We prove a Pohozaev type identity for non-linear eigenvalue equations of the Dirac operator on Riemannian spin manifolds with boundary. As an application, we obtain that the mean curvature $H$ of a conformal immersion $S^n\to \mR^{n+1}$ satisfies $\int \pa_X H=0$ where $X$ is a conformal vector field on $S^n$ and where the integration is carried out with respect to the Euclidean volume measure of the image. This identity is analogous to the Kazdan-Warner obstruction that appears in the problem of prescribing the scalar curvature on $S^n$ inside the standard conformal class.


What's the point of calling someone "self-deceived"? It's to say that someone has a false belief (or other cognitive attitude) that is not just from stupidity or lack of information. Rather, the self-deceiver is at some level aware of information that would lead her to form the correct belief, but some motivational bias leads her to hold the opposite. Consider a self-deceived business woman. There are signs her business will fail. But she maintains things are picking up. She even takes out a loan, self-deceptively believing profits are just around the corner. She's not incapable of processing the ominous signs; she has the intelligence. But her desires for the business to succeed – and the shame she would feel if it didn't – bias her reasoning in a way that brings about self-deception. This kind of mental state is common. But defining it is hard. Recall we're talking about a form of deception (see lying and deceit). There appear to be two truths about deception that cause trouble for defining self-deception:


Five stocks of tilapia [oreochromis niloticus (on), red O. niloticus (ROn), O. aureus (Oa), O. mossambicus (Om), and Sarotherodon galilaeus (Sg)] were used to produce two-way (F1), three-way (3WC) and four-way crosses (4WC). Three 4WC groups, containing equal representation of all four species, formed the base population for a new synthetic stock, called an "artificial center of origin" (ACO). Four genomic maps were created using microsatellite and AFLP markers, two from a 3WC family [Om female and (Oa x ROn) male] and two from a 4WC family [(Om x Oas) females and (Sg x On) male]. Sixty-two loci segregating from the female parent of the 3WC mapped to 14 linkage groups while 214 loci from the male parent mapped to 24 linkage groups. Similarly, 131 loci segregating from the female parent of the 4WC mapped to 26 linkage groups and 118 loci from the male parent mapped to 25 linkage groups. Preliminary screening of an F2 and a 4WC family identified a number of loci associated with cold tolerance and body weight. These loci were clustered in a few linkage groups, suggesting they may be indicative of quantitative trait loci.


Meeting a series of special needs of space manipulator systems,a trajectory planning method for space manipulator is put forward.It is assumed that there is an ideal trajectory in joint space,which can be described by two sections of high-order spline curve and satisfy all kinetic characteristics of space manipulator.Parameters of the connection point between the two spline trajectories can influence the distorted shape of the two trajectories in space.Consequently,the manipulator moves in accordance with the spline trajectories and in the same time avoids all the obstacles.Firstly,sectionalized functions of ideal trajectory are established.Unknown parameters in the functions are described using the parameters about the connection point of which the unknown parameters are extracted to be calculated.Thus the trajectory planning problem is transformed into a multi-objective optimization problem.Secondly,genetic algorithm(GA) is adopted to solve the problem.Based on the analysis on space manipulator control requirements and descriptions of obstacles in Cartesian space,a fitness function based on GA is defined by weighting coefficient method,with respect to the trajectory length of the end-effector in Cartesian space,the angles in joint space and the maximum torque during movement,the total movement time and the cases of interferences and collisions.At last,an ideal collision-free trajectory with short length and ideal movement time in the joint space is planned by using GA,and its dynamic features satisfies margin requirements.Additionally,the method proposed has wide expansibility.After decomposing trajectories and calculating connection points for many times,the manipulator can avoid obstacles in very complex circumstances.Simulation is accomplished on space manipulator simulation platform established by C language.And results show that the method is stable and effective,and the trajectory generated satisfies the special performance requirements of space manipulator.


Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance Systems (TCAS) displays depict traffic advisories, resolution advisories, and information on other aircraft. Symbols for other aircraft include the proximate status indication where the symbols of "proximate" (close) aircraft are filled and the symbols of "non-proximate" (more distant) aircraft are not filled. This web-based study examined the value of the proximate status indication as represented by symbol fill to assess implications for Cockpit Displays of Traffic Information (CDTIs), and found no advantage for it, only a disadvantage. Pilots viewed videos of traffic displays. Analysis of the data failed to show a benefit of the proximate status indication for estimating threat and potential for visual acquisition of traffic. Analysis did find a decrement in performance for identifying the greatest traffic threat, when the proximate status indication was depicted. In contrast to their performance, most pilots say the proximate status indication is useful. However, results indicate that pilots overemphasize proximity and underemphasize closing speeds when assessing threat levels. This bias may account for the pilot preference for displaying proximate status. Results of this study are intended to be of use to the Federal Aviation Administration in developing guidance material for CDTIs.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to describe student perceptions of their experiences around social justice discussions in the social work classroom through a qualitative, grounded theory framework. Student responses from a qualitative section of a survey were analyzed and sorted into three categories: perceived discrimination, heightened self-awareness/self-assessment, and future social work practice. Each of these categories was derived from comparable multiple themes stemming from the student responses. A conceptual model resulting from the analysis suggests that students who shared experiences of perceived discrimination during classroom discussions could develop an enhanced self-awareness, which would result in an added empathy for clients in their future social work practice. Suggestions for teaching strategies and directions for future research are also discussed.


Fusion polypeptide comprising a) a peptide of 3 to 30 amino acids, which allows selective binding of the fusion polypeptide to tumor vascular endothelial cells; and b) the tissue factor TF (Tissue Factor) or a fragment thereof, wherein said tissue factor and the fragment being characterized in that they can activate blood clotting upon binding of the fusion polypeptide to tumor vascular endothelial cells, wherein said peptides a) and b) are coupled to each other either directly or through a linker of up to 15 amino acids.


Apparatus for the treatment of sleep apnea or snoring user (1) has an upper oral splint adapted maxillary user (10), a lower oral splint adapted mandible of the user (20) with the door. At least one oral splint is provided with an adjusting device (25) having a fixing member (50) adjustably and removably securing the support member. Supporting members (40a, 40b) so can be adjustable and detachable, it is possible to adjust the settings, and rich in flexibility can replace parts as required apparatus is provided.


The extractors described are simple, inexpensive and can be made in any hospital workshop. They utilize the theatre suction, which at this hospital is venturi generated, and so discharges directly to the outside atmosphere. In hospitals employing vacuum pump-generated suction, careful consideration must he given to the possible effects of anaesthetic gases on the installation. The main component of all the extractors is a modified ClGt gas collection device (Figure 1). The end with the ClG taper (:2.5 mm) must be machined to have an internal :22 mm taper. A one meter length of corrugated anaesthetic tubing is connected to the 22 mm male taper to act as a reservoir-disposable corrugated plastic tubing is most suitable because of its light weight. The volume of the reservoir needs to be extended for some applications so its free end is fitted with a double-ended 22 mm male taper. Suction tubing is connected to the side tube, and the applied suction is regulated according to requirements. The means of connecting this to the anaesthetic circuit varies with the circuit arrangement. \\'hen using a Bird;Tent-Yi\'a arrangement (ClG bag-in-bottle driven by Bird ventilator), the extractor is plugged into the Bird exhale valve (Figure 2). The gases leaving the exhale valve in this system comprise both the ventilator driving gases and anaesthetic gases. Because of the large volume and high flow rate of the gases leaving the exhale valve, the one meter length of corrugated tUbing is not sufficient as a


A new sliding mode control (SMC) design approach using measure theory and Lyapunov functional candidate is presented for nonlinear control problems with disturbances. Lyapunov function is supposed for designing a sliding surface (SS). In fact, the problem that is considered is as follows. A state trajectory from a given initial point reaches a given point on a sliding surface in a short time, and then tends to the origin (equilibrium point) along the sliding surface. Measure theory approach with embedding process is used to solve such a problem in two phases. In the first phase, after designing an appropriate SS by a suggested Lyapunov function, an embedding is constructed to solve a time optimal control problem such that the system trajectory reaches the SS in minimum time, then in the second phase, using SS, a control is designed such that the system trajectory tends to the origin along the SS.


GOMEZ AND TURNER (1, 2,) on the basis of an extensive series of experiments, postulated the presence in the anterior pituitary of two mammogenic factors, the first of which stimulated the growth of the mammary duct system and the second the lobule-alveolar system. Lewis and Turner (3) continued the study of the duct factor noting its presence in the AP of all types of cattle. Lipid extracts of the AP were shown to be rich in this factor. It was suggested that the secretion of estngen under natural conditions and the injection of estrogen in experimental animals caused an increased secretion of Mammogen I and thus stimulated the growth of the duct system. Since the growth of the lobule-alveolar system normally occurs during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy or upon the injection of progestin and estrogen in experimental animals, it was suggested that progestin and estrogen stimulated an increased secretion of Mammogen II by the AP which in turn was responsible for completing the growth of the mammary gland.


The crystal and molecular structure of sperminium (4,9-diazoniadodecane-1,12-diammonium) diphosphate hexahydrate has been determined by single-crystal X-ray methods. The crystals are monoclinic, space group P2/c, with a= 1137.0(4), b= 708.2(3), c= 1513.4(3) pm, β= 98.45(2)° and Z= 2. The compound consists of fully protonated, centrosymmetric sperminium ions, diphosphate ions (P2O74–) and water molecules. The diphosphate ion has two-fold symmetry with O(1) on a two-fold axis. The P–O–P bond angle is 143.7(1)°. The sperminium ion is hydrogen bonded mainly to the diphosphate ion.


Trailing edges loss is one of the main sources of loss for transonic turbine cascade,contributing typically 1/3 of their total loss.Transonic trailing edge flow is extremely complex;the basic flow pattern is understood,but method predicting losses is currently based on empirical correlations for the base pressure.These correlations are of limited accuracy.Many recent investigations indicated that there is a unique relationship between the base pressure and loss;the base pressure and backpressure.In this paper,the empirical correlations of the base pressure with backpressure and base pressure with cascade loss were summarized by means of cascade experimental data in the past two decades.


OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy and safety of ifosfamide with PHA-LAK cell adoptive immunotherapy in advanced recurrent ovarian epithelial cancer. METHODS: IFO was administered in the dosage of 1 200 mg/m2 on days 1-4 with mesna (400 mg) infusion at 0,4 and 8 hours following initiation of IFO. The PHA-LAK cells were given intravenously 4 times during the intermission of chemotherapy. This regimen was repeated at least 2 cycles. RESULTS:There were 3/25-CR, 8/25-PR, 7/25-NC, 7/25-PD, CR + PR 44 %.Median TTP and OS were 21 weeks and 47 weeks respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The therapy of IFO with PHA-LAK cells has efficacy in women with advanced recurrent ovarian epithelial cancer. Its toxicity is slight and so the protocol can be a reasonable option in the treatment of advanced recurrent ovarian cancer.


ABSTRACT Microsporidia are obligate intracellular single-cell eukaryotic parasites that can infect almost all kinds of animals and cause microsporidiosis. However, there are a few achievements of microsporidiosis treatments. Nosema bombycis could cause a microsporidiosis condition, pébrine, in the silkworm. Treatment and prevention of pébrine are still the research hotspots in sericulture. In this study, N. bombycis was treated with K2CO3, the spore walls were removed by centrifugation, and then, the alkali-soluble germination proteins were used as antigens to develop monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Three mAbs were successfully screened and one mAb named G9 showed the highest titer among these monoclonal antibodies after enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay (ELISA). Mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that the mAb G9 could recognize the N. bombycis spore wall protein 1. Furthermore, the heavy chain and light chain sequences of the G9 monoclonal antibody were cloned, respectively. The vectors that expressing the intact antibodies and the single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) of G9 were constructed, and then, these vectors were used to develop the transgenic silkworm cell lines or transgenic silkworms. The inhibitory effects against N. bombycis were evaluated by the count of microsporidia and qPCR. The scFvs showed better effect on blocking the proliferation of N. bombycis than the intact antibody, and the scFv without the secretory signal peptide was more effective than that with signal peptide. Our study has provided novel strategies for microsporidiosis control and the essential groundwork for the future development of N. bombycis-resistant transgenic silkworms. IMPORTANCE There are a few reports on the resistance of microsporidia, including Nosema bombycis. Here, the alkali-soluble germination proteins of N. bombycis were used as immunogens to prepare a monoclonal antibody, and its single-chain variable fragments effectively blocked microsporidia infection. Our study has provided novel strategies for microsporidiosis control and demonstrated a useful method for the potential treatment of other microsporidia diseases. There are a few reports on the resistance of microsporidia, including Nosema bombycis. Here, the alkali-soluble germination proteins of N. bombycis were used as immunogens to prepare a monoclonal antibody, and its single-chain variable fragments effectively blocked microsporidia infection. Our study has provided novel strategies for microsporidiosis control and demonstrated a useful method for the potential treatment of other microsporidia diseases.


Two Middle Egyptian Coptic texts of Matthew, published by the late Professor Hans-Martin Schenke, namely the Scheide Codex and the Schøjen Codex, are of great interest, not only for Coptisants but also for New Testament textual critics. These manuscripts probably belong, respectively, to the fifth and fourth century. So they may tell us something about form and character of the Greek text in the fourth or perhaps even third century in Egypt, at least if we assume that these manuscripts were copies of older Coptic texts. Moreover, the two texts are also important for our knowledge of the language technique and competence of early Coptic translators. This knowledge may be significant for the question of which form of the Greek text might 'shine through' in Coptic texts. In a review of Schenke's magnificent edition of the Schøjen text I have dared to criticize his attempt to give a reconstruction of the Greek text that underlies this Coptic text. The history of such 'retranslations' teaches us that they are sometimes utter failures, which might easily mislead those who use them without any knowledge of the languages of these versions.


We retrospectively reviewed results of surgery and imaging findings of 36 patients with multiple cerebral hydatid disease (Ecchinococcus granulosus). Headache, vomiting and epileptic seizures were the predominant symptoms. Papilloedema and optic disk atrophy was revealed in 29 patients. In 7 patients hydatid cyst was also found in other organs. Common CT and MR1 findings of E. granulosus were well defined, smooth thin walled spherical homogenous cystic lesions with no contrast enhancement, calcification, and surrounding edema. One or more craniotomies with subsequent removal of cystic lesions were carried out in all the patients. Multiple cerebral hydatid lesions entails extremely serious risk of fatal outcomes, but the advent of CT and MR1 significantly contributed to reduction of mortality from this pathology. Early detection of the lesions and well-timed surgery are of paramount importance to ensure favorable outcomes. Craniotomy should be large enough to evacuate cysts undamaged.


This paper is concerned with the pathways of bile pigment formation and degradation. A diminished rate of disposal of bile pigment might secondarily exaggerate the importance of a pathway of haemoglobin breakdown not leading to bile pigment formation; some consideration will therefore be given to the metabolism of both haemoglobin and bile pigments. Such a route of haemoglobin catabolism and any abnormal mode of disposal of bile pigment could become important in the treatment of the newborn with erythroblastosis foetalis, or with rare conditions like biliary atresia or congenital hyperbilirubinaemia. The administration of isotopically labelled glycine to human subjects is followed by the excretion of labelled bile pigment 80-140 days 1ater.l This labelled bile pigment is formed by the breakdown of the labelled haemoglobin in red cells at the end of their life span but synthesised when the labelled glycine was given. There is also an early peak of excretion of labelled bile pigment which cannot be thus accounted for. In normal subjects this early labelled fraction of bile pigment amounts to about 5-10 per cent of the total excretion of bile pigment but there is a much higher proportion of this fraction in the bile pigments in pernicious anaemia, sickle-cell anaemia, thalassaemia, aplastic anaemia, and a number of other conditions not necessarily accompanied by anaemia. For example, in congenital porphyria and, as we shall discuss later, in a clinically distinct form of porphyria, erythropoietic coproprotoporphyria, the fraction accounts for as much I S 80 per cent or more of the bile pigment. More recently, Israels and Zipursky2 and Arias3 have described patients with so-called shunt hyperbilirubinaemia in which the only abnormality appears to be excessive production and accumulation of this fraction of bile pigment. The earlier experiments showed a significant labelling of bile pigment between the two peaks and this was at first interpreted as due to the formation of bile pigment from nonhaemoglobin haem. Berlin, Hewitt, and Lotz4 showed that pools of isotopic glycine remained in the body for longer periods than had been appreciated and accounted for the persistent labelling as well as for the long tail of the labelled haem-time curve. This was confirmed by Watson James, Abbott, Norberg, Birkeland, and Evans,5 who followed the incorporation of haem into the bile pigment of a subject who had been transfused with red cells from another subject, who had been given isotopic glycine. There is in fact no information concerning the contribution to bile pigment formation of any of the haem proteins other than haemoglobin, although what is known of the turnover rate of such proteins suggests that they could well play a significant role in bile pigment formation.6


The main purpose of this paper was to examine importers' satisfaction with Multimodal Transport System currently being practiced by Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics Services Enterprise. The related theoretical literatures and empirical studies were incorporated in this study to provide a theoretical basis for the development of the research. Importing and exporting in trade management are becoming an assignment for Ethiopia since it has paramount contribution to the national economic development and for the business people to be successful. The data were collected from importers through selfadministered questionnaires from selected respondents. Analysis ranging from simple descriptive statistics to exploratory factor analysis is used to analyze the data. The findings have suggested that in order to improve the services of Multimodal Transport System, the Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics Services Enterprise should work on how to improve the unsatisfactory areas by using appropriate technology and legal requirements. Importers expectation of the Multimodal Transport System services showed that they were unsatisfied with cost, performance, time and reliability of information in using the services. As a result, it is clear that beneficiaries are not satisfied with the services which were significantly related to importers satisfaction. The study concluded that in using the services of Multimodal Transport System, transit cost is not minimized, performance activities of Multimodal Transport System is not as promised to importers, time is not saved in using the services, importers are doubtful of Ethiopian Shipping and Logistics Services Enterprise information and importers have expectations concerning damage, documentation accuracy of the Multimodal Transport System.


It was shown that in diamonds of Efremovka CV3 the noble gases with normal isotopic compositions are fractionated in different degree while the correlation of isotopic anomalous components is nearly constant. Some data for noble gases in DE-4 sample of Efremovka chondrite are considered. In contrast to DE-2 sample the DE-4 was treated except conc. HClO4, 220 C in addition with mixture of conc. H2SO4+H3PO4 (1:1), 220 C, twice. Noble gases analysis were performed in Germany at Max Plank Institute fur Chemie. Noble gases were released by oxidation of samples at stepped heating from 420 C to 810 C and by pyrolysis at 580, 590, and 680 C.


Objective To observe the effects of in vitro Shock Wave Stone-breaking conbining with CTM treatment with renal calculus.Methods 86 cases of patients were devided into two groups: 50 cases of test group and 36 cases of contol group.The test group was treated with in vitro Shock Wave Stone-breaking conbining with CTM,while the control group was only treated with in vitro Shock Wave Stone-breaking.Both group were under a regular nursing with anti-inflammation,drinking enough water and appropriate movements,with type-B ultrasonic and pyelography,abdominal plain film to diagnose the stone size,shape,location,and nature;check blood,urine,blood coagulation,renal function,and electrocardiogram;the clinic symptoms,stone size,shape,and location were observed as well.Results The total effective rate of the test group was 96%,with comparison of control group of 78%.Conclusion In vitro Shock Wave Stone-breaking conbining with CTM treatment could increase the excretion.


Eighteenth-century European intellectuals generally assumed that they were living in a time of fundamental change. They were convinced that intellectual, material, and social progress was possible, that it was occurring in at least some places, and that it was bound to continue. The future must be more enlightened, more free, more tolerant, and more prosperous than the past. Even when they risked imprisonment, vilification, and exile because they disparaged established institutions and attitudes, they did so believing that their notions would finally prevail. It is difficult for us to recreate their optimism. To a large extent, our own cynicism about the present and unease about the future are due to society's failure to realize the philosophes' vision Earlier utopian aspirations had been rooted in a Christian ideal and looked towards man's spiritual and moral nature for their realization. The forward-looking man in the eighteenth century, however, believed that a better future would derive from the study of the natural world and of man's place in it. Provided that the study was conducted correctly, man would come to understand both his inner nature and his environment, and be enabled thereby to live harmoniously in the world. In a profound sense, the eighteenth-century savants believed in the virtue of a scientific, technological, and hence materialistic future. These themes have long preoccupied students of the Enlightenment and many persons have written about them at length. My primary interest here is in the way in which this notion of possible and desirable progress affected certain scientists and especially physicians and writers on physiology. During the eighteenth century, there was a growing sense of the relative backwardness of the life sciences, especially when their achievements were measured against those of physics and chemistry. In the attempt to promote the advancement of medicine, the state intervened, meanwhile offending the hide-bound Paris Medical Faculty, long-time enemies of innovation who sensed their traditional power slipping from them. A Societe Royale de Medecine was established by royal patent in 1776 as an agency of the French state, to be consulted by members of the administration. Its mandate was to address questions surrounding human and animal epidemics, sanitary conditions, endemic and occupational diseases, surgical and anatomical subjects, and the supervision of therapeutic mineral waters. It quickly became a haven for the young progressive spirits of French medicine so that, apart from some 162 associate members, it attracted thousands of corresponding …


This paper is aimed at the development of the detailed procedure describing how to produce and characterize stressed liquid crystals, a class of promising electro-optical materials characterized by a giant phase modulation and fast response.


The paper presents results of complex research of vibration behavior of the differential reduction gear unit of a turboprop engine on the basis of statistics of products with repaired reduction gears and those placed under repair. The conducted research made it possible to establish the source of resonant oscillations of the compressor design elements leading to their breakage. It is established that this source is determined by the kinematics of the reduction gear unit and is associated with the wear of its gear teeth.  Standards for the intensity of the appropriate discrete component of the reduction gear vibration spectrum and those for the amount of permissible wear are substantiated and established on the basis of the work carried out. A complex of diagnostic parameters of wear based on intensity components of the auto-spectrum and the spectrum of maxima, the depth of amplitude modulation in some narrow-band processes, their characteristics based on the parameters of the current frequency and mutual characteristics was identified. It is shown that for the whole complex of the diagnostic parameters obtained their dependence on the wear value is satisfactorily approximated by a linear characteristic. The obtained results can serve as a basis for the development of a complex of methods of differential reduction gear vibration diagnostics.


This publication is devoted to the application of transformations at descriptive geometry's problems solution. Using parametric calculus lets rationally select the number of transformations in the drawing. In Cartesian coordinates, on condition that an identical coordinate plane exists, the difference between parameters of linear forms, given and converted ones, is equal to the number of transformations in the composition. In affine space under these conditions, this difference is equal to two. Based on parameters calculation the conclusion is confirmed that the method of rotation around the level line, as providing the transformation of the plane of general position to the level plane, is a composition of two transformations: replacement of projections planes and rotation around the projection line. In various geometries (affine, projective, algebraic ones, and topology) the types of corresponding transformations are studied. As a result of these transformations are obtained affine, projective, bi-rational and topologically equivalent figures respectively. Such transformations are widely used in solving of applied problems, for example, in the design of technical surfaces of dependent sections. At the same time, along with transformation invariants, the simplicity of the algorithm for constructing of corresponding figures should be taken into account, with the result that so-called stratified transformations are preferred. A sign of transformation's stratification is a value of dimension for a set of corresponding points' carriers. This fact explains the relative simplicity of the algorithm for constructing the corresponding points in such transformations. In this paper the use of stratified transformations when finding the points of intersection of a curve with a surface, as well as in the construction of surfaces with variable cross-section shape are considered. The given examples show stratification idea possibilities for solving the problems of descriptive geometry.


This study is about certain factors which allow to generate competitiveness at SMEs worldwide, in the construction industry specifically, in order to ask criteria of expert people by using the qualitative Delphi method. Hence, there were found concordant results with bibliographic data, in fact, competitive success skills were highlighted. Based on theory of resources and capabilities, the research determined interior factors as the internals financial capabilities, strategic planning, innovation and human resource management. Whereas, external static and dynamic factors are considered as available resources in the cities, by which competitive advantage is also articulated each other in a complementary way.


The forest is crucial to maintaining the ecological system's balance. Cutting trees and removing them unlawfully from protected areas is known as illegal logging. This will have a significant impact on the ecological balance in turn. Due to illicit logging, the Reserve's forest cover has been reduced to less than 2511 square kilometers. Even some rare species' living conditions have been impacted by this. An IoT-based Smart System has been developed by us to monitor Illegal logging and to prevent these kinds of actions. In addition to identifying illegal logging, our technology learns about forest fires and alerts the appropriate authorities. This will stop illegal logging and forest fires from removing trees from the forest. With the aid of a solar power source, the complete process is observed.


Comparison Of I-gel With Proseal Lma In Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Surgical Procedures Under General Anaesthesia Without Paralysis
Objective: Supraglottic airway devices (SADs) have been widely used as an alternative to tracheal intubation during general anaesthesia. They are
easily inserted, better tolerated, with fewer hemodynamic changes. This study compares the efcacy of two supraglottic devices (LMA Proseal and
I-gel) in elective surgical procedure under general anaesthesia without paralysis. Material and Method: A prospective randomized study was
conducted on 40 patients who were posted for elective short surgical procedures under general anaesthesia. They were randomly divided into two
groups of 20 patients each, Group I (I-gel) and Group P (PLMA). All the patients were induced with general anaesthesia and the planned SAD was
inserted with head in neutral position. Ease of insertion, number of insertion attempts, oropharyngeal seal pressure and incidence of adverse effects
were assessed. Results: I-gel was signicantly easier to insert than Proseal (P < 0.05). The mean time for insertion was more with Group P
(40.8±09.61 secs) than with Group I (29.63±08.13 secs). Although the airway sealing pressure was signicantly higher with Group P (26.63±1.31
cm of H2O), the airway sealing pressure of Group I (20.97 ± 2.14 cm of H2O) was within normal limit. The success rate of rst attempt insertion
was more with Group I. There was no evidence of airway trauma, regurgitation, and aspiration. Sore throat was signicantly more evident in Group
P. Conclusion: I-Gel is better supraglottic device with acceptable airway sealing pressure, easier to insert, less traumatic with lower incidence of
sore throat. Hence, I-gel is better alternative than Proseal LMA.


Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining process for welding similar and dissimilar materials with restriction to its use in some low melting point material. Electric Resistance Friction Stir Welding (ERFSW) is a new solid-state joining method for joining high strength materials. The paper presents the fundamental principle of ERFSW processes, impact of the variable parameters on weld quality, basic tool design along with its utilization, tool material and process parameters. The zones of the joint created by heating effect have also been discussed with its micro-structural study in brief. It has been demonstrated that ERFSW of high strength alloy is an emerging technology with numerous commercial applications which may have its great utilization in the field of space and an ignition prone area like mine.


This business plan aims to create a business of nutritional gourmet catering services for children lunchbox Quito northern sector. Motivated to create good eating habits from an early age, making nutritious lunchbox packages and presenting food in a fun way. In the analysis of the industry scenario in which the business was developed, identifying risks, threats, opportunities and strengths are determined. For various historical data which country and industry so that the positioning of the lodging industry and food service, a brief analysis was determined in turn studied the competition that has studied the business. The market study was made on the basis of primary and secondary sources. Where demand, tastes and preferences of our target market and the acceptance of the service market is discussed. In the marketing plan in detail a study of strategies for determining product market penetration, promotion and advertising of such reach us at the top of mind of our consumers was conducted. In the management plan the organizational structure in the company, where the profiles of each job that are required for each area of the company are developed analyzed was established. The operational plan is developed in detail each process both processing, distribution and marketing of nutritional lunch boxes where in turn each process responsible for allowing us to have more control and better results for the company was determined. The financial plan determined that requires an initial investment of USD 17,294.66, which will be financed as follows, personal contributions from members of USD 6,000.00 and a bank loan of USD 11,294.66.


Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant acti vities of crude methanol extract and its fractions of the leaves of Mussaenda Philippica. Methods: MIC through disc diffusion methods and MBC are two methods to evaluate the antimicrobial activities. For studying the antioxidant activity the free radical scavenging was studied in vitro method by measuring DPPH, Hydrogen peroxide scavengering activity, Superoxide free rad ic l (O2) and Nitric oxide (NO) free radical scaven gi g activity measured by considering standard antioxidant e.g. a scorbic acid. Results: The test compounds like different fractions i.e. c hloroform, methanol and ethyl acetate and crude met hanol extract produced significant effect both in antioxidant as well as antimicrobial activities. Different microor ganisms namely. E. faecalis, S. aureus, A. baumannii, E. coli, P.merab ilis, P.aeruginosa are responded in higher concentr ation all the test compounds. Different fungal strains like C.albicans d A. niger are not inhibited by different test c ompounds. Conclusions: The results revealed that the crude methanolic ext ract and different fractions like methanol and ethy l acetate are produces remarkable antimicrobial and antioxida nt ctivities. It may assume that the activity of t he est compound may be due to the active compounds such as flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids and saponins.


Detecting whether computer program code is a student's original work or has been copied from another student or some other source is a major problem for many universities. Detection methods based on the information retrieval concepts of indexing and similarity matching scale well to large collections of files, but require appropriate similarity functions for good performance. We have used particle swarm optimization and genetic programming to evolve similarity functions that are suited to computer program code. Using a training set of plagiarised and non-plagiarised programs we have evolved better parameter values for the previously published Okapi BM25 similarity function. We have then used genetic programming to evolve completely new similarity functions that do not conform to any predetermined structure. We found that the evolved similarity functions outperformed the human developed Okapi BM25 function. We also found that a detection system using the evolved functions was more accurate than the the best code plagiarism detection system in use today, and scales much better to large collections of files. The evolutionary computing techniques have been extremely useful in finding similarity functions that advance the state of the art in code plagiarism detection.


A compact ultra-wideband Multiple-Input-Multiple Output (MIMO) Monopole antenna is proposed for frequency-notched applications. The proposed MIMO antenna consists of two identical Monopole antennas excited by two microstrip feeds. A stub is attached to the ground plane to improve isolation and impedance bandwidth. A quarter wavelength spur line is embedded on the feeding part of the antenna to achieve the notch frequency. The designed antenna exhibits −10 dB impedance bandwidth, covering the entire UWB spectrum. The L-shaped spur line contributes to the notch frequency at 5.5 GHz aiming to avoid interference from 5 to 6 GHz WLAN band. The planned model is fabricated and described in terms of impedance and radiation constraint measurements, compliant with those of results achieved from full wave simulation.


Aiming at improving the seed spacing uniformity of maize planter at high forward speed, a seed precise delivery mechanism driven by electric motor has been developed and evaluated in laboratory. The mechanism was designed to deliver single seed from seed meter to furrow. Seed's movement from the seed release point in a seed meter to the seed delivery cavity in the belt was analyzed, the mathematical model of seed movement in the seed precise delivery mechanism was established based on seed delivery time analysis. A mechanical prototype was designed and associated control system was developed. The performance contrast experiment was conducted between a traditional seed tube and newly developed seed precise delivery mechanism, and test results indicated that the qualities of feed index of the seed precise delivery mechanism were higher than those of the traditional seed tube delivery mechanism, and the coefficients of variation of the seed precise delivery mechanism were lower than those of the traditional seed tube delivery mechanism when the forward speed of planter was set at 10 km/h, 12 km/h and 14 km/h, respectively. It indicated the seed precise delivery mechanism significantly improved seed spacing uniformity of maize planter compared with the traditional seed tube delivery mechanism.
Keywords: seed precise delivery mechanism, electric motor, seed spacing uniformity, delivery time, mechanical prototype
DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20181104.2802

Citation: Liu Q W, Cui T, Zhang D X, Yang L, Wang Y X, He X T, et al. Design and experimental study of seed precise delivery mechanism for high-speed maize planter. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(4): 81-87.


The paper stated the certain practices on the building of the internationalized energy enterprise depending on the science and technology innovation of Yanzhou Coal Mining Group and introduced the certain experiences.


Abstract Modern poetry developed and transformed difficulty into a prominent aesthetic norm of poetry. The abundance of difficult poetic texts necessitates a study of the corpus. After differentiating between the way difficulty is perceived in poetry and in other communicative acts, I present the approach that I have adopted for the purpose of studying difficult poetry. In contrast to other studies which have examined difficulty from the author's perspective and, as a consequence, described factors that cause textual difficulty, I propose to examine the subject from the reader's point of view. The reader, after all, is the one who feels or does not feel the difficulty. The concept 'difficult poem' is necessarily interdisciplinary and the question of what is "difficult" involves cognitive psychology and its models of text comprehension. Following a discussion of these domains, I present the "definition" that I propose for the 'difficult poem'.


Synoptic and mesoscale cyclone systems over an ocean and seas are often accompanied by thunderstorm activity, which intensity and spatial distribution are modulated by the dynamic structure of these systems. The paper considers a method connecting the parameters of this thunderstorm activity with weather system structures over oceans and seas with mesoscale formation intensities and forms in these systems determined by driving wind vortex fields of scatterometers and by satellite images in visible and infrared ranges. On the example of separate tropical cyclones (TC) of 2005-2013, the relation of lightning discharge frequency and density in the TC area of influence and spatial distribution of driving wind vortex is shown. The work was supported by the Russian-American Grant RUG1-7084-PA- 13 in the area of fundamental researches of FEB RAS and CRDF.


Tracey Forman, Assistant Director of Disability Resources at Texas A&M University, led an effort to share information students with disabilities needed during the rapid move to online instruction resulting from the COVID‐19 pandemic. She shared her unit's process for creating resources.


The reaction of 5-tert-butyl-2-methoxy-3H-azepine (2a) with sodium alkoxides gave 2-alkoxy-3H-azepine derivatives 3–6 by nucleophilic transetherification. The treatment of 2a with tert-butyllithium also yielded 2,5-di-tert-butyl-3H-azepine (7); however, the reaction of 2a and methyllithium gave the expected 5-tert-butyl-2-methyl-3H-azepine (8) along with unexpected 5-tert-butyl-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-azepine (9), but also 5,5′-di(tert-butyl)-2,2′-methylenedi(3H-azepine) (11), the structure of which was found to be tautomerized 5-tert-butyl-2-(5-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-azepin-2-ylidenemethyl)-3H-azepine (12). The energy profile for the observed tautomerization is discussed based on ab initio DFT calculations and kinetic measurements.


This article aims to define the culture at the bottom of the development of "startup" initiatives (or the startup movement). These are initiatives for improving an organization in three different ways: asking creative groups to collaborate with larger organizations for solving specific problems; inviting creative groups (hubs) into larger institutions for searching new ideas; and setting up collective spaces for the sake of public relations. I aim to define if the promotion of startup initiatives could be adequate for faith-based institutions such as the Catholic Church. Startup hubs are growing faster in our world, due to the common perception of social discomfort in regard to the political, economic or social systems. Not every creative initiative is a startup, as these initiatives aim to improve the system from within, thanks to mutual collaboration. Therefore they require common ground and respect for the principles of the larger body. Most startup hubs refer today to technological development, but some of them aim to enhance collective expectations. Our thesis is that some startup hubs could also be set up for changing personal behaviors. Startup hubs with the scope of changing personal lifestyles could also modify cultural interactions, becoming very attractive for faith-based institutions and also for the Catholic Church.


Social capitalism is a new economic paradigm that has emerged in the last decades especially in the Nordic countries, some US states, and the People's Republic of China. Social capitalism holds that the government is neither invisible (contrary to Adam Smith's "free market" form of capitalism) nor intrusive (Keynes or Schumpeter) in the new economy. Social capitalism sees government as an active entity, protecting social issues that impact every citizen in all sectors that have an impact in economy, such as: education, infrastructure, health, water, energy, and the environment. If nations want to advance, they must share in the commercialization of knowledge capital, innovations, and new business developments for the benefit of everyone. Theoretical perspectives of twentieth-century economic systems -- authoritarian capitalism, authoritarian socialism, and democratic capitalism -- are reviewed. Social capitalism can be identified in states and countries where the concern over social good takes precedence over economic gain. Discussing specific examples (energy in California, macro-economic policy in China, environmental concerns in the Nordic countries), it is proposed that economic and business growth can work together with the government support and regulation. It is recommended that competition be replaced by collaboration. Other propositions include government research funds to provide economic and business opportunities for technology transfer and commercialization.(CBS)


We construct a covariant closed string field theory by extending recent works on the covariant open string field theory in the proper-time gauge. Rewriting the string scattering amplitudes generated by the closed string field theory in terms of the Polyakov string path integrals, we identify the Fock space representations of the closed string vertices. We show that the Fock space representations of the closed string field theory may be completely factorized into those of the open string field theory. It implies that the well known Kawai-Lewellen-Tye (KLT) relations of the first quantized string theory may be promoted to the second quantized closed string theory. We explicitly calculate the scattering amplitudes of three gravitons by using the closed string field theory in the proper-time gauge.


Using Reometer tribological kits tested friction coefficient of wire rope grease and studied influences on wire rope grease of types and viscosity of base oil,additives and variation of Reometer tribological kit. Several key factors were obtained which may impact on tribological performance of wire rope grease,meanwhile,all these trends were summarized.


In this paper, a color image reconstruction algorithm based on digital hologram is proposed. The color image is decomposed into three primary color images, and the corresponding hologram is generated in each channel using the four step phase shift method. Then the image of each channel is reconstructed using the inverse Fourier transform, the reconstructed graph of three channels is superimposed to obtain the final color reconstruction image. The reconstructed image overcomes the zero-order image and the straight-through bright spot generated during Fresnel digital holographic image generation in the coaxial recording mode.


To seek the method of the extraction and determination of formaldehyde in the dried bean milk cream. Under the situation of phosphonic acid, the extraction of formaldehyde in dried bean milk cream was carried out by distilling and the formaldehyde was determined by acetyl acetone spectrophotograhy. The selecting tests of determining conditions and coloring conditions were developed. The regress equation of linearity y=0.2319x+0.0263(R2=0.9994) was obtained. The sample recovery rates were in the range of 92.0%~94.4%. The method is stable, accurate and simple.


Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and their families are different. Parents often surf the Internet in search of supportive solutions to the unique challenges they face. One source of insight for parents raising children with ASD comes from blog writers and the parents who surf the net to read their blogs, or cyberparents. The study here intends to add insight into how cybermothers raising children with ASD experience their social networks. Such perceptions may potentially help educators foster positive partnerships with similar parents. The researchers undertook this phenomenological study with the assumption that cybermothers who blog expressed their authentic voices and would best represent their lived experiences. Eighteen months of data collected from 24 blogs was coded within a strengths framework that classified relationships into inhibiting and assisting categories and sorted it by themes that emerged within each strength category. Inhibiting relationship themes included role strain and isolation. Assisting themes were examined within the context of supportive relationships.


Background:Death by hanging may be suicidal, accidental or homicidal. However, as most hangings are suicides, the possibility of a non-suicidal death by hanging sometimes taken into consideration when there is evidence supporting this suspicion.General external appearances, Local external neck findings, neck autopsy andneck histological changes play major role in differentiation between types of hanging. Aims & Objectives:to differentiate between types of hanging (suicidal, homicidal and accidental) by using different diagnostic methods includes naked eye examination, neck autopsy, examination of neck structure, and the histopathological features of neck structures at the ligation mark site: A study carried out in Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Zagazig University, Egypt from March 2018 to March 2019 with 36 cases of deaths due to hanging. A thorough external and internal examination of neck structure was performed in all the cases. Results: A total of 36 cases were notified. Majority, Suicidal hanging associated with female sex (57.1%) of cases. homicidal and accidental hanging significantly associated with skin haemorrhage in (80%) of cases. Microscopic examination: breaking, wrinkling and compression of skin along with micro haemorrhages in subcutaneous tissues were notified which commonly associated with homicidal hanging. Conclusion: The examination of corpse in hanging cases is made easy by correlating current observation with the autopsy finding. The correlation of external, internal and microscopic findings leads to easy formulation of final opinion these cases. It also, to some extent helps to differentiate between types of hanging.


The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of sociodrama on knowledge and attitude regarding open air defecation in swach bharat abhiyaan among people residing in selected rural area. A quasi experimental one group pre test post test research design was used. 80 samples of simple randomized sampling technique was used. Pretest knowledge score with mean 9.08and 2.1 and post -test knowledge scores with mean 11.42. The tabulated value is 8.34. pretest attitude level with mean 38.11.post -test attitude level with mean 44.21and 3.5 of people.The tabulated' value is 10.11. correlation between knowledge score and attitude level was 0.87hence it conclude that sociodrama on attitude regarding open air defecation in swach bharat abhiyan among people was effective..


The study was conducted to determine internet usage among nursing students in terms of frequency, duration, sites, and reasons/purposes of internet usage, and the level of satisfaction in terms of needs and goal attainment. The descriptive research design was employed in the study utilizing fifty (50) Nursing students as respondents: 10 students in Level I, 15 students in Level II, 10 students in Level III, and 15 students in Level IV. A researcher-made questionnaire was used in the data collection. The respondents were selected through the purposive sampling method. Majority of the respondents used the internet twice in a week; and only few are using the internet daily or more frequently than two times a week. And majority of the respondents' duration of internet use is 1-2 hours per day only. Most visited website is Google followed by Yahoo, Youtube, and Facebook followed by Wikipedia, Scribd. Most of the respondents answered research work as their primary reason/purpose of using the internet followed by assignments, studies, projects, and other reasons. Majority of the nursing students were moderately satisfied. The respondents rated their satisfaction of need and goal attainment as very satisfied, moderately satisfied, moderately dissatisfied, and very dissatisfied. The level 2 nursing students were more frequent in using the internet twice the frequency of the Level 3 nursing students. Nursing students from all four levels used internet only in a short duration of time (1-2 hours per day). Nursing students frequently visited Facebook as their primary website, when using the internet. Nursing students' purpose of using the internet is due to research works. Majority of the respondents are moderately satisfied with their internet use of commonly commercial website (not all data are accessible, accurate & valid) with any corresponding reasons/purposes thereof. Keywords - Internet usage, nursing students, Liceo de Cagayan University


Objective:Rose roxburghii Tratt polysaccharide was extracted from Rose roxburghii Tratt,then Roseroxburghii Tratt polysaccharide-Fe(Ⅲ) complex(RPC) was synthesized with Rose roxburghii Tratt polysaccharide and FeCl3.The study established the method of determination of iron in RPC.Methods:Rose roxburghii Tratt polysaccharide was Abstracted with warm water.RPC was synthesized with Rose roxburghii Tratt polysaccharide and FeCl3,under the alkaline condition(pH=8.0).At last the Fe(Ⅲ) content in RPC was detected by phenanthroline spectrophotometry.Results:RPC was heavy brownish red and shapeless powder.The content of Fe(Ⅲ) in RPC was 23.30% detected by phenanthroline spectrophotometry.Conclusion:It provides a basis for the Oral supplement iron agent of Rose roxburghii Tratt polysaccharide-Fe(Ⅲ)


Two efficient methods of calculation of market power that take into account the non-linearity of model of wholesale market of electric power are proposed: the one using the residual supply index to retrieve the local market power and the new linear optimization problem adapted for the Russian power market taking into account the network constraints and reactive power flows. The proposed methods of market power calculation are simple and efficient.


About 20--45% of the total power in any VLSI circuit is consumed by the clocking system and 90% of this power consumption is spent by flip-flops. Wider datapaths, deeper pipelines, and increasing number of registers in modern processors have underscored the importance of the flip-flops. As a result, the flip-flops' performance metrics such as, power, delay, and power delay product will become a crucial factor in overall performance of processors. As technology is moving into deep submicron level, noise immunity and noise generated by any component in a digital device is also becoming a vital factor in circuit design. This paper studies various flip-flop designs for their noise immunity and noise generation metrics. It categorizes the flip-flops and reports extensive simulation results for best representative examples including the newly proposed one from the group (a patent is filed for this flip-flop). It compares power, delay, power delay product, number of transistors, number of clocked transistors, noise immunity, and noise generation for flip-flops that are reported as ones with the best performances in the literature.


In the last 20 years NASA has worked in collaboration with industry to develop enabling technologies needed to make aircraft safer and more affordable, extend their lifetime, improve their reliability, better understand their behavior, and reduce their weight. To support these efforts, research programs starting with ideas and culminating in full-scale structural testing were conducted at the NASA Langley Research Center. Each program contained development efforts that (a) started with selecting the material system and manufacturing approach; (b) moved on to experimentation and analysis of small samples to characterize the system and quantify behavior in the presence of defects like damage and imperfections; (c) progressed on to examining larger structures to examine buckling behavior, combined loadings, and built-up structures; and (d) finally moved to complicated subcomponents and full-scale components. Each step along the way was supported by detailed analysis, including tool development, to prove that the behavior of these structures was well-understood and predictable. This approach for developing technology became known as the "building-block" approach. In the Advanced Composites Technology Program and the High Speed Research Program the building-block approach was used to develop a true understanding of the response of the structures involved through experimentation and analysis. The philosophy that if the structural response couldn't be accurately predicted, it wasn't really understood, was critical to the progression of these programs. To this end, analytical techniques including closed-form and finite elements were employed and experimentation used to verify assumptions at each step along the way. This paper presents a discussion of the utilization of the building-block approach described previously in structural mechanics research and development programs at NASA Langley Research Center. Specific examples that illustrate the use of this approach are included from recent research and development programs for both subsonic and supersonic transports.


The term "disparate mixture" here refers to a physical mixture composed of two distinct phases, where the physical properties of the phases are very dissimilar. It might be formed, e.g., from two immiscible gases or fluids, or from a soil‐water compound. The calculation of fields in such a mixture is discussed, leading to the development of a pair of coupled asymptotic series (corresponding to the field point in one or the other of the phases). The specific problem of acoustic wave fields due to a point source in a two‐fluid mixture illustrates the procedure. Questions of interest are: How does the mixture behave away from the limiting case, i.e., when the property ratio of the phases is very small but nonzero? How are successive terms in the series related to geometric length scales in the mixture (connectivity scales, inclusion size scales, matrix "gap" scales)? Preliminary results of applying the method to the reflection of plane waves from a flat interface are presented, and extensions to additional l...


Describes the use of flow chart techniques or ′clinical pathways′ by health care organizations who aim to use TQM to increase patient satisfaction. Acknowledges the fact that measurement of clinical processes is a complex task, involving input from many areas. Gives a case example of continuous improvement in one process of health care, with the result that quality of medical care improved.


A 37-year-old previously healthy man presented with a localized headache and a progressive enlarging mass in the left frontal area for more than 8 months. He also reported a history of head injury in the same area sustained two years before. On physical examination, the mass (about 28 mm in diameter) was hard to pressure with freely mobile skin above the lesion in the left frontal sus-orbital region. Ophthalmologic and neurologic examinations were normal. Cranial computed tomography scan showed an osteolytic intradiploic lesion with poorly defined margins (A and B). Magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperintense lesion on T2-weighted image and hypointense on T1-weighted image with gadolinium enhancement (C). The lesion was extradural with slight brain mass effect. Surgery consisted of total resection of the bony bluish lesion (D) and cranioplasty. The postoperative course was uneventful. Histological study revealed a cavernous hemangioma of the diploe. Bone hemangioma is a vascular hemartoma: a benign tumor arising from the intrinsic vasculature of the bone, commonly seen in long bones and vertebrae. Skull cavernous hemangiomas are rare tumors for which the origin is not yet clear. We suspected that in our case head injury may have been the cause of cavernous hemangioma in the cranial vault.


Spring 2004 Many organizations are inflicted with systemic mistrust, an invisible and highly contagious condition that stifles individual, team, and overall effectiveness. If left unchecked systemic mistrust can become part of corporate culture, resulting in chronic morale and productivity problems. OD practitioners can make an important contribution by helping organizations build trust and drive out systemic mistrust. This article defines systemic mistrust, explains why it often mysteriously resists treatment, and offers tips for eradicating it.


In recent years, conception through sperm donation, or donor insemination (DI), has received much publicity in the form of books, blogs, documentaries, films and interviews, both from its advocates and its critics. Rudimentary attempts at artificial insemination have, apparently, gone on for centuries. Modern methods were actually developed first for animal husbandry, where they were quite successful in animal breeding, and then transferred to use in humans by scientists, many of whom had a strong interest in eugenics.


There are several ongoing trends that affect the world and will shape the future in the next few decades. Technology's exponential growth is rapidly compounding the problems via automation and offshoring which are affecting the labour market. At the same time, technology provides opportunities for global collaboration and progress, when people are well equipped to use it to their advantage. The global economic crisis, with high levels of unemployment, in particular among youth, has added urgency to fostering better skills. Additionally, rising income inequality, largely driven by inequality in wages between high and low-skilled workers, also needs to be addressed. Globalisation plays a role too, by expanding access to pools of low-cost talent and creating a greater need for workers with higher levels of education and specific skills in advanced economies. The most promising solution to tackling these challenges is investing effectively in the development of the right skills. Labour market forecasting and changing skills demand suggest that people are required to master new competencies in order to adapt to new trends and circumstances and thrive in an innovation-driven economy. In order for the economy to remain competitive, it needs to transform itself from knowledge-based economy into a learning-based economy where its citizens will not only generate knowledge but will also know how to apply it, with the appropriate behaviour. In this paper, we explore the current trends shaping the labour market, the forecast for skills demand and supply according to these trends, the role of skills in labour market outcomes and lastly the competencies students should learn in order to thrive in the 21 st century labour market. We look into how these trends affect OECD countries and, based on data availability, zoom in on the Netherlands. 1. CURRENT TRENDS In the following section we explore trends that are influencing employment and shaping how work is done: the impact of technology, globalisation (internationalisation), employers' flexibility in how they use labour, the increased need for workers with higher levels of education and specific skills in advanced economies (intensification) and disparity in income growth. The challenge for advanced economies is understanding how work is changing and finding ways to prepare as many workers as possible for the jobs of the future. 1.1 Technology is changing the nature of work The impact of computing technology on labour productivity and skills demand Automation Technology is changing the nature of work and increasing both labour productivity and value added. Information and communication technologies (ICT) polarize labour markets, by increasing demand for the highly educated at the expense of the middle educated, with less effect on low-educated workers. Jobs involving routine cognitive tasks typically occur in the middle of the skill distribution and are susceptible to substitution by technology, whereas jobs involving non-routine tasks that


Objective To explore the related factors and preventive measures of postpartum hemorrhage led to emergency hysterectomy. Methods There were 40 cases of postpartum hemorrhage led to emergency hysterectomy form January 2007 to December 2010 in our hospital, retrospectively analyzed the relevant factors of postpartum hemorrhage lead to hysterectomy. Results The factors of postpartum hemorrhage lead to hysterectomy included placental factors (35.0%), uterine atony (35.0%), pregnancy complicated with uterine fibroids (15.0%), pregnancy complicated with cervical cancer (5.0%), uterine rupture (10.0%). The factor of uterine atony was decreasing, placental factors and pregnancy complications were increasing. Conclusion Hysterectomy is one of the primary means to rescue the life of puerpera, health care workers must strengthen preventive measures to reduce the rate of hysterectomy.


Background: Tobacco consumption was significantly higher in poor, less educated, scheduled castes and scheduled tribe populations. The prevalence of tobacco consumption increased up to the age of 50 years and then levelled or declined. The prevalence of smoking and chewing also varied widely between different states and had a strong association wi th individual's sociocultural characteristics.


Abstract Poems of Science is an anthology which has been edited by Mr J. Heath-Stubbs and Professor P. Salman. Its first edition will be published by Penguin Books Ltd in Spring 1984, and by the kind permission of the two editors and tbe publishers extracts from their Introduction to the anthology as well as a selection of the poems contained in it are reproduced here. These extracts from the Introduction, as well as the choice of poems here printed, were made by the Editor of Interdisciplinary Science Reviews. He would like to thank Mr Heath- Stubbs and Professor Salman and Mr MacFarlan of Penguin Books Ltd for the opportunity to present such a wide range of poetry from this remarkable interdisciplinary collection.


An unmanned four-leg Wellhead Platform(WHPC) depending on the existing facilities of manned Wellhead Platform WGPA and HYSY112 FPSO is developed in CFD11-3/5 oilfield.Based on meet production,safety and operation convenience,every systems of the WHPC platform are optimized,such as simplified equipment,general layout relatively simple.This article also introduces and summarizes application characteristic of other unmanned wellhead platforms using "Three-one" mode in marginal oilfields.


This thesis investigates the construction of the therapist-client alliance in the therapeutic setting with perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV). Moreover, it explores the ways a Feminist ...


There are two dynamical stable zones in the operation of solid laser containing a thermal lens. In this paper, we point out that in the two stable zones two kinds of dynamical stable states can exist in a laser resonator: mode-steady thermo-stable state and power-steady thermo-stable state. They are different from each other in general. The operating conditions for power-steady thermo-stable state are presented. A cw Nd:YAG thermo-stable resonator operating in power-steady states has been designed, and 40 W TEM00 output power in 1.06 μm is obtained experimentally.


The use of Tagetes erecta in the technology of phytoremediation of soils contaminated with lead ions under the conditions of a growing experiment was studied. Plants were grown on soil with added salt solutions (PbSO4), corresponding to concentrations of 1 MPC, 5 MPC, 10 MPC. The obtained data testify to the high resistance of Tagetes erecta to lead accumulation. Based on the values of the coefficient of biological absorption and migration of lead in plant organs, it was found that it is not an element that actively accumulates in the root system of plants, but at the same time is capable of moving to the aerial part. According to the accumulation of lead in the organs of the plant, marigolds can be attributed to the barrier type and they can be recommended for green building even with a high technogenic load. Keywords: PHYTOREMEDIATION, LEAD, TAGETES ERECTA, BIOLOGICAL ACCUMULATION COEFFICIENT, BIOLOGICAL MIGRATION COEFFICIENT


A three-dimensional numerical analysis of the neutral dynamics is performed in the case of a short-gap (0.5 mm) spark discharge in air confined in microcavities at atmospheric pressure (760 Torr) and ambient temperature (293 K). This work is undertaken in the framework of silicon microsystems bearing a micropump actuated by pressure waves which result from a discharge. The short-gap discharge characteristics are taken from experimental results namely 470 ns for the duration and 13.5 W for the maximum injected power. The neutral gas evolution is described by the classical transport equations and solved by a powerful numerical monotonic upstream-centered scheme for conversion laws. The gas–solid interaction occurring in thermal and hydrodynamic boundary layers is taken into account assuming that the microcavity temperature remains invariant (293 K). This article (part I) is devoted to the first evolution phase of the neutral dynamics whose the duration corresponds to the discharge time. Our results clearly ...


This article reports on a descriptive study conducted in late 2002 on the impact of middle nurse managers' transformational leadership characteristics on hospital registered nurses' sense of empowerment and job satisfaction during a hospital restructuring. The purpose of this study was to determine whether middle nurse managers' transformational leadership behaviors were related to an increase in job satisfaction and empowerment of staff RNs in a nursing service department undergoing restructuring. This study utilized a descriptive correlational design with convenience sampling. It was conducted from July to October 2002 in an acute care, for-profit hospital in the southeastern United States. The sample included full-time, part-time, and PRN staff registered nurses who were employed at this facility for at least 1 year. The instruments used to collect data were a demographic questionnaire, the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, the Organizational Job Satisfaction Scale, and the Reciprocal Empowerment Scale.


Atrial and ventricular fibrillation are considered as frequent cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, early detection of both fibrillation is important to support medical treatment. In this paper, design of detector circuit for atrial and ventricular fibrillation using R-R interval of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is reported and considered as a solution for early detection. The detector circuit was designed using easy buy components. The ECG signals were classified as Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR) when the R-R interval is detected regularly, Atrial Fibrillation (AF) when the R-R interval is detected irregularly, and Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) when the R-R interval is not detected. The system was directly tested using three human bodies for NSR category. Due to some limitations, three recorded ECG signals for each AF and VF were taken from PhysioNet database as samples. The system obtained square waves with amplitude of 5 V where every rising edges indicate R peaks. Experiment results show that the system can classify correctly.


The human resources function in organisations is continuing to grow in importance and influence. Considering the vast potential for using human resources to enhance productivity, improve quality, spur innovation, contain costs, and satisfy customers, but also the consequences of improper and ineffective human resources practices, accountability in human resource management is becoming crucial. Training is especially important as it can contribute directly to an employee's satisfaction, absenteeism and to an organisation's productivity, fluctuation and profitability. The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic approach to measurement of efficiency and effectiveness of different training activities.


Defects in high voltage transmission line components such as cracked insulators, broken wires rope, and corroded power line joints, are very common due to continuous exposure of these components to harsh environmental conditions. Consequently, they pose a great threat to humans and the environment. This paper presents a real-time aerial power line inspection system that aims to detect power line components such as insulators (polymer and porcelain), splitters, damper-weights, power lines, and then analyze these transmission line components for potential defects. The proposed system employs a deep learning-based framework using Jetson TX2 embedded platform for the real-time detection and localization of these components from a live video captured by remote-controlled drone. The detected components are then analyzed using novel defect detection algorithms, presented in this paper. Results show that the proposed detection and localization system is robust against highly cluttered environment, while the proposed defect analyzer outperforms similar researches in terms of defect detection precision and recall. With the help of the proposed system automatic defect analyzing system, manual inspection time can be reduced.


1,2-cis Glycosidic linkages are prevalent in natural glycans. Although key factors that control stereoselectivity of glycosylation have been largely understood, stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-cis glycosides is potentially problematic. To achieve exclusive formation of desired isomer, approaches based on intramolecular aglycon delivery (IAD) are of special promise. In the last two decades, various mixed acetal linkages and a number of glycosyl donor moieties have been making much progress to develop novel IAD strategies, mainly based on formation of the acetal linkages.The methodology toward the strereoselective 1,2-cis glycosylation using naphthylmethyl (NAP) ether-mediated IAD has been developed. Namely, 2-O-NAP protected donor was cleanly converted to the mixed acetal upon oxidative activation with DDQ. Subsequent activation of thioglycosidic linkage initiated the rearrangement of an aglycon from mixed acetal moiety to give a desired 1,2-cis glycoside. Stereospecific constructions of various 1,2-cis linkages, which are not only β-mannopyranoside but also other linkages such as β-L-rhamno-, α-glucopyrano- and β-arabinofurano-sides, were achieved through NAP-IAD. This methodology was successfully applied to the synthesis of various fragments of natural glycans.


The bracing systems of industrial buildings usually consist of diagonal bracings and horizontal braces,and the number of braced columns should not be more than 8 columns when the diagonal bracings are located at one side.Considering the randomness of the initial bow imperfection of columns in this paper,a large number of column-bracing systems were analyzed using the finite element program ANSYS when the diagonal bracings are located at one side,two sides and the middle.The research results indicate that the number of braced columns can respectively increased to 14 and 15 columns when the diagonal bracings are respectively located at two sides and the middle.So the number of braced columns can be reasonably ascertained to obtain the aim at safety and economy according to the location of diagonal bracings.


This paper presents a fortran program to solve diverse few-body problems with the stochastic variational method. Depending on the available computational resources the program is applicable for N = 2 − 3 − 4 − 5 − 6 − ...-body systems with L = 0 total orbital momentum. The solution with the stochastic variational method is " automatic " and universal. One defines the system (number of particles, masses, symmetry, interaction, etc.) and the program finds the ground state energy and wave function. The examples include nuclear (alpha particle: four-body, 6 He: six-body), atomic (tdµ − and e + e − e + e −) and subnuclear (the nucleon and the delta in a nonrelativistic quark model) systems. The solutions are accurate for excited states as well, and even the Efimov-states can be studied. The program is available from the author (


During the anesthesia recovery period, shivering is a common uncomfortable complaint of patients increasing oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, intraocular and intracranial pressures, all disadvantage for intracranial tumor surgery. The aim of our study is to observe the effect of different dosages of tramadol in the prevention and treatment of shivering after intracranial surgery.


The utility model relates to a control system of a self-service pipe type water purifier with an external heater. The self-service pipe type water purifier comprises a water purifier body and the heater and used for water purification and heating of ordinary municipal administration direct-supply tap water with the water pressure larger than or equal to 0.2MPa. The self-service pipe type water purifier comprises an electromagnetic valve, filters, a control panel, a water kettle upper cover, a water kettle and a power socket. A water inlet is formed in the electromagnetic valve. The water inlet is connected with a tap water pipe through a water inlet pipe. A water outlet is formed in the electromagnetic valve. The water outlet is connected with a water inlet of the filters through a pipe. A water outlet is formed in the filters. The water outlet corresponds to a water inlet of the water kettle. The control panel is used for controlling starting and stopping of water purification. Each filter comprises a filtering bottle. A sealing cover is installed on the upper portion of each filtering bottle. A filtering element shell is installed inside each filtering bottle. A filtering element is installed inside each filtering element shell. A water inlet and a water outlet are formed in each filtering bottle. Self-service insertion-and-pulling type structures are adopted between connectors of water inlets of the filtering element shells, connectors of water outlets of the filtering element shells, connectors of the water inlets of the filtering bottles and connectors of the water outlets of the filtering bottles.


Introduction In our previous pilot study on the internet I Want The Kit (IWTK) home self-collection program for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), a voluntary risk score tool predicted STIs well for the female volunteers but not for the males. We investigated the association of IWTK risk score and the presence of STIs in male users when the risk score quiz became mandatory for the program. Methods A six-question quiz which includes demographic and sexual risk behaviour became a mandatory part of IWTK in August 2103. This analysis was restricted to male participants living in Maryland and Washington DC using IWTK August 2013–April 2015. Cochran-Armitage trend test was performed to determine if the prevalence of STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhoea, or trichomonas infection) increased with the higher score of risk score category. Results Overall, 592 male participants submitted specimens for STI testing and completed risk score quizzes. The majority (57%) were Conclusions After excluding potential selection bias, IWTK risk score tool predicted the presence of STIs for male users and could potentially be used for identifying hotspots for STI intervention. Disclosure of interest statement The research group has received research funding from U54EB007958, NIBIB, NIH; AI068613–01, NIH, NIAID.


This paper is an attempt to understand the role of international law in World Trade law ("WTO Law"), and the scope of such a relationship. The relationship has been viewed at two levels – that the general principles of international law automatically apply to the WTO legal system, unless explicitly 'contract out', and, that international law does not apply to WTO legal system since it has been conceived as lex specialis, excluding 'other' international law, unless otherwise provided in the agreements. These contrasting approaches have direct implications on the nature, scope and outcome of the WTO dispute settlement process. The interpretation of the WTO agreements against the background of public international law could offer the WTO adjudicating bodies not only a large body of well established principles helpful in clarifying ambiguities and strengthen remedies, but also in ensuring the completeness of the WTO legal system. On the other hand, the 'fall back' option may lead to expansionist tendencies by the panels and the Appellate Body reading into the WTO law obligations not sanctioned by the WTO Agreement or foreseen by the negotiators in the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations. The paper views international legal system as a coherent whole, mutually dependent body of rules, and general international law could play a significant role in strengthening the WTO law. The paper, however, cautions that incorporation of general international law by the WTO adjudicating bodies 'lock, stock and barrel', may upset the carefully negotiated balance in the WTO legal system and the rights and obligations specifically designed for the WTO framework.


In the five ton swing set control system of some research institute,the inertia of the load is relatively big,and control unit uses PLC,and its accuracy is 50ms,so simple application of position style PI control arithmetic may make the system be out of control and its run curve not be the scheduled sine wave.But when position style PI arithmetic with a step inertial part added is adopted in the debugging of system,in addition,control dead area and speed restriction are reckoned with,there is a good effect in practical debugging.


1983 FIELD GUIDE TO THE ELECTRONIC MEDIA (channels of Communication, 1515 Broadway, New York, NY 10036---$3.00, paper) CHANGES, CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES IN THE NEW ELECTRONIC MEDIA by William L. McGee, et al. (BMC Publications, 450 Mission St., San Francisco, CA 94105---$200.00, with quarterly supplements also available by subscription) NEW PROGRAM OPPORTUNITIES IN THE ELECTRONIC MEDIA (Practising Law Institute, 810 Seventh Ave., New York, NY 10019---$35.00, paper) TELEVISION'S TELETEXT by Richard H. Veith (Amsterdam: North-Holland/New York Elsevier Science Publishing, 1983---$24.50) COMPETITION IN LOCAL DISTRIBUTION: THE CABLE TELEVISION INDUSTRY by Robert Pepper (Harvard Program on Information Resources Policy, 200 Aiken, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138---price not given, paper)


Gas turbine systems are predominantly designed to be fuelled with gaseous fuels within a limited Wobbe index range (typically HHV = 45–55 MJ/Nm3 or 1200–1480 Btu/scf). When low calorific fuel gases are fired, the engine will be forced to operate outside its design envelope. The added mass flow will typically raise the cycle pressure ratio and in two-shaft designs also raise the gas generator shaft speed. In this study, the response of a natural gas fired simple cycle two-shaft gas turbine operating at full firing temperature is investigated. A model based on the Volvo Aero Corp. VT4400 gas turbine (originally Dresser Rand DR990) characterized by one compressor and two expander maps is considered. The free turbine is operated at fixed physical speed. Different amounts of N2 or CO2 are added to the fuel path. These two inerts are typically found in large quantities in medium and low calorific fuels. The fuels lower heating value is thus gradually changed from 50 MJ/kg (21.5 kBtu/lb) to 5MJ/kg (2.15 kBtu/lb). Emphasis has been put on predicting the compressor behavior in different resizing scenarios. The full 'firing temperature' operating point in the compressor map is tracked as the compressor size is reduced up to 7.5%, high pressure turbine size is increased up to 20%, low pressure turbine size is changed ±7.5% or up to 10% of steam (c.f. design point compressor air mass flow) is injected between the turbines. Different re-matching schemes are discussed where one turbomachinery component size is fixed and the two other component sizes are changed such that the compressor design point is restored. Finally a re-optimized turbine flow path is computed in a fixed compressor size scenario. Results are, as far as possible, given as non-dimensional parameter groups for easy comparison with other machines.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


A wide tuning range millimeter-wave voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) based on a magnetically coupled π-type LC network in 65-nm CMOS is proposed. By configuring the switched negative-resistance unit, the VCO can oscillate at the even mode or the odd mode of the magnetically coupled π-type LC network, thus the tuning range is widened without introducing the switch loss into the resonator. The proposed VCO achieves a measured continuous tuning range of 39%, from 47.6 to 71.0 GHz. The measured phase noise for a 47.6-GHz carrier at the even mode and 56.2-GHz carrier at the odd mode are -110.3 and -107.3 dBc/Hz at 10-MHz offset with a corresponding FOMT of -185.5 and -183.9 dBc/Hz, respectively. The measured phase noise in the whole frequency tuning range varies from -101.7 to -113.4 dBc/Hz at 10-MHz offset, while the corresponding figure-of-merit (FOM) and FOMT vary from -167.8 to -179.0 dB and -179.6 to 190.6 dB, respectively. The VCO core consumes 8.9-10.4-mA current from 1.0-V power supply and 320 × 230 μm 2 die area.


In natural language relationships between entities can asserted within a single sentence or over many sentences in a document. Many information extraction systems are constrained to extracting binary relations that are asserted within a single sentence (single-sentence relations) and this limits the proportion of relations they can extract since those expressed across multiple sentences (inter-sentential relations) are not considered. The analysis in this paper focuses on finding the distribution of inter-sentential and single-sentence relations in two corpora used for the evaluation of Information Extraction systems: the MUC6 corpus and the ACE corpus from 2003. In order to carry out this analysis we had to manually mark up all the management succession relations described in the MUC6 corpus. It was found that inter-sentential relations constitute 28.5% and 9.4% of the total number of relations in MUC6 and ACE03 respectively. This places upper bounds on the recall of information extraction systems that do not consider relations that are asserted across multiple sentences (71.5% and 90.6% respectively).


The performance of several turbulence models in the prediction of convective heat transfer due to slot jet impingement onto flat and concave cylindrical surfaces is evaluated against available experimental data. The candidate models for evaluation are (1) the standard k – ϵ model, (2) the RNG k – ϵ model, (3) the realizable k – ϵ model, (4) the SST k – ω model, and (5) the LRR Reynolds stress transport model. Various near-wall treatments such as equilibrium wall function and two-layer enhanced wall treatment are used in combination with these turbulence models. The computations are performed using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Fluent. From the validation exercises, it is found that when the impingement surface is outside the potential core of the jet, most of the turbulence models predict reasonably accurate thermal data (local Nusselt number variation along the impingement surface). When the impingement surface is within the potential core of the jet, the turbulence models grossly overpredict the Nusselt number in the impingement region, but in the wall jet region the Nusselt number prediction is fairly accurate. Overall, the RNG k – ϵ model with the enhanced wall treatment and the SST k – ω model predict the Nusselt number distribution better than the other models for the flat plate as well as for the concave surface impingement cases. However, the hydrodynamic data such as the mean velocity profiles are not accurately predicted by the SST k – ω model for the concave surface impingement case, whereas the RNG k – ϵ model predictions of the velocity profiles agree very well with the experiment. The Reynolds stress model does not show any distinctive advantage over the other eddy viscosity models.


HERS are methods of rating the energy performance or energy-efficiency of a house by calculating (usually incorporating a computer simulation) the energy load and/or energy consumption of a dwelling for several end-uses such as heating, cooling and water heating. Inherent in all the methodologies is the assumption of 'typical' occupant-related factors such as number of people, number and use of appliances, and thermostat settings. The climate used in the calculations is also standardised for a given location. Typically a HERS rating is expressed as a number of points or a number of Stars. A house rating however, has many potential sources of error such as inaccurate calculation algorithms, incorrect assumptions about the physical properties of the building, wrong assumptions concerning the operation of the building and finally mistakes in data entry to the computer program. Given the apparent importance placed on HERS in national greenhouse reduction policies it is surprising to find so little written about them and almost no work that investigates the claims that HERS save energy and costs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper describes research in Australia that has attempted to correlate the rhetoric of HERS with reality. The results have possible implications for all HERS.


In this paper, a fiber optic displacement sensor with a new reflectivity compensation method is presented. The proposed compensation method is based on two light receiving channels with characteristic displacement sensitivities. The sensitivity characteristic for each channel is achieved by using fibers with different numerical apertures. The ratio of the intensity values of the two receiving channels is a function of the object displacement and fairly independent from the reflectivity of the measured object. The sensor is characterized by a well-defined measurement spot. By use of a focus lens mounted onto the fiber optics probe head, the object displacement range can be extended. The sensor is suitable for measurements with changing object reflectivity and demanding distance ranges.


Marketing strategy has a very important role for the success of the company's generally business and in particular marketing. Besides the marketing strategy should also be conditioned according to developments market. The purpose of this study is to determine the condition of the external and internal environment on the CV. Purnama Malang and to formulate marketing strategies on the industry CV. Purnama Malang. Analysis tools used in research that is uses descriptive analysis, research aimed at describing or outlining the characteristics of a state. Next to it then use descriptive analysis SWOT analysis (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats), where the analytical model describes the overall environment that affects the determination of strategy for the company.
From the analysis of the internal environment can be obtained which is the result that the power company that is about product quality is superior, giving a bonus to the tavern / restaurant and shops as well as cheaper prices than competitors. The weaknesses of the company that became a factor that is on the promotion of products that have not maximal, cafes / restaurants and shops are still small compared to competitors, and lack of transportation facilities. Analysis of the external environment can be obtained the results that the factors are still vast opportunities of the target market, many shops & restaurants / cafes that have not worked with the company, the number of customers who do not consume the product and accelerate product distribution channels. Further factors that threaten the company's competitors about the company kind of substitute products and competitors. Formulation of appropriate strategies by using a strategy based on the strength of the opportunities that are owned (SO), to consider that the strategy is able to provide tangible support for efforts to increase sales.
Suggestions may be made in this research that the company is expected to consider the condition which is the company's internal weaknesses of the company. It is expected the company to anticipate the competition that occurs is to use all forms of power held by the company. In an effort to support the implementation of the strategy formulation to be applied, expected the company tried to develop a range of marketing areas and supported by the guarantee of the quality of products offered. It is expected the company in conducting activities of production and sales into consideration the results of forecasting has been done.


A new type of feedstock, alternative to cast ingots or pre-processed billets and suitable for semisolid net-shape forming, is described. It has a form of coarse particulates with different morphology/size and can be generated by mechanical comminution or rapid solidification. Manufacturing of the particulate feedstock created a niche market with growing opportunities for the magnesium industry.


Received July 28, 2017 Revised August 23, 2017 Accepted August 23, 2017 Address for correspondence Dong-Kyu Kim, MD, PhD Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHead Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 77 Sakju-ro, Chuncheon 24253, Korea Tel +82-33-240-5181 Fax +82-33-241-2909 E-mail firstname.lastname@example.com Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal mucosa and it usually affects substantial impaired quality of life. CRS is a highly heterogeneous disease and currently defined as subgroups of patients based on nasal endoscopic findings, accompanied either by CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) or CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). However, clinical phenotypes does not adequately reflect the pathophysiologic diversity within patients with CRS. Thus, CRS was also classified according to the inflammatory endotypes, which defined as subtypes of disease with an immunologically different from others by the involvement of a specific molecule or cell. To date, it has been well known that CRSsNP patients characterized by a predominant T helper cell type 1 inflammatory response, whereas CRSwNP patients from Western driven by a T helper cell type 2 inflammation and increased eosinophil infiltration. Meanwhile, CRSwNP patients from Asian displayed a mixed T cell profile with a non-eosinophilic inflammation pattern. However, recent some studies have reported the new discoveries regarding immunologic different endotypes of CRSwNP, such as innate lymphoid cells and activated B-cell mediated immune response. Therefore, herein we describe concepts and new discoveries of immunologic endotype in patients with CRSwNP. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2017;60(9):431-6


The quantum Euclidean spheres, S q , are (noncommutative) homogeneous spaces of quantum orthogonal groups, SOq(N). The ∗-algebra A(S N−1 q ) of polynomial functions on each of these is given by generators and relations which can be expressed in terms of a self-adjoint, unipotent matrix. We explicitly construct complete sets of generators for the K-theory (by nontrivial self-adjoint idempotents and unitaries) and the K-homology (by nontrivial Fredholm modules) of the spheres S q . We also construct the corresponding Chern characters in cyclic homology and cohomology and compute the pairing of K-theory with K-homology. On odd spheres (i. e., forN even) we exhibit unbounded Fredholm modules by means of a natural unbounded operatorD which, while failing to have compact resolvent, has bounded commutators with all elements in the algebra A(S q ). math.KT/0210139, SISSA/FM 66/2002, QM-DSM/528 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 19D55; Secondary 20G42, 58B34.


This paper analyzes a spectrum of answers to the critical diagnose of Argentinean education. It builds a typology of alternatives for educational improvement, stressing the importance of experiences which articulate public and private initiatives. These are classified into four types, according to two main variables: financing and technical capacity. These functions can be assigned to both private and public actors. We will track, analyze and identify distinctive traits of these articulating strategies and we will describe the general characteristics of the "Schools of the Bicentennial" project, which combines elements from different types of strategies, establishing a combined institutional type. This case study has a meaningful value, since it presents a way to effectively attend the educative problems of the Latin American region.