Fossil energy sources is still the main energy sources to meet the needs of various sectors of Indonesian society, especially for fuel oil (BBM). This encourages the emergence of the idea to replace fossil fuels with alternative renewable fuels. Bioethanol is one of the alternative fuels instead of fossil fuels, or is often used as an additive in motor vehicle fuel. The process of making bioetanol is washed and cut up into smaller fragments, after that heats by an oven with temperature of 150 degree celcius ± 1 hour. At this stage of liquefaction adding HCl to pH 6-6.5 after adding the enzyme alpha-amylase. In the liquefaction stage heats up till boiled and add HCl until the pH to 4, after that add glucoamylase. Adding nutrients NPK and urea as before entering the fermentation process. Then analyze the results of fermentation with Gas Chromatography. Levels of mol is obtained in accordance variable fermentation time is respectively 1,3%; 2,3%; 4,1%; 4.3%


c) d) a) b) Pyrolytic carbon (PyC) can be used as matrix material for carbon-carbon (C/C) composites which exhibit an attractive combination of high fracture toughne ss and high-strength to weight ratio. This unique combination leads to their major application as airc raft brake linings in a variety of extreme aerospace refractory materials. C/C composite materials w ith PyC matrix are of particular interest and can be produced by chemical vapour infiltration of carbon fibe rs preform. The thermoelastic properties of heterogeneous materials d epend on both the constitutive properties of the constituents and the microstructural characteristi cs [1]. In the present paper the thermoelastic and the heat conduction properties are homogenized from the submicron to the micro scale. The submicrostructure of PyC can be described as a large set of approxi mately coherent domains having different orientations. The domains itself exhibit a hexagonal material symmetry. The key results of the presentation are 1) that the first-order and second-order bounds of the stiffness tensor and the heat conduction coefficients of PyC on the submicron scale are represented ex plicitly in terms of the one-point and twopoint correlation functions of domain orientation [2, 3] an d 2) that the statistical information necessary for the evaluation of the bounds is obtained based on image processing techniques applied to micrographs. The first- and second-order bounds are specified for high-tex tured, medium-textured and low-textured microstructures. Based on experimental findings, the textu re in pyrolytic carbon is modeled based on Fisher distributions of the normal directions of the graphe ne planes. Distributions of this type depend only on one concentration parameter. It is shown that the effective coefficients of the layers surrounding the carbon fibers can be estimated based on the one concentrat ion parameter and the average domain shape. The identification of the concentration parameter an d of the average domain shape is performed based on the new segmentation techniques which is applied to TEM images.


As a consequence of increasing water demand, lack of natural water resources, and use of high amounts of fertilizers in the greenhouse crops in arid and semi-arid areas, the use of reclaimed municipal wastewaters is a valuable option, although the knowledge of plant nutritional requirements becomes more important to avoid imbalances caused by the nutrients present in reclaimed wastewater and to attain efficient nutrient use. An experiment was conducted with greenhouse-grown sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. Aifos) on a sand-mulched sandy loam soil and fertigation with recycled municipal wastewater and inorganic fertilizer treatments. Five treatments were applied: control with no nitrogen (N) or potassium (K) supplied (N0K0) and four different doses of N and K as the mean elements with possible imbalances: N1K1, N1K1.5, N1.5K1, and N1.5K1.5. N1K1was the recommended rate under local conditions (125 kg N ha−1 and 193 kg K ha−1). Eight plants per treatment were collected at five growth stages (0, 56, 84, 113, and 155 days after the seedling transplant, DAT). Dry matter (DM) and N, phosphorus (P), K, calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) concentrations in fruit, leaf, stem, and pruning wastes were measured for each sampling date. For all treatments, the period of largest extraction of nutrient by plant occurred from 113 to 155 DAT, which coincides with the greatest accumulation of dry matter. Plant nutrient distribution showed that fruit is the largest sink of N, K, and P. The NK levels showed no effect on DM and nutrient uptake in the periods of vegetative growth, fruiting, and fruit growth. Nutrient uptakes by the plant were not affected by NK level applied. The NK rates could be lowered significantly without reducing DM and nutrient total uptake by plant during vegetative growth, flowering, and early fruit development periods, when using reclaimed municipal wastewater. The fertigation with greater rates of N and K for the harvest period can be considered as an adequate and sustainable procedure to grow greenhouse pepper.


Because of the complexity and number of potential waste sites facing the US Department of Energy (DOE) for potential cleanup, DOE is supporting the development of a computer-based methodology to streamline the remedial investigation/feasibility study process. The Remedial Action Assessment System (RAAS), can be used for screening, linking, and evaluating established technology processes in support of conducting feasibility studies. It is also intended to do the same in support of corrective measures studies. The user interface employs menus, windows, help features, and graphical information while RAAS is in operation. Object-oriented programming is used to link unit processes into sets of compatible processes that form appropriate remedial alternatives. Once the remedial alternatives are formed, the RAAS methodology can evaluate them in terms of effectiveness, implementability, and cost. RAAS will access a user-selected risk assessment code to determine the reduction of risk after remedial action by each recommended alternative. The methodology will also help determine the implementability of the remedial alternatives at a site and access cost estimating tools to provide estimates of capital, operating, and maintenance costs. This paper presents the characteristics of two RAAS prototypes currently being developed. These include the RAAS Technology Information System, which accesses graphical, tabular andmore » textual information about technologies, and the main RAAS methodology, which screens, links, and evaluates remedial technologies. 4 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.« less


Permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) has been widely used in high performance drive applications for its advantages,such as compactness,high efficiency,reliability and suitability to environment.Sensorless control of PMSM has been a hot research topic of motor control technology,which has the advantages of low cost and high reliability.The paper presents an analytical and experimental evaluation of sliding mode observer for eliminating position and speed sensor in permanent magnet synchronous machine.The SMO approach is designed,in simulation and in experiments,to provide accurate rotor position estimation under allowable operation range of motor.At the same time,the adaptive velocity estimate method guarantees precise velocity feedback information used in speed control.The simulation results and experimental results show that the performance of the closed-loop speed control of PMSM is good.


Methods: Data on survival from first symptom were recorded in 548 ALS patients. Date of diagnosis was available in 450 of these along with data on gender, onset site and onset age. We used Kaplan-Meier (KM) analyses and log-rank tests to assess categorical variables (including treatment) for univariable association with survival, and univariable Cox regression to assess significance of continuous variables. Variables with a univariable p-value of 50.2 were considered for inclusion in the multivariable Cox regression model. Riluzole and PEG treatment were fitted as time varying covariates. We examined survival from onset and diagnosis as two separate outcomes.


In this paper, a new EBG based compact design of dual band UWB MIMO antenna is proposed. This MIMO antenna operates in Ku-band and K-band. It consists of four slotted-rectangular element antennas and it occupies a compact size of 60.72×56.72 mm2. The existence of EBG enhances a -10 dB impedance bandwidth (VSWR ≤ 2) and it reduces mutual coupling. Based on the simulated numerical results, it is shown that the EBG based design has a 3.518 GHz of ultrawideband in Ku-band and a 3.699 GHz of ultrawideband in K-band, respectively. There is a 17.46 % bandwidth improvement in Ku-band. In addition, reducing the level of mutual coupling by using EBG technique reaches – 30 dB until – 70 dB along dual band. In addition, the presented design has very low ECC level, i.e., 0.003. This new proposed design has a good performance including low mutual coupling, compact size and ability to operate in dual band UWB.


Objective To study the effects of dexamethasone on bile secretion of monolayer rat hepatocytes. Methods Adult male F344 rats were used as the source of hepatocytes obtained by Seglen two step perfusion technique and repeated low speed centrifugation. Monolayer hepatocytes were cultured in Willam's E medium with addition of dexamethasone and then observed phase contract microscopy. The actin cytoskeletal organization was observed by Rhodamine Phallodine staining and the function of bile canaliculi studied by observation of transcellular transport of fluorescin diacetate using florescent microscopy. Results There was dilatation of hepatocytic bile canalicular structure after treatment with dexamethasone. Fluoresence accumulation appeared in the dilated bile canaliculi and that of actin was seen at the edge of bile canaliculi. Conclusions Dexamethasone can increase bile secretion and induce dilatation of the bile canaliculi.


We live in a visually rich environment yet our brains are only equipped to process a small fraction of all available information at any point in time. For successful and efficient perception, the brain relies on attention to differentiate and select specific stimuli for further analysis. Attention can be directed to features – feature based attention – which enhances the processing of other similar features independent of spatial location. I have recently shown that the benefits of feature-based attention not only apply to lower-level features, but also to processes of object perception. The aim of the thesis was to examine the behavioural and electrophysiological correlates underlying the influence of feature-based attention on object perception. Chapter 1 measured the electric field activity associated with attending to higher-level features (object contours) and comparing it with the neural activity while attending to motion stimuli. We found temporally later effects for contours relative to motion, suggesting that feature-based attention to objects might be mediated by higher-tier visual areas, such as the lateral occipital cortex. In Chapter 2, I describe a study designed to investigate the time course of neural activity while cueing attention within the feature dimension of shape that more directly targets higher-tier visual areas. Consistent with Chapter 1, I iii found temporally late modulation, but behavioural effects that were weaker than expected. To account for these findings, I proposed a "wrong-turn" model which explains the perceptual benefits and costs coupled to expecting the correct or incorrect feature by taking into consideration the hierarchical structure of the visual system. Moreover, the model also makes specific predictions about the pattern of behavioural and electrophysiological activity while attending to features of varying complexity during object perception. The aim of Chapter 3 was to test the predictions of the model; I cued attention to colour, a lower-level feature essential to perceiving the object. I found much stronger behavioural cueing effects, and a biphasic pattern (early and late) electric brain activity that confirmed the predictions of the model. Together the results indicate that feature-based attention plays an important role in object perception that is mediated by a flexible perceptual system.


The effects of five phosphorus levels and two fertilizer application methods on the growth, yield and quality of linseed were evaluated at the Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Linseed variety "Chandni" was grown under triplicate RCBD factorial design following two application methods of fertilizer, including side drilling and broadcast, with different doses of P2O5, i.e. 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg ha-1,using DAP as a source in sub plots, with net plot size of 5 m × 1.8 m. The data was recorded for different traits and statistically analyzed which showed highly significant results with respect to side drilling method; while, parameters including time to start germination and time taken to 50% germination showed non-significant effect in regard of phosphorus application methods. Broadcasting method of application has showed statistically significant results for mean emergence time, plant population, plant height, number of branches per plant, number of seeds per capsule, seed yield and biological yield as well. Among different phosphorus levels, phosphorus applied @ 60 kgha-1 significantly affected maximum to start germination, mean emergence time, plant height, number of capsule per plant, number of seeds per capsule, biological yield and seed protein content; while, plant population, 1000-seed weight, seed oil content were significantly affected by the phosphorus applied @ 40 kgha-1. Among the interaction effect between application method and different phosphorus levels, phosphorus applied @ 60 kgha-1 through the method of side drilling significantly affected the time to start germination, mean emergence time, plant height, biological yield and seed protein content. It was concluded from our study that the application method of side drilling and level of phosphorus when applied @ 60 kgha-1 significantly affected on growth, yield and quality of linseed.


Alkyl α-D-glucopyranosides were selectively converted into their 6-O-acyl esters by lipase-catalyzed transesterification with ethyl acrylate or ethyl 4-chlorobutanoate. Comparison of six lipase preparations showed large differences in activity and selectivity. The addition of zeolite CaA for selective adsorption of ethanol and water, exerted profound effects on conversion and regioselectivity of the transesterification. A quantitative conversion with high selectivity was achieved using lipases from C. antarctica in the presence of zeolite CaA.


Let X1:n ≤ X2:n ≤ ··· ≤ Xn:n denote the order statistics of a set of independent and not necessarily identically distributed random variables X1,..., Xn. Under mild assumptions, it is shown that Xk−1:n−1 ≤lr Xk:n for k = 2,..., n if X1 ≤lr X2 ≤lr ··· ≤lr Xn and that Xk:n ≤lr Xk:n−1 for k = 1,..., n − 1 if X1 ≥lr X2 ≥lr ··· ≥lr Xn, where ≤lr denotes the likelihood ratio order. Concerning the mean residual life order (≤mrl), it is shown that Xn−1:n−1 ≤mrl Xn:n if Xj ≤mrl Xn for j = 1,..., n − 1. Two counterexamples are also given to illustrate that Xk−1:n−1 ≤mrl Xk:n in this case is, in general, not true for k < n.


Culture Keeping: White Mothers, International Adoption, and the Negotiation of Family Difference By Heather Jacobson Vanderbilt University Press, 2008 216 pages Call Me Okaasan: Adventures in Multicultural Mothering Edited by Suzanne Kamata Wyatt-MacKenzie Publishing, 2009 224 pages Kimchi & Calamari By Rose Kent Har perCollins, 2007 240 pages


In a recent issue of this Journal, Horowitz (1963) reviewed the literature concerning social reinforcement effects on child behavior. Laboratory findings concerning those factors determining reinforcer effectiveness were summarized. Now, three research workers at the University of Washington present the results of their recent and provocative work demonstrating the effectiveness of carefully worked-out contingencies of adult attention in modifying certain "problem" behaviors of children within the nursery school itself. There are unmistakable and important implications in this research for nursery school practice even though the authors prudently point to the care needed in the nursery school setting to bring childrens' behavior under the control of social reinforcement. These efforts are also preliminary, but the painstaking persistence of the Washington researchers reaffirms belief in the infinite modifiability of behavior and the potential of the nursery school teacher in this endeavor.


This paper presents a design of a compact antenna applicator for a microwave colonoscopy system. Although colonoscopy is the most effective method for colorectal cancer detection, it suffers from important visualization restrictions that limit its performance. We recently reported that the contrast between healthy mucosa and cancer was 30%–100% for the relative permittivity and conductivity, respectively, at 8 GHz, and the complex permittivity increased proportionally to the degeneration rate of polyps (cancer precursors). The applicator is designed as a compact cylindrical array of eight antennas attached at the tip of a conventional colonoscope. The design presented here is a proof-of-concept applicator composed by one transmitting and one receiving cavity-backed U-shaped slot antenna elements fed by an L-shaped microstrip line. The antennas are low profile and present a high isolation at 8 GHz. The antenna performance is assessed with simulations and experimentally with a phantom composed by different liquids.


to re-categorize the defining signs of death (from absence of breath to lack of brain activity). Elsewhere, Luckhurst's cultural history bravely negotiates the extensive appearance of Nazi zombies in popular culture, threading survivor accounts of concentration camps with twentiethcentury fears of mass culture and technological, especially nuclear, power. In Zombies—for all of the careful attention to diverse histories 'still branded by the murderous history of slavery and colonial dispossession'—there is no final metaphorical solution: the ghostly associations of the etymology of the word 'zombi' allow many 'liminal' movements and cross-cultural slippage so that the zombie remains 'a moving target, an enigma that resists simple capture' (196). In contrast, The Transatlantic Zombie is keen to identify more solid historical and dialectical forces articulating slave and plantation practices with wider economic and aesthetic commerce. Zombies are more material and embodied in this account; figures of dispossession that never forget slavery and still demand forms of resistance. It is a disposition that examines links between Caribbean and US slavery. In the southern states, owners already disarmed by the slogans of the Haitian Revolution and disinclined to buy slaves from the region do not manage to stop voodoo reaching black folklore, but see no significant importation of zombies (72). The critical trajectory of the book discovers many continuities between slavery and the forms of capitalism that succeeded it. This is an approach that, when it comes to studying contemporary material, reads Haitian folklore and literature as modes enabling zombies to be 'repossessed', their local origins and significance reclaimed from so many global, colonial appropriations (121). The line of argument persists so that the final chapter's examination of art practices re-working living-dead images are seen as texts reawakening the politics entwined in the cultural history of zombies. Zombie walks—viewed as forms of popular protest—also manifest the legacy of Haitian zombie, in that they signal how dispossessed groups display resistance to political and economic formations of power and exploitation. Cultural history, critique, and interpretation are necessarily entangled in these two studies. Historical records remain haunted by unwritten forms of cultural survival and resistance, by a painful materiality that, as The Transatlantic Zombie acknowledges, poses problems well known in the study of folklore: the 'difficulty of knowing "the history" of a myth that is ever evolving and that comes out of a predominantly oral tradition' (109). The zombie retains this difficulty; elusive yet palpable in the questions of slavery, dispossession, and resistance it continues to pose. As a metaphor of indescribable cultural deracination and dehumanization, the zombie maintains a breach in practices of recording and representation, and thus signifies a space of unwritten experience open to interrogation as much as interpretation. For Luckhurst, it is not a metaphor that can be tied to a single context or meaning but is a figure that 'travels' and mutates amid diverse beliefs 'in worlds of rumour, superstition and storytelling' (196). Travel, translation, transfer, and transportation: while spectral—metaphorical—reverberations seem to take precedence over material histories in both accounts, there remains something solid and disturbing in the way Haitian figures continue to be embodied between oral and written forms; something disconcerting in the way that the zombies of migration, cultural devastation, forced labour, dispossession, and dehumanization are still in transit today.


Jeremy Rose Department o/Computing Science University 0/ Aalborg Frederik Bajers Vej 7 DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark Paul Lewis Department 0/ Management Science The Management School Lancaster University Bailrigg Lancaster LA14YX United Kingdom Structuration theory, Giddens' meta theory of social practice, has been used for theorizing the IS field and for analyzing empirical case studies, but has been little used in any practical or action research context. In the action research project reported here, which concerns the development of an intranet in a university department, structurational analysis was woven into the action research framework. This enabled social insight and reflections, which would not have been the primary focus of an analyst using a conventional systems development methodology, andfacilitated the shaping offuture developments for the intranet. Many of these developments have been implemented and proved successful.


The electrochemical activities of polyaniline (PANI) in different manganese (Mn) salt solutions were studied. The experimental results show better electrochemical activity for PANI in the manganese chloride (MnCl2) solution. Additionally, the electrochemical reaction performance of PANI was enhanced by the addition of lithium chloride (LiCl) in the MnCl2 electrolyte. Doping with manganese ions (Mn) also improved the conductivity of MnCl2. Porous carbon felt was used as the threedimensional (3D) matrix for electrochemical sedimentation. The deposition efficiency was greatly improved by the addition of zinc ions (Zn) in the electrolyte. With a concentration of 0.5 M Zn, the deposition efficiency of Mn was 93%. With the Mn-doped PANI particle suspension as the cathode material and the 3D Zn-Mn alloy as the anode, the flow battery was tested at different charge and discharge current densities. The discharge capacity density reached 153 mAh·g at 15 mA cm, and the average discharge voltage was more than 1.2 V, which indicates that the present cell is promising for use as high-performance rechargeable battery or energy storage.


This paper reports the results of detailed mean flow and turbulence measurements made with hot-wire anemometry in the flowfield of a turbulent free jet of air issuing from a sharp-edged rectangular slot of aspect ratio 20 into still air surroundings. All three components of the mean velocity vector, the three Reynolds normal stresses and the two Reynolds primary shear stresses were measured. The mean streamwise vorticity and the turbulence kinetic energy have been calculated from the relevant measured data. It was found that the cross section of the jet, in the near flowfield, is dominated by counter-rotating streamwise vortices that facilitate rapid nearfield mixing. Rapid mixing is also evidenced by a short potential core length and high values of the turbulence kinetic energy and the Reynolds primary shear stresses compared with those found in an axisymmetric jet at the corresponding streamwise locations. In addition, mean streamwise velocity off-center peaks, which may be the result of the self-induction of the counter-rotating streamwise vortices, were found in the near flowfield, and the jet was found to spread monotonically in the central plane of the slot minor axis and to contract initially in the central plane of the slot major axis.


A method of conveying data unit traffic from a radio terminal in a mobile communication system that comprises an access network (E-UTRAN) and a core network (Evolved Packet Core) is described. It comprises: - receiving (S31) a service request message for data unit communication from said radio terminal, and - performing (S32) a conveying decision procedure, and on the basis of an outcome of said conveying decision procedure, associating a radio channel between an access network entity and a radio terminal with one of -- a channel to a dedicated data unit processing entity (P- GW) in said core network for conveying data units from said radio terminal to said dedicated data unit processing entity for processing (S33), and -- an access network channel for conveying data units from said radio terminal within said access network (S34).


The methodology to realize the tunable one-way transmission of Lamb waves is proposed by using giant magnetostrictive materials. The elasticity of Terfenol-D is sensitive to the external magnetic fields, based on which the one-way transmission anti-symmetric and symmetric Lamb waves is achieved via non-symmetric magnetic field distributions imposed on Terfenol-D, and exemplified by numerical simulations in the frequency domain. Finally, the frequency tunability under magnetic fields is revealed quantitatively. The design scheme proposed is easily fabricated and artificially controllable, which opens a new prospect for the wave rectification and engineering applications.


This paper examines some aspects of the Greek courts. We use as an indirect measure for the time needed to dispense justice the ratio of cases remaining at the end of the year to total cases introduced. We document over time a steady increase in the time needed to dispense justice. Furthermore, it is examined if staffing with respect to caseload, and especially the lack of sufficient staffing for a given caseload, is a factor that contributes to the slow termination of cases in Greek courts. The analysis of the data suggests that the ratio of staff to total cases is a factor that does affect the time needed to terminate cases in appeals courts and higher civil courts of first instance, but not in administrative courts of first instance and lower civil courts of first instance. Therefore, the recommendation of the existing literature, following from the analysis mainly of first instance courts, to emphasize measures that simplify procedures and lead to an increase in accountability and competition should be adopted, at least for courts of first instance. For appeals courts, our results suggest that the improvement of the staff to case ratio may be paired with such measures, while the improvement of the quality of first instance rulings should also reduce the appeals rate. Finally, other measures of the quality of justice dispensing mechanism are examined. We document a steady increase in the appeals rate, which in turn suggests a decline in the quality of the decisions of the courts of first instance.


Objective To evaluate the efficiency of CT virtual endoscopy (CTVE) in detecting the lesions of the vertebral canal. Methods Two pigs spinal specimens obtained from pigs and two formalin fixed human spine specimens were used for the experimental study and then application was carried out in thirteen patients. CT scanning was done after injection of contrast agent. CT data were transferred to an independent workstation (GE Sun sparc workstation 20). A three-dimensional views of the spinal canal were produced with the software of navigator. Results The structures of the vertebral canal, cauda equina, neurodokon canal and epidural compression, could be clearly observed in three-dimensions through VEVC which had the ability to rotate or reverse in all directions. Conclusion VEVC succeeded in detecting pathologic conditions of the spinal canal in a more direct and distinct way.


The objective of this work is to evaluate the effects that different proportions of adjuncts in the process of producing fermentable sugars. Experiments were carried out with a ratio of four parts of water to one of the cereals used in the wort formation. The valuation of the conversion was made from the analysis of the
density of the mash formed. Aiming this objective, five rounds of experiments, at
a temperature of 65°C, each one with a combination of cereals, such as pale ale
malt and oats, pale ale malt and wheat, pale ale malt and non-malted barley, diasthetic malt and wheat, diasthetic malt and non-malted barley. Each group of experiments, with different amounts of adjuncts used. Being these variations 0%, 25%, 50% and 75%. The extracts were measured throughout the experiments,
then was performed the qualitative analysis of the results obtained. It was observed that, with the increase in the adjuncts, there were in some cases drop down in conversion values in fermentable sugars. It can be noticed that the use of oats with malts had a greater conversion, reaching a decrease of around 7% in the case of 75% oats with 25% pale ale, while wheat resulted in the lowest. When comparing the pale ale malt with the diasthetic, it was observed a greater potential of conversion by the latter, from the means of the experiments 100% pale ale the minimum calculated extract was 13.73Bx and the maximum of 16.50Bx. For
100% diasthetic experiments, the minimum calculated extract was 13.78Bx and the maximum of 16.63Bx


2001. The Commission, created to ". . . provide the fullest possible account of the events surrounding 9/11 and to identify the lessons learned" (p. xvi), was not explicitly charged to conduct an environmental and natural resource study, and their Report does not frame the problem as an environmental concern. Nevertheless, through oil, the connections among environment, national security, and 9/11 are clear.


From the concept and research background of competency,this paper discusses the significance of establishing competency model in commercial fitness clubs in China,and therefore points out the methods and principles for the model construction: interview,360° assessment,and dada processing and statistic analysis etc.Competency-based human resources management practice should focus on such matters as the establishment of goal levels,choice of competency standard,club culture integration and feedback interview.


Formal concept is the basic unit of knowledge representation. Concept lattice comes from formal concept analysis theory, which is the ordered hierarchy of all formal concepts. Concept lattice structure model is a powerful tool for data analysis. In recent years, due to the visualization of concept lattices and the clarity of knowledge discovery, FCA has developed into an effective tool for data analysis, and has been widely used in various fields such as data mining, information retrieval, software engineering, etc., and it has achieved good economic and social benefits. Therefore, it is necessary to study the theory of formal concept analysis. At the same time, in order to meet the different needs of life, different kinds of formal concept analysis also emerged. This paper mainly analyzes the current research status of several mainstream concept analysis theories, and puts forward the prospect of them.


The aim of this research is to gain the perception of students and lecturers toward academic writing instruction Indonesian language classes in Universitas Sriwijaya. This current research was a part of research and development study on Moodle-based teaching model for academic writing instruction in Indonesian language classes. The steps of research and development model was carried out using survey and content analysis. The research was conducted in Universitas Sriwijaya. Questionnaire, interview and focus-group discussion (FGD) were instruments to collect data. Meanwhile, both quantitative and qualitative data analysis was used to analyze the collected data. After analyzing data from questionnaire, both students and lecturers perceived that academic writing instruction in Indonesian language classes are good and proper. However, the data from interview and FGD showed that there were different views between students and lecturers regarding to academic writing instruction in Indonesian language classes.Keywords: perception, instruction, academic writing


Secondary ice production via rime-splintering is considered to be an important process for rapid glaciation and high ice crystal numbers observed in mixed-phase convective clouds. An open question is how rime-splintering is triggered in the relatively short time between cloud formation and observations of high ice crystal numbers. We use idealised simulations of a deep convective cloud system to investigate the thermodynamic and cloud microphysical evolution of air parcels, in which the model predicts secondary ice formation. The Lagrangian analysis suggests that the "in-situ" formation of rimers either by growth of primary ice or rain freezing does not play a major role in triggering secondary ice formation. Instead, rimers are predominantly imported into air parcels through sedimentation form higher altitudes. While ice nucleating particles (INPs) initiating heterogeneous freezing of cloud droplets at temperatures warmer than −10 °C have no discernible impact of the occurrence of secondary ice formation, in a scenario with rain freezing secondary ice production is initiated slightly earlier in the cloud evolution and at slightly different places, although with no major impact on the abundance or spatial distribution of secondary ice in the cloud as a whole. These results suggest that for interpreting and analysing observational data and model experiments regarding cloud glaciation and ice formation it is vital to consider the complex vertical coupling of cloud microphysical processes in deep convective clouds via three-dimensional transport and sedimentation.


In 2011, PSA launched a brand new 3 cylinder petrol engine in the Tremery plant. A new workshop wascompletely designed according to the Lean Manufacturing concepts. Indeed the metrology room was thus designedaccording the principles of just in time, just requisite, smoothed activities. Internal flow of parts was optimized, tasks were reorganized within the metrology and the planning of inspections was coordinated with the needs of the production line. We also re-examined our control policy, in particular we introduced the form measurement on CMM.


Airport screening has become ubiquitous in the face of the worldwide spread of COVID-19. Authorities are taking passengers9 temperatures and asking where they9ve been, both before they board planes and as they arrive at their destinations. But research and recent experience shows screening of departing or arriving passengers will likely do very little to slow the spread of the virus as it9s exceedingly rare for screeners to intercept infected travelers. Historically, studies have shown that travelers infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Ebola, and the H1N1 pandemic influenza slipped through airport screening. And the attempt over several recent weeks by the United States to catch those infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, at airports has not kept the disease from sweeping through the country.


In this thesis, a transportable setup of an Yb atomic source for a lattice optical clock is built and characterized. All three laser setups for cooling and trapping the Yb atoms, together with the vacuum system, are contained on a transportable optical table. The preparation of the atomic sample before doing spectroscopy on the clock transition starts by slowing the atoms in the Zeeman slower. This is followed by trapping the atoms in the pre-cooling and the post-cooling MOTs, before loading the atoms into the optical lattice. Slowing and pre-cooling the atoms is done using the strong transition at 399 nm. This cools the atoms down to around a mK. To successfully load the atoms in the optical lattice, we have to cool the atoms further to beyond 50 μK. This is done by exciting the weak transition at 556 nm. The atoms that are transferred into the post-cooling stage are cooled down to a few tens of μK. The atoms are then ready to be loaded into the optical lattice at the magic wavelength. The amplified laser light at 760 nm inside the 1-D intra-vacuum cavity results in a lattice trapping potential of approximately 50 μK. A transfer efficiency, from the MOT into the optical lattice, of more than 25% was measured. The spectroscopy on the clock transition was done for 171Yb. A step-by-step mechanism was adopted, starting by exciting the forbidden transition at 578 nm inside the post-cooling stage MOT, by using the "chopped-MOT" method. The 300 kHz Doppler-broadened line is then narrowed down to 3 kHz by switching on the light at 760 nm, while keeping the MOT on. The so-called "chopped-lattice" technique helped suppress the Doppler-broadening; however the other effects due to the light and the magnetic fields of the MOT were still present. By switching off the MOT's light and magnetic fields, the Yb atoms are completely trapped in the optical lattice. As a result, the FWHM of the spectroscopy line was reduced by a factor of 10.


A simple fast and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of Primidone Tablets. A symmetry (5µ, 150 x 4 .6mm column) in isocratic mode with methanol: Water (50:50) as mobile phase. The Flow rate is1.0ml/min and effluent is monitored at 210nm.


. The indirect immunoperoxidase technique (IPT) was used to examine specific superficial colonies of organisms observed on the gills of salmonids. The evidence obtained suggested that the superficial colonies were not a form of Aeromonas salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis. Application of the IPT to bacterial smears and previously stained histological sections from a case of furunculosis, confirmed the sensitivity of the technique and suggested the presence of common antigens between A. salmonicida and members of the Vibrionaceae, Pseudomonaceae and Enterobacteriaceae.


First, the optimal correspondence of distance is defined for robots' corresponding vertexes. For its determi-nation, we give an elimination method, including the model, the principle and the steps of operation. Next, two new types of artificial moments are defined, based on which the robots' motion controllers are designed to make robots avoid various obstacles and keep in a desired formation. Thus, a general approach for dynamical formation control is developed which not only makes robots dynamically realize the desired formations, but also minimizes the time for the process of formation by optimizing robots' corresponding vertexes. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.


BACKGROUND OR CONTEXT: A developing international engineering industry is dependent on competition and innovation, creating a market for highly skilled graduates from respected overseas and Australian Engineering universities. The delivery of engineering teaching and learning via blended faceto-face, problem based, research focused and online collaborative learning will continue to be the foundation of future engineering education, however, it will be those institutions who can reshape its learning spaces within a culture of innovation using 1:1 devices that will continue to attract the brightest minds. Investing in educational research that explores the preferred learning styles of learners and matching this to specifically designed 1:1 personalized web applications may be the 'value add' to improve student engagement. In this paper, a survey of Australian engineering education is presented and contrasted against a backdrop of internationally recognised educational pedagogy to demonstrate how engineering teaching and learning has changed over time. This paper draws on research and identifies a gap where a necessity to question the validity of 1:1 devices as the next step in the evolution of engineering education needs to be undertaken. How will teaching and learning look using 1:1 devices and will it drive student demand into engineering higher education courses. Will this lead to improving professional standards within a dynamic engineering education context? How will current and future teaching and learning be influenced by constructivism using 1:1 device technologies? How will the engineering industry benefit from higher education investment in individualised engineering education using 1:1 devices for teaching and learning? PURPOSE OR GOAL: To review the current academic thinking around the topic of 1:1 devices within higher education engineering teaching and learning context in Australia. To identify any gaps in the current understandings and use of 1:1 devices within engineering courses in Australia. To generate discussion and better understanding about how the use of 1:1 devices may hinder and/or improve teaching and learning and student engagement. APPROACH: A review covering the development of engineering education in Australia and a broader international review of engineering teaching methodology. To identify the extent of research into the use and effectiveness of online strategies within engineering education utilising 1:1 devices for teaching and learning. i.e. "Students must feel that they are part of a learning community and derive motivation to engage in the study material from the lecturer.' (Lloyd et al., 2001) It is proposed to add to the current body of understandings and explore the effectiveness of a constructiveness teaching approach using course material specifically designed to cater for individual learning styles and delivered via the use of 1:1 devices in the classroom. It is anticipated the research will contrast current engineering teaching and learning practices and identify factors that will facilitate a greater understanding about student connectedness and engagement with the teaching and learning experience; where a constructiveness environment is supported with the use of 1:1 devices. Also, it is anticipated that the constructed learning environment will foster a culture of innovation and students will be empowered to take control of their own learning and be encouraged to contribute back to the discussion initiated by the lecture and/or course material with the aid of 1:1 device technologies. A gap has been identified in the academic literature that show there is a need to understand the relationship between engineering teaching, learning, students engagement and the use of 1:1 devices. DISCUSSION: A review covering the development of engineering education in Australia and a broader international review of engineering teaching methodology. To identify the extent of research into the use and effectiveness of online strategies within engineering education utilising 1:1 devices for teaching and learning. i.e. "Students must feel that they are part of a learning community and derive motivation to engage in the study material from the lecturer.' (Lloyd et al., 2001) It is proposed to add to the current body of understandings and explore the effectiveness of a constructiveness teaching approach using course material specifically designed to cater for individual learning styles and delivered via the use of 1:1 devices in the classroom. ANTICIPATED OUTCOMES: It is anticipated the research will contrast current engineering teaching and learning practices and identify factors that will facilitate a greater understanding about student connectedness and engagement with the teaching and learning experience; where a constructiveness environment is supported with the use of 1:1 devices. Also, it is anticipated that the constructed learning environment will foster a culture of innovation and students will be empowered to take control of their own learning and be encouraged to contribute back to the discussion initiated by the lecture and/or course material with the aid of 1:1 device technologies. A gap has been identified in the academic literature that show there is a need to understand the relationship between engineering teaching, learning, students engagement and the use of 1:1 devices. RECOMMENDATIONS/IMPLICATIONS/CONCLUSION: A gap exists in the current research about the effectiveness and use of 1:1 devices in engineering education; therefore, it is necessary to undertake further research in the area. It is proposed to hypothesize and conduct field research to identify any shortcomings and possible benefits for engineering educators and learners within a constructivist-teaching context that explores the relationship between the use of personalized 1:1 devices for teaching and learning, adapting for individual learning styles, and identification and application of appropriate teaching and learning strategies within a constructiveness engineering course approach. Research is required to clarify the following research questions; • What education teaching and learning strategies best facilitate the use of 1:1 devices for online teaching and learning? • Does student engagement improve when 1:1 device technologies are used and adapted to cater for individual learning styles during online delivery of engineering courses? • What are the factors within a university engineering faculty that may hinder and/or support the use of 1:1 devices for online teaching and learning? • To what extent do 1:1 devices assist engineering educators and students to foster a culture of innovation? The study results will offer engineering educators and students an opportunity to reflect on their current teaching and learning practice, and contextualise the use of 1:1 devices as a tool to improve student engagement. It is expected the learning benefits will outweigh the implementation costs and derive a unique learning experience that will empower engineering educators and students to inspire a culture of innovation.


The pandemic caused by the dispersion of COVID-19 in the world has forced many countries to adopt quarantines to contain the virus. Previous researches indicate that people subjected to social isolation develop psychological symptoms mainly related to stress, anxiety, and depression due to social deprivation and confinement. This manuscript presents researches produced by Positive Psychology and indicates how these findings can support interventions to promote mental health and well-being during quarantines. We highlight researches focused on self-compassion, resilience, creativity, hope, optimism, subjective well-being, and mindfulness meditation practices to deal with the adverse effects of quarantines. Considerations and implications of these practices are discussed in detail.


The PARADIGM-HF (Prospective Comparison of ARNI with ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure) trial showed unequivocal superiority of sacubitril–valsartan (target dose 200 mg twice daily) over enalapril (target dose 10 mg twice daily) in clinically stable patients with heart failure, a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and mostly mild symptoms who were initially able to tolerate the protocol-specified target doses of each agent.1 The trial was designed to satisfy regulators' requirements and was not meant to be a practical blueprint for a clinical care plan. Like most clinical trials, it should be regarded as an aid to clinical judgement rather than a precise set of instructions. Clinicians must extrapolate evidence from clinical trials to individual patients and judge what is in their patients' best interests rather than merely decide whether the patient fulfils the trial entry criteria. A very conservative stance on dose, as in recent European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines on sacubitril/valsartan,2 may apply to rather few patients; a more liberal stance, as suggested by the European Medicines Agency or National Institute for Health & Care Excellence may apply to many.3 Who is right? Does dose matter? PARADIGM-HF required all patients to tolerate pre-specified doses of both medications. It did not set out to prove that the target dose of either agent was optimal. Indeed, the concept of a single universal target dose appropriate for all patients is implausible. Plasma concentrations of medicines will depend on absorption, body size and composition, and the rate of clearance by the kidney, liver, and other mechanisms, and not just the dose ingested. For many patients, higher doses will be tolerated and might be more effective; for others they will not be tolerated and might be deleterious. Lower doses will usually be better tolerated in the short term but might offer less long-term protection from disease progression.4 Identifying the optimal dose for an individual patient is difficult. Clearly a zero-dose must be ineffective, although not necessarily suboptimal for some individuals, and


Temperature and velocity measurements were carried out at the center of the test section of an 8-in. I.D. cylindrical graphite chamber in a confined nitrogen jet issuing from a 40-kw. D.C. plasma torch. The test section was located 10.5 in. below the torch nozzle, and temperatures and velocities up to 4,300°F. and 120 ft./sec. were obtained.

The overall rates of heat transfer by forced convection were measured to water cooled circular and square cylinders in two orientations. Results indicated that, owing to the high level of turbulence of the jet, turbulent boundary layers prevailed in the low range of Reynolds numbers investigated. Correlations are presented in terms of the Nusselt, Reynolds, and Prandtl numbers, with the physical properties of the gas evaluated at the bulk temperature.


Premature rupture of membranes is a state of rupture of the membranes before birth. Complications arising from premature rupture of membran one of which is preterm birth, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship with the incidence premature rupture of membranes preterm birth Arifin Achmad Hospital in Pekanbaru in 2012. The design study is a cross sectional analytic design. The population is the entire maternal Arifin Achmad Hospital in Pekanbaru. Sampling technique in this study is simple random sampling, with a sample size of 352 people. Analysis of the data used are univariate and bivariate. Univariate analysis showed the incidence of Arifin Achmad Hospital in Pekanbaru in 2012 amounted to 60 people ( 17.04 % ) and the incidence of preterm birth in Arifin Achmad Hospital Pekanbaru in 2012 amounted to 50 persons ( 14.21 % ). The results of the bivariate analysis of the value obtained χ ² > χ ² table ( 39.51 > 3.481), the 95 % significance level, so that Ho is rejected / accepted and Ha computerized test values obtained ρ value < α ( 0.000 < 0.05 ) which means that there is a relationship between the incidence premature rupture of membranes with preterm birth in Arifin Achmad Hospital Pekanbaru in 2012. Health workers are expected to Arifin Achmad Hospital in Pekanbaru that this study can be used as input, so that the incidence premature rupture of membranes and preterm birth decreased from year to year.


Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are two fields that are causing substantial development in every field specifically in the field of medical sciences; for the stupendous potential that it can provide to assist the clinicians, researchers, in clinical decision making, automate time consuming procedures, medical imaging, and more. Most implementations of AI/ML rely on static data set, and this where the big data steps in. That is, these models are developed and trained on a data set that is already recorded and have been diligently reviewed for accuracy; leading to a precise decision-making process. Experts foresee that AI/ML based overarching care system will develop high-quality patient care and innovative research, aiding advanced decision support tools. In this paper we shall realize what are the current devices that are build and are being used for real time problem solving, also discuss the impact of Software as a Medical Device (SAMD) in future of medical sciences. [2,3,11]


We study the kinetic mean-field limits of the discrete systems of interacting particles used for halftoning of images in the sense of continuous-domain quantization. Under mild assumptions on the regularity of the interacting kernels, we provide a rigorous derivation of the mean-field kinetic equation. Moreover, we study the energy of the system, show that it is a Lyapunov functional and prove that in the long time limit the solution tends to an equilibrium given by a local minimum of the energy. In a special case we prove that the equilibrium is unique and is identical to the prescribed image profile. This proves the consistency of the particle halftoning method when the number of particles tends to infinity.


Marketing capacity is not only the capacity for enterprises to deal with problems in markets during the marketing process but also the integrative capacity for enterprises to analyze market opportunities,to choose target markets,to determinate marketing mix and to manage marketing actions.Marketing capacity is the key to marketizing enterprise RD achievements.By analyzing the formation process of the enterprise marketing capacity,this paper reveals the rule for marketizing enterprise RD achievements,which can be referred to by enterprises in their technological innovation.


It is a pleasure to reflect on my term as editor of Stroke . There were many accomplishments that led to an increased understanding of stroke and its management during that period, and many changes in the journal itself.

Perhaps the most conspicuous change in Stroke occurred in 1988, when the journal moved from bimonthly to monthly publication. By 1989 there was a 50% increase, from 1987, in studies published in Stroke . This figure suggests that not only was there an increasing amount of research published, but that its quality did not appear to have been diluted. Further, it is likely that the overall time to publication of stroke-related research was substantially shortened by monthly publication. It must be noted that these changes could not have been accomplished without a cadre of diligent reviewers and the devotion and hard work of Nancy Lynch Clark, who served as managing editor throughout my tenure. It is they who made the journal larger, with no loss of scientific integrity.

Stroke grew in other ways as well. The subject index and glossary of terms were standardized, using MeSH headings, and an in-house abstracts editor. This was the first and only time that the abstracts …


Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cilnidipine in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.Methods:A multicenter,randomized,double blind and parallel control clinical trial recruited 227 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertensive patients,who were ran- domized to one of two treatment groups:cilnidipine capsules (5 mg,n=114) or cilnidipine tablets (5mg,n=113),once daily for 2 weeks.After 2-week washout period,the patients started oral admin- istration of study drugs.The patients with seated DBP≥90 mmHg at the end of 2 weeks were titrated the dose to 10 mg once daily for additional 6 weeks.The patients were monitored on blood pressure,heart rates,physical symptoms and signs as well as incidence of adverse events at the end of washout and 2,4, 6 and 8 weeks after the therapy.Laboratory examinations and electrocardiogram were performed at base- line and the end of the trial.Results:Of 203 patients who completed the trial,101 were in the capsules group and 102 in tablets group.At the end of 8 weeks,the response rate of the cilnidipine capsules and tablets groups was 78.22% vs.80.39% (P>0.05).At the end of 2,4,6 and 8 weeks,seated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly lowered compared with those at baseline.No significant differences were found in the reduction of blood pressure and the patients' num- ber who needed double dosing at the end of the first 2-week therapy between two groups.The incidence of adverse events experienced by patients between two groups showed no statistical difference.Conclusion: Cilnidipine capsules are effective and safe in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.


For the particular controlled object AUV, a novel controller based on the fuzzy B-Spline neural network is presented, which embodies the merits of qualitative knowledge representation capability of fuzzy logic, quantitative learning ability of neural networks, as well as the excellent local controlling ability of B-Spline basis functions. However, to overcome the inherent deficiencies in the fuzzy neural network, including the structure hardly to be fixed, slow-speed training with the tendency to be involved in local convergence, and the quality of training results dependent upon the initial conditions of the network as well, some optimizing efforts are carried out in this investigation. The improved dual ant algorithm is employed for offline optimization, which can efficiently avoid the phenomenon of precocity and stagnation during the evolution. Meanwhile, the expert experience is introduced to simplify the number of optimizing parameters, and then the controller is further improved with the hybrid training by adopting the BP algorithm proceeding online adjustment. The simulation of the AUV motion control demonstrates the feasibility and validity of the present method.


This paper tries to shed some light on the financial and economic details of an evaluation of re-newable energy projects. Different approaches of evaluation criteria, exceeding a mere accounting exercise, will be discussed, based on a German off-shore wind project (and a short addition of a similar project in China). How can an appropriate discount rate be found, which is of crucial significance for the assessment of such long-term projects? What are differences between financial and economic evaluation and how can subsidies be isolated from sustainable income? How can we evaluate externalities, in particular the value of greenhouse gas savings, but also the achievement of learning curve improvements? Even though for many of these questions a definite solution cannot be found yet, estimations for such effects are identified and it is pointed out, how the present level of subsidies compares with the estimated outcomes of such a project. The paper constructs also a framework to further evaluations of renewable energy projects.


Plants have been the basis of many traditional medicines throught the world for thousands of years and continue to provide new remedies to mankind. Plant is one of the richest source of bioactive compound. Holarrhena antidysenterica is a twining shrub belong to family, Apocynaceae its commonly known as kurchi in Hindi and 'Conessi' or 'Tellicherry bark' in English is a rasayan herb used in Indian system of medicine. The connessi tree is popular for its numerous medicinal properties and the seeds and bark of this tree have long been used in Ayurveda. The plant has been employed for long time in folklore therapy. Bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica is used in Ayurveda as an anti-microbial, anti inflammatory and analgesic (Jones, 1996, Cowan 1999, Krishnaraju et al., 2005). 'Kurchi' bark is an important traditional drug used in various ailments. The drug is astringent, anthelmintic, stomachic, antipyretic, tonic and is generally administered as an extract or decoction in amoebic dysentery and diarrhea. Bark is given either alone or with other astringent drugs in piles, colic, dyspepsia, chest infections and diuretics; also reported to be useful in skin diseases and spleen disorder. In this study aqueous extracts of the bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening which showed the presence of saponins, carbohydrates. Aqueous extracts of this tested plant contain medicinally important bioactive compound and it justified their use in the traditional medicines for the treatment of different disease. The main aim of the preposed study is to investigate the phytochemical screening of medicinal plant.


Canadian national data on psychiatric illness are combined with results from outcome studies to derive figures for the incidence, expectancy, prevalence, prevalence of marked disability, use of institutions and loss of the work force as a result of schizophrenia and affective psychoses. It is hoped that this can be of assistance in planning services and that it will stimulate more direct research into the nature and the scope of the social, psychiatric and economic impact of these illnesses.


The present invention relates to a low-salt sweet pumpkin hot pepper paste sauce for diets for high blood pressure patients and a making method thereof. By providing a low-salt sweet pumpkin hot pepper paste sauce for diets for high blood pressure patients having a low sodium content and a high vitamin content compared to the existing hot pepper paste in the market using sweet pumpkins and mixed grains, it is possible to contribute promoting the national health. Furthermore, by providing a simpler method of making hot pepper paste than the traditional method of making hot pepper paste, the present invention enables households and food service facilities to easily make hot pepper paste.


We study security of mobile code at a linguistic level. In particular, we tackle the problem of designing expressive and efficient models for access control, as well as improving the performance of existing mechanisms. Static analysis is the main technical tool we use in order to enforce and optimise the security of programs. We begin our study with stack inspection, the access control model adopted by Java and C. We propose a data flow analysis which safely approximates the access rights granted to code at run-time. This provides us with the basis for program transformations that reduce the run-time overhead of stack inspection. These optimizations also include interprocedural program transformations like method inlining. One novel feature of our static analysis is that it is parametric with respect to the security policy in force, so it needs not to be recomputed when the access rights are dynamically updated. Our static analysis allows for transformations that work also in the presence of dynamic linking. Stack inspection has some drawbacks, the most important being the fact that the call stack is only an approximation of the security-relevant activities carried out in a program execution. To cope with these limitations, we then study history-based access control. To do that, we extend the λ-calculus with novel constructs to express and enforce local security policies. These are safety and liveness properties of the execution history, and their scope, possibly nested, can be localized in time. We also consider a construct for invoking code in a secure manner, by requesting the safety and liveness properties it must respect during execution. We define a type and effect system that extracts from a program a history expression, i.e. a correct approximation to the set of histories obtainable at run-time. Validity of history expressions is non-regular, because the scope of policies can be nested. Nevertheless, we transform history expressions so to make verification possible through standard model checking techniques. A program will never fail at run-time if its history expression is checked valid at compile-time.


Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor use is presumed to be contraindicated in patients with aortic stenosis (AS). We determined the hemodynamic effects of ACE inhibitors in patients with mild to moderate aortic stenosis (AS) and preserved left ventricular function. Methods Thirteen elderly patients (mean [SD] age = 65 [17] years), with mild to moderate AS (aortic jet velocity 2.5-4.0 m/s), normal left ventricular and renal function, and no clinical coronary artery disease, were enrolled in a single-center, open-label trial comparing the hemodynamic effects at baseline and following titration of ramipril to a maximum dose of 7.5 mg twice daily. Patients were identified from echocardiography laboratory logs. Despite a presumed contraindication to ACE inhibitor use in AS patients, 30% (71 of 235) of patients otherwise meeting inclusion or exclusion criteria were excluded owing to current ACE inhibitor use. Patients were monitored with weekly clinic visits, biweekly laboratory tests, and monthly echocardiograms. Results There were no significant changes from baseline to week 8 in echocardiographic parameters, including mean (SD) aortic jet velocity [2.9 (0.4) vs 2.9 (0.4) m/s], calculated aortic transvalvular gradient [18 (6) vs 18 (6) mm Hg], or cardiac output [5.5 (1.2) vs 6.0 (2.1) L/min], or significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate. Early discontinuations were for asymptomatic low blood pressure (one patient) or a reversible creatinine increase of 0.3 mg/dL (one patient). Conclusions Short-term treatment with up to 7.5 mg twice daily of ramipril was well tolerated in patients with mild to moderate AS and preserved left ventricular function. A surprisingly high proportion of patients with documented AS were already receiving ACE inhibitors.


Dedicated experiments have been developed at ONERA to characterize the charging and relaxation behavior of irradiated space polymers. Postirradiation analyses have been performed through potential kelvin probe and leakage or displacement current measurements. We have been able to demonstrate that polymers are submitted, after irradiation, to electron emission from their surface during the relaxation phase. This electron emission presents very low kinetics and can be intense enough to contribute at significant level to the surface potential drop of these materials. A parametric study has been performed to confirm electron relaxation emission and get a better understanding of the underlying steering mechanisms. This emission process is strongly dependent on the energy of the incident electrons used during irradiation and nature of the irradiated material. We present here the experimental results on electron emission from Kapton and Teflon and discuss the different physical mechanisms that could account for this process. The influence of charge double layer and injected radiation dose could especially explain electron emission from the surface through bulk diffusion and energy release by electron-hole recombination process.


The treatment strategy for epilepsy depends on an accurate diagnosis and precise understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease. The diagnosis of epilepsy itself must be based on the combination of the patient's clinical information(medical history, ictal symptoms and their change), neurological findings, EEG, and imaging study of CT/MRI. In some cases, long‒term video‒EEG monitoring, capable of recording ictal EEG and symptoms simultaneously, is essential to discriminate non‒epileptic seizures. Although the primary care of epilepsy starts with medical treatment, surgical treatment has been expanding its indication for medically intractable epilepsy, along with the development of more precise imaging techniques. Also, to obtain good seizure control after epilepsy surgery, it is essential to identify the epileptogenic area to resect. Since there exist no single modality of non‒invasive pre‒surgical examination up to today, we usually combine multiple modalities for finding clues to the epileptogenic area. In the case that some discrepancies were found among these modalities, and/or that the border between the epileptogenic and functional areas was not clearly identified, invasive EEG with intracranial electrodes is necessary for recording ictal brain activity directly from the cerebral cortex. Pre‒surgical evaluation, commonly evaluated with intracranial subdural electrodes, has practical limitation inside, according to many clinical reports. On the other hand, application of stereotactic electroencephalography(SEEG)with depth electrodes has been reported more frequently in the last several years. In addition to this, the concept of epilepsy, whereby an abnormal intracranial neural network corresponds to the cause of disease, has been proposed and reported. clinical trials based on this concept have been applied for therapeutic intervention to obtain relief of symptoms and good seizure control. (Received August 3, 2017;accepted August 18, 2017)


Abstract Enterprise Resource Planning systems (ERP systems) represent integrated IT systems that have the role of incorporating a series of modules and functions necessary for the development of the organization's activity. The digitalization process took off about ten years ago, when more and more organizations were looking for IT solutions to make their activities more efficient. The need arose as a result of the large volume of information that had to be processed daily and for which the time allocated for solving these tasks was much too large. The current work aims to analyze the digitalization method of the business using integrated ERP systems, based on the bibliometric analysis of the processed information from the specialized literature. The bibliometric analysis is based on a statistical (quantitative) analysis of written publications that address the two key concepts: ERP systems and business digitalization. Bibliometrics aims to "count" the scientific publications or the authors who wrote about the two concepts. The obtained results show that ERP systems can represent a source for digitalizing the processes of a business, integrating the organization's activity in ERP systems with the help of modules that can be implemented. ERP system modules can be implemented for each department, integrating all processed information in a single database common to all departments, access to sensitive information being controlled by each category of users. The digitalization process offers the possibility of the organization to develop sustainably, thus being able to obtain a series of financial advantages as a result of the implementation of a sustainable plan at the level of the organization.


The degenerate Hubbard chain with {ital N} internal degrees of freedom is integrable if site occupations of more than two electrons are excluded. The ground state of the model has several unusual properties; e.g., the magnetic susceptibility has logarithmic singularities as the field {ital H}{r arrow}0 and also the specific-heat coefficient is singular. An extensive discussion of ground-state properties as a function of {ital U} and the band filling is presented. The elemental charge and spin excitations are derived for arbitrary {ital U} and band filling. If, on average, there is exactly one electron per site as a function of {ital U}, a qualitative change in the low-energy charge excitations is found at a critical value {ital U}{sub {ital c}}. This change is probably associated with a Mott metal-insulator transition ({ital U}{sub {ital c}}=0 for {ital N}=2). The Fermi velocity is finite for {ital U}{lt}{ital U}{sub {ital c}} but vanishes for {ital U}{gt}{ital U}{sub {ital c}} (for one electron per site). The spin-wave velocity is inversely proportional to the magnetic susceptibility for all {ital U} and band fillings. There are {ital N}{minus}1 elemental spin-wave branches. For arbitrary band filling there are then {ital N}{minus}1 soft modes at different finite momenta,more » all related to the Fermi surface. For exactly one electron per site, the spin-excitation spectrum can be mapped onto the one of the SU({ital N}) Heisenberg chain. The implications of the hole states on superconductivity are also discussed.« less


NEW compounds representing interesting modifications of the structure of cortisone, hydrocortisone and desoyxcorticosterone have appeared within recent years. Some of these compounds exhibit physiological properties and potencies which are lacking in the parent steroids. Thus halogenation at the 9 alpha position of hydrocortisone markedly enhances both gluco- and mineralocorticoid activity of this steroid (1). Dehydrogenation of hydrocortisone at positions C-l and C-2 definitely exaggerates the glucocorticoid function, but the sodium retaining activity, as shown by tests on rats (2, 3), and clinical studies on patients (4, 5, 6, 7), appears to be considerably diminished. When, however, chemical modifications such as halogenation at the 9 alpha position and dehydrogenation at C-l and C-2 are both present in the same molecule, the biological activity of the cortisones is greatly altered with respect to both gluco- and mineralocorticoid activity (8, 9). The present investigation is concerned with the effect ...


mineral fee owner, entitled to negotiate for and execute oil and gas leases. In other acreage, the state may own a royalty interest without executory rights, but with the right to share in a portion of the bonuses and royalties under leases executed by the surface owner. In order to administer the development and production of oil and gas from state-owned properties, and to ensure that the interests of the state are


Coccidiosis in poultry is caused by protozoan parasites of the Eimeria species, which is responsible for worldwide economic losses. The aim of this study was to evaluated the therapeutic effect of NeemAzal® on Eimeria tenellain broiler Chickens as compared to Amprolium as a standard anticoccidial drug. A total of One Hundred and Sixty (160) broiler chicks were purchased, acclimatized and randomly divided into 4 groups (G1, G2, G3 & G4). G1 non-infected, non-treated (negative control), (G2) infected with 20000 E. tenella oocysts (positive control), (G3) infected and treated with Amprolium (Standard, 7 mg/kg b.w. for 5 days) and (G4) infected and treated with NeemAzal®200 mg/kg b.w. for 5 days). Evaluation was by clinical signs, performance data (weight gain, oocyst shed/gram faeces (OPG) and histopathology of the Caecum, Liver and Kidney. The data showed that birds infected with E. tenellahad an output of 1.3×105±3,333 oocysts per gram faeces on day 5 post inoculation. This output is significantly decreased to 0.37×105±3,111 oocysts in neem-treated birds. Infection with E. tenellainduced marked histopathological alterations in the caecum in the form of inflammation, vacuolation of the epithelium, and destruction of some villi. NeemAzal® decrease body weight loss of infected chickens. Moreover, the number of goblet cells stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) within the infected villi was significantly lowered (P≤0.05). The results revealed that chicks of G1 had the best performance data compared to G2, G3& G4. In G3 & G4 there were a remarkable improvement in the data on performance, clinical signs, gross and microscopically caecal lesions compared to G2. Amprolium (G3) was shown to be superior to NeemAzal® (G4) compared to G2. NeemAzal® could be a good alternative for use as a coccidiostat to supplement the expensive anti-coccidiostats in the market.


Conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic agents (csDMARDS) have a significant role in the management of multiple rheumatological disorders. Several clinical practice guidelines (CPG) exist to guide practitioners in the appropriate frequency and type of laboratory monitoring during csDMARD use, however few appraisals of the quality of these guidelines have been performed.The purpose of this study was to summarise the content and appraise the quality of CPGs for laboratory monitoring during csDMARD use.A systematic search of electronic databases, online guideline repositories and the websites of professional societies was conducted to identify CPGs for the frequency and type of laboratory monitoring in csDMARD use. A pair of reviewers screened CPGs using predetermined selection criteria and reported according to the PRISMA-P statement. Recommendations from included CPGs were extracted and compared across guidelines. The list of csDMARDS this study reviewed includes methotrexate, leflunomide, hydroxychloroquine, mycophenolate, sulfasalazine and azathioprine.Figure 1.The review identified 19 sources, resulting in 33 guidelines for laboratory monitoring of conventional synthetic DMARDS (see table 1) Within the 33 guidelines seen there were 10 for methotrexate, 7 for sulfasalazine, 6 for leflunomide, 5 for hydroxychloroquine, 3 for azathioprine and 2 for mycophenolate. There was a notable variation in terms of detail, specifics and monitoring intervals.Table 1.Example of extracted laboratory monitoring guidelines for methotrexate (other csDMARDS not included for purposes of word count)DMARDLiver enzymesFull blood countRenal functionAdditional recommendationSourceMethotrexateBaseline, every 2-4 weeks for first 3 months, then every 8-12 weeks for following 3-6 months, every 12 weeks thereafter. More frequent monitoring in those at risk for complications.Baseline, every 2-4 weeks for first 3 months, every 8-12 weeks for 3-6 months after initiation, every 12 weeks thereafter.Baseline, every 2-4 weeks for first 3 months, every 8-12 weeks for following 3-6 months, every 12 weeks thereafter.American College Rheumatology (ACR)America2008MethotrexateEvery 2 weeks until stable dose for 6 weeks, then monthly for 3 months, every 12 weeks thereafterEvery 2 weeks until stable dose for 6 weeks, then monthly for 3 months, at least every 12 weeks thereafterEvery 2 weeks until stable dose for 6 weeks, then monthly for 3 months, at least every 12 weeks thereafterBritish Society Rheumatology (BSR)2017EnglandIn summary, this review identified several possible recommendations going forward. There is an argument to be made for a more uniform international guideline of laboratory monitoring to be synthesised, as there could be an element of uncertainty for those noting and comparing the variation between recommendations. A role for a more extensive review of the incidence of treatment complications and implications as a result of the laboratory monitoring would be of benefit. This poses an additional role for a cost-effective analysis, as was commented on within the discussion and literature reviews.[1] Abstract not cited or published to date.NIL.None Declared.


After the sensational discovery of the icosahedral quasicrystals, two dimensional quasicrystals with 8,10 and 12 fold rotational symmetries have also been found in various rapidly solidified alloys and experimental evidence will be presented here. Since these rotational symmetries are not compatible with the Bravais space lattices, they were called "noncrystallographic" point group symmetry in the past. However, it is argued that the long-range periodic translation order is only one of the results of the propagation of short-range orientation order and that the Bravais space lattice might not be a prerequisite of a crystal. During rapid solidification short-range orientation order predominates and therefore quasicrystals might occur with rotational symmetries not hitherto encountered.


This study is aimed to discover the diversity of bird species based on the altitude of the area and to discover the impact of vegetation as habitat towards the diversity of bird species in protected forest area in Sirimau Mountain in Soya Village located in Ambon City. The method used to discover the diversity of birds was the IPA-method (Indices Ponctuels d'Abondance) while observing the vegetation used the CSS-method (Continous Strip Sampling) alongside the observation paths. The protected forest consists of three area of different altitudes, namely 300 meters above sea level (masl), 400 masl and 500 masl. The bird species found in the protected forest area in Sirimau Mountain in Soya Village as a whole were 16 species. The forest area at 300 masl was found 14 bird species with diversity index (H') of 2.57, the forest area at 400 masl was found 12 bird species with diversity index (H') of 2.42, while the forest area at 500 masl was found 11 bird species with diversity index (H') of 2.10. There were 8 bird species found in every area of three different altitudes that were dominant such as Perling Ungu (Aplonis motalica), Walet Sapi (Collocalia esculenta), Perkicit Pelangi (Trichoglossus haematodus), Pergam Laut (Ducula bicolor), Sesap Madu Sriganti (Nectarinia jugularis), Srigunting Lencana (Dicrucus bracteatus), Nuri Pipi Merah (Geoffreyus geoffreyi) and Tekukur Biasa (Streptopelia hinensis). Meanwhile, the dominant types of vegetation found in the area were Damar (Agathis sp.), Kayu Merah (Eugenia jambolana) and Meranti (Shorea sp.)


The economic concepts related to pest management in stored products are examined at three levels: on-farm storage, large-scale central stores, and national storage policy. Three models relevant to decision making at these various levels are discussed. including economic threshold models, investment models and risk models. The economic principles of control of storage pests before intake into large central stores versus post-intake control are discussed. The economic implications for pest management of national storage policy decisions. such as size of stock and centralisation, are considered. Finally, the need for information and decision support for managers is discussed, with suggestions on how decIsion support can be implemented.


This investigation aims to analyse problems and growth opportunities caused by various changes in customer behaviour during COVID-19 for the New Zealand supermarket retail industry and the solutions provided to improve customer satisfaction and experience, especially in a panic buying situation. The background of changes in customer behaviour during the pandemic period was analysed and identified key challenges and opportunities faced by the industry. The information and data from this investigation was collected from already published resources. Different solutions and strategies to deal with these key problems were determined based on pricing and product portfolio strategy, the agility and resilience of the supply chain, remote expert service and security system technology, and the development of healthy and sustainable products. Recommendations are included in establishing long-term collaborative relationships with local suppliers, cultivating the digital adaptability of employees, making available organic food to customers, and developing good sustainable practices for the supermarket retail industry.


From an insertional mutagenesis screen, we isolated a novel gene, mto2 (cid:1) , involved in microtubule organization in fission yeast. mto2 (cid:2) strains are viable but exhibit defects in interphase microtubule nucleation and in formation of the postanaphase microtubule array at the end of mitosis. The mto2 (cid:2) defects represent a subset of the defects displayed by cells deleted for mto1 (cid:1) (also known as mod20 (cid:1) and mbo1 (cid:1) ), a centrosomin-related protein required to recruit the (cid:3) -tubulin complex to cytoplasmic microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs). We show that mto2p colocalizes with mto1p at MTOCs throughout the cell cycle and that mto1p and mto2p coimmunoprecipitate from cytoplasmic extracts. In vitro studies suggest that mto2p binds directly to mto1p. In mto2 (cid:2) mutants, although some aspects of mto1p localization are perturbed, mto1p can still localize to spindle pole bodies and the cell division site and to "satellite" particles on interphase microtubules. In mto1 (cid:2) mutants, localization of mto2p to all of these MTOCs is strongly reduced or absent. We also find that in mto2 (cid:2) mutants, cytoplasmic forms of the (cid:3) -tubulin complex are mislocalized, and the (cid:3) -tubulin complex no longer coimmunoprecipitates with mto1p from cell extracts. These experiments establish mto2p as a major regulator of mto1p-mediated microtubule nucleation by the (cid:3) -tubulin complex.


This article explores the development of methodologies for human rights and right to health-specific impact assessment (RTHIA) of trade-related intellectual property rights. These methodologies seek to respond to the restrictive impact of international and bilateral trade rules on domestic and global policy options to ensure access to affordable medicines in low and middle-income countries. RTHIA methodologies are emerging from human rights impact assessments, themselves an offshoot from the broader field of social and health impact assessment. A right to health specific impact assessment allows policy makers to prospectively predict the impact of intellectual property rights on domestic medicines policy, and ergo on the realization of legal duties under the international human right to the highest attainable standard of health. The effective implementation of such an assessment provides an evidence base for broadening policy space in these countries towards improving access to generic and affordable patented medicines. Yet there has been little consensus to date on key questions of principle, methodology and implementation. We overview current literature and practice in this regard in order to assess the current state of the field and the prospects for wider-scale implementation. We first assess the growing international focus on the impact of trade-related intellectual property rights on access to medicines. We then explore the emergence of impact assessments in relation to health and human rights. Finally, we analyse the practical, methodological, political and theoretical challenges of RTHIA, and overview developments in practice and scholarship that suggest effective responses to these challenges.


Most peopleassume that investment can provide a profitable output if someone does it right. However, there arestill many in dividuals who do not really understand the meaning of their own investment and they fall from adversity. This happens due to a lack of insight into investing in the capital marketand the lack of public knowledge aboutgenerating profitable profits in thecapital market. This study aims to determine the effect of Financial Literacy and Heuristic Behavior on Perception Risk which has an impact on Generation Z's Investment Decisions during the pandemic. The research sample was 330 respondents of Generation Z in the JABODETABEKarea and aged 18 - 24 years. This study uses survey methods and data collection in the form of a questionnaire by google form. The data was processed using WarpPLS version 7.0 software. The result of this study is that there is an influence of Financial Literacy and Heuristic Behavior on Perception Risk which has an impacton Generation Z's Investment Decisions during the pandemic.


Background: Use of biodegradable natural materials as pharmaceutical excipients is increasing. In this study, Naproxen loaded microbeads were produced, using natural gums obtained from Cedrela odorata and Irvingia gabonensisObjective: Aim is to evaluate physicochemical properties of the gums and determining release properties of the formulations.Materials and Methods: Cedrela gum (CG) and Irvingia gum (IG) were extracted from Cedrela odorata and Irvingia gabonensis respectively, and characterized by viscosity, density and pH measurements. Naproxen microbeads were formulated (Formulation A2 to A9) with the gums and sodium alginate using ionotropic gelation method. Cross linkers (CaCl2 or Al2[SO4]3) were used at different curing times. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photomicrographs, entrapment efficiency and release profiles of the formulations were determined.Results: Physicochemical property tests showed that the gums possess good flow, viscosity and they presented with acidic pH. There was no interaction between FT-IR spectra of the gums and naproxen. SEM revealed microbeads to be almost spherical, having slightly rough surfaces. Microbeads from Formulation A6 had the largest particle size (1500±163.2 μm) while Formulation A9 possessed the smallest particle size A9 (491.6±191.7 μm). All the formulations gave high entrapment efficiency (80 – 96%); microbeads containing IG (Batch A6 – A9) had higher values than those formulated with CG gum (Batch A2 – A5) (p > 0.05). Batch A6 (containing IG with CaCl2 at curing time of 15 minutes) gave the highest drug release (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Gums obtained from Cedrela odorata and Irvingia gabonensis possessed good physicochemical properties and produced microbeads suitable for the controlled release of Naproxen. Formulations containing Irvingia gum showed higher drug release and better entrapment.


There is enormous and unabated interest in Smith's thought partly because he remains—rightly or wrongly—the most important touchstone for the liberal, free-market project. But it is also because his work is so rich and therefore capable of bearing multiple interpretations. In fact, Smith studies is a surprisingly large and competitive field, with its own journal: in 2003 the quantity of secondary literature on Smith could be realistically described as "enough to sink a small boat" (Margaret Schabas, "Adam Smith's Debts to Nature," in Oeconomies in the Age of Newton, ed. De Marchi and Schabas [Duke University Press, 2003], 1) and today it is even larger. Here are three new books to add to that growing literature; all are important additions.


Thank you for reading nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus the key to preventing staphylococcal disease. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their favorite novels like this nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus the key to preventing staphylococcal disease, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer.


The paper investigates the performance and emission characteristics of CI engine fuelled with methyl ester of waste vegetable oil blended diesel fuel with DEE as additives. In this investigation, waste sunflower oil after transesterification with methanol is obtained as biodiesel methyl ester. The biodiesel methyl ester prepared from transesterification process was blended in 3 different compositions B10, B20 and B30 with diesel. The additive diethyl ether(DEE) was also added to each of the blended mixtures in concentration of 5ml and 10ml and its properties were studied The experiment was conducted on the single cylinder four stroke water cooled naturally aspirated diesel engine coupled with eddy current dynamometer at constant speed of 1500rpm by varying the load. The performance characteristics infer that the B20(5DEE) was found as most optimum fuel as compared to all the other blends as it was found with least value of Brake Specific fuel Consumption (BSFC) and the highest value of the Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE). Considering emission characteristics, B30(5DEE) was the most optimum fuel as it was found with the lowest emissions of NOx, CO and HC. Also, exhaust gas temperature for B30(5DEE) was least which shows better energy generation in the power stroke.


The influence of blood transfusion, and particularly the transfusion of blood from cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐seropositive donors, on the incidence of primary CMV infection following liver transplantation was studied prospectively in 29 consecutive CMV‐seronegative adult liver transplant recipients. Fourteen patients received a liver graft from a CMV‐ seropositive donor (Group A), whereas for 15 patients, the donor was CMV seronegative (Group B). Eleven patients (79%) in Group A but only two (13%) in Group B developed CMV infection (odds ratio, 23.8; 95% confidence interval, 3.5–169.4). In five Group A patients, primary CMV infection resulted in pneumonitis. There was no statistical difference in the total number of blood units and the number of units of CMV‐ seropositive blood given to patients who did or did not develop CMV infection in both Groups A and B (odds ratio for unit of CMV‐ seropositive blood transfused, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 0.96‐ 1.19). However, Group A patients who developed CMV pneumonitis received a higher total number of blood units (median, 44) and of CMV‐ seropositive blood units (median, 18) than did patients who developed other CMV infections (asymptomatic CMV, CMV syndrome, or CMV hepatitis), who received a median of 9 total units of blood and 5 units of CMV‐seropositive blood (p = 0.004). It is concluded that the total number of blood units and of CMV‐seropositive blood units transfused does not have an effect on the incidence of primary CMV infection after liver transplantation, but it does have an impact on the severity of the infection in recipients of a CMV‐seropositive allograft.


CONCLUSIONS: Based on its biomolecular mechanism of action, VPA appears to be a prom - ising initial treatment before initiating the standard treatment in patients with NHL to overcome resistance.


Abstract According to theoretical considerations, multiplicity of hierarchical stellar systems can reach, depending on masses and orbital parameters, several hundred, while observational data confirm the existence of at most septuple (seven-component) systems. In this study, we cross-match the stellar systems of very high multiplicity (six and more components) in modern catalogues of visual double and multiple stars to find among them the candidates to hierarchical systems. After cross-matching the catalogues of closer binaries (eclipsing, spectroscopic, etc.), some of their components were found to be binary/multiple themselves, what increases the system's degree of multiplicity. Optical pairs, known from literature or filtered by the authors, were flagged and excluded from the statistics. We compiled a list of hierarchical systems with potentially very high multiplicity that contains ten objects. Their multiplicity does not exceed 12, and we discuss a number of ways to explain the lack of extremely high multiplicity systems.


Optical character recognition is the solution to convert text from printed or scanned documents into editable data. This project is aimed at building a Optical character recognition system that recognizes digital text. A document is first detected using contour-based detection technique without altering the angle of the image and is segmented into lines, once the lines are segmented the words embedded in them are extracted. This segmentation is done using projection profiling method. Characters are then segmented words with vertical projection profiling from the extracted words. These characters are fed into an image recognition model for recognition. The recognition model is CNN based deep learning model. Modified VGG16 architecture is used here to extract maximum features from the images and then classify them. To train the model a dataset is created from a repository of digital character dataset. The dataset consists of images of 153 font variants.


This work has been partially supported by the spanish grant
FIS2008-06078-C03-02. I.A. and L.P. have been partly supported by NSF grants PHY-
0071044 and PHY-0503366 and by a UWM RGI grant. G.O. thanks MICINN for a
JdC contract and the "Jose Castillejo" program for funding a stay at the University of
Wisconsin-Milwaukee. We thank D. Lyth for interesting correspondence. We also thank R.
Durrer, G. Marozzi, and M. Rinaldi for a private communication about their views on our
results in [7].


Summary Purpose: Leiomyoma of the renal pelvis is an extremely rare benign tumor. Herein, we report a case of leiomyoma arising from the right renal pelvis. To our knowledge this is the eighth case, reported in the world literature. Case Report: A 38-year-old woman. Presented with right lumbar pain. An excretory urogram revealed a filling defect in the right renal pelvis. The patient had undergone a right nephroureterectomy with preoperative diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma and the pathological examination revealed renal pelvis leiomyoma. Results: Although its rarity and difficulty in correct preoperative diagnosis, leiomyoma of the renal pelvis should be included in the list of differential diagnosis of renal pelvis pathologies.


The present article discusses some problems of the transition of the domestic enterprises to the reporting formation in accordance with the International Standards of the Financial Reporting, conditioned by the availability of some specific differences between the International Standards of the Financial Reporting and the Russian Standards of Accounting Reporting. The article also puts forward some suggestions concerning stage-by-stage implementation of the new standards corresponding to the International Standards of the Financial Reporting for the domestic enterprises based on the updating of the existing methodology of accounting and reporting preparation.


The post 9/11-armed conflict in Afghanistan resulted in the displacement of millions of Afghans and many of these displaced persons entered Pakistan as refugees. Moreover, the involvement of Pakistan in the conflict as an ally to NATO claimed Pakistan an internal armed conflict that displaced waves and waves of internal displacements. Repatriation is considered as a durable solution of the refugee problem. It is the responsibility of the host state to plan for safe and voluntary return of refugees and the UNHCR plays a supportive role in complying with this responsibility. However, the principles of safety, voluntariness and dignity are preserved during repatriation. To comply with the legal framework for refugees regarding repatriation, Pakistan had been struggling a lot in the context of the ongoing armed conflict in both Afghanistan and Pakistan. UNHCR has been helping and assisting the government of Pakistan in planning and executing the safe and voluntary Afghan refugees. This cooperation between the UNHCR and Pakistan has remained effective in achieving the goal of repatriation of Afghan Refugees in the context of ongoing conflicts in both Afghanistan and Pakistan in the context of difficult circumstances  This paper discusses the repatriation of the Afghan refugees from Pakistan, engineered by the UNHCR and Pakistan, under the legal framework applicable for safe and voluntary return of refugees, amid waves of repeated displacements due to the ongoing conflicts in Afghanistan and Pakistan.