Influenza is an acute self-limited respiratory illness caused by influenza virus with
global distribution. Affect between 5 and 20% of people in the world. Since 2003, Argentina
have the free influenza vaccination for over 64 years and since 2,010 for children between 6
and 23 months, pregnant, health workers and people with higher risk for complication. In
order to understand the impact of vaccination on mortality from severe acute respiratory
infection attributable to influenza (IRAG) in Argentina between 2,002 and 2,012, we
conducted a study of time series (ST). Mortality data were obtained from the Ministry of
Health, considering IRAG to the ICD-10 codes between J09 to J18.9 and J22x, from 2,002 to
2,012. The population was estimated monthly by linear regression using data from censuses
2,001 and 2,010, and stratified by province, region, month, year and cause of death. It was
calculated percentages, 95% confidence intervals (IC95%), standardized mortality ratio in the
general population and people over 64 year. Generalized additive models (GAM) were used
to estimate changes in mortality in children. Maps, charts and graphs of ST were performed
with R 2.8.1 software and QGis ®
Results: Between 2,002-2,012, deaths with IRAG 188,034 people. Mortality rates
were higher in the elderly than the other groups. In the decomposition of ST the general
population and elderly, seasonality was the most important component. An increase in the
mortality rate of 2.007 was observed. The statistical model evaluated the risk of death in each
year compared with the risk in 2,002. An RR of 0.46 was observed in 2,012 (95% CI 0.28 to
0.75). In the ST predicted model the arithmetic mean of the number of child deaths 2002-2009
periods was 11.77 and fell to 7.67 in 2,010-2,012. Between March and April the risk of death
was 0.5 (95% CI: 0.3-0.6) whereas between May, June and July reached nearly twice (95% CI
1.7 to 2.8).
Conclusion: higher mortality rates occurred in people over 64 years, especially in the
Pampana´s region. ST mortality rate shows definite seasonality. GAM model showed a
significant decrease in mortality in children IRAG in the year 2012.


Abstract Background Entero-urinary fistulas (EUF) are observed in only 2–8% of Crohn's disease (CD) patients. Aim To compare the outcome of patients with EUF, after surgical treatment, with those with non-penetrating and non-stenosing, penetrating, and stenosing phenotypes (B1, B2, and B3 phenotypes). Methods Case-control study of 21 CD patients with EUF submitted to surgical treatment. Each patient with EUF was compared with six patients, two of each group: B1, B2, and B3 phenotypes. They were randomly selected from inflammatory bowel disease database and had the same extent of disease, smoking status, perianal disease, and age at diagnosis. Results One hundred and forty-seven patients were included (n = 21 EUF; n = 42 of each group B1, B2, and B3). Comparing B3 group with EUF, the former was more steroid-dependent and resistant (54.8% versus 19.0%, p = 0.037) and needed anti-TNF therapy more frequently (59.5% versus 23.8%, p = 0.004). Moreover, B3 patients had a poorer response to anti-TNF therapy without remission free of steroid therapy in comparison with EUF patients (45.2% versus 95.2%, p < 0.001). EUF patients did not differ from B2 group regarding anti-TNF therapy (p = 0.956) and steroid-dependence or resistance (p = 0.141). Surgery rate after index surgery was inferior in EUF in comparison with B2 and B3 groups. Hospital admission rate of patients with EUF was also lower than the B3 group. Conclusion Early surgery seems to be a good choice for patients with EUF as their response to surgery appears not to differ from B2 patients and had a better prognosis than phenotype B3 patients.


Control of chaotic systems has led to many fruitful results, such as the famous OGY and feedback control. Of course, controlling chaos is not limited to the approaches above and is not specifically reviewed one by one here. The representation of chaotic systems using fuzzy models has a unified approach. The fuzzy logic controllers had been proposed for a long time and were successfully applied to control the chaos in many systems. The main purpose of this study is to presents the new fuzzy model for the photogravitational magnetic-binary problem (PMBP) where the bigger primary is a source of radiation and the smaller primary is an oblate body; and they are encompassed by a homogeneous circular cluster of material points centred at the mass centre of the system (belt). It was shown that using a new fuzzy controller, it is possible to control of chaotic behaviour of the photogravitational magnetic-binary problem (PMBP). The simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed method can satisfy the control object and enhanced stability.


Many studies have been conducted about readiness for e-learning, yet it is quite hard to decide which work of research from the literature to use in a specific context. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify of which components models consist and for which stakeholders they were developed by investigating the most comprehensive and prevalent models in the related literature. Thus, the methods for both implementers and researchers were shown. A literature review was employed as the method of the present study. Thirty models or measurement tools were explored in the scope of the study. The findings of the study show that competency in technology usage, access to technology, content, culture, human resources, finance, management and leadership, self-directed learning, motivation, and time management components of models pertaining to readiness for e-learning became prominent. Further findings and implications are discussed in the main text of the study. in the of a pyramid and of components. The components of the pyramid are awareness, culture, technology, pedagogy, and More important components are more toward the bottom of the pyramid.


We enquire under which conditions, given two $\sigma$-finite, $\omega$-continuous valuations $\nu$ and $\mu$, $\nu$ has density with respect to $\mu$. The answer is that $\nu$ has to be absolutely continuous with respect to $\mu$, plus a certain Hahn decomposition property, which happens to be always true for measures.


' Deparlmenl qf Herpelology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, U.S.A., ^Museum of Natural Sciences and Department of Biology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, U.S.A., ^Department of ^oology and Museum of Vertebrate ^oology. University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A., 'Museum of ^oology and Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, U.S.A. and ^Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78713, U.S.A.


ASME student sections have a strong tradition of serving the needs of undergraduate students at universities across the country and around the globe. Similar to senior sections, student sections can learn from one another by sharing best practices. This paper describes best practices in four areas of student section programming: 1) membership, 2) STEM outreach, 3) section leadership development, and 4) inclusion of graduate students. Through these and other best practices, student sections can remain effective in their role as a partner in workforce development.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


M ulti-physical scale modeling for simulating the electrophysiological dynamics of the heart is rapidly evolving and has made significant progress in the last decade. In this paper,w e briefly review the current development of cardiac modeling field w ith a particular focus on the modeling of short QT( SQT) syndrome arising from gene mutations in cardiac potassium channels. Firstly,w e introduce Denis Noble's definition on multi-physical scale modeling of cardiac systems at sub-cellular,cellular,tissue and w hole organ levels. Secondly,w e describe quantities that have been used to characterize the functional impacts of SQT gene mutations on the electrical activity of cardiac systems at cellular,tissue and w hole organ levels. Then w e review up-to-date research results on quantifying the functional impacts of three SQT gene mutations associated w ith potassium channels on the genesis of cardiac arrhythmia that underlie cardiac sudden death. Finally w e outline possible research and application prospects of the electrophysiological modeling and simulation of SQT syndrome in the future.


This article introduces the developing condition ,the problem and the countermove of changing agriculture into stock raising at durbote Mongolian nationality autonomous county in Heilongjiang province. 


An epoxy resin containing diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, dicyandiamide, and an accelerator (diurone) was investigated under different cure cycles. The mathematical prediction of the degree of cure in a thermoset as a function of time and temperature was investigated and compared to measured data. Near-infrared analysis was used to measure the conversion of epoxy and primary amine and the production of hydroxyl. Modulated differential scanning calorimetry was used to measure the changes in the heat capacity during cure. The measurements revealed differences in the primary amine conversion and hydroxyl production, and close relations to the measurements of heat capacity were found. The measurements of the degree of cure revealed that cure cycles initiated at 80°C produced a lower degree of cure than cure cycles initiated at 90°C, although all cure cycles were postcured at 110°C. These findings were to some degree supported by measurements of the primary amine conversion and hydroxyl production. The characteristics found were attributed to differences in the cure mechanisms. The mathematical model did not incorporate these differences, and this may have led to discrepancies between the predicted and actual values of the degree of cure. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008


Digital signal processor (DSP) algorithms are sets of rules that specifies the order and form of arithmetic operations that are used on specified sets of data. The implementation of these DSP algorithms is often very different from one application system to another because systems have, for example, different memory management policies and I/O handling mechanisms. This paper targets these algorithms and assists the reader with making the algorithms compliant with the TMS320 DSP algorithm standard which is part of TI's eXpressDSPTM technology initiative. Finally, the authors briefly introduced DSP architecture optimization for DSP algorithms.


Accurate plant identification and screening of the elements in medicinal plants have become increasingly important. Some elements can become toxic when existing at high concentrations. The present study presents a molecular identification method to discriminate plant species and assess the mineral nutrients in four selected medicinal plants widely used in traditional healing practices in Malaysia. Medicinal plants were sampled from a secondary forest in Northern Peninsular of Malaysia. Species discrimination was conducted using phylogenetic inference and BLAST method on two target genes, trnH-psbA and ITS2 while the concentration levels of the mineral in terms of macro and micro nutrients (Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu ) were determined using ICP-OES spectroscopy in the leaf samples. The present study revealed that the DNA identification method has successfully discriminated all samples to species level and that the trnH-psbA is the best marker for identification. The concentration levels of mineral nutrients ranged from 0.01 to 5.76 mg/kg. within the safety range as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results of the present study provide important data on the DNA barcoding of medicinal plants and assessment of mineral nutrients, which can be useful for providing scientific information on dietary supplements based on authentic medicinal plants and products.


Vehicular wireless channels are highly time-varying and the pilot pattern in the 802.11p orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing frame has been shown to be ill suited for long data packets. The high frame error rate in off-the-shelf chipsets with noniterative receiver configurations is mostly due to the use of outdated channel estimates for equalization. This paper deals with improving the channel estimation in 802.11p systems using a cross layered approach, where known data bits are inserted in the higher layers and a modified receiver makes use of these bits as training data for improved channel estimation. We also describe a noniterative receiver configuration for utilizing the additional training bits and show through simulations that frame error rates close to the case with perfect channel knowledge can be achieved.


It is helpfully second-hand for certification of aged films and end deduction in digital photographs. Run stance fretful produces pompous mandate image from sequence of Derive work images. The unladylike have designs on of shove around Personate is to in front of clear freshen of accessible low hoax image. Including current Low Resolution (LR) imaging fundament be utilized with help of Supervise resolution reconstruction. Super resolution based in painting consists in theatrics roguish the in painting on a unrefined version of the input image. A hierarchical super-resolution algorithm is eruption second-hand to get better evidence on the missing areas. The take note of this headway is turn it is easier to in paint low-resolution pictures than high resolution ones. The cut is both in structuring of computational complication and unmistakable quality.


Synchronizing multimedia data such as audio and video with the 3D depth skeletal data of a patient performing therapy at home is a challenging task. This is because the media characteristics of video, audio, and skeletal stream data are different. To keep the rich session information and therapeutic semantics, the multiple media streams need to be synchronized temporally in two tiers. At the end of the first-tier synchronization, all the media are synchronized with respect to a global timestamp, which represents a user's in-home therapy session. Once synchronized at the stream level, the media streams have to be further synchronized with respect to a model therapy skeletal stream to make semantic annotation or marker on top of the media streams. This two-tier synchronized multimedia streams represent a patient's in-home therapy session that can be saved to a big data repository for further analysis. The big data repository uses map reduce functions to extract key quality of improvement metrics from the user session such as "a patient could successfully follow the therapist instruction", "how much of user session is done correctly", and "how many gestures were done wrongly" etc. We design a therapy recorder that can perform the two-tier synchronization process and create the synchronized multimedia therapy session file. We also propose a therapy player that can unpack the complex session file and separate the media files while keeping the synchronization among the media. A therapist can use the player to observe the user session, browse the synchronized media, both spatially and temporally, and add his/her comments in the form of audio notes, video notes or text notes on any particular temporal position. A patient can observe the annotations made by the therapist using the playback mode of the player, and visualize multimedia annotated notes to improve future sessions. The query interface is packed with the features to see the statistics or graph plots of any individual session of a patient or a summary of historical session data of a patient or can observe complex relative statistics among a patient group.


This paper provides an updated estimate for 2010 for the net fiscal transfer to the recent immigrants who came to Canada between 1985 and 2009. At $5,329 per capita per year, it is significantly lower than the over $6,000 per capita of our earlier estimates. This reflects the Conservative Federal Government's ambitious efforts to reform immigration policy since taking office in 2006 to better select immigrants who are more prepared to succeed in Canada's labour market and to refocus immigration policy more on economic class immigrants. This included the elimination of a backlog of around a million immigrants selected under an old dysfunctional system who were judged to be likely to encounter labour-market difficulties and the introduction of the Canada Experience Class. Nevertheless, it should be of concern that in spite of the improvement in the net fiscal cost of recent immigration the overall fiscal cost of fiscal transfers to recent immigrants has continued to grow to $20 to 28 billion as of 2010, up from our earlier estimate of $16 to 24 billion in 2005. The fiscal cost of immigration will probably continue to grow in the future as high levels of immigrants are admitted unless the new Express Entry Program for economic class immigrants is more successful at eliminating the income gap between new immigrants and other Canadians than the measures introduced so far and the mix of immigrants is shifted towards more economic class. At an estimated per-capita net fiscal cost of $5,329, the fiscal cost of immigration can be estimated to have risen to the $27 to $35 billion range in 2014. And the 260,000 to 285,000 planned immigrant admissions recently announced by the Immigration Minister for 2015 should add another $1.4 billion to $1.5 billion to the cost with a similar increment coming every year thereafter as long as the high targeted level of immigration is maintained and achieved.


According to the SCI-90-based results,among students in institutions of higher vocational education,factors such as force,melancholy,anxiety,hostility,hold,and spiritualness show prominent differentiation compared with the national normal ones,and even above the national average level,Owing to the influence of society,family and the students themselves,quite a number of students in institutions of higher vocational education are,in varying degrees,afflicted with psychological obstacles.Measures should be taken to carry out large scale psychological health education,set up evalution-controlling mechanism,conduct psychological consulting,etc.thus ,serving to optimize students'psychological quality and improve their psychological health level.


Late Cenozoic marine proxy data record a long-term transition in the tropical Pacific from El Nino-like conditions with reduced zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient, deepened thermocline, and reduced upwelling in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) to conditions similar to modern. This transition coincides with kilometer-scale uplift of the central Andes. To understand whether the rise of the Andes contributed to tropical Pacific climate evolution, we performed experiments with the National Center for Atmospheric Research's Community Climate System Model version 4 to quantify changes in tropical Pacific climate and El Nino–Southern Oscillation as a function of Andean elevations. Our results demonstrate that uplift increases the equatorial east-west SST gradient and Walker circulation. The rise of the Andes from 1 to 3 km increases the SST gradient by 0.8°C and Walker circulation by 60% due to strengthened radiative cooling by enhanced low-cloud formation in the EEP. This cooling effect is largest in the southeastern tropical Pacific and accounts for about one half of the reconstructed SST cooling along the Peru coast. The uplift also strengthens upwelling north of the EEP, consistent with documented increases in biological productivity in this region, and decreases the frequency of El Nino–Southern Oscillation and the number of strong El Nino events. Simulated responses to Andean uplift are generally consistent with the late Cenozoic proxy records, but too small in magnitude. Taken together, our results indicate that Andean uplift was likely one of the multiple factors that contributed to the long-term evolution of both the mean climate state and the interannual variability in the tropical Pacific.


This paper covers a body of data in a relatively neglected area of research, namely, the social life found in a high-status public organization. Using a variety of methods (participant observation, interviews, having the employees of the organization systematically gather data on the clientele), it was found that the cocktail lounge was frequented by regular patrons who engaged in organized activities around which stable expectations for "proper" behavior had developed. The major function of the cocktail lounge was the facilitation of casual sexual affairs between high-status married men and young, unattached women. The organization of the cocktail lounge is described, and the relationship between activities in the lounge and outside social ties is discussed.


This paper examines the role of public finance, taxation and insurance in dealing with natural disasters and exceptional occurrences that may produce long-term consequences on public policies. Paying specific attention to the so-called Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, the paper analyzes these countries' strategies in the management of natural disasters through comparative analysis and offers a critical review of the existing legal frameworks.


This paper is concerned with the adaptive execution of workflows on resources consisting of a pool of machines and a pool of alternative web services. The hierarchical nature of workflows enables adaptation at multiple levels. In this work, adaptivity is concerned with changing the mapping of services to machines and workflow invocations to services, in order to meet the requirements of both user and provider. Specifically, a third-party workflow engine (ActiveBPEL) has been wrapped to supportmapping at these two levels. Results of experiments using the prototype within a cluster environment are presented which demon- strate a benefit from adapting in response to changes of user load and to changes in the pool of alternative services available during a workload. The experiments include a range of adaptivity scenarios and show that, by selection of an appropriate policy, a significant gain can be made.


An experiment was conducted to study the effect of heavy metals (Cd, Cr and Pb), soil texture (sandy, loam and clay) and incubation periods (7, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days) on soil respiration (CO 2 evolution) during sugarcane trash decomposition in laboratory conditions of the Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, India. Surface soils (0–15 cm) were collected from agricultural fields and crop residue of sugarcane trash (Saccharum officinarum L.) was taken in the institute farm. Crop residue (10 t/ha) and heavy metals (10, 50, 100, 1000 µg/g) were mixed and incubated at 30°C ± 2°C in an incubator. The rate of soil respiration (CO 2 evolution) decreased with increasing heavy metals concentration. During the 120 days, the toxicity decreased but still remained significant. Maximum soil respiration was recorded at 7 days of incubation period; further, it decreased with increasing incubation period. The highest drop of soil respiration rate was caused by addition of 1000 µg /g Cd, Cr and Pb levels. Clay soils evolved maximum CO 2 followed by loam and sandy soil.


Chitosan finds its application in water treatment plants as a part in the filtration process. It helps in the removal of hardness by the removal of sediments during salt filtration by adsorption of phosphorus, heavy minerals and oils from the water in combination with bentonite, gelatin, silica gel, isinglass or other refining agents. Chitosan also helps in clearing the turbidity in water and also used as a precipitant for casein used for manufacturing cheese from milk [1].


Acceptance of children with special needs is very important in terms of achieving a successful inclusion. Children's acceptance should be assessed in order to see their needs and develop effective interventions in the inclusive settings. A total of 161 children between 4 and 7 years old were participated in the study. The children's acceptance levels were examined using the "Acceptance Scale for KindergartnersRevised" (ASK-R). The results revealed that the children in Turkey had low acceptance levels. It was found that the gender, age, and income level were effective on the children's acceptance levels whereas the parents' education level and having a classmate with special needs did not significantly affect the acceptance.


Technology blended in teaching and learning language has become more and more popular since the late 20 th century all over the world. In Vietnam, a series of blended English courses named Integration has been introduced and implemented in numerous middle schools in Northern provinces and cities for three academic years. The program aims to comprehensively develop students' English skills to meet the requirement for Vietnamese middle school students in English proficiency of the National Project on Teaching and Learning Foreign Languages. In particular, the program addresses to enhance learner autonomy as well as extend their practicing time with abundant learning resources relevant to textbooks. Furthermore, it intends for reducing teacher's workload while strengthening classroom management procedures with more accurate report figures. This paper describes the objectives, features and implementation of blended Integration courses then analyzes and evaluates the effectiveness of the program based on Harris and Hofer's framework of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). Keywords: Integration, blended learning, TPACK


The purpose of the study is to determine the ratio of dodol and ice cream
on the characteristics of dodol juice. Methods This study consisted of primary
research is to determine the ratio of dodol and ice cream on the characteristics of
dodol juice.
The design of the statistics used in the study is the 1x7 factorial
experimental design with three replications in order to obtain 21 units of
experiments conducted in a randomized block design (RAK), followed by Duncan
test. Factor of primary research is a comparison dodol and ice cream sample
code 1 (1: 8), code sample 2 (1: 9), the sample code 3 (1: 11), the sample code 4
(1: 14), the sample code 5 ( 1: 18), the sample code 6 (1: 26), code samples 7 (1:
44). Parameter observations conducted on the chemical analysis is test
carbohydrate, protein test, test and test vitamin C. fat organoleptic analysis
covering the color, taste and viscosity.
The results showed that based on chemical analysis, showed the highest
carbohydrate content in the sample 5 (27.850), the highest content in the samples
7 (0.0059). The treatment is selected from the main study treatment with 5 sample
code by comparison dodol and ice cream 1: 18. The results of the chemical
analysis of the selected sample has a protein content of 0.0063% and the vitamin
C content of 77,49mg / 100gram. Based on organoleptic test code A selected
sample has a value of (4.543) (4.190) and (4.247) on the attributes of color,
flavor, and viscosity


In recent years the interest in using mathematical models for describing technological processes has been growing in different branches of economy. Often, these models involve partial differential equations, where technical restrictions are expressed as inequality constraints. This work deals with constrained optimal control problems governed by partial differential equations. Solutions of such problems are usually approximated by sophisticated numerical methods, which require a discretization of the problem. In order to solve the discrete optimal control problem accurately, solutions should be validated by error estimates. Thus, efficient error estimates are crucial issues, since the reliability of numerical results can be expressed by corresponding convergence rates. Although theoretical and numerical foundations for control constrained problems are well studied, dealing with pure state constraints delivers certain difficulties on the analytical and computational sides. The work is addressed to mathematicians and engineers, working with constrained optimal control problems, in order to validate their numerical results and to find reasonable discretization.


In work the current state of a fuel and energy complex of Russia and Kazakhstan is considered and important things in common for the purpose of maintenance of long-term power safety are revealed.


Two traditional methods of managing equity portfolios are investing based on price momentum and value-based contrarian investing. These strategies may be motivated by a behavioral theory of underand overreaction to news or by empirical research, mostlyfor the NYSE, that hasfound persistence in price movements over short horizons and reversion to the mean over longer horizons. However, the apparent success of these strategies may be due to institutionalfactors and the mismeasurement of risk, or it may result from data mining. For these reasons, we studied all major German companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchangefor the three decades betzveen 1961 and 1991. The dynamics of stock prices in Frankfurt are remarkably similar to New York. The data suggest that equity prices reflect investorforecasts of company profits that are predictably wrong.


Fiber reinforced polymer bars have been introduced in civil engineering in term of noncorrosive,high Strength-to-weight ratio,nonmagnetic.Firstly,the experi ment on the compressive properties of GFRP bars and CFRP bars wasperformed using the FRP bars developed test the compressive strength and the compressive modulus of elasticity.Second-ly,the compressive experi ment on concrete stub square column reinforced with GFRP bars,CFRP bars,two kinds ofFRP bars and steel bars were performed.The ulti mate load carrying capacity,load-deflection relationship,modes of fail-ure and strain distribution was recorded respectively during the test.And the test results are compared.The results showthat without the restrictied condition,GFRP bars have the superior compressive properties to CFRP bars.Under the re-strictied condition,the ulti mate load carrying capacity of CFRP bars reinforced concrete stub square column are superiorto concrete stub square column reinforced with GFRP bars.The ulti mate load carrying capacity of FRP bars reinforcedconcrete stub square column are higher than the steel reinforced concrete stub square column.However,the cooperationof FRP bars with concrete are inferior to the cooperation of steel bars with concrete.


Researchers designing multisite and cluster randomized trials of educational interventions will usually conduct a power analysis in the planning stage of the study. To conduct the power analysis, researchers often use estimates of intracluster correlation coefficients and effect sizes derived from an analysis of survey data. When there is heterogeneity in treatment effects across the clusters in the study, these parameters will need to be adjusted to produce an accurate power analysis for a hierarchical trial design. The relevant adjustment factors are derived and presented in the current article. The adjustment factors depend upon the covariance between treatment effects and cluster-specific average values of the outcome variable, illustrating the need for better information about this parameter. The results in the article also facilitate understanding of the relative power of multisite and cluster randomized studies conducted on the same population by showing how the parameters necessary to compute power in the two types of designs are related. This is accomplished by relating parameters defined by linear mixed model specifications to parameters defined in terms of potential outcomes.


Wireless nanosensor networks (WNSNs) represent a class of emerging and important network model for perceiving information in the nanoscale. The extremely limited energy storage in nanosensors necessitates the design of energy-efficient protocols (e.g., data collection schemes) for such networks. This paper considers the design of energy-efficient data collection scheme in a WNSN operating in the human body, i.e., Body Area Nanonetwork (BANN). More specifically, this scheme involves a hierarchical (i.e., nanointerface-nanorouter-nanonode) collection structure with nanointerface receiving external requests and returning the requested data, nanorouter collecting data from nanonodes and nanonodes gathering data from human body. In the data collection process, each nanorouter first activates the nanonodes in a rectangle region centered at itself with length l and width W (i.e., wake-up region) and obtains the available energy level of each nanonode in this region. Each nanorouter then selects the nanonode with the largest available energy in the wake-up region to return the requested data. Finally, simulation results are provided to illustrate the performances of our scheme in terms of average available energy and path loss. These results show that better performances can be achieved when a smaller wake-up region is specified.


Purpose – This paper aims to describe NHS Wales' strategic intent to increase leadership capability through mentoring. The pressure on budgets and geography forced the adoption of a technology solution to reduce time away from the workplace and travel costs.Design/methodology/approach – The design was based on the following: reflective questioning; Kolb learning design and double loop learning; mentoring competences to facilitate self‐assessment and personal development; blended use of face‐to‐face and technology devices; measurable impact on job; responsiveness to generational needs and social networking.Findings – The evaluation studies by Strathclyde University Business School indicated the following key findings: more e‐mentoring should be available at all levels; gave opportunity for reflection despite pressures of work/life; increased skill sets; supported behavioural change and confidence; reduced time away from work and minimised travel; facilitated fluency with technology.Practical implications –...


We investigate relationships between individuals' human and financial capital and their likelihood of perceiving entrepreneurial opportunities in emerging economies, as well as how these relationsh...


We consider the passage time problem for Levy processes, emphasising heavy tailed cases. Results are obtained under quite mild assumptions, namely, drift to −∞ a.s. of the process, possibly at a linear rate (the finite mean case), but possibly much faster (the infinite mean case), together with subexponential growth. Local, and functional, versions of limit distri- butions are derived for the passage time itself, as well as for the position of the process just prior to passage, and the overshoot of a high level. Regular variation or maximum domain of attraction conditions, shown to be necessary for the kind of convergence behaviour we are interested in, are imposed on the positive tail of the canonical measure. Specialisation of the Levy results to random walk situations is outlined. AMS 2010 Subject Classifications: primary: 60G51; 60K05 secondary: 60G70, 91B30


We present here a rare case of spontaneous symphysiotomy. In the case patient came with post-partum hemorrhage with severe pain in groin region, on clinical and pelvic examination there was a gap in pelvic syphysis which further confirmed by pelvic X-ray.


Market models which re ect stylised properties of the interest rate term structure are widely used for modelling and pricing interest rate derivatives. We consider a market model involving the short rate and a diversified global stock index. We illustrate the stylised properties of the interest rate term structure implied by a system of stochastic differential equations specifying the short rate and the discounted stock index under the benchmark approach. Comparison with empirical evidence demonstrates the explanatory power of a discounted stock index modelled by a squared Bessel process.


Tomato plants ('Cunero' F 1) were grown in 3 independent units of NFT, supplie d by nutrient solutions with different primary sulpha te levels (mg SO4 -2 dm); unit: I 200, II 400, III 600. Concentration of sulpha tes in the nutrient solutions increased during the entire growing season. At the s age of full harvest it reached the level of 850-1000 (I unit), 1000-1100 (II), 125 0-1400 (III) and 800-850 (I unit), 900-1000 (II), 1250 (III) mg SO 4 -2 dm, respectively in the year 2000 and 2001. Sulphate accumulation significantly increased the l evel of S and S-SO 4 in the leaves as well as N content (in 2001) and decreased the level of P (in 2000) and Mg (in 2001). There were no effects of different sulph ate levels in the nutrient solution on the concentration of assimilation pigments, caro ten ids and sulphur amino acids.


Recently, a new set of 14 transformation parameters was jointly adopted by National Resources Canada (NRCan) and the U.S. National Geodetic Survey (NGS) for transforming coordinates between the International Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2000 (ITRF00) and the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83). Although a unique set of similarity transformation equations could be applied everywhere to transform positional coordinates between these two terrestrial frames, a more consistent set of NAD 83 coordinates can be obtained if, locally, ITRF00 intersite vectors are transformed and constrained in the NAD 83 frame. This is the procedure implemented by the OPUS (On-line Positioning User Service) software, available through the NGS Tool Kit web page, to derive positional coordinates on the NAD 83 datum. In this particular case, the final NAD 83 coordinates of the unknown point are computed from three GPS-derived intersite vectors radiating to nearby CORS (Continuously Operating Reference Station) sites.


The Importance of Competitive Pricing Making the Firm's Cost Structure Competitive Activity-based Costing Marginal Costing The Theory of Constraints and Product Costing Integrating the Theory of Constraints and Activity Costing Developing Strategic Cost Standards in a Machine-paced Environment Learning Curves: The Reduction of Unit Labor Cost Cost-based Pricing in the Automotive Glass industry


Silicone oil vapor deposition and Ar^+ ion irradiation can form an adhesive carbonaceous film on a steel substrate. The friction coefficient μ of the coated substrate is found to be very low for sliding against a steel ball both in air (μ ∼ 0.04) and in N_2 gas (μ < 0.02). The duration of the low friction state is comparatively long and is 5 × 10^3–1.5 × 10^4 cycles for a film 0.15 μm thick. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, infrared reflection spectra, and Raman measurements indicate that the film mainly consists of amorphous carbon containing Si and O.


A reinvestigation of a sensitized photochemical cycloaddition of coumarin with cyclopentene reported by Hanifin and Cohen indicated that the cycloaddition gives a sterically disfavored cis-cisoid-cis adduct (18%) together with a cis-transoid-cis adduct (25%) and a head-to-head coumarin dimer with a cis-transoid-cis disposition. The two adducts behaved differently in hydrolysis and recyclization.


Introduction: Evidence for past life on Mars is most likely to be found within the preserved mineralized remains of subaerial, subaqueous, and shallow subsurface hydrothermal systems [1,2]. The most important targets of endogenic-driven hydrothermal activity identified so far occur in structurally complex, highly dissected and/or faulted volcanic terrain [3]. Recent discoveries of sedimentary structures and other features diagnostic of shallow water deposits and saline groundwater at Meridiani Planum [4] also raise the possibility of hydrothermal venting in areas where evaporites were deposited in volcanic terrain. The study of these geologically complex areas on Mars will require the careful, concurrent analysis of multiple databases [5,6]. Layers of geological, topographic, structural, mineralogical, geophysical and geochemical data integrated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) enable this type of detailed classification and interpretation of complex volcanic terrains on Earth. We present results based on the study of (1) hydrothermal chimneys and alteration zones of Cretaceous age located in the Canadian Arctic Islands, Nunavut, and (2) Apollinaris Patera shield volcano on Mars that were obtained using an OpenGIS solution for terrestrial analogues and planetary databases. Geology: On western Axel Heiberg Island, in the Canadian Arctic, erosional remnants of hydrothermal chimneys discovered at two localities consist of pyritiferous mounds that measure 2 to 5 m in cross-section and consist of a central vent and wide bands of whitish-yellow to ochre alteration (Fig. 1). The chimneys or alteration zones consistently occur in structurally complex areas where volcanic flows and/or sills intersect evaporite outliers at the periphery of the diapir. The salt domes were formed in an intracontinental rift basin when Upper Mississippian to Middle Pennsylvanian evaporite beds rose diapirically through the Mesozoic succession. Basaltic lava flows and pyroclastic deposits in this area were emplaced episodically, with peaks of intrusive and eruptive activity at 128 and 95 Ma, respectively [7]. Remarkably, cold springs are still active [8] and so there is growing evidence that hydrothermal systems constitute a longlived, episodic feature of the rift basin. The geological setting is broadly similar to that of conical siliceous mounds reported in the Parana basin of southeastern Brazil [9] with the following notable exceptions: statiform, intrusive mafic igneous rocks are pervasive in the Sverdrup Basin, and although the chimneys are of a similar size to some of the Parana structures, they are not as abundant.


The prevalence of intermittent claudication in men aged 55–74 years is 4·5 per cent and a common cause of such claudication is superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusive disease. The preferred management of patients with this condition remains a subject of discussion. Therapeutic options range from conservative treatment to endovascular intervention and surgical bypass or endarterectomy. Conservative therapy is the primary treatment of choice. However, if this fails and an endovascular technique is chosen, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is the best option; other endovascular methods have failed to achieve higher rates of technical success or patency. PTA should be considered only for short lesions (⩽10 cm). The usual surgical option for SFA occlusive disease is femoropopliteal bypass using autogenous vein, which has an expected 5‐year patency rate of 56–76 per cent. Patency rates decrease if other types of graft are used. An alternative to vein bypass is endarterectomy, with an expected 5‐year patency rate of 35–71 per cent. A multicentre randomized trial should be conducted to determine the optimal management of claudication caused by SFA occlusive disease.


A single acoustic source in a surface sound channel will produce an average acoustic intensity which varies with measurement depth, and the question is how to calculate the source concentration down a vertical array which will produce an intensity independent of depth. It is the long‐range or range‐averaged problem which is treated, using, initially, a high‐frequency or energy flux approximation. The chosen approach works first from the uniform intensity back to the necessary depth distribution of quasimodes, and then from the quasimode distribution to the source distribution. We arrive at a universal curve specified in terms of elliptic integrals, which has a high concentration at the bottom of the duct. The same curve is reached using numerical methods. Comments cover wave theory effects and the efficiency of coupling. PACS numbers: 43.30.Bp, 43.30.Es


A Nutrient-Film Technique "NFT" and  A semi- Environmental control chamber were used to detect the effect of slope and environmental parameters affecting the NFT. The environmental parameters are : concentration of the nutrient solution "NS"  , lighting type and light exposure and air change per hour. Four slopes were tested ;from: 5 to 25%. Three concentrations were tested: from: 0.5 to 1.5% in addition to tap water  as control. Three types of lighting were tested: light- emitting diodes (LEDS) , fluorescent lamps  and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLS) in addition a natural light as control. Four lighting times were tested: from: 6 to 24 h/day.  Four airing rates were tested: from 30 to 60 times per hour. The optimal parameters for transplanting fodder are : the slope of NS channel of 5%, the feed pump discharge of 4.66 L/min under cultivating density of 1.6 kg/m2 and the discharge corresponds to an empirical depth and an empirical speed of the NS(measured from a previous study of NFT unit without cultivation, Mosallam et al.,2015)  this depth and this speed are 3mm 0.1m/s , respectively, concentrations of the nutrient solution 1 % ,  lighting type :light-emitting diodes (LEDS) , lighting exposure: 12h/day and  air change rate of 40 times/h.


ABSTRACT The interaction between student writers .nd word processors was the subject of a case study that assessed (1) how advanced high school students respond to learning word processing, (2) what immediate impact the machine has on the writing processes and strategies of students, and (3) whether the machine alters students' attitudes toward writing and, if so, how. Over a period of six weeks, the two subjects of the study, both high school juniors, were asked to respond to two survey instruments designed to reveal their writing processes ane attitudes, to compose four essays using pen and paper at first and later the computer, and to write protocols after each writing session. These materials were then subjected to a variety of qualitative and quantitative analyses. The findings provide some insight into how two types of students--the planner and the reviser--might respond to a word processing composition course and show that (1) although students may enjoy working on a computer, their enjoyment of the technology does not necessarily mean they have changed their attitude toward writing; (2) because revisers and planners emphasize different stages of the writing process, a reviser may adapt more readily to composing on a computer; (3) viewing their written work on the screen does not, in itself, help students determine what to change or correct; and (4) the limitations of the computer screen and the software affect a writer's strategies. (Appendixes contain copies of the instruments used in the study.) (RBW)


This article discusses the commutation matrix in the Kronecker quaternion group; that is, a non-abelian group whose 32 elements are 4 × 4 matrices, with entries in the set of complex numbers. This paper aims to describe the commutation matrices obtained concerning the matrices in this group. The commutation matrix is a permutation matrix that associates the relationship between the vec of matrix and vec of its transpose. Based on the classification of matrices in the Kronecker quaternion group, there are 16 classifications of commutation matrices for the matrices in this group.


Roughly out of every 300 Americans is a lawyer. The remaining 299 of us who are not lawyers still have good reasons to be interested in our legal system. Out of necessity, we have to conduct much of our day-to-day affairs without a lawyer standing beside us. Therefore we need to have at least some knowledge about the law so as to anticipate the possible legal effects of our actions and, for sure, to know when to seek professional counsel. Aside from our personal involvement in legal matters, the give and take that is associated with legal processes and the drama of the courtroom, where reputations, fortunes and sometimes even lives are at stake has attracted the attention of the general public throughout history. This is especially true since the advent of television. From Perry Mason to the Watergate hearings to the O.J. Simpson trial to the Clinton impeachment trial, it sometimes seems that a growing percentage of those who are not lawyers nonetheless fancy themselves as armchair legal strategists. Strictly speaking, there is nothing wrong with this; but when such non-lawyers try to deal with actual legal matters very serious problems can result. Generally speaking, the same can be said of canon law and it makes little difference whether the offender is a common lawyer or is simply someone who has watched too much Court TV, read too many John Grisham novels or not stayed in a Holiday Inn Express. You might wonder how someone like me, who is not formally educated in either canon or civil law, would attempt to write even a superficial article about two complex legal systems. Obviously, I had to rely on the work of those who Applying the Principles and Procedures of Civil Law to Canon Law: A Recipe for Frustration


Abstract It is pointed out that KCNS is a common and generally unrecognized contamination in the ferric chloride test for the presence of lactic acid in gastric contents, and may lead to incorrect conclusions especially in patients who smoke. It is shown that KCNS is secreted by the gastric glands. The addition of saturated HgCl 2 solution prior to the performance of any of the common tests for lactic acid will remove the KCNS.


The invention discloses a method for preparing squid surimi, which comprises the following steps of: skinning and eviscerating a squid carcass, washing the squid carcass, cutting the squid carcass into blocks, adding 0.05 to 0.08 weight percent protease enzymolysis solution insufficient for impregnating the squid blocks, and performing enzymolysis and tenderization by an impregnation method underthe conditions of the pH value of the enzymolysis solution of 8.2 to 8.8, the operative temperature of 44 to 50 DEG C and the action time of 75 to 90 min; placing the tenderized squid blocks into an extruder for micronizing treatment under the conditions of the rotating speed of a threaded rod of 300 to 350 r/min, the feeding speed of 8 to 10 kg/min and the temperature of a machine barrel of 120 to 130 DEG C; and performing mincing, molding, heating, cooling, quick-freezing and cold storage. The method has the advantages of keeping perfectly the shapes of surimi products and not disintegrating the meat.


Medienpadagogik (pedagogy of the media), in Germany is a vast and recognized discipline which comprises various approachs towards the media: from the didactic and educational ones to those which are of a reflective nature and on research This contribution intends to offer a recognition on the fundamental approaches of German media education and introduce its chief representatives in the academic field. It aims at illustrating the objective and the basic orientations of this theoretical-practical discipline, while it gives particular attention, both to the relationship between Medienpadagogik and the school as well as to the debate regarding the professional profile of the media educator. As far as the first is concerned, it appears interesting to present the integrated curriculum of Medienpadagogik tried out by Spanhel of the University of Nuremberg in Bavaria for the secondary school, as regards Medienpadagogik as a profession, it is clear how the debate gets the attention of the larger part of the scientific world which is engaged both in the pedagogical field as well as in that of the sciences of communication.


Layout-sensitive grammars have been adopted in many modern programming languages. However, tool support for this kind of grammars still remains limited and immature. In this paper, we present Lay-it-out, an interactive framework for layout-sensitive grammar design. Beginning with a user-defined ambiguous grammar, our framework refines it by synthesizing layout constraints through user interaction. For ease of interaction, a shortest nonempty ambiguous sentence (if exists) is automatically generated by our bounded ambiguity checker via SMT solving. The soundness and completeness of our SMT encoding are mechanized in the Coq proof assistant. Case studies on real grammars, including a full grammar , demonstrate the practicality and scalability of our approach.


The aim of this paper is to provide a methodology to hesitant fuzzy multiple attribute decision making using technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and distance measures. Firstly, the inadequacies of the existing hesitant fuzzy TOPSIS method are analyzed in detail. Then, based on the developed hesitant fuzzy ordered weighted averaging weighted aver-aging distance (HFOWAWAD) measure, a modified hesitant fuzzy TOPSIS, called HFOWAWAD-TOPSIS is introduced for hesitant fuzzy multiple attribute decision making problems. Moreover, the advantages and some special cases of the HFOWAWAD-TOPSIS are presented. Finally, a numerical example about energy policy selection is provided to illustrate the practicality and feasibility of the developed approach.


The article deals with the problem of influence of Party ideology on the literature of the XX-th century. The author considers history of emergence of "partycentrism" in Slavonic literature and defines the meaning of this term.


Abstract. To resolve the problem of occlusion of the depth information of x-ray images and the detection of small-scale contraband in the detection of contraband objects, an improved prohibited item detection network has been proposed based on YOLOX. First, a material-aware atrous convolution module (MACM) is added to the feature pyramid network to enhance the model's multiscale fusion and extraction ability for material information in x-ray image. Second, a spatial pyramid split attention mechanism (SPSA) is proposed to fuse spatial and channel attention for different scale spatial information features. Finally, CutMix data augmentation strategy is adopted to improve the robustness of the model. The overall performance identification experiments were conducted on the publicly available OPIXray dataset. The average accuracy (mean average precision, mAP) of the method is 93.10%. Compared with the baseline model YOLOX, the mAP is improved by 3.25%. The experimental results show that our method achieves state-of-the-art detection accuracy compared with existing methods.


1. E. Fox, The Role of Visual Processes in Modulating Social Interactions. 2. M.G. Calvo, F. Esteves, Detection of Emotional Faces: Low Perceptual Threshold and Wide Attentional Span. 3. M.A. Williams, S.A. Moss, J.L. Bradshaw, J.B. Mattingley, Look at me, I'm Smiling: Visual Search for Threatening and Non-threatening Facial Expressions 4. D. Lundqvist, A. Ohman, Emotion Regulates Attention: The Relation between Facial Configurations, Facial Emotion and Visual Attention. 5. P. Vuilleumier, N. George, V. Lister, J. Armony, J. Driver, Effects of Perceived Mutual Gaze and Gender on Face Processing and Recognition Memory. 6. J. Seyama, R.S. Nagayama, The Effect of Torso Direction on the Judgment of Eye Direction. 7. J.K. Hietanen, K. Yrttimaa, Where a Person with a Squint is Actually Looking: Gaze Cued Orienting by Crooked Eyes. 8. A. Senju, T. Hasegawa, Direct Gaze Captures Visuospatial Attention. 9. G.A. Georgiou, C. Bleakley, J. Hayward, R. Russo, K. Dutton, S. Eltiti, E. Fox Focusing on Fear: Attentional Disengagement from Emotional Faces. 10. J.D. Eastwood, D. Smilek, J.M. Oakman, P. Farvolden, M. van Ameringen, C. Mancini, P.M. Merikle, Individuals with Social Phobia are Biased to Become Aware of Negative Faces. 11. P.J. Barnard, C. Ramponi, G. Battye, B. Mackintosh, Anxiety and the Deployment of Visual Attention over Time 12. I.M. Santos, A.W. Young, Exploring the Perception of Social Characteristics in Faces Using the Isolation Effect. 13. G.W. Humphreys, J. Hodsoll, C. Campbell, Attending but not Seeing: The 'Other Race Effect' in Face and Person Perception Studied through Change Blindness


In light-optical microscopes, numerical apertures (apertures in the back focal plane of the objective lens) are an integral part. Often, these apertures can be adjusted continuously, e.g., in single lens reflex (SLR) cameras. In electron microscopy however, and despite much larger magnification ranges, there is only a limited selection of fixed apertures. This is due a) to the pm wave length of the electrons resulting in very small scattering angles from objects with lattice constants in of about 100-400pm and b) to manufacturing limitations and contamination issues as apertures with decreasing hole sizes tend to contaminate easily. While many transmission electron microscopes have a selection of only 4-6 apertures, they offer tremendous magnification ranges. Yet, for most magnifications, suitable numerical apertures are not available. This actually will either become or already is a problem.


M. Nori proved that on a projective smooth variety, a bundle is finite, (that is the ring it generates has dimension 0), if and only if it trivializes on a finite cover. In this note, we consider bundles of degree 0 on an elliptic curve. We prove that the dimension of the ring generated by such a bundle is the same as the dimension of a torsor trivializing the bundle (and is 1).


The study was conducted as a test to determine the effectiveness of Halimeda sp seaweed extract on the growth of some types of pathogenic bacteria. Seaweeds extracted consist of four (4) types which include: Halimeda macrophysa, Halimeda gracillis, Halimeda Opuntia and Halimeda renschi . While the types of pathogenic bacteria used were ( Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis ). This study uses methanol in the ratio of 1: 1 (v/v) and were observed for 48 hours. The test results showed that the extract of Halimeda sp is effective as antibacterial pathogen. Phytochemical test showed the presence of steroid and saponin compounds.


The evidence that retirement and pension incentives have done much recently for national saving is weak. Total personal saving in the United States is now below the annual revenues spent in supporting retirement and pension plans. One major reason is that all government subsidies are for deposits, not saving. A second is the extraordinary complexity of the laws. Yet another negative influence on saving is that most people now retire in late middle age. Finally, the incentives provided to low- and moderate-income households often are also fairly small and sometimes nonexistent. This testimony discusses various ways to try to deal with these issues.


Both cancer and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) constitute 2 serious public health problems, due to their high prevalence among the general population and their negative impact on health.1,2 OSA has been associated with various cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric and metabolic diseases, and most studies have focused on intermittent hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation as the mechanisms potentially underlying this association.2 With respect to cancer, many research groups continue to look for clinical or genetic causes, particularly those that are potentially preventable or treatable. For some time, intermittent hypoxia (IH), rapid cycles of hypoxia/tissue reoxygenation, an almost pathognomonic feature of OSA, has been known to be capable of activating pathogenic mechanisms associated with carcinogenesis and promoting increased aggressivity in an existing tumor.3 The primary mechanism by which IH achieves this effect is paradoxically related with a compensatory system to avoid tissue death in situations of hypoxia, namely, increased vascularization to ensure sufficient supply of oxygen to the cells.4 This mechanism, which may have saved many lives from a cardiovascular point of view, does not seem to be of benefit in tumor tissue (very hypoxic), since it can promote the development of metastasis and growth of the primary tumor, and thus increase its aggressivity. Two molecules appear to be particularly involved in this pathogenic mechanism: hypoxia-induced factor (HIF-1 ), which is overexpressed in hypoxic tissues, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the concentration of which increases as a direct consequence of HIF-1 overexpression.3,4 The mechanism is not, however, as simple as it seems, since both molecules can alter their expression as a result of the action of different pathogenic pathways, and produce effects that may occasionally even be paradoxical, depending on the cell environment under consideration.3,4 In recent years, attention has also been focused on alternative pathogenic mechanisms possibly associated with another of the characteristics of OSA, sleep


With the rapid development of information,the application of the IC card management system in each coal unit more and more.Now,many card systems use a cryptographic smart card RFID chips.However,in 2008 with the 2008 German researcher Henry Plotz successfully cracked the Mifare Classic chip of NXP(non-contact smart cards,which usually refered to M1 card) security algorithm.RFID chips with encryption smart card do not have previously considered ecure.So,how to deal with this is the focus work for futural network planners and system analysts.This paper makes an brief analysis of the question.


The aim of the present research is to identify different effects of parenthood on women's and men's educational trajectories. The main hypothesis considers that professional women delay postgraduate education due to activities associated to the women's maternal role. The data is drawn from the Encuesta Multiproposito de Bogota (EMB) ( Multipurpose Survey Bogota) 2014. Logistic regression models were executed including main factors associated to the children's care, marital status and financial situation to create a final model putting together all main variables. Results show a higher probability of not carring out postgraduate courses for the women who have fewer children that also spend more time caring and at work, have working couples, couples with college or less educated and who spend time caring for the children. For men, the most relevant variables were less investment of time caring for children, working intensity time and investing more time in this activity. Results suggest that gender gap related to parenting persists and reinforces the higher participation of women in these activities, assuming the costs of role conflict inside home, which affects the decision of educationalreturn.


The synthesis of a series of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes involving zinc, cadmium, and the heavy Group 14 elements germanium, tin, and lead is reported. The direct reaction between the bulky carbene IPr (IPr = (HCNDipp)2C:, Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) and the Group 14 halide reagents GeCl4 and SnCl4 afforded the 1 : 1 complexes IPr·ECl4 (E = Ge and Sn) in high yield; similarly, ZnI2 interacted with IPr in THF to give the THF-bound complex IPr·ZnI2·THF. CdCl2 underwent divergent chemistry with IPr and the major product isolated was the imidazolium salt [IPrH][IPr·CdCl3], which could be converted into IPr·CdCl2·THF upon treatment with Tl[OTf]. In addition, the stable PbII amide adduct, IPr·PbBr(NHDipp), was prepared. Each of the new carbene–element halide adducts was treated with the hydride sources Li[BH4] and Li[HBEt3] in order to potentially access new element hydride adducts and/or clusters. In most instances scission of the element–carbene bonds transpired, except in the case of IPr·ZnI2·THF, which reacted with two equivalents of Li[BH4] to yield the thermally stable bis(borohydride) zinc complex IPr·Zn(BH4)2.


Brain monitoring in severe head injury: a practical guide. Mathew, P., Gentleman, D. and Bullock, M.R. 1999; 1: 105–114 Current concepts in the management of patients with so-called 'minor' or 'mild' head injury. Swann, I.J. and Teasdale, G.M. 1999; 1: 143–155 Rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury. Gentleman, D. 2001; 3: 193–204 The Glasgow Coma Scale: History and current practice. Jennett, B. 2002; 4: 91–103 William Henry Battle (1855–1936): Battle's Sign: Bruising Over the Mastoid Process in Fracture of the Base of the Skull. Rao, A. 2002; 4: 125–126 Critical decision making in severe head injury management. Tolias, C. and Wasserberg, J. 2002; 4: 211–221 Brain death. Elliot, J.M. 2003; 5: 23–42 Minor head injuries in adults: a review of current guidelines. Batchelor, J.S., Jenkins, D.W. and Dunning, J. 2003; 5: 191–198 Diffuse axonal injury in adults. Smith, M. 2003; 5: 227–234 Head trauma. Benham, J and Chavda, S.V. 2004; 6: 101–110 The emotional and behavioural consequences of traumatic brain injury. Gouick, J. and Gentleman, D. 2004; 6: 285–292 The early hospital management of gunshot wounds. Part 1: head, neck and thorax. Garner, J. 2005; 7: 143–154 Head and neck injuries in football (soccer). Al-Kashmiri, A. and Delaney, J.S. 2006; 8: 189–195 Postconcussion syndrome: a review. Carr, J. 2007; 9: 21–27 A review of base of skull fractures. Taha, A., Gan, Y.C., Chavda, S.V. and Wasserberg, J. 2007; 9: 29–37 Interventions for postconcussion syndrome. Allen, E.A. 2007; 9: 181–187 Does pre-hospital ventilation effect outcome after significant brain injury? Warner, K.J. and Bulger, E.M. 2007; 9: 283–289 Prevention of secondary brain injury following Head Trauma. Cowley, N.J. and da Silva, E.J. 2008; 10: 35–42 Resuscitation of patients after traumatic brain injury. Hulme, J. 2008; 10: 55–63 The evidenced-based care behind the early management of head injured children. Bayreuther, J. and Maconochie, I. 2008; 10: 85–92


Protected cultivation of tomato is specific to the production for fresh market. In Italy, most greenhouse growers apply fertigation with free drainage (open-loop system) but recent legislation concerning environmental pollution from point source is forcing them to introduce new management approaches, namely the recirculation of drain water (closed-loop system). To support the growers in selecting low impact growing systems and in reducing water use a specific support system (SGx) is under construction. SGx integrates three main simulation models of plant growth and transpiration as well as the nutrient concentration in fertigation water. The system can run both in real time, using meteorological and water consumption data automatically collected by in situ sensors, and off-line using data sets archived in the database. In real time modality, the system follows plant growth and the modification of recycling nutrient solution and advices growers about to the most effective practices in term of crop growth and water and nutrient use. The off-line modality allows different fertigation strategies to be evaluated from the viewpoints of economics and environmental impact.


A B S T R A C T A method is developed for fitting theoretically predicted astronomical spectra to an observed spectrum. Using a hierarchical Bayesian principle, the method takes both sys tematic and statistical measurement errors into account, which has not been done be fore in the astronomical literature. The goal is to estimate fundamental stellar parame ters and their associated uncertainties. The non-availability of a convenient determinis tic relation between stellar parameters and the observed spectrum, combined with the computational complexities this entails, necessitate the curtailment of the continuous Bayesian model to a reduced model based on a grid of synthetic spectra. A criterion for model selection based on the so-called predictive squared error loss function is pro posed, together with a measure for the goodness-of-fit between observed and synthetic spectra. The proposed method is applied to the infrared 2 .3 8 -2 .6 0 ISO-SWS data (Infrared Space Observatory - Short Wavelength Spectrometer) of the star a Bootis, yielding estimates for the stellar parameters: effective temperature Teff = 4230 ± 83 K, gravity log g=1.50 ±0.15dex, and metallicity [Fe/H] = -0.30 ± 0.21dex.


In the case of serious criticism of the dialectic category of "totality" by the post-modernism, a vindication from the viewpoint of extrapolation may be a new solution to the issue. The development of modern systems can overcome the self-paradox in a certain range rather than in a wider range. The self-paradox and the hard-to-research issues are extrapolated out of the field of investigation because they often exist in the wider and farther totality. In this sense, dissolution of every totality and rejection of detailed narration not only is hard to do, but meets the inner demand of modernity. Thereby totality is the confederacy of modernity in the domain of ideology. Therefore the mode of thinking of totality must be rescued.


Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) is a waste from steel recycling in an electric arc furnace. Due to the waste mainly consisting of zinc ferrite along with a small amount of heavy metals such as lead and chromium, EAFD is categorized as a toxic waste. Even though proper treatments of EAFD offer crude zinc oxide and iron oxide, such appropriate EAFD recycling techniques have not yet been established in Thailand. The simplest way to reduce its toxicity is glassification. According to the EAFD's chemical composition, it is possible to use it as a raw material in decorative ceramic glazes which contain zinc and iron oxides. This project focuses on the possibility of using EAFD in ceramic glazes. The replacement of EAFD for common raw materials in Namako glaze was attempted. Its toxic release was tested by means of the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure. The results showed that the EAFD-bearing glaze was very similar to the traditional Namako. The obtained glaze provided non-crackle, deep blue, glossy surfaces with very small crystals. Heavy metal release, particularly lead, from the leaching test was lower than FDA standards, suggesting the proposed glaze was safe enough. This indicated that EAFD can be applied as an alternative material for ceramic glazing.


In this article, we investigate the biological effectiveness of natural growth regulators with immonostimulant activity on potato plants. It was revealed that treatment plants with Fitosporin-M (biofungitsid), Gumi-20 (antistress preparation) and Borogum (bio-organic fertilizer) increase their adaptive capacity. The effectiveness of regulators increasing significantly under critical drought conditions. During the research a reliable increase in yield of tubers was noted in the variant of double treatment potato with biocomplex of Fitosporin-M and Gumi-20: 8.6% (2008), 29.5% (2009), 48.4% (2010). And, under drought conditions the effectiveness of drugs Fitosporin-M and Gumi-20 was higher when they were used separately. Inclusion of Borogum in the system of vegetative treatments of potato plants is most effective under stress conditions for plant growth. We studied biopreparations provided a significant yield increase (from 36.4 to 80.3%) under drought conditions. The highest biological effectiveness in protecting tubers from diseases (72%) was observed in the variant of double treatment potato with Fitosporin-M and its composition with Gumi-20


Based on the chronological series data from1996 to 2008 and the cross-sectional data of 2007 in Jiangsu Province,this paper adopts canonical correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis methods to make an in-depth analysis of the science and technology talents and the development of emerging industries and reveal the significant impact of all kinds of professional and technical talents,personnel engaged in activities of science and technology as well as research and development personnel on the development of high-tech industries in Jiangsu Province.


In this study, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)-, 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analysis were used for the screening of in vitro anti-inflammatory activity on three different germplasm accessions namely 11,341 (P), 11,248 (T) and 11,265 (H) of Malaysian Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) leaf. The anti-inflammatory activity by nitric oxide (NO) inhibition assay in relation to the different harvesting ages and times of A. paniculata leaf was determined through comparison by partial least-squares analysis (PLS) using SIMCA-P. The PLS allowed the separation and correlation between the NO assay with the phytochemical present due to the effects of different harvesting ages and times. From the PLS plots, conclusions were drawn with respect to the correlation between A. paniculata leaf metabolites with the anti-inflammatory results which showed that 180 days after transplanting (DAT) of morning session for accessions T and H, and evening for P gave the highest anti-inflammatory activity.


The L1551-IRS 5 source and its associated atomic jet and molecular outflow has been studied for over 40 years. In this overview of the source this fascinating object and its properties are reviewed and its importance today is re-evaluated.


This paper presents an information extraction method, suitable for data-rich documents, based on the knowledge represented in a domain ontology. The extractor combines a fuzzy string matcher and a word sense disambiguation (WSD) algorithm.
The fuzzy string matcher finds mentions of terms combining character-level and token-level similarity measures dealing with non-standardized acronyms and inconsistent abbreviation styles.
We propose a new character-level edit distance sensitive to prefixes called root distance and a token-level similarity algorithm for fuzzy acronym detection. Additionally, a WSD strategy using an ontology-based semantic relatedness measure is used to solve the inherent ambiguity of some entities. The WSD module finds a sense combination over all the document length optimizing the document semantic coherence. Our approach seems to be suitable to extract information from data-rich documents describing Orly one main object (i.e. product) by document. The results showed a precision of 78.9% with 99.5% recall using documents and an ontology related to laptop computers domain.


Currently, the beekeeping industry in Bhutan is promoted with introduced EuropeanApismelifera _ ....... species. Some ICIMOD reports have alleged _'"':-_ that there is a threat of replacing the local bees by this species and therefore warrants conservation of the local bees. Besides contributing to conservation of local biodiversity, promotion of bee industry using local bees can provide a viable proposition especially in the southern part of the country. Most of the households in the south keep one or two log hives of local bees.


This article is intended to give would‐be purchasers or existing users of CCTV equipment some insight into the principles involved in the working of CCTV.


Some new exact travelling wave and period sohltions of discrete nonlinear Schroedinger equation are found by using a hyperbolic tangent function approach, which was usually presented to find exact travelling wave solutions of certain nonlinear partial differential models. Now we can further extend the new algorithm to other nonlinear differentialdifferent models.


We make a numerical study of the finite temperature properties of the SO(3) lattice gauge theory. As its symmetry properties are quite different from those of the SU(2) LGT, a different set of observables have to be considered in this model. We study several observables, such as, the plaquette square, the Z(2) monopole density, the fundamental and adjoint Wilson line, and the tiled Wilson line correlation function. Our simulations show that the Z(2) monopoles condense at strong coupling just as in the bulk system. This transition is seen at approximately the same location as in the bulk system. A surprising observation is the multiple valuedness of the adjoint Wilson line at high temperatures. At high temperatures, we observe long lived metastable states in which the adjoint Wilson line takes positive and negative values. The numerical values of other observables in these two states appear to be almost the same. We study these states using different methods and also make comparisons with the high temperature behaviour of the SU(2) LGT. Finally, we discuss various interpretations of our results and point out their relevance for the phase diagram of the SO(3) LGT at finite temperature.


The single most important step on the path to our modern understanding of blood coagulation and haemophilia in the 20th century was taken by British Pathologist Robert Gwyn Macfarlane with his 1964 publication "An enzyme cascade in the blood clotting mechanism, and its function as a biochemical amplifier". He and Rosemary Biggs had previously discovered factor IX in 1952 as the factor deficient in Haemophilia B. In 1973 Arthur Bloom defined the distinct role of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor in Haemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease respectively. This was followed by the heroic efforts of the Tuddenham group towards the purification of factor VIII to homogeneity in 1982 leading to the cloning of the Factor VIII gene in 1984, which in turn enabled development of safe recombinant factor concentrates for patients with haemophilia. Brownlee cloned the factor IX gene in 1982 at the Sir William Dunn Institute of Pathology in Oxford. Next came the first successful trial of gene therapy for haemophilia B in 2011 by the Nathwani group at UCL, which has fuelled the current quest for a functional cure of Haemophilia A and B. The UK, has therefore, contributed significantly to key scientific and clinical advances in haemostasis over the last 60 years.


We have documented a super positive lightning flash with DALMA (Discone Antenna Lightning Mapping Array), FALMA (Fast Antenna Lightning Mapping Array), InLMA (Interferometer-type of Lightning Mapping Array) as well as LAPOS (Lightning Attachment Process Observation System) and a high speed video camera. Using the documented data, we found this positive flash started with a downward negative leader from an upper negative charge region. The initial negative leader progressed into the lower positive charge region at an average speed of 1.0$\times 10^{6}$ m/s and then was followed by many discharge activities in this region. These discharge activities consequently pumped positive charge to the negative leader initiation region and then produced a downward positive leader with a speed of 1.6× 106 m/s. This positive leader, accompanied by two steps, produced a positive return stroke with its peak current reaching to 268 kA. After the return stroke, a lot of discharge activities occurred between the upper negative charge and the lower positive charge regions. We estimated that the total electrical charge neutralized by this flash was over 1000 C. We also measured the speeds for the two step pulse discharges and the return stroke and found their speeds are 0.8$\times10^{8} m/s, 0.82$× 108 m/s, and 1.15×108 m/s, respectively.


1 I . Chapter One Introduction 1 Footnotes For Intoduction 6 II. Chapter Two Theoretical Basis For Study 7 Footnotes For Study Basi s 11 III. Chapter Three Literature Review 12 Exposure Control 14 Dot Grai n 15 Color Density 16 Grey Bal ance 17 Pictorial Subject 17 Summary 19 Footnotes Of Literature Review 21 IV. Chapter Four Hypothesis 23 V. Chapter Five Methodology 24 Qualitative vs. Quantitative Experimentation 24 The Experimental Model 25 Materials 27 Sample Preparation 28 Survey Testi ng 36 Statistical Testing And Inference. . 42 Footnotes For Methodology 45


The single‐pill combination (SPC) comprising nebivolol (5 mg), a vasodilatory β1‐selective antagonist/β3‐agonist, and valsartan (80 mg), a renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor, is the only Food and Drug Administration–approved β‐blocker/renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor SPC for hypertension. Additive effects of four nebivolol/valsartan SPC doses (5 mg/80 mg, 5/160 mg, 10/160 mg, 10/320 mg nebivolol/valsartan) were compared with five Food and Drug Administration–approved non–β‐blocker/renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor SPCs (aliskiren/hydrochlorothiazide, aliskiren/amlodipine, valsartan/amlodipine, aliskiren/valsartan, and telmisartan/amlodipine). Additivity is the ratio of placebo‐adjusted SPC blood pressure (BP) reduction to the placebo‐adjusted monotherapy component BP reduction sums. A weighted average of comparator scores was calculated and compared vs nebivolol/valsartan. Additivity ratio scores for nebivolol/valsartan SPCs (diastolic BP range: 0.735–0.866; systolic BP range: 0.717–0.822) were similar to the comparator weighted average (diastolic BP: 0.837; systolic BP: 0.825). Among the nebivolol/valsartan SPCs, 5/80 mg had the greatest additivity (diastolic BP: 0.866; systolic BP: 0.822). BP reduction contributions with monotherapy were similar for nebivolol/valsartan 5/80 mg SPC. Additivity scores for nebivolol/valsartan and select non–β‐blocker/renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitor SPCs were comparable.


Parents try to mould their children as per their own wishes. During upbringing they transmit their values, skills, attitudes to children through the process of gender socialization. In the process of transmission of parental messages to their offspring lack of resemblance persists occasionally between the parents and adolescence. Conflict or problem arises when difference of opinion occurs between these two generations. The present investigation was an attempt to investigate the impact of parental value and gender socialization on intergenerational relationship during adolescence. Assessment of parental value hierarchy, pattern of gender socialization and perception of parental value by adolescence were considered to see the impact on intergenerational relationship during the period of adolescence. The study was conducted in Jorhat district of Assam. One hundred and eighty eight adolescents age ranges from 16 yrs to 18 yrs and their parents were selected for the study. To make the sample representative equal numbers of boys and girls from both rural and urban areas were selected. Seven human values which were considered important by the parents while upbringing their adolescent children were selected out of 140 values. Three stories based on real life situations, each covering seven identified values were developed to measure the parental value. Two sets of questionnaires were developed to measure adolescents' perception of parental value and also to measure the relationship between the parents and adolescents. A self report questionnaire was developed and standardized by Blackmore and Hill was used to measure the gender socialization pattern. Another questionnaire by O.P. Aggrawal was used to collect the background information. Parents' responses to the stories were analyzed to identify the parental value hierarchy. All the parents irrespective of their locality and gender of their children consider health as most important value followed by honesty, knowledge, discipline, punctuality, respect for others and patriotism. In the area of gender socialization no distinction has been observed. In case of parental attitude towards their children playing with different toys, parents expressed favourable attitudes for dolls, toy jewellery set for their daughters. Playing with Toy gun was not favoured for both son and daughter. In case of choice of occupation professions like doctor, engineer and teacher are preferred for both son and daughter. Parents do not prefer their son to become beautician and daughter to become an electrician. In case of violent outburst and talking loudly parents do not have any distinction between their sons and daughters. None of the parents like their adolescent boy to dress or act like girls. Results of the present investigation showed that parental values are accurately perceived by their adolescents. Adolescent's perception of all the seven parental values was found to be significant. Socioeconomic status of parents showed significant role in perception of parental value by adolescents. Parental values have impact on intergenerational relationship during adolescence.


NASA's "Environmentally Responsible Aircraft" (ERA) N+2 advanced, low NOx combustor technologies program is looking at combustion technologies suitable for the 2020 time frame. The objective of this program is to develop fuel-air mixing concepts and associated fuel control valves. The low emissions combustor concept must be capable of meeting or exceeding the N+2 LTO NOx goal of 75% reduction from the ICAO standard adopted by CAEP 6 at engine pressure ratios of at least 55. Goodrich Engine Components is working with NASA to demonstrate concepts with these capabilities.In the early 2000's, Goodrich partnered with NASA in demonstrating the ability of a multipoint lean direct injection (LDI) concept to achieve very low NOx emissions index (EI) levels as tested at NASA test facilities. The program was successful in demonstrating the ability of the multipoint concept to deal with NOx at high power conditions but was not optimized to perform equally as well at low power conditions such as start, ground idle, and flight idle conditions.After review of previous work, Goodrich is investigating a new multipoint combustor design for the N+2 program. The basic multipoint premise of injecting fuel through a large number of injection sites to promote rapid mixing has been retained, but at a much reduced number of nozzles compared to the original work. In the new version, nozzles are arranged in a staggered array pattern and are manifolded in radial stages. The radial stages can be utilized to control radial temperature distribution to the turbine. Radial staging is also being used to maintain sufficient temperature levels around specific nozzles at low power conditions to provide adequate emissions and stability at these conditions.In addition to the modifications of the general arrangement, injector design features are optimized by stage such that much higher air/fuel mixing rates with lower central recirculation zones dominate high power conditions while more conventional swirl stabilization dominates at low power conditions when inlet temperatures are low. The design work is being guided by CFD analysis as well as qualitative and quantitative rig testing before the final configurations are fabricated and tested at the NASA flame tube rigs.This paper will discuss elements of prior designs compared to current designs and discuss the status of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations completed in the first phase of this program.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


aDepartment of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, bNational Institute for Health Research School for Primary Care Research, Oxford, cDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, dAddenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge and eBanbury Health Centre, Banbury, UK. *Correspondence to Andrew Farmer, Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, 2nd floor, 23–38 Hythe Bridge Street, Oxford OX1 2ET, UK; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Data have been presented as an oral presentation at South West Society for Academic Primary Care Annual Research Meeting; 1–2 March 2012, Torquay, Devon, UK. Received 11 April 2012; Revised 21 July 2012; Accepted 16 August 2012.


A gauge-invariant perturbation theory on a generic background spacetime is developing from 2003 and ``zero-mode problem'' for linear metric perturbations was proposed as the essential problem of this theory. In the perturbation theory on the Schwarzschild background spacetime, $l=0,1$ modes correspond to the above ``zero-mode'' and the gauge-invariant treatments of these modes is a famous non-trivial problem in perturbation theories on the Schwarzschild background spacetime. Due to this situation, a gauge-invariant treatment for these $l=0,1$-mode perturbations is proposed. Through this gauge-invariant treatment, the solutions to the linearized Einstein equation for these modes with a generic matter field are derived. In the vacuum case, the linearized version of uniqueness theorem of Kerr spacetime is confirmed in a gauge-invariant manner. In this sense, our proposal is reasonable.


This paper will discuss main causes and precaution of banking and accounting crimes that can be minimized by public accountant. The Public Accountants have a very important role, especially in improving the quality and credibility of information relating to financial or financial statements of a particular entity.
In the Regulation No. 5 of 2011 it is quite clear that the profession of Public Accountants has a big role in supporting a healthy and efficient national economy and improving the transparency and quality of information in the field of finance, particularly for the interests of Banking and society.
Frequently the occurrence of banking and accounting scandals as political and business scandals that come with the disclosure of the bad behavior of the of public company executives. These crimes typically involve complex methods of misusing or misleading funds, exaggerating incomes, minimizing costs, exaggerating the corporate asset value or reducing the liabilities in the reporting, sometimes they also collaborate with officials in other companies or in their affiliates. If it refers to the notion of banking and accounting scandals mentioned above, banking and accounting crimes tend to be closer to the term of fraudulent statement (fraud regarding the presentation of financial statements) for the sake of interest.
Therefore, The emergence of Public Accountant services need to increase, specifically the quality of financial information which is used as one of the considerations in decision making in particular in giving credit to customers (debtors). Thus, Public Accountants need to continually improve the competence and professionalism in order to meet the needs of service users and carry public trust.


Objective To study the difference of maximum stress among different positions of screws in the treatment of femur shaft comminuted fracture by locking compression plate(LCP). Methods The CT data of left femur from 27 healthy volunteers were collected and imputed into Mimics,where 3D model was built; Point-cloud file of LCP were collected and imputed into Geomagic Studio; then model of femur and LCP were assembled together and analysed in Abaqus by simulating pressure and torque load. Results For the comminuted femur shaft fractures,the maximum stress of LCP and screws were detected from the innermost screw and its corresponding hole,and it increased while the innermost screw moved towards outside. Conclusion For the comminuted femur shaft fractures,using more screws may lead to decrease of maximum stress on LCP and screws,and the innermost screw should be as near to the fracture as possible.


To improve response time of time-sensitive application in a network using low speed communication channel, a mechanism which adjusts bandwidth usage between applications on a OSGi based home gateway (HGW) is proposed. The proposal is to equip a service bundle on HGW which enables QoS control by analyzing and scheduling packets of each application. We also perform a comparable calculation, for example, an application-aware scheme. As a result, the waiting time of a time-sensitive event driven packet is reduced from 283 ms to 144 ms in the considered case.


A declining sense of smell indicates an increased risk of early death, regardless of whether the subject has dementia or not, a new study suggests.


How does engagement in manufacturing enable innovation and how does the value of manufacturing affect decisions about offshoring? This paper uses insight from manufacturing company executives collected via in-depth interviews to develop a refined and more detailed understanding of the value of manufacturing for innovation and the rethinking of the offshoring of manufacturing. The firms studied in this research derived competitive advantage from manufacturing in different ways. Some saw manufacturing as the key to new product development or the ability to customize their products as customers' needs changed. Some saw manufacturing as the key to maintaining quality standards or regulatory approvals. Others wanted to ensure delivery to customers, be able to respond quickly to their customers' demands, or be a cost leader. The scope for creating competitive advantage from manufacturing inevitably varies between businesses and between operating environments. The particular capabilities that a business requires...


obtained through CRS model is 0.868, indicating scope for lots of improvement for the Pharmaceutical companies k ey words: Volume 5• Number 1 • January June 2012


It is to be sensed and realized in the field of Education, on the importance of productivity in learning. To inculcate and impart the process of productivity in learning literature as an art of study has become the need of the hour. It is essential to bring the students close to get a better grip over literature as well as language. Generally speaking, literature has been considered as a subject which either the professors or students read and appreciate the works of it through different genres like poetry. Drama, fiction, etc. for the aesthetic pleasure that too mostly from the perspective of the established critics or interpreters point view of the text. It will not be an exaggeration if we present the reality of approach, as of borrowed opinion without the enterprise of the individual experiences or opinion moreover, it cannot be denied in the circle of learned fraternity that this approach of learning literature would enhance the learners' skills and helps them in generating their thought process relevant to the topic. It is possible only by means of Learner-Centric method. The activities with which they are engaged will result in their achievement. It will rather help them to fix their career goal clearly. If this process of performing through dramas, folks, etc. has been encouraged in live classroom, then their learning outcome will also soar high to reach the zenith of experiencing literature there by to attain their goal. Thus involving the students as the performers of eminence work of art has not been encouraged rather failed to seek role in the class room activity, doubts apart, it will result in more mundane and monotonous learning of literature Instead if learning of literature entertains in bringing out the perception of students performing literary work on the stage, based on their ability in it, it will definitely help us to identify the real literary programmer among the students authentically.


This work focuses on the problem of developing a blind steganalyzer (a steganalyzer relying on machine learning algorithm and steganalytic features) for detecting stego images with different payload. This problem is highly relevant for practical forensic analysis, since in practice, the knowledge about the steganographic channel is very limited, and the length of hidden message is generally unknown. This paper demonstrates that the discrepancy between payload in training and testing / application images can significantly decrease the accuracy of the steganalysis. Two fundamentally different approaches to mitigate this problem are then proposed. The first solution relies on quantitative steganalyzer. The second solution transforms one-sided hypothesis test (unknown message length) to simple hypothesis test by assuming a probability distribution on length of messages, which can be efficiently solved by many machine-learning tools, e.g. by Support Vector Machines. The experimental section of the paper (a) compares both solutions on steganalysis of F5 algorithm with shrinkage removed by wet paper codes for JPEG images and LSB matching for raw (uncompressed) images, (b) investigates the effect of the assumed distribution of the message length on the accuracy of the steganalyzer, and (c) shows how the accuracy of steganalysis depends on Eve's knowledge about details of steganographic channel.


Abstract We study how subjects in an experiment use different forms of public information about their opponents' past behavior. In the absence of public information, subjects appear to use rather detailed statistics summarizing their private experiences. If they have additional public information, they make use of this information even if it is less precise than their own private statistics - except for very high stakes. Making public information more precise has two consequences: It is also used when the stakes are very high and it reduces the number of subjects who ignore any information - public and private. That is, precise public information crowds in the use of own information. Finally, our results shed some light on unraveling in centipede games.


This paper describes a control scheme for a wireless networked system with variable time delay. Especially, the paper focuses on a packet based network in which subsequent packets catch up the preceding packet. The paper reveals that the forward delay and the backward delay, which are the delay from the local to the remote system and vice versa, are needed for the precise system identification and the control method. If only the round trip time is used, the identification and the control for time varying delay lead unexpected results. To measure the time delay, time synchronization of the local and remote system is required and this paper proposes to use a timing synchronization function (TSF) of IEEE 802.11 based wireless network Performance evaluation by simulation studies for system identification and delay compensated controller are shown. The simulation results verified that the proposed method effectively performed.


It is a well-known fact that tuberculous guinea pigs show enhanced resistance to a subsequent infection, and this has been the fundamental principle in the research of tuberculous immunity since the period of Robert Koch. At the same time, it has been often statedl)2) that although the bacilli of reinfection are easily destroyed in tuberculous animals, innumerable bacilli continue to harbor in the primary lesions. Contradictory they may appear, these two facts can be considered as the most important phenomena governing the process of tuberculous infection. The problem •gPrimary infection or Reinfection•h as the