This article is based on Equal funded work carried out by NICEC Fellows Jackie Sadler and Leigh Henderson in three prisons in the East of England, where IAG in custody is provided by Tribal, and one in the South West supported by a Tribal Area (now Regional) Manager, Cheryl Westbury. It seeks to draw out some of the challenges of providing information, advice and guidance in prison and the development work carried out under the Equal project and subsequent experience. The project was managed by Tribal under Equal funding initially and subsequently as part of the LSC East of England Test Bed programme.


Abstract. This study represents the first contribution within a research project aimed at defining design criteria for energy efficiency in food processing farm buildings. In this context, small to medium wine-growing and producing farms call for a specific approach to building design, since criteria available for industrial wineries are not suited to this production sector. This study assesses the effects of various building design solutions on the energy performances of farm wineries and estimates relevant differences in construction costs. The following design variables were considered: plan and elevation composition, sun-shading surfaces, and construction technology. The following building design solutions were analyzed and compared through 3D computer modeling, energy simulation, and finite element structural analysis: aboveground building (I), partially underground building (II), and partially underground building with sun-shading elements (III). The analyses provided results in terms of the variation of mean indoor temperature throughout the year, the amount of energy to be transferred to maintain predefined temperatures in areas provided with thermal control systems, and differences in construction costs. Based on these results, we found that the partially underground solution (II) produced a reduction in the overall energy demand of 14% for heating and 50% for cooling in comparison with the aboveground solution (I). In particular, concerning the wine aging room, if it is built totally underground, the reduction in the energy demand for this area is 100% for heating and 75% for cooling. The adoption of sun-shading devices (solution III) allows an overall reduction of 27% for cooling. Design solutions II and III entail construction cost increases ranging from 12% to 27%, depending on the construction technology, but also allow wineries to reduce their energy consumption by up to 63%, and consequently their operating costs, with positive effects on the farm's image due to ever-increasing environmental concerns. This study also takes into consideration the effects of wine barrels on the aging room energy demands. Different numbers of barrels were introduced into the simulations, and results showed an energy demand increase of 12% to 26% to store 400 barrels and a linear dependence between the number of barrels and the energy demand increase.


Unless clinical studies demonstrate previously unrecognized changes on serial MR imaging studies under such circumstances which likely are not based on the mechanisms of actions described earlier, the recommendation for short-term follow-up MR imaging after preoperative assessment should be reconsidered.


The study investigated the preference for delivery in 40 pregnant women using a semi-structured interview. Most women (75%) reported a preference for vaginal delivery, mainly because they believe it will result in a speedy recovery and be better for them and/or their babies. Of the women interviewed, 15% preferred a caesarean section because they considered it be less painful. These preferences, in general, were influenced by friends. Most women said they had fear of parturition due to: feelings of pain/suffering, concern of something happening to them or their babies and because the situation is unknown or assessed in a negative fashion. The presence of trusted people, like one's husband, mother or doctor, could minimize this fear. These results reinforce the contributions of health professionals, such as psychologists, in answering the psychosocial needs of pregnant women in situations of delivery and birth. Keywords: vaginal birth; caesarean section; pregnancy; health psychology.


Effect of Mo interlayer on the relaxation of residual stress in AlN/Cu pint bonded by active-metal brazing method was investigated. The stress analyses by finite-element-method, the measurement of pint strength and the observation of fracture surface were carried out and their results were compared with each other. From the results of stress analysis it is confirmed that a Mo interlayer led to a shift of maximum stress concentration site from AlN/insert-metal interface insert-metal/MoMo interlayer. Additionally, with increase of the Mo interlayer thickness the stress concentration with tensile component was separately built both at the interface of Cu/Mo and AlN/Mo. whereby the residual stress in the free surface of AlN close to the bonded interface was drastically reduced. The AlN/Mo/Cu pints with Mo interlayer thickness of above 400 showed the strengths higher than 200 MPa. upto max. 275 MPa, while the AlN/Cu pint only max. 52 MPa.


Based on the daily average temperature and extreme minimum temperature data of sixteen meteorological stations during 1961-2009 in Urumqi city and Changji Hui national autonomous prefecture of Xinjiang(Urumqi-Changji region),the fundamental fine spatial-temporal change characteristic of various agroclimatic heat elements,such as the mean temperature of annual,January and July,the annual accumulated temperature of ≥0℃ and ≥10℃,frost-free period and the negative accumulated temperature in winter,were analyzed by using the methods of linear regression,Mann-Kendall test and three-dimensional and quadratic trend surface simulation and inverse-distance square weighting residual error revising based on ArcGIS.The main results were as the follows: the agroclimatic heat resource was very obviously different in different regions in Urumqi-Changji region.Generally,the average temperature of annual and July were higher,and the annual accumulated temperature of ≥0℃ and ≥10℃ and the frost-free period were more in plain and valley than that in mountain areas,and western were more than eastern,but by the influence of winter inversion,January mean temperature was higher and the negative accumulated temperature was less in piedmont sloping plain to hillside central of Tianshan mountain than in northern plains and higher mountain areas in Urumqi-Changji region.In the background of global warming,agroclimatic heat resources have a significant increasing in recent 49 years in Urumqi-Changji region,generally,the mean temperature of annual,January and July,accumulated temperature of ≥0℃ and ≥10℃,frost-free period have a significant increasing trend,and them had the discontinuity increased in 1973 to 2004 respectively,negative accumulated temperature had a significant decreasing trend and it had the discontinuity reduced in 1988.But the change range of before and after various agroclimatic heat elements have discontinuity changed were larger in plain than in mountain areas,and larger in urban than in suburban.


Agricultural administration by information is one of the important components of sustainable agriculture in future. Because agricultural system concerns nature, ecology, resource, economy, society, policy and funds, contains farming, transporting and selling, it needs large quantities of spatial information and advanced information networks for management, analyticat tools and expert system for decision support. On the basis of commenting on "3S" technique, this paper develops a basic frame for agricultural system administration by information, and discusses its key techniques and applications in general.


Abstract This article is a brief meditation on 'visions' of art: do we mean concepts, ideas, manifestos concerned with art, or some ineffable visionary nature of art? Much art, past and present, speaks of bodily needs, of everyday angst, the horrors of war and a relentless history of traumas. Our capacity to respond to the world that we presently inhabit has become inured to shock, our empathy mediated by the simulacra of consumption. We are now witness to the delirium of the collapse of the market and the cynical manoeuvres of democratic governance. What can art do to restore trust in humanity? Is that the visionary role required of it by the future?


The question which the paper investigates is the studying of the political elite of dynamic transitional political regimes. Traditionally political élite is studied as a social group, in framework of such studies the personal structure of this group, the channels of incorporation and excorporation are explored, but it is noteworthy that the subject of political élite of transitive or transformational societies is somewhat wider than a mere social characteristic of the ruling class: in the first place, this problem concerns the peculiarities of the ruling regime, design of the power institutions, prospects of transformation and directions of transformation of political system. Application of the systems analysis to studying the political élite enabled to analyze the structure and functions of the élite, create a model of élitogenesis. Studying the political élite as a system but not merely a social group allowed to substantially broaden the scope for analyzing it. The report presents theoretical calculations. The present "system-élite" concept was used in the study of the transformation processes in the regions in the post-Soviet Russia. The empirical material obtained in this way made it possible to elaborate the theoretical model. Nevertheless, the theoretical model needs some further testing and completion on a broader empirical basis.


The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between elementary school students'brain preference and the form of external representation of science learning materials. The participants of this study were 105 sixth graders at ○○ Elementary School in Seoul. The researchers surveyed the participants' brain preference, and developed learning materials mainly in the verbal (text) and visual (image) forms of representation using four themes of science learning that excluded prior knowledge as much as possible. Errors resulting from redundancy were excluded through inputting learning materials of one representation form for the same topic. According to the results of this study, students of left-brain and both brain types did not have a preferred mode of representation. In right-brain students, however, their understanding was higher for materials of visual representation than for those of verbal representation. These findings mean that right brain students' understanding of learning contents and their achievement may vary depending on the mode of representation to be used in presenting learning materials. Accordingly, when learning materials are developed, the developers need to consider the learners' brain preference particularly for right-brain students.


Summary In a paper in this journal, Backhouse (1976) described three methods of determining grades on a common scale for two groups offering a common paper in an examination. This is an important measurement problem and the need to find a solution to it has been intensified by current proposals for reforming examinations at 16+ and 18+, both of which envisage choice of papers according to level of achievement, taste, specialization etc. The purpose of this paper is to show that two of Backhouse's methods for dealing with the problem are unsatisfactory, while the other is likely to be unacceptable on non‐technical grounds. Worked examples to substantiate the objections are given. Finally another method for solving the problem is introduced.


Collective apologies are delivered with the overarching purpose of facilitating reconciliation between groups in conflict. While past research has examined how victim groups respond to collective apologies, little work has looked at how members of perpetrator groups react to apologies made on their behalf. In the present thesis we examined how collective apologies were received by members of a perpetrator group as a function of apology sincerity (Study 1 and 2) and in-group response (Study 2). Specifically, we looked at the impact of apology sincerity and in-group response on participants' support for the apology, their corresponding willingness to reconcile and levels of intergroup avoidance. In Study 1 (N=34) participants were asked to read a text excerpt of a political apology (either sincere or insincere). We found that participants were able to distinguish between the two apologies on a measure of sincerity, but their level of support for each apology was not significantly different. In Study 2 (N=77) participants were again presented with either a sincere or insincere apology and information about whether other in-group members typically accepted or rejected this apology. We found that when other in-group members were seen to accept the apology, participants' support for the apology and their willingness to reconcile was significantly increased. Interestingly, participants expressed a significantly greater desire for intergroup avoidance when the in-group was seen to reject a sincere apology. Taken together our results indicate that in order for collective apologies to promote reconciliation, other in-group members must be seen to be accepting of the apology. The theoretical and practical implications of this research are also discussed.


In recent years, professionals and families alike have expressed dissatisfaction over the tools and techniques used to evaluate and assess the communication skills of infants and toddlers (Campione, 1989; Crais, 1992a, 1993; Neisworth & Bagnato, 1992; Wetherby & Prizant, 1992). These dissatisfactions are often the result of a number of features that characterize many standardized tools and the limitations inherent in their use. In addition, ideas related to the ecological framework within which assessment should take place have altered our thinking about both the context and procedures employed. This article discusses several of the issues related to the growing dissatisfaction with current assessment tools and provides an overview of tools and techniques developed within the last several years that address some of these issues.


We study integral representations of the Gevrey series solutions of irregular hypergeometric systems under certain assumptions. We prove that, for such systems, any Gevrey series solution, along a coordinate hyperplane of its singular support, is the asymptotic expansion of a holomorphic solution given by a carefully chosen integral representation.


The majority of popular English named entity recognition (NER) datasets used to train models source Western contexts of English, despite the existence of many foreign, non-Western contexts of English. In this project, I analyze NER model performance in low-resource, foreign contexts of English. I build a bidirectional LSTM RNN, train it on a popular Western-English dataset and a foreign English context dataset, and compare my results with a state-of-the-art GloVe-based model. Ultimately, I aim to quantify and explain model errors observed when training on a Western-context dataset and testing on foreign contexts (and vice versa). My model performed similarly to the state-of-the-art, indicating that the differences in model architecture did not affect performance in either context. Furthermore, I find that even with RoBERTa pretraining, both models exhibit significant performance losses (over a 10 percent drop in F1) that are salient beyond annotation differences between the two datasets. Additionally, I examine model error, finding that the models were most prone to error when sentence context is ambiguous, especially if the named entities were missing from the pretrain word vectors and training data. I also observe that merging the two models produces significant gains in foreign contexts of English while retaining strong performance in Western contexts. 1 Key Information to include • Mentor: Rishi Desai • External Collaborators (if you have any): None • Sharing project: Extending upon work with the foreign NER dataset from CS195, where I built the dataset


On 3 February 1994 far from the mountainous and sandy expanses of the central Sahara, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) brought the protracted conflict between Libya and Chad to an end by ruling the Aouzou Strip separating the two states was part of Chad. This chapter explores how the parties as well as the Court drew boundaries, not only in the sand, but importantly, between 'law' and 'politics'. Libya's claims challenged prevailing understandings about international law's past by offering alternative approaches to international legal personality under colonialism. Historically, the Sahara has served as source of division, not only for the constitution of 'Arabness' but also for the allocation of international legal personality. Libya's rejection of uti possidetis was just as 'legal' as Chad's, but in failing to reflect the dominant discourse employed in postcolonial territorial disputes some of its arguments failed to convince a bench content with established practice.Keywords: central Sahara; Chad; international legal personality; Libya; postcolonial territorial disputes


ABSTRACT When Humanae Vitae (the Vatican's encyclical banning the contraceptive pill) was released in July 1968, it was the culmination of years of intense speculation and well-founded anticipation of a change in papal teaching on birth control. This article explores the gendered ambiguities embedded within this watershed document and its role as a touchstone for, paradoxically, both progressive and conservative interrogations of Catholic masculinities. It argues that the encyclical was a catalyst for refashioned lay understandings of married love and sexual intimacy throughout 'middle England' and thereby offers a new perspective on longstanding debates about the sixties, permissiveness and secularization in Britain.


High efficiency gene transfer (>90%) in chicken dorsal root ganglion neurons has been obtained by DNA calcium phosphate co-precipitation, hence providing an important tool to study control of gene expression in primary neurons. Transfection with c-fos promoter sequences linked to the chlorampheni-col acetyltransferase reporter gene showed that the serum responsive element functions as a strong tran-scriptional enhancer. Transcription from this element is developmentally regulated, and mediates the genetic response to nerve growth factor (NGF) in developing avian sensory neurons. Furthermore, NGF exerts a negative effect on transcription from the cyclic AMP responsive element, thereby supporting the involvement of tyrosine kinase activation by NGF in primary sensory neurons. N E_RVE growth factor (NGF) l is a well-characterized trophic factor for sympathetic neurons, neural crest-derived sensory neurons, and forebrain cholinergic neurons (Levi-Montalcini and Angeletti, 1968; Thoenen and Barde, 1980; Johnson et al., 1986). However, the mechanism of signal transduction and consequent gene activation underlying NGF action are still poorly understood. Most studies on genetic responses to NGF have been performed on PC12 cells, which are chromaffin-like cells (Greene and Tischler, 1976) that undergo a morphological switch when treated with NGF. The appearance of a neuronal phenotype is preceded by activation of a set of immediate early genes (Kujubu et al., 1987). One of these is the proto-oncogene c-fos (Kruijer et al., 1985; Greenberg et al., 1985) which, by dimerization with the Jun proteins, forms the transcription factor API (for review see Morgan and Curran, 1991). The API complex in turn activates the expression of intermediate and late genes characteristic of the neuronal cells (Gizang-Ginsberg and Ziff, 1990). The c-fos promoter includes a serum response element (SRE), also termed dyad symmetry element (DSE), located 300-bp upstream of the transcriptional start site (Treisman, 1985; Gilman et al., 1988; Greenberg et al., 1987), which mediates activation by protein kinase C and growth factors that bind to receptors with tyrosine kinase activity, including NGF (Maher, 1988; Bothwell, 1991). The SRE also represents the major target for autoregulation of c-fos transcription in HeLa cells (Shaw et al., 1989). An AP1 binding site adjacent to the SRE participates in the basal promoter activity in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts (Koening et al., 1989; Schoenthal et al., 1989). C-fos induction by cyclic AMP is 1. Abbreviations used in this paper: CAT, chloramphenicol acetyltransfer-independent of SRE (Gilman, 1988), and is mediated by the cyclic AMP response element (CRE) located 65-bp upstream of the …


Software vulnerabilities present a significant impediment to the safe operation of many computer applications, both proprietary and open source. Fortunately, many static analysis tools exist to identify potential security issues. We present the results of evaluating multiple subsets of open source code for common software vulnerabilities using several such static security analysis tools. These results aid other developers in better discerning which tools to use in evaluating their own programs for security vulnerabilities.


The method for producing a steam cracking device feed material containing sulfur from crude natural gas comprises (a) a step of separating a gas field condensate sulfur-containing liquid fraction from the crude natural gas, (b) a step of furthermore separating hydrocarbon compound from the natural gas to obtain sulfur-containing plant condensate, (c) a step of producing a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen from the gas obtained in the step (b), (d) a step of producing paraffin products by performing Fischer-Tropsch reaction using the carbon monoxide and the hydrogen of the step (c), (e) a step of blending the paraffin products or a part thereof with the sulfur-containing fraction containing the hydrocarbon compound obtained in the step (b) to obtain the steam cracking device feed material containing sulfur which feed material has 50-1,000 ppm sulfur content.


Background: The choice of diet method by teenage girl can be influenced by the knowledge.Methods: This study aimsto determining the validity and reliability of the knowledge and diet behavior questionnaire. The subject of this research is 30 female students. Data analysis of the validity using analysis of difficulty levels, differentiating power, distractor analysis, discrimination test and Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio (CVR) analysis. The reliability test using Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient test.Results: The results showed that 24 items of knowledge questions were declaired valid and 15 items in the diet behavior questionnaire were declared valid.The reliability test of the questionnaire for knowledge and diet behavior was declared reliable with result 0,877 and 0,858.Conclusions: The validity and reliability test of the instrument have proven that the instrument of diet knowledge and behavior has good validity and reliability values.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 07 No. 02 April'23 Page: 133-138


geosynthetic clay liners and geomem-branes for an applied hydraulic head of 1 m for porous materials. The difference in pressure applied between both faces of the geomembranes and multicomponent GCLs is 100 kPa (from Touze, 2021).


Purpose

To quantify the visual function requirements to perform in a primary school classroom setting.

 Methods

33 classrooms of Years 5 and 6 (children aged 10-12 years) from 8 schools were included. The classroom activities undertaken for a full day (9am-3pm) were observed and a range of measurements recorded; text size and contrast of learning materials, habitual working distances (distance and near) and time spent performing various classroom tasks. These measures were used to calculate demands for distance and near visual acuity, contrast and sustained use of accommodation and vergence.

 Results

The minimum resolution requirements for distance and near were 0.3±0.1 and 0.7±0.1 logMAR (using maximum viewing distances and smallest target sizes). Mean contrast levels of learning materials at distance and near were >70% (an average contrast reserve of 25:1). Near tasks (47%) dominated the academic tasks performed in the classroom followed by distance (29%), distance to near (15%) and computer-based (9%). On average, children maintained continuous near fixation for 23.2±4.7 minutes at a time and during distance-near tasks performed fixation changes 10±0.9 times per minute. The mean habitual near working distance was 22.9±1.3 cm, which corresponds to a 4.4±0.2 D accommodative demand and the vergence demand was 0.9±0.1Δ at distance and 21.9±1.1 Δ at near assuming an average pupillary distance of 56 mm.

 Conclusions

The visual demands placed on children in modern classrooms were greater than those reported for traditional classrooms, likely due to inclusion of modern technologies. Relatively high levels of visual acuity, contrast processing and sustained accommodative-convergence are required to perform optimally in the classroom environment. These findings are important for determining evidence-based prescribing guidelines and developing paediatric vision screening protocols and referral criterion.


Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans is a severe form of chronic obstructive lung disease in children that follows an insult to the lower respiratory tract infection.It′s associated with viruses, bacteria and mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.Persist wheezing, recurrent exacerbation and exercise intolerance are the main manifestations.Mosaic attenuation and air trapping can be seen in HRCT.Lung function test shows obstructive dysfunction.Its prognosis is bad.Early identification and management of severe post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans can improve prognosis greatly.

Key words:
Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans; Early identification; Early management


Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) may be considered as one of the excellent construction materials because it exhibits efficient load carrying capabilities in combination with its lightweight characteristics. However, there is a dearth of knowledge about the structural performance of locally-produced CFS in the Philippines and yet it is used for structures by just simply following foreign standards and guides. The objective of this study is to verify experimentally and computationally the performance of C-shaped Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) when subjected to concentric axial compression load considering buckling. The experimental aspect subjects the CFS members with compressive loads using hydraulic jacks and load cell. For the computational aspect, provisions found in the NSCP were used to determine the strength in compression of the members based on the actual dimensions, thicknesses and lengths of the member together with the material properties of the steel. This was done to a total of 126 samples with 1 section shape, 6 different lengths and 5 different thicknesses. It was found that the strength calculations for both distortional buckling failure and torsional-flexural buckling failure given by the NSCP provisions were not consistent with the results of the compression tests. For shorter lengths, distortional buckling prevailed as the main failure while for longer lengths, torsional-flexural buckling occurred. All of the predicted strength were highly conservative and well below the experimental value.


This work presents the entropy analysis of Maxwell nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganism in the presence of homogeneous–heterogeneous reactions with modified heat and mass flux models. Modified models are presented by utilizing Cattaneo–Christov heat flux and generalized Fick's law. Derived equations which shows the considered flow situation are modeled in the form of PDEs under boundary layer theory, then suitable transformation is applied to convert arising PDEs into a set of transformed ODEs which are then solved using a powerful scheme namely optimal homotopy analysis procedure. Special cases of some published work are found to be in excellent agreement of our work. The impact of physical parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration, reaction rate, concentration of motile microorganism, and entropy generation are discussed graphically. Finally, the convergence of applied scheme is presented in tabular form which confirms the efficiency of applied method. It is reported that entropy generation increases for higher values of radiation parameter and Brinkman number, whereas Bejan number is reduced for the higher values of radiation and magnetic parameters. Also, fluid temperature and concentration fields are reduced by augmenting the values of Prandtl and Schmidt numbers.


Following the work of Chen and Dawson on Ion‐Channel Laser (ICL), we study the amplification mechanism of the ICL by using the one‐particle model proposed by them, and methods of secular perturbation theory. We calculate the conditions for resonance in the wave‐particle interaction, and estimate the gain expected. The resonant Electro‐Magnetic wave frequency appears to depend strongly on the amplitude of oscillations of the beam particles. This may significantly reduce the amplification, and limit the use of ICL to relatively low frequencies, up to Infra‐Red, where high output power (∼GW) is achievable. Analytical results are confirmed by numerical simulations.


Objective: To identify the recombinant strain containing ST1-LTB fusion gene of Escherichia coli enterotoxin and optimize its expressional condition.Methods: To identify the recombinant plasmid pXSL1 with restriction endonucleases digestion.To detect expressional level of differently conditional ST1-LTB fusion protein by SDS-PAGE.Results: The recombinant expression plasmid pXSL1 contained ST1-LTB fusion gene having positive reading frame.The expression o ptimization result indicated that the ST1-LTB fusion gene expression optimized condition with IPTG induction is culture medium pH 7.5,culture temperature 37℃,joining IPTG to final concentration 0.8mmol/L when the recombinant strain growth density OD600 achieved 0.8,and induction time 5h.The expression level of the ST1LTB fusion proteins were about 34.8% of total cellular protein with IPTG induction by SDS-PAGE and gel system analysis.Conclusion: The ST1-LTB fusion protein is expressed high by recombinant strain BL21(DE3)(pXSL1).This provided experimental data to research productive technique of bivalent genetically engineered vaccine.


The Advanced Deep Space System Development Program (ADSSDP) is managed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and is also called X2000. X2000 is organized to create "cores" of advanced flight and ground systems for the exploration of the outer planets and beyond; cores are the engineering elements of flight and ground systems. Mission specific elements such as instruments will be developed by another team. Each X2000 delivery gets its requirements from a set of planned missions, or "mission customers"; customers set requirements and participate on X2000 design teams. To this end, the X2000 program will start and spin-off projects to meet the needs of unique sets of mission customers.


This cross-sectional study was conducted on 92 administrative staff working for Samsun Training and Research Hospital between the dates of October-December 2015 in order to determine the organizational citizenship behaviours of the staff and investigate the relation between organizational cynicism and organizational citizenship behaviours. A questionnaire that includes questions regarding workers' socio-demographic characteristics, general cynicism, organizational cynicism, and organizational citizenship behavior is used as a data collection device. Average age of participants is 40.1±0.9, 61.5% of these participants are male, 77.2% of them are married and 52.2% of them are high-school graduate. It is found that while their occupational working duration is 15.2±9.7 years, their working duration in the organization is 8.5±5.0 years. When workers' Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale's subdimension scores are examined, it is found that altruism, Courtesy, civic virtue, sportsmanship and conscientiousness levels are found high whereas, when workers 'Organizational Cynicism Scale's subdimension scores are examined, it is seen that cognitive, emotional and behavioral cynicism levels are medium. The difference between participants' conscientiousness subdimension scores compared with their genders, Courtesy subdimension scores compared with their education level, civic virtue subdimension scores compared with their occupational working duration, cognitive and emotional cynicism subdimension scores compared with their education level is also found as statistically meaningful. When correlation between workers' organizational citizenship behavior and organizational cynicism scales' subdimensions are examined; a negatively meaningful relation is found between sportsmanship subdimension scores and behavioral, cognitive and sensual subdimension scores and general cynicism scores also.


Abilities of ceramics to serve as turbine blades, stator vanes, and other elements in hot-gas flow of rocket engines discussed in report. Ceramics prime candidates, because of resistance to heat, low density, and tolerance of hostile environments. Ceramics considered in report are silicon nitride, silicon carbide, and new generation of such ceramic composites as transformation-toughened zirconia and alumina and particulate- or whisker-reinforced matrices. Report predicts properly designed ceramic components viable in advanced high-temperature rocket engines and recommends future work.


Biohazards represent an important issue in the field of security, both for the destructive potential and the psychological, economic and social impact that the use of biological agents for biowarfare could have on populations. Early identification of an intentional biological event is essential to ensure correct management and response to the emergency. Much effort for the development of innovative equipment that permit prompt and remote detection of biological warfare agents are needed to achieve this goal. In this work, the different detection systems suitable in the CBRN context for biological agents will be analyzed, focusing on non-specific and specific point-detection systems, and stand-off detection systems, evaluating the pros and cons of each technology.


It has been shown that a class of minimum-latency transport protocols are analyzed. The protocols use unique incarnation numbers and caching schemes to reduce the latency of connection setup whenever possible. Three modifications to the protocol are discussed in this short paper: 1) A modification to the opening procedure which eliminates some constraints for the correctness of the protocol. 2) A modification which allows data messages in the opening state of the client to be sent. This reduces the latency in some situations for the price of stricter constraints for correctness. 3) An alternate way of closing connections. Apart from these modifications, we also show that the proofs can be refined to get somewhat less restrictive constraints for the correctness of the protocol.


The personalization of learning is a major pedagogical challenge solicited by pedagogues and didacts. There are several projects about the production of personalizable learning situations such as Reload-LDE and Alfanet. These projects are interested in producing new standardized and personalizable learning situations. However, on the Web, an important number of learning situations exist. These situations are rich in information but don't consider all the characteristics of participants taking part in the learning, nor their technical environments. In this paper we suggest a help system that can transform an existing learning situation to another structure standardized and personalizable depending on the context of learning personalization that we have defined.


Forgery detection has been a challenging area in the field of biometry, e.g., handwritten signatures. Signature verification is a bi-objective optimization problem. The two crucial parameters are accuracy and time of computation. In this work, a comprehensive study on application of Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) Nets (Type 1 and 2) and Associative Memory Net (AMN) has been conducted. To decrease the time complexity a corresponding parallel version using OpenMP is developed for each algorithm. The algorithms are trained with the original/genuine signature and tested with a sample of twelve very similar-looking forged signatures. The study concludes that ART-1 detects fake signatures with an accuracy of 99.89%; whereas, ART-2 and AMN detect forgery with accuracies of 99.99% and 75.68% respectively which are comparable to other methods cited in this paper.


This work presents research on a local Mexican society in which agriculture coexists with other economic, labour, and productive activities. There has been an intensification of the traditional pluriactivity practiced by peasants, which has led to a greater diversification of income sources, including employment in national and international migration destinations. The ethnographic research was conducted in the municipality of Nativitas, Tlaxcala, which has been transformed in the four last decades as a result of diverse factors, namely capitalist relations and the incorporation of agricultural production into the economy of global markets. In this sense, the processes associated with globalization in general, and with the restructuring of the economy in particular, have generated the so-called deagrarianization, a gradual and sharp decline in the amount of cultivated surface area, especially in relation to small properties and ejidos (collectives of peasant landholders). This system has changed (and has even dismantled) historic forms of organizing production and rural labour, a phenomenon that can be seen in the declining contribution of agricultural activities to income generation amongst rural families.


The paper briefly introduces early damage reasons of HMA pavement,and analyzes the main reasons in terms of site construction quality,overload vehicles with lax management and so on based on a great deal of engineering practice.


Resumen Vindicating the Femme Fatale in Manuel Antín's Circe The present article analyzes a classic Argentine film noir, Circe, to explore its representation of a powerful, autonomous female protagonist ahead of the historical moment of 1964. The director Manuel Antín creates a film adaptation that departs from the source text by Julio Cortázar by focalizing the motivations and actions of a female character that flouts societal expectations and mores. The article is theoretically grounded in feminist, subjectivity and film adaptation theory. The article contributes to the fields of Latin American Studies, Global Film and Media Studies, Argentine Cultural and Literary Studies, and Gender Studies.


In the present investigation, the microstructure and tensile properties of aluminium die-cast alloys, based on A380, are studied in details as a function of the iron and manganese content and solidification rate. One set of experiments was designed to examine the ?solely? effect of Fe content, which varied from 0.1 up to 1.6 wt % and another set with manganese additions, Mn:Fe ~ 1:2. Three solidification rates corresponding to ~ 10, 25 and 60 ?m in secondary dendrite arm spacing, SDAS, respectively were employed by using the unique gradient solidification technique. Microstructure analysis reveals that at relatively high cooling rates and iron levels, the iron-rich precipitates are suppressed to some extent and the strength is maintained at high levels, but the ductility is gradually decreased. The amount of iron-rich intermetallics does not appear to influence the size and area fraction of porosity and consequently the result suggests that tensile properties have not been adversely affected by porosity level. These results offer additional insight into commonly discussed microstructure features and their role in the determination of the quality and soundness of Al-Si cast alloys.


MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs.MiRNAs typically control the expression of their target genes at post-transcriptional level.MiRNAs has been found to participate in cell proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis,which are important physiological and pathologic processes.Stroke has been recognized the third leading causes of death worldwide.Stroke is a kind of multifactorial disease with many causes,such as hypertension,atherosclerosis,hyperlipemia.Hypertension is the critical risk factor of stroke.MiRNA has been indicated to participate in the development of hypertension and stroke.In the review,we will discuss the role of miRNA in the hypertension,hyperlipemia,atherosclerosis,which are major pathogenesis of stroke induced by hypertension.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of organisational learning (comprising absorptive capacity, nature and type of alliances and learning environment) through strategic technology alliances on technology transfer and new product development. The paper is based on a larger research on alliances in the Malaysian manufacturing industry.Design/methodology/approach – The antecedents and outcomes of organisational learning were tested using structural equation modelling, based on data collected from 335 organisations through an online survey questionnaire.Findings – The findings depict that absorptive capacity, nature and type of alliances and learning environment significantly affect technology transfer in Malaysian manufacturers, but not necessarily new product development simultaneously. Nevertheless, the results establish technology transfer as an effective means for building innovative capabilities in developing new products. This is imperative for attaining Malaysia's current g...


Such is the nature of medicine, that things which we have laid up in our minds as settled truths often require to be modified by our future experience.—Latham. 1 IN THE 18 years since the introduction of cortisone into medical therapy by Hench and his associates, 2 much has been learned about the effects of this and related steroids, but their basic mechanism of action remains obscure. In spite of their extensive clinical use, little has been added to the concept of their effects in the past 12 years 3 and certain general impressions that prevailed then have persisted, including the following. Clinical effects depend upon an excess of steroid in the tissues. Initial doses reported by Hench and his group were 300 mg of cortisone acetate daily, and subsequent early reports concerned starting dosages of 100 mg daily or greater. Because these doses produce an excess of steroid in


Background African American (AA) prostate cancer (PCa) appears uniquely sensitive to 1α,25(OH)2D3 signaling, compared to European American (EA) PCa, but the extent and impact of vitamin D receptor genomic functions remain poorly defined. Results A panel of EA and AA prostate epithelial cells (EA: HPr1-AR, LNCaP, AA: RC43N, RC43T, RC77N, RC77T) were analyzed with RIME to reveal the cell-specific composition of the VDR- complex. 1α,25(OH)2D3-dependent ATAC-Seq revealed the greatest impact on nucleosome positioning in RC43N and RC43T, with gain of nucleosome-free at enhancer regions. VDR ChIP-Seq identified stronger and more frequent VDR binding in RC43N and RC43T that was enriched for a larger and distinct motif repertoire, than EA cells. VDR binding significantly overlapped with core circadian rhythm transcription factors in AA cell line models. RNA-Seq also revealed significantly stronger 1α,25(OH)2D3 dependent VDR transcriptional responses enriched for circadian rhythm and inflammation networks in AA cells. Whilst RC43N was most responsive, RC43T displayed distorted responses. Significantly reduced BAZ1A/SMARCA5 in AA PCa samples was identified, and restored BAZ1A expression uniquely and significantly increased 1α,25(OH)2D3-regulated VDR targets in AA cells. These VDR- dependent cistrome-annotated genes were also uniquely and most significantly identified in three cohorts of AA PCa patients. Conclusion These data suggest VDR transcriptional control in the prostate is more potent and dynamic in AA men, and primed to govern inflammatory and circadian pathways. Reduced BAZ1A/SMARCA5 expression and/or reduced environmentally-regulated serum vitamin D3 levels suppress these actions. Therefore, the VDR axis lies at the cross-roads of biopsychosocial processes including stress responses, access to quality early detection and treatment, social determinants and that collectively contribute to PCa health disparities.


Clustering is the process of grouping feature vectors into classes in the self-organizing mode. Choosing cluster centers is crucial to the clustering. In this paper we compared two fuzzy algorithms: fuzzy c-means algorithm and the new improved fuzzy clustering algorithm. Fuzzy c-means algorithm uses the reciprocal of distances to decide the cluster centers. The representation reflects the distance of a feature vector from the cluster center but does not differentiate the distribution of the clusters. We implemented both algorithms in Mat lab and tested them on TFIDF data sets where The number of document in the datasets ranges from 1500 to 2600 and the number of terms ranges from 6000 to over 7500.


Based on the study of unclassified multifaceted literature, it is revealed that there is no generalized material on the participation of Ukrainian voluntary units in battles in eastern Ukraine. The Article in question specifies why it is reasonable to refer to "Ukrainian Volunteer Units" as a sole term. Following a thorough analysis of materials available the Author of this Article identified a set of common features (descriptors) Ukrainian Volunteer Units are characterized by, as well as defined the term in question. The main fights in which the voluntary units took part were separated from the anti-terrorist operation. On this basis, the authors consider the role of formations during the battles, determine the conditions that contributed to the success of their activities.


The ongoing India‐Asia collision principally regulates the Cenozoic tectonic deformation of the Asian interior, and builds a far‐away but active spectacular intraplate orogen—Tian Shan. However, the deep processes and dynamics of far‐field deformation propagation and the resultant Tian Shan building remain ambiguous. Here, we construct systematic numerical models with variable thermo‐rheological properties of the orogen‐featured blocks and convergence rates, which reveal that the far‐field effect of India‐Asia collision on the Tian Shan building is strongly controlled by the direct collision of Indian lithospheric mantle with the rigid Tarim block beneath western Tibet. The model results, together with the well‐established geological and geophysical constraints, not only reconcile the first‐order crustal and lithospheric structures of the western Tibetan plateau and Tian Shan, but also confirm a >30 Myr time lag between the initial India‐Asia collision and the far‐field Tian Shan building.


In this paper I present new and original evidence concerning global aggregate concentration. To my knowledge, this evidence constitutes the first systematic effort to measure global aggregate concentration. The data are available only for the years 1994-2001 and require some compromises and approximations. For 2001, the largest 500 global companies' employment accounted for 1.60% of the world labor force, or 9.92% of OECD employment. These companies' profits amounted to 0.94% of world GDP or 4.16% of world gross domestic savings (GDS); their profits also amounted to 1.18% of OECD GDP or 5.62% of OECD gross national saving (GNS). Similar estimates are available for the largest 50 global companies. The time trends for 1994-2001 show a mixed picture. If employment is the basis for the measurements, the largest 50 global companies accounted for a slightly decreasing share of aggregate employment over time. If, instead, profits are the basis for the measurements, then the 50 largest companies accounted for an increasing share over these same years. But this latter trend is likely overstated and is unlikely to be sustained. Future years will yield more data that can be used to check these trends and refine these measurements.


In this note, we explain in detail the evaluation of the constant appearing in the expression for magnetic vector potential due to an elemental dipole antenna, using a method similar to that adopte...


Abstract Here is reported a microfluidic single-cell method for real-time monitoring of the effects of curcumin on the calcium change in a single glioma cell. The method is based on the quantitative measurement of intracellular calcium concentrations in the cell retained using a glass biochip. The single-cell biochip consisted of three reservoirs, three channels, and a chamber containing a V-shaped structure for single-cell selection and retention. The design of the cell retention structure, and on-chip dye loading helped to minimize the damage to fragile cells that occurs in conventional calcium measurement methods. Curcumin, which is a herbal ingredient from Curcuma longa, has been shown to cause an increase in intracellular calcium in a single glioma cell (U-87 MG). Different concentrations of curcumin (5 and 10 µM) were investigated for their abilities to stimulate sustained elevations of the intracellular calcium concentrations in the single cell. Ionomycin was used as a control to saturate intracellular calcium needed for concentration calibration. The microfluidic chip measures intracellular calcium changes in real time, needs only a small number of cells, requires low quantities of reagents, and minimizes cell damage by the use of on-chip dye loading and reagent treatment.


Determinants of female participation in the labor force and of migration to the 148 cities of India with populations of over 100000 in 1971 were examined using data from the 1971 census of India and from the regular Sample Registration System for 1972. The sex ratios of the labor forces of the 148 cities were the dependent variables in the analysis of female participation while the analysis of migration employed 2 different dependent variables with different strengths and weaknesses: a ratio of the excess of women over native men to migrant men (to control the effects of women migrating for marriage) and the sex ratio of the urban population. 4 types of independent variable described the demographic characteristics of each city described the composition of the labor force by industry distinguished between cities located in the north and south and served as indicators of the status of women. The demographic variables the shares of the labor force in different industries region and the scales of the status of women measures together explained half the total variance in the sex ratio of the labor force in individual cities. The same variables along with the sex ratio of the labor force and sex disparity in urban infant mortality together explained 3/4 of the total variance in the sex ratio of the population in individual cities. In both analyses the status of women measures were found to capture much the same pattern of cultural variation as the simple north-south dichotomy. The effect of the various variables on the alternative dependent variable the sex ratio of adult migrants was somewhat less than for the sex ratio of the total urban population. Overall the results of the study suggest that the status of women which is fairly well captured byregion is the most important factor in the participation of women in the urban labor force and in rural-urban migration in India. Women in the north have lower participation rates in the urban labor force and in rural-urban migration. Where women enjoy higher status as measured by such variables as infant mortality literacy age at marriage and fertility they are more likely to be found in the urban labor force and among rural-urban migrants. Contrary to expectations such is also the case among women married to much older husbands.


High energy electrons have been used to induce chemical crosslinking in 50/50 blend of polypropylene and natural rubber. The blend morphology was generated during melt mixing and not changed by high energy electron treatment in the solid state at room temperature. The variation of absorbed dose (150‐350 kGy) at fixed electron energy (1.5 MeV) brings a dramatic change in the properties of the polymer blend. In addition, the effect of a polyfunctional monomer (PFM) and the absorbed dose on the tensile properties of the polymer blend was investigated. The presence of a PFM led to blends having an elongation at break of about 350% and a tensile strength of nearly 14 MPa after the treatment with a comparatively low dose of 150 kGy. The morphology of the blends was found to be co-continuous. A plausible mechanistic pathway for the phenomenon leading to enhancement of property has been suggested for better understanding of structure‐property-relationship. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 00:000‐000, 2012. a 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers


Philosophy is activity think with aim looks for to level with another about The Infinite, Religion, Philosophy and life and human death law and in the presence nature. In consequence, in terms divinity concept in Islamic Law philosophy in level meaning digging ups 'illat , hikmah and hush hush aught law, not something which seeing to reduce existence and islamic law reality besides is seen will wreck believe a Moslem. By the same token, this all still in seeking framework and reality digging up effort levels with another already be believed its truth, without keaguan little bit even, one that even with full that consciousness available hikmah hikmah obtainable with fikir's energy and nalar is man and there is unreachable with nalar but with amaliyah. Divinity philosophy in relevansinya with islamic law philosophy is one unitary that don't most come to pieces. Because to understand islamic law that difahami shall philosophy divinity philosophy divinity be philosophy think meanwhile law philosophy be implementation philosophy of divinity philosophy.


Objective While bacterial DNA and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides with specific flanking sequences (CpG motif) are well described activators of murine immune cells, CpG motifs for activating human immune cells remain unclear. This study is to delineate CpG motifs and CpG ODN for activating human immune cells. Methods A panel of CpG ODN containing two copies of CpG motifs was screened for their capacity to stimulate human B lymphocytes to secret IgM. Then CpG ODN containing human CpG motifs was designed and tested to identify the sequence of high immunostimulatory activity for human immune cells. Results The study revealed that 5′ GTCGTT 3′ and 5′ GTCGTC 3′ were two potent CpG motifs for human immune cells, and other four CpG motifs, 5′ GACGTT 3′, 5′ GACGTC 3′, 5′ GGCGTT 3′ and 5′ GGCGTC 3′, had moderate activities. The second nucleotide in optimal human CpG motifs was thymidine, while in less active human CpG motifs or optimal murine CpG motifs, it was purines. Based on this finding, many CpG ODN were designed and identified as high immunostimulatory sequences for human B lymphocytes. Conclusion Some CpG motifs and CpG ODN are potential activators of human immune cells.


Digital media content construction capturing, handing out and allocation have witnessed an extraordinary expansion over the earlier period. This media content is regularly dispersed in compressed and encrypted format and watermarking of these media for copyright contravention discovery, proof of possession or distributorship, media verification, now and over again need to be carried out in compressed-encrypted province. There have been several related image watermarking techniques proposed to date. Watermarking of compacted encrypted JPEG2000 images is proposed, where the encryption refers to the ciphering of whole JPEG2000 compressed stream apart from headers and marker segments, which are missing in plain text for format conformity. A new method to embed a robust watermark in the JPEG2000 compressed encrypted images by means of three different existing watermarking schemes was proposed. The algorithm is easy to put into practice as it is directly carry out in the compressed-encrypted domain and it does not necessitate partial decompression of the content. It also safeguards the confidentiality of content as the embedding is completed on encrypted information. The homomorphic properties of the cryptosystem are demoralized, which allows us to notice the watermark subsequent to decryption and manage the image excellence as well.


Part of a joint project conducted by University of California at Santa Barbara in conjunction with the local Jewish community, this series of four portraits showcased at the 22nd Santa Barbara International Film Festival was a collaborative endeavor involving many local film makers. These included Penny Little (Dust and Deceipt) and Ethan Turpin (Terror and Tourism). Both participants aired their own films at the same festival.


I am very grateful to Steven Griffies and the anonymous referees for their very constructive comments. Taking all their helpful suggestions into account, the manuscript has been revised thoroughly (the revised manuscript has been resubmitted). The major bones of contention were that there was no clear motivation why the reader should care about the model, the manuscript was written too technical, and referencing was not thorough enough. To eliminate these weaknesses of the manuscript, the Discussion section has been enlarged in order to "put more science" into the paper and to make clear why this model could be an interesting alternative to, e.g., CCSM3/T31 for many applications. Referencing has strongly been improved by including 45 new references.


Employing more than one million people, domestic service is one of the largest sources of employment for black women in South Africa. In this article, we contend that, historically, the impact of apartheid has been to skew the analysis of employment relationships in domestic workspaces in South Africa so that the power asymmetry and exploitation that so characterise these relationships have been labelled an artefact of the racist apartheid regime and its legislation. By reviewing literature on domestic workers globally and drawing on a study into the impact of the Sectoral Determination for the Domestic Worker Sector, which was promulgated in 2002, we argue for a broader understanding of this relationship: one that takes into consideration its global similarities.


Since the dawn of the era of human space flight, mission control centers around the world have played an integral role in guiding space travelers toward mission success. In the International Space Station (ISS) program, astronauts and cosmonauts have the benefit of near constant access to the expertise and resources within mission control, as well as lifeboat capability to quickly return to Earth if something were to go wrong. As we move into an era of longer duration missions to more remote locations, rapid and ready access to mission control on earth will no longer be feasible. To prepare for such missions, long duration crews must be prepared to operate more autonomously, and the mission control paradigm that has been successfully employed for decades must be re-examined. The team at NASA's Payload Operations and Integration Center (POIC) in Huntsville, Alabama is playing an integral role in the development of concepts for a more autonomous long duration crew of the future via research on the ISS. Many experiments onboard the ISS are actively exploring the future of long duration spaceflight, with several focusing specifically on crew autonomy. For example, the Communications Delay Assessment experiment introduced artificial communication delays into pre-determined periods of crew operations and assessed the impact of that delay on successful operations. The Autonomous Mission Operations investigation exercised software which allowed the crew to operate very complex science facilities on the ISS for the first time without any assistance from the ground. A third experiment called Crew Autonomous Scheduling Test (CAST) is exploring the benefits and implications of allowing crew members to plan some of their own schedules. Another fascinating technology demonstration project called Robonaut is focusing on the possible applications of robotic "crew members." Another tech demo project is using a 3-D printer to validate the concept of a "print as you go" supply chain. This presentation will focus on how these experiments and others are helping to prove crew autonomy on deep space missions is feasible. While there is still a great deal of work to be done to clarify the role of long duration crews and Earthbased mission support, there appears to be widespread agreement that increased crew autonomy from mission control is a necessary and important component of long duration missions. Research being done on the ISS is an important first step toward understanding how to convert general theories about crew autonomy into reality, and propelling human space flight into the future. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=2017000816


Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Key Laboratory of Hematology of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China; National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China.


The study developed a cost-effective framework for unauthorized parking detection using a machine-vision based deep learning method. The system was introduced on a Raspberry Pi 4b using the MobileNet SSD algorithm to detect vehicles illegally parked based on the live feed received from a Pi camera. The system was introduced to monitor unauthorized parking on a specific barangay simulated-roadside-parking lot. Results of the assessment indicate that the study was capable of identifying illegally parked vehicles with an overall performance rate of 96.16% and 98.93% respectively for legally and illegally parked vehicles, with a combined test resulting in 97.56%. The study showed that the detection was robust to changes in light intensity and the presence of shadow effects in varying environmental conditions, due to the deep learning strength.


Bond is a message-oriented micldlewarc for nel work computing on a grid of autonomous nodes. The Bond environment consists of (a) a distributed object infraslruclure, (b) a set of servers, (c) a set of agents, and (d) a set of user objects. In this paper we overview lhe basic architecture of the system and introduce lhe security models implemented in the Bond system. User programs as well as data are subject to the security constraints imposed by Lbc local operating system. Bond objects arc subject to the access control and !.he aUlhemication model discussed in this paper. Secure Bond objects arc allowed to create their own security agents 10 implement access control.


In this paper, we investigate two binary detection problems for a single real tone in additive white Gaussian noise using short data records. In the first hypothesis-testing scenario, we decide if a sinusoid is present in the received signal where both cases of known and unknown sinusoidal frequency will be examined. In the second problem, differentiation between two distinct noisy tones is considered. Simulation results show that the nonlinear least squares and maximum likelihood methods give identical detection performance and they outperform the periodogram approach.


Patient centered care is a healthcare movement that supports patients' active involvement in their health through building a quality relationship with physicians and sharing in decision making. The provider can foster patient centered care through their own verbal and nonverbal behavior. Patient centered care has been associated with many positive outcomes for patients including increased satisfaction, adherence, and less shopping around for physicians. But less research has focused on the direct impact of patient centered care on health outcomes. The present research aimed to first validate skin conductance as a measure of pain intensity in Study 1. Study 2 examined the effect and impact of physician patient centered vs. clinician centered nonverbal and verbal behavior on participants' pain experience. Finally, Study 3 examined the impact of physician communication style from Study 2, on new onlookers' assessments of pain.; In Study 1, participants underwent a standardized laboratory pain procedure called the tourniquet task. Their skin conductance was monitored throughout the pain task and they made pain ratings every 30s on a scale from no pain at all (0) to the most intense pain imaginable (10). Results showed that skin conductance level and response increased from baseline to pain task. Skin conductance level was also validated as a measure of pain intensity as the correlation between participants' mean tonic SCL every 30s and their self-reported pain intensity every 30s was highly and positively correlated. Study 1 findings suggested that skin conductance is a valid and sensitive objective indicator of participants' pain intensity.; In Study 2, trained and professional actors (one male and one female) were videotaped playing the part of a physician either giving patient centered nonverbal, patient centered verbal, clinician centered nonverbal or clinician centered verbal instructions on a pain task, in a fully crossed design. Participants came into the laboratory and were randomly assigned to have a one-way interaction with one of the 8 physician videos. The one-way interaction allowed for the physicians' behavior to remain constant while participants responded to the physician (when the physician asked questions or when participants had questions) as if they were talking to the physician in real life. An experimenter monitored the participant and answered any questions that the physician did not address in the videotape. Participants then underwent the same pain task as in Study 1 (the tourniquet task), their skin conductance was monitored, and they gave oral ratings of their pain intensity on the same scale as in Study 1. After participants completed the pain task and answered questions about how the pain felt led by the physician, participants completed post task questionnaires to understand the pain experience and also their satisfaction and impressions of the physician. Participants' laboratory session was video recorded in order to code the pain experience and reflection of pain. Results showed that…


Levels of soluble sugars in bark, leaves, leaf buds and flower buds of 2 cultivars of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) differing in cold hardiness were compared throughout the year. Thirteen sugars — galactose, glucose, fructose, xylose, stachyose, sucrose, raffinose, rhamnose, maltose, trehalose, arabinose, ribose and mannose — were present in measurable and variable concentrations. In general, oligosaccharides accumulated, particularly in the bark, during fall and winter, whereas monosaccharides accumulated during periods of active growth. These data do not show significant differences between the 2 cultivars regarding the accumulation of these sugars and cold hardiness.


Quinoline-5,8-dione and naphthoquinone nuclei are very important substructures in industrial chemicals and pharmaceuticals. These compounds exhibit a wide variety of activities, including activity as antifungal, antibacterial, antimalarial, antineoplastic, anticoagulant, anticancer, antiviral, radical scavenging, antiplatelet, trypanocidal, cytotoxic and antineoplastic agents. Currently, several research articles about the importance of many natural and synthetic drugs containing quinolinequinone have been reported. This review covers the progress in quinolinequinone and naphthoquinone chemistry over the last five decades.


Since tiie end of the Cold War and, indeed, at the beginning of this century, the European Union is being challenged with both an increasing number of members and by those countries who aspire for future membership. Established among six Member States as the European Coal and Steel Community, the European Union now consists of fifteen Member States and is faced with the application for membership of at least thirteen additional countries.' President Clinton, when presented with the prestigious Charlemagne Prize for promoting European unity in June 2000, even called for the ftill inclusion of Russia into the European Union.^ He stated: "No door can be sealed shut to Russia, not NATO's, not the European Union's.'" As this message demonstrates, the everchanging character and definition of Europe remains today as it has in past centuries.' Moreover, it proves that in an age of constitutionalism, European integration and the European Union in particular cannot avoid such development. The European Community Treaties do not provide a template for a constitution in the typical sense of the law. Furthermore, the institutional framework of the Union was laid out by the European Community Treaties in the 1950's, only to be partially amended in the 1980's and 1990's. Accordingly, it is highly questionable whether the European Union will be able to meet the challenge of future enlargement. An increase to thirty members may jeopardize the achieved European integration among the fifteen Member States and aggravate the already existent deficit in democratic decisionmaking. Aware of this danger, the Member States of the European Union have entered into


Experimental ricochet data on the most commonly found bullet‐target combinations in shooting incidents are contemporary necessity in conducting ricochet analysis during shooting reconstructions. As bullet ricochet behavior and associated evidence production are affected by various factors, understanding specific phenomena related to each bullet‐target combination is essential for shooting investigators to reconstruct bullet ricochet incidents accurately. However, there is a significant lack of empirical data in this area despite the significant demand. Building on a previous study conducted with rifle bullets, this empirical study explores the ricochet behavior and surface evidence when 9 mm Luger pistol bullets ricochet off glazed ceramic wall and floor tiles. The study highlights the critical angles of bullets for floor and wall tiles (14.8 degrees and 16.6 degrees, respectively), and different bullet ricochet trends when 9 mm bullets ricochet off standard wall and floor tiles. This paper introduces for the first time in a ricochet event, the "caterpillar effect" or "caterpillar impact mark" and the first observation of the "nucleus" ricochet mark for pistol caliber bullet ricochets, both of which are important novel findings. This study further demonstrates the significance of undergoing practical and relevant ricochet experimentation for the accurate reconstruction of shooting incidents.


The coverall prototype of several countries were compared and analyzed with the virtual fitting software Marvelous Designer 5 produced by South Korean CLD. Control variables were unified to paint paper patterns. The differences and similarities of Germany Muller prototype, France prototype, Japan's Torso prototype, Italian simple prototype, and British coverall prototype were compared in the aspect of the principles and methods of plane drawing, profile comparison, setting of dart and cutting line, which provided reference for dress designing and producing. Introduction Prototype refers to the basic form or pattern before the application of various practical changes . As for costume modeling, prototype refers to the basic paper pattern used in flat pattern tailoring, that is, simple and three-dimensional paper pattern of clothing without any changing style. Domestic research methods are not mature, and coverall prototype is still in the theoretical stage. There have been a lot of studies of prototype, but there is no study of coverall prototype. In China, the earliest prototype is the prototype of the upper body launched by Donghua University in 1988 according to the study on the Chinese body figure and clothing culture. Foreign prototype has involved coverall prototype, that is, setting the measuring part of human body for measurement. The law of the changes of the size of body's each place was summarized according to the statistical analysis of the measured data. On the basis of the law of the measured data, new method of pattern making was studied. Many foreign countries have body prototypes suitable for the body figure of their people. European and American countries such as Germany, France, Italy, and Britain designed the prototype structure by measuring the size of the body's part. The form of expression of prototypes is different according to body figures. The mainstream prototypes of foreign clothing education were compared and analyzed in the aspect of principles and methods of drawing, profile comparison, setting of dart and cutting line, and aesthetics of prototype, which provided theoretical foundation for clothing designing and producing. Comparison of the Plane Drawing and Method of the Prototypes of Several Countries Through reviewing literature 3, , 5 commonly used paper patterns of prototype of female coats in five countries with developed clothing industry, namely, Germany Muller prototype, France prototype, Japan's Torso prototype, Italian simple prototype and British coverall prototype. The control variables of the five prototypes were unified to paint paper pattern in garment CAD, that is, chest circumference was 84 cm; waistline was 68 cm; hipline was 90 cm, and the female coverall prototype of these countries were compared. Paper patterns are shown in Figure 1-5. 621 Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 2nd International Forum on Management, Education and Information Technology Application (IFMEITA 2017) Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), volume 130


This research focuses on the developmentof material changes in Malay handicraft in Saribas, Sarawak. Based on the qualitative method, the result of observation and documentation of the changing material of plastic materials, the researcher
concludes that the modern era of handicrafthas been innovating because of the need for artificial materials and the level of utilization that has been different in today's
society.


The advances achieved using X-ray Free Electron Lasers such as the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), have revolutionised the routine production of uniform solid-density plasmas. Pulses of X-rays above 1 keV and with durations shorter than 100 fs attaining intensities on target of around 1017 Wcm-2 are now routinely created. Through simple single-photon photoionization events with atoms in ambient solid conditions, it is possible to create uniform samples that are simultaneously hot, dense, and highly ionized which may be easily modelled. This thesis describes measurements of the spectrally-resolved X-rays emitted from solid-density magnesium targets of varying sub-μm thicknesses isochorically heated by an X-ray laser. The data exhibit a thickness-independent source function, allowing the extraction of a measure of the opacity to K-shell X-rays within well-defined regimes of electron density and temperature, extremely close to Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium conditions by fitting to the simple 1D slab solution of the equation of radiative transfer. The deduced opacities at the peak of the K-α transitions of the ions are consistent with those predicted by detailed atomic-kinetics calculations. The extracted opacities transpire to be robust to a plethora of variations in X-ray drive conditions, including the shape, pulse-length, and energy content. Furthermore the approximations in using the 1D slab solution are examined in detail and found to be good. A full three-dimensional model of the plasma is advanced which includes attenuation, line-of-sight effects, full longitudinal and transverse gradients, and photon time-of-flight effects. The results from this model are found to also agree with the simpler 1D slab solution. This novel method of elucidating opacities may complement other methods based on absorption and could be important for further benchmarking of opacities in solar-interior relevant conditions.


We investigate the thickness dependent properties of manganite films characterized by colossal negative magnetoresistance. Ultrathin, wedge-type films (0–120 A) of La0.7Ba0.3MnO3 were deposited by laser ablation onto SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 substrates. The films were patterned into strips of different thickness and magneto-transport measurements were performed at temperatures between 5 and 290 K and in magnetic fields up to 5 T. Atomic force- and transmission electron microscopy were done to correlate the microstructure with the transport data. The resistivity of the films increases slightly with decreasing thickness due to substrate-induced compressive strain. Below 50 A, the resistivity rises abruptly indicating a crossover to discontinuous and finally island-like film growth as confirmed by the microstructural techniques. At thicknesses slightly above the threshold for percolative conduction (≈30 A), an enhanced low-field magnetoresistance was observed as a signature of spin-dependent tunneling.


Video segmentation aims to segment target objects in a video sequence, which remains a challenge due to the motion and deformation of objects. In this paper, we propose a novel attention-driven hybrid encoder-decoder network that generates object segmentation by fully leveraging spatial and temporal information. Firstly, a multi-branch network is designed to learn feature representation from object appearance, location and motion. Secondly, a target attention module is proposed to further exploit context information from learned representation. In addition, a novel edge loss is designed which constraints the model to generate salient edge features and accurate segmentation. The proposed model has been evaluated over two widely used public benchmarks, and experiments demonstrate its superior robustness and effectiveness as compared with the state of the arts.


The key to the pathogenesis of arthrosis lies in the mechanism responsible for the initial lesions. In this experimental work the possibility of producing arthrosic changes is demonstrated by activating lysosomal chondrocytic enzymes by the intra-articular injection of Vitamin A in rabbits. On the basis of the experimental results the authors discuss the possible role that activation of the lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes might play in producing primary and secondary arthrosis in humans. They advance the hypothesis that this mechanism may be the common final step in the degradation of the articular cartilage, whatever the aetiological factor.


Generating and absorbing random waves in numerical models is a challenging problem, in particular when meaningful wave statistics should be generated to meet design sea state requirements. The methodology presented herein allows for the generation of random wave fields (free surface elevation and velocities) to be reconstructed in time and in space by using window processing from a reference time series.


The invention discloses an oil well cement shearing and mixing device which comprises a mixing bin, a storage bin and an external power shaft, wherein a feeding hole and a feeding hole flashboard are arranged at and formed in the top of the mixing bin; the feeding hole flashboard is used for adjusting the size of the feeding hole through a flashboard handle which is positioned on the side of the mixing bin; at least one roll shaft is horizontally arranged in the mixing bin; a plurality of helical blades are fixed on the roll shafts in sequence; one ends of the roll shafts penetrate through the side surface of the mixing bin to be connected with a power shaft through gears; the other ends of the roll shafts are adjacent to the inlet of the storage bin; a flashboard which is used for controlling the opening and closing of the inlet of the storage bin is arranged on the inlet of the storage bin; a crank arm is arranged in the storage bin; the turning part of the crank arm is suspended on the inner shell of the storage bin through a pin shaft; one end of the crank arm is pinned at the center of the flashboard; a heavy hammer which is capable of sliding along the crank arm is pinned at the other end of the crank arm; through the sliding of the heavy hammer along the crank arm, the compression degree from the flashboard to the feeding hole is adjusted; the pneumatic diffusing and mixing is replaced by mechanical shearing and mixing, so that the mixing can be uniform and the layering can be avoided.


A non-linear time-varying dynamic model is developed to study torsional dynamic behavior of a typical multi-mesh gear train. The physical system consists of M shafts ( 2 ≥ M ) coupled to each other by 1 − M gear pairs. The discrete dynamic model includes the gear backlash clearance, gear mesh stiffness fluctuations, and torsional flexibilities of the shafts. In addition, the gear tooth modifications and typical manufacturing errors are included in the form of periodically time-varying displacement functions applied at gear meshes. A multi-term Harmonic Balance formulation is used in conjunction with discrete Fourier Transforms and a Parametric Continuation technique to obtain the steady-state period-n motions. Direct numerical integration results are used to demonstrate the accuracy of the harmonic balance predictions. Effects of key system parameters are also studied.


Investigating layer thicknesses with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy usually requires the refractive index of the layer of interest. The refractive index is either investigated beforehand by independent measurements or it is measured simultaneously. The challenge of a simultaneous determination is that measuring two unknown values requires the use of two linearly independent equations. To address this challenge, our approach is to combine transmission and re ection time-of-flight measurements. By combining these measurements, we obtain a system of two linearly independent equations for the two unknown values: thickness and average refractive index. We experimentally validate our simultaneous estimation approach by measuring calibration foils of different thicknesses.


The article considers a simple overlapping generations model. The authors show that the existence of the stock market (which at the first stage of its evolution may be modeled as an increase in the number of firms in the economy) contributes to the reduction of volatility of economic growth.


The period from the end of world War II until the end of the 20th century witnessed four waves of immigration in Europle,Which turned Europe into a de facto continent of immigrants.However, a large number of immigrants,especiadly those who immigrated to Europe illegally,were not mainstreamed,and they became marginal minority groups instead,thus causing a series of immigrant problems.The archrightist political parties in Europe taking timely advantage of the immigrant issues the electorate were most concerned about.Won the wide support of people from middle and lower middle strata and rose up on the politicd arena in Europe due to their antiimmigration,nationalist and racist attitudes.


We present recent advances in metasurface-based photonics, which enables the realization of high performance planar lenses (metalenses) in the visible spectrum. They are enabled by a technique based on atomic layer deposition of titanium dioxide allowing for the fabrication of nanostructures with high fidelity. First, we demonstrate highly efficient metalenses with numerical aperture NA = 0.8 using the Pancharatnam-Berry phase approach. These metalenses can focus light into a diffraction-limited spot. They have efficiencies as high as 86% and provide high imaging resolution. Furthermore, by judicious design of the phase-shifting elements, we achieve a multispectral chiral metalens realized with a single metasurface layer. This chiral metalens can resolve both the chiral and spectral information of an object without the requirement of any additional optical components. Finally, we discuss the experimental realization of polarization-insensitive metalenses with NAs as high as 0.85. They are able to focus incident light to a spot as small as ~0.64λ with efficiencies up to 60%. Due to its straightforward and CMOS-compatible fabrication, this platform is promising for a wide range of applications ranging from camera modules, displays, laser-based imaging, microscopy, and spectroscopy to laser fabrication and lithography.


Although the terms "avant-garde" and "experimental" are often used to categorize radical composers and their works, it has been noted that "'avant garde' remains more a slogan than a definition" (Griffiths 1980, p. 743) and that "'experimental music' is ill-defined and the concept it is used to describe is vague" (Rockwell 1986, p. 91). (In fairness to Rockwell, he does also stress the "bolder, more individualistic [and] eccentric" aspects of experimentalism, which suggest an "untrammeled willingness to probe the very limits of music" [p. 91].) But equally problematically, there is no clear demarcation line between the composers and repertories to which the terms are usually applied, or between the territory supposedly described by combining the two terms and that inhabited by other species of contemporary composer. Thus Ruth Crawford (Seeger) (1901–1953) and George Crumb (born 1929) might be thought of as either avant garde or experimental, while Steve Reich (born 1936) and Philip Glass (born 1937) have – over a twenty-five year period – moved imperceptibly from the experimental fringe to the postmodern mainstream, without having compromised their work to any substantive degree. These problems of definition are at least partly attributable to two linked paradoxes. First, almost all forms of radicalism will, as a function of time, progressively degenerate into normality and acceptability: today's novelty can easily become tomorrow's cliche. Second (and more important), radicalism does not exist per se , but rather is a function of difference when measured against contemporaneous norms.


ABSTRACT Zhang, J.; Song, S.; Zhai, Y.; Tong, L., and Guo, Y., 2019. Numerical study on the wave-induced seabed response around a trenched pipeline. Journal of Coastal Research, 35(4), 896–906. Coc...


JA Humphrey PP Humphrey AS Greenwood JL Anderson HS Markus A Ajuied 1Orthopaedic Department, Milton Keynes University Hospital, Milton Keynes, MK65LD, UK; 2School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK; 3Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, St Mary's University, Twickenham, TW1 4SX, UK; 4Medical Education Department, University of Brighton, Brighton, BN1 9PH, UK; 5Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2PY, UK; 6Orthopaedic Department, Guys' and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London SE1 9RT, UK Introduction: Real tennis is a growing, unique, and well-established sport. To date, there has been no epidemiological data on real tennis injuries. The primary aim of this retrospective study is to record the incidence and document any trends in real tennis musculoskeletal injuries, so as to improve injury awareness of common and possibly preventable injuries. Methods: A surveillance questionnaire e-mailed to 2,036 Tennis & Rackets Association members to retrospectively capture injuries sustained by amateur and professional real tennis players over their playing careers. Results: A total of 485 (438 males and 47 females) questionnaires were fully completed over 4 weeks. A total of 662 musculoskeletal injuries were recorded with a mean of 1.4 injuries per player (range 0–7). The incidence of sustaining an acute real tennis musculoskeletal injury is 0.4/1000 hrs. The three main anatomical locations reported injured were elbow 15.6% (103/662), knee 11.6% (77/662), and face 10.0% (66/662). The most common structures reported injured were muscle 24% (161/661), tendon 23.4% (155/661), ligament 7.0% (46/661), soft tissue bruising 6.5% (43/661), and eye 6.2% (41/661). The majority of the upper limb injuries were gradual onset (64.7%, 143/221), and the lower limb injuries were sudden onset (72.0%, 188/261). Conclusion: This study uniquely provides valuable preliminary data on the incidence and patterns of musculoskeletal injuries in real tennis players. In addition, it highlights a number of reported eye injuries. The study is also a benchmark for future prospective studies on academy and professional real tennis players.


The Kuomintang's education policy originated from the early nationalist propaganda.Before the Kuomintang's second convention,it only had the "party education"in name.With the expansion and regime of the Kuomintang's forces,after seven years it eventually established the legal form of general policy of Three People's Principles Education in 1931.The system 's changes not only meant the different contents of education,but also indicated the transformation of a new age and social learning atmosphere.


Gardasil (Merck) is made of virus-like particles — copies of the capsids or the outer shell of the virus; there is no DNA — therefore, it is impossible to become infected with HPV through vaccination. The vaccine stimulates an antibody response to that outer coating of the virus, and is 100 percent protective if administered prior to exposure to the four strains of HPV that it protects against.


The green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis accumulates astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant pigment, as a defense mechanism against environmental stresses. In this study, we investigated the technical feasibility of a stress-based method for inducing astaxanthin biosynthesis in H. pluvialis using electric stimulation in a two-chamber bioelectrochemical system. When a cathodic (reduction) current of 3 mA (voltage: 2 V) was applied to H. pluvialis cells for two days, considerable lysis and breakage of algal cells were observed, possibly owing to the formation of excess reactive oxygen species at the cathode. Conversely, in the absence of cell breakage, the application of anodic (oxidation) current effectively stimulated astaxanthin biosynthesis at a voltage range of 2–6 V, whereas the same could not be induced in the untreated control. At an optimal voltage of 4 V (anodic current: 30 mA), the astaxanthin content in the cells electro-treated for 2 h was 36.9% higher than that in untreated cells. Our findings suggest that electric treatment can be used to improve astaxanthin production in H. pluvialis culture if bioelectrochemical parameters, such as electric strength and duration, are regulated properly.


Diamond based electronic devices promise to exhibit unique properties. In order to realize devices diamond has to be doped to render it electrically conductive. In the present work the doping of diamond and of polycrystalline CVD diamond films are reviewed with particular emphasis to ion-implantation doping and to attempts to dope diamond by indiffusion of the dopants. The quest for finding ways to obtain n-type conductivity in diamond will be critically examined.


We compute the isotropic gravitational wave (GW) background produced by binary supermassive black holes (SBHs) in galactic nuclei. In our model, massive binaries evolve at early times via gravitational-slingshot interaction with nearby stars, and at later times by the emission of GWs. Our expressions for the rate of binary hardening in the "stellar" regime are taken from the recent work of Vasiliev et al., who show that in the non-axisymmetric galaxies expected to form via mergers, stars are supplied to the center at high enough rates to ensure binary coalescence on Gyr timescales. We also include, for the first time, the extra degrees of freedom associated with evolution of the binary's orbital plane; in rotating nuclei, interaction with stars causes the orientation and the eccentricity of a massive binary to change in tandem, leading in some cases to very high eccentricities (e>0.9) before the binary enters the GW-dominated regime. We argue that previous studies have over-estimated the mean ratio of SBH mass to galaxy bulge mass by factors of 2 - 3. In the frequency regime currently accessible to pulsar timing arrays (PTAs), our assumptions imply a factor 2 - 3 reduction in the characteristic strain compared with the values computed in most recent studies, removing the tension that currently exists between model predictions and the non-detection of GWs.


24-channel 850nm optical transceiver modules based on silicon carriers with through-silicon electrical and optical vias have been assembled and tested at 12.5Gb/s/channel. Packaged on an organic carrier, the modules enable waveguide-connected multichip modules.


Electronic monitoring is not like other criminal justice fads because it is part of a "corrections-commercial complex." This complex in turn is part of transnational criminal justice enterprises that have connections to the modern security industry. As a marketable product, electronic monitoring appeals to some post-Cold War military defense contractors' need to redesign and diversify technology. "Technofallacies" aside, electronic monitoring is not likely to go away.


As a key sampling scheme in Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, Gibbs sampling is widely used in various research fields due to its elegant univariate conditional sampling, especially in tacking with multidimensional sampling systems. In this paper, a Gibbs-based sampler named as symmetric Metropolis-within-Gibbs (SMWG) algorithm is proposed for lattice Gaussian sampling. By adopting a symmetric Metropolis-Hastings (MH) step into the Gibbs update, we show the Markov chain arising from it is geometrically ergodic, which converges exponentially fast to the stationary distribution. Moreover, by optimizing its symmetric proposal distribution, the convergence efficiency can be further enhanced.


Community service learning is a natural pedagogical tool for economic development-related classes in higher education. This paper provides fellow faculty with some community service ideas that have been tested in an undergraduate economic geography class. In particular, these projects have served community and state organizations within a class that is delivered in an entirely online format.


ISIS, which abbreviates Intelligent Speech for Information Systems, is a trilingual spoken dialog system (SDS) for the financial domain. It handles two dialects of Chinese (Cantonese and Putonghua), as well as English – the predominant languages in our region. The system supports spoken language queries regarding stock market information and simulated personal portfolios. Real-time information is retrieved directly from a dedicated Reuters satellite feed. ISIS provides a system test-bed for our work in multilingual speech recognition and generation, speaker authentication, language understanding and dialog modeling. Furthermore, ISIS supports our new explorations in: (i) CORBA's interoperability and scalability for SDS development; (ii) asynchronous human-computer interaction by delegation to KQML software agents; (iii) switching between online interaction and offline delegation in a single dialog thread, and (iv) automatic incorporation of newly listed stocks to expand our system's knowledge base.


There are three sorts of complexity involved in engineering ethical situations, namely, problems of vagueness, problems of conflicting reasons, and problems of disagreement. Contemporary engineering practice makes it virtually inevitable that most engineers be confronted with ethical problems or dilemmas during their careers. This paper presents a software package that aids in the resolution of engineering ethical dilemmas. The utility of the package is demonstrated by discussing its logic in handling some classical engineering dilemmas.