Part I: Introductory Material Introduction Introduction Introduction to Control Systems Definitions Historical Background Control System: A Human Being Digital Control Development Mathematical Background Engineering Control Problem Computer Literacy Outline of Text Unmanned Aircraft Vehicles Introduction Twentieth-Century UAV R&D Predator Grim Reaper (US Air Force Fact Sheet MQ-9 Reaper, Posted on January 5, 2012) RQ-4 Global Hawk (US Air Force Fact Sheet RQ-4 Global Hawk, Posted on January 19, 2012) Wind Energy Control Systems Introduction Concurrent Engineering: A Road Map for Systems Design: Energy Example QFT Controller Design CAD Toolbox Frequency Domain Analysis Introduction Steel Mill Ingot Electrocardiographic Monitoring Control Theory: Analysis and Design of Control Systems Part II: Analog Control Systems Writing System Equations Introduction Electric Circuits and Components State Concepts Transfer Function and Block Diagram Mechanical Translation Systems Analogous Circuits Mechanical Rotational Systems Effective Moment of Inertia and Damping of a Gear Train Thermal Systems Hydraulic Linear Actuator Liquid-Level System Rotating Power Amplifiers DC Servomotor AC Servomotor Lagrange's Equation Solution of Differential Equations Introduction Standard Inputs to Control Systems Steady-State Response: Sinusoidal Input Steady-State Response: Polynomial Input Transient Response: Classical Method Definition of Time Constant Example: Second-Order System (Mechanical) Example: Second-Order System (Electrical) Second-Order Transients Time-Response Specifications CAD Accuracy Checks State-Variable Equations Characteristic Values Evaluating the State Transition Matrix Complete Solution of the State Equation Laplace Transform Introduction Definition of the Laplace Transform Derivation of Laplace Transforms of Simple Functions Laplace Transform Theorems CAD Accuracy Checks Application of the Laplace Transform to Differential Equations Inverse Transformation Heaviside Partial-Fraction Expansion Theorems MATLAB(R) Partial-Fraction Example Partial-Fraction Shortcuts Graphical Interpretation of Partial-Fraction Coefficients Frequency Response from the Pole-Zero Diagram Location of Poles and Stability Laplace Transform of the Impulse Function Second-Order System with Impulse Excitation Solution of State Equation Evaluation of the Transfer-Function Matrix MATLAB(R) Script For MIMO Systems System Representation Introduction Block Diagrams Determination of the Overall Transfer Function Standard Block-Diagram Terminology Position-Control System Simulation Diagrams Signal Flow Graphs State Transition Signal Flow Graph Parallel State Diagrams from Transfer Functions Diagonalizing the A Matrix Use of State Transformation for the State-Equation Solution Transforming A Matrix with Complex Eigenvalues Transforming an A Matrix into Companion Form Using MATLAB(R) to Obtain the Companion A Matrix Control-System Characteristics Introduction Routh's Stability Criterion Mathematical and Physical Forms Feedback System Types Analysis of System Types Example: Type 2 System Steady-State Error Coefficients CAD Accuracy Checks: CADAC Use of Steady-State Error Coefficients Nonunity-Feedback System Root Locus Introduction Plotting Roots of a Characteristic Equation Qualitative Analysis of the Root Locus Procedure Outline Open-Loop Transfer Function Poles of the Control Ratio C(s)/R(s) Application of the Magnitude and Angle Conditions Geometrical Properties (Construction Rules) CAD Accuracy Checks Root Locus Example Example of Section 10.10: MATLAB(R) Root Locus Root Locus Example with an RH Plane Zero Performance Characteristics Transport Lag Synthesis Summary of Root-Locus Construction Rules for Negative Feedback Frequency Response Introduction Correlation of the Sinusoidal and Time Response Frequency-Response Curves Bode Plots (Logarithmic Plots) General Frequency-Transfer-Function Relationships Drawing the Bode Plots Example of Drawing a Bode Plot Generation of MATLAB(R) Bode Plots System Type and Gain as Related to Log Magnitude Curves CAD Accuracy Check Experimental Determination of Transfer Function Direct Polar Plots Summary: Direct Polar Plots Nyquist Stability Criterion Examples of the Nyquist Criterion Using Direct Polar Plots Nyquist Stability Criterion Applied to a System Having Dead Time Definitions of Phase Margin and Gain Margin and Their Relation to Stability Stability Characteristics of the Log Magnitude and Phase Diagram Stability from the Nichols Plot (Log Magnitude-Angle Diagram) Closed-Loop Tracking Performance Based on Frequency Response Introduction Direct Polar Plot Determination of Mm and omegam for a Simple Second-Order System Correlation of Sinusoidal and Time Responses Constant M(omega) and alpha(omega) Contours of C(Jomega)/R(Jomega) on the Complex Plane (Direct Plot) Constant 1/M and alpha Contours (Unity Feedback) in the Inverse Polar Plane Gain Adjustment of a Unity-Feedback System for a Desired Mm: Direct Polar Plot Constant M and alpha Curves on the Log Magnitude-Angle Diagram (Nichols Chart) Generation of MATLAB(R) Bode and Nyquist Plots Adjustment of Gain by Use of the Log Magnitude-Angle Diagram (Nichols Chart) Correlation of the Pole-Zero Diagram with Frequency and Time Responses Part III: Compensation: Analog Systems Root-Locus Compensation: Design Introduction to Design Transient Response: Dominant Complex Poles Additional Significant Poles Root-Locus Design Considerations Reshaping the Root Locus CAD Accuracy Checks Ideal Integral Cascade Compensation (PI Controller) Cascade Lag Compensation Design Using Passive Elements System Ideal Derivative Cascade Compensation (PD Controller) Lead Compensation Design Using Passive Elements General Lead-Compensator Design Lag-Lead Cascade Compensation Design System Comparison of Cascade Compensators PID Controller Introduction to Feedback Compensation Feedback Compensation: Design Procedures Simplified Rate Feedback Compensation: A Design Approach Design of Rate Feedback Design: Feedback of Second Derivative of Output Results of Feedback-Compensation Design Rate Feedback: Plants with Dominant Complex Poles Frequency-Response Compensation Design Introduction to Feedback Compensation Design Selection of a Cascade Compensator Cascade Lag Compensator Design Example: Cascade Lag Compensation Cascade Lead Compensator Design Example: Cascade Lead Compensation Cascade Lag-Lead Compensator Design Example: Cascade Lag-Lead Compensation Feedback Compensation Design Using Log Plots Design Example: Feedback Compensation (Log Plots) Application Guidelines: Basic Minor-Loop Feedback Compensators Part IV: Advanced Topics Control-Ratio Modeling Introduction Modeling a Desired Tracking Control Ratio Guillemin - Truxal Design Procedure Introduction to Disturbance Rejection Second-Order Disturbance-Rejection Model Disturbance-Rejection Design Principles for SISO Systems Disturbance-Rejection Design Example Disturbance-Rejection Models Design: Closed-Loop Pole-Zero Assignment (State-Variable Feedback) Introduction Controllability and Observability State Feedback for SISO Systems State-Feedback Design for SISO Systems Using the Control Canonical (Phase-Variable) Form State-Variable Feedback (Physical Variables) General Properties of State Feedback (Using Phase Variables) State-Variable Feedback: Steady-State Error Analysis Use of Steady-State Error Coefficients State-Variable Feedback: All-Pole Plant Plants with Complex Poles Compensator Containing a Zero State-Variable Feedback: Pole-Zero Plant Observers Control Systems Containing Observers Parameter Sensitivity and State-Space Trajectories Introduction Sensitivity Sensitivity Analysis Sensitivity Analysis Examples Parameter Sensitivity Examples Inaccessible States State-Space Trajectories Linearization (Jacobian Matrix) Part V: Digital Control Systems Sampled-Data Control Systems Introduction Sampling Ideal Sampling Z Transform Theorems Differentiation Process Synthesis in the z Domain (Direct Method) Inverse Z Transform Zero-Order Hold Limitations Steady-State Error Analysis for Stable Systems Root-Locus Analysis for Sampled-Data Control Systems Digital Control Systems Introduction Complementary Spectra Tustin Transformation: s- to z-Plane Transformation z-Domain to the w- and w'-Domain Transformations Digitization Technique Digitization Design Technique Pseudo-Continuous-Time Control System Design of Digital Control System Direct Compensator PCT Lead Cascade Compensation PCT Lag Compensation PCT Lag-Lead Compensation Feedback Compensation: Tracking Controlling Unwanted Disturbances Extensive Digital Feedback Compensator Example Controller Implementation Appendix A: Table of Laplace Transform Pairs Appendix B: Matrix Linear Algebra Appendix C: Introduction to MATLAB(R) and Simulink(R) Appendix D: Conversion of Units Problems Answers to Selected Problems Index


I am sure every surgeon wishes that the entire problem of ulcerative colitis might be taken from his domain. In the distant past, unfamiliarity with the pathology of this condition was undoubtedly responsible for the very poor results which many surgeons had and certainly this stimulated many investigators to perfect a medical management which would take the place of surgical intervention. In this regard, however, I think the pendulum has swung a little too far. We all remember the time, not so long ago, when pitched battles were fought relative to surgical versus medical treatment of duodenal ulcer. While neither is entirely satisfactory, it is now well recognized that both medicine and surgery have a definite place in the management of ulcer and the indications for each have come to be fairly well established. So it is with ulcerative colitis. The surgeon and the medical man must learn to speak


Extracellular matrix (ECM) fragments serve as surrogate markers of disease activity in COPD. Respiratory infections have been implicated as the predominant risk factor for acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). We aimed to assess if serum levels of collagen and elastin turnover products are associated with the etiology of AECOPD. Pro-forms of collagens III (PRO-C3), V (PRO-C5), VI (PRO-C6), degradation products of collagens I (C1M), III (C3M), IV (C4Ma3), VI (C6M) and neutrophil elastase-generated fragments of elastin (EL-NE) were measured in serum of the PREVENT study, an investigator-initiated and driven, controlled trial, with 450 COPD patients, GOLD II-IV, followed for 3 years. Out of 2833 visits, we included AECOPD visits without infection in the last stable visit (n=102) and categorised them according to etiology; no new infection (n=22); viral infections (n=23); bacterial infections (n=37); viral and bacterial infections (n=20). Multiplex PCR was used to monitor viral infections in laryngopharyngeal swabs and microbiological analysis was performed in sputum samples in all visits. C1M, C3M, C4Ma3, C6M, EL-NE and PRO-C5 levels were significantly higher at AECOPD, as compared to previous stable visits (p These results indicate that systemic biomarkers of collagen and elastin turnover increase at AECOPD irrespectively the etiology of exacerbation.


The present study focuses on the field, petrography and stratigraphic analyses of a thick and sparsely fossiliferous dolomitic limestone succession in the west, north, and northwest of Darbandikhan town from Sulaimaniah governorate. The succession thins toward northwest and east and located in the stratigraphic position of and Khurmala (or Sinjar) Formation (Late Paleocene – Early Eocene) between Kolosh and Gercus formations at the base and top respectively. The Khurmala Formation is a lagoonal crystallized limestone, dolomite with interbeds of different clastic rocks. It also contains an occasional occurrence of gypsum and rare gastropods, miliolids, and algae in some beds. Previous studies found the formation and described in Duhok, Kirkuk and Erbil Governorates while in Sulaimani area it not proved until now. The present article studied four different sections of succession (previously and indicated as Sinjar Formation) and correlated them stratigraphically with each other and with Khurmala Formation in its type section in the well K-114. The study showed that these sections belong to Khurmala Formation. The sections reveal many evidences and signs of the occurrence of Khurmala Formation in between Kolosh and Gercus formations. These signs are the occurrence of 160 m of dolomitic limestone (80%) with beds of sparsely fossiliferous limestone (18%) and conglomeratic limestone (2%) in Zawali section on Shameran Mountain. The fossiliferous intervals contain lagoonal sparse and small miliolids, gastropods, pelecypods green and red algae. The formation laterally changes to Kolosh (in Mirade section) or partly to Sinjar Formation (in Dara Rash section). In the Mirade section, neither Sinjar nor Khurmala Formation is deposited and yellow marly limestone, sandstone and few beds of conglomerate occupy their stratigraphic position.


Tungstenfilamentswerecarburisedby pyrolitical decomposition of methaneandhydrogen over hot filament surface. The carburised filamentswere characterizedby Ramanspectroscopy, X-ray diffraction measuremen ts and scanningelectronmicroscopy. Featureless micro-Ramanspectraconfirma formationof tungstencarbidelayerafter10-minutecarburisation. StrongWC-relatedpeaksin X-ray diffraction spectraareobserved for carburisation temperaturesof 1600 ̊ C andhigher. SEM analysisof filamentsfractureindicatesa creation of WC layeroverW filaments,generation of deepmicrocracksin WC regionandapreferential creationof WCgrainsin thinsurfacelayeroverbulk of carburisedfilamentsin dependence on carburisationtime is observed. Presentedresultsindicatethatsuccessfu l carburisationis practicallyself-stopprocessafter5 hours.


EnglishThroughout the present review, we look for an approach of the Nouvelle Geographie Universelle, authored by the French geographer Elisee Reclus, from the analysis of a translation of the chapters referring to Portugal and Galicia recently published by Iago Bragado and Joseph Ghanime Lopez. This is an opportunity to get acquainted with the vision of this well-known French geographer of the nineteenth century in relation to these two territories of the Iberian Peninsula, as well as a renewed occasion to analyze these chapters in light of some of the most important characteristics common to the entire work of Reclus. portuguesAtraves da presente recensao, procura-se uma abordagem da Nouvelle Geographie Universelle, da autoria do geografo frances Elisee Reclus, a partir da analise de uma traducao dos capitulos referentes a Portugal e a Galiza, recem-publicada por Iago Bragado e Joseph Ghanime Lopez. Trata-se de uma oportunidade para conhecer a visao deste conhecido geografo frances do seculo XIX relativamente a estes dois territorios da Peninsula Iberica, assim como uma ocasiao renovada para analisar estes capitulos a luz de algumas das mais importantes caracteristicas comuns a toda a obra de Reclus.


40 In plants, most disease resistance ( R ) genes encode nucleotide binding leucine-rich-repeat 41 (NLR) proteins that trigger a rapid localized cell death called a hypersensitive response (HR) 42 upon pathogen recognition. The maize NLR protein Rp1-D21 derives from an intragenic 43 recombination between two NLRs, Rp1-D and Rp1-dp2, and confers an autoactive HR in the 44 absence of pathogen infection. From a previous QTL and genome wide association study, we 45 identified a SNP locus highly associated with variation in the severity of Rp1-D21-induced HR. 46 Two maize genes encoding hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT, a key enzyme involved in lignin 47 biosynthesis) homologs, termed HCT1806 and HCT4918, were adjacent to this SNP. Here we 48 show that both HCT1806 and HCT4918 physically interact with and suppress the HR conferred 49 by Rp1-D21 but not by other autoactive NLRs when transiently co-expressed in N. benthamiana . 50 Other maize HCT homologs are unable to confer the same level of suppression on Rp1-D21- 51 induced HR. The metabolic activity of HCT1806 and HCT4918 is unlikely to be necessary for 52 their role in suppressing HR. We show that the lignin pathway is activated by Rp1-D21 at both 53 the transcriptional and metabolic levels. We derive a model to explain the roles of HCT1806 and 54 HCT4918 in Rp1-mediated disease resistance. 55 HCT1806 HCT4918 HCT7251 cloned into DEST- nEYFP by LR reactions. Agrobacteria carrying constructs from EYFP-split were mixed, and each construct was diluted to a final concentration of OD 600 =0.4 plus p19 with OD 600 =0.2. The GFP fluorescence was excited at 488 nm and observed between and 550 nm under confocal microscope at 30 h after transiently co-expressed of the appropriate EYFP-split into N. benthamiana


Summary. The intent of this study was to explore several segments of divergent intelligence, visual stimulus complexity as a cognitive style, and auditory acuity, that presumably characterise the artistically expressive person. The sample population was comprised of 34 visual artists, 32 musical artists, and a normative group of 30 undergraduate university students. Between-group differences were examined by way of ANOVA, multiple discriminant function analysis, and then by a principal components solution (with varimax rotation). Preference for visual stimulus complexity was upheld as a cognitive style dimension common to both artistic and musical personalities. Substantive evidence was found to confirm the 'divergent auditory figural memory factor' (DFS-A) posited by Guilford in his SI model. As conjectured, visual artists displayed a superior propensity on the triadic divergent abilities subsumed under fluency, flexibility, and originality of thinking, while musical and control subjects were undifferentiated on these cognitive parameters. More importantly, the heightened auditory acuity and aesthetic judgment of visual artists over that of controls, as measured by the pilot auditory discrimination test, indicates the existence of a general intersensory factor among creative artists. Similarly, the musician's sensibility and attraction to complex abstract imagery beyond that of their non-artistic peers further strengthens the notion of possible shared perceptual features by creative individuals across discretesensory modalities. Overall, the selected variables were shown to be reliable predictors for identifying the artistically gifted individual.


The purpose of this paper is to propose a general typology of patients' attitudes and expectations towards the health-care system and medicines consumption. Four types of values expressed by patients are identified via a semiotic analysis of patients' expectations. These value types are labelled functional, existential, critical, and hedonistic. Based on these values we then empirically identify four patient profiles. From a managerial point of view, this research provides a segmentation tool relevant for the health-care sector and enables managers in the health-care industry to identify communication strategies which are adapted to the different types of patients.


(1) Abstract-In this paper we report a theoretically simulated Hg1-xCdxTe based heterojunction medium wavelength infrared (MWIR) photodetector for operation at temperature 78K. The detector is designed to operate at strategic atmospheric window in the MWIR (3.8 pm) region with a high value of detectivity (>10 mHzl12W-1) and quantum emciency (60·/.). The device has been modeled using closed form analytical formula and is also simulated using the device simulation software ATLAS from SILVACO@ international. The device has been theoretically characterized using the above models in respect of energy band diagram, electric field profile, current voltage characteristics, spectral response, quantum efficiency and detectivity. The detector is expected to find application in free space optical communication at 3.8pm.


This paper presents preliminary results from our ongoing research project which explores easy to use and useful facets in accessing consumer health information on the Web. In this pilot study, first, 10 facets were identified by analyzing 10 top ranked health information websites. Then, users' perceptions of easiness and usefulness of each facet in accessing online health information were examined by conducting a survey. The preliminary results revealed that "disease" and "body part" facets are easy to use in accessing online health information, and "disease" and "department" are considered to be effective in accessing online health information.


Debt restructuring of listed companies is easy to cause risk of moral hazard and adverse selection. We choose all non-financial of A-share stocks which actually restructured debt in 2007-2009 as our samples. Through empirical research on financial situation before and after the restructuring and the motivations, we find that debt restructuring will improve corporate governance performance in the short term, while long-term effect is not significant. The main motivations of the reorganization are improving the financial position to reduce the debt burden, smoothing profits to manager earning and to avoid being delisted. In addition, we consider the market reaction of debt restructuring from the perspective of investors. Using the Fama-French three factor model to calculate the excess return rate yielded before and after the announcement, we find that debt restructuring announcement failed to maintain sustained rise in stock prices.


MAPS PREFACE CONTRIBUTORS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS LIST OF NEW ENTRIES COMPLETE LIST OF ENTRIES BY SUBJECT NOTE TO THE READER ALPHABETICAL ENTRIES COMPLETE LIST OF CONTROLLED APPELLATIONS AND THEIR PERMITTED GRAPE VARIETIES VINEYARD AREA, WINE PRODUCTION, AND PER CAPITA WINE CONSUMPTION BY COUNTRY PICTURE CREDITS


Modular construction projects consist of one or more structural units fabricated in a manufacturing plant away from the jobsite. In the construction industry, prefabricated modules are normally completed with rough-in mechanical, electrical, and plumbing components installed. Prior research has proven that modular construction projects provide many advantages to the built environment, which include reduced workforce, reduced production of onsite Green House Gas (GHG) emissions, reduced construction schedules, and increased quality. Extensive demand of pre-project planning and coordination among members of cross-interdisciplinary professionals has been significantly impeded the application of this technique. With the recent development of Building Information Modeling (BIM), these challenges are able to be overcome through the use of BIM technology. Through several case studies performed for this research, this paper details the benefits and challenges of implementing BIM for modular construction projects.


Interest in lightning research is primarily associated with the negative consequences of their direct impact, leading to fires, damage of power lines, failure of sensitive electronics and communication networks, etc. In order to prevent and protect against these consequences the detection of occurrence time and spatial position of thunderstorms, assessment of their danger degree and the direction of further development are very important. Data of lightning discharges distribution, their number and value of the current over the territory is required for lightning protection measures. Research of thunderstorm dynamics is required to understand the nature of thunderstorms. The monthly distributions of discharges were studied. This allowed to trace the trends of thunderstorms development and density of discharges per unit area. Technology of lightning sensing significantly decreases the risks of lightning damage and also takes into account the thunderstorm activity for the purpose of design and placement of buildings and structures. It is aimed at minimizing the serious violations in the power industry, mass accidents and damage to power lines, which, in turn, determines its high economic efficiency.


We propose a method called adaptive multiple feature subset (AMFES), which ranks and selects features at a reasonable computation cost. In the AMFES ranking procedure, we conduct an iterative process. At the initial stage, we compute features' strength (i.e., degree of usefulness) based on various subsets drawn from the pool of all features. We then rank features according to their strength thus derived. At each subsequent stage, we input half of features that were top-ranked from the previous stage. We then re-rank them in the same fashion as we do at the first stage. In the AMFES selection procedure, we conduct a sequential batch search to tremendously reduce the computation cost. Compared with a few other methods, we show by experiments that AMFES achieves higher or comparable test accuracy rates. When achieving comparable rates, AMFES selects a smaller number of features. We argue that the employment of multiple feature subsets can diminish the ill effect of feature correlation, which explains the advantage of AMFES over other methods on the experimental data sets.


The invention relates to a white opaque film having a thickness in the range of 10 to 500 mum, which contains, as principal constituent, a crystallizable thermoplastic. The film comprises at least barium sulfate and at least one optical brightener, and the barium sulfate and / or the optical brightener have been incorporated directly into the crystallizable thermoplastic or are metered in as a masterbatch during film production. At least one surface of the film bears a functional coating with a thickness in the range of 5 to 100 nm to the film surface with additional functionality such as sealability, printability, metallization, sterilization, anti-static, aroma barrier or to improve adhesion to materials without the coating not on the film surface adhere would such. to give as photographic emulsions.


The purpose of this study is investigate influence of leadership and organization commitment to teacher perfomance with job satisfaction as moderating at The Government Vocational High School 4 at Klaten. The Hypothesis which have been formulated in this research is: there is influence of leadership and organization commitment to teacher perfomance with job satisfaction as moderating at The Government Vocational High School 4 at Klaten The research is a survey to the teacher of The Government Vocational High School 4 at Klaten. Data of this researh is primary. Data have been collected with quesionary was processed with, assumption of regression test, the moderated regression analysis, t test, F test and test of R2 The t test have been done in this research show that leadership and organization commitment have influence to teacher perfomance with job satisfaction as moderating at The Government Vocational High School 4 at Klaten as partial. The F test have been done show that the leadership and organization commitment have influence to teacher perfomance with job satisfaction as moderating at The Government Vocational High School 4 at Klaten as simultance.

Keyword: leadership,organization commitment,perfomance, job satisfaction


I juxtapose a story of Aboriginal landowners demonstrating their firing strategies with a story of environmental scientists elaborating their regimes of burning. The firings are profoundly different, and maintaining those differences is crucial for both Aborigines and scientists. Yet it is also important for both these groups to develop links between the forms of firing. I argue for understanding both firing regimes as expressions of collective memory which embed evaluative witness. This sameness enables modest yet sufficient connection. Acknowledging this translating form of 'sameness' would have scientists and Aborigines engaging an alternative form of generalizing, promoting a transformative moment in both knowledge traditions. This alternative form of generalizing embeds a politics different from the politics embedded in orthodox scientific and Yolngu forms of generalizing. I claim the tension made in articulating these alternative forms of generalizing as a 'postcolonial moment'.


Thedistribution, cell tropism, andcytopathology invivoofhumanimmunodeficiency virus(HIV)was investigated inpostmortem tissue samples froma series ofHIV-infected individuals whodiedeither of complications associated withAIDSorforunrelated reasons while they wereasymptomatic. Proviral sequences weredetected atahighcopynumberinlymphoid tissue ofbothpresymptomatic patients andpatients with AIDS,whereas significant infection ofnonlymphoid tissue suchasthatfrombrains, spinal cords, andlungs wasconfined tothose withAIDS.V3loopsequences frombothgroups showedhighly restricted sequence variability andalowoverall positive charge oftheencoded aminoacidsequence compared withthose of standard laboratory isolates ofHIVtype1(HIV-1). Thelowcharge andtherestriction insequence variability werecomparable tothose observed withisolates showing anon-syncytium-inducing (NSI)andmacrophagetropic phenotype invitro. Allpatients wereeither exclusively infected (six ofseven cases) orpredominantly infected (onecase) withvariants withapredicted NSI/macrophage-tropic phenotype, irrespective ofthedegree ofdisease progression. p24antigen wasdetected byimmunocytochemical staining ofparaffin-fixed sections in thegerminal centers within lymphoid tissue, although little ornoantigen wasfoundinareasoflymphnode orspleen containing T lymphocytes fromeither presymptomatic patients orpatients withAIDS.The predominant p24antigen-expressing cells inthelungs andbrains ofthepatients withAIDSweremacrophages andmicroglia (inbrains), frequently forming multinucleated giant cells (syncytia) eventhough theV3loop sequences ofthese variants resembled thoseofNSIisolates invitro. Thesestudies indicate thatlackof syncytium-forming ability inestablished T-cell lines doesnotnecessarily predict syncytium-forming


Abstraet. High rates of oak shoot m,dtiplication were achieved on low salt nutrient media (BTM, WPM) supplemented with adenine type cytokinin PBA or BAP. Low concentration of PBA (0.2--0.6 mg 1-1) stimulated formation of a large number of axillary shoots and their elong&tion. Thidiazuron in very low concentration (0.001- 0.002 mg 1-1) promoted shoot proliferation, in high concentration stimulated formation of large callus. More than twelve thousand micropropagated shoots were rooted in low salt agar media supplemented with low concentration of auxin (IBA or NAA 0.2--0.5 mg 1~1). High rooting percentages (81%) were obtained. Survivs1 of the micropropagated plantlets transplanted into soil was high (78 ~/o). Micropropagated trees planted in the field withstood severe winter frostu without significant losses. At the end of the fifth growing season trees attained considerable sizo. A rapid vegetative propagation of selected trees of Quercus robur is very desirable for the acceleration of the tree improvement programs. In past years we have paid considerable attention to a rapid in vitro propagation of oak. We have succeeded in multiplication of oak shoots using nodal segments and shoot tips as initial explants (CHAL~PA 1979). In order to improve shoot multiplication rate new low salt nutrient media were developed (C~ALVPA 1981) which stimulated rapid growth and proliferation of axillary shoots. Our further experiments showed that various low salt media are suitable for promoting rapid shoot proliferation and rooting of Quercus robur (C~ALVPA 1983, 1984). Our first in vitro propagated trees of Quercus robur were planted in the field in 1980 and from that time micropropagated trees of Quercus rebut have been produced every year and planted in the field. For further improvement of oak shoot proliferation we have tested some new compounds which show a high cytokinin activity. The present communication describes the effects of different cytokinins on in vitro shoot multiplication of Quercus robur and the field growth of in vitro propagated trees.


We study the problems of the linear mean-square filtration of non-stationary random processes with unknown correlation functions. We consider the filtering problem for the general basic model and the case of building the linear meansquare estimation with the special type of the estimation. We investigate case when unknown correlation functions belong to certain special sets too. We offered algorithms for building optimal linear mean-square estimation for these cases.


The objective of this study was to build the capacity to observe and reflect on the way in which projects are carried out by the administration of the city of Manaus as they pertain to the community of Sao Joao Lago do Tupe, in the Tupe Sustainable Development Reserve (REDES), and how they influence positively or negatively family business endeavors, as well as how they influence commerce and tourism. In October of (2005) field work was conducted in the community of Sao Joao Lago do Tupe which included a survey soliciting responses of local residents on socio-demographic, economic, and tourism aspects. 43,33% of interviewed described trash and pollution consequences of tourism.


The Electroweak (EW) Theory is one of the most important and well-known pillars of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. Possible signs of New Physics could appear in the EW sector, therefore requiring the SM to be extended. EW physics can be probed at the LHCb experiment, which is a general purpose forward detector that offers unique opportunities to do studies in the forward region. Its excellent vertex and track reconstruction system allows to perform several measurements of perturbative QCD physics in a region unexplored by other experiments. In this paper the latest EW physics analyses performed at LHCb studying pp collisions during Run 1 and Run 2 are presented.


Key Points C6−/− mice develop less severe polymicrobial sepsis with lower mortality than Wt. C6−/− mice phagocytes have defective innate immune responses and NLRP3 activation. Septic cardiomyopathy and acute lung injury is less severe in C6−/− versus Wt mice. Over the first days of polymicrobial sepsis, there is robust activation of the innate immune system, causing the appearance of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, along with the appearance of extracellular histones, which are highly proinflammatory and prothrombotic. In the current study, we studied different innate immune responses in mice with knockout (KO) of complement protein 6 (C6). Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) from these KO mice had defective innate immune responses, including defective expression of surface adhesion molecules, generation of superoxide anion, and appearance of reactive oxygen species and histone release after activation of PMNs, along with defective phagocytosis. In addition, in C6−/− mice, the NLRP3 inflammasome was defective both in PMNs and in macrophages. When these KO mice were subjected to polymicrobial sepsis, their survival was improved, associated with reduced levels in the plasma of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and lower levels of histones in plasma. In addition, sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction was attenuated in these KO mice. In a model of acute lung injury induced by LPS, C6−/− mice showed reduced PMN buildup and less lung epithelial/endothelial cell dysfunction (edema and hemorrhage). These data indicate that C6−/− mice have reduced innate immune responses that result in less organ injury and improved survival after polymicrobial sepsis.


Currently, more than half of the drugs in clinical use are chiral compounds. In many instances the enantiomers of chiral drugs demonstrate pronounced differences in biological activity, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism. Administration of racemic U‐50,488, a highly selective chiral κ‐opioid receptor agonist, produces a marked sodium and potassium sparing diuresis (i.e. aquaresis), dysphoria, and analgesia in conscious rats. Though U‐50,488 enantiomers have been the subject of various behavioral and analgesic studies, there is a distinct lack of data pertaining to isomers and kappa induced aquaresis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to pharmacologically characterize the renal excretory effects produced by the isolated (−)‐(1S,2S)‐U‐50,488 versus (+)‐(1R,2R)‐U50,488 enantiomers. Methods Male Sprague‐Dawley rats with an indwelling intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannula were surgically implanted with an arterial, venous, and bladder catheter and continuously infused intravenously (i.v.) with iso‐saline. After stabilization, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and urine flow rate (V) were measured in conscious rats for 20‐min before (control) and 90‐min after (experimental) ICV bolus injection (1 ug) of (−)‐(1S,2S)‐U‐50,488, (+)‐(1R,2R)‐U50,488, racemic (+/−)‐U‐50,488, or vehicle (n=6/group). Urine samples were analyzed for urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) and urinary potassium excretion (UKV). Results ICV injection of racemic U‐50,488 (1 ug) produced a significant diuretic (control (C), 56±6, 30‐min, 152±7 ul/min), antinatriuretic (C, 8.7±2.2, 30 min, 3.7±2 ueq/min), and antikaluretic (C, 1.1±0.5; 0.4±0.4 ueq/min) response. At the same dose, both the (−)‐(1S,2S)‐U‐50,488 and (+)‐(1R,2R)‐U50,488 isomers produced a significant sodium and potassium sparing diuresis without changing MAP or HR. At 1 ug, (−)‐(1S,2S)‐U‐50,488 significantly increased peak urine flow rate (C, 58±6 ul/min; 20 min 196±29 ul/min) and decreased urinary sodium (C, 8.9±2.3 μeq/min; 30 min 3.9±0.8 μeq/min) and potassium (C, 0.8±0.2 μeq/min, 30 min, 0.2±0.1 μeq/min) excretion. In contrast, 1 ug of (+)‐(1R,2R)‐U50,488 increased urine flow rate to a lessor magnitude (C, 57±6 ul/min; 10 min 119±26 ul/min) while decreasing urinary sodium excretion (C, 8.0±0.7 μeq/min, 30 min 4.3±1.5 μeq/min) but not urinary potassium excretion. ICV pretreatment (1ug, 10 min) with the kappa antagonist nor‐BNI abolished the kappa‐mediated diuresis by both enantiomers and racemic U‐50,488.


Polycrystalline Sm0.55Sr0.45MnO3 was prepared by solid-state reaction at 1300 °C. Single phase of the compound was analysed by a powder X-ray diffraction technique. The powder pattern of Sm1−x Sr x MnO3 was indexed and refined using a General Structure Analysis System (GSAS) to an orthorhombic structure with space group Pnma, a = 5.4323(7), b = 7.6585(4), and c = 5.4343(7) Å.


The e.s.r. spectra of radicals formed in the autoxidation of arylhydroquinones show hyperfine splitting from protons attached to the aryl group, showing that the odd electron is delocalised over both rings. Substituents on the phenyl group influence the various proton coupling constants in a way which is related to their electron-donating or electron-withdrawing properties.


Pain is a constant factor on the Neonatal Intensive-care Units (NICU) due to the treatment imposed on newborns in order to assist their survival, which presents consequences to their development. In this environment, the healthcare professionals and the way they deal with pain can function as a protection mechanism for the future development of the newborns. The handling of pain depends on factors connected to the professional such as the professional's beliefs concerning the premature, his knowledge about the consequences of pain, his skills to evaluate and treat the newborn, his coping strategies, and it depends on factors related to the organizational culture of the NICU. This study, which focused on preventing risks to child development, aimed to identify, describe and analyze the relations among the social and cultural variables of stress and of coping in the context of the handling of NICU premature' pain by the medical and nursing staff. This was done with the purpose of identifying factors that may facilitate and the ones that may not facilitate the future implementation of a pain relief protocol in the NICU of a public hospital in Serra, ES. To achieve such aims, four stages were done: 1) a questionnaire, which was specially elaborated to identify and analyze the conceptions about premature babies and the evaluation and handling of pain during the performance of 20 invasive routine procedures, was applied to the 84 professionals inside the NICU.2) the identification and analysis of the occupational stress levels through the Brazilian version of the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Scale, and identification and analysis of the coping strategies through the Occupational Coping Scale (ECO), which was adapted to NICU. Both scales were individually applied to 80 healthcare professionals. 3) the identification and analysis of the NICU organizational culture which influences the handling of pain, through the application of the Occupational Diagnosis (DO) and the Organizational Climate Scale for Healthcare Organizations (ECOOS), which was adapted to the NICU, in a subsample to 25 healthcare professionals. Besides that, a specially elaborated interview protocol on aspects of the organizational culture was applied to 15 of the 25 previously mentioned professionals. The data obtained were organized and analyzed through descriptive statistics. Os dados obtidos foram organizados e analisados por estatística descritiva. The results indicated the influence of the organizational factor in healthcare professionals' behavior, in terms of their engagement in adequate and effective newborn care practices. Results also showed the complexity of the NICU work, alerting to the need of analysis of healthcare staff actions in terms of relations within environmental, patient, professional and family members' variables. The identification and analysis of these variables can provide for more effective interventions, which focused on humanized care to be offered to the newborn, when it comes to the treatment of pain.


The new generation of analytical electron microscopes with aberration correction and new EDX detectors provide improved possibilities for microanalysis. Here, we apply a new approach to quantitative EDX based on using partial cross sections. Our quantification method is applied to alloy PtCo nanoparticles, which have been acid leached to provide Pt enrichment or rather Co depletion at the particle surface. Such surface Co depletion is absent at the vertices of the more facetted nanoparticles. The leaching process demonstrates very little change in Co composition when investigating the whole particle but produces a localised surface depletion, which can only be determined by the high-resolution EDX elemental maps.


The purpose of this study is to synthesize the ester system ferroelectric liquid crystals 4-(4-(2- methylbutyloxy carbonyl)phenyl)-4'-alkoxy-biphenyl-4-carboxylates (MBPABCn). In addition to the basic physical of single liquid crystal, such as tilt angle, pitch length, birefringence ((Delta) n), spontaneous polarization (Ps), response time and electro-optics properties, etc., and the physical properties of liquid crystal mixture are studied. The FLC mixture of MBPABC8 and 4-(4-(2-methylbutyloxy carbonyl)phenyl)4'alkoxy benzoate (MOCPAB8) present smectic C* phase with wide temperature range. In addition, the tilt angle and spontaneous polarization increased as increasing the MBPABC composition. The results indicate that further consideration for device applications can be made.


Standard laboratory methods for predicting daylight illumination in buildings involve model testing in large artificial skies. Usually only one sky luminance distribution can be simulated. In the equipment described in this Note, the sky is divided into a large number of zones, and the daylight coefficients are measured. The illuminance beneath any sky luminance distribution can then be found by multiplying the coefficients by the appropriate sky luminance values. The equipment serves also as a computer-controlled heliodon which permits measurement of building illuminance under direct sunlight.


Molecular dynamic simulations have been performed to study the mechanical properties of Cu15Mg85, respectively and Cu50Zr50 metallic glasses. The many body interaction between atoms are described at the Effective Medium Theory interatomic potential level of theory. In order to treat Cu50Zr50 a new interatomic potential has been constructed. The interatomic potential was fitted to lattice constants, elastic constants and cohesive energies of Cu, Zr and Cu50Zr50 in the B2 structure. We tested the optimized Cu50Zr50 interatomic potential by comparing the lattice properties of several CuZr structures to accurate Density Functional Theory calculations and find a satisfactory agreement. Furthermore, with the CuZr interatomic potential we are able to describe the thermodynamics of CuZr glass during cooling in good agreement with experiments. Two different method have been used to study the formation of shear bands during plastic deformation: i) a simple shear deformation, and ii) nanoindentation with a cylindrical indenter. For the simple shear deformation we observe formation of shear bands with a width of 5 nm and 8 nm for Cu50Zr50 and Cu15Mg85, respectively. The formation of shear bands during nanoindentation was found to be dependent on the indentation velocity, radius of the indenter and the cooling rate. Shear bands formation is more clear when we use low velocity of nanoindentation, larger radius of the indenter and when the samples are cooled slowly.


The invention relates to a hollow membrane (11) comprising two support layers arranged one above the other PROVIDING EACH SPACE AND VARIOUS ARRANGED capillaries between the two layers SUPPORT FORMING CAPILARES flow channels of a first fluid, fORMING THE SPACE BETWEEN capillaries an internal cavity CIRCULATION OF A SECOND fluid around the capillaries, and the assembly being constituted by an organic polymer. These membranes (11) MODULES CAN JOIN IN TREATMENT POROUS PLATES WITH INTERMEDIATE FLUID (13).


Current blood flow estimation algorithms operate on radio frequency (RF) or complex demodulated (IQ) data summed across a phased array, annular array, or single piston transducer. Typically either the phase delay or time delay between successively acquired signals is used to estimate the blood velocity. While this approach allows computational efficiency, velocity estimates are corrupted because different portions of the array lie at different angles with respect to the blood flow vector. While such effects can often be neglected for high f-number systems, they become increasingly important as aperture sizes increase. The angular dependence between the flow vector and the transducer elements broadens spectral flow estimates, increases estimator variance, and biases flow estimates. Flow estimates are further corrupted because different elements in the array receive slightly different speckle signals, as predicted by the Van Cittert-Zernike Theorem. Summation of these limited coherence signals causes a reduction in signal to noise ratio, further increasing estimator variance. This paper describes a new class of blood flow estimators which coherently process correlation or autocorrelation functions derived from data acquired by individual array elements. These aperture domain estimators can be formulated to process either IQ data or RF data. When operating on data acquired from one dimensional arrays these algorithms can yield two dimensional velocity estimates. Implementation on 1.5-D or 2-D arrays will allow estimation of the complete three dimensional blood velocity vector. Simulation results are presented which illustrate the limitations of current algorithms and potential of the narrow-band aperture domain velocity estimator (NAVE) and wideband aperture domain velocity estimator (WAVE). Simulation results are also presented which compare the bias and variance of WAVE to traditional blood flow estimators. Similarities between WAVE, NAVE, and other multidimensional velocity estimators, such as dual angle Doppler, are discussed. Tradeoffs between spatial resolution and performance are discussed. Finally, the implementation of wall filters for these algorithms is discussed.


the needs of linguistics and terminology, but even other scientific areas as well. Their extent is significantly smaller than that of general corpora. An example of such a corpus is the Corpus of Religious Texts blf-2.0 [2], which The paper investigates the issue of semantic field of selected ethical terminology (e.g. morality, conscience, moral action, etc.) in the Slovak National Corpus (SNC). The examination covers two different subcorpuses (written and web) containing a collection of about thousand text units. The basic framework of written subcorpus consists of scientific articles from the field of humanities, religion and art. The web subcorpus was generated from website www.salon.eu.sk offering essays and feuilletons published by the European and world press, with special focus on Central European countries. Firstly, the paper describes the way of designing and building these subcorpuses based on critical interpretation of text metadata, and, secondly, it focuses on the rate of occurrence for the subject areas − Domains and Subdomains − that refer to ethical terminology included in the SNC. The paper then outlines the ways of interpreting the statistical results of the quantitative occurrence of the selected word forms, and it also defines the ways of using the subcorpus not only for linguistic and literary purposes, but also in interdisciplinary research areas.


The extragenital chancre is by no means an uncommon sight — to the dermatologist, at any rate — and I feel a hesitancy in reporting to this section such a short series of cases. However, the affection is rather rarely encountered by the general practitioner and, consequently, the diagnosis is deferred, as a rule, until the appearance of the secondary symptoms, a time when much damage often has been done both to the patient and to his family. DEFINITION By the term "extragenital chancre" I mean the primary invasion of theSpirochaeta pallidaon other parts of the body than the genitalia — hence the frequently used term "syphilis insontium." This type of syphilis has been known since the earliest times, and authentic epidemics of innocent syphilis have been reported as early as 1577 in Austria, 1592 in Switzerland and 1596 in Germany. Most of the earlier ones were due


Statistical-equilibrium (SE) states of radiative‐convective systems in tropical oceanic conditions are simulated with a cloud ensemble model (CEM) in this study. Typical large-scale conditions from the Marshall Islands and the eastern tropical Atlantic regions are used to drive the CEM. The simulated SE precipitable water, column temperature, and relative humidity are only slightly higher than those of the observed mean states in both regions when time-invariant large-scale total advective cooling and moistening effects are imposed from observations. They are much higher than the observed if time-invariant observed large-scale ascent is imposed for the Marshall Islands region (i.e., ignoring horizontal advective effects). Compared with results from two similar studies, this SE state is somewhere between the cold/dry regime by Sui et al. and the warm/humid regime by Grabowski et al. Temporal variations of the imposed large-scale vertical motion that allows for subsidence make the SE state colder and drier. It remains about the same, however, if the magnitude of the imposed large-scale vertical motion is halved. The SE state is also colder and drier if solar radiation is absent. In general, all the SE states show that wet columns are thermally more stable (unstable) and dry columns are thermally more unstable (stable) in the lower (upper) troposphere. Column budget analyses are performed to explore the differences among the simulations performed in this study and among the different studies.


In this paper, we discuss the Prisoners' Dilemma (PD) Game with imperfect information on complex networks. The players are assumed to know no information of the strategies of their opponents, and they have to make decisions only by learning from the limited history of their own. We present a self-learning rule for strategy update of the players and carry out numerical simulations for the evolution of the PD games on Barabási-Albert (BA) scale-free networks and periodical boundary lattices (PBLs). The results show that the underlying network structures have a strong effect on the cooperation level and the wealth distribution of the players. It is also shown that making use of longer memory does not need to promote the cooperation frequency and wealth level in the game. This indicates that there should exists an optimal memory length for given parameters of the payoff matrix. Moreover, it is found that larger temptation of defection will tend to decreasing the cooperation frequency and increase the wealth.


The text referes itself to Deleuze's ‐and Guattari's‐conceptual proposal. From there, a first move will involve a quick update of a diagnosis that, in terms of political philosophy, can be made of our times: describing the emergency of the modulation dispositive. Next, the text proposes a conceptual review of some notions of Deleuze-Guattari's thought from the viewpoint of the use of them in terms of the updated diagnosis: describing the current political situation in terms of noopolitics and neoliberalism using the deleuzian grammar in order to, on the end of the text, suggest an approach to Deleuze's aesthetics and his political power as an ethical ontology that remains yet to be designed.


The case of a full term, stillborn infant with herniation of the viscera through a so-called left Bochdalek foramen is analyzed. Graphic and wax reconstructions of the uninflated left lung record the degree of differentiation and the histologic appearance of the atelectatic parenchyma. To this is appended a discussion of the probable sequence of events during gestation; and an explanation of why such hernias usually protrude into the left, and not the right pleural cavity.


POSITIVE breathing machine used in neurologically THAT PEOPLE WELCOME TO BREATHING IRREGULAR often suffer; Characterized by comprising two end supports, a lower and an upper, aligned with each other and supported by PATAS whose SUPPORTS APPEARS COUPLED a central module, equipped with a frame generally prismatic POSING IN YOUR TOP extreme SLOTS IN APPEARING A SERIES OF eyebolts RELATED twos by A BAR fORMING CARTS TO BE CONNECTED BY A SERIES OF BELTS WITH CLOSURES RAPIDOS which engage WITH OTHER CLOSURES straps BELONGING TO A LIFE THAT IS REMOVED AND PLACED OR FITS THE ABDOMEN OF PERSONS; IN A SIDE OF CENTRAL MODULE APPEARS A FAN AND A FRONT PANEL; AND WHY IN THE LOWER CENTRAL BASE MODULE SHOWN AS WELL AS TAPAS bottom two parallel bars connected by a SEPARATE AND CHARGED ROD TRANSMIT MOVEMENTS one another.


We consider several variants of Keisler's isomorphism theorem. We separate these variants by showing implications between them and cardinal invariants hypotheses. We characterize saturation hypotheses that are stronger than Keisler's theorem with respect to models of size $\aleph_1$ and $\aleph_0$ by $\mathrm{CH}$ and $\operatorname{cov}(\mathsf{meager}) = \mathfrak{c} \land 2^{<\mathfrak{c}} = \mathfrak{c}$ respectively. We prove that Keisler's theorem for models of size $\aleph_1$ and $\aleph_0$ implies $\mathfrak{b} = \aleph_1$ and $\operatorname{cov}(\mathsf{null}) \le \mathfrak{d}$ respectively. As a consequence, Keisler's theorem for models of size $\aleph_0$ fails in the random model. We also show that for Keisler's theorem for models of size $\aleph_1$ to hold it is not necessary that $\operatorname{cov}(\mathsf{meager})$ equals $\mathfrak{c}$.


We present iCount, a new energy meter design. For many systems that have a built-in switching regulator, adding a single wire between the regulator and the microcontroller enables real-time energy metering. iCount measures energy usage by counting the switching cycles of the regulator. We show that the relationship between load current and switching frequency is quite linear and demonstrate that this simple design can be applied to a variety of regulators. Our particular implementation exhibits a maximum error of less than plusmn20% over five decades of current draw, a resolution exceeding 1 muJ, a read latency of 15 mus, and a power overhead that ranges from 1% when the node is in standby to 0.01 % when the node is active, for a typical workload. The basic iCount design requires only a pulse frequency modulated switching regulator and a microcontroller with an externally-clocked counter.


Klotz, M. G. and Erdei, L. 1988. Effect of tentoxin on K+ transport in winter wheat seedlings of different K+-status.

The influence of the phytoeffective mycotoxin, tentoxin, [cyclo-(L-leucyl-N-methyltrans-dehydronhenyl-alanyl-glycyl-N-methyl-L-alanyl)] (in K+ uptake and on translocation of K+ from roots to shoot was studied in 14-day-old winter wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Martonvasari-8) grown at different levels of K+ supply. For comparison, the effects of 2,4-dinilrophcnol and valinomycin were also investigated. In I-h experiments I pM tentoxin reduced K+ influx in the routs over the external K+ concentration range 0.1 to 1 mM (low-K+ plants), whereas stimulation was observed al lower and higher K+ concentrations. On the other hand, in plants grown at 0.3 mM K+, tentoxin stimulated the translocation of K+ from roots to shoots in 5-h experiments. Valinomycin affected K+ transport only al high K+-status (slight stimulation). In low-K+ plants 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) caused drastic inhibition of K+ uptake, but in high-K+ plants uptake was only slightly inhibited and translocation slightly stimulated, It is concluded that the opposite effects of tentoxin on K+ uptake and translocation agree1 with the directions of the H+-ATPases pumping H+ towards the apoplast and located at the cortex plasmalemma and the xylem parenchyma plasma-membrane, respectively. These effects should probably be attributed to the interaction between tentoxin and the K+-carrier protein rather than to a direct influence of tentoxin on H+-ATPase.


OBJECTIVE
To identify the risk factors and socio-psychological condition of epilepsy in general population.

METHODS
A community-based, pair-matched case-control study using the epileptic patients living in Zhujing town, Jinshan district, Shanghai was carried out. Patients were matched for age (+/-1 years) and gender to controls (81 cases and 81 controls). Data was analyzed with multiple conditional logistic regression.

RESULTS
As a result of multiple logistic regression, postnatal insults (OR = 6.517), alcohol intake (OR = 10.761) and family history (OR = 5.414) were powerfully associated with epilepsy. Compared with control group, epileptic patients were significantly different in socio-psychological condition, especially in > or = 17 years adult patients.

CONCLUSION
Postnatal insults, alcohol intake and family history were the risk factors of epilepsy. Psychological and psychiatric disorders were highly prevalent among epilepsy patients.


The steel roof of the new campus's gym in Zhengzhou University is used as a subject of study,and a computer model of space structure of the steel roof is established by the program ANSYS,as well as the its nature vibration periods and modes are calculated by the subspace iteration method.Therefore,the dynamic properties of the steel roof can be obtained,which provides a foundation for further study of the modal response of the structure.


The method includes steps: (1) ECN sends the info related to the authority verifying and security to ERAN. (2) ERAN stores the info and produces a random number, produces the 1st message according to the received info, and sends it to UE for UE to verify authority against the network. This method reduces the interaction of signaling planes. Before the plane is established, if the network needs to handle the AKA progress and the local encrypting progress, the builds of customer plane may be reduced without decreasing the safety of the AKA progress and the local encrypting progress.


We continue studies on quantum field theories on noncommutative geometric spaces, focusing on classes of noncommutative geometries which imply ultraviolet and infrared modifications in the form of nonzero minimal uncertainties in positions and momenta. The case of the ultraviolet modified uncertainty relation which has appeared from string theory and quantum gravity is covered. The example of Euclidean φ4-theory is studied in detail and in this example we can now show ultraviolet and infrared regularization of all graphs.


Speech segregation, or the cocktail party problem, has proven to be extremely challenging. While efforts in computational auditory scene analysis have led to considerable progress in voiced speech segregation, little attention has been given to unvoiced speech which lacks harmonic structure and has weaker energy, hence more susceptible to interference. We describe a novel approach to address this problem. The segregation process occurs in two stages: segmentation and grouping. In segmentation, our model decomposes the input mixture into contiguous time-frequency segments by analyzing sound onsets and offsets. Grouping of unvoiced segments is based on Bayesian classification of acoustic-phonetic features. The proposed model yields very promising results


Cobb-500 broiler chicks were used to study the effects of probiotics on growth performances and haemato-biochemical parameters. A total of fifteen broiler chicks (16 days old) were randomly divided into three equal groups (n=5). Two groups of broilers were fed probiotics at the rate of 0.5 gm/kg and 1gm/kg respectively with commercial feed for 22 days. Chicks fed on only commercial feed were considered as control group. The results showed that broilers treated with probiotics grew faster compared to control group. After having completed the trial, the birds were sacrificed to collect blood sample for hematological and biochemical analysis. Dressed weight, weight of skin including feathers, leg weight, breast weight and liver weight were found higher in treated groups compared to control group. Total erythrocytes count and hemoglobin content were found increased in treated group compared to control group. ESR value was found decrease in treated groups compared to control group. Total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL was significantly (P>0.01) lower in the treated groups compared to control group. The serum alkaline phosphatase significantly (P<0.01) increased in treated groups.
Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(1): 91-100, April 2019


1088Background: Select patients (pts) with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) treated with capecitabine (cape) experience long-term disease control. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and biological pre...


Epiprinus mallotiformis is an endemic species of Western Ghats, traditionally known to cure dysentery, digestive problems, ulcers, gonorrhoea and also as a good antimicrobial and diuretic agent. The present investigation was done to evaluate the in vitro pharmacological activities and preliminary screening for phytochemicals in leaf, stem and bark extracts. The study revealed an optimum antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities and the presence of phenolics, flavonoids and saponins in the plant extracts. The ethyl acetate fraction of leaf samples exhibited a very significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus with a minimum bactericidal concentration of 8 mg/mL which might be due to the presence of high saponin content (9 %) in the leaves. The investigation also suggests the possible use of E. mallotiformis as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agent.


The problem of optimizing information flows is a key element of sustainable development organizations through its simplicity and accuracy that implies. The exponential growth in the volume of data that is processed to synthesize the necessary information requires management concepts, methods and techniques on optimizing information flow. Retrieval, processing, aggregation and data synthesis are defining elements in optimizing information flow. Performing processing using recursive models and learning theory provides effective control of business processes, leading to restructuring and sustainable development organizations. This paper presents a new vision for optimization models of business processes through the direct connection to the computer optimization of processes running in real time.future generations..


The problem of agriculture,countryside and peasants has become the biggest obstruction to the growth of national economy.To solve this problem efficiently,we should make general evaluation about the rural developing level firstly.In this paper,by choosing a series of evaluation indexes and making use of method of factor analysis,the authors observe the rural development level of 30 provinces in our country and point out the most critical points of the rural development for every area.


Phonocinefluorocardiography is t h e n a m e w e h a v e u s e d for a new d i a g n o s t i c method i n c o r p o r a t i n g c i n e f l u o t o g r a p h y o f t h e h e a t t w i t h s y n c h r o n i z e d c a r d i a c s o u n d s . With t h e a d v e n t of t h e i m a g e i n t e n s i f i e r , c i n e f l u o r o g r a p h y h a s b e c o m e a n a c c e p t e d method for s t u d y i n g t h e form a n d k i n e t i c s o f t h e h e a r t a n d its c o m p o n e n t par t s . S y n c h t o n i z a t i o n of v i s u a l i z e d c a r d i a c a c t i o n wi th i t s a s s o c i a t e d s o u n d s a f f o r d s a m e a n s o f e x t r a c t i n g p r e v i o u s l y u n u s e d informat ion from c a t d i o v a s c u l a r s o u n d s , a v a l u a b l e d i a g n o s t i c i n d e x i n mi t ra l d i s e a s e . T h e s i m u l t a n e o u s u s e o f t h e t e c h n i q u e s of e s o p h a g e a l p r e s s u r e a n d s o u n d t e c o t d i n g , a n d c i n e f l u o r o s c o p y v a s t l y i n c r e a s e s t h e informat ion o b t a i n e d by t h e u s e o f e i t h e r t e c h n i q u e s e p a r a t e l y . I t is w e l l r e c o g n i z e d t h a t t h e w a v e s h a p e s of j u g u l a r p u l s e s t e f l e c t e v e n t s o c c u r i n g i n t h e r i g h t a t r ium. F I G U R E 1 s h o w s t h e s i m i l a r i t y o f d i r e c t a n d i n d i r e c t p r e s s u r e p u l s e s i n a case o f t r i c u s p i d s t e n o s i s . L i k e w i s e , d u e to t h e proximi ty of t h e e s o p h a g u s to t h e l e f t a t r ium ( F I G U R E 2) e v e n t s t h e r e i n c a n b e i n t e r p r e t e d from p u l s e s p i c k e d u p by t h e e s o p h a g e a l s te thoscope . ' , ' T h e s e i n d i i e c t p u l s e s c o m p a r e w e l l wi th t h e d i r e c t p u l s e s o b t a i n e d at c a r d i a c c a t h e t e t i z a tio n.


Oral and maxillofacial infection is the oldest and most common disease in human history. The infection ranges from the low-grade infection that only requires minimal treatment to the high-grade and life-threatening fascial space infection. In this study, the data on oral and maxillofacial infections were analyzed to aid in the diagnosis and treatment, and to predict the prognosis. This report was based on data from 831 patients with oral and maxillofacial infection (394 males and 437 females) who were hospitalized in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery of Chosun University Dental Hospital from January 1998 to May 2005. The ratio of males to females was 0.9:1. By age, patients between 60 and 70 years old were the greatest in number (17.1%), while only 5.9% of the patients were between 10 and 20 years old. The most common cause of infection was odontogenic origin (84.4%), followed by post-extraction infection (6.2%), unknown (5.9%), and trauma (3.5%). The most common fascial space involved was the buccal space (39.4%), followed by the canine (20.6%), submandibular (15.9%), pterygomandibular (9.5%), submental (7.6%) and sublingual (2.8%) space. The number of the involved fascial space was one (75.2%), two (19.8%), or more than three (5.0%). In terms of the treatment duration, the hospitalization period of 6 to 10 days was the greatest in number (49.9%). All patients had uneventful recovery without major complication. There are statistically significant correlations between age and treatment period, and the involved space and treatment period, but no correlations between the variables of sex and treatment.


In the past decade micro-reactors have emerged for the highly controlled nanoparticle synthesis, offering multiple advantages over conventional synthesis method in which the reactor "batch" is used. These benefits include improvements in the crystallization process, good reproducibility and automation of the process. Laminar flow micro-reactors, however, are not enough suitable for the synthesis of nanoparticles with fast growth kinetics or where the presence of a specific reaction atmosphere is necessary. Segmented flow reactors are a good alternative, using an immiscible fluid (liquid or gas) to isolate the reagent segments. Key advantages of segmented flow include removing the dispersion, control of the reaction atmosphere and reduced reactor fouling [3].


We present solitary-wave solutions of two and three coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations when the waves propagate in the normal and anomalous group-velocity dispersion regions. A wave of the form sech2 £-2/3 is found, which, together with two known waves of the forms tanh £ sech £ and sech2 £, are shown to form a new generation of complementary waves. The implication of this wave set and its applications to coupled solitarywave propagation is discussed.


Acknowledgements 1. Patronage and Corruption in Communist Poland PART I: THE EMERGENCE OF OPPOSITION 2. The First Systemic Crisis 3. 'Living Parallel to the System': The Solidarity Generation 4. A Line of Blood 5. An Opposition Emerges 6. Independent Organisations and Opposition PART II: THE SOLIDARITY REVOLUTION 7. The Solidarity Explosion 8. Social Solidarity and the Victory of Solidarnosc 9. The Solidarity Revolution 10. The Solidarity Offensive 11. Bydgoszcz: the Turning Point 12. The Party at War with Itself References Index


Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important legume crop in the world, providing low-cost, high quality protein, minerals and dietary fiber for human nutrition. The crop was originated from diversity centers in America and exhibits adaptation abilities to different environmental conditions, including soil with low pH. Acid soils occupy 30% of the agro ecosystem areas in the world. In Madeira, acid Andosols and unsatured Cambisols are the dominant groups of soils. Generally, under acidic and infertile conditions, besides of H + toxicity, soluble aluminium (Al) is the most impor- tant abiotic factor limiting plant development and crop productivity. In the field, the hidden roots are also affected and the reduction of root growth under Al stress can be clearly observed in early stages. Seedlings of fifty bean accessions from the Archipelago of Madeira were tested under controlled conditions in the presence of 50 mM Al at pH 4.4. In gen- eral, the tested germplasm appeared to be sensitive or very sensitive to Al toxicity. However, fifteen traditional cultivars clearly exhibited elevated Al-tolerance, with an average root relative elongation (RRE) exceeding 50%, while top six ac- cessions surpassed the 60% RRE mark. The Madeira bean germplasm is a valuable resource for sustainable crop produc- tion in acid soils and it could be used as parental lines in breeding programs aimed for Al tolerance in common beans.


Enter Theatre, Mamet's latest collection of essays: Mamet has certainly earned the right to codify his wisdom, but having already written separate mini-textbooks on acting, writing, and directing, he cannot realistically expect his slim new volume to supersede his body of work. The ambivalence of his earlier work has now solidified into something forceful. His essays in Theatre are worth assessing as a crude and wrongheaded but ideologically fascinating polemic, the place where Mamet's reactionary ideas about culture and politics converge in earnest. Vibrating with rage and resentment, they might represent the most sustained argument against intellectualism ever published by an American belletrist.


Preventing the vertical transmission (VT) of HIV from mother to child is a major public health problem. At the global level approximately 1.5 million children were living with HIV infection in 1988 90% of whom were infected by their mothers. Zidovudine (AZT) and the newest antiretroviral regimes reduce the risk of VT from HIV-infected mothers to their newborn infants. Such regimes are available throughout developed countries and certain developing countries. HIVNET 012 tests conducted in Uganda led to important breakthroughs in VT prevention. In that study Nevirapine was evaluated in a randomized study relative to AZT treatment in a population of breastfeeding women. One dose of Nevirapine administered to the mother during labor and a dose administered to the infant immediately following birth resulted in a clear reduction of HIV transmission during delivery and a 4-month follow-up period. Nevirapine is a nonnucleoside inhibitor of inverse viral transcriptase (IN). In some countries Nevirapine is used as a potential second-line IN in combined therapies notably with other nucleosides to treat resistant HIV. Flashes were noted as the only side effect associated with a single dose of Nevirapine. This drug is relatively easy to administer there exist only minimal side effects and risk of developing resistant viral strains and Nevirapine costs far less than AZT. The precise timing of VT risk factors for VT strategies to reduce the incidence of VT and implementing an AZT policy are discussed followed by consideration of AZT therapy and recommendations.


The aim with this study was to explore how English as a second language can be taught in order to reach all type of students and levels. The study was carried out in a third grade class in a specif ...


The emergence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has changed the nature of the learning environments experienced by school students (Weiss, 2006). Educators have always created, selected and provided environments for learning and therefore the potential of virtual learning environments is a matter of great interest to them (M. Ainley & Armatas, 2006). Virtual learning environments are seen as having the potential to provide opportunities for active, flexible and individualised learning experiences (Kelleher, 2000: 37). However, M. Ainley and Armatas (2006) argue that the connection between the learner and the learning environment is central to understanding how virtual learning environments motivate or engage students, particularly given the capacity of virtual learning environments to provide more individualised experiences. Indeed, individual differences among learners may be more evident as learning environments become more open-ended (Hartley & Bendixen, 2001).


Personal peculiarities of Eastern subjects of dialogue with the West are described in the paper based on Paul Ricoeur's conception of "Oneself as Another" ("Soi-meme comme un autre") On the example of the Bengal Renaissance thinkers (XIX — early XX century) from new intellectual elite are demonstrated otherness and identity of their personal positions. They are Others both for their own Indian social-cultural surroundings and for Western subjects of inter-cultural dialogue. Otherness along with Indian identity had determined the specific role and works by Bengal thinkers in dialogue with the West.


International and U.S. accounting and auditing standard setters have focused considerable attention and rule making around group audits and in particular the reporting quality of subsidiary entities. We examine how membership in a consolidated group and the related group audit affects the quality of financial reporting of subsidiary entities. While regulators have expressed concern regarding the financial reporting quality of subsidiary entities based on inspection findings, we find that subsidiaries have, on average, higher financial reporting quality than non-consolidated entities. This effect is larger for subsidiaries with distinct management teams from the parent, lending support to the argument that higher auditor power increases financial reporting quality. Our results should inform standard setters, regulators, and practitioners as they consider how to improve the financial reporting and audit quality.


6H-SiC single crystals have been irradiated with 3 MeV elect rons at a temperature of 200 K creating mainly vacancies on the carbon and the silicon sublattice s. Positron annihilation experiments show that only well defined point defects have appeared. Th influence of electron irradiation and of subsequent annealing on the lattice constants was studied by x-ray diffraction. An increase of the lattice constants by a relative value of 6 ⋅10 due to the irradiation with a fluence of 1.8⋅10cm was observed. Annealing at 1000 °C in Ar atmosphere leads to a regai n of the preirradiation values. Furthermore, the spread of lattice paramete rs pr sent in the as-grown samples is reduced after irradiation and annealing. Higher annealing tempera tures up to 1850 °C do not lead to further changes. Experimental Sample treatment. For the present studies, 6H-SiC single crystal substrates of a total thickness of 300 μm and with a 5μm thick epitaxial 6H-SiC layer (1.4 ⋅10cm n-type nitrogen doping) from Cree Inc., USA, were used which show a bulk positron lifetime of 146 ps [1]. For the positron annihilation experiments pieces of approx. 1 ×1 cm were cut from the as-grown wafer. Small cubes with an edge length of about 300 μm were prepared for the present high-accuracy lattice constant measurements. The crystals used were chosen randomly from a la rger number prepared from a 1 ×1 cm piece of a wafer. The electron irradiation for generation of vacancies and interstit ial was performed at the Stuttgart Dynamitron accelerator [2]. The maximum specimen temperature during irr adiation was 220 K. The applied electron energy was 3 MeV with a radiation dose of φ = 1.8⋅10cm. Annealing was performed with a high temperature furnace at the University of Erlangen. The temperature was 1000 °C applied for 10 min and the specimens were held in Ar atmosphere [3]. All samples were subject to the same cycle: measurement of lattice parameters – annealing – measurement of lattice parameters – irradiation – measurement of lat ice parameters – annealing – measurement of lattice parameters. Positron annihilation. Coincidence measurements of the Doppler broadening of the positronelectron annihilation γ spectrum for background suppression were performed with a collinear set-up of two high-purity Ge detectors. The full-width at half-maximum ( FWHM) of the energy resolution function of the detectors was equal to about 1.2 keV at 511 keV. The posit ron lifetime was measured by means of a fast-slow γγ spectrometer with a time resolution of 205 ps (FWHM). For both techniques a NaCl positron emitter stacked between two identical SiC specimen plates was used. X-ray measurements. The x-ray line profiles were taken on a Huber 4-circle diffra ctometer with a graphite monochromator and Mo tube, optimized for a good resolution function. The lattic parameter measurements were performed with a modified Philips PW1100 4-circle diffractometer again equipped with a graphite monochromator and a Mo tube. Materials Science Forum Online: 2003-09-15 ISSN: 1662-9752, Vols. 433-436, pp 289-292 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.433-436.289 © 2003 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-12/03/20,10:56:47) Lattice constant measurements are based on Bragg's equation:


PLASM (Programming LAnguage for Solid Modeling) is a prototype, high level, user oriented, functional design language currently being developed at the University of Rome "La Sapienza". A PLASM "program" is the symbolic definition of a complex of variational polyhedra depending on some unbound variable, and therefore allows for the description of a whole set of geometric solutions to a design problem. In our view the language should be used, possibly with the assistance of a graphical user interface, both in the first steps of the design process as well in the detailed design. In the paper the guide-lines are shown of the preliminary definition of the syntax of the language. The paper also contains the definition of some new and very powerful solid operators.


In this paper we demonstrate an improved tissue engineering method producing 100 three-dimensional (3D) HepG2 cell structures in parallel based on a combination of ultrasonic actuation and polymer ...


Abstract The three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationships (3D-QSAR) were established for 30 oxindole derivatives as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) tyrosine kinase inhibitors by using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative similarity indices analysis comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) techniques. With the CoMFA model, the cross-validated value (q2) was 0.777, the non-cross-validated value (R2) was 0.987, and the external cross-validated value () was 0.72. And with the CoMSIA model, the corresponding q2, R2 and values were 0.710, 0.988 and 0.78, respectively. Docking studies were employed to bind the inhibitors into the active site to determine the probable binding conformation. The binding mode obtained by molecular docking was in good agreement with the 3D-QSAR results. Based on the QSAR models and the docking binding mode, a set of new VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors were designed, which showed excellent predicting inhibiting potencies. The result revealed that both QSAR models have good predictive capability to guide the design and structural modification of homologic compounds. It is also helpful for further research and development of new VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors.


The aim of this research is to study factors that affecting performance of employee of PT. Millenium Penata Futures branch Pekanbaru. Variables that have been used are including variable Y that is employee performance, and variable X that is capability and motivation. Population and sample in this study is every employees of PT. Millenium Penata Futures branch Pekanbaru with total 45 person. Retrieval of data analysis in this research using descriptive and quantitative methods. Analysis of the data that have been used are validity, reliability test, classic assumption test, multiple linear regression, t-test, f-test, and the coefficient of determination (R2). The results of this study in the regression equation is Y = -0.664 + 0.031X1 + 0.934X2. T test between variable ability (X1) on employee performance (Y) has no significant effect on employee performance. It can be seen from the result that t(calculation) 0.394 0.05, while the motivation variable (X2) on employee performance (Y) have significant influence on employee performance. It can be seen from the result that t(calculation) 11.374> t(table) 2.018, with significant value 0.000> 0.05. From the results of test calculations show that f(calculation) 65.324 > f(table) 4.07. With significant value 0.000 <0.005. The coefficient of determination (R2) that was obtained is 0.745 or 74.5%, which means the capability and motivation have major influence on the performance of employees of PT. Millenium Penata Futures Cabang Pekanbaru Branch Pekanbaru. Thus, the initial hypothesis which is capability and motivation give significant influence to the employee performance of PT. Millenium Penata Futures Cabang Pekanbaru Branch Pekanbaru is valid


The Brazilian Legal Code describes two situations in which the abortion is not considered a crime, denominated legal abortion: when pregnancy occurs after rape and when there is maternal death risk. More than half of the sexual violence cases happens during the reproductive period; when a pregnancy occurs, the option in favor or against the abortion is a woman´s right of to choose. Our aim was to describe the nursing care in a public university hospital of the city of Campinas/SP developed to the women who decided to interrupt the pregnancy by rape. It was followed the nursing process phases. The main nursing diagnoses of the NANDA-I are identifying subsequent to anamnesis and physical examination, and the nursing interventions are based in institutional protocols for sexual violence care and Health Ministry recommends. The nursing interventions occur at three distinct moments: in pre-hospitalization, during hospitalization and in outpatient follow-up. The nursing process providing to women individual, integral and humanized care, and collaboration to treatment adhesion and physical, psychological and social recovery and management nursing assistance with quality and safety.


Bilingual education has been in practice in this country since colonial days, but the movement has always been embroiled in controversy. Is it pedagogically sound? Is it not divisive? Why should linguistic minorities be so "pampered"? National policies have depended on the na tion's sense of security; regional policies have reflected societal attitudes toward certain groups. A different phenome non, manifested during the past decade, raises a new concern. With the Hispanic population increasing rapidly, demog raphers predicting Hispanics will outnumber Blacks by the turn of the century, Hispanics themselves calling the eighties their decade, and the emphasis on "maintenance" instead of "traditional" programs, non-Hispanic Americans—both White and Black—have reasons to view bilingual education as part of a larger thrust aimed at giving Hispanics increased visibility and political influence. Dr. Diego Castellanos, one of the leading advocates of bilingual education, characterizes the movement as an ideological, sociological, economic, and political strategy, as much as a pedagogical approach. A brief case study of the New Jersey experience with Puerto Ricans and Cubans demonstrates the growth of Hispanics in numbers and sophistication. Without a federal policy on bilingualism, the nation is sure to get somewhere—as the Cheshire cat said in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland—but it may not be where it wants to go.


This workshop will examine the future landscape of digital library research and practice. While conventional facilities of digital libraries, for example indexation, search and browsing of collections of static texts are well understood, there is growing demand for a richer range of content including dynamic data streams, linking of heterogeneous content and automated analysis. We aim to uncover the common agenda for the features of future digital libraries, and the corresponding challenges for research and practice. Contributions from both theory and practice, and from technologists, information scientists and researchers in human information behaviour will all contribute to this workshop.


The purpose of our survey is to expose the causes which lead to the anomalies of the birth activity by hypotonic and hypertensive types and their effect on the fetus and on the new-born in Krasnodarskyi krai.


An [n, k]q-projective system X of the (k−1)-dimensional projective geometry P k−1 = PG(k−1, q) over F = GF (q) is a collection of n not necessarily distinct points. An [n, k]q−t-error correctinglinear code C is a k-dimensional vector subspace of F n having minimum distance d and such that t ≤ bd−1 2 c. There exists a natural 1–1 correspondence between the equivalence classes of [n, k]q-projective systems X and those of linear [n, k]q-codes (see Section 2). A Permutation Deconding-set for a t-error-correcting code C is a set S of automorphisms of the code which is such that every possible error vector of weight t or less can be moved by some member of S out of the information positions. The permutation decoding technique was developed in 1964 by F.J.Mac Williams which uses a subset of the automorphism group of the code to assist in decoding a received vector. Results were added by M.E. Mitchell and L.D.Rudolph(1964), D.M.Gordon(1982), J.D.Key (2001–2004) and other authors (see [1], [2]). Codes arising from varieties are of particular interest. As shown in [3], if X is a variety having an automorphism group A, then A induces a linear automorphism group of the related code C. In such a way it might be easier to find in A a PD-set for C (see [3], Propositions 5–8, 13, 15). In this paper we focus our attention on codes related to classical varieties, essentially on some Grassmannian codes. We find PD-sets for the binary first-order Reed-Muller codes R(1, 4) and R(1, 5) and for the codes related to the Klein quadric KQ of PG(5, 2) and to the Schubert subvariety of KQ. In each case, to get a PD-set we construct first a collection A of bases of P k−1 contained in the projective system related to the code. A MAGMA programm is used to check when a PD-set for the related code is obtained.


A compact and dual-band circularly polarized antenna with resonant frequency of 5.8GHz(ISM) and 7.6 GHz is proposed for biomedical, satellite and specific UWB applications. The 10 dB impedance bandwidth (IBW) of the antenna varies from 5.55 GHz to 5.94 GHz and 6.78 GHz to 8.78 GHz. The tilted arc-shaped radiator is used to perturb the current which is responsible for lower frequency band as well as circular polarization with the axial ratio extending from 5.77 GHz to 5.93 GHz, which covers 41% of the lower frequency band. The antenna is analyzed for wearable applications on a three-layer skin phantom model and the SAR value obtained is 0.2 W/Kg with Source power of 10mW, which is below the maximum permissible limit of 1.6W/Kg.


With recent economic growth and changing life style, the incidence of coronary artery diseases in Korea has increased remarkably1,2). This rather rapid increase has been at least partly attributed to westernized dietary habit, such as increased intake of animal fat as well as many other factors, including extended medical care through the medical insurance system.

Cardiovasular disease is the leading cause of mortality in Korea and increasing number of people in our country are expressing their concern about the coronary artery disease. However, there have been no systematic investigations whether or not the incidence is really increasing rapidly, what the pattern of coronary artery diseases in this country is and whether there is any difference in the prevalence and patterns compared to those in western countries.

Since little data are available, I would like to discuss the general features of coronary artery diseases in this country, especially in respect to the indicence, patterns including risk factors, clinical spectrum, changing diagnostic and therapeutic modalities and different aspects from those of western counries, based upon experiences of the Seoul National University Hospital during the past 10 years.


Objective
To investigate the efficacy of modified B-Lynch suture in patients with refractory postpartum hemorrhage during cesarean section.

Methods
The clinical data of 116 patients with intractable postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section treated in the Fifth People's Hospital of Datong from March 2015 to November 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. According to different treatment methods, the patients were divided into control group (intrauterine packing with gauze, 58 cases) and observation group (modified B - Lynch suture, 58 cases). The postoperative blood loss, blood transfusion volume, postoperative hormone levels, including estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH) and stimulating hormone (FSH), and the complications between the two groups were compared.

Results
The postoperative blood loss, total blood loss and blood transfusion in the observation group were less than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (t=52.523, 4.453 and 6.539, P=0.000). There were no statistically significant differences in E2, LH and FSH levels between the two groups 1 month, 6 months after surgery(t=0.100, 0.147, 0.503, 0.105, 0.538, 0.521, P=0.921, 0.884, 0.616, 0.916, 0.591, 0.603). The incidence of complications in the observation group (3.45%) was lower than that in the control group (15.52%), the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.921, P=0.027).

Conclusions
Modified B-lynch suture can effectively control the bleeding and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications in patients with refractory postpartum hemorrhage during cesarean section without significant impact on the level of sex hormones.

Key words:
Refractory postpartum hemorrhage; Cesarean section; Modified B-Lynch suture; Intrauterine packing with gauze; Bleeding


In this note, we study deformations of quaternionic hyperbolic lattices in larger quaternionic hyperbolic spaces and prove local rigidity results.


Hydrogen production by biomass catalytic gasification in supercritical water is a very valuable new technique.It is useful to developing the extensive biomass resources and provides an efficient and clean way for large-scale hydrogen generation.To date,a series of experimental systems for hydrogen production by biomass catalytic gasification in supercritical water have been developed by domestic and overseas researchers.In this paper,a comprehensive evaluation of those systems was carried out,and features of those systems were compared.In addition,problems existing in those system and improvements to be made were discussed.


The decay rate of bacteriorhodopsin photocycle intermediate M412 in purple membrane LB film treated by ions and temperature was studied. The results showed that the decay rate turned fast with increaseing temperature. The decay of M412s was inhibited by La3+ at low concentration, but by K+ at higher concentration. The decay of M412f was accelerated by K+ and Ca2+ except La3+. The change of pH affected the decay rate of M412, When pH value reached 11, the decay rate of M412s was much slower than that of normal pH value.


I am writing on behalf of Governance for Owners (GO), an independent partnership between major financial institutions. shareowners and executives dedicated to adding long-term value for clients by exercising owners' rights. Based in London, we offer investment management services and stewardship services to institutional global investors on a worldwide scale. Our two main products are the GO European Focus Fund, which invests in European public companies where value can be added through making use of ownership rights and the GO Stewardship Services offers intelligent voting and engagement on quoted companies in Europe, the US, Japan, and South East Asia.


A social pholcid spider was found on the floor of a lowland tropical rain forest near the Maliau Basin, located in the southern part of Sabah, Malaysia. This species lived in groups within an irregular three-dimensional web built at the base of large buttressed trees. Webs were usually built near the ground level of enclosed spaces surrounded by two neighboring buttresses and the main trunk. A larger colony contained all developmental stages of immature spiders and multiple adults of both sexes. In larger colonies, sex ratios were significantly biased toward females, with an average sex ratio of 23.8 (% male). Spiders exhibited some communal behavior with web repair and defense. But individuals were competitively aggressive rather than cooperative in prey capture. Web sites of this social pholcid species were restricted to the bases of large buttressed trees of more than 70 cm diameter at breast height. In their webs there were often remained many prey remnants such as the wings of termites whose mounds were also found at the base of the same large trees. Specialization to this sort of microhabitat has some implications for the ecology and evolution of social spiders, as well as conservation of tropical rain forests.


A high-resolution imaging algorithm is proposed that uses ultra-wideband monostatic radar with only a single omni-directional antenna. With such a simple system, conventional radars can only measure distances between target and antenna. In a multipath environment, however, we can also use multipath echoes that can be separated from the actual echo in the time domain, if the pulse width is shorter than the difference in path lengths. Under this condition, assuming imaginary mirror images of the actual antenna, a radar image can be produced using delay-and-sum migration. However, images generated using DAS migration and imagenary-mirror antennas suffer from insufficient resolution. The proposed method uses multipath Green functions and Capon method to overcome limitations of conventional method. We apply the proposed method to numerical data and compare the imaging results with those from conventional methods. Results from applications demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms conventional imaging methods.


Kresna, hero and deity of Mahabharata legend, played major role as one example of morality and wisdom in Javanese traditional art and literature. Related with his status and identity as avatar of Vishnu, his traditional portrayal in India based on canon such as Manasara and Silpasastra. In Classical Java, he has been portrayed in Kresnayana reliefs on Vishnu Temple, Prambanan Complex and Main Temple, Panataran Complex. In those reliefs, his images were not strictly followed the canon, especially in costumes. Kresna's appearance on Prambanan Temple showed different details in costumes, headgear, and accessories in comparison with Panataran Temple. Reliefs in Prambanan looked more similar with Krishna's images influenced by 7th and 8th century Pallava art, in both carving style and costumes wore by the character, while reliefs in Panataran showed some indigenous characteristics. This research focused to compare Kresna's portrayal diachronically in those temple, by using descriptive, comparative, and historical methods. It concluded that transformation of Kresna's image went parallel with transmigration of power center to East Java, which followed by the development of macrocosmos-microcosmos parallels, as indicated by the depiction of king as deity and the culmination of  Vishnu's worships. The variations of Kresna's image not only brought diversity based on local influence, but also engendered new system, which later developed into the basis of traditional Javanese art and king's apparels