Emile Galle (1846-1904), an artist, artisan and manufacturer from Nancy, expressed himself with either earth, glass or wood. His work and personality made him a fierce supporter of decorative arts and their social traditions. Emile Galle, leader of the Ecole lorraine and follower of the Art nouveau movement, worked at finding a way and a purpose in the decorative art he produced and supported. He knew how to observe and transcribe nature and its movements, his art taking its roots in that observation. Beyond the attraction of the eye for plastic beauty, an enigma catches the spectator's attention. The act of contemplation is achieved not only by sensations (visual, tactile or auditory), but also by the intellect. Under Galle's hand, nature becomes a show offered to the public, using emotions and sensations to establish a dialogue with people. This form of spectacular is the opposite of its common meaning. It is not based on monumental size, gigantism or excessiveness but on the contrary, on the discovery of the infinitesimal. One must take the time to absorb the artwork before being absorbed by it. To speak about the spectacular in Galle's work implies to try and understand the spectator's experience and the relations between the creator, staging his work, and the spectator. Then, for Emile Galle, the spectacular becomes a plastic, symbolic and conceptual device, centered on the reading of his work and serving the function he assigns to art, problematics crystallized in the powerful vase Pasteur.


Mathematical methods of robust controller coefficients selection in H ¥ spaces are very complicated. A control system integrator has to know functional analysis methods. To solve this kind of problem, evolutionary algorithms can be used. The paper presents both the method and simulation results of evolutionary algorithms application for a robust controller coefficients selection. To select robust controller, only two requirements are used: stability check and geometric dependency – minimizing the maximum distance between Nyquist diagrams of operations – G(jw) and 1/F(jw). Where G(jw) and F(jw) are controller and plant transfer functions in a feedback control system.


To improve the process gas and air mixing of the static mixer,based on CFD methods,the built-in static mixer blade with different number of leaves and arrangement is simulated numerically.The distribution of the internal speed,turbulence,components is analyzed comparatively,and a new structure proposed is a reference for designing the built-in blade-type static mixer.


Purpose – The first order reliability method requires optimization algorithms to find the minimum distance from the origin to the limit state surface in the normal space. The purpose of this paper is to develop an improved version of the new metaheuristic algorithm inspired from echolocation behaviour of bats, namely, the bat algorithm (BA) dedicated to perform structural reliability analysis. Design/methodology/approach – Modifications have been embedded to the standard BA to enhance its efficiency, robustness and reliability. In addition, a new adaptive penalty equation dedicated to solve the problem of the determination of the reliability index and a proposition on the limit state formulation are presented. Findings – The comparisons between the improved bat algorithm (iBA) presented in this paper and other standard algorithms on benchmark functions show that the iBA is highly efficient, and the application to structural reliability problems such as the reliability analysis of overhead crane girder pro...


The aim of this research is to examine the effect of in-service training with digital data security awareness and information literacy of individuals working in a public service organization. The participants of this explanatory sequential mixed design study consisted of a total of 69 staff (37 female and 32 male). Forty seven of the participants had previously received an in-service training on "Information and Digital Data Security", while 22 did not. In this study, data were collected by using "Information Literacy Scale" and "Digital Data Security Awareness Scale". In addition, participants' opinions were collected through semi-structured open ended questions. Pearson Correlation and MANOVA were used for the data analysis. The data obtained from the open ended questions were analysed by using content analysis technique. The results of the study demonstrated a moderately positive and significant relationship between participants' information literacy and digital data security awareness. However, it was found that the in-service training did not have a significant effect on participants' digital data security awareness and information literacy. In order to examine the possible reasons for this result, detailed views of the participants on both the content and the method of in-service training process were obtained. In line with these views, some suggestions were given about different educational contents and methods such as providing online in-service trainings rather than face-to-face trainings, creating virtual worlds, group activities on social networks and creating multimedia activities.


The door security system has been created for a long time to keep the security indoors, but along with the development of technology there are several alternative security systems that are moremodern, fast, accurate and safe. Security is one of them is by using a facial recognition system thatcan identify a person's identity with physiological characteristics. Face recognition has severaladvantages because of its simplicity in identifying images and image data taken directly throughthe camera in real time at a certain distance, then it will be stored in the data base then processedcompared with 1: M. The data process will be applied automatically to unlock the door of thewarehouse of missile weapons so that it can be utilized in Army Air Defense Artillery Unit(Arhanud).


According to the construction practice of guard post of the Jeep foundation of the entrance and air shaft on M8 Line of Shanghai Metro Station, this paper introduces the construction techniques and the construction procedures of SMW guard post in the construction of the deep foundation with higher water level, narrow site and soft geologicalconditions.


[Objective]To study the effect of semi-constrained total elbow arthroplasty in rheumatoid elbow arthritis.[Method]Eighteen semi-constrained total elbow replacements were performed on 22 rheumatoid patients with 28 elbows(Morrey Stage:6 of Ⅲ Stage,17 of Ⅳ Stage,5 of Ⅴ Stage).The elbows were reviewed retrospectively after a followup of mean 26 months(range12~44 months).Mayo Elbow Performance was used to evalue the function of preoperative and postoperative elbow.The curative effect and complications were observed.The statistically significant differences were analyzed.[Result]Elbow arthroplasty was successful in 22 rheumatoid patients with 28 elbows.After 6 weeks function exercise the Mayo Elbow Performance was improved from(31.6±29.2)to(82.1±24.3)with a statistically significant difference(P0.01)[Conclusion]Semi-constrained total elbow arthroplasty is an effective mean for rheumatoid elbow arthritis.it can rapidly elimilate articular pain and recover articular stability and improve articular function.But the clinic indication should be selected strictly.


In the article the author describes the history of interdisciplinary planning. He comments the development and state-of-the-arts in this field. He gives his own proposal for the new generation of comprehensive plans in Slovenia in terms of interdisciplinary approach. In a large table the key spatial indicators are described together with its links with economic, socialand ecological indicators. The method is demonstrated on three practicalcases in a form of flowcharts. Strategic evaluations of industrial, touristic and agricultural zones are examined.


In this study, the development of nonnegative matrix factorization aided principal component analysis (NMF-PCA) algorithm is proposed to solve the problem that the covariance matrix cannot be computed due to the extremely high vector space caused by the "matrix-to-vector" transformation when principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to high-resolution image compression, which is further employed for PD gray image compression and recognition. In the proposed NMF-PCA algorithm, nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is firstly employed to decompose the high-resolution image into base matrices W and coefficient matrices H with lower dimension. Then, PCA is adopted to extract several principal components from the vectors of W and H as features. A fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering method is responsible for PD classification and features evaluation. Using a traditional pulse current detector for PD experiment, 177 gray images associated with four PD defect types are obtained for NMF-PCA testing. The results of algorithm performance evaluation show that NMF and PCA both have fast responding time when r is less 3, which is suitable for PD on-line analysis and diagnosis. The recognition results of experimental PD samples demonstrate that only is the feature set FH extracted from the coefficient matrix H fit for PCA compression of PD gray images. Meanwhile, the maximum successful clustering rate 0.9661 is achieved by 3D features of FH with r = 2, which is much higher than 0.8023 of traditional PRPD operators. In addition, the FCM validity measures report that the features obtained by NMF-PCA have better aggregation characteristic than PRPD statistical operators. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed NMF-PCA algorithm could provide an effective tool for PD diagnosis, and it is easy to extend to other image or matrix applications


On the basis of cutting experiments and high-speed phto technique, the theoretical study on the chip-forming and breaking process of side-curl chip is carried out. The longitudinal bend mathematics model of side-curl C shape chip is t founded, which is the theoretical foundation for the mechanism study on the chip -forming and breaking process and its computer emulation.


Furthermore, it has been shown that plaque ruptures resemble plaques that are histologically lassified as thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA). TCFAs have distinct histological characteristics, including a arge necrotic core with an overlying thin intact fibrous cap, macrophage infiltration, and often ncreased number of intraplaque vasa vasorum (2). These lesions have been designated as vulnerable laques indicating the increased probability of rupture.


Sequence data of small subunit rRNA (16S rRNA for prokaryotes, 18S rRNA for eukaryotes) are an integral part of every paper describing new species of microorganisms. And because of the availability of extensive ribosomal RNA sequence databases, most "cultivation-independent" studies of microbial communities in natural environments target 16S or 18S rRNA genes. I estimate that 16S or 18S rRNA genes feature in at least 70–80% of all papers in journals such as FEMS Microbiology Ecology, ISME Journal, and Microbial Ecology.


The authors are experienced researchers in the selection, evaluation and simulation of polymeric matrix resins for advanced composites. This article reviews the current state‐of‐the‐art in cure monitoring techniques and the application of modern computational methods to determine the kinetics of cure in commonly used aerospace systems. Extensive reference is made to primary sources and conclusions drawn about the possible future developments that may evolve in this area of interest.


A novel sensor, based on the intervalley transfer of electrons in AlxGa1−xAs (x∼0.3) subjected to hydrostatic pressure and/or strain is proposed. The operation characteristics are evaluated, optimized theoretically, and demonstrated experimentally.


Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate possible therapeutic effects of moxifloxacin against acetic acid-induced colitis in a rat model.
Methods: Forty adult Wistar rats were separated into 4 groups, including the negative control group, acetic acid (AA) group, AA + sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg/day) group, and AA+ moxifloxacin (MFX) (8 mg/kg/day) group. Experimental colitis was induced in rats by rectal administration of (4%v/v) acetic acid. Rats with colitis were received either MFX 8mg/kg/day or sulfasalazine 100mg/kg orally for 7days.The parameters measured are macroscopical assessment, colon weight (indicator of edema) and the measurement of concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA), adhesion molecule selectin and the inflammatory mediator NF-κB in colonic tissue homogenate.
Results: This study had shown that AA elevate macroscopical scores, colon weight and biochemical homogenate parameters and all measured parameters were significantly reduced by both moxifloxacin and sulfasalazine with nonsignificant difference between them.
Conclusions: The study explain that moxifloxacin possesses therapeutic potential in in AA induced colitis and its anti-inflammatory actions may involve inhibition of NF-κB inflammatory pathways including TNF-α pathway with its downstream inflammatory process such as elevation of adhesion molecule synthesis and oxidative species overproduction in the colonic tissues.


In this article, we present reflections on the debates occurred in the Research Discussion Group in Environmental Education in schools during the IV EPEA - Research Meeting on Environmental Education, in 2007. A critical analysis of the field raised questions and proposals about (i) tensions between integrated curriculum and school subjects, (ii) themes that should receive priority (iii), current research trends, and (iv) the necessity of dialogue between Environmental Education and other areas of educational research. Such points were focused on studies about school subjects, school knowledge, school integrated curriculum and environmental education.


ABSTRACT Introduction. The reforms carried out in the Russian society in recent years have caused the need to improve the tax legislation, and necessitated improvement of the state administration mechanism in the field of taxes and fees as well as forms of the state tax policy implementation. In this regard the legal content of tax administration is taking on a new meaning and demands further studying.Methods. To obtain the most objective data on the subject in question, the authors based their research on general scientific methods, such as an induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis. Besides, special scientific methods were applied: comparative and legal, historical and legal, formal and logic, system analysis, etc. Results. For the purpose of creating an optimum balance between the rights and obligations of taxpayers and the state represented by tax authorities, the state administration in the field of taxes and fees needs continuous improvement. Investigating the administrative and legal aspect of this activity, the authors come to a conclusion that the managerial concept of an administrative process related to implementation of executive and administrative activities of public administrations in various spheres of public management, in particular in the field of taxes and fees, finds its expression in the context of a legal category referred to as 'the state administration'.Discussion. The original approach to the state administration mechanism improvement offered by the authors in the field of taxes and fees may be regarded as having a theoretical and practical value since it makes an essential contribution to the theory of administrative law and practice of public administration.Key words: state administration; administrative public management; tax administration; administrative and legal regulation.


Intrinsic safety is generally considered the safest method of operting electrical instrumention in potentially explosive atmospheres. The method of intrinsic safety limits the energy passing into the hazardus area. The energy limitaion is provided by the use of safety barriers which are mounted in the safe area. Because of the energy limitation, regardless of the fault in the hazardous area, sufficient energy cannot be released to ignite the explosive atmosphere. The following industries are known to have hazardous locations: chemical, munitions, petrochemical, auto(paint spray booths), grain, waste water, printing, distillers, pharmaceutical, breweries, cosmetics, and utilities. In this paper, a isolator type barrier for ship(LNG, LPG, etc.) and test equipment confidence are proposed. The test equipments are designed for mechanical·electrical life time test and vibration. All of test results satisfy the goal and the studied barrier shows the improved confidence.


In September 1992, 1 made a presentation on "Acquiring, Describing, and Making Ephemera Available at the National Archives of Canada" at the Society of American Archivists' Annual Conference i n Montreal. It was part of a session on "Ephemera in Archives," with two other speakers who dealt with different aspects relating to ephemera; the first about dealing with users, and the second about using ephemera in exhibitions from an historian's perspective.' The session was lively and interesting. and provoked a certain amount of interest in a little-discussed topic. Since that presentation, I have thought a little more about the nature of ephemera, its definition and meaning within the larger context of archival theory and practice, and in relation to how archivists can attempt to define "records of enduring archival value." Comments and critiques made to me by two colleagues in the profession, George Brandak of Special Collections at the University of British Columbia. and Brian Murphy of the Manuscript Division of the National Archives of Canada, have also provided me with valuable insights, many of which are noted and included here. I would like. in the next few pages, to reflect both on the presentation I made in 1992. and to explore some ideas about ephemera and archives.


This special issue of the Transactions is a compilation of the most important papers presented at the 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics (ISAF). This was a joint meeting with the Electronics Division of the American Ceramics Society that was held at the Eldorado Hotel and Spa in Santa Fe, New Mexico, from February 24?27, 2008. The meeting was host to over 300 conference attendees and over 250 technical presentations. Presentations covered a wide range of technical topics, including processing, advanced characterization, theory and modeling of ferroelectrics, FERAM devices, capacitors, piezoelectrics, ultrasonics, multiferroics, and energy harvesting materials and devices.


In situ arsenic doping of epitaxial silicon films deposited from 700 to 800 °C by both very‐low‐pressure chemical vapor deposition (VLPCVD) and plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) has been investigated. The growth rate and morphology of films deposited by silane VLPCVD are degraded in the presence of arsine. The overall activation energy for deposition increases and the apparent silane reaction order decreases relative to VLPCVD in the absence of arsine. VLPCVD arsenic incorporation depends sublinearly on the arsine partial pressure and appears to saturate for incorporation fractions above 1018 As atoms/cm3. PECVD growth rates are less sensitive to arsine, and plasma enhancement is seen to provide significant advantages for n‐type doping of epitaxial silicon at low temperatures. PECVD deposits show an order‐of‐magnitude increase in active dopant incorporation, exhibit superior morphology relative to VLPCVD, and allow for increased doping flexibility. Incorporation remains proportional to ars...


Assuming the equation of state for quintessential matter, $p=w(z)\ensuremath{\rho},$ we analyze the dynamical behavior of the scale factor in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmologies. It is shown that its dynamics is formally equivalent to that of a classical particle under the action of a 1D potential $V(a).$ It is shown that the Hamiltonian method can be easily implemented to obtain a classification of all cosmological solutions in the phase space as well as in the configurational space. Examples taken from modern cosmology illustrate the effectiveness of the approach presented. The advantages of representing dynamics as a 1D Hamiltonian flow, in the analysis of acceleration and standard cosmological problems, are presented. The distant supernovae type Ia data are used to reconstruct the expansion scenario. The inverse problem of reconstructing the Hamiltonian dynamics (i.e., potential function) from the luminosity distance function ${d}_{L}(z)$ for supernovae is also considered.


In light of the building engineering basement roof crack,it applies many methods for detection.According to the detection result,from aspects of material,temperature,design,and construction and other aspects,it analyzes the causes of basement roof crack,and summarizes the preventive measures and design points of concrete roof cracking,so as to guide practice.


Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) is a kind of E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in a variety of biological processes including mitosis, senescence, apoptosis, and tumor cell formation. Its structural changes and major functions are closely related to the cell cycle progression. APC/C is a large complex consisting of multiple subunits, and the catalytic core exhibits the typical characteristics of the cullin-Ring E3 ligase. The function of the APC/C was modulated by the binding and separation of its co-activators and inhibitors and the corresponding conformational changes of APC/C itself. Ubiquitination is realized through the interaction with UBE2C and UBE2S E2 enzymes and substrates. Therefore, studying the structural changes of APC/C in the cell cycle species is helpful to understand the progression, the specific process of ubiquitination of E3 ubiquitin ligase, and how macromolecular components regulate activity through structural and conformational changes, which is conducive to the development of molecular biology, cell biology, pharmacology, oncology, and other fields. This paper will focus on APC/C's molecular structure changes and biological functions in different processes of the cell cycle from the perspective of cell cycle progression.


Abstract Objective: Evaluation and management of thyroid nodules with cytologically indeterminate results remain challenging in clinical practice. Despite the implementation of molecular testing in an attempt to avoid surgical intervention, diagnostic thyroidectomy still occurs due to the relatively low positive predictive value of these molecular testing. We conducted a study to analyze whether combining US characteristics and results of molecular testing would better elucidate predicting true positive results. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed thyroid ultrasound images of 172 nodules in 162 patients (mean age, 55 years +/- 14) with indeterminate cytology results (Bethesda III and IV) that underwent Afirma Gene Sequencing Classifier (GSC) testing at a single academic medical center between 2017–2019. All nodules were classified according to 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) and 2017 American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR-TIRADS). Results: A total of 172 with subsequent Afirma GSC molecular testing were included in the study. There were 127 nodules with Bethesda III (AUS/FLUS) (73.8%), and 45 nodules with Bethesda IV (SFN/HCN) (26.2%) results. The mean nodule volume was 5.4 +/- 10 cm3. Afirma GSC identified 129 nodules (75%) as benign and 43 nodules (25%) as suspicious. Per ATA classification, 10.4% (18) of nodules were classified as very low risk, 40.7% (70) as low risk, 36.5% (62) as intermediate and 12.8% (22) as high risk for malignancy. There was a significant association between ATA classification and Afirma benign nodules (P=0.002). All nodules were also classified per TIRADS system with the following distribution: 5 (1.16%) TIRADS 1, 7 (4%) TIRADS 2, 54 (31%) TIRADS 3, 90 (52%) TIRADS 4, and 16 (9.3%) TIRADS 5. We did not observe the similar association between TIRADS system and benign nodules as we did with ATA classification (P=0.4). 35 patients (79.5%) with Afirma suspicious results underwent surgery, of which 18 (51.4%) surgical pathology were malignant. 8 patients with Afirma suspicious results decided to proceed with ultrasound surveillance. The malignancy rates of nodules with low, intermediate and high suspicion for malignancy classified by the ATA guidelines were 44% (9 of 18), 33% (56 of 18) and 22% (4 of 18). The malignancy rates of TIRADS category 3, 4 and 5 nodules were 44% (8 of 18 nodules), 44% (8 of 18 nodules) and 11% (2 of 18 nodules). Subset analysis of surgical pathology benign and cancerous nodules did not show significant association between ATA (P=0.5) or TIRADS (P=0.4) classification systems. Conclusion: Our study showed that Afirma benign nodules were associated with a lower risk of malignancy per ATA classification but not with TIRADS system. We did not find a significant association between pathology proven cancer cases and high-risk ATA or TIRADS ultrasound classification systems.


Increasing the length and hauled mass represents an effective method for boosting freight train transportation. However, several analyses showed that longer and heavier trains pose safety concerns mainly related to large buffer forces generated during emergency braking. The paper investigates the effect of payload sequence on these forces referring to freight trains for intermodal transportation. A simplified trainset model is developed to predict the maximum buffer forces during emergency braking, for a set of 500 trains generated with random payload distribution. An optimisation algorithm developed for combinatorial problems is then applied to change the payload sequence on each train so that buffer forces are minimised. Optimised train sequences are then inputted into a more accurate model for longitudinal trainset dynamics, showing that a proper wagon arrangement can decrease buffer forces by more than 40%. The analysis also provided general guidelines for optimising wagon sequence.


This paper applies the regional convergence hypothesis of economic growth based on the neoclassical model. During the period 1970-2000, Mexico shows state convergence in per capita income conditional on the fundamental human capital variables. The study compares the results with previous studies in Mexico, The United States, Canada and Europe.


In plants,polyamines are not only involved in the growth and development processes,but also in adaptive responses to environmental stresses.In this review,the metabolic pathways involved in polyamine biosynthesis,transport and degradation are discussed.The methods about the polyamine function analysis in plants are described.The recent development in the metabolism and functions of polyamines,and envisages the prospect of development are summarized in this paper.


Background: Self-medication is a universal phenomenon and is practiced globally with varied frequency. In several studies, it has been found that the potential disadvantage of self-medication is a waste of resources, increased resistance to pathogens, and causes serious health hazards such as adverse reactions and prolonged suffering. This study aimed to estimate the practice and factors associated with self-medication among the urban general population. Subjects and Method: This community based cross-sectional study was conducted among gene¬ral population of Amreli city, Gujarat, India from February to November 2022. A total of 110 sub¬jects were include in this study. The dependent variable is self-medication practice. The inde¬pendent variables are education, occupation, economic class. Data were collected by face-to-face interview using a semi-structured questionnaire with a recall period of 6 months' experiences in 110 houses. Statistical analysis was done using Jamovi software. Results: Upper socio-economic class (OR= 1.74; 95% CI= 1.05 to 2.90; p= 0.031), highly educated (OR= 0.58; 95% CI= 0.41 to 0.83; p= 0.003) more likely to do self-medication than the lower socio-economic class and low education. Conclusion: Upper socio-economic and high education improve self-medication. Keywords: Self-medication, urban, reasons, adverse effects.


1Abstract — For robotic manipulators that are redundant or with high degrees of freedom, an analytical solution to the inverse kinematics is very difficult or impossible. As alternative approaches, neural networks and optimal search methods have been widely used for inverse kinematics modeling and control in robotics. This paper presents a first analytical solution to the inverse kinematics of a widely used robotic arm (Pioneer 2 robotic arm), which, combined with an optimal search method, provides an effective solution to the modeling and control of the Pioneer 2 robotic arm. Keywords: Inverse kinematics, manipulator control, modeling and control, optimization, robotic arm. I. I


This paper argues that a transportation stimulus package that is advocated by many members of Congress would be costly and would not stimulate private spending, as is claimed by the proponents of the stimulus package. The author suggests that the relationship between economic activity and spending on infrastructure is very moderate, takes a long time to appear and is not worth the wait.


Reference to the safety problem occurred in the computer network, the network safety technology taking firewall, password technology, authendcation and information transmitting server,double disk network switch, network switch as main measures, in both of physical and non-physical isolation are discussed.The safe network lessons are provided.


Nonlinear electromagnetic waves in a ferromagnet in the presence of an external magnetic field are investigated by using a nonlinear perturbation method. In the lowest order of perturbation, it is found that the system of equations for the electromagnetic waves in a ferromagnet can be reduced to the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation. In the case of steady propagation this equation can be integrated to give a solution in closed form, which exhibits a solitary wave. Two kinds of solitary wave are found to be possible.


A new method of calculating the absolute spectral density of a Hamiltonian operator is derived and discussed. The spectral density is expressed as the solution of an integral equation in which the kernel is a renormalized one‐sided energy correlation function of the full microcanonical density operator and a microcanonical density operator for a reference Hamiltonian. The integral operator associated with this equation transforms a known spectral density function for the reference Hamiltonian into the spectral density of the full Hamiltonian. The integral equation, by virtue of its formulation in energy space, is inherently one‐dimensional and offers no storage difficulties, and the elements of its kernel may be computed by applying the Lanczos algorithm to randomly selected eigenfunctions of the reference Hamiltonian. This spectral density correlation method offers a number of advantages over variational methods. In particular, it has the potential for overcoming the hitherto largely insurmountable probl...


Extra-terrestrial exploration and development missions of the next century will require reliable, low-mass power generation modules of 100 kW and more. These modules will be required to support both fixed-base and manned rover/explorer power needs. Low insolation levels at and beyond Mars and long periods of darkness on the moon make solar conversion less desireable for surface missions. For these missions, a closed Brayton cycle energy conversion system coupled with a reactor heat source is a very attractive approach. The authors conducted detailed parametric studies to assess optimized system design trends for nuclear Brayton systems as a function of operating environment and user requirements. The inherent design flexibility of the closed Brayton cycle energy conversion system permits ready adaptation of the system to future design constraints. This paper describes a dramatic contrast between system designs requiring man-rated radiation shielding and systems requiring instrument-rated shielding. The paper also considers the ramifications of using indigenous materials to provide reactor shielding for a fixed-bass power source.


C of Preceptors.—Incorporated in 1849, by Royal Charter, "for the purpose of promoting sound learning and of advancing the interests of Education, more especially among the middle classes." All persons engaged in education are admissible as Members of the College ; and Gentlemen desirous of joining it, or of promoting its objects, may obtain all necessary information, together with the revised Regulations for the Examination of the Pupils of Schools in Union with the College, on application at the Offices, 42, Queen Square, Bloomsbury, W.C. JOHN ROBSON, B.A., Secretary.


The local structure theory (G utowitz et al. ISJ) is an analyt ica l method for the determination of t he statistical properties of cellu lar automaton evolution. In this paper we develop the local structure theory for mult i-dimens ional E uclidean lattices. The local st ructure t heory for t he Game of Life (1) is st udied in detail. Some statistica l properties of this cellular automato n are well approximated by a low orde r th eor y.


Expounded by the author in the present paper were the basic theory ,t he working process and the key tech-nology of the technology of CBR-based vari ant design.And on the basis of it,the author set up"the vari-ant design sy stem of the automobile chassis".Through its practices in the course of the cha ssis develop-ment,the design cycle of the chassis was shortened and the develo pment ability was greatly enhanced.


Introduction Diagnostics of Apocalyptic variant of end-world Delusion with Religious Content (ADRC) in schizophrenia is related with insufficient exploration and recognizability, despite the severity of the state, social risks and resistance to psychopharmacotherapy. Objectives To define psychopathological and phenomenological features of ADRC in schizophrenia, to identify the clinical dynamics of delusional disorders due to specifics of the delusional behavior, and to develop diagnostic and prognostic criteria. Methods 28 patients with ADRC in schizophrenia were examined (ICD-10: F20.0, F20.01, F20.02). Clinical-psychopathological and statistical methods were applied. Results Delusional ideas of end-world, Apocalyptic variant, occurred in the structure of affective-delusional state (acute sensual delusion with fantastic content). Two types of ADRC were identified: with the predominance of acute sensory delusions of perception and with the predominance of visual-figurative delusions of the imagination. These types differed in the severity and depth of psychotic manifestations and in the specifics of a delusion formation, were characterized by the mono- or polythematic delusional disorders. Conclusions Cases of ADRC differ both in the clinical-psychopathological specifics of delusional constructions, and in the socio-behavioral aspect. Among these cases, there is a high risk of delusional destructive behavior, with auto-aggressive, suicidal attempts and hetero-aggressive behavior. In cases with ADRC the strong persistence of delusional pseudo-religious beliefs occurs, with the refusal of any medical and psychological assistance, as well as implication of socially dangerous acts associated with the spread of delusional ideas and their induction of religiously inclined persons, which leads to the emergence of pathological pseudoreligiosity (distortion of traditional canonical religious views). Disclosure No significant relationships.


The basic technology for a production system represented by design, machining, assembly, and inspection, is machining technology such as CNC machine tools. etc. Direct Numerical Control, that effeciently manages NC programs is developing into Distributed Numerical Control that increases the utilization of the machining cell. It has the ability of monitoring and control, in real time, for CNC and periperial equipment. In this study, we develop a Distributed Numerical Control system that has real time and multitasking operation capability for the machining cell with various CNC's. With the consideration of economy, generalization and extension, the system is interfaced with CNC machine tools and periperial device using RS-485 network and RS-232C communication methods.


Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems are the leading technology in the world related to Neurosciences. Human intelligence and imagination have no bounds and this has led to vast advancement in BCI systems related to Neurological and allied sciences. This system measures the activity of the Central Nervous System (CNS) using biosignals and output is called Electroencephalography (EEG). The main purpose of BCI is to acquire EEG brain signals, identify patterns, extract features, and produce resultant actions. This process communicates with a modest electronic system designed for movements of physically challenged or paralyzed people. The purpose of this BCI system is to design a model to check the attention level of body movement. The movements are based on the EEG signals captured from the 19-electrode EEG headset. This allows gaining control over optimized real-time feature selection for EEG signals. The dataset of 30 subjects' sample EEG signals is recorded for classification and analysis purpose. The EEG signals are classified using Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, and Random Forest algorithms. It is shown that Random Forest is the most efficient classifier with the highest accuracy of 99.47%.


A slow clotting dysfibrinogen with delayed anodal immunoelectrophoretic mobility and impaired fibrinopeptide A release has been identified in a patient with recurrent portal vein and deep venous thrombosis. Affected family members tested in the initial screening were asymptomatic. The proband's father died of pulmonary embolism at age 44 years and had mesenteric thrombosis at necropsy. The association of a plasma protein abnormality with visceral thrombosis is unusual and has never been observed previously with a dysfibrinogen. The qualitative abnormality is transmitted as an autosomal codominant and is tentatively designated, fibrinogen Irvine.


Abstract The volatiles from ripe fruits of karaka, Corynocarpus laevigatus J.R et G. Forst. (Corynocarpaceae) were analysed by combined head-space gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The major volatiles included acetaldehyde; ethanol; and the esters methyl acetate, ethyl acetate methyl 2-methylbutanoate, and ethyl 2-methylbutanoate. Ethylene was detected in only trace quantities. The ethyl ester of butanoic acid was a major contributor to the distinctive smell of the ripe fruit.


In order to improve the vacuum and suction capacity of the water jet vacuum pump,and to use it correctly,through analyzing the working principle of the water jet vacuum pump,combining with practical problems in installation,the paper put forward some problems should be concerned in the installation of the water jet vacuum pump from the size of connecting pipe of the vacuum tube and the length of tail pipe.


We consider the Schwinger-Dyson equation for the fermion propagator in quantum chromodynamics in the infrared region. In two different gauges, the axial and covariant gauges, and on the assumption that the gluon propagator has a power infrared asymptotic behavior we find that a massive solution for the fermion Green function may be obtained with certain mass values. At the same time the infrared asymptotic behavior of the gluon propagator in the gauges considered must have the form 1/(k/sup 2/)/sup 2/. A possible interpretation of the results is discussed in application to the problem of a dynamical origin of the quark masses.


Although the currently most popular concept of species and speciation is described as a "synthetic" or "biological" one, it is a population-genetic concept in its essence, since it was in its terms that the synthesis of Darwinian natural selection and Mendelian genetics was realized (Chetverikov, 1926; Fisher, 1930; Haldane, 1932; Dobzhansky, 1937; Huxley, 1942). The basic postulate of this viewpoint is well-known: evolution is a continuous adaptive process of substitution of alleles of polymorphic loci, resulting in gradual divergence of geographically separated populations up to the species level. Reproductive isolation, an important criterion of species, is viewed in this model as only a by-product of such differentiation. However, the results of recent studies in biochemical population genetics and comparative genetics of species permit another hypothesis to be formulated: speciation is not a gradual process of changes expressed in terms of gene frequency dynamics but a qualitatively different phenomenon related to a rapid rearrangement of that part of the genome which is marked by the functionally most important monomorphic loci. The purpose of the present paper is to argue in favor of this viewpoint, resting on the results of our recent studies of natural and experimental populations. Our model of speciation is consonant with Carson's (1975) concepts although it is based on other facts and observations. The following points will be considered: 1. historically formed population systems and their potential evolutionary transformation; 2. genetic monomorphism of species as a real natural phenomenon; and 3. speciation as a saltational process related to rearrangement of the monomorphic part of the genome. Since many publications in the Russian language are apparently unfamiliar to the readers of Evolution I shall deviate slightly from the traditional presentation of material and give a broader account of several earlier works.


The author analyses The Old Axolotl, a short novel by Jacek Dukaj. The writer creates a cosmic catastrophe in order to show contemporary ways and concepts to create one's self and methods of defining humanity. Men no longer have physical bodies, they exist in machines and have to create their own new civilization. This situation enables Dukaj to diagnose our beliefs, images and ideas of what is human or non-human. However, he is not so optimistic. Dukaj's novel is full of ambivalence when it comes to Reason and technology, which would establish the new post-human world.


AbstractThe World Bank is increasingly at the forefront of housing reconstruction in countries affected by disasters. Yet, the literature on the World Bank's postdisaster housing projects is rather thin. This paper examines the postdisaster housing reconstruction processes of two disaster projects financed by the World Bank in India and Turkey following the 2001 Gujarat and 1999 Marmara earthquakes. Based on interviews, focus groups, participant observation, and a review of secondary sources, the authors focus on the Bank-related factors that affected the housing recovery processes and outcomes. While acknowledging the role of the recipient governments of India and Turkey in housing recovery, the authors argue that the housing reconstruction components of both projects reflected a sense of urgency about completion in part because of the Bank's emergency recovery loan mechanism and measures of project success. In addition, the projects were not flexible enough to allow for addressing the challenges faced d...


Objective: To investigate the effect of PDLLA or PDLLA/TCP composite on mandibular defect reparation.Methods: The model of mandibular defect was created in sixty Wistar rats.Twenty defects were filled with PDLLA/TCP composite;twenty were filled with pure PDLLA;the others were filled with nothing——-as the control group.The clinical observation,X ray photography,histological observation were taken at the 2nd,4th,8th,12th,16th week after mandibular defect filled with PDLLA or its composite.Results: All rats recovered well.Local inflammation was found in control group at 2nd week after operation and recovered later.The histological study showed that osteoblasts and fibroblasts were more active in test group in the early healing stage than in the control.The filled materials were divided into several parts by new fibro tissues.Large numbers of new bone islands were observed in the defect areas of test group.Conclusion: Both pure PDLLA and PDLLA/TCP composite can repair rats mandibular bone defect.Bone grows faster in PDLLA/TCP composite group than in the pure PDLLA group.


This paper addresses the integration of services in the Internet and the resulting impact on pricing policies. I rst address why an integrated services Internet is desirable , and give an overview of the services it is likely to ooer. I then argue that an integrated services Internet, in order to be eecient, must employ per-user, quality-of-service sensitive, and usage-based pricing policies.


The Key for the successful software repeatable business lies with on time delivery of the projects within budget. During implementation of software projects, many schedule and cost related conflicts will arise between project managers and all other stake holders including team members, customers, senior management. Schedule related conflicts arising because of lack of trust whether the project will be delivered on time or not, lack of empowerment for team members to complete their individual deliverables, changing scope by customers after freezing requirements etc. Cost related conflicts arising during project implementation if project manager not publishing the cost baselines and cost variances of the project to all stakeholders, not preparing correct cost estimations and because of lack of senior management's on time approvals on project costs. To resolve these, Project Manager should be in regular contact with customers, senior management and other stake holders by publishing correct project baselines and variances in different phases of the project to all stake holders. The present study has been conducted to understand the perception of schedule and cost related conflicts in various software industries located in Hyderabad and why they are arising and their resolution methodologies and how these are interrelated with each other.


INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to identify the prevalence of addiction and the risk of addiction to electronic games in adolescents monitored at the Pediatric Service of a university hospital in Distrito Federal. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study carried out with adolescents aged 10 to 19 years, using a questionnaire of 10 multiple-choice questions, which aim to assess dependency in 5 dimensions in relation to "compulsive gaming". Were also evaluated: sociodemographic data (age, sex, education and grade repetition) and game usage parameters (frequency of weekly gaming, daily game time). The questionnaire was applied in 4 months and the statistical analyzes were performed by the SAS 9.4 application. p <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: 114 adolescents were interviewed, with a median age of 15 years. The majority (71%) reported using some type of electronic game as a recreation, of which 62.1% were boys. The prevalence of dependence was 3.51% and the risk of dependency was 9.65%, with the dimension "time restriction" being the most frequent with 42.9%. Only schooling showed a significant association with the occurrence of the risk of dependency (RP = 6,16, IC 95%: 1,48; 25,65; p = 0,0125). DISCUSSION: Even with some limitations, the study stands out for being able to demonstrate a prevalence of dependence on electronic games in a convenience sample similar to the one found in the literature, as well as to draw an epidemiological profile of risk factors for the dependence of the interviewed patients.


This study was done to test two hypotheses. First, to see if attitudes towards the elderly are significantly different between two groups of subjects, over 30 and under 30 years of age. Second, to determine if there exists a significant correlation between age and attitudes toward the elderly. Of the two hundred surveys sent out, 118 were returned. Group 1, subjects under 30, consisted of 59 subjects. Group 2, subjects over 30, also consisted of 59 subjects. An attitude toward aging scale was sent out. Items were individually scored. The t value for the first test run was t = 1.66, which was shown to be significant at p ≤ .10. The Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient was run for the second test. The correlation obtained was r = -0.175, which was shown to be significant at p ≤ .05. These results suggest a relationship between the variables of age and attitudes toward the aged.


The genetic events that give rise to ovarian adenocarcinoma are poorly understood, nor is it known whether the benign, low malignant potential (LMP) and malignant tumors represent a continuum. This study reports K-ras mutation and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis in 116 tumors, including benign and LMP tumors, on twelve chromosomes chosen mainly because they contain candidate suppressor genes. The data were analyzed with respect to clinicopathological information. The highest rates of LOH were on chromosomes 17 and 18. With the exception of chromosomes 2 and X, all the others were deleted in 25-50% of tumors. Significant associations were found between LOH on chromosomes 7 and 9p, and between chromosomes 5, 17 and 18. LOH was observed in benign and LMP tumors on chromosomes 7 and 9, and homozygous deletions of markers at 9p21 were detected in 2/10 ovarian tumor cell lines. The target of the 9p deletions is likely to be the MTS1/p16 cdk4 inhibitor gene and mutation analysis is under way. A single tumor had a rearrangement of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 locus on chromosome 7 but deletion mapping indicates that this may not be the target of chromosome 7 LOH. K-ras mutations were detected inmore » nine tumors, and were significantly more common in LMP than in malignant tumors. A preliminary genetic model for ovarian tumorigenesis in presented based on these and published data. This model proposes that LMP and malignant tumors arise independently in benign neoplasms in which LOH of chromosomes 7 and 9 has occurred. LMP tumors then develop following activation of the K-ras oncogene, while malignant tumors arise from inactivation of p53 and many other tumor suppressor genes.« less


The development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) requires an understanding of the interindividual variability (IIV) in pharmacokinetics (PK) at the population level facilitated by population PK (PopPK) modelling. However, there is no clear rationale for selecting which covariates to screen during PopPK model development. Here, we compare the effect of covariates on PK parameters for mAbs in oncology and identify the most commonly used covariates affecting PK parameters.


As one of the basic principles in communicative language teaching (CLT), Information-gap Principle (IGP) is also attached great importance to by some college English teachers nowadays in China. This paper has concentrated on expounding the roles of IGP in college English teaching (CET). The Information-gap Principle plays an important role and its application in promoting English langue skills in CET should not be ignored by college teachers. Keywords—Information-gap Principle; college English teaching; communicative language teaching


We studied oribatid mite diversity in two sites of virgin Pleistocene forests in Borjom-Kharagauli National Park in Georgia. The aim was to explore the effects of microhabitat and tree species on the composition and the relative abundance of oribatid mites. Investigations revealed high species richness (96 species in total) with community composition varying according to the microhabitat type. Carabodes tenuis Forsslund, 1953 was registered for the first time for Caucasian fauna. Soil and canopy (twig)-dwelling oribatid communities comprises rather distinctive groups unlike moss and litter. No difference was observed between moss and litter dweller mites. One species, Camisia horrida (Hermann, 1804), was found only in canopy samples, but was very rare. Poroliodes farinosus (C.L. Koch, 1840), Carabodes labyrinthicus (Michael, 1879) and Phauloppia rauschensis (Sellnick, 1908) were found frequently in canopy habitats, with P. rauschensis abundant on tree twigs and almost absent from forest floor. The presence of beech trees ( Fagus orientalis Lipsky) was correlated with the number of species per site. The results showed that geographic distance between sites is an important determinant in oribatid community composition and can have stronger effects than a microhabitat type.


Theories and models of online learning at home, work, school, and university. Analysis, design, and development of e-learning courses and systems. Future societal and economic impacts of learning at a distance.


In the current debate about the environmental situation we are in, many organizations are trying to decrease their climate effect. One way can be to reduce the amount of travels by increasing t ...


Vacuum ultraviolet photolysis of water ice in the first absorption band was studied at 157 nm. Translational and internal energy distributions of the desorbed species, O((1)D) and OH(v=0,1), were directly measured with resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization method. Two different mechanisms are discussed for desorption of electronically excited O((1)D) atoms from the ice surface. One is unimolecular dissociation of H(2)O to H(2)+O((1)D) as a primary photoprocess. The other is the surface recombination reaction of hot OH radicals that are produced from photodissociation of hydrogen peroxide as a secondary photoprocess. H(2)O(2) is one of the major photoproducts in the vacuum ultraviolet photolysis of water ice.


As a result of aggressive technology scaling, gate leakage (gate oxide direct tunneling) has become a major component of total power dissipation. Use of dielectrics of higher permittivity (dual-K) or use of silicon dioxide of higher thicknesses (dual-T) is being considered as methods for its reduction. This paper presents a comparative view of dual dielectric and dual thickness low leakage design techniques from a behavioral synthesis perspective. An algorithm is presented for the gate leakage current reduction that does simultaneous scheduling, allocation and binding during behavioral synthesis while accounting for process variations. The algorithm minimizes the gate leakage for given time constraints. We performed experiments for a number of benchmark circuits using a 45nm CMOS technology datapath library. We obtained gate leakage reduction as high as 95% for the dual-K (SiO2 and Si3 N4) and 91% for the dual-T (1.4 nm and 1.7 nm) approaches. It is observed that the dual-K approach outperformed the dual-T approach for all benchmark circuits


How did the European Union cope with the unforeseen pandemic ongoing since February 2020? The essay analyses the period between the pandemic outbreak and the European Council held on 17-21 July 2020. The focus is on three key-words: Borders, especially in the Schengen Area, the different meanings of the European solidarity, the traditional and perhaps novel shapes of cross-compliance. © 2020 Societa Editrice il Mulino. All rights reserved.


This chapter focuses on John Wesley Gilbert's undergraduate studies at Brown University from 1886 to 1888. The chapter examines the previous experiences of black students Inman Page and George Washington Milford at Brown, along with Gilbert's choice of the school. The chapter explores his housing situation on campus and the reaction of fellow students to his presence, his coursework with Greek professor Albert Harkness and other instructors, and his growing involvement in the black community of Providence, Rhode Island. The chapter pays special attention to Gilbert's relationship with Harkness, who was one of the most noted classical scholars in the United States as well as a leading figure in the establishment of the new American School of Classical Studies at Athens (American School or ASCSA). The chapter culminates with Gilbert's hiring at Paine Institute in early 1888, a decision made by Paine's interracial board of trustees in spite of objections from a white faculty member at Paine.


We describe transfer carbonylation reactions of 2-bromoarenes that contain a carbon-nucleophile using aldehydes as a substitute for CO, leading to the formation of indanone derivatives. The transformation proceeds efficiently under Rh(I)/Pd(0)-hybrid catalytic conditions consisting of two discrete transition metals, rhodium and palladium, which catalyze the decarbonylation of aldehydes and the subsequent carbonylation of bromoarenes using the resulting carbonyl moiety, respectively. The majority of the abstracted CO is transferred directly to the product via a CO-relay process from rhodium to palladium.


BACKGROUND Intrapancreatic accessory spleen (IPAS) mimics a pancreatic neoplasm on imaging studies, and due to the lack of radiological diagnostic criteria, patients undergo unnecessary distal pancreatectomies. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is a reliable and efficient diagnostic modality for pancreatic diseases. However, no EUS criteria have been established for IPAS. We present the EUS-elastography image of IPAS, which may minimize the chance of misdiagnosis in the future. which neuroendocrine be EUS-elastography.


The high cost of library preparation remains a major obstacle to sequencing large numbers of individual genomes. Illumina's proprietary tagmentation technology allows for rapid and easy preparation of sequencing libraries, but remains prohibitively expensive for many users. Here we propose a modified version of the protocol, which uses Illumina reagents at 1/20th the scale. We show that the scaled-down protocol performs comparably to that of the manufacturer on a non-model insect genome. Surprisingly, the scaled-down protocol also produced 14% fewer PCR duplicates that the full-scale protocol. Since PCR duplicates effectively wasted redundant data, our protocol presented here can help save not just library preparation costs, but sequencing costs as well. Introduction Genome sequencing costs continue to drop exponentially as a result of new and improved platforms, with the barrier for the $1000 human genome already broken (van Dijk et al., 2014). It is becoming possible to go beyond the single genome, into the genomics of whole populations. Population genomics can be cost-effective, since low-coverage sequencing of genomes can provide accurate inference of ancestry, demographics, selection, and phylogenetic relationships (Fumagalli et al., 2013; Skotte, Korneliussen & Albrechtsen, 2013; Tin, Economo & Mikheyev, 2014; Mikheyev et al., 2015; Vieira et al., 2016). Furthermore, if hundreds or thousands of numbers of genomes are sequenced, even at low depth, they can be used to computationally impute phase, and fill-in sporadically missing data (Browning & Browning, 2009). While sequencing costs make these developments possible, there remains an important obstacle – the cost of preparing sequencing libraries. By contrast with genome sequencing technology, where platforms proliferate, there are far fewer ways to create genome sequencing libraries. Available from a range of manufacturers, most commercial kits rely on DNA shearing and adaptor ligation, reactions where chemistry is mature and further dramatic reduction in price is unlikely. DNA tagmentation represents a major advance in the preparation of Illumina sequencing libraries, relying on a transposase to simultaneously fragment DNA and insert sequencing adaptors (Adey et al., 2010). Tagmentation is rapid, straightforward to carry out, and requires nanogram-scale DNA input. Unfortunately, this technology is proprietary to Illumina under the "Nextera" brand, and remains prohibitively expensive for large numbers of samples. Though a "do it yourself" protocol has been published (Picelli et al., 2014), it requires substantial protein purification skills, and rigorous quality control on the part of the user to ensure reproducibility. The most obvious solution to the high cost of Nextera kits is diluting the reaction volume to a fraction of manufacturer's recommendation. This approach has been proposed for sequencing microbial genomes (Lamble et al., 2013; Baym et al., 2015). However, how well dilution performs on eukaryotic genomes, which are orders of magnitude larger, is unknown (Baym et al., 2015). Likewise, its performance compared to full-scale kits is also unknown. Here we propose a further modification of the Nextera XT protocol, which uses 1/20th-scale reactions (Figure 1). We validate this protocol using a non-model eukaryotic genome, and PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2475v1 | CC BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 23 Sep 2016, publ: 23 Sep 2016 show that it produces comparable, or better performance than the the manufacturer's protocol, at a small fraction of the total price. Materials and Methods DNA extraction normalization. DNA was extracted from 45 pharaoh ant thoraxes (Monomorium pharaonis) using QIAamp DNA Micro Kit (Qiagen) following the manufacturer's instructions. The genome of this ant is roughly 300 megabases long (Mikheyev & Linksvayer, 2015). The samples contained equal numbers of worker, queen and male castes. The castes vary in body size by a factor of ten, but DNA concentration was normalized to 0.5 ng/μl using PicoGreen® (Invitrogen). Our lab's internal protocol for this assay can be found at (http://ecoevo.unit.oist.jp/site/methods), which closely follows the manufacturer's instructions. Scaled-down and control reactions. Libraries for 15 randomly selected samples (5 from each caste) were prepared using the full-scale Illumina XT protocol up to the "Size selection" step below. For the rest of the samples, tagmentation and PCR amplification was carried out as follows. Tagmentation. After thawing reagents on ice, tagmentation was carried out by mixing together 0.5μl TD buffer, 0.25μl each of DNA and ATM buffer in one PCR tube, while ensuring no bubbles form. After a brief centrifugation, the reaction was incubated in a thermocycler at 55°C, followed by a 10°C hold. Finally the reaction was neutralized using 0.25μl of the NT buffer, mixed in by repeated pipetting. PCR amplification. To the tagmentation reaction (1.25μl) we added 0.25μl each Index 1 and 2 primers, and 0.75μl NPM for a total volume of 2.5μl, again making sure that there are no bubbles, and spinning down the reaction before placing it in the thermocycler. The PCR was carried out with the following conditions: 72°C for 3 minutes, then 95°C for 30 seconds, then 12 cycles with denaturation at 95°C for 10 seconds, annealing at 55°C for 30 seconds, and elongation at 75°C for 10 seconds. The reaction was terminated by a final extension at 72°C for 30 seconds and a 10°C hold. Size selection. Double solid phase reversible immobilization (dSPRI) allows for reliable size selection of sequencing libraries (Rodrigue et al., 2010). The current protocol closely follows that of Tin et al. (2015), but with lower volumes to accommodate smaller inputs. It requires advance preparation of several stock solutions: (1) two polyethylene glycol (PEG) stocks (13% and 13.5% PEG 6000 dissolved in ultrapure water, 0.9M NaCl and 10mM Tris-HCL, pH 6), (2) 70% aqueous ethanol (EtOH) with 10mM Tris-HCL, pH6 (not more than a week old). The dSPRI procedure was carried out as follows: 1. PCR reaction was adjusted to a total volume of 5μl with water. 2. 10μl of 13% PEG was added and mixed by pipetting. 3. 1μl of Dynabeads® MyOne Carboxylic Acid, CA-Beads (Invitrogen) was added and mixed by vortexing or pipetting. 4. The reaction was incubated at room temperature for 10 minutes and spun down on a benchtop mini-centrifuge for half a second. 5. The reaction was placed on a magnet stand for 5 minutes, after which 15μl of supernatant was transferred to a new tube. PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.2475v1 | CC BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 23 Sep 2016, publ: 23 Sep 2016 6. 10μl of 13.5% PEG was added and mixed by pipetting. 7. 1μl of Dynabeads was added and mixed by vortexing or pipetting. 8. The reaction was incubated at room temperature for 5 minutes and spun down. 9. The reaction was placed on a magnet stand for 5 minutes. Steps 10 to 12 were all carried out on the stand. 10. Supernatant was discarded, and 50μl of 70% EtOH was added, followed by a 30 second incubation. 11. Ethanol was discarded and wash step repeated. 12. The beads were air dried for 5-10 minutes. Important note: Inexperienced users frequently over-dry the beads, leading to poor sample elution. Beads have reached the correct level of moisture when they change color from dark brown to light brown. 13. The tubes were removed from the magnetic stand, and 5 μl of EB buffer (Qiagen) was added, mixing by pipette. The mixture was incubated for 5 minutes. 14. The mixture was placed back on the magnetic stand for 5 minutes, after which the supernatant was removed.
 Library quality control, pooling and sequencing. DNA concentration of each sample was determined using PicoGreen®, and 2 ng of each sample was added to a common pool. We checked size distribution using a Bioanalyzer (Agilent) using a high sensitivity DNA chip, but an equivalent device may be used. Final concentration was checked using ddPCR prior to sequencing at the OIST Sequencing Center. Sequencing was carried out on one lane of an Illumina HiSeq 4000 in PE150 mode. Bioinformatic and statistical analysis. Reads were mapped to the M. pharaonis reference genome (V. 2.0) (Mikheyev & Linksvayer, 2015) using bowtie 2 with the default parameters (Langmead & Salzberg, 2012). Duplicates were detected using Picard tools' MarkDuplicates function. Other statistics, such as average insert size and the percentage of mapping reads, were directly computed from the read alignments. We used Kruskal-Wallis tests to compare small-scale vs. full-scale reactions.


Abstract. The atmospheric concentrations of gaseous HNO 3 , HCl and NH 3 and their relative salts have been measured during two field campaigns in the winter and in the summer of 2007 at Beijing (China), as part of CAREBEIJING (Campaigns of Air Quality Research in Beijing and Surrounding Region). In this study, annular denuder technique used with integration times of 2 and 24h to collect inorganic and soluble PM 2.5 without interferences from gas–particle and particle–particle interactions. The results were discussed from the standpoint of temporal and diurnal variations and meteorological effects. Fine particulate Cl − , NH 4 + and SO 4 2− exhibited distinct temporal variations, while fine particulate NO 3 − did not show much variation with respect to season. Daily mean concentrations of fine particulate NH 4 + and SO 4 2− were higher during summer (12.30 μg m −3 and 18.24 μg m −3 , respectively) than during winter (6.51 μg m −3 and 7.50 μg m −3 , respectively). Daily mean concentrations of fine particulate Cl − were higher during winter (2.94 μg m −3 ) than during summer (0.79 μg m −3 ), while fine particulate NO 3 − showed similar both in winter (8.38 μg m −3 ) and in summer (9.62 μg m −3 ) periods. The presence of large amounts of fine particulate NO 3 − even in summer are due to higher local and regional concentrations of NH 3 in the atmosphere available to neutralize H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 , which is consistent with the observation that the measured particulate species were neutralized. The composition of fine particulate matter indicated the domination of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 during winter and summer periods. In addition, the high relative humidity conditions in summer period seemed to dissolve a significant fraction of HNO 3 and NH 3 enhancing fine particulate NO 3 − and NH 4 + in the atmosphere. All measured particulate species showed diurnal similar patterns during the winter and summer periods with higher peaks in the early morning, especially in summer, when humid and stable atmospheric conditions occurred. These diurnal variations were affected by wind direction suggesting regional and local source influences. The fine particulate species were correlated with NO x and PM 2.5 , supporting the hypothesis that traffic may be also an important source of secondary particles.


Nearly all metals, with the exception of gold and platinum, will corrode in an oxidising environment forming compounds such as oxides, hydroxides and sulphides. The degradation of metals by corrosion is a universal reaction, caused by the simple fact that the oxide of a metal has a much lower energy than the metal itself. Hence there is a strong driving force for the oxidation of metals. For example the familiar metal aluminium, which is used in aircraft, window frames and cooking utensils, is attacked by oxygen to form the oxide as follows:


[1] David Eppstein, Giuseppe F. Italiano, Roberto Tamassia, Robert Endre Tarjan, Jeffery Westbrook, and Moti Yung. Corrigendum: Maintenance of a minimum spanning forest in a dynamic plane graph. J. Algorithms, 15(1), 1993. [2] Andrew V. Goldberg and Robert E. Tarjan. Finding minimum-cost circulations by successive approximation. Math. Oper. Res., 15(3):430–466, July 1990. [3] Jacob Holm, Kristian de Lichtenberg, and Mikkel Thorup. Poly-logarithmic deterministic fullydynamic algorithms for connectivity, minimum spanning tree, 2-edge, and biconnectivity. J. ACM, 48(4):723–760, 2001.


From questionnaire servery,this paper analyzes the status of service after selling of medical equipments,disˉcusses the problems and their causes,and puts forward the suggestions to solve the problems.


Lack of specific information may be one of the many reasons that make an individual rely on common knowledge, habits, similar previous experiences, religion or stereotypes when faced with a new decision. Culture encodes much of such information. Many differences in behavior are attributed to culture. It is not hard to see the need for a new approach to decision making that takes into account the cultural differences. The importance of taking into account these cultural differences manifests in many dimensions of software development and design. The topic is very novel among computer scientists and there is a rapidly growing body of literature on the cultural issues related to how people interact with computers but few have attempted to computationally model cultural decision making paradigm. Since this project shows such effort, the proposal's potential contribution is aimed at "Human and Social Dynamics" challenge area but its application can be beneficial for the ongoing research conducted in "Behavioral targeting and social network advertising" and "Computational Advertisement" groups at Yahoo. For example the calculation of the utility based on the culture of the consumers would be a good indicator of the desirability of an option for a consumer.


In recent years, there has been considerable investment in the use of observational data, including registry, electronic medical records, and insurance claimsbased databases, to complement randomized trials for evaluating medical therapies and devices. Observational analyses of therapeutic interventions have been used to assess treatment effectiveness in more broadly representative populations, provide longer duration of follow-up, and offer an opportunity for potential cost savings compared with prospective trials.1 However, these studies are not without limitations. In particular, the lack of random assignment of treatment as well as challenges in accurately characterizing treatment status can introduce hidden biases that impact the validity of study results.2 In the accompanying study, Krumme et al3 attempt to address a common limitation of observational studies evaluating the effectiveness of different medications: difficulty in accurately defining medication exposure leading to misclassification bias. As highlighted by the authors, traditional methods of defining medication exposure status have relied on the use of the landmark method, or by definition, a specific time point in which a patient is determined to either be on or off therapy. However, the use of a single time point may not accurately capture a patient's true exposure status, particularly when evaluating prescription medications.4 As such, the authors attempted to determine whether they could reduce the influence of exposure misclassification by altering how medication exposure was defined. To do so, the authors used the evaluation of prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) >12 months after coronary stenting as a test case. This example was chosen as a recent large randomized clinical trial, the Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Study,5 evaluated a similar question, whereas prior observational studies evaluating the long-term treatment effects of DAPT have used the landmark method to define exposure status.6 The authors studied a proprietary linked electronic health record and insurance database, which included pharmacy claims data, to compare 12 months of DAPT versus more prolonged therapy, and used similar inclusion and exclusion criteria as the Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Study. Starting with the landmark method, the authors applied increasingly restrictive criteria in an attempt to better identify a population of DAPT continuers and discontinuers. Results from each nested cohort were compared with that of the Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Study. In addition, the authors evaluated whether they achieved improvement in DAPT exposure status by assessing the proportion of days covered, or PDC, among continuers and discontinuers in the 12 to 18 month time period. We commend the authors for an elegantly performed analysis that raises the bar for defining treatment exposure status in future analyses. With each sequential set of restrictions, the authors were able to better define a population that were either Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes


Stephen R. (Steve) Locke is a Principal Consultant with DuPont and has over 40 years of turbomachinery and rotating equipment experience, is in the DuPont Engineering Technology Rotating Machinery Group and located at Old Hickory, Tennessee. For 30 years, Mr. Locke has been a corporate consultant on turbomachinery and process machinery on reliability improvements, retrofits, performance analysis, and for specification and startup of new equipment. In his first 10 years, he was an assistant to plant operations and maintenance for the startup of multiple large process compressors and other machinery and equipment. Mr. Locke received his BSME (1972) from Purdue University and is a member of ASME. He has presented lectures, case studies and tutorials at the Turbomachinery Symposia and represents DuPont on the Texas A&M Turbomachinery Research Consortium.


The aim of the study was to diagnose physiochemical, microbiological, sensorial changes and to differentiate the milk collection systems of the commercial milk market competitor during storage of twelve weeks. The parameters used for physicochemical analysis are; sedimentation, Solids Non Fats (SNF), fat and protein percentages, total titratable acidity and pH and for microbiological analysis; Total plate, coliform, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilus, Escherichia coli and spore forming bacterial count were determined. Color, taste and aroma were observed during storage. The results strongly reflect an increase in sedimentation value with the ice mixing or dilution before processing which disturbed the salt balance, protein charges and natural emulsion. There was increase in acidity and sedimentation of milk but pH, percentages of fat contents, SNF (Solids Non Fats) and proteins decreased during storage. The negative changes occurred in color, aroma and flavor with reference to these physiochemical changes. Microbial counts for coliforms (e.g. E.coli), Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and heat resistant spores forming bacteria were zero. These all factors collectively limited the shelf life of UHT milk.


Citizens' right of life and health is very important in our country's guarantee of human rights.The Ministry of Public Security has put forward"deadline for investigating homicide cases"based on the overall situation of reform,development and stability,as well as strengthening the governing ability construction of CPC.The prevention and investigation of homicide cases integrate,promote and unite each other,depending on and supplementing each other.They must combine with each other to better safeguard citizens' right of life and health.


With the increasing degree of catering market segmentation,catering o perations compete more and more intensely and the sales of food and beverage pro ducts have become increasingly difficult.The level of marketing,a new marketin g idea,has aroused concerns in the food industries as a means to meet the in-de pth demands of tourism consumers,to establish the differentiation advantage in catering enterprises and to improve the competitiveness in the market.Analysis of the connotation and advantages of the level marketing strategy,major problem s are supposed to be of found in the catering marketing strategy and further res earch from markets,products and marketing mix will be made.


presents in a similar pattern as nodal uptake as in our case. Moreover, hibernomas demonstrate uptake values similar to those described for liposarcomas, and thus biopsy is required to exclude a malignant etiology. Accurate assessment is crucial because misinterpretation could lead to inappropriate therapeutic approaches like unnecessary invasive staging and diagnostic procedures or follow-up imaging with additional radiation exposure. Although hibernoma would not normally be subject to CT–PET scanning, in the setting of a known malignancy and routine oncologic follow-up, it can lead to a false-positive diagnosis of metastasis. This diagnosis should therefore be taken into consideration in FDG avid masses of the soft tissues during oncologic follow-up.


In this work, we analyzed the interactions between copper and selenium (Cu-Se) atoms in the second stage of a co-evaporation growth process of copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) material, through computational simulation. To achieve this conditions, we used Molecular Dynamics method (MD) via the open access code LAMMPS, reproducing the thermodynamic phenomena occurring in the deposition process. We built different models in concordance to the information found in repositories for the interatomic Morse potential between Cu and Se. As a part of results, we obtained 24 samples of interactions, with different temperatures and cutoff radius. We found that the improvement of the Cu-Se interactions occurred at values of 2.5 cutoff radius and 550 K temperature, since it was observed a more stable interaction at the interface.


Abstract Through nanotechnology, it is now possible to cost‐effectively and reproducibly create and develop useful small particles for applications in the pharmaceutical, medical, chemical, and engineering fields. In the pharmaceutical field, cost‐effective, reproducible, and scalable processes to engineer cell‐ or tissue‐targeted nanoparticles are sought to deliver potent drugs as new therapies. A natural and spontaneous method to engineer nanoparticles has been developed through the use of microemulsions whereby the dispersed phase droplets serve as "nanotemplates" to directly form stable nanoparticles. The present review will serve to provide an overview of the challenges and opportunities in developing ideal nanoparticulate carrier systems and the use of microemulsion precursors to engineer nanoparticles. An overview will be presented on our work in targeting surface‐modified nanoparticles to (1) dendritic cells for potential new types of genetic and subunit protein vaccines, and (2) solid tumors for potential neutron capture therapy (NCT) using gadolinium.


The effect of different harvesting dates on the chemical composition of raw ramie fiber was probed. It was found that the wax,water-solubles,pectin,hemicellulose content would increase and the lignin content would decrease before harvest dates,but no obvious difference for total gum observed.Harvesting 25days ahead of tranditional harvest date for second harvest would upgrade the fiber fineness from 1195 to 2059,better the fiber quality,alleviate the burden of degumning and also relieve the sense of itching.


The influence of the dimension of seed crystal on the characteristics of crystal growth from solution under microgravity is studied. The dimensionless average velocity of fluid Vav, the dimensionless maximum velocity of fluid Vmax, the temperature distribution index Sθ, the concentration distribution index S and the dimensionless average growth rate of crystal cg are calculated by only taking into account the variation of the solution density caused by the temperature change, that caused by the concentration change being neglected. In certain regions of the parameter (Ra, Pr, Sc and μ) space, some scaling laws are generated: the scales of S and cg are given by power functions of μ with negative exponents. It is shown that the characteristics of crystal growth for small seed crystal are different from those for large seed crystal.


Tonga is a small island nation in the Pacific. While it has been COVID free, it is susceptible to many natural disasters, such as the recent Tsunami and earthquake. Resilience is a fundamental requirement of the Tongan education system which has been partially addressed with accelerated use of technology and open, distance, and online learning, broadening access to quality education. // Supported by a grant from the Global Partnership for Education (GPE), the Tonga Ministry of Education and Training (MET) partnered with Inclusiv Education, UNICEF, Save the Children Australia, and Kaltura. The MET took an evidence-based approach. Two National school closure days were trialled to evaluate the viability of multimodal teaching approaches during future school closures brought about by Covid-19 or other emergencies. // In this way Tonga has now started to build a resilient education system, addressing issues of learning loss due to school closures and increasing equitable access to technology for teaching and learning. // This paper reports on the National level educational resilience project implemented in 2021, based on the research carried out in 2020, to deliver a comprehensive multimodal and flexible approach to education, encompassing print, radio, television and online delivery.


Student's learning is very important part and definitely it is require that student's attentiveness during learning is very much required. This is possible only when a teacher teaching in the class identifies. But, Time changed many things; COVID19 takes an educational system to a new turn. During online class interaction of teachers and students has became very weak in comparison with face to face learning. The only way to understand student's attention in class is by their speech and facial expressions emotion's recognition. Success may be achieved through driving the learner's attention during online class. In this paper, an innovative approach for video/ image analysis for real time facial expressions is developed, so as to recognize the quality of understanding and active involvement of the attendees in learning and teaching process. This study will help to improve the quality of services in various teaching, trainings, mentoring and consultation which improve and act as a solution to normal feedback procedure of pen and paper method. This system will help both teachers and learners to improve their way of teaching and learning through calculated Concentration Index.


ABSTRACT Preventive maintenance (PM) scheduling of units is addressed as a crucial issue that effects on both economy and reliability of power systems. In this paper, we describe an application of statistical analysis for determining the best PM strategy in the case of parallel, series, and single-item replacement systems. A key aspect of industrial maintenance is the trade-off between cost and time of performing PM operations. The goals of this study is to determine the best time for performing PM operations in each system and also finding the number of spare parts and facilities in single-item replacement and parallel systems respectively so that the average cost per unit time is minimized. In this proposed maintenance strategy, PM operations are regularly performed on the production unit in equal time intervals. Finally, three examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed models.


The collection of letters written by Raden Adjeng Kartini is the only written document regarding the issue of women in Indonesia's history before the time of independence, so it is not surprising that Kartini has been appreciated as the heroine of Indonesian women emancipation. However, the topic of gender equality is only one of several main ideas written by Kartini in her letters. The great effort over women's rights is an important point for Kartini, but that issue is really only a minor aspect of her broader concerns: the Indonesian human rights. The issue of humanism is the basic theme of all the issues raised by Kartini in her letters, such as fight against slavery and drug abuse. Kartini's ideas remain relevant to the present situation. Continuing Kartini's effort means learning and developing her idea: fight for humanitarian aspects of the Indonesian nation. This study used a qualitative approach, This study used a qualitative study approach. The primary method of data collection is document analysis, based on analysis of a collection of letters written by Kartini.


Against the background of the European Commission's reform plans of the Stability and Growth Pact, this paper uses NiGEM to simulate the macroeconomic implications of re-applying the fiscal rules in 2024. Next to returning to the unreformed rules, the most prominent options include an expenditure rule. Our results indicate that re-applying the unreformed rules leads to severe cuts in public spending. An expenditure rule would, however, not necessarily alleviate the fiscal adjustment burden. Instead, our simulations show that great care must be taken to specify the expenditure rule, such that fiscal consolidation is achieved in a growth-friendly way.


No less than twenty beta-receptor blocking drugs have been synthesized and pharmacologically characterised since the original description of the dichloro analogue of isoprenaline (Powell & Slater, 1958) clearly vindicated Ahlquist's (1948) dual receptor hypothesis to account for the action of catecholamines. Beta-receptor blockade already has an established place in the management of a wide variety of clinical conditions and is becoming recognised as one of the major advances in cardiovascular therapeutics in recent times. However, beta-receptor antagonists do not constitute a homogeneous group. The individual compounds in the group differ markedly in specificity and blocking potencies. They undergo differing pathways of breakdown and metabolism in the body, and they may have dissimilar protein binding characteristics and renal excretion patterns. Many of them have important additional pharmacological properties. A rational use of these drugs therefore requires a detailed appreciation of their overall pharmacological effects. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss at length some of these features which are relevant to the therapeutic use of beta-blockers in disorders of the cardiovascular system. It is, however, not intended to review the effects of beta blockade on cardiovascular and coronary dynamics as these will be discussed by other speakers in this symposium. The chemical structures of some representative compounds are shown in Fig. I.


According to the need of anti-Japanese war,the CPC in Yan'an Period brought the theory of national united front into the life of the grass roots through absorbing the local culture of the northern part of Shaanxi province and its surroundings.Different kinds of art literatures in the period embodied on only the intellectual transformation in Yan'an rectification movement,but the fundamental standpoint of the Party's ethnical theory.Depending on the local knowledge,the institutes of the Party's ethnic research studied primarily the issues of Hui and Mongolian,providing important basis for further studies after the founding of new China.


Interpersonal conflicts are common and natural phenomena that may affect individuals considerably. To decrease the risk of negative effects, where research has highlighted e.g. stress, depression and distrust, studies are conducted to better understand the mechanisms of conflicts and how the management thereof can be developed. The current essay was centered on research by Jordan and Lundin (2001) and focused on the individual level. More specifically the range of reflection, number of reflection perspectives, shown by the individual was investigated, and if this can be influenced through priming for increased awareness on conflict theory. Data was collected through distance based questionnaires and the results were analyzed quantitatively through statistical tools. The target group included men and women over 18 years old with Swedish nationality. To show differences in number of reflection perspectives, depending on priming, the group was split into one control and one experimental group; without and with priming respectively. The primary quantitative results did not show any significand difference between the groups. Based on the presented theories and previous research it was jet argued that continued research should be done for finding a simplified method of affecting the individual thoughts concerning conflict. That for more constructive actions of an individual in a conflict situation, and hence creating possibilities for an alleviation of the consequences of a conflict. (Less)


Aim: Zinc modulates the expression of zinc-specific erythroid-specific genes, plays an important role in the growth of erythroid cells, and provides normal erythropoiesis with a potential role in the serial development of hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocytes. Zinc deficiency has been reported to cause anemia by affecting hemoglobin biosynthesis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between serum zinc levels and hematological parameters of hemodialysis patients.
Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted on a total of 65 adult volunteer patients (ages between 19 and 65 years), 36 men and 29 women who received dialysis treatment three days a week in special dialysis center. A questionnaire including general information, health information was applied with the face to face interview method and biochemical parameters of the last three months were recorded from the files. Food consumptions of the patients for three days (one dialysis day, non-dialysis day and one weekend) were recorded. For serum zinc analysis, 10 mL blood samples were taken by hemodialysis nurses after at least 8 hours fasting from patients. Serum zinc analysis was performed in Selcuk University Advanced Technology Application Laboratory with ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) technique in Perkin Elmer device.
Results: Median and interquantile range (IQR) values of serum zinc levels were 106.7 and 46.9 μg/dL in men and 110.2 and 48.6 μg/dL in women, respectively (p> 0.05). There was a positive correlation between serum zinc levels and hemoglobin (r=0.344, p=0.005), hematocrit (r=0.336, p=0.006), total iron binding capacity (r=0.302, p=0.014). Serum zinc levels were not correlated with serum iron (r= 0.072, p=0.567) and serum ferritin (r=0.073, p=0.552). There was no relationship between serum zinc levels and iron intake of the patients (r=-0.030, p=0.810).
Conclusion: Correlation between serum zinc levels and some hematological parameters in hemodialysis patients suggests that serum zinc levels may be associated with anemia, which is common in these patients.


In general, the present disclosure provides a method and system for video indexing system by reaction estimate of viewers based on visual cue detection. The method comprises the steps of detecting a visual cue generated by the user, the visual cue is user is generated in response to the viewing video, a detection step, a visual cue to the user and mapping the associated emotional space, estimating a user's emotional events based on the mapping, a indexing step of indexing the video by the metadata, metadata estimated emotions event and the estimated been includes timing data associated with emotional events, and indexing steps may include. This method is based on video index, a summary of the video division, and may further include a search.


The aim of the current study was to compare the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in exosomes derived from human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) with and without chondrogenic induction. Exosomes derived from hBMSCs were isolated and identified. Microarray analysis was performed to compare miRNA expression between exosomes derived from hBMSCs with and without chondrogenic induction, and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to verify the differentially expressed miRNAs. hBMSCs were transfected with miRNA mimic to extract miRNA‐overexpressed exosomes. The results showed that most exosomes exhibited a cup‐shaped or round‐shaped morphology with a diameter of approximately 50‐200 nm and expressed CD9 and CD63. We detected 141 miRNAs that were differentially expressed with and without chondrogenic induction by over a twofold change, including 35 upregulated miRNAs, such as miR‐1246, miR‐1290, miR‐193a‐5p, miR‐320c, and miR‐92a, and 106 downregulated miRNAs, such as miR‐377‐3p and miR‐6891‐5p. qRT‐PCR analysis validated these results. Exosomes derived from hBMSCs overexpressing miR‐320c were more efficient than normal exosomes derived from control hBMSCs at promoting osteoarthritis chondrocyte proliferation, down‐regulated matrix metallopeptidase 13 and up‐regulated (sex determining region Y)‐box 9 expression during hBMSC chondrogenic differentiation. In conclusion, we identified a group of upregulated miRNAs in exosomes derived from hBMSCs with chondrogenic induction that may play an important role in mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes in cartilage regeneration and, ultimately, the treatment of arthritis. We demonstrated the potential of these modified exosomes in the development of novel therapeutic strategies.


PI3K / cancer and activation and p53 is inactivated in Akt pathway, chemotherapy, because the effectiveness of conventional therapy such as radiation therapy and hormonal therapy to provide a wide range of tumors and cancer treatment and prevention means including low tumor, and OBP-801, PI3K inhibitor, preferably LY294002, BKM120, that GDC-0941, BEZ235, BYL719 or CH5132799, in combination with different molecular targeted agents. Thereby, it can not be obtained with the formulation of the molecular targeted drug alone, synergistic activation of caspase pathway, enhanced expression of Bim, increased accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, as well as suppression of the expression of survivin and XIAP protein it is possible to obtain several different significant pharmacological effects simultaneously that, as effective therapeutic and prophylactic agents can be applied to a wide range of tumors, and it is possible to provide a treatment and prevention strategies clinically effective new tumor Become.


Tumor programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is associated with inferior outcomes. The first‐line immunologically‐replete setting may be an opportune time for PD‐1 inhibition. We evaluated pembrolizumab in combination with R‐CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) in untreated patients with DLBCL. Eligible patients were age 18 or older, had adequate organ function, and had DLBCL requiring full‐course therapy. Patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg/cycle with R‐CHOP, primarily to assess toxicity. Response assessment utilized standard criteria, and PD‐L1 staining was performed at a validated central laboratory. Among 30 patients, toxicity was comparable to standard R‐CHOP but with two grade ≥3 immune related adverse events (rash, pneumonitis). The overall and complete response rate was 90% and 77%. With 25·5 months of median follow‐up, 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) is 83%. PD‐L1 expression was associated with non‐GCB subtype, and improved PFS and survival. Pembrolizumab can safely be added to R‐CHOP, and is associated with a high CR rate and 2‐year PFS. Improved PFS with PR‐CHOP in PD‐L1 expressing tumors contradicts historical data in R‐CHOP treated patients, supporting evaluation of PD‐L1 as a biomarker to identify DLBCL patients who may benefit from this first‐line strategy.


The reasons of pipeline leaking, blocking and corrosion in chlorine gas drying system and its harm was introduced. Several measures were put forward, including defining suitable process parameter, strictly carrying out operation rules,renewing and reforming equipment and pipeline, and etc.


Cu-doped SiO2 films have been prepared on quartz substrates by an RF magnetron sputtering method. An assputtered film showed no reflection peaks in the X-ray diffraction pattern. Results of TEM observations of the as-sputtered film indicated that Cu particles have a mean size of ca. 8.0nm, and that they were dispersed homogeneously in SiO2. Some reflection peaks appeared in X-ray diffraction pattern of a Cu-doped SiO2 film heated at 600°C. Heating at 600°C increased the mean size of Cu particles slightly.


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Most people prefer certainty to uncertainty, especially in the context of their health. It is normal to want to have clear explanations for the way we feel. It is not uncommon for me to see patients with unexplained symptoms who are disappointed when their bloodwork or imaging


The article presents analysis of scienti fi c literature of the last 15 years about complications after orthotopic liver transplantation, depending on the severity of the initial status of recipient and expression of metabolic and functional disorders. Factors affecting the development of vascular complications (arterial and venous thrombosis), biliary complications (cholestasis, cholangitis), immune response (acute rejection), and also surgical and infectious complications and functional insuf fi ciency of the graft are analyzed in this review. The necessity to improve monitoring in the immediate post transplant period is considered.