In our systematic optical galaxy search behind the southern Milky Way, 3760 (mostly unknown) galaxies with diameters were identified in the Crux region (, Woudt & Kraan-Korteweg 1997). Prior to this investigation, only 65 of these galaxies had known redshifts. In order to map the galaxy distribution in redshift space we obtained spectra for 226 bright () objects with the 1.9 m telescope of the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO).
Redshifts could be determined for 209 objects, of which 173 have good signal-to-noise ratios. Of the 36 tentative redshifts, four are confirmed through independent values in the literature. The redshifts of three objects indicate them to be galactic in origin. One of these confirms a suspected Planetary Nebula. For 17 of the galaxies, no redshift could be determined due to poor signal-to-noise ratios.
In addition, 26 redshifts have have been measured in the Hydra-Antlia region investigated earlier (Kraan-Korteweg et al. 1995), of which one is a tentative estimate.
Two main structures crossing the Galactic Plane in the Crux region have now become clear. A narrow, nearby filament from ( to the Centaurus cluster can be traced. This filament runs almost parallel to the extension of the Hydra–Antlia clusters found earlier and is part of what we have earlier termed the "Centaurus Wall" extending in redshift-space between 6000  km s-1 (Fairall & Paverd 1995). The main outcome of this survey however, is the recognition of another massive extended structure between  km s-1  . This broad structure, dubbed the Norma Supercluster (Woudt et al. 1997), runs nearly parallel to the Galactic Plane from Vela to ACO 3627 (its centre) from where it continues to the Pavo cluster. This massive structure is believed to be associated with the Great Attractor.
The survey has furthermore revealed a set of cellular structures, similar to those seen in redshift space at higher galactic latitudes, but never before seen so clearly behind the Milky Way.


In this paper, we introduce Crowd in C[loud], a networked music piece designed for audience participation at a music concert. We developed a networked musical instrument for the web browser where a casual smartphone user can play music as well as interact with other audience members. A participant composes a short tune with five notes and serving as a personal profile picture of each individual throughout the piece. The notion of musical profiles is used to form a social network that mimics an online-dating website. People browse the profiles of others, choose someone they like, and initiate interaction online and offline. We utilize a cloud service that helps build, without a server-side programming, a large-scale networked music ensemble on the web. This paper introduces the design choices for this distributed musical instrument. It describes details on how the crowd is orchestrated through the cloud service. We discuss how it facilitates mingling with one another. Finally we show how live coding is incorporated while maintaining the coherence of the piece. From rehearsal to actual performance, the crowd takes part in the process of producing the piece.


Abstract Some of the previous investigations neglect the mass transfer contribution of the hydrophilic layer for modeling the Janus membrane that is used for direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). This work studies the impact of adding such resistance on the performance of the DCMD, especially on the temperature polarization coefficient (TPC), thermal efficiency, and permeate flux. The commercial software Ansys 2020 was used to describe the transport behavior through the Janus membrane. The bulk-flow model was employed to evaluate the permeate flow through the hydrophilic layer for the first time. Simulation results were compared with the experimental results from the literature for validating the model, and a satisfactory agreement was found. Results demonstrated that the permeate flux increased by about 61.3 % with changing the porosity of the hydrophilic layer from 0.5 to 0.9 for the membrane with the lowest hydrophilic layer thickness. Moreover, the thermal conductivities of both layers contribute significantly to the DCMD's overall performance enhancement. Vapour flux might be enhanced by increasing the hydrophilic layer's thermal conductivity while decreasing the hydrophobic layer's thermal conductivity. Finally, the DCMD thermal efficiency was investigated, for the first time, in terms of both layer characteristics.


Each year several measurements of the beam coupling impedance are performed in both longitudinal and transverse planes of the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron to keep track of its evolution. In parallel, after the extensive and successful campaign of identification, classification and cure of the possible sources of (mainly longitudinal) impedance between 1998 and 2001, a new campaign (essentially for the transverse impedance this time) has started few years ago, in view of the operation of the SPS with higher intensity for the LHC luminosity upgrade. The present paper summarizes the results obtained from the measurements performed over the last few years and compares them to our predictions. In particular, it reveals that the longitudinal impedance is reasonably well understood and the main contributors have already been identified. However, the situation is quite different in the transverse plane: albeit the relative evolution of the transverse impedance over the last few years can be well explained by the introduction of the nine MKE kickers necessary for beam extraction towards the LHC, significant contributors to the SPS transverse impedance have not been identified yet.


Esophageal diseases result in significant mortality, morbidity, and health care costs worldwide. Current approaches to detect and monitor esophageal diseases have severe limitations. Advanced imaging technologies are being developed to complement current approaches to improve diagnostic, therapeutic and surveillance protocols in order to advance the field. Raman spectroscopy‐based technologies hold promise to increase the sensitivity for detection of diseased and high‐risk lesions in vitro and in vivo in real time. This technique allows for the investigation of microstructural changes and also facilitates the discovery of disease‐specific biochemical alterations with the potential to provide novel insights into the pathobiology of these conditions. Raman spectroscopy has been increasingly applied in precancerous and cancerous esophageal conditions. However, its application in benign esophageal diseases is still in the early stages. Continuing its application in cancerous and precancerous conditions and expanding its use to benign esophageal disorders could lay a foundation for integration of this technology in clinical practice and diagnostic paradigms and development of an accurate and cost‐effective tool for use in a clinical setting. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy can also be used as an innovative technique to advance our understanding of the biochemical transformations associated with esophageal diseases and answer a myriad of fundamental questions in the field. In this review, we described the principles of Raman spectroscopy and instrumentation while providing an overview of current applications, challenges, and future directions in the context of esophageal diseases with an emphasis on its clinical translational application.


This article analyzes the influence of four sets of factors on deficit spending in 9 industrialized parliamentary democracies during 1958-1990. This article analyzes the influence of these factors and introduces and tests the importance of an additional potential influence on the size of a country's fiscal deficit: the "strength of fiscal bureaucracy." It is argued that the stronger a country's fiscal bureaucracy, the lower its deficit, ceteris paribus. Empirically, the authors find that the state of a nation's economy heavily affects its deficit. Little systematic relationship is found between the ideology of the ruling political party and a nation's deficit or between the political strength of the ruling party and deficits, in contrast to the findings of Roubini and Sachs. Finally, it is found that the strength of a country's fiscal bureaucracy is an important influence on the deficit in these 9 industrialized parliamentary democracies.


Ashumet Pond is located southeast of the Massachusetts Military Reservation (MMR) in the towns of Falmouth and Mashpee, Massachusetts. A sewage treatment plant (STP) located inside of the MMR discharged phosphorus-rich treated sewage into the ground for a period of approximately 50 years. As a result, a treated sewage plume formed and has migrated a significant distance, intersecting Ashumet Pond in its northwest corner. Many studies have been done to try and assess the impact of the phosphorus-laden groundwater on the pond. Over the last 20 years the pond has experienced heightened levels of phosphorus inputs from the STP plume, and there is concern that this phosphorus could cause excessive phytoplankton growth due to phosphorus being the limiting nutrient. The purpose of this study was to utilize a computer model to predict the effectiveness of remediation schemes that have been proposed to control the amount of phosphorus present in the water column. The model that was used in this study was the Water Quality for River-Reservoir Systems (WQRRS), which was developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. WQRRS is a one-dimensional model, and was used to extensively model temperature profiles, dissolved oxygen, and phosphorus levels within the water body. The most promising remediation schemes that were proposed and modeled are hypolimnetic extraction and sediment extraction. Both methods were found to be effective in removing the phosphorus from the water column without causing large disturbances in other ecological parameters. An attempt was made to model the phytoplankton, but a lack of data prevented effective calibration. Thesis Supervisor: Dr. E. Eric Adams Title: Senior Research Engineer and Lecturer


This paper presents a fuzzy logic-based algorithm to improve the performance of the differential relay in short transmission line protection for Cross-Country faults. This type of faults leads to the malfunction of current differential relays, while the probability of the relay performance error becomes negligible by using a fuzzy logic system along with the changes in per-unit values and the slope of the differential relay, and consequently choosing the best stability characteristics. In the proposed algorithm, the sensitivity, operation reliability, and performance speed for several types of faults including internal faults and even the high-resistive faults are maintained in the satisfactory levels. The algorithm is also suitable for external faults with the saturation of current transformers (CTs), and it improves the relay performance. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified in EMTDC/PSCAD software program, and the obtained results are compared with those of conventional methods.


We examine the impact of first impressions and entrepreneurial appearance on financing outcomes using a large sample of real investment pitches from a major European startup event. We ask noninvestors on Amazon's MTurk to rate entrepreneurial pitches on three dimensions: the appearance of competence, trustworthiness and attractiveness and test whether these ratings are associated with the probability of a company receiving early-stage investment. Companies run by entrepreneurs who are rated as one-standard-deviation more competent looking are almost 20% more likely to receive funding. The other measures of appearance, such as the appearance of trustworthiness and attractiveness as well as an overall "Perception"-measure (which averages all three ratings) also have some predictive power. All in all, the evidence suggests that first impressions and appearance can lead to improved financing outcomes for startups despite the extensive due diligence that goes into early-stage investments. JEL Classification: G24, M13


The invention relates to a method for supporting a Manovriervorganges of a motor vehicle and a driving assistance system. In a method for supporting a Manovriervorganges of a motor vehicle, said motor vehicle having a driver assistance system, the Manovriervorgang Wirde controlled by the driver assistance system at least partially autonomous, taking into account the surroundings of the motor vehicle and on the basis of predetermined control parameters. Here, in response to a driver input, an alternative mode of operation of the motor vehicle is activated, said alternative operating mode includes a change in at least one of the control parameters.


IoT is emerging in all the dimensions of the physical world, and smart city is one of the most promising among them. This article focuses on the efficient utilisation of resources in an IoT system. IoT resources have been identified and classified in context to a smart city. The number and type of resources may grow dynamically in a smart city, and user's demand may also vary dynamically. Therefore, to maximise the throughput of the system, the resources must be deployed, managed, and used efficiently. This manuscript has identified the concept, role, and composition of the resource manager with respect to an IoT system and presents a game theoretic approach to manage the resources from provider point of view. Using a complete and dynamic use case, including the multiple resources, it illustrates the usability of the proposed approach. The major focus is on the efficient use of IoT resources in a smart city.


Kent has become the third of the Home Counties in the UK to open a traffic management centre (TMC). In order to minimise spending on its TMC, Essex has reappointed SA2000 (a consortium of Atkins and Siemens Traffic Controls) to run its TMC until 2013. Hertfordshire is in talks with Essex to use its computer systems for a TMC. The Essex TMC is situated in the centre of County Hall in Chelmsford, allowing the public easy access. Essex is looking to make the process of effective traffic management as automated as possible. Surrey County Council's strategy is to disseminate the information that it currently collates at a single location at its TMC to other locations. Links with the Highways Agency are key to traffic management in Surrey, due to the length of the M25 in the county. Surrey is looking to provide car drivers and bus passengers with more real time traveller information. Both Essex and Surrey are developing microsimulation modelling techniques to enable them to understand what is likely to occur on the network in response to key interventions to sort out congestion problems. Both counties want to improve cooperation between neighbouring local authorities. Transport for London has developed a traffic news website to help drivers avoid congestion.


Plasma gasification technology is one of the potential methods to decompose dangerous wastes and turn them into non-leachable slag due to it greater energy efficiency and bottom ash prevention concerns. However, a fundamental study of CFD simulation on the reaction flow characteristic using the operational of plasma gasification process was scarce. The present study aims to investigate the gasification characteristic of municipal solid waste (MSW) component including food waste, paper, and yard waste to produce synthesis gas using a 3-dimensional CFD simulation method in the downdraft plasma gasifier. The reaction model of non-premixed combustion, Euler-Lagrangian approach and K- ε turbulence model was used as a setup parameter. Plasma being consider as hot gas with 1173K, coal as 293K and air inlet on 673K. Flowrate of feedstocks, plasma gas flow and air flowrate are set to 0.029 kg/s, 0.0438kg/s, and 0.0029kg/s respectively. Based on the result and comparison between those feedstocks, food waste typically produced higher CH4, CO, and CO2 than paper and yard. Yard wastes yield the highest H2 content which consist of 0.544 mole fraction, with 539.24% higher than food waste and 79.76% higher than paper. The result showed that gasification of different component from MSW produced different characteristic of syngas based on the properties of the feedstock.


The flow of Rivlin-Ericksen fluid past a porous vertical wall with the constant suction under the influence of uniform transverse magnetic field is studied. The velocity distribution, temperature distribution, rate of heat transfer, and the coefficient of skin friction are analyzed under the initial and boundary conditions. The effects of magnetic field, visco-elastic parameter, Prandtl number and suction parameter have been investigated on the flow of Rivlin-Ericksen fluid and the results are computed graphically for different values of the parameters.


Conventional weight loss tests and both DC and AC electrochemical techniques were used to study if an organic inhibitor containing an alkanolamine salt of a polycarboxylic acid can substitute toxic coatings as chromating and certain phosphating procedures in the protection of galvanized steel. The electrolyte used was a 0.5 M aerated NaCl solution. All tests gave concordant results, indicating that the chromate-free organic inhibitor does protect galvanized steel in this environment, even though the provided protection was less than that of the chromate conversion coating. It was observed that, after a moderate initial attack, the corrosion rate diminishes due to the appearance and growth of passivating corrosion products layers, mainly constituted by zinc hydroxychloride (Zn5(OH)8CI2⋅H2O) and two varieties of zinc hydroxide, among other crystalline compounds.


The chemistry of metal–O2 complexes has attracted much interest in the biological and bioinorganic chemistry communities, as such species are generated as key intermediates in the activation of dioxygen by metalloenzymes and corresponding model compounds. In biomimetic studies, a number of metal–O2 adducts have been synthesized and characterized with various spectroscopic methods, and their reactivities in the oxidation of organic substrates have been extensively investigated. For example, peroxidoiron(III) complexes with heme and non-heme ligands have been synthesized as chemical models of cytochrome P450 aromatase and Rieske dioxygenases, and their reactivities have been demonstrated in various nucleophilic reactions, such as aldehyde deformylation. Peroxidocopper(III) and -nickel(III) complexes have been synthesized and characterized recently, but their reactivities have not been well established in oxidative nucleophilic reactions of organic substrates. Peroxidomanganese(III) complexes are also invoked as reactive intermediates in the reactions of Mn-containing enzymes, such as manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, and the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II. In biomimetic studies, a number of Mn–peroxido complexes have been synthesized and characterized with a variety of spectroscopic methods including X-ray crystallography. A notable example is the first X-ray crystal structure of a side-on peroxido manganese(III) porphyrin complex ([Mn(tpp)(O2)] ; tpp=meso-tetraphenylporphyrin), reported by Valentine and co-workers. The second crystal structure of a monomeric side-on peroxido manganese(III) complex bearing a non-porphyrinic ligand was reported by Kitajima et al. However, reactivities of the peroxidomanganese(III) complexes have been rarely investigated in oxidation reactions. In the present work, we synthesized a peroxidomanganese(III) complex bearing a macrocyclic tetradentate N4 ligand, [Mn (tmc)(O2)] + (1; tmc= 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane). The X-ray crystal structure of 1 shows the binding of a peroxido ligand in a side-on h fashion. We have also demonstrated that 1 is capable of conducting aldehyde deformylation by a nucleophilic reaction in which cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde is deformylated to give cyclohexene as a sole product. Addition of 5 equivalents of H2O2 to a solution containing [Mn(tmc)(CF3SO3)2] and triethylamine (TEA; 2.5 equiv) in CH3CN at 25 8C afforded a green intermediate 1 with absorption bands at 453 nm (e= 490m 1 cm ) and 630 nm (e= 120m 1 cm ; Figure 1a, see the Supporting Information for experimental details). The intermediate persisted for several hours (t1/2 5 h) at 25 8C. The electrospray ionization mass spectrum (ESI-MS) of 1 exhibits a prominent ion peak at a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of 343.1 (Figure 1b) whose mass and isotope distribution pattern corresponds to [Mn(tmc)(O2)] + (calculated m/z 343.2; Figure 1b, inset). When the reaction was carried out with isotopically labeled H2 O2, a mass peak corresponding to [Mn(tmc)(O2)] + appeared at m/z 347.1 (calculated m/z 347.2; Figure 1b, inset). The 4mass-unit increase upon the substitution of O with O


We show that if the universal covering of a compact Riemannian manifold with no conjugate points is a quasi-convex metric space then the following assertion holds: Either the universal covering of the marlifold is a hyperbolic geodesic space or it contains a quasi-isometric immersion of Z x Z.


This thesis investigated the relationship of ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) with heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (La) that involved four studies. The first study concerned comparing RPE relationships with elite swimmers during exercise tests performed during in-season (IS) and off-season (OS) periods of training. The second study examined the effect of high ambient temperatures on the HRRPE and La-RPE relationship in elite cyclists during self-paced cycle tests. The third study investigated the effect of acute simulated moderate altitude (1800m) exposure on the HR-RPE and La-RPE relationship in highly trained cross-country skiers during incremental ski-striding treadmill tests. The fourth, and final study, was concerned with RPE relationships during upper and lower body work with elite kayakers and elite cyclists.


The performances of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources, in terms of high-charge-state yields and intensities within a particular charge-state, can be enhanced by increasing the physical sizes of the ECR zones in relation to the sizes of their plasma volumes. The ECR plasma "volumes" of traditional B-minimum ECR sources can be increased by injecting broadband microwave radiation (multiple-discrete frequency, variable frequency, or broad-bandwidth frequency microwave radiation) derived from standard klystron, gyrotron, or traveling-wave-tube (TWT) technologies (frequency domain). In this work, comparisons were made of the charge-state distributions of Arq+ and Xeq+ extracted from the ORNL Caprice ECR ion source, when excited with single frequency and multiple-discrete-frequency microwave radiation, derived from standard klystron and/or TWT technologies. The charge-state populations for Arq+ and Xeq+ move toward higher values when excited with modest power from two and three discrete frequency, m...


In this paper, we report the experimental data of photoresponse, namely, voltage responsivity and speed of response at λ=904 nm of silicon photodiode formed by pulsed laser-induced diffusion technique. Experimental results demonstrated that the photodiode parameters strongly depend on the laser energy and substrate temperature. Maximum responsivity is obtained for p–n junctions photodetectors prepared by laser fluence of 9.17 J/cm2 for Al-doped Si and 10.03 J/cm2 for Sb-doped Si at substrate temperature (Ts) of 598 K. The pulse response waveform of photodetectors illustrated that the rise time is not dominated by RC. Non-linearity deviation coefficient is improved by factors 1.6 for and 2.7 for for Al-doped Si and Sb-doped Si photodetectors, respectively, when Ts is raised from 300 K to 598 K.


The aim of this study is to identify the degree of importance and satisfaction of caregiving needs among family members who have children with cancer in Jordan. A purposive sample (N=100) of family caregivers participated in this study, (80%) of them are females. The participating caregivers were recruited and interviewed in a medical center located in Amman. Results showed that needs of obtaining information, and accompanying the sick child, scored the highest levels of importance and satisfaction, while need of facilitating the development of the sick child scored the lowest levels of importance and satisfaction among caregivers. Stepwise regression analyses' findings also showed that degree of satisfaction with needs of negotiating with health care professionals, maintaining the caregiver's own strength, and accompanying the sick child were the best significant predictors of the total degree of caregiving needs' importance. Moreover, the results showed that the group of family caregivers at the diagnostic stage tended to be significantly less satisfied with the needs of obtaining information than those at the treatment stage. In addition, those who mentioned their need for psychological help were significantly less satisfied with the needs of maintaining the caregiver's own strength, facilitating the development of the sick child and obtaining information than those who did not mention their need for such a help. The study includes counseling implications and interventions. (Keywords: Childhood Cancer Caregiving, Caregiver unmet needs, Caregiver satisfaction, Childhood Cancer Family Caregiver Needs Survey (CFCNS), Caregivers of Children with Cancer in Jordanian Families, Counseling Implications and Interventions).


The utility model discloses a woodworking boring machine. The woodworking boring machine is characterized by comprising a frame, a lifting device, a surface perforating device, a rotating device, and a side surface perforating device, wherein the lifting device mainly comprises a lead screw, a lead screw nut, a balance plate, a lifting motor bridge, a driving belt wheel, a driven belt wheel, a lifting motor and a belt; the surface perforating device mainly comprises a sliding rail, a sliding block, a surface perforating motor, a surface perforating bridge and a surface perforating motor fixing seat; the rotating device mainly comprises a vacuum suction nozzle, a rotating disk and a rotating motor; the side surface perforating device mainly comprises a sliding rail, a sliding block, a side surface perforating motor fixing seat, a side surface perforating motor and a side surface perforating motor bridge. The woodworking boring machine has the benefits of improving the plank perforating efficiency and the perforating precision, greatly reducing the rejection rate of plank processing as the rotary processing is used to realize perforation of the periphery of the side surfaces of the plank, and reducing the production cost for an enterprise.


A new nonlinear guidance logic, that has demonstrated superior performance in guiding unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) on curved trajectories, is presented. The logic approximates a proportional-derivative controller when following a straight line path, but the logic also contains an element of anticipatory control enabling tight tracking when following curved paths. The method uses inertial speed in the computation of commanded lateral acceleration and adds adaptive capability to the change of vehicle speed due to external disturbances, such as wind. Flight tests using two small UAVs showed that each aircraft was controlled to within 1.6 meters RMS when following circular paths. The logic was ultimately used for air rendezvous of the two aircraft, bringing them in close proximity to within 12 meters of separation, with 1.4 meters RMS relative position errors.


When the above article was first published online, the affiliation for T. Takagi and S. Tsujimoto was incorrectly given as Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), and the affiliation for T. Tonoue and D. Matsui was incorrectly given as Ajinomoto Co., Inc. This has now been corrected to Ajinomoto Co., Inc. for T. Takagi and S. Tsujimoto, and Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. for T. Tonoue and D. Matsui.


deed each separate action carried out or attributable to the United States government, whether it involved blocking financial assistance to the government, delaying debt negotiations or financing anti-government strikers, cannot be easily described as having a decisive impact on the final outcome." While I can quarrel with Faundez's somewhat inaccurate, if ambiguous, assertion that the U.S. Government deliberately funded striking Chilean truckers, I have no criticism of his conclusion that indigenous Chilean forces principally determined the outcome of Allende's experiment in institutional socialism. Faundez has written a thoughtful, informed and quite balanced analysis. If one takes into account the author's general point of view, and accepts the book's somewhat narrowly defined frame of reference, the study is a valuable contribution to the growing file of literature on contemporary Chilean history.


POptimizing organizational performance has a positive impact on the services provided. Various steps need to be taken in an effort to create a sustainable business. Organizational excellence is inseparable from several main factors, such as: performance, customer satisfaction, leadership, process management, employee involvement, learning, innovation, and social responsibility. Organizations must be able to assess their performance to explore various opportunities and be able to put themselves in a competitive situation. The Baldrige Criteria are a guide for organizations to evaluate performance and create superior and world-class management. This criterion consists of seven pillars, namely: leadership; strategic planning; focus on consumers and markets; analysis and knowledge management; focus on human resources; business process management; and results. This research was conducted to analyze the application of the Baldrige Criteria to the Mangunan Fruit Garden tourist attraction as an effort to create superior and world-class tourism management. A qualitative, descriptive research design was used in this study and was combined with the Baldrige Criteria instrument. Collected data for this study through in-depth interviews with several informants from management and employees. The results of the study explained that the management of the Mangunan Orchard was not in accordance with the Baldrige Criteria. Tourist attraction managers need to design the right strategy to create superior and world-class organizational performance.


the paper presents the description of ZPMC automated terminal and its framework of safety ensuring system. All assembly equipments are abstracted as autonomous systems, and connected by the asembly of containers. With a hierachical structure, state chart and system chart are used to describe the independent assembly equipment and the whole assembly line. Defaut causes are seperated from state charts in order to keep the process safe, and the method of flow chart for falut handling is also presented.


Epidemiological data indicate that diabetes is one of the major contributing factors to the high incidence and prevalence rates of dialysis in Taiwan. Approximately fifty percent of dialysis patients were originated from diabetes. Guava is one of the popular and widely processed fruits in Taiwan. In folk medicine, the roots, bark, leaves, and fruits of Guava are used to treat diarrhea, hyperglycemia, and a number of other conditions. This study thus was designed to explore the potential protective effects of fresh guava juice on oxidation, inflammation, and kidney injury in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, based on their initial body weights, were randomly divided into four groups: control, streptozotocin (STZ), STZ plus low concentration guava juice (STZGL), and STZ plus high concentration guava juice (STZGH). Diabetic state was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 45 mg/kg body weight STZ. After induction of diabetes, the animals were treated with or without fresh guava juice for 12 weeks. Analytical results showed that fresh guava juice displayed good antioxidant properties. It could not reduce the body weights and blood sugar levels of diabetic rats. However, the kidney malondialdehyde, urine creatinine and protein levels, and erythrocyte aldose reductase activity were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the STZGH group as compared to the STZ group. The activities of kidney superoxide dismutase and catalase and the level of erythrocyte glutathione were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the STZGH group than in the STZ group. Moreover, when compared with the STZ group, serum triglycerol, nitric oxide, interleukin-6 levels of the STZGH group decreased 27.7%, 36.0%, and 12.8%, respectively, while serum interleukin-10 level and renal glutathione peroxidase activity raised 22.5% and 28.5%, respectively. The Western blot results revealed that fresh guava juice significantly suppressed (p<0.05) transforming growth factor-β1 protein expression in the kidney, but it had no effect on the protein expression of protein kinase C-. Histological examination showed that fresh guava juice obviously reduced renal injury, such as glomerular basement membrane thickening and mesangial matrix expansion. The findings of present study implied that fresh guava juice could not improve hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic rats, but its potential antioxidantive and anti-inflammatory capacities could ameliorate kidney injury.


An analysis of the lunar gamma‐ray spectrum as measured by the Lunar Prospector Gamma‐Ray Spectrometer has revealed that 8–8.9 MeV gamma rays contain information about the elemental composition of near‐surface materials. These high‐energy gamma rays are found to be primarily sensitive to the total Fe and Mg content of the surface, although other elements also contribute. This information has been used to identify several regions with unique compositions, including the Hertzsprung and Orientale basins. A method for deriving global Mg abundances from high‐energy gamma‐ray measurements is presented. The physical mechanism for high‐energy gamma‐ray production is proposed to be radiation produced during the decay of galactic cosmic ray produced pions within the lunar surface. Laboratory measurements of pion production cross sections are found to be consistent with the empirically derived relationship between the lunar Fe, Mg, and Ti abundances and the measured high‐energy gamma‐ray count rates.


Objective To establish a controllable wall shear stress (WSS) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration polarization animal model to investigate the effects of these 2 factors on the formation of artherosclerosis (AS) in vivo. Methods The left common carotid arteries (LCCA) of rabbits were ligated by a gel-silica pipe loop ligature with 3 different stenosis degree (30%, 40% or 50%) to generate different blood flow environment on local blood vessel, while the right common carotid artery (RCCA) was performed as a sham operation control. After operation the animals were fed with 4 kinds of forages with different cholesterol concentration (0%, 0.5%, 1% or 1.5%) to form different level of LDL concentration polarization. Hemodynamics parameters of bilateral common carotid artery (CCA) were measured by color Doppler flow imaging at 8 weeks postoperatively, then the animals were killed to get bilateral CCA examples for pathological observation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results In the case with same stenosis degree, WSS of LCCA was increased with the augmentation of cholesterol concentration. In the case of same cholesterol concentration, WSS of LCCA in 40% stenosis degree group was the lowest. In the case of same sample, WSS of LCCA was higher than RCCA (P0.05). The observation of pathological section and SEM indicated there were atherosclerotic lesions in different extent in LCCA of all groups, but the lesions of 40% stenosis degree were most significant. Conclusion A controllable WSS and LDL concentration polarization model of CCA in rabbit is established successfully, and low WSS and LDL concentration polarization contribute to the formation and development of AS.


A selectivity increase for asymmetric hydrogenation in aqueous solution from 1.5%ee (blank experiment) up to 78%ee (amphiphiles present) may be accounted for by inclusion of the catalyst into micellar aggregates. The relative enantioselectivity Qa/b is distinctly higher for the rhodium chelate 1, carrying a hydroxy group, than for the related DIOP complex 2. The effect is minimized in the presence of increasing amounts of methanol, which is known to prevent micelle formation.


Objective To understand malaria actual incidence and underreported degree of Jiangcheng county.Methods Retrospective investigation was carried out to gather the number of malaria cases,numbers of blood examination,treatment prescriptions and villagers' malaria history in 2002.The malaria incidence and underreporting report were evaluated by capture-recapture method.Results The malaria morbidity was 0.51‰ in Jiangcheng in 2002.The malaria morbidities of three townships investigated were 1.46‰,0.29‰ and 0,respectively.30 malaria patients were reported in 27 natural villages.By checking blood examination reports,treatment prescriptions and finding out villagers with malaria history,the rates of underreporting report were estimated to be 58.33%,16.67% and 84.13% respectively,and the malaria cases estimated were 130,65 and 340. Conclusion The degree of malaria underreporting is serious in Jiangcheng County.


Background: Female condom (FC) has efficiently challenged the increased risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI)/HIV, unwanted pregnancy and promoted self-protection and autonomy among females. However, despite being provided free of charge, the researchers have not observed satisfactory level of demand for FC by the HIV-positive clients at our facility. This study sought to establish the determinants or deterrent factors to the uptake and the use of FC among HIV-infected female clients in an Army hospital, Lagos. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used and 340 interviewees were selected for the survey. Analyses were completed using Epi InfoTM version 126.96.36.199. Association between variables of interests was established using Chi-square. Result: Mean age of the participants was 37.91 ± 8.33 years while the median age was 37. Greater proportion was married (50.5%), business women (55.5%), had at least school certificate (90.1%), and had regular sexual partner (84.4%). Only 69.8% disclosed their status to their sexual partners, while 79.5% in turn were informed of their partners' HIV status. Being in marital union, younger age and being aware of partner's HIV status were significantly associated with HIV disclosure (p < 0.001). Contraceptive uptake was 59.8%, while FC use was 5.4%. Most reported limiting factors to FC utilization were non-availability (22.5%) and use of male condom by the partner (13.8%). Conclusion: Suboptimal HIV status disclosure, contraceptive use and very low FC uptake among participants need urgent attention to limit further spread of the virus, STI and prevent unwanted pregnancies.


Hexapod walking robots have attracted considerable attention for several decades. However, only in the recent past efficient walking machines have been conceived, designed and build with performances that can be suitable for practical applications. Nowadays many expenses are made in the field defense on adopting primitive security measures to protect the border form the trespassers. Some military organization take the help of robot in the risk prone areas which are not that effective when done by army men. These robots are confined with the camera, sensors, metal detectors and video screen. The main objective of our system is to get automated gun targeting including some additional parameters like Wi-Fi module for real time data processed by the camera at the video screen and IR sensor to trace intruders. Thus, the proposed system using Wi-Fi reduces errors at defense and keeps the nation secure from the foe.


Drug resistance among pathogenic microorganisms has become the biggest threat to the treatment of human infective diseases worldwide, often making the treatment ineffective. Actinomycetes are capable of producing novel bioactive metabolites and new chemical entities. The objective of the present study was to screen actinomycetes showing anti-Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity from amarine soil sample collected at Ariyaman beach of Tamil Nadu, India. The marine soil sample waspre-treated, and inoculated onto aspecific medium for isolation of actinomycetes. The isolates were screened for its antibacterial activity against MRSA and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE)using cross streak method and well diffusion method. The potential isolate was identified by morphological and biochemical characterization. Among the isolates screened for anti-MRSA activity, VITADK3 showed significant activity against ATCC MRSA strains, 43300 and 700699 with 18mm and 16 mm zone of inhibition respectively. The isolate was confirmed as belonging to actinomycetes based on the results obtained from morphological and physiological characterization. The results of the study suggest that the isolate VITADK3 from Ariyaman beach is a good source for the production of anti-MRSA secondary metabolites.


Objective To discuss the feasibility of endovascular treatment for traumatic arterial lesions.MethodSix patients treated by endovascular stent grafts were retrospectively reviewed.Result Patients consisted of left common carotid artery pseudoaneurysm, right subclavian arteriovenous fistula,thoracic aortic pseudoaneurysm, righ iliac arteriovenous fistula,left iliac arterial pseudoaneursym and femoral arterial pseudoaneurysm. All of the patients abtained the blood flow reconstruction without any complications after endoluminal therapy under local anesthesia. No occlusion appeared during follow up.Conclusion The stent grafts appear to be associated with a low morbidity, high success rate, and less traumatic procedure. Endovascular management is an important tool for the treatment of vascular trauma.


AbstractRecently, formal approaches to interface management (IM) have been adopted in a number of large-scale engineering and construction (EC however, they are not as effective for dealing with project complexity originating from large numbers of engineered ite...


This research is for the purpose of finding out the strong and weak points of a Korean mathematics textbook and a Singapore one and the guidance for the instruction of the trigonometrical ratios and trigonometrical functions in Korea, which is interested in the revision of curriculum and the develop...


ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effect of feed supplementation with chia and canola oils as a substitute for soybean oil on the composition of Nile tilapia muscle tissue using chemometrics. Diets were supplemented with 2.1% of each oil and were provided to fish for 15 and 30 days. Compared to soybean oil, supplementation with canola and chia oils significantly increased (P < 0.05) the contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5 n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) in Nile tilapia fillet. At 30 days, DHA content increased 97% in Nile tilapia fed chia oil and 91% in treatment with canola oil. The highest EPA content correlated to treatment with chia oil (7.33 mg 100 g−1). The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) precursors, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, were observed to increase according to treatment type and feed supplementation duration. The principal component analysis resulted in a two-principal-component model that described 92.07% of the total data variance. Also, it highlighted that the replacement of soybean oil with canola and chia oils in Nile tilapia diets contributed to increasing the n-3 LC-PUFA concentration in Nile tilapia fillets, improving its nutritional value.


Abstract : Earlier exploratory research indicated that officers with different academic backgrounds (i.e., college majors) performed differently on certain measures of duty performance. The purpose of this research was to extend the scope of this earlier research by evaluating the effects of academic preparation on the relevant performance measures when the differences in aptitude are controlled. A sample of officers were divided into five groups on the basis of the major field of study pursued as an undergraduate. Comparison was made among these five groups on several performance measures while using certain measures of aptitude as covariates. Discussion of the findings and implications of these findings will be presented.


Folklore has many cultural aspects like stories, folk songs, oral history, proverbs, jokes, popular beliefs and customs within a particular culture and subcultures. In Haryanvi culture at large and Ahirwal subculture in particular the most historic is folksongs which show women's socio cultural status. Articulations in folk songs reflect the women's perceptions, their social cognition, their fantasies and provide them a cathartic space. Folk songs have come to be associated with a wide range of styles, influences and social practices. They have become closely linked with an oral tradition in which songs are passed down through generations without any formal transcription. Folk songs can play an important role in construction of social identities. The association of songs with specific places means that the composition is often linked with national or regional identity through its celebration of local events and landscapes. Folk songs from specific rural localities have the potential to represent the lives, grievances and celebrations of those living in that particular rural area. Listening to folk songs is a corporeal performance that has the potential to engage people with places in emotional ways.


One alternative to accelerate the decomposition of lignin or cellulose organic matter is to use microorganisms. Bacterial  combined with fungi and synergistic will produce good compost. To ensure the viability and effectiveness of the decomposer microorganisms a suitable carrier material is required. The objective of the study were to obtain a combination of microorganisms isolates (bacteria and fungi) in accordance with the formulation of the carrier in supporting their viability and effectiveness to decomposting of maize biomass. The results showed that the combination of isolates  E7.7 + P7 and B7.1 + O5 up to 28 weeks' storage were relatively superior than Promi and EM4. At 28 weeks storage,  population of bacterial E7.7+P7  is 2,1-2,75x109 cfu/g and fungus  0,3-0,48x109 cfu/g, isolate B7.1+O5 had bacterial   1,38-2,5x109 cfu/g and fungus  0,2-0,3x109 cfu/g. While Promi and EM4 had bacterial were about 0.1-1.5x109 cfu/g and fungus 0.1x109 cfu/g. Both of these isolate   to decomposition of maize biomass had lower C/N and water content, and higher P and K content than EM4. Therefore, both of the combination of bacteria and fungi (E7.7 + P7 and B7.1 + O5) are worthy to biodecomposer for the making of compost fertilizer. To maintain viability and effectiveness of microbe E7.7+P7 was a better to use sago+compost, while for the combination of B7.1+O5 can using sago+compost and alternative is rice water+zeolit carrier material. The results of identification based on 16S rRNA sequence showed that isolates B7.1 and E7.7, respectively were Bacillus cereus strain ATCC14579 and Brevundimonas diminuta strain NBRC12967, while isolates of fungus O5 and P7 respectively were are Aspergillus fumigatus strains KARVSO4, and Aspergillus fumigatus strains DAOM-21534-28S.


Three microporous polyimides, MPI-1, MPI-2, and MPI-3, with uniform pores were synthesized via one-pot polycondensation from tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)methane, tris(4-aminophenyl)amine and 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene with pyromellitic dianhydride, respectively. The amorphous networks exhibit excellent thermal stability, large BET surface areas up to 1454 m2 g–1, and narrow pore size distribution in the range from 5 to 6 A. Their adsorption–desorption isotherms of CO2 are reversible, and the CO2 uptakes at 273 K and 1 bar are up to 16.8 wt %. Moreover, based on the ratios of initial slopes of isotherms, the CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 separation factors are as high as 102 and 12, respectively. The above CO2 adsorption and separation properties are attributed to the presence of abundant electron-rich heteroatoms in the polyimide networks and the unifrom ultralmicroporous structures. In addition, for MPI-1, the adsorption capacity of benzene vapor is 119.8 wt %, while the separation factors of benzene over nitrogen...


This paper will focus on transportation of coarser particulate solids of crusher-run consistency within a water or medium fluid over distances from one kilometre to twenty kilometres using centrifugal slurry pumps. Size of solids discussed varies from zero up to 120mm. A review of existing and past installations together with commentary on design techniques is used to promote the conclusion that hydrotransportation of coarser materials can be a responsible commercial reality and is indeed an under-utilised resource.


Hydroxynitrile lyases (Hnl's) are highly enantiospecific enzymes used for the synthesis of enantiopure compounds. Industrial production of (S)-mphenoxybenzaldehyde cyanohydrin on multi-ton scale has commenced. This work describes the development of a general strategy towards the development and optimization of the industrial synthesis of enantiopure cyanohydrins, catalyzed by hydroxynitrile lyases, in aqueous-organic biphasic systems.


The nodal structure of molecular momentum distributions is studied by considering the simplest case of the ground state of the hydrogen molecular ion. By examining the exact expansion of the H2+ momentum distribution, it is shown that an infinite sequence of nodes does exist along the pz axis (z axis parallel to the bond axis) but not nodal planes perpendicular to the pz axis (as is found for the simplest LCAO function). The nodes are those points where nonplanar nodal surfaces cross the pz axis. It is also shown that molecular systems with more than one electron cannot, in the ground state, have nodal surfaces in their momentum distributions. Implications for the directional Compton profiles J(q) are discussed.


Purpose of review This review will summarize the key contribution of complement regulators in the immune response to an allograft. Recent findings Over the past 10 years, compelling evidences have been accumulated in support of a critical role of complement in the pathological phenomena related to organ transplantation. In addition to recurrence of complement-mediated disease after graft, complement is involved in situations as diverse as brain death induced tissue damages, ischaemia–reperfusion and antibody-mediated rejections. This complement activation is counterbalanced by various regulatory mechanisms. Summary We discuss the role of physiological and therapeutic complement regulators that are designed to overcome the impact of complement overactivation with the aim of improving long-term transplant outcomes. We will focus primarily on renal allograft, but the discussed mechanisms take place to a different degree in any kind of organ transplantation.


In the urethanized, fasting (for two days) cats, whose vagi were cut in the neck and the inferior and stellate ganglia removed bilaterally, one seventh, one fifth or one third of the total blood volume was bled; as a consequence an acceleration resulted in the beat rate of the denervated heart and seemingly the greater the haemorrhage, the greater also the acceleration. These results indicate highly probably that bleeding produces in urethanized cats an increased output of epinephrine.


Methods of female sterilization carried out in India through laparotomy incision include Madleners technique Pomeroys operation Irvings method cornual resection of proximal ends and ligation of distal ends of the fallopian tubes bilateral total salpingectomy and Aldridges method. A modification of Irvings technique where the corneal stump is buried through a purse-string technique is described. This modification is advantageous because it is easy to perform and relatively foolproof perfect hemostasis is ensured and the stumps are completely peritonized.


With the fast, continuous increase in the number and size of databases, parallel data mining is a natural and cost-effective approach to tackle the problem of scalability in data mining. Recently there has been a considerable research on parallel data mining. However, most projects focus on the parallelization of a single kind of data mining algorithm/paradigm. This paper surveys parallel data mining with a broader perspective. More precisely, we discuss the parallelization of data mining algorithms of four knowledge discovery paradigms, namely rule induction, instance-based learning, genetic algorithms and neural networks. Using the lessons
learned from this discussion, we also derive a set of heuristic principles for designing efficient parallel data mining algorithms.


Objective To investigate the influence of health education in diabetes mellitus patients.Methods Ninty diabetes mellitus patients during were divided into intervention and control groups.Patients in the intervention group received health education.Two groups patients were traeted to assess effect after half year.Results Contrasted to control group,the FPG、2hPG、HbA1c had a trend of decrease.Conclusion It is important for diabetes mellitus patients to be health educated.


ABSTRACT The quality of service includes both the tangible and intangible elements that consumers
perceive when receiving a service. In the same way, it represents one of the most important
variables in the formulation of marketing strategies. The loyalty allows knowing the intention
or decision that the consumer assumes before the stimulus quality of service.

 The research focused on establishing the relationship between both concepts, quality of
service and loyalty, in clients in the Inca minimarket, considering their perception and
intention of behavior.

 The applied research methodology corresponded to a cross-sectional quantitative study of
the descriptive-correlational type. The survey method was used to obtain the information
through a structured and validated questionnaire, based on the measurement instrument of
the CALSUPER questionnaire. This was applied to a random sample of 207 clients.

 The results of the investigation allowed establishing that there is a relationship between the
quality of service and its relationship with the consumer's purchase loyalty. The quality of
service was measured in the dimensions, physical evidence, reliability, policies and personal
interaction. Of these, the first two are those that are most related to loyalty measured as
behavioral intention.

 Finally, it is recommended that the managers of the minimarks put greater emphasis on
these two dimensions when defining strategies aimed at improving the quality of service,
which will result in higher levels of loyalty of current and new customers.

Keywords: Quality of service, loyalty.


This paper presents the first systematic review and narrative synthesis that focuses on mental health help-seeking among Arabs living in different countries around the globe. This included behaviours and attitudes towards mental health help-seeking, as well as barriers and facilitators to seeking psychological support in this population. We conducted this review in aim of understanding what factors may influence Arab's help-seeking and use of psychological services. We also aimed to provide a comprehensive overview on whether this may differ across Arab immigrants/refugees and Arabs residing in Arab countries. The results of this study provide an insight into help-seeking attitudes and behaviours among Arabs in different geographical contexts, and particularly what challenges they are facing. The review identifies support needed that could increase service use and awareness of available mental health support among Arabs. We hope that this paper will have a significant impact on shaping the support and services offered to ethnic minority Arab populations to encourage help-seeking.


Though costs related to the purchase and consumption of atypical antipsychotics are increasing, no changes were registered in the amount of use of correctors of extrapyramidal side effects after neuroleptic therapy and the incidence of type 2 diabetes is rising. This could be explained by inadequate combination therapy with typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs as a result of misleading advertising and stereotypical prescribing of psychotropic drugs. Safe and effective introduction of new medicines is possible only against the background of their adequate use based on unbiased information.


The invention relates to a novel use of 5-methyl-1-phenyl-1(H)-pyridone for the treatment and prevention of the adverse effects of breast implants, such as inflammation, capsular contraction and fibrosis.


Boston, Sept. 18, 1894. To the Editor: —On page 433 of the Journal for September 15 is a statement that every regular State Society, except those of New York and Massachusetts , sends delegates to the annual meetings. The fact is that both of these States do send delegates. Respectfully,


By using the method of questionnaire,documentary and online search,this paper studies condition and model of physical education teaching in universities in three provinces of Northeast China.The result shows that the level of whole development of physical education teaching in universities in three provinces of Northeast China is not high;the education facilities such as playground,equipment are scarce;teachers are shortage.In order to adapt the rapid development of quality-oriented education,physical education in universities should insist on specialty characteristics,carry out three-step physical education teaching model,promotes the physical education teaching reform of universities.


Reviewed here are recent attempts to produce protein-based artificial oxygen carriers ("blood substitutes"). Most of these involve chemical or physical modifications on hemoglobin, although a recent line of research using hemerythrin instead of hemoglobin is also described. The focus is set on the extent to which these modifications alter the redox reactivity of the proteins, and on ways in which this can be done systematically and purposefully, within the framework of a working hypothesis where redox side-reactions hold an important role in the physiological outcome of experimental transfusions with artificial oxygen carriers.


marked that the draft for Vietnam might take so many young men that the graduate schools would be left with the blind, the lame, and the women. Whether the blind and the lame have indeed moved in, I do not know; but the women we have always with us. In the graduate schools they are in fact a majority. As for undergraduate schools, the trend towards coeducation makes it likely that we will all be teaching women before long, if we are not doing so already. Therefore I would like to look at the


no doubt, examples of one of the now recognized forms of ichthyosis. Panarolus,1 who flourished as professor in Home about the middle of the seventeenth century, gives a curious description of a woman who was otherwise free from disease, but whose skin was everywhere covered with scales. (" Mulier in cute squamas undique reprajsentans citra morbum.") Stalpartius Vander Wiel,2 physician at the Hague, and the contemporary of Panarolus, under the head of " Squameus, ac veluti Phoca3 pelle contectus puer," records a


In this paper, a new method of facial expression recognition is proposed for missing tensor data. In this method, the missing tensor data is estimated by facial expression synthesis in order to construct the full tensor, which is used for multi-factorization face analysis. The full tensor data allows for the full use of the information of a given database, and hence improves the performance of face analysis. Compared with EM algorithm for missing data estimation, the proposed method avoids iteration process and reduces the estimation complexity. The proposed missing tensor data estimation is applied for expression recognition. The experimental results show that the proposed method is performing better than only utilize the original smaller tensor.


Objective Study PDGF-B、PDGFR-B mRNA gene expression in IgAN mice renal cortex.Methods We make IgAN animal model.then we make use of a quantitative real-time PCR method for detection of PDGF-B、PDGFR-B mRNA gene expression in IgAN mice renal cortex and to investigate the relationship between PDGF-B mRNA expression and α-SMAmRNA expression.Results(1)the Expression of PDGF-B mRNA and PDGFR-B mRNA、α-SMA mRNA in IgAN mice renal cortex was significantly higher than that in the controls.(2)In IgAN mice,PDGF-B mRNA expression showed significant positive correlations with α-SMA mRNA expression;Conclusion PDGF-B and PDGFR-B might be play important roles in pathogenesis of IgAN via mediating mesangial cell proliferation.


Research on differential privacy is generally concerned with examining data sets that are static. Because the data sets do not change, every computation on them produces "one-shot" query results; the results do not change aside from randomness introduced for privacy. There are many circumstances, however, where this model does not apply, or is simply infeasible. Data streams are examples of non-static data sets where results may change as more data is streamed. Theoretical support for differential privacy with data streams has been researched in the form of differentially private streaming algorithms. In this paper, we present a practical framework for which a non-expert can perform differentially private operations on data streams. The system is built as an extension to PINQ (Privacy Integrated Queries), a differentially private programming framework for static data sets. The streaming extension provides a programmatic interface for the different types of streaming differential privacy from the literature so that the privacy trade-offs of each type of algorithm can be understood by a non-expert programmer.


An accurate rotor resistance estimation model of squirrel cage induction motors (SCIMs) is developed in 3D FEA. 2D transient analysis was utilized for excitations in the 3D model to improve its accuracy over previous 2D and analytical methods. Rated and starting performance from the FEA model match with the nominal and locked-rotor performance of a 3-phase, 460 V, 1 hp test machine. A modified ring model has been proposed and machine torque-slip characteristics and nominal performance have been analyzed. The effect of slot opening and 4 classes of SCIM bar geometry have been investigated to analyze their relative performance. Finally, four different ring and bar combinations are suggested, with the modified rotor structure presenting gain in starting and rated performance compared to the test machine. Results present the design tradeoffs and performance analysis, first for a 1 hp SCIM and then extended for a higher power (10 hp) machine.


A high speed real-time data acquisition system based on a FPGA is designed in this paper.This system combines three functions of the channel selection to control and gain setting,A/D switching control,and the data buffering asynchronous FIFO by using a FPGA as the controller of a data acquisition system.The channel choosing and gain setting of a programmable gain amplifier could be realized through the software programming controlling hardware by using the Verilog HDL language.A 16-bit FIFO is designed to accomplish the data buffering memory using the internal RAM in a FPGA.The plan of synchronized acquisition and the real-time read data based on FPGA improves the system speed of data acquisition and the transmission.The simulation results show that the designed high speed real-time data acquisition system has good functions.


Breast cancer and cervical cancer are the cause of death for Indonesian women. The cancer morbidity rate in Salatiga is 1% according to the Salatiga City Health Profile in 2015. Every woman has a second risk factor for cancer that affects her life. The aim was to find out the second risk factor for cancer in the PKK Focus Group Discussion (FGD) in Salatiga. The research design used was a quantitative survey, with a closed questionnaire method containing 19 questions about breast cancer risk factors and 11 questions for cervical cancer. The study was conducted in seven urban villages during August 2016-January 2017, in 95 people. The results obtained include: risk factors for non-modified cervical cancer: the age of marriage above 12 years, aged over 30 years, the number of children more than 2 people. Risk factors for modification obtained include: not yet HPV immunization, not yet Pap smear, and KB IUD. Participants with moderate risk categories were 42 people (44.21%). Non-modified breast cancer risk factors include: age of menarche above 12 years, age of menopause above 55 years, having a history of tumors, and age of childbirth above 30 years. Risk modification factors include: high fat consumption, rarely consumption of vegetables / fruit, rarely exercise, obesity, and radiation exposure. The FGD participants entered the moderate risk category by 46 people (48.42%). The unpaired T test showed differences in seviks cancer scores (p = 0.041) and there were no differences in breast cancer scores (p = 0.464) in urban and peripheral members. PKK FGD participants had moderate risk factors for cervical cancer and breast cancer. Strong member commitment is needed to change risk factors with a healthy lifestyle.


OBJECTIVE To analyze the rationality of off-label drug use in prescriptions in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. METHODS A total of 7 535 outpatient prescriptions in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus selected from January to December 2014 in the hospital were analyzed. Rationality of the off-label drug use was evaluated by searching foreign package inserts,guidelines at home and abroad,MICROMEDEX Health Care Series database,domestic and foreign literatures and so on.RESULTS Drugs with off-label use included dexamethasone,cyclophosphamide,mycophenolate mofetil,methotrexate,tacrolimus and thalidomide tablets. 39. 06% of prescriptions involved in off-label drug use. Conclusion The off-label use in metformin,spironolactone and letrozole were recommended by domestic and overseas guidelines,with better level of evidence of evidence-based medicines. CONCLUSION The evaluated off-label drug use in prescriptions were recommended by guidelines or with rational evidence of medical practice. The drug applications in patients were according to indications,the prescriptions were reasonable.


By the semi-classical closed orbit theory and region-splitting consistent iteration method, we calculated the recurrence spectra and closed orbits of He + 2 in parallel electric and magnetic fields. Using the new potential with electronic exchange interaction, complex channel quantum defects and molecular closed orbits theory, we discussed the influence of molecular core to the recurrence spectra and closed orbits.


Effect of interlayer tunneling in the double-layer fractional quantum Hall system at the total Landau level filling of $\nu=1/m$ ($m$: odd integer) is analyzed with the composite-fermion approach in which the flux attachment is directly applied to the electron-electron interaction. A comparison with a numerical result indicates that the vertically coupled Laughlin liquids may be regarded as a system of composite fermions with {\em reduced} interparticle interactions and {\em unchanged} interlayer tunneling, which makes the quantum-Hall regime, identified by a gap in the pseudospin-wave excitation mode, wider as $\nu$ becomes $1/3,1/5,\ldots$.


The Yao and Theta graphs are defined for a given point set and a fixed integer k > 0. The space around each point is divided into k cones of equal angle, and each point is connected to a nearest neighbor in each cone. The difference between Yao and Theta graphs is in the way the nearest neighbor is defined: Yao graphs minimize the Euclidean distance between a point and its neighbor, and Theta graphs minimize the Euclidean distance between a point and the orthogonal projection of its neighbor on the bisector of the hosting cone. We prove that, corresponding to each edge of the Theta graph Θ6, there is a path in the Yao graph Y6 whose length is at most 8.82 times the edge length. Combined with the result of Bonichon, Gavoille, Hanusse and Ilcinkas, who prove an upper bound of 2 on the stretch factor of Θ6, we obtain an upper bound of 17.7 on the stretch factor of Y6.


【Objective】 To study the role of leptin,interleukin-6 and high sensitivity C reactive protein in fatty liver disease and the association of them with obesity,metabolism of glucose,lipid.【Methods】 Eighty fatty liver disease subjects and forty healthy subjects as controls were recruited.The height and weight were measured,body mass index(BMI) was calculated.Fasting blood glucose,plasma lipid,leptin,interleukin-6 and high sensitivity C reactive protein were determined.【Results】 The concentration of leptin,interleukin-6 and high sensitivity C reactive protein in patients with fatty liver were significantly higher than those of the healthy.Leptin,high sensitivity C-reactive protein,interleukin-6 positive correlations among the three closely related factors and triglycerides;multiple stepwise regression analysis,serum triglycerides,total cholesterol and body mass index is the fatty liver of independent risk factors.【Conclusion】 Patients with fatty liver present leptin resistance,interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity c-reactive protein may be involved in the pathogenesis of fatty liver.


High power diode lasers are increasingly important in many industrial applications. However, an ongoing challenge is to simultaneously obtain high output power, diffraction-limited beam quality and narrow spectral width. One approach to fulfill these requirements is to use a "master oscillator - power amplifier (MOPA)" system. We present recent data on MOPAs using PA designs that have low confinement factor (1%), leading to low modal gain, and low optical loss (<0.5cm-1). Quantum barriers with low refractive index are used to reduce the optical waveguiding due to the active region, which should decrease susceptibility to filament formation. A truncated tapered lateral design was used. Conventional tapered designs have a ridge waveguide (RW) at the entrance of the devices with etched cavity- spoiling grooves at the transition to the tapered gain region. Our amplifier used a truncated tapered design with no RW entrance section. We show that for this approach cavity-spoiling grooves are not necessary, and achieve improved performance when they are omitted, which we attribute to the filament insensitivity of our structure. High beam quality was achieved from a 970nm amplifier with M2 (1/e2) = 1.9, with efficiency of <48% in QCW condition, and <17W diffraction-limited beam maintained in the central lobe. The impact of the in-plane geometrical design was assessed and we show that large surface area is advantageous for device performance. The spectral properties of the amplifier replicated that of the DBRtapered laser, which is used as the master oscillator, with a spectral width of <30pm (FWHM). Design options for further increases in power are presented.


Tourism Landscape Development Policy Program Melasti Beach Tourist Attraction, Ungasan Village, South Kuta District, Badung. Melasti Beach is located in Badung Regency, this natural tourist attraction is used for tourist activities and socio-religious activities. The tourism activity in Melasti Beach requires the landscape development must takes into account the supporting tourism aspects and the socio-religious aspects in it. The purpose of this research is to create a policy program for developing the Melasti Beach tourism landscape that is harmonious between the supporting tourism aspects and socio-religious aspects. The method used is a survey with data collection techniques through observation, interviews and literature study. The stages in this research consist of preparation, data inventory, data analysis, data synthesis and making tourism landscape development policy programs. Analysis and data synthesis were carried out quantitatively using level of assessment and descriptive levels to obtain a reference for making tourism landscape development policy programs that refer to the Tri Mandala concept. The planned policy program are planned in the form of space management programs, recommendations for problem solving and circulation during religious ceremonies and other tourist activities.


Kafka's life itself is a work of art; his works open another world for the Chinese writers. Among the Chinese contemporary writers, Kafka influences a number of writers who always explore and adventure profoundly and permanently. Can Xue is the best example. She not only reads Kafka, but also creates Kafka in her writings.


Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), is one of the third-generation high-beam current (3.5GeV) synchrotron light sources. In the storage ring of SSRF, multi-bunch instabilities would increase beam emittance and energy spread, which degrade beam quality and even cause beam loss. To address the above issues, a Transverse Feedback System is indispensable for SSRF, in which the key component is the bunch-by-bunch transverse feedback electronics. The whole feedback system consists of five main parts: BPM, RF front-end, signal processor, RF amplifier, and vertical/horizontal transverse kickers. The dissertation focuses on the signal processor we design, which is the main part of the feedback electronics. We conducted initial testing on the signal processor to evaluate its performance and function. The typical frequency spectrums analysis (with input frequency of around 100 MHz) of the ADC output signals indicates that the SINAD (Signal-to-Noise and Distortion Ratio) is 63.69 dB and the ENOB (Effective Number of Bit) is 10.3 bit. The test results of ENOB with different input frequency indicate that it is better than 9.5 bit in the input frequency range up to 300 MHz, which is good enough for the application. Besides, the test results of the hardware and the results of the MATLAB model concord well with each other, which means that we have achieved the functionality as expected.


Internet in the present scenario has become a gigantic source of information. There has been a tremendous rise in the variety of Internet applications, with each application demanding a specific performance criteria to be satisfied. Routers presently use Passive Queue Management (PQM) mechanisms and hence, merely have any control over the queue occupancy. Therefore, there has been an increased interest in exploring Active Queue Management (AQM) in Internet routers so as to reduce the queue latency and meet the demands of time sensitive applications. In this paper, we mainly focus on analyzing the effectiveness of a recently proposed AQM mechanism called Controlled Delay (CoDel). We study the effectiveness of CoDel by carrying out simulations in ns-2 and comparing its performance with existing AQM mechanisms in variety of Internet scenarios. Based on the simulation results obtained, we discuss the advantages and shortcomings of CoDel in terms of bottleneck link utilization, mean queue length and packet drop rate.


During a taxonomic survey in Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal, India, a new nematode species belonging to the genus Lagenonema Andrassy, 1987 was collected from the rhizosphere of banana roots. Lagenonema thornei n. sp. is characterized by having medium-sized body (female: 1.48-1.55 mm); abruptly narrowed, bottle-shaped cephalic region; amalgamated lips; tongue-shaped cardia; mono-opisthodelphic reproductive system with short pre-vulval uterine sac and long filiform tail. It closely resembles L. longicaudatum (Jairajpuri, Ahmad and Dhanachand, 1979) Andrassy, 1987 in V value, long filiform tail and tongue-shaped cardia. But differs in having longer body, odontostyle, odontophore and pre-vulval uterine sac; values of a, b, c and c' are also different.


Electrical resistance tomography(ERT)is a kind of new type section information measurement technology,which poccesses great ap- plication foregrounds in industrial processing measurement and monitoring.In order to achieve the ERT applying to fast change process,the parallel data acquisition scheme of ERT system is designed,the dynamic performance and real-time performance are analyzed.The unit with consume time is optimum designed.The data acquiring speed of ERT system is raised.


In this paper, we investigate the possibility of constructing isomonodromic deformations of logarithmic connections on curves by using ramified covers. We give new examples and prove a classification result.


A Major source of difficulty in interpreting the political thought of Dr Robert Brady, the high tory historian who imparted a new dimension to the political quarrels of late Stuart England, arises out of a limitation that he imposed upon himself in writing history. He deliberately included very little political reflection in his writings, observing that he would not 'inlarge further upon the great Use and Advantage Those that read Old Historians may make of these Discourses, but leave that to the Judgment of Understanding Readers'. This limitation may be offset, it is suggested here, by placing Brady securely within the intellectual framework created by the contemporary theories of legal sovereignty mat had originated during the English civil war and were fast becoming tradition by the late years of Charles II. When Brady made his researches public, almost all the elements were present that were required for fashioning a theory of legal sovereignty on the lines made famous in Blackstone. Englishmen were reading Sir Thomas Smith and Sir Edward Coke on the uncontrollable authority that resided in parliament for making, confirming, repealing, and expounding laws; and many of them were by this time accustomed to associating the legislative power, itself a new expression, with sovereignty in the state. They had also learned during the civil war years to recognize law-making as the characteristic function of their high court of parliament. All that remained for the whole to fall


Self-powered ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) have attracted numerous interests for high-performance and low power consumption, making wireless and independent operation possible. Herein, the solution processed tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoparticles (NPs) were employed to construct <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {\beta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3/WO3 planar heterojunction PD. The formation of type-II <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {\beta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3/WO3 heterointerface generated typical photovoltaic effect enabling self-powered work manner. Importantly, the fabricated <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {\beta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3/WO3 NPs PD demonstrated record low noise with dark current of 6.5 fA and prominent spectral selectivity with rejection ratio (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{265} / {R}_{400}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5.3\,\,\times10$ </tex-math></inline-formula>4, as well as excellent photodetection properties with photo-to-dark current ratio of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6.4\,\,\times10$ </tex-math></inline-formula>5, ON/OFF switching ratio of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.7\,\,\times10$ </tex-math></inline-formula>4, responsivity of 4.1 mA/W, detectivity of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$9.0\,\,\times10$ </tex-math></inline-formula>12 Jones and rise/decay time of 168/171 ms at 0 V. Besides, the narrower bandgap and UVB spectral response of WO3 NPs extended the detectable wavelength to 310 nm realizing broadband photodetection. The low-cost manufacture process and high self-powered performances pave the way of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\boldsymbol {\beta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-Ga2O3/WO3 NPs PD in next-generation nanodevices.


Introduction The Media Situation under Tudjman Victory for Democracy--A Dream Fulfilled of A False Hope? Theory of Free Press/Open Societies The Croatian Government's View of The Media The Press and Self-censorship Rise of the Press, Fall of the Secret Services Case Study: Forty Days Which Changed the Country The Transition and the First Elections The Media Role in the Croatian-Serbian War The Post-War Years Professionalism and Ethics of Croatian Journalists The Public View of Democracy and the Press Role of the International Community Technology: Catalyst for Change Appendix


Abstract : In this research program, the investigators have explored the role of fluctuations of a laser field on coherent interactions between the laser field and simple atomic systems. A key feature of these experiments is their ability to provide measurements of complex nonlinear optical interactions which are sufficient for direct, quantitative comparison with theory. The main thrust of the present work has been the study of non-Markovian field statistics, present in experiments that use multiple, time-delayed input beams to drive the nonlinear system. The specific interaction studied was Phase-Conjugate Four-Wave Mixing in an optically-pumped beam of atomic sodium, which the researchers measured as a function of laser bandwidth, Rabi frequency, and delay time between the pump and probe beams. The investigators have also calculated the expected signal strength through numerical integration of the Optical Bloch Equations. Experimental and numerical results are in very good agreement. The investigators also studied theoretically two-photon absorption with correlated, time-delayed input fields, and provided the first experimental confirmation of the fundamental theory of Phase-Conjugate Four-Wave Mixing with monochromatic fields in a simple atomic system.


Clock synchronization protocols for packet-oriented networks, like IEEE 1588, depend on time stamps drawn from a local clock at distinct points in time. Due to the fact that software-generated time stamps suffer from jitter caused by non-deterministic execution times, many implementations for high precision clock synchronization rely on hardware support. This allows time readings for packets with very low jitter close to the physical layer. Nevertheless, approaches using hardware support have to carefully consider influences on synchronization accuracy when it comes to the range of nanoseconds. Among others, limits come from the update interval, oscillator stability, or hardware clock frequency. This paper enlightens the limits for such implementations based on an analysis of the influences of the main factors for jitter. The conclusions give hints for efficiently optimizing current implementations.


Introduction: New Diffuse Large B-cell (DLBCL) treatments remain a clinical need despite the success of rituximab combined with CHOP chemotherapy (RCHOP), which results in durable responses in 60-70% of patients. Those refractory to or who relapse following first-line therapy (rrDLBCL) have a very poor outcome, with only 20% surviving beyond 5 years, although CAR-T cell therapy is making a significant impact. Genomic insights can inform mechanism and treatment studies within this population, specifically the precision application of CAR-T. Rushton et. al. recently analyzed a large rrDLBCL patient cohort, noting significant rises in specific genes during the transition to advanced disease (MS4A1, TP53, NFKBIE, FOXO1, and CREBBP), building on the innovations of pre-treatment classifications. Addressing the heterogeneous activation of oncogenic pathways remains a challenge. Inhibitors targeting genes responsible for epigenetic regulation of rrDLBCL represent an attractive option, namely the transcriptional regulator BRD4, with PROTAC inhibition resulting in downregulation of several key DLBCL oncogenes. Herein, we report the first genomic subclassifications of rrDLBCL, the enrichment of TP53 alterations in the EZB-like subclassification, and data supporting the application of BRD4-targeting PROTAC therapies.
 Methods: Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) was applied to a publicly available cohort of 127 RCHOP-treated rrDLBCL patients with matching sequencing data. Marker selection was applied to the 2 emergent groups to detect differential presence of DNA alterations. A Pearson similarity matrix was applied to the rrDLBCL cohort and 3 pretreatment cohorts to detect patterns of DNA alteration association and exclusion. Next, CRISPR-KO gene scores were integrated against gene expression fold change values before and after BRD4 PROTAC treatment. Lasty, 4 DLBCL cell lines were assayed against the BRD4 PROTAC ARV-825, Venetoclax, and inhibitors of epigenetic regulation.
 Results: NMF produced 2 clusters based on DNA alterations from the rrDLBCL cohort: RR1 and RR2. Significantly associated genes (FDR ≤ 0.05) included MYD88, PIM1, IGLL5, HIST1HC, SOCS1, HIST1H1E, and CD79B in RR1 , and CREBBP, EZH2, STAT6, BCL2, TP53, TNFRSF14, CARD11, and double hit translocations in RR2. Notably, TP53 alterations significantly enriched in the EZB subclassification during rrDLBCL transition in comparison to pre-treatment distribution (P = 0.0016). Significant associations between TP53 and EZB genes were observed alongside significant exclusion from MCD and BN2-associated genes. Integrating significant gene expression changes following BRD4-PROTAC treatment and CRISPR-KO scores revealed the loss of several key oncogenes in cell lines, including BCL2, BCL6, CD79B, POU2F2, and MDM4. Markedly, reductions in 9 established GCB and 4 ABC gene signatures were observed alongside the reduction of the Reactome signature of TP53 Regulators of Expression and Degradation (FDR = 0.0377). In vitro inhibition assays measuring ARV-825 (BRD4 PROTAC) response revealed significantly lower rates of cell viability compared to Venetoclax across 4 cell lines.
 Conclusions: Our results indicate that distinct genomic groups exist within rrDLBCL, that TP53 alterations strongly associate with the EZB-enriched group, and that if TP53 alterations continue to predict poor CAR-T response, these tumors may be susceptible to BRD4 inhibition. Our observations indicate a significant climb in TP53 association with EZB tumors and their matched alterations after rrDLBCL transition in comparison to the pre-treatment landscape. Enrichment may indicate that EZB-like tumors lack some of the tools necessary to make the transition to advanced disease but provide an ideal environment for the acquisition of TP53 alterations. In contrast, the disassociation between TP53 alterations and MCD/BN2-like alterations may indicate that these tumors have more inherent capability to reject therapy. The emergence of BRD4-targeting PROTACs provides an additional clinical tool, one perhaps more suitable than Venetoclax against specific rrDLBCL cases. In closing, This study provides insights towards the rrDLBCL landscape and reinforces the necessity of evaluating tissue biopsies for TP53 alterations throughout treatment to guide precision application of therapy, noting susceptible pathways of these particular tumors.
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The exploration and development of Fengcheng oil sand mine,the largest oil sand mine in China,is very important to development of oil sands industry in China.The main controlling factors of distribution of oil sands are analyzed by the methods of the core observation,porosity and permeability,oil content,thin section analysis,component analysis and so on.This paper summarizes the sedimentary characteristics of Fengcheng and clarifies that the distribution of sands are controlled by sedimentary facies.The fault and unconformity surface is the main hydrocarbon migration pathway.The oil sands which is biodegraded is formed near the surface.Lastly,the paper summarizes the main controlling factors(distribution of sands,fault and unconformity surface) and the metallogenic model of oil sands which provide the basis for the exploration and development of Northwest margin of Zhunggar Basin.


Abstract Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of materials that are increasingly used for the detection and separation of gases. This article presents the influence of gamma radiation on the dielectric properties of a LDPE/ZIF-8 composite that can be used for the production of gas sensors and massive gas absorbers. A low-density polyethylene (LDPE)–microsized zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) composite, obtained by melt mixing (95/5 weight ratio), was gamma-irradiated at room temperature to different absorbed doses up to 300 kGy. Infrared spectroscopy and optical microscopy confirmed the degradation of the ZIF-8 due to the gamma irradiation. The AC conductivity (admittance) of the samples was studied in the frequency range of 24 Hz − 120 kHz and a temperature range 200–350 K. The composite showed larger admittance components relative to the admittance components of pure LDPE; the conductance of the samples increased almost linearly with increasing irradiation dose. On the other hand, the change in dielectric permittivity of the LDPE and the composite due to irradiation was weak and showed nonlinear behavior with increasing radiation dose.


Spirituality in social work practice may be disputed by those who are pragmatic, who may ask about its usefulness in helping clients attain basic human needs such as food and shelter. Clients' use of spirituality as a weapon in their coping arsenal is precisely why spirituality must be acknowledged. Strengthening clients' abilities to develop viable strategies to both meet basic needs and maintain mental health is a social work goal. Psychologist Carl Gustav Jung (1933, 1958, 1959) postulated that a universal concept of spirituality exists that, when explored, can enable a person to see beyond differences in religious beliefs and philosophical viewpoints. More than any other theorist, Jung integrated spirituality into clinical practice. His perspective can enhance social workers' sensitivity to the spiritual dimension of their clients, which may help the clients face their problems and difficulties. In the tradition of social work practice, diligent effort has been made to provide a solid foundation of knowledge and skills to practitioners who intervene in human problems. Social workers aid people who are suffering because of myriad issues. Spirituality has found a place in the areas of death and dying and catastrophic illness or life events, but it has not been fully examined for its application in life and living. Spirituality is an important feature of social work practice and ethics and should be considered an area for educational and clinical training. Importance of Spirituality in Clinical Practice What occurs between the client and the social worker involves not only the traditional intervention methods, and skills the social worker applies, but also a two-way exchange of ideas, feelings, beliefs, and values that may or may not be directly addressed or acknowledged. Research has suggested that "patient values appear to be the second most powerful predictor of clinical bias; only patient social class is stronger" (Abramowitz & Dokecki, 1977, p. 465). Many value judgments are made in the treatment process, and social workers must continually be aware that nothing is value free. Objectifying approaches and interventions may be useful, but in doing so social workers must be careful not to deny or compartmentalize phenomena experienced in day-to-day practice. Whether professionals are "believers" in the spiritual dimension is important. "Nonbelievers" may not be fully able to accept clients who consider spirituality and religion to be meaningful and useful within the context of their life experiences (Shafranske & Maloney, 1990). A spiritual bias can be just as harmful as racism or sexism. Goldstein (1987) convincingly argued that "students and seasoned professionals alike are bearers of significant moral, value and spiritual beliefs that are bound to find expression in work with individuals, families, and communities". Exploring the Spiritual Perspective Siporin (1985), in a discussion of clinical practice theory, observed the following: An examination of our perspectives requires that we sharpen our minds and eyes so as to see things clearly and fully. We will not, however, look under a nearby bright light for the treasures that we lost elsewhere, but rather we will search where it is dark, or where we can expect the sunlight to come up. There we may discover lost or new treasures or rediscover old gems in a new light. We seek just and beautiful truths for and in social work practice--fair to the evidence, clear, cleanly stated, revelatory, and illuminating. We want such truths so that they may propel us into new pathways of a more effective practice. To understand the spiritual perspective, we must be willing to reverse our usual way of thinking and looking, which is linear and externally focused. We must look beyond what is easily counted and accounted for and examine what does not fit into our categories and conceptions of the world. There can be no preconceived notions about what may be helpful. …


Euryhaline rotifers Brachionus plicatilis and B. rotundiformis are indispensable live food organisms for mass culture of marine fish larvae. However, these rotifers contain small amount of taurine which is one kind of free amino acids. This experiment is conducted that S type rotifer B. rotundiformis can be enriched taurine by the direct method that dissolved taurine in the rotifer medium. As a result, it was clarified that taurine was accumulated in the rotifer by the direct method. Moreover, it was observed that the taurine concentration of the rotifer medium and the taurine content in the rotifer showed a straight-line proportion. In addition, the content of taurine in rotifer would almost become constant amount after 16 hours, and the enriched taurine levels were kept about 75% of initial amount after eight hours from final enrichment. Therefore, it was proved that direct method is the most practical method to enrich taurine in rotifer.


A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled multicentre study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and efficacy of coated, oral 5‐aminosalicylic acid (Mesasal/Claversal; 5‐ASA) in maintaining remission of inactive Crohn's disease for up to 12 months. A total of 248 patients were entered from eight countries, of which 206 adhered to the protocol and were included in the analysis. The patients had Crohn's disease for an average of 5 years, with their disease clinically inactive for at least 1 month prior to entry into the study, and for an average of over 12 months previously. Thirty per cent of patients had had a previous resection, 16% of patients had been treated with sulphasalazine, while none of those analysed received glucocorticosteroids. Treatment consisted of 500 mg 5‐ASA t.d.s. or placebo. 'Relapse'was defined as the first occurrence of Best's Crohn's Disease Activity Index > 150, which had increased 60 points from the pre‐trial index. The cumulative life‐table relapse estimate was lower in 5‐ASA patients compared to placebo (22.4% us 36.2%, respectively, Log rank test P = 0.0395). The 12‐month relapse estimate in the 5‐ASA group was also lower in patients with ileal disease (8.3% for 5‐ASA and 31.0% for placebo, P = 0.0535) and in patients with previous bowel resections (14.2% us 47.0%, P = 0.0436). The incidence of side‐effects was similar in both treatment groups. It is concluded that 5‐ASA was significantly superior to placebo in preventing relapse of Crohn's disease; this effect was most apparent in patients with disease restricted to the ileum and in patients with previous bowel resection. 5‐ASA was well‐tolerated, as demonstrated by a low incidence of adverse events.


Objective To study the biological indices and their significance of e xternal dryness injuring the lung.Methods Totally 99 SPF Kunming mice were randomized into normal temperature and humidity group,warm-dryness group,and cool- dryness group with 33 in each.The models were made under the simulated condition of "temperature-relative humidity-wind" based on literature.On the 6th,12th,and 18th day after treatment,the pathological cnanges of the trachea,lung,and the ultrastructure of type Ⅱ alveolar cell (ATⅡ) were observed,and the levels of respiratory mucopolysaccharide (RM) and dipalmitoyl phosph atidyl choline (DPPC) were detected.Results Compared w ith the normal temperat ure and humidity group,squamous metaplasia and ciliated defect of tracheal epit helia,tracheal mucous metaplasia accompanied with infiltration of infla mmatory cells,pulmonary alveolar congestion,and pulmonary emphysema were showe d on the 6th and18th day in the warm-dryness group and cool-dryness group.The e lectrion microscopy observation showed that in the warm-dryness group and coo l-dryness group there was reduction of ATⅡ microvilli.The reduction of RM in both groups was significant on the 12th day (P0.05),and the content of DPPC was continuously decreased from the 6th day to the 18th day (P0.05 or P0.01).Conclusion The tr acheal pathological changes and ultrastructural abnormality of pulmonary respira tory mucosa AT II caused by external dryness can be taken as the basic histopath ological indices of external dryness injuring the lung,and the detection of RM and DPPC can be taken as its functional biological indices.