectively analysed in 51 HCC with PVTT. Results the infiltrated portal veins were dilated. Color blood flow of invaded portal veins may by partly defected, linear thin, spoted, disappeared, collateral circulation, with regurgitation of conjoined hepatic artery-portal vein. Hepatic artery diameter was significantly widened and blood flow velocity was increased. Conclusion CDFI can assess objectively change of the portal vein and hepatic atery′s conformation and hemodynamics, there is value of highly appreciated.


This study seeks to classify Nakagin Capsule Tower whose construction was completed in 1972 as the modular construction system. Towards this end, the technical aspects of the construction method were investigated through a comparison with the current modular buildings. As a result of the study, it was possible to classify it as a type of the modular construction method, and therefore detailed studies are needed to develop the current modular construction method with respect to the factory productivity, transport, lifting and installation, and maintenance through one type of capsule(modular unit), including the internal built-In furniture.


To investigate the clinical implications of a genetic polymorphism in glycoprotein 96 (GP96), by analyzing the association between the genotype and haplotype of GP96 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).


FMS which has a concept that wireless terminal can replace wire terminal services is a technologies that is can provide service costs same as wire terminal in the special zone. Enterprise type of FMC that is developed making up for the weak point is must have to improve voice quality and FMC performance in the soft phone. This paper measure voice quality based on the one way of the total estimated delay time of FMC to carry out IMS services between IP-PBX and FMC soft-phone to operate it`s controller optimally and put forward evidence to be in 120ms and 150ms in the VoIP FMC voice quality. To measure FMC performances in four categories evaluated trials and prove its performances.


Our previous studies have shown that DNA methyltransferases (Dnmt) and Epo hypermethylation are upregulated in myofibroblasts in fibrotic murine kidneys. Demethylation leads to redifferentiation of myofibroblasts into pericytes. Furthermore, nontoxic doses of 5-azacytidine can restore EPO production and ameliorate anemia in mice with kidney fibrosis. Physiologic hydroxymethylation in zygotes is mediated by the 10 − 11 translocation enzymes (Tet1, Tet2, and Tet3).

 The mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced kidney fibrosis has been found to display enhanced Tet1 and Tet3 mRNA expression at day 7 and marked increase with the disease progression.

 According to the results, Tet expression significantly increased in fibrotic kidney. To study the effect of myofibroblast-specific Tet3 knockout in murine models of renal fibrosis. Tet3F/F mice were generated by a targeting vector with floxed region contains exons 8-9 of Tet3, which included the coding region for the conserved Fe2+-binding motif of dioxygenase. Gli1CreERT2/+;Tet3F/F mice were used to induce knockout of Tet3 in pericytes and myofibroblasts after tamoxifen administration. Tet3F/F mice were used as the control. Oral gavage of tamoxifen 8 mg/day for 3 days was used to activate Cre recombinase in Gli1+ pericytes and myofibroblasts in adult mice (6-8 week). After two-week washout period, mice were subjected to UUO for 7 or 14 days. The body weight, plasma creatinine and BUN levels showed no significant differences between groups in mice after induction and also UUO surgery. Plasma levels of BUN and creatinine were maintained within the normal range by normally functioning contralateral kidneys after UUO surgery. In UUO kidneys, knockout of Tet3 decreased renal α-SMA and Col1a1 expression. But plasma hematocrit and renal Epo mRNA level were not different between groups. In addition to Gli1CreERT2/+ mice we also used Pdgfrb-rtTATg;LC1Tg mice to breed with Tet3F/F mice for inducible knockout of Tet3. The plasma creatinine, BUN, and hematocrit were no different between groups after UUO surgery again.

 Overall, these findings suggested increased Tet3 in myofibroblasts may play an important role in myofibroblast activation and fibrosis. Further studies need to explore the mechanisms.


The aim of the present paper is to show the first evaluations of several airflow simulations performed with physical scale models, using the tracer method with a technique of direct injection of detergent in the water, with a water table apparatus, developed in the LabCon/UFSC/BR. The studies have clearly shown that the equipment has several advantages: it allows for an instantaneous and dynamic visualization of the airflow outside and inside the building models, as well as a direct definition of the inlet and outlet openings. The photographic record of the experiments, made with a digital camera, makes the airflow analyses a very intuitive, effective and amusing task. One can conclude that, although the proposed technique is an analogical model and allows only for bi-dimensional airflow visualization, the water table appears to be a very effective didactic tool for supporting the teaching of natural ventilation of buildings.


At present,conventional product-design methods can not satisfy the rapid developing market and personal reverse from guests, reverse engineering emerged in the end of the eighties of the 20th century as the time require, It is a advanced manufacturing technology. With the developing of mechanic design and manufacture technologies in our country, reverse engineering technology will be more and more mature and its application will be more and more common. this paper introduces the definition and methods of reverse engineering, outlines the application of UG software in reverse engineering design, mainly discusses the realization of CAD 3D model building and post process etc, and proposes the work flow of reverse engineering integrated development.


Growth of silicon nanoobjects integrated to silicon based electronic circuits is of great importance for nano-, opto-electronics as well microsensorics. In this work, self-organizing technology has been used to grow silicon wires of complex structure on silicon substrate. To characterize the wires different high-resolution instruments (Hitachi SEM S806, CM 200 UT Philips) have been used. It was found that a morphology and crystalline structure of the wires are controlled by growth conditions. In general, the wires consist of a c-Si core and a Si-based envelope. A thickness of the core ranges between 50 to 500 nm, while a thickness of the envelope changes from few to few hundreds of nanometers. Morphology of the envelope is very sensitive to the growth conditions. Depending on the conditions it consists of amorphous or nanoporous silicon or silicon quasi-crystal. Nanopores in porous envelope have semi-spherical shape, and their sizes range between 0.4 to 20 nm. Nanopores are ordered into a superlattice or in a layered heterostructure with separating amorphous layers. Phenomena of the wire growth and possible applications of the wires grown on silicon substrate (as field transistors, electron- or light-emitters and chemical sensors) are discussed.


To speed up the process of sending secret messages, we need a medium for small messages that can still guarantee the confidentiality of the messages they contain. GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is an image format that is one of the most commonly used formats on the web because of its small size and for encrypting the text that is sent. Encryption is carried out at the time of delivery by converting the original data into confidential data, while decryption is carried out at the time of receipt by converting the confidential data into original data. The most common way to hide messages is to use the Least Significant Bit (LSB). This research has succeeded in implementing the LSB algorithm to solve steganography on digital images in GIF format optimally


The ossification centers and skeletal development of the pelvic limbs after hatching in partridge (Alectoris chukar) from day one to 98 days were studied by digital radiography. Alizarin Red S staining method was used to confirm the radiographic diagnosis in this study. The head of the femur was seen on day 28. The ossification of the patella was observed on day 49. In Alizarin-staining specimen, a ossification center was seen in the proximal epiphysis of tibia on day 28. The ossification centers of the tarsal region were seen from the first day. Fusion occurred between proximal tarsal bones and tibia on day 63. Distal tarsal bone fused with metatarsals on day 77. It seems that the appearance sequence of ossification centers in birds belonging to the Galliformes order is the same. And the difference between them is the time of the appearance of ossification centers. The use of digital radiography and Alizarin Red S staining simultaneously provided a set of benefical information for the further study on the skeletal development of partridge.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 week's combined exercise and nutrition education on body composition and metabolic syndrome in breast cancer patients. The subjects for the study were twenty-seven breast cancer patients composed of the combined exercise with nutrition education group(A, n = 9), the combined exercise group(B, n=9), the control group(C, n = 9) that have not participated in any specific exercise regularly. The period of combined exercise was 12 weeks, 3 times a week and each time 60 minutes with intensity of RPE 11~15 and used to measuring the change in heart rate with Polar. Nutrition education was conducted 30 minutes one day per week. The results of this study are as follows: the body fat percentage in A group significantly decreased than it did in C group. muscle mass in A group significantly increased than it did in C group, WHR in B groups have significantly decreased than it did in C group. WC A and B groups have significantly decreased than it did in C group. According to the results of this study, combined exercise and nutrition education for breast cancer patients was effective in improving the several variables of body composition and metabolic syndrome. Obesity is associated with the breast cancer rate, combined exercise and nutrition education can improve the metabolic syndrome. Diet, regular physical activity, and exercise after surgery for breast cancer with long-term health care will have a positive effect on relapse prevention.


Abstract It is an important part of the Belt and Road initiative that China and Arab countries to strengthen energy cooperation and jointly build the energy Silk Road. China-Arab has made remarkable progress in energy cooperation, especially in the fields of oil and gas cooperation and new energy cooperation. China and Arab countries are also strengthening strategic docking, promoting energy transition and cooperation in the field of new energy, and working to form a clean energy production and modern energy consumption system. China and Arab countries should deepen energy cooperation by taking their complementary advantages, improve the docking mechanism of energy cooperation, promote cooperation in the whole energy industry chain, and avoid geopolitical risks through co-development. In the future, the energy transition will also bring great opportunities for deepening China-Arab energy cooperation. At the same time, political and economic risks will still be an important challenge for China-Arab energy cooperation. However, the sound political foundation between China and Arab countries is the long-term advantage of China-Arab energy cooperation.


Background: Vascular anomalies (VAs) are heterogeneous lesions. Symptoms vary widely by lesion type and complexity. VA patients often require life-long interdisciplinary care; however, there is a paucity of data on the healthcare utilization of VA patients, and their burden on the healthcare system remains largely unquantified. We hypothesize that healthcare utilization by complex lymphatic malformation (LM) and venous malformation (VM) patients will be significantly higher compared with simple LM and VM patients. Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal study was performed of LM/VM patients seen through multidisciplinary VA clinics between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2020. Data were collected from each patient's first presentation through December 31, 2021 and included number of office visits, imaging studies, specialists involved, procedures, hospitalization data, and approximate costs, normalized to per year utilization. Patients were divided into "simple" and "complex" LMs/VMs. Involvement of the airway, more than one anatomic area, and/or complex lymphatic anomalies were defined as "complex." Results: In total, 28 simple and 29 complex LM patients and 51 simple and 18 complex VM patients were identified. Complex LM and VM patients had significantly higher numbers of imaging studies, specialists involved, procedures and hospitalizations, and costs incurred. Complex LM patients also had significantly higher per year office visits. Conclusions: VA care is chronic and costly, especially for complex LM/VM patients. LM/VM complexity was a predictor for increased inpatient and outpatient healthcare utilization and higher costs. Better awareness of the healthcare utilization trends of LM/VM patients will allow for improved counseling for these patients regarding prognosis and expectations.


Who should be sent to prison is inseparably connected with the question of what the purpose of prison is. At times it may seem that the tail wags the dog; having conceptualized prisons as a part of either the criminaljustice system or the social welfare system, policy-makers then move on to the issue of how to choose clients to fill the institutions. A rational analysis of the place of prison in society must begin with a conceptual discussion which aims to locate prisons as insitutions within a broader societal context. The role of prisons, the details of prison conditions, and the choice of clients for the prison cannot be decided without placing the prison within the context of social control and social welfare.


What would have been the reaction of Sukhamoy Chakravarty to the total reversal of the policies that the country pursued since its independence till his premature death? Departure from the line and started quite sometime back, but Sukhamoy remained strongly committed to the policy frame which he described as the Nehru-Mahalanobis strategy and in the process became a lonelier and lonelier person. Sukhamoy remained a supporter of 'socialism' and 'planning* at a time when the words were becomming dirty words, which process got fully consummated in less than a year's time after his death. It is permissible to imagine that if he was not called away by the eternal Footman at an untimely hour he would not have kept silent on this total surrender of the ideas of socialism and planning, ideas to which he remained loyal through all the vicissitudes of government policy during the two decades of his role as Economic Adviser.


Animal feed, including herbage, may be contaminated with organic and inorganic compounds and with particulates. Organic chemicals comprise the largest group and include plant toxins, mycotoxins, antibiotics, prion proteins, animal toxins and pesticides. Inorganic compounds include heavy metals and radionuclides. Particulates such as weed seeds and certain bacterial pathogens are common contaminants of feed. The effects of feed contaminants and toxins range from reduced intake to reproductive dysfunction and increased incidence of bacterial diseases. Residues transferred to edible animal products represent another reason for concern. Comprehensive legislation is in place for the control of several of these chemical compounds and pathogens in feed. However, in many developing countries, including India, the statutory control of contaminants is at best rudimentary. Fortunately the chemical nature, mode of action and counteractive measures for many of substances have been well documented but the procedures for total elimination or destruction of toxins are not only cumbersome but also expensive making them practical. The adequacy of elimination of toxins by breeding strategies may not be compatible with high production. Satisfactory processing is essential for the profitable inclusion of some of the byproducts of novel oil seeds in livestock diets. Various chemicals were attempted for the removal of toxic components for upgrading the feedstuffs. These methods usually degrade the toxicants but these also cause substantial loss of nutrients as leaching. Moreover, chemical treatments are not used due to environmental concerns. Therefore, the scope for decontamination of feeds is limited and generally uneconomical and prevention is the most effective practical strategy. Detoxification was often achieved but economical feasibility remains questionable in many circumstances. Processing technologies that are economic and practical are urgently required. The alternative is to restrict the level of the inclusion of toxin containing feedstuffs such that the levels are within tolerable limits.


With the objective of developing an advanced method for rapid separation with shorter runtime, a simple, precise, and accurate stability-indicating isocratic RP-LC method coupled with PDA detector was developed for the quantitative determination of flupirtine maleate in bulk and in capsule dosage form. Good resolution between the peaks for degradation products and the analyte was achieved on a Waters Agilent XDB C18 ( mm, 5 μm) column using mobile phase containing a mixture of phosphate buffer pH 3.36 and acetonitrile in the ratio of 65 : 35. The eluted compounds were monitored at 344 nm and the flow rate employed for the present investigation was 1 mL/min. The newly developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The method may be employed for the assay determination of flupirtine maleate in pharmaceutical dosage forms.


Administration of nepafenac, a topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and prednisolone resulted in a significantly lower rate of pseudophakic macular edema following cataract surgery compared with the rate in patients who received only prednisolone.


Members of NAPCRG and others might scan the Future of Family Medicine (FFM) report[1][1] and conclude that research has been neglected, with only 1 of 10 recommendations clearly focused on the science of family medicine. They would, however, be wrong. This family medicine report is laced with


Dense CaS ceramics were prepared by liquid-phase sintering with Ga2S3 additives (0 ∼ 1.0 mol%). A relative density of 96.2% was achieved by the sintering of CaS samples with 0.5mol% Ga2S3, fired at 1573K for 6h in Ar flow. Sintering process was investigated with scanning electron microscopy observations and linear shrinkage measurements. The sintering process of Ga2S3-doped CaS was found to be followed by 3 steps: (1) the rearrangement of CaS particles by CaS-Ga2S3 liquid, (2) the dissolution of CaS particles and the precipitation of CaS grains due to diffusion-controlled process and (3) the growth of precipitated CaS grains. X-ray diffraction and microstructural analyses with an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer revealed that sintered CaS has mainly CaS phase and CaS-Ga2S3 liquid segregated around grain boundaries. The thermal expansion coefficient of sintered CaS was 19.1 × 10-6/K in the range room temperature to 1273K. It was suggested that ceramic materials with similar thermal expansion coefficients are appropriate for the substrate of CaS based thin film electroluminescence.


The classical theory of gas lubrication assumes that the flow regime is laminar and the inertia forces in the gas film are negligible.Since the middle of 20th century,a variety of high speed or large size bearings lubricated with low viscous fluid are used in space and cryogenic domain widely,inertia effects and non laminar flow can occur.A combined Poiseuille-Couette three-dimensional flow can be occurred in the thin film,the boundary layer effect and the inertia forces will be important,therefore the thin film equation of lubrication is not appropriate anymore.A general view of non-laminar lubrication was presented.The effects of inertia forces in laminar and in turbulent flows were shown.The mathematical model of gas bearings operating in turbulent flow regime were built in theory.A better solution to these problems was pointed out which was the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations as one of the development tendencies of gas lubrication.


Economic growth in developing countries results in ever-increasing needs for personal and freight mobility. The accompanying increases in disposable income and demand for personal mobility are often seen as the cause of the almost paralysing traffic congestion and deteriorating safety levels experienced by cities in such countries. There is, however, a further, more fundamental structural change associated with economic development taking place, which exacerbates the problem. To meet the needs of growth, many cities are being economically and industrially restructured, leading to fundamental changes in urban planning. This paper examines the changes taking place in the urban form of developing (and motorising) countries, and the impact these changes can have on the safety of the resulting road transport system. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see IRRD abstract no. E200362.


Histories of the British post-war Labour government based upon official sources have now been available for some time, and it is generally recognized that the years 1945-51 saw a major adjustment of Britain's role in the world, with the advent of the Cold War and the independence of India. Recently, attention has turned to the succeeding Conservative governments of 1951-57, and it is possible to examine how policies were continued over the longer post-war era. The Middle East was one of the most important global regions for Britain after 1945, and both the Labour and Conservative governments believed it to be vital for Britain's post-war recovery and her continuing position as a world power. Even though Western Europe became Britain's first priority for defence after 1950, the Middle East remained a theatre of great importance and concern until well after Suez in 1956. In many respects, the Middle East replaced India as the basis for Britain's imperial overseas role, and all the arguments for 'protecting the routes' to India were used for the Middle East after 1947. A great deal has now been written about the Anglo-American relationship in the immediate post-war Middle East; indeed, attaining US support for the British position in the Middle East was the main goal of British policy between 1945 and 1948, and was achieved at the 'Pentagon Talks' in Washington in October 1947. However, the Imperial and Commonwealth sides to the issue have been little considered. The Middle East featured in British Commonwealth as well as 'Grand Alliance' strategy, especially after 1948. In that year, during which the British ingloriously withdrew from their mandate in Palestine, a new approach was made by Britain to her oldest and closest allies, the white Commonwealth countries, to contribute further to the defence of the Commonwealth as a whole. In the British official mind, this meant first and foremost the Middle East and its


By using the method of multiple scales and numerical simulations,the influence of system parameters and environment parameters on the critical wind speed and the amplitude of galloping,as well as the complex motion resulted from bifurcation of periodic torsional motion,is investigated based on the 2 DOF model considering the coupling between vertical motion and torsional motion of overhead power transmission lines in this paper.Firstly,the influence of ice thickness,initial ice angle,air density,initial tension,mass of unit length and vertical damping ratio on the critical wind speed are given respectively considering the stability condition of the trivial solution of the averaged equations,which is derived according to the Routh-Hurwitz criterion.Then the amplitude of galloping versus wind speed,ice thickness,air density,mass of unit length,vertical damping ratio and initial tension are presented to compare the analytical and numerical results.It is shown that computer simulations are in good agreement with the maximum amplitude predicted by the model.In addition,it is found that,different from the vertical motion,the bifurcation of periodic torsional motion can lead to peroid doubling and quasi-periodic motion with change in wind speed.


The present invention relates to a shoe provided with a drainage means, and more particularly, a water gathering groove is formed on the upper surface of the midsole to collect water introduced into the shoe, and the water gathering is formed on the bottom of the corresponding midsole of the water gathering groove. A drainage system is installed to drain the water collected into the groove downwards, and a check valve type opening and closing valve is installed at the lower end of the drainage pipe of the drainage system, and the water drained through the drainage is provided in the outsole corresponding to the drainage system. By forming a drain to allow drainage to the lower side, the water flowing into the inside of the shoe is drained to the lower side through the drain and the drain of the outsole, so that the water under the outsole does not flow back to the inside of the shoe. In the present invention, the upper surface of the midsole 30 to which the upper 10 is attached, the water gathering groove portion 32 is formed between the front and rear drainage channels 33 and 34 formed in the longitudinal direction. The bottom surface of the midsole (30) corresponding to the 32 is formed in the water drainage groove portion 32 and the drainage device insertion groove (35) through the drain opening 31 is opened downward, which is installed inside the upper (10) Insole 20 is formed so that a plurality of drain holes 21 through which the water inside the shoe is drained to the upper surface of the midsole 30 up and down, the drainage insertion groove 35, the lower body is open support type A drain pipe 44 communicating with the drain hole 31 of the midsole 30 is formed downward in the wall 42, and a check valve type opening and closing valve for opening and closing the lower end of the drain pipe 44 at the lower end of the drain pipe 44. A drainage device 40 having a 45 is formed, and the outsole 50 installed on the bottom surface of the midsole 30 has a drainage. The drain port 51 is formed to penetrate through a position corresponding to the space portion 46 of the handheld device 40.


Abstract Studies on synchronization phenomena are extensively carried out in various fields. Recently, in particular, synchronization phenomena in chaotic circuits are studied many researchers. Chaos phenomena are quite dependent on initial values and not periodical and predictable. Moreover, the synchronization phenomena have caused very interesting phenomena. Synchronization and the related bifurcation of chaotic systems are good methods to describe various higher-dimensional nonlinear phenomena in the field of natural science. In this study, we investigate synchronization phenomena observed in a ring of simple chaotic circuits cross-coupled via inductors. Interesting synchronization phenomena can be confirmed by computer simulations.


The European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus) is a small cyprinid fish whose populations decreased significantly between 1950 and 1980 and therefore became protected by law in many European countries. Currently the fish inhabits significantly larger than its original area, partially because of human-assisted introductions. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic variability and detailed spatial structure among bitterling populations in Central Europe and to test alternative hypotheses about colonization of this area. Subsequently, the status of populations in the Natura 2000 program was determined on the basis of genetic data. Twelve polymorphic microsatellite loci on a large sample of 688 individuals were used to analyse genetic variability and population structure. Samples of the animals originated from 27 localities with emphasis on Central Europe and especially the Czech Republic. Highly variable level of intrapopulation genetic variability have generally been detected and a recent decrease in numbers ("bottleneck") have been indicated by genetic data among six populations. High level of interpopulation differentiation was very typical, even within the same basin, suggesting a significant role of genetic drift and low ability of dispersion of bitterlings. Surprising situation was found in the Odra basin where the river was probably colonized from various source populations without any signs of secondary contact. Czech part of Odra River as well as the Morava basin has been inhabited from Danubian refugium, while Polish part of Odra is genetically very similar to populations in Wisla, which originate from the Eastern lineage. The Elbe population shows signs of secondary contact of Eastern and Danubian lineages. Populations in the Natura 2000 system seem to be original with an exception of the Piliky population, which has probably been recently introduced.


─ Numerical study of electromagnetic interaction between an adjacent antenna and a human head model requires long computation time and large computer memory. In this paper, two speeding up techniques for a dispersive algorithm based on finitedifference time-domain method are used to reduce the required computation time and computer memory. In order to evaluate the validity of these two speeding up techniques, specific absorption rate (SAR) and temperature rise distributions in a dispersive human head model due to radiation from an antenna integrated into a pair of smart glasses are investigated. The antenna integrated into the pair of smart glasses have wireless connectivity at 2.4 GHz and 5 generation (5G) cellular connectivity at 4.9 GHz. Two different positions for the antenna integrated into the frame are considered in this investigation. These techniques provide remarkable reduction in computation time and computer memory. Index Terms ─ 5G, dispersive head, FDTD method, SAR, smart glasses, temperature rise, Wi-Fi.


For the past several years, I have encouraged law students to seek judicial clerkships following graduation.' In the process, I try to explain why I believe that this is a worthwhile option to pursue even though it may result in a short term sacrifice of a considerable amount of income, given the current salaries that top law school graduates now command. I tell the students that if they clerk for a'judge, they will have the invaluable opportunity to obtain an inside look at how the judicial process operates, an opportunity they will never again have unless they eventually become judges themselves. I tell them that they will probably be exposed to a broader range of legal issues during a judicial clerkship than most practitioners will encounter during their professional careers. I also tell them that they will have the chance to develop and polish their research, writing, and rhetorical skills on a daily basis with rigorous and demanding supervision. I also say to them that they are likely to be given more responsibility over matters of considerable importance than they would receive at such an early point in their careers in almost any area of private practice. I tell them that they will spend a year or more working with other bright young lawyers like themselves in a challenging, but enjoyable setting, and that they will have an extra year to consider particular areas of practice, particular firms, or a specific geographic area if they are not yet certain what they plan to do. I tell them that a judicial clerkship is a prestigious, highly sought after position that cannot help but enhance even the most stunning resume. And most importantly, I tell them that they will have the opportunity to work on a relatively close and personal basis with a state or federal judge-almost invariably a lawyer of great experience, skill, and wisdom who delights in sharing what he or she has learned with the law clerks. I say this all quite confidently and enthusiastically based on my own


"Man is a return animal" (Octavio Paz)
When in an open field, Jaume Plensa has finally the possibility of installing a sculptural piece in the heart of Madrid, he does so in the form of a white, great height infant head named Julia: "I think it was essential to introduce tenderness in the public space" (1). The expression of the sculpture distils tranquillity and harmony from its feminine, light and ephemeral condition, a new monumentality that perhaps introduces a legitimate collective aspiration: the reorganization of the current conditions of exteriority.
Exteriority, understood as something harsh and hostile, advances today from traffic jams to climate change, from job insecurity to the global increase of inequality, from the commercialization of brand cities to the innovative and creative control instruments activated from our mobile devices: "If there is a 'place' where the crisis of exteriority is experienced with the utmost harshness, a favorite place to suffer the sensation of physical and mental confinement that characterizes our present, that place is the modern megalopolis" (2). It seems undoubtedly necessary - today more than ever - an intimate and profound reflection on the outside, even more so when exteriority has been declared dead from areas as disparate as sociology, ecology, poetry or modern philosophy. In the words of Marina Garces: "we inhabited a posthumous time" (3).
The current issue of HipoTesis magazine proposes an exercise of speculation on the multiple possibilities of reformulating contemporary living from the exterior, from the margins of the outside (4), a territory of exception that Ignasi de Sola-Morales defined as terrain vague: a place of the city, external, strange, "outside the circuits, of the productive structures [...] a void as absence, but also as a promise, as an encounter, as space of the possible, as expectation" (5). Exteriority, understood in a figurative sense, is a poetic reserve, a border experience, "a terrain of relationship, play and experimentation of the marvelous" (6). In a more literal sense, the outside is presented as an area of opportunity for care, the city as a house and even beyond, nature as a city: a carefully de-hierarchized primitive future, a matrix for the construction of further democratic landscapes from its cultural, ecological and social variable.
Does the city need to integrate the banned taboos of our time: inactivity, unproductiveness, disorder, informality, carnality, emptiness, the passage of time, obsolescence..., the outsiders? What new ideas of wealth can be generated, in the face of the increasing scenario of energy and material shortage in which we are submerged? What are the system's fissures that would allow building a more egalitarian, fair and just city? Is collective mobilization and participation a hope? Is it still possible in the current city to recover and reconstruct senses atrophied by the deprivation of non-artificial stimuli? Is care an urban variable? Can the street be a tool for hospitality? Can the city constitute a domestic sphere? Does the anthropised nature constitute a livable, continuous and unstructured interior? Can architecture organize a consecutive exteriority? Are silence, stillness and darkness our new hedonisms? Will infrastructures be our last refuge? Will nature be able to snatch cities from us? What opportunities does the outside yield?
Notes
(1) Jaume Plensa, La Vanguardia, 20 de diciembre de 2018.
(2) VVAA, Crisis de la exterioridad. Critica del Encierro Industrial y Elogio de las Afueras, Madrid, Enclave, 2012, pag. 7.
(3) Marina Garces, Nueva Ilustracion radical, Barcelona, Anagrama, 2017.
(4) Outside. 1. adv. Outside of the place where you are. I come from outside. Come with me outside. 2. adv. In public place or outside. 3. f. pl. Surroundings of a population. 4. f. pl. Mil. Clear land around a square, so that the enemy cannot approach without suffering the direct fire of the artillery. 5. interj. U. to make one or several people clear the way or withdraw from some place or position.
(5) Ignasi de Sola-Morales. "Terrain Vague". En Territorios. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili, 2002.
(6) VVAA, Crisis de la exterioridad. Critica del Encierro Industrial y Elogio de las Afueras, Madrid, Enclave, 2012, pag. 8.


Abstract The prehistoric exploitation of the large sea‐cow, manatee, in the Maya and circum‐Caribbean areas is examined in terms of the factors that may have contributed to the selection of animal resources for human consumption. Ecological, historic, and ethnographic information on the Caribbean manatee contribute to an understanding of its prehistoric exploitation. A model of animal resource selection is discussed, whereby the reliable recovery of significant quantities of meat and/or fish is the primary aim. Major factors that would have contributed to such a recovery are discussed.


Suppose that B is a rational function having a pole at co of order n > 0 and that H 0 is a meromorphic function satisfying o(H) =β (n+ k)/k. If the differential equation f(k) + Bf =H(z) has a meromorphic solution f, then all meromorphic solutions f satisfy λ(f) = λ(f) = δ(f) = max{β, (n + k)/k},except at most one exceptional meromorphic solution f0.


In this article, experimental methods based on cyclic voltammetric technique were used to study the electrochemical analysis of a new modified electrode with zirconium dioxide molecules on the glassy carbon electrode (ZrO2NPs/GCE) to characterize iron ions K4[Fe(CN)6]. These methods also allowed the study of current peaks for oxidation reduction of Fe(II)/Fe(III) using potassium chloride (KCl) solution as electrolytes at different concentration, pH, scanning rates, and stability (reliability) of which these parameters are important in assessing oxidation properties. Also, the diffusion coefficient values of oxidation-reduction reaction for iron ions on the new sensor (ZrO2 NPs/GCE) was determined using Randles-Seveik equation as Dfa = 2.03 ×10-5 cm2 /sec and Dfc = 7.12 × 10-5 cm2 /sec, respectively. It was found the modified electrode ZrO2NPs/GCE acts as a good sensor with high detection limit of iron ions in electrolyte. It can be used the modified electrode in different electrochemical applications because of its higher conductivity.


The proliferation of false and erroneous information on the Internet has posed a challenge to the accurate exchange of information. To address this issue, a semisupervised system based on self-embedding has been proposed. This system verifies information before it is shared, allowing only reliable and accurate content to be disseminated and protecting individuals from the negative effects of false information. In this article, we present a news article retrieval model based on active learning (AL) in a semisupervised learning setting. This model has the advantages of limited communication requirements, strong scalability, increased data privacy, and a time-dependent retrieval model. We use lexicon expansion, content segmentation, and temporal events to generate a bidirectional encoder representations from transformer (BERT) attention embedding query for the temporal understanding of sequential news articles. To generate pseudo-labels, we combine the partially trained model with the original tagged data. An attention network is used to update pseudo-labels of data samples when the label of a sample is correctly or incorrectly predicted. Finally, the modified classifiers are combined to make predictions. Experimental results indicate that the proposed model has 81% performance, showing that co-training and semisupervised learning can improve the performance of temporal expansion and profiling algorithms.


Simple Summary Giro d'Italia is one of the most demanding races in cycling tour, in which, during the 3 weeks of competition, several physiological adaptations occur. This study aimed to analyze these changes with different methods (bioelectrical, anthropometrical, and hematological analysis) in order to see how body fluids vary in the whole body as the competition progresses, and also in three specific muscle groups (quadriceps, hamstrings, and calves). There were three checkpoint assessments: at the beginning, middle, and end of the race. Results indicated that bioelectrical impedance vector analysis is sensitive to the body fluid changes. A proper homeostatic adaptation was detected during the first half of competition, but the long-term, high intensity exercise would result in profound fluid loss and distribution in the soft tissues. Furthermore, most of these changes happened in the extracellular water compartment, indicating that the state of the cell membranes was maintained in good condition. The calves are the muscle group most sensitive to this analysis. In conclusion, bioelectrical impedance vector analysis is a reliable, non-invasive, and practical method to assess physiological adaptations in athletes. Abstract This study aimed to characterize and monitor the body fluid and muscle changes during the Giro d'Italia in nine elite cyclists via bioelectrical (whole-body and muscle-localized) anthropometric and hematological analysis. There were three checkpoint assessments: at the beginning, middle, and end of the race. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the data at baseline and follow up. The Spearman correlation was used to explore relationships between variables. Hotelling's T2 test was used to determine bioelectrical differences in the complex vector. Bodyweight did not change during the competition, despite bioelectrical and hematological data indicating that at the first half of the race, there was a fluid gain, and in the second half a fluid loss occurred, reaching baseline values. These changes were especially prevalent in the extracellular water compartment. Significant correlations between whole-body bioelectrical vector changes and red blood cell parameter changes were reported. The muscle group most sensitive to changes were the calves. Quadriceps, hamstrings, and calves reported a PhA decrease trend during the first half of the race, and an increase during the second half. Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis appears to be sensitive enough to detect hydration and cellular integrity adaptions induced by competitions as demanding as the Giro d'Italia.


The sugar moiety of the title compound, ClzHI5NO8.C2H60, has a 4C1 conformation. The nitrophenyl group adopts a planar conformation. The glycosidic linkage is ~. The angle between the 'best planes' through the saccharide and aglycon residues is 71.5 (1) °.


The training model combining with developing training and police tactics is characterized by education in amusement,initiative study and all-win development,which will have an effect upon police team construction and police tactics abilities' enhancement.


The effect of different enzymes on the saline egg white hydrolysis was studied.Papain has the best effect among several different enzymes.The optimum hydrolysis method was determined as pH 7.5,temperature 55 ℃,hydrolysis time for 5 h,enzyme activity 4000 U/g substrate.


We demonstrate a fast optical correlator using tunable delay of slow light in chirped photonic crystal coupled waveguide. Laser heating was performed for the tuning with a response speed up to several kHz. We clearly observed the crosscorrelation trace of 1.8 ps pulses. The tuning range was limited up to 8.7 ps, but will be extended to several 10 ps by long length devices. As the response is >100 times faster than conventional mechanical methods, the device is suitable for fast data mapping in optical correlation systems such as OCT.


Weed control is an essential practice in crop management. However, the use of herbicides may not be effective in certain situations, such as when problems are encountered in the application technology and when tolerant individuals and resistant biotypes are observed. In the cotton producing areas of the state of Bahia, Brazil, Spermacoce verticillata (shrubby false buttonweed) is not effectively controlled during burndown applications. During different developmental stages, plants can modify their leaves' anatomical structures, which may influence herbicide control by modifying the retention, absorption, translocation and final effect of the chemical. This study assessed the morphological and histological differences in Spermacoce verticillata leaves at different stages of development. Leaves were collected from plants at different phenological stages (2-4 leaves, 4-6 leaves and flowering) and subjected to histological and scanning electron microscopy analyses. In the histological analysis, four leaves were collected from the upper nodes. The evaluated characteristics were the total leaf blade thickness, palisade and spongy parenchymal thicknesses, cuticle and epidermal cell thicknesses on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces and midrib height and width. Surface analyses were performed by observing the leaves under a scanning electron microscope. As the developmental stages of Spermacoce verticillata advanced, the plants began to show reduced leaf thickness due to the decreased abaxial epidermal thickness, transport vessel size and parenchymal thickness. At more advanced stages of development (4-6 leaves and flowering), the adaxial leaf surfaces showed fewer stomata and more trichomes.


Service restorability is a key requirement in optical networks. This means that when wavelength paths are established. both a primary path and a secondary disjoint path have to be set-up, with the secondary path being used for service restoration upon primary path failure. The secondary path may possibly be shared for efficiency. The need for secondary paths imposed by the restorability requirement has to be explicitly taken into consideration in the capacity design of optical networks. However, to our knowledge, there does not exist any algorithm for network capacity design that explicitly accounts for fast restoration requirements. The contribution of this paper is the development of algorithms for optical network capacity determination with restoration being directly taken into account. The problem is formulated as a generalization of the maximum concurrent flow problem that includes restoration requirements for the two different restoration models which are commonly used in optical networks with fast restoration requirements. We then develop fully polynomial approximation schemes that solve the restorable network capacity design problem.


The assumption that natural selection is an Optlmlslllg process, means that reproductive seasonality in mammals evolved to maximise gene survival. Although the constraints usually imposed on optimality theory are applicable, it can be assumed that periodicity in reproduction represents an adaptation to fluctuation in the availability of potentially limiting resources. In areas where these fluctuations in primary production are the result of a predictable seasonal climatic cycle, such as seasonal rainfall, a seasonal reproductive cycle becomes a viable strate gem. Seasonal reproduction involves the temporal placing of mating, gestation, parturition, lactation and weaning in such a way to make maximum use of fluctuating resources (Skinner et at., 1984). In order to ensure that the young are born during favourable environmental conditions, the initiation of reproductive activity has to commence some time before the favourable season, or during it, depending on the duration of gestation. Larger mammals will tend to initiate reproductive activity earlier than small mammals, as gestation length usually increases with size (Rowlands & Weir, 1984). A number of environmental cues operate as proximate causes to initiate reproductive activity. A large variety of African mammal species are seasonal breeders (Fairall, 1968 ; Smithers, 1983). The thrust of this paper is not to review the occurrence of seasonal breeding, but rather to examine some factors that influence their seasonal reproductive cycles by referring to five interesting examples. The reproductive cycles of three ofthese is controlled by the photoperiod.


The article deals with the systemic substantiation of architectural objects' (buildings, constructions and their complexes, including those in the sphere of urban development and regional planning) functional structure as integral systems. It is demonstrated that implementing the relevant objectives of modernizing the existing buildings and constructions, erecting the new ones and developing architectural and urban-planning systems is possible only in conditions of using advanced digital technologies, which is closely connected to developing mathematical models, describing architectural objects from the perspective of system approach and general system principles. Much attention in the paper is given to the discussion of a new methodological concept, based on the principles of general systems theory and dealing with the research and design of architectural systems of the «population ↔ environment» type – demoecosystems (integral architectural systems). Based on this concept the definition and substantiation of any architectural object's functional structure can be given, revealing its system essence and structure. The similarity (isomorphism) of the whole and parts of architectural objects' elements and subsystems at all hierarchy levels allows considering the functional structure of an architectural object of any complexity with account of organizing the processes of four types of population's life activity. It is applicable to architectural objects from their elementary levels – room and building, and to the level of cities and populated areas.


Analogy is widely used in the geometry, and the analogies commonly used in the geometry are : the analogy between the solid figure and the plane figure, the analogy of the exercise structure, and the analogy between the particular and the universal.


The Himalayan Rivers provide a great potential for hydroelectricity generation due to its steep gradient. Steep topography, fragile geology and intense rainfall have led to large flow volume and exceedingly high sediment transport in these rivers during rainy seasons. This has posed a challenge to many hydropower plants with respect to sediment handling at headworks, leading to severe sand erosion of turbines and causing loss in energy generation. A research on sediment handling is initiated to understand the sediment problems in Himalayan Rivers in a better way and facilitates in handling sediment problems optimally in run-of-the-river power plants. This paper presents the sediment measurements carried out in power plants from Nepal and its impact on the turbines. This is the initial activity of the sediment handling research.


We thank [our Swedish colleagues][1] ([1][2]) for reading our paper ([2][3]). We feel honored that our description of the first clinical case of sepsis caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus, which was most probably vector transmitted, has attracted attention. We feel delighted by the fact that our


This chapter is about the key features which form part of introducing Pedagogic Documentation to educators and leaders from a variety of settings to purposefully engage colleagues in developing Pedagogic Documentation. Key features it aims to introduce include the relationship between Pedagogic Documentation and the role of the leader, alignment between theory and practice, development of collaborative reflective questioning and modelling of practice. Above all it firmly places the principles and values of pedagogic documentation both within children's learning as well as throughout the construction of course design. This is also reflected and modelled within the chapter.


The present invention relates to a capacitor electrode body (1) including an electrode material (2), wherein the dielectric (3) at least partially covers the surface of the electrode material (2) (4) and the anode body (5); wherein said anode body (5) at least partially coated with a solid electrolyte (6) comprising a conductive polymer, wherein said capacitor comprises at least one polyglycerol; wherein the amount by weight to the polyglycerol capacitor (Mpg) and the by weight in terms of an amount of conductive polymer (M polymer) capacitor ratio: Mpg / M polymer & gt; 0.15; wherein the polyglycerol mixture containing more than 50% by weight of triglycerol and tetraglycerol, polyglycerol, based on the of the total weight. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a capacitor, the capacitor can be obtained by this method, an electronic circuit, a capacitor, and the dispersion.


Transformation of research results into policy advice is a challenging business for economists. Most of them are often deeply disappointed by the fact that politicians and bureaucrats ignore recommendations designed to maximize the social welfare. This does not mean, however, that political decision makers are irrational. Rather, political economy argument is that they rationally pay more attention to their own interests as compared with the social welfare. The article argues that the optimal policy advice strategy should rely on the analysis of decision makers' utility functions. The outcome of this analysis is a set of recommendations that are the most economically efficient of those that can be implemented in political equilibrium.


The invention discloses a method and a device for webpage load. The method is characterized by including the steps: acquiring time parameter information of a second webpage address in case a webpage refreshing fault occurs at the time when a first webpage address is changed into the second webpage address while a webpage does not update; comparing the time parameter information of the second webpage address with that of the first webpage address; according to compared results, refreshing the webpage into the one corresponding to the compared results. Due to the fact that the time parameter information of the second webpage address is acquired in case the webpage refreshing fault occurs at the time when the first webpage address is changed into the second webpage address while the webpage does not update, the time parameter information of the first webpage address and that of the second webpage address are compared to determine whether either of a routing regressive behavior or a routing forwarding behavior occurs or not so as to selectively refresh the webpage into the corresponding one.


Abstract : Pulmonary and central nervous system oxygen toxicity are mission, limiting, health-endangering consequences of breathing high partial pressures of oxygen. Melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland, is a powerful antioxidant that can be safely given at high dosages to human subjects. We tested in ten human subjects the mental and somatic effects of 300 mg of pharmaceutical-grade melatonin administered orally. The dosage was divided into two boluses given four hours apart. The subjects maintained a normal daytime working schedule after dosing. Each subject completed an ANAM 2000 neuropsychological performance battery administered one hour after each dose; some subjects repeated ANAM testing two hours after the first dose. The scores from the tests were compared to predosing baseline scores. This dosage of melatonin did not trigger any adverse reactions and caused no significant degradation of ANAM scores. Matching to Sample scores increased significantly. Both objective measures and subjective impressions varied widely, with no clear pattern overall. Only half the subjects reported an increase in drowsiness following the administration of melatonin.


We classify the isotopy types of negatively curved closed strips on an arbitrarily given knot which have prescribed negative Gaussian curvature at each point on the knot.


Because group management protocol and routing protocol of anycast are not so mature, when communicating it is easy to be attacked by malicious programs such as masquerading and denial of service, etc. Aiming at security of anycast, we propose a new secure anycast group management architecture based on others' research in this paper. We setup a Certificate Authentication Server in the group management; it provides authentication service for any anycast server and anycast member to be joining in its group using PKI technology and secure communication mode. This architecture uses the advantages of related secure technology of multicast for reference and overcomes existing shortcoming of anycast group management protocols. This architecture has been proved to be feasible and effective through large numbers of simulation and experiments.


Associative Processing Array Solves Mobile App Processor Challenges To implement compelling multimedia applications, the computing requirements for a handheld wireless device increase by over 50-fold when compared to today's voice-only phones. For instance, a phone that delivers MP3 music playback capability only needs about 50 MIPS of computing power, a level readily available from today's mobile phone chip sets. But to deliver compelling, demandgenerating 3D gaming content, the computing requirement increases up to 3000 MIPS, a level of performance not available in traditional mobile chip sets.


This paper presents a brief, relatively nontechnical summary of present understanding of the environmental effects of aircraft emissions during high-altitude-cruise operation. It is shown that the effects of nitric oxide and water on ozone are relatively well established, but that the possible climatic consequences of emissions are, at best, poorly understood. does not represent an actual physical barrier in the at- mosphere, and its precise location varies on both a daily and seasonal basis. Pollution of the lower stratosphere by con- ventional aircraft flying in the vicinity of the tropopause is, however, somewhat less severe than that caused by SST's, which cruise well into the stratosphere. Pollutants are disper- sed less rapidly with increasing flight altitude in the stratosphere; SST exhaust products can remain up to two years. (Vertical mixing becomes less intense as penetration in- to the stratosphere increases.) In the last few years, several studies have been published which report on the emissions of jet aircraft engines (e.g., Refs. 1 and 2). The following paragraphs briefly discuss the effects of water and oxides of nitrogen on ozone and climate, and the effects of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide on climate.


A series of chiral cationic platinum(II) complexes of the type [κ2-((Hpz*)BHpz*2)Pt(R)(L)][BAr'4] (R = Me, L = MeCN (3), tBuNC (4), py (5), CO (6), CH2CH2 (7), PMe2Ph (8); R = Ph, L = MeCN (10); pz* = 3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl, BAr'4 = tetrakis(3,5-trifluoromethylphenyl)borate) has been prepared. Protonation of Tp'PtMe2H (1) or Tp'PtPh2H (2) (Tp' = hydridotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) occurs selectively at a pyrazole nitrogen atom and induces reductive elimination of methane or benzene. Subsequent addition of ligand, L, traps the platinum(II) intermediate and yields 3−8 and 10. Addition of 2 equiv of PMe2Ph led to the formation of trans-[κ1-((Hpz*)BHpz*2)Pt(Me)(PMe2Ph)2][BAr'4] (9), a square-planar complex containing a rare monodentate protonated tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligand. Deprotonation of the pyrazolium ring (present after protonation of 1 or 2 and trapping with added ligand) led to the synthesis of neutral platinum(II) complexes of the type Tp'PtR(L) (R = Me, L = MeCN (11), SMe2 (12), CO (13), CH2CH...


This article aims to improve the accuracy and predictability of rebound method in compressive strength evaluation of concrete members of the Yanchong Expressway, which is an important traffic guarantee project for the 2022 Winter Olympics Games in Zhangjiakou city, Hebei Province, China. For this purpose, concrete specimens were prepared by the mixing ratios of C35, C40, and C50. First of all, the paper investigated the effects of curing age, types, and dosage of mineral admixtures (fly ash and slag) on concrete rebound number and compressive strength. Then, the special testing strength curves of 7 d and 90 d curing age were proposed. The results showed that the average relative errors of the special testing strength curves were reduced by 35.99% and 20.26% respectively, compared with the national testing strength curve. Fly ash and slag were beneficial to the growth of concrete rebound numbers but cannot contribute to the growth of concrete compressive strength (except for fly ash single-mixed with 15% dosage). The present results can provide a significant reference for the compressive strength evaluation and later maintenance of concrete members of the Yanchong Expressway or other projects with tight construction period in this area.


Background: Recently, there has been a growing concern that the indiscriminate use of antimicrobial agents in household, food industry and hospitals may contribute to the emergence of bacteria resistant to antibiotics.


This paper presents a new method of maximizing the free space for a robot operating in a constrained environment under operator supervision. The objective is to make the resulting trajectories more robust to operator commands and/or changes in the environment. To represent the volume of free space, the constrained manipulability polytopes are used. These polytopes embed the distance to obstacles, the distance to joint limits and the distance to singular configurations. The volume of the resulting Cartesian polyhedron is used in an optimization-based motion planner to create the trajectories. Additionally, we show how fast collision-free inverse kinematic solutions can be obtained by exploiting the pre-computed inequality constraints. The proposed algorithm is validated in simulation and experimentally.


Objective: To assess the validity of Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS) that allows separate evaluations for non-fluid and fluid textures for aspiration risk of acute stroke patients. Method: Fifty-five acute stroke patients were assessed prospectively. For interrater reliability, 2 independent physicians evaluated 40 patients in two hours. For external validity, another group of 15 patients were tested by dysphagia therapist. The validity of the GUSS was established by videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS). After GUSS, all patients were investigated by VFSS within 1 hour. To compare the results of VFSS, they were graded according to the Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS). Results: The cut-off value of GUSS was 14 points and 5 stage of PAS. GUSS reached 100% sensitivity, 61.1% specificity, and 100% negative predictive value when compared with VFSS by physician A (p


The purpose of this study is to analyze the Influence of fund on Cooperatie to assist economicempowerment the Business of Batik Writing. The object of research are batik writing owner atdistrict level in Yogyakarta Indonesia. Batik writing business that are members of Cooperatiesample are Yogyakarta City with 60 respondens. Type of data collected is of primary data andsecondary data. Methods of data analysis used in this research include test validity, reliabilitytest and regression analysis. Based on calculation of regression test to funding of capitalvariable is significant to economic empowerment on the business Batik Writing. Thus it can beconcluded that the more effective use of capital loans made by the authors of batik then theireconomic independence is increasing. This means that the economic welfare of the managedbatik business can be achieved.Keywords: Capital Funding, Cooperatie, Economic Empowerment, Batik Writing.


This paper examines ways in which people may perceive fairness in the legal system, focusing oncross-cultural differences. The effects of these factors on the way in which young people mayperceive fairness in different models of Youth Justice Conferencing is reviewed. Author Address: email@example.com URL: http://www.aic.gov.au/events/aic%20upcoming%20events/2003/~/media/conferences/2003juvenile/sivasubramaniam.ashx http://www.aic.gov.au/events/aic%20upcoming%20events/2003/juvenile.aspx http://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/R/-?func=dbin-jumpfull&object_id=13841&local_base=GEN01-CSU01 CRO identification number: 13841 PERCEPTIONS OF JUSTICE AMONG MINORITY CULTURES: IMPLICATIONS FOR YOUTH JUSTICE CONFERENCING Diane Sivasubramaniam, PhD Student School of Psychology, University of New South Wales


[Objective] This paper was conducted to grasp the breeding value and production features of national authorized wheat variety Lianmai No.2.[Method] According to the research result of regional test in south Huang-huai area and Jiangsu Province from 2002 to 2005,the high yield,stability and eurytopicity of Lianmai No.2 were analyzed by yields,variation coefficient and adaptation.[Result] Result showed that national authorized wheat variety Lianmai No.2 had characteristics of high yield,stability and adaptation.Its group structure was reasonable,which showed good performance in high fertility level.[Conclusion] Lianmai No.2 had broad extension and utilization prospect in south Huang-huai area.


Electromyography (EMG) is a biomedical signal which is recorded from muscle. It can detect muscle movements. By using HMI (human machine interfacing), EMG can be used to control prosthetic arms by an amputee individual. The available prosthetic arms and EMG signal recorders both are very expensive. The price of commercial prosthetic arm starts from 100,000 BDT. So, an affordable prosthetic arm is required for the people of Bangladesh. In this project an EMG recorder circuit along with a prosthetic arm was designed. The arm was printed using 3D printer and the recorder circuit was also printed in a circuit board (PCB) and built with available components. The 3D printed prosthetic arm was interfaced with the EMG recorder by Arduino microcontroller. The recorded signal was processed in both analog and digital domain. The arm was tested by an amputee individual who was able to control the prosthetic arm by muscle contraction which was detected by the EMG recorder. To minimize the cost, this project was completed using locally available resources. Total cost of this project was within 4,000 BDT. People who are amputee can use this 3D printed prosthetic arm to improve their quality of life.


Unlike current stated preference studies, this paper examines the existence of framing effects from varying information about the environmental features characterizing the decision-making context where respondents are asked to state their preferences. Thus, it adds to the existing literature on framing effects which has usually been focused on analysing the welfare impacts derived from changing information relating to substitute goods and individuals' budget constraint, the attributes defining the good to be valued and the complexity of the choice task. In particular, and through a novel choice experiment design, the paper investigates the impacts on the willingness-to-pay (WTP) from varying information about the degree of uncertainty over an expected global warming-derived increase in the temperature of a traditional summer holiday destination. Results show that the WTP increases with the magnitude of the expected temperature change and its associated probability of occurrence. Thus, they evidence that the degree of uncertainty over an expected environmental phenomenon can affect preferences for policies aimed at adapting to the environmental conditions resulting from such phenomenon. The implications of the results for decision-making in traditional sun and beach tourism destinations are also discussed.


INTRODUCTION A collaborative web-based learning event for beginning medical and dental students was created to raise awareness about health disparities. METHODS Incoming medical and dental students completed an online assignment based upon real patient scenarios which addressed the following six topics: religion, sexual preference, socio-economic status, race, culture, and military veteran status, Students completed identical pre- and post- questionnaires approved by the West Virginia University Institutional Review Board. Questions were ranked on a 6-point Libert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 6 = strongly agree) or 5-point frequency scale (1 = never to 5= always). Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test, with p < 0.05 as significant RESULTS The pre- and post-questionnaires were completed by 45 dental students (94% response rate) and 118 (pre-) and 116 (post-) medical students with 98% and 97% respective response rates. Both dental and medical students had a significant increase in their awareness of health disparities. Dental students had a significant increase in their appreciation of the frequency of health disparities in state and country, while medical students had a significant increase in their agreement that learning events about diversity and inclusion should be threaded throughout the curriculum, and disparities are influenced by the quality of interpersonal health care. CONCLUSIONS Bringing attention to diverse patient populations in a web-based format as part of new student orientation is effective in introducing and enhancing medical and dental students' awareness of health disparities and under essentiality of diversity topics in.


Inclusive education (IE) has gained popularity as a method of transforming education systems in the world to ensure that every student must receive a high-quality education. Since the emergence of IE, people have accepted it as a way for enhancing the educational environment, one that is receptive to SwIDs, the most underprivileged and marginalized group in society. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the status of the implementation of inclusive education schemes for SwIDs in the state of Kerala. Descriptive survey research method was employed and five hundred samples were selected from fourteen districts of Kerala state. Purposive sampling method under the Non- Probability sampling technique was used to select the sample. The data was collected from respondents through a rating scale developed by the researcher, and the same was analyzed and interpreted using appropriate statistical techniques. The findings of present research study revealed that it includes the level of awareness, availability, accessibility and advantages among headmasters | headmistresses, general educators, special educators, paraprofessionals and parents under inclusive education schemes for SwIDs are average. The findings demonstrated that stakeholders' awareness of IES has a considerable positive impact on the implementation of inclusive education schemes. In today's culture, the current school scenario corresponds to the average level of availability of various aids and technologies in schools allowing SwIDs to live independently. The majority of schools in which research has been conducted agree on an average degree of accessibility give a way to access, advantages to all, and the capability to use accessible equipment in the classroom. The study's findings show that the average amount of benefit derived from inclusive education schemes implemented in their schools, which provides better opportunities for studying and developing a better profession for SwIDs to live independently in the State of Kerala.


This paper studies call admission policies for access control in cellular networks by means of a Markov decision process (MDP). This approach allows us to study a wide class of policies, including well known pure stationary as well as randomized policies, in a way that explicitly incorporates the dependency between the hand-off rate and the system state, assuming that the hand-off rate arriving to a cell is proportional to the occupancy level of the adjacent cells. In particular, we propose and analyze a nonpreemptive prioritization scheme, we term the cutoff priority policy. This policy consists of reserving a number of channels for the high priority requests stream. Using our analytical approach, we prove the proposed scheme to be optimal within the analyzed class.


ABSTRACT Suicidal behaviour in western Ethiopia as seen in a general hospital is reported on. The suicide rate is at least 3–11 per 100,000 inhabitants per year (mean 4.5) which is higher than is usually reported from Africa. As many women as men seem to commit suicide and the incidence is highest in the age group 19–24 years and lowest in the oldest group. The incidence seems to be higher in urban areas. Hanging is the most frequent method used by both sexes.


The abnormal temperature rise of motor chamber of the water circulating pump in 1000MW unit often occurs in operation,and the trip of the pump occurs consequently.Therefore, the safety of the unit is affected.So this problem must be analyzed and some measures must be put forward.After detailed analysis of this problem with the operation status and actual observation record of the water circulating pump,the dirt deposited in the motor chamber is the ultimate cause. Meanwhile the improvement measures about operation supervision and structural system of the water circulating pump are proposed.


Significance
 That attack knocked 5.7 million b/d offline. Prince Abdelaziz bin Salman, the new energy minister, suggested that the entire Abqaiq output would be restored by the end of September, and that total capacity would reach 12 million b/d by the end of November. Actual production would recover to its pre-attack 9.8 million b/d by October.

 Impacts
 A repeat attack or a slower recovery than officials predict would support prices into next year.
 Other countries in the OPEC+ deal will step up production, against Saudi wishes, to meet any market shortfalls.
 If prices were significantly elevated for several months, US shale producers would respond with increased drilling.


Excellent dielectrical material is one of important factors,which can promote the development of MCM techno- logy,because the lower dielectric constant of isolating layer between multilayer lines is,the higher the signal transmission speed and packaging density of MCM are.New dielectrical material in the use of MCM-photosensitive BCB is introduced in this paper,and the characteristic,technique and application of this material are presented in detail.


The ability to detect corrosion within oil and gas pipelines has long been the preserve of the Intelligent or Smart Pig. These tools have evolved over the past 30 years into very sophisticated, but often expensive inspection options. Since 1994 RST Projects Limited, a Scottish based pipeline inspection company, has been pioneering the development of passive inspection tools that can be retrofitted to standard Cleaning or Utility Pigs. These tools are fundamentally different to traditional inspection pigs. Passive instruments (instruments which do not contain an active source or emitor, such as ultrasonic or magnetic flux leakage sensors), fitted to a Utility Pig are used to monitor its passage through a pipeline. Changes in the behaviour of the Utility Pig measured by these instruments have been demonstrated to reflect the condition of the pipeline. To date more than 40 projects, involving surveying some 4,000 km+ of operational pipelines have been completed. This paper presents the results of work undertaken to develop the first stages of a basic corrosion detection capability of the Smart Utility Pig tool. It does so by presenting findings from surveys of the 16" Beatrice Oil Export Pipeline, operated by Talisman Energy UK Limited. It also draws upon surveys carried out in other assets operated by Talisman in the UK. It explores how this technology when combined with other inspection methods offers the potential for a more integrated approach to routine pipeline condition monitoring.© 2002 ASME


The school motto is a sign of the spirit of a university, have healthy and progressive directive significance to teachers and students. Every people lay particular emphasis on the aim of the institution of probing into the university , personnel training ,etc. each time now, pay close attention to the school motto culture of the university less. This text from analysing and researching the cultural intension that the institution of higher education trains to enter the question, and then has analyzed the institution of higher education and trained four kinds of aesthetic trends emphatically: Lofty , era is beautiful , the tradition is beautiful , personal charm. It is essential to point out and strengthen the school motto at the same time and educate aesthetically.


This research aims at examining the effect of credit risk management on financial performance of the Jordanian commercial banks during the period (2005-2013), thirteen commercial banks have been chosen to express on the whole Jordanian commercial banks. Two mathematical models have been designed to measure this relationship, the research revealed that the credit risk management effects on financial performance of the Jordanian commercial banks as measured by ROA and ROE. The research further concludes that the credit risk management indicators considered in this research have a significant effect on financial performance of the Jordanian commercial banks. Based on findings, the researcher recommends banks to improve their credit risk management to achieve more profits, in that banks should take into consideration, the indicators of Non-performing loans/Gross loans, Provision for facilities loss/Net facilities and the leverage ratio that were found significant in determining credit risk management. Also, banks should establish adequate credit risk management policies by imposing strict credit estimation before granting loans to customers, and banks in designing an effective credit risk management system, need to establish a suitable credit risk environment; operating under a sound credit granting process, maintaining an appropriate credit administration that involves monitoring, processing as well as enough controls over credit risk, and banks need to put and devise strategies that will not only limit the banks exposition to credit risk but will develop performance and competitiveness of the banks.


Yu-k'ou Village is located thirty li south of Ch'in hsien in Shansi Province. In this village lives an old shepherd named Liu Erh-mo. A "five-good" commune member, he is sixty-seven years old this year. Starting at age seven, he has already worked as a shepherd for sixty years. People, concerned about him, have advised him to retire, but he is unwilling to do so. Every day he drives his flock of sheep to pasture, and the sounds of the song "The Communist Party Is Our Benefactor" fill the mountain fastness. Every time people hear him sing the song, they say in admiration, "That poor wretch is getting younger and younger."


Inertial and Non-Inertial Lenition Processes This study aims at determining the influence of vocal tract inertia on the following lenition processes: phonetic vowel reduction, vowel deletion, spirantisation, place assimilation and consonant cluster simplification. Since speech has to be realised within the limits imposed on the speaker by the physical properties of the speech apparatus, even universally preferred sound combinations, i.e. strings of CV syllables, can constitute an articulatory difficulty at fast rates due to the inertia of the active speech organ. Under such circumstances, speakers of various languages frequently apply lenitions that are not employed in their language in natural speech and, most importantly, there are striking similarities in how certain difficulties are overcome. The major conclusion that can be drawn from the data is that lenitions affecting CVC and VCV sound sequences are inertial, whereas those affecting consonant clusters are non-inertial.


Abstract:  The promise of mesotherapy is maintenance and/or recovery of a youthful skin with a firm, bright and moisturized texture. Currently applied medications employ microinjections of hyaluronic acid, vitamins, minerals and amino acids into the superficial layer of the skin. However, the molecular and cellular processes underlying mesotherapy are still elusive. Here we analysed the effect of five distinct medication formulas on pivotal parameters involved in skin ageing, that is collagen expression, cell proliferation and morphological changes using normal human skin fibroblast cultures in vitro. Whereas in the presence of hyaluronic acid, NCTF135® and NCTF135HA®, cell proliferation was comparable to control cultures; however, with higher expression of collagen type‐1, matrix metalloproteinase‐1 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase‐1, addition of Soluvit® N and Meso‐BK led to apoptosis and/or necrosis of human fibroblasts. The data indicate that bioactive reagents currently applied for skin rejuvenation elicit strikingly divergent physiological processes in human skin fibroblast in vitro.


Recent measurements of low-energy galactic cosmic rays obtained on sounding rockets and satellites exhibit a composition different from that obtained for intermediate and high-energy radiation obta...


Employee development is not a choice for most organisations. It is something to be done to motivate employees and to keep them engaged. Different training and self-learning methods are used by employers for employee development. This article proposes the use of business simulation games, which offer many learning benefits to participants while keeping them engaged. This article also provides an example of a business simulation game, which illustrates how a multidisciplinary approach can be used for the development of employees.


Ahslract. The building community wants to move toward the use of building materials with improved "environmental performance at little or no increase in cost. A methodology for evaluating the environmental and economic performance of building materials is described. This methodology is being implemented in decision support sofhvare that will access a publicly available database of environmental and economic performance data for building materials. The software will assist designers and manufacturers in comparing the environmemtaUeconomic performance of alternative building materials. The National Institute of Standards and Technology is collaborating with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in this effort.


Flavobacteriaceae sp.CZ1127,a fucoidanase-producing strain,was isolated and the optimal conditions for fucoidanase fermentation by Flavobacteriaceae sp.CZ1127 were optimized by single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments.The optimum culture medium was obtained as: sea cucumber fucoidan 0.25%,yeast 0.15%,MgSO4.7H2O 0.05%,CaCl2 0.02%,KCl 0.01,Na2HPO4 0.22%,NaH2PO4 0.06%,NaCl 2.5%.After cultivated in 150mL medium with 500mL shake flask at 25 ℃for 48 h with shaking speed of 150 r/min,the activity reached the highest value of 22.88 U/mL which was 3.01 times higher than that under the original conditions.


The paper explores some lessons for third-level electronic engineering education based on the experience of an engineer who has migrated from electrical and electronic engineering into telecommunications. An introduction in telecommunications began in Queens University of Belfast B.Eng studies. A PhD course in the Optoelectronics Department of Strathclyde University followed investigating novel methods of equalising the output of erbium-doped fibre devices. The experience and technical knowledge gained helped obtain employment at Kymata Limited working in R&D. This career path may be typical of a new generation of electronics engineers. The first part of the paper explores the limitations and advantages of professional development outside of a planned educational programme in telecommunications. The second part of the paper describes the excellent optics R&D development base of Scottish Universities that offer a model perhaps for Ireland and the rest of the world. In this competitive age the time taken to bring a device to production specifications can be critical to the on-going survival of small companies. The paper ends by attempting to tie together a number of strands in an overview that may help develop the ongoing debate into the evolution of electronic engineering in third level education.


The authors have analyzed neonatal and postneonatal mortality rate from 1998 to 2007 in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia), in the region of the Russian Federation with a natural increase and young structure of the population. The level of neonatal and postneonatal mortality in the Republic Sakha (Yakutia) remains to be one of the highest in the Russian Federation. The factors influencing level of neonatal and postneonatal mortality in the region are revealed, a number of measures aimed at decline of death of children younger than 12 months in the Republic is suggested.


OBJECTIVES: Older adults can incur problems at low levels of alcohol consumption because of age‐related physiological changes, declining health and functional status, and medication use. We have developed and tested a screening measure specifically for older people, the Alcohol‐Related Problems Survey (ARPS), to identify older adults with these risks.


Rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), PVC/chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), and PVC/CPE/oxidized polyethylene (OPE) compounds were prepared in a Haake torque rheometer. The fusion percolation thresholds (FPTs) of these compounds were defined and compared. Moreover, the fusion curves of these compounds were illustrated and compared. A higher processing temperature resulted in a shorter fusion time and a lower FPT. For PVC/CPE compounds, a higher concentration of CPE could decrease the FPT and promote PVC particles to fuse together easily. Meanwhile, in the beginning of the fusion process, the interaction between a higher concentration of OPE and calcium stearate in PVC/OPE compounds could also promote an easy fusion of the PVC particles. For PVC/CPE/OPE compounds, the synergistic interaction among CPE, OPE, and calcium stearate resulted in the shortest fusion time and the lowest FPT. The FPTs of rigid PVC samples were strongly dependent on not only the processing conditions but also the formulations of the samples. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 3022–3029, 2001


Even though we are far from finished counting the total number of species on Earth, biologists are eagerly assembling and reassembling the Tree of Life. In their Perspective, [Crandall and Buhay][1] discuss an intriguing computational method for assembling a phylogenetic supertree from gene sequences mined from existing genetic databases ([ Driskell et al .][2]).

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/306/5699/1144
 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/306/5699/1172