Unplanned anthropogenic activities have contributed to the shrinkage of wetlands as well as degrading their quality. �is necessitates watershed-based planning such as inventorying, mapping and regular mon- itoring with cost-eective and reliable assessment protocols. Diatoms have been used across continents as bioindicators for reecting the physical, chemical and biological integrity of their habitats. �e current study attempts to understand the role of environmental factors in the formation of the diatom community structure in the shallow wetlands of Peninsular India. Diatoms from dierent habitats and water chemical variables were assessed for 43 wetlands of Bangalore, a profoundly urbanized region of Peninsular India. A total of 181 diatom taxa from 45 genera highlights the rich biodiversity of the region. Wetlands located in the densely populated urban regions are dominated by a prolic growth of eutrophic indicator species such as Gomphonema parvulum Kutz., Nitzschia palea (Kutz.) W.Sm., N. umbonata (Ehrenb.) Lange-Bert., Diadesmis confervacea Kutz., Cyclotella meneghiniana Kutz. and C. atomus Hust. Wetlands located at the outskirts of the city characterize oligo-mesotrophic conditions where Achnanthidium sp. dominates. De- trended canonical correspondence analysis showed a strong inuence of eutrophication and organic/inor- ganic pollution on diatom assemblages but a relatively weak inuence of conductivity. TWINSPAN shows grouping of wetlands based on species composition and suggests that Achnanthidium sp. and Cyclotella meneghiniana are initial indicator taxa for oligo-mesotrophic and eutrophic conditions respectively. �ese results indicate that the environmental factors consistently act as limiting variables in structuring diatom assemblages at a regional scale in urban ecosystems. �e study provided insights into the ecological im- portance of endemic diatoms found in dierent environments. �us, diatom-based biomonitoring can be- come a viable surrogate for physical and chemical parameters of water quality. Also, region-specic dia- tom indices will enable the easy and ecient investigations of wetlands.


This paper investigates the probability of ruin for the discrete-time multi-risk model. By using the classical method of large deviation, we obtain the ruin probability within finite horizon, which extends the corresponding results of the discrete-time unit-risk model.


Objective:To investigate whether subtotal gastrectomy can represent an effective therapy for type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in nonobese patients,and try to explain the mechanisms.Methods:The documents of the patients who had been admitted into the department of general surgery of Qilu hospital,and undergone subtotal gastrectomy in the period of Jan.2001 to May 2007 were reviewed.If the patient was concurrent with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes and BMI≤30,the blood glucose levels in the 5th postoperative day and 3rd month were respectively compared with their own preoperative parameters,and the dosage of hypoglycemic medication and the way of anastomosis were analyzed.Results:Sixty-one cases were analyzed.The mean Body Mass Index(BMI) is(24.25±3.06)kg/m2(SD).In the type 2 diabetes patients without application of diabetic medication or remedial insulin,the mean plasma glucose level in the 5th postoperative day and 3rd month are respectively lower than that before operation.The dosage of hypoglycemic medication used to control blood glucose was reduced for most patients performed subtotal gastrectomy.Moreover,the effects of different anastomosises on improving glucose metabolism are different.Conclusions:Subtotal gastrectomy has a significant effect on type 2 diabetes in nonobese patients.In addition,the effect of gastric bypass is better than other operations on improving glucose metabolism.


This study makes use of confocal raman spectroscopy to exam-
ine the interaction bwteen water and teflon membranes. The teflon
membrane's properties makes it an important component in research
about water purification. To study the water gradient in the teflon
membrane, measurements were made on a naflon membrane.
Apart from the conclusion that the chosen method (raman spectroscopy) can not be used for measurements on teflon membranes, the
study has concluded that when natrium chloride is added to water,
the membrane's capacity of absorption is reduced. The measurements
have resulted in a water profile for the naflon membrane when it has
been allowed to absorb water and two different salt solutions. No conclusions regarding the teflon membrane's properties can, however, be
derived from the experiments.
An unexpected result occured during experiments on a naflon membrane that had absrobed a litium triflate solution, in the form of a
peak in intensity with no correspondence in any reference measurements. This peak suggests that the litium triflate solution reacts or
interacts with the naflon membrane. Unfortunately, this proves nothing regarding the teflon membrane.


Objective: To investigate the relationship between quality of life (QOL) and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: 200 patients with RA were included in the study. Data were obtained by questionnaires and laboratory investigation. Disease Activity Score (DAS-28) was calculated for assessment of disease activity. Separate dimensions and physical and mental summary scores of the Short form Health survey (SF-36) and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) were compared to study the relationship between QOL and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Results: There was a significant association between DAS-28 and QOL scores. Conclusions: RA has a significant effect on the health related quality of life of patients, and its activity is ditectly related to worse QOL.


Numerous established and newly emerging technologies are taking advantage of the novel properties of liquid crystalline (LC) materials. The unique optical, electro-optical and mechanical properties of LC fluids, polymers and composites enable applicability and significant improvements in a number of advanced technologies including displays, telecommunication, information storage and mechanical actuation. Advances in both low-molar mass and polymeric systems, ranging from synthesis to device physics, enable the continued integration of this class of materials into real-world applications. This book spans a diverse set of LC-related topics, from reports on the latest hot research areas, including flexoelectro-optics, V-shaped switching, chiral discotics, and banana phases, to developments in LC-polymer composite systems and LC gels. Much of the work has potential applicability, ranging from sophisticated photonics and beam-steering to creation of 'electronic paper'. Topics include: smectic and chiral liquid crystals and gels; photo-polymerization and liquid crystals; emerging concepts in liquid crystals; rheology of liquid crystals and main chain/lyotropic systems.


This study demonstrates how rhetorical criticism can be utilized to clarify the rhetorical nature of interpersonal discourse. Bitzer's situational theory, Bormann's fantasy theme analysis, and Arnold's criticism of oral rhetoric are synthesized to explain the nature and form of selected portions of taped and transcribed interpersonal dialogue.


Ostensibly, it is a plausible assumption that advertisements receive greater attention when disguised as editorial content. This assumption does not, however, stand the test of empirical validation. Nevertheless, editorial advertising tips and product placement have now seemingly become acceptable and the precept of separating advertising and programme content is increasingly being breached, not only in radio and television. In newspapers and magazines, too, the grey area between editorial text and advertising is spreading. This practice willingly tolerates violations of binding legal agreements and professional codes of ethics. This paper discusses the future viability of the principle of separating advertising and programme content in advertising, journalism and public relations.


We will demonstrate a method for continuous stress monitoring using data provided by a commercial wrist device (Microsoft Band) equipped with physiological sensors and an accelerometer. The method consists of three machine-learning components: a laboratory stress-detector that detects short-term stress; an activity recognizer that continuously recognizes user's activity and thus provides context information; and a context-based stress detector that first aggregates the predictions of the laboratory detector, and then exploits the user's context to provide decision on 20 minutes interval. The method was trained on 21 subjects in a laboratory setting and tested on 5 subjects in a real-life setting. The accuracy on 55 days of real-life data was 92%. The method is integrated in a smartphone application, which will be demonstrated at the conference.


© 2 0 0 6 T H E A U T H O R S J O U R N A L C O M P I L A T I O N © 2 0 0 6 B J U I N T E R N A T I O N A L 71 9 Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2003; 80 : 114–9 2 Isa Kroon WA, Robles JE, de Castro F et al. [Diagnosis of cancer of the prostate by determining the blood levels of specific prostatic antigen, rectal examination, and transrectal echography]. Actas Urol Esp 1993; 17 : 341–6 3 Jones JS, Oder M, Zippe CD. Saturation prostate biopsy with periprostatic block can be performed in office. J Urol 2002; 168 : 2108–10 4 Stewart CS, Leibovich BC, Weaver AL, Lieber MM. Prostate cancer diagnosis using a saturation needle biopsy technique after previous negative sextant biopsies. J Urol 2001; 166 : 86–92 5 Kommu SS, Andrews RJ, Mah RW. Real-time multiple microsensor tissue recognition and its potential application in the management of prostate cancer. BJU Int 2006; 97 : 222–3 6 Wilkinson BA, Smallwood RH, Keshtar A, Lee JA, Hamdy FC. Electrical impedance spectroscopy and the diagnosis of bladder pathology: a pilot study. J Urol 2002; 168 : 1563–7 7 Wersebe A, Siegmann K, Krainick U et al. Diagnostic potential of targeted electrical impedance scanning in classifying suspicious breast lesions. Invest Radiol 2002; 37 : 65–72 8 Lee BR, Roberts WW, Smith DG et al. Bioimpedance: novel use of a minimally invasive technique for cancer localization in the intact prostate. Prostate 1999; 39 : 213–8 9 Kimura S, Morimoto T, Uyama T, Monden Y, Kinouchi Y, Iritani T. Application of electrical impedance analysis for diagnosis of a pulmonary mass. Chest 1994; 105 : 1679–82 10 Inagaki T, Bhayani SB, Allaf ME et al. Tumor capacitance: electrical measurements of renal neoplasia. J Urol 2004; 172 : 454–7 11 Hernandez DJ, Sinkov VA, Roberts WW et al. Measurement of bio-impedance with a smart needle to confirm percutaneous kidney access. J Urol 2001; 166 : 1520–3 12 Jones JS, Patel A, Schoenfield L, Rabets JC, Zippe CD, Magi-Galluzzi C. Saturation technique does not improve cancer detection as an initial prostate biopsy strategy. J Urol 2006; 175 : 485–8 13 Haemmerich D, Ozkan R, Tungjitkusolmun S et al. Changes in electrical resistivity of swine liver after occlusion and postmortem. Med Biol Eng Comput 2002; 40 : 29–33 14 Sola A, Palacios L, Lopez-Marti J et al. Multiparametric monitoring of ischemiareperfusion in rat kidney: effect of ischemic preconditioning. Transplantation 2003; 75 : 744–9 15 Johannsen M, Gneveckow U, Eckelt L et al. Clinical hyperthermia of prostate cancer using magnetic nanoparticles: presentation of a new interstitial technique. Int J Hyperthermia 2005; 21 : 637–47


The stratified system antipyrine - sulfosalicylic acid - water eliminates the use of toxic organic solvents, allows for the group extraction of macro- and micro-quantities of elements into a small volume (~ 2 ml) water-organic phase, in this phase many photometric reagents are easily dissolved. The extraction-spectrophotometric method for the determination of molybdate-ions with phenylfluorone has been developed. The optimal conditions for the formation of a colored compound with an organic reagent have been determined: light absorption maximums; optimal time for color development; photometric reagent amount, linearity range of the calibration graph. In optimal conditions for the complexation of phenylfluorone with MoO42- (λ = 526 nm, τ = 20 min, CR = 5·10-5 mol/l), a calibration graph is constructed. The Bouguer-Lambert-Beer's law is fulfilled in the range from 10 to 60 μg Mo(VI)/20 ml. The molar coefficient of light absorption is calculated, which is 9.2∙104. The effect of interfering ions on the direct extraction-spectrophotometric determination of molybdate ions is studied. It is found that the determination of 50.0 μg of molybdenum(VI) does not interfere with: 5000 - fold molar excess of Ni(II), Co(II), Cr(III), Mn(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Pb(II); 500 - fold molar excess of Re(VII); 1 - fold molar excess of In(III), W(VI).


We derive generalizations of the semiclassical trace formula of Gutzwiller (J. Math. Phys. 12, 343 (1971)) and Balian and Bloch (Ann. Phys. 69, 76 (1972)) that are valid for systems exhibiting continuous symmetries. In particular, we consider symmetries for which the associated set of conserved quantities Poisson-commute. For these systems, the periodic orbits of a given energy occur in continuous families and the usual trace formula, which is valid only when the periodic orbits of a given energy are isolated, does not apply. In the trace formulas we derive, the density of states is determined by a sum over continuous families of periodic orbits rather than a sum over individual periodic orbits. Like Gutzwiller's formula for isolated orbits, the sum involves intrinsic, canonically invariant properties of the periodic orbits. We illustrate the theory with two important special cases: axial symmetry and integrable systems.


Submitted for the DFD17 Meeting of The American Physical Society Rupture and Spreading Dynamics of Lipid Membranes on a Solid Surface ANTONIO PERAZZO, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, SANGWOO SHIN, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, CARLOS COLOSQUI, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, YUAN-NAN YOUNG, Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, HOWARD A. STONE, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University — The spreading of lipid membranes on solid surfaces is a dynamic phenomenon relevant to drug delivery, endocytosis, biofouling, and the synthesis of supported lipid bilayers. Current technological developments are limited by an incomplete understanding of the spreading and adhesion dynamics of a lipid bilayer under different physicochemical conditions. Here, we present recent experimental and theoretical results for the spreading of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs), where the vesicle shell consists of a lipid bilayer. In particular, we study the effect of different background ion concentrations, osmolarity mismatches between the interior and the exterior of the vesicles, and different surface chemistries of the glass substrate. In all of the studied cases, we observe a delay time before a GUV in contact with the solid surface eventually ruptures. The rupture kinetics and subsequent spreading dynamics is controlled by the ionic screening within the thin film of liquid between the vesicle and the surface. Different rupture mechanisms, mobilities of the spreading vesicle, and degrees of substrate coverage are observed by varying the electrolyte concentration, solid surface charge, and osmolarity mismatch. Antonio Perazzo Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University Date submitted: 29 Jul 2017 Electronic form version 1.4


Satisfaction with a contraceptive method constitutes an important factor in its acceptance and long‐term use. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between user satisfaction with the 20‐μg/day levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) and the bleeding patterns reported at two different time‐points during follow‐up.


The preparation methods of some new silicone release agent in recent years were summarized,and the applications of silicone release agents were introduced. In addition,the research direction of silicone release agents was pointed out.


The permanent mould was used and a series of meas ur es was adopted to produce super-heavy ductile iron sections bigger than450× 450mm.As a result,the technical requirements were reached.


The paper discusses stylistic techniques and means of creating a language game on the example of the novel "I am not Pan Jinlian" (2012) by Liu Zhenyun. The emphasis is on the search for new orderings in the language game within the framework of the artistic universe. Studies of Liu Zhenyun's artistic discourse today are included in various linguistic, literaryand cultural landscapes, but they are fragmentary in nature and are presented, as a rule, on local material. The language, artistic features and idiosyncrasy of the writer can be considered practically unexplored, which determines the relevance of this study. The linguistic features of the language game in the works of Liu Zhenyun are consistently considered at three levels in this study. Metaphors, oxymorons, irony, etc. are analyzed at the level of the use of artistic means and techniques. At the structural and functional level, attention is focused on the formal structure and organization of the artistic fabric of the text, some stylistic and syntactic aspects of the language game, parallel constructions and techniques (zeugma, chiasm, anacoluf, parallelisms, ekphrasis, etc.) are analyzed. At the cognitive-discursive level, attention is paid primarily to the problem of the organization of the conceptual-semantic space of the text and the disclosure of its laws, as well as its integration and synthesis with non-linguistic sciences - philology, psychology, cultural studies, etc. The mixed methods used in the article allowed us to obtain results that are productive from the point of view of the possibilities of structural- functional and discursive analysis of artistic material. The obtained data and conclusions open up wide opportunities for further analysis of the language game in artistic discourse.


Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to obtain a big SAR target set with different angles, a sample-free SAR target detection method is proposed in this paper. This new method adopts PSIFT features with rotation invariance to describe the texture of potential targets, and divides the features of potential targets into target regions and non-target regions through NCM clustering. This method proposed of this paper can realize the automatic detection of SAR targets, and is also effective for targets with different orientation. The experimental results verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.


Introduction. Adolescents are individuals aged between 10-19 years. This phase is characterised by rapid growth, sexual maturation, and sexual exploration. These behaviours expose sexually active adolescent girls to a greater risk of unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortion, and sexually transmitted infections. This study aimed to assess the determinants of contraceptives uptake among adolescent girls in Homa Bay County in Kenya with specific objectives assessing the level of awareness, uptake as well as evaluating the factors affecting the sexual & reproductive health service provision to adolescent girls in the region. Result: A cross-sectional survey was done targeting 385 girls and 32 health facilities. The response rate was 100%, with the level of knowledge on contraceptives at 97.6%. The main sources of knowledge on contraceptives were from teachers in schools (30%), peers (17.2%) and media. 70% of the respondents were in a heterosexual relationship of which 58.6% preferred male condom use as their contraceptive method of choice, while the use of pills was the least at 0.6%. The majority (57.9%) of the girls did not practice safer sex exposing them to a higher risk of Sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies. Discussions: The level of contraceptive uptake significantly varied from one sub-county to the other (p < 0.005), with the sub-counties in the Islands of Lake Victoria such as Suba sub-counties having up to 80% lesser chance of their girls using any form of contraceptives (OR = 0.2; CI: 0.2–0.8). Major barriers were the fear of side effects (51.8%) and self-stigmatisation (13.4 %). Health facilities were the main source of contraceptives (77.1%); however, the study noted a lack of youth-friendly services that would favour increased access. Further, there was a complete lack of knowledge on adolescent sexual and reproductive health policies and procedures among the girls (39.6%). Conclusion: Misinformation, cultural perception on the use of contraceptives among adolescents, and lack of youth-friendly services in health facilities are key drivers to the underutilisation of contraceptives by adolescent girls in Homabay county. Adolescents from the island stand a higher risk of non-utilisation of contraceptives compared to their mainland counterparts. Recommendations: There is a need for strengthened youth-friendly comprehensive sexual health education and services in all health facilities with more emphasis on risk reduction interventions and sensitisation of young girls on the available policies. Mechanisms should be availed, specifically to reach the "hard to reach" adolescent populations in the islands.


Weathering is an important factor leading to the deterioration of mechanical properties of rocks,and the sensitive indices of weathering are the basis for quantificationally evaluating weathering degrees of rocks and determinging the depth of rock weathering.In this paper,based on a large number of chemical test data of rock samples under different weathering grades,time and different depths,the sensitive chemical weathering indices are studied.The study indicates that among the chemical weathering indices previously proposed,WI,WPI and LOI,show apparent monotonicity and sensitivity corresponding to the variations of weathering degree,time and depth.Therefore,the three indices can be used to evaluate the weathering degree of rock,and to determine the depth of weathering.Otherwise,ALK,a and b show no monotonicity corresponding to the variation of weathering degree,so they can not be used to evaluate the weathering degree of rock and determine the depth of weathering,either.


The effects of exopolysaccharide from Armillaria mellea(AMEP) on the immunological function of mice were studied.The results showed that ig AMEP at the dosages of 200,400 mg/kg d and lentinan at the dosage of 100 mg/kg d respectively increased the weight of immune organs.AMEP could significantly increase percentage and index of the phagocytosis of macrophage,remarkbly enhance the delayed type hypersensitivity(DTH) reaction and the content of serum hemolysis in the immunosuppressive mice.The results proved that AMEP could enhance the immunological function of mice.


GaAs micro crystals in line were grown on a sulfur-terminated GaAs surface by low energy focused ion beam. Ga ions, picked out from a liquid Ga ion source, were accelerated up to 10 KV to obtain a focused ion beam. The ions were given a positive bias to reduce their kinetic energy by retarding lens.The Ga ions landed on the surface softly and formed a series of Ga droplets. By subsequent As molecule supply to the Ga droplet, GaAs micro crystals in line were grown. This method was found to be useful to make fine structures directly on the semiconductor materials.


Decomposing a non-manifold shape into its almost manifold components is a powerful tool for analyzing its complex structure. Many techniques for decomposing a non-manifold shape are available in the current literature, and provide a structural model, which exposes its non-manifold singularities, as well as the connectivity of its relevant subcomponents, connected through the singularities. However, the majority of the decompositions are static, and are not automatically updated, if the corresponding non-manifold shape is modified by an editing operator. In many cases, the resulting decomposition is recomputed from scratch without reusing the unchanged portions of the existing decomposition. In this paper, we describe how updating automatically a specific decomposition of a non-manifold shape. Here, we show that our approach may be useful for adapting many geometry processing techniques also to non-manifold shapes, where several problems may arise. One of the most promising applications consists of defining a multiresolution version for the specific structural model of interest, due to its good topological properties.


The effect of grain boundary misorientation on intergranular Radiation-Induced Segregation (RIS) in an Fe-15Cr-20Ni alloy was studied using a high voltage electron microscope (HVEM) at Hokkaido University HVEM facility and a rate equation model for RIS which incorporated grain boundary sink strength. The tilt grain boundaries were chosen for the present study. It was observed that after electron irradiation with 3x10 -3 dpa/s to 3 dpa at both temperatures of 623 K and 723 K, RIS was enhanced as the tilt angle increases but was suppressed at coincidence grain boundaries (Σ9 and Σ3). The present result indicates that one needs explicitly to consider the grain boundary sink strength for point defects as an important factor affecting radiation induced grain boundary phenomena.


From September 16 to September 21, 1997, the Oregon Department of Transportation closed the northbound portion of the Interstate-5 Columbia River Bridge between Vancouver, Washington, and Portland, Oregon, to repair a cracked trunnion. The traffic management plan was based upon the development of a reversible travel lane on the three-lane, southbound span of the bridge. The reversible lane was designed to provide two travel lanes in the peak direction of flow, southbound in the morning and northbound in the afternoon. In addition to the reversible travel lane, other traffic management strategies that were included in the traffic management plan were high occupancy vehicle lanes, increased public transit service, Amtrak commuter train between downtown Vancouver and downtown Portland, and commercial truck access and route changes.


Background Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a significant and independent predictor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in hypertensive subjects and in patients with end-stage renal disease, but its contribution to cardiovascular risk in subjects between 70 and 100 years old has never been tested. Patients A cohort of 124 subjects (mean age: 87 ± 7 years) was studied in two geriatric departments in a Paris suburb. Together with sphygmomanometric blood pressure measurements, aortic PWV was measured using a validated automatic device. Results Blood pressure, heart rate and body mass index, but not age, explained 48% of the PWV variability in this cohort. Furthermore, PWV was the major factor predicting the presence of CVD. The adjusted odds ratio was 17.44 (95% confidence intervals: 2.52–120.55). Antihypertensive drug therapy and low plasma albumin level had only an additive role. Blood pressure, particularly pulse pressure, had no predictive value. Conclusion In 70–100-year-old subjects, aortic PWV is a strong independent marker of CVD, a finding that remains to be to confirmed by long-term longitudinal studies.


e18282Background: UT MD Anderson Cancer Center began participating in the Press Ganey survey in 2014, and the initial feedback was disappointing. Imaging outpatient services scores were lower than ...


An electric field analysis of a dilute NaCl solution for Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique (SVET) is performed by using a model which is based on a mathematical description of the physical mechanisms including ionic migration and diffusion. A cylindrical problem is solved using a finite difference method and Runge-Kutta method. The computational results show that the el ectric potential gradient decreases significantly with time. This phenomenon cannot be explained by the conductance change due to ion distribution. It is found that the ionic diffusion has an important role in it.The model is applied to a two-dimensional problem, in which the specimen has two parallel electrode plates in a resin. It is also found that the potential gradient reduces to about one-fifth of initial value or the result predicted by the conventional model with uniform electrolyte solution. A comparison between the results obtained by SVET and the computational results shows good agreement.


I would like to discuss the nature of the work being done at the University of Oklahoma on wind-power generation and on systems associated with the use of nonpolluting energy sources. Our activities are primarily student-oriented programs aimed at specific educational goals. They result from a conviction that wind power represents the most practical way to harness solar energy. The fact that Oklahoma is more than generously endowed with wind is also clearly a factor.


Socially assistive robotics has experienced a steadily growing interest over the last decade. Mobile robots with sensors and external sensing devices, which may also be integrated synergistically, enable a human-like interaction with the environment. As a precondition for assisting a person, a robot needs to navigate to the position of the person first. To achieve this, the robot needs to localize the target person and itself; calculate an optimal trajectory; and adapt its motion in real time during navigation. Despite advances in mobile robotics, autonomous indoor robot navigation is still challenging. Due to the high complexity of the real world and possible dynamical changes, it is hard to localize a person or a robot robustly in an unconstrained environment. Sophisticated sensor systems can improve the localization, but will increase the system costs significantly and require a person with expert knowledge for setup. On the other hand, although it is a mature research field, robot autonomous navigation still relies on artificial landmarks and the accuracy of sensor signals. This limits the flexibility and the robustness of robot navigation as well. In addition to navigation in cluttered environments, a robot needs to cope with dynamic conditions while taking into account the presence of


In the present work, binary mixtures of bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium acetate + water and monoethanolamine + bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium acetate were prepared with different compositions, and their densities were measured over the temperature range from (303.15 to 353.15) K. Excess molar volumes were calculated using the measured density values and correlated using a Redlich-Kister-type polynomial equation.


PaveSim, a dynamic simulation environment, has been created to help develop performance-based operations policy. Integrated into PaveSim is another simulation program called TruckSim, which was developed at the University of Michigan to model heavy vehicles. Using the dynamic wheel loads from TruckSim, PaveSim simulates the performance of jointed concrete pavements. RigidPav, a finite element program, performs the detailed calculation of deflections and stresses in the pavement. Within the PaveSim environment it is possible to quickly vary vehicle parameters such as number of axles and axle spacing, suspension type and characteristics, and payload and distribution. We can also estimate the effects on pavement life of pavement characteristics such as thickness, subgrade support, and joint types. This report presents an overview of the PaveSim environment and its user interface. Most of the report is written as a PaveSim tutorial to be used by pavement designers and policymakers in state and federal departments of transportation.


To improve the lateral resolution in microscopic imaging, microspheres are placed close to the object' s surface in order to support the imaging process by optical near-field information. Although microsphere-assisted measurements are part of various recent studies, no generally accepted explanation for the effect of microspheres exists. Photonic nanojets, enhancement of the numerical aperture, whispering-gallery modes and evanescent waves are usually named reasons in context with microspheres, though none of these effects is proven to be decisive for the resolution enhancement. We present a simulation model of the complete microscopic imaging process of microsphere-enhanced interference microscopy including a rigorous treatment of the light scattering process at the surface of the specimen. The model consideres objective lenses of high numerical aperture providing 3D conical illumination and imaging. The enhanced resolution and magnification by the microsphere is analyzed with respect to the numerical aperture of the objective lenses. Further, we give a criterion for the achievable resolution and demonstrate that a local enhancement of the numerical aperture is the most likely reason for the resolution enhancement.


This study aims to examine the relief of peacock motifs at the gate of Paduraksa I and PaduraksaII tomb complex of Sunan Sendang Duwur Paciran Lamongan which includes (1) visual reliefof peacock motifs, (2) the meaning of relief of peacock motifs, and (3) aesthetic value reliefof peacock motifs. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods with data collectiontechniques, observations, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis using sign analysis ortextual analysis. The results of this study include: visual relief forms of peacock motifs at thegate of Paduraksa I and Paduraksa II at the Sunan Sendang Duwur tomb are ornaments witha floristic style that has undergone Islamization, namely the shape of ornamentation informedof the flora motif into the shape of a peacock animal. The meaning of relief in the tombcomplex of Sunan Sendang Duwur basically gives a picture of how human relations with humans,human relations with nature and the relationship between humans and their Lord. This reliefalso provides a description of the symbols of life that is about courage, knowledge, protection,protection, greatness, strength and justice. This relief also gives us an idea that this tomb complexis a gathering of holy spirits, the final resting place from human to human journey to face Godin another sense that the Sunan Sendang Duwur tomb complex is a sacred/ sacred place, so wemust not carelessly take action or acts that violate the applicable ethics. The aesthetic valuescontained in the reliefs in the tomb complex of Sunan Sendang Duwur, which is a picture ofa journey to holiness and also a picture of the division of nature, that is physical, spiritual andconscience. From the analysis it can be concluded that the relief of the tomb complex of SunanSendang Duwur has a form of ornamentation with a floristic style that is Islamized both interms of visual form, meaning and aesthetic values contained therein connected with Islamicteachings in the form of the teachings about God.


I present light curves for two detached eclipsing binary stars in the region of the LMC cluster NGC 1850, which is possibly a young globular cluster still in formation. One, a likely O‐type star, is a newly detected eclipsing binary in the region of the very young subcluster NGC 1850A. This binary is among a small number of highly massive O‐type stars in binary systems found in LMC clusters. These two eclipsing binaries are the first to be discovered in the well‐studied NGC 1850, and the O‐type star is the first eclipsing binary found in NGC 1850A. Light curves for two Cepheid variables in the NGC 1850 region are also shown. The discovery of two eclipsing binaries in the young globular‐like cluster NGC 1850 is discussed in terms of the importance of the binary fraction to globular cluster evolution.


Despite the choice provided by Maori medium education in New Zealand, and decades of educational reforms and policies such as multiculturalism and biculturalism, there has been little if any shift in the educational disparities that afflict the large proportion of Maori students who attend mainstream schools since they were first statistically identified over 40 years ago. This article considers the usefulness, for educational reform, of theories that draw from 'culturalist' or 'structuralist' discourses and suggests that while they may present necessary conditions for educational reform, they may not provide conditions that are sufficient. It is then suggested that theories and models of reform that draw from relational discourses may provide sufficient conditions for educational reform. The article then provides a model that addresses the concerns of both culturalist and structuralist positions for educational reform at classroom, school and system-wide levels.


Objective:To investigate the efficacy of reconstruction plates in pilon fractures.Methods:A total of 31 patients with pilon fractures underwent fixation with reconstruction plates.Results: The 31 patients have been postoperatively followed up for 3~31months.According fo Mazur standard,the ankle function was excellent in 25 cases,good in 6 cases and fair in 4 cases and rate of excellent and good was 89%.Conclusions: Using reconstruction plates to treat pilon fractures can achieve good results.


• In children aged 0–12 years of age, strategies focusing on diet or activity levels were shown to be effective in reducing weight and improving body mass index (BMI) z scores. • Conversely, neither dietary nor physical activity interventions alone or combined were shown to be successful in the older group aged 13–18 years. • The quality of this evidence was 'moderate' for children aged 0–5 years of age, 'low' for 6–12 year olds and 'moderate' for the adolescent group. • There were no significant adverse outcomes reported in children aged 6–18 years of age for body satisfaction, the number of children designated as underweight or number of visits to a health-care provider • For mental health outcomes, depression risk was reduced in the intervention groups and in the 13–18 year old group there were no negative effects on feelings of self-worth, levels of anxiety or binge eating (Table 1)


The multiple-element gamma assay (MEGA) is a low-background detector designed to support environmental monitoring and national security applications. MEGA also demonstrates technology needed for Majorana, a next generation neutrino mass experiment. It will employ active and passive shielding to reduce backgrounds. It will also exploit multicoincidence signatures to identify specific radioactive isotopes. MEGA is expected to begin testing in late 2003 for eventual installation at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, Carlsbad, NM.


Sensor networks are highly distributed networks of small, lightweight wireless nodes, deployed in large numbers to monitor the environment or system by the measurement of physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, or relative humidity. Building sensors have been made possible by the recent advances in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. The sensor nodes are similar to that of a computer with a processing unit, limited computational power, limited memory, sensors, a communication device and a power source in form of a battery. In a typical application, a WSN is scattered in a region where it is meant to collect data through its sensor nodes. The applications of sensor networks are endless, limited only by the human imagination.


The utility model provides a breathable comfortable outdoor shoe comprising a shoe sole and an upper. The shoe sole is an integrated PU sole and is provided with an arc heel concave portion, an arc longitudinal arch convex portion, a micro-arc-shaped concave portion and an arc transverse arch convex portion, wherein the arc heel concave portion is matched with the heel, the arc longitudinal arch convex portion is matched with the longitudinal arch of the arch of the foot, the micro-arc-shaped concave portion is matched with the half sole, and the arc transverse arch convex portion is matched with the transverse arch of the arc of the foot. The upper is of a three-layer structure and comprises a waterproof leather layer, a breathable lining cloth layer and a velvet lining layer from outside to inside in sequence. A triangular climbing supporting belt protruding upwards is arranged on the outer edge of the shoe sole and located on the portion corresponding to the longitudinal arc of the arc of the foot, a triangular hollowed-out portion is arranged in the middle of the triangular climbing supporting belt, and an arc-shaped reinforcing sheet is arranged in the heel of the upper and is matched with the shape of the ankle. The shoe sole of the outdoor shoe is highly matched with the sole of the foot, the breathable comfortable outdoor shoe is more comfortable and more fit when a wear walks, stepping is more forceful, the heel and the ankle can be protected, the waterproof performance and the breathability are good, and the firmness degree of the adhesion portion between the upper and the shoe sole is good.


Translation of the books is one of the main cause of Westernization Group in the Westernization Movement. And Christian missionaries are the main force. They introduced the modern textbooks to westernization schools and made them more standardized and scientific. On the other hand, they propagated western science and technology actively, edited and translated western books, which affected the changes of the notion of Chinese scholastic class and the social value. What they had done promoted westernization education to the depth and accelerated the disintegration of the imperial examination system.


Abstract Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a congenital diagnosis that necessitates immediate intervention at the beginning of life to ensure survival past infancy and to optimize left-side cardiac function. Often, these required procedures can lead to deleterious side effects and resultant complications. In this case report, we present a 15-month-old patient with HLHS who underwent multiple procedures, including two aortic arch surgeries. After the interventions, the patient experienced left main pulmonary bronchus compression along with pulmonary artery stenosis. In this case, we outline an approach to performing vascular dilation without compromise of airway patency.


In this paper, we propose a new quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)-based filter-bank multicarrier (FBMC) system, called Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP)-FBMC. The main objective of the proposed system is to enable to use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques with maintaining fundamental strengths of FBMC system. It removes residual interference of the FBMC system by employing THP-based successive interference cancellation method with previously known residual interference coefficient. We firstly formulate the FBMC transceiver as a matrix and transform it into a lower triangular matrix. From the linear formulation, we apply THP-based successive interference cancellation method. Performance evaluations show that the proposed THP-FBMC system outperforms the conventional FBMC-QAM system in terms of out-of-band emission (OOBE) and bit error rate (BER) under MIMO environment.


The development status,mechanism and influence factors of micro-arc oxidation and hydrothermal treatment were introduced.The advantages and difficulties at the present stage were systematically analyzed.Finally,the applications of micro-arc oxidation and hydrothermal treatment were prospected.


In this study, TI(Toxic Index) of Daphnia toximeter corresponded to ecological toxicity standard 1 TU(Toxic Unit) was set up using Daphnia toximeter and when operating NOEC(water quality standards for drinking water) and EC50 Daphnia toximeter alarm was issued appropriately, which enables real time ecological toxicity evaluation. I studied to get a good shot and the research was conducted by investigating domestic and international related data and conducting a preliminary study. 6 of 59 hazardous substances (As, Hg, Cr, Diazinon, Dioxane, and Phenol) recommended by the water quality monitoring items for artificial river water were selected and static, dynamic and quality management test, TI was shown to be good in other materials except Diazinon, and as a result of EC50 spiking test, TI was matched to TU by distinguishing between 1 TU and 1 TU. in suggesting the complementary point of ecological toxicity management system and the future of research on water Daphnia toximeter.


By studying the angular distribution of the shower particles, the energy of the primary particles is estimated with emulsion plate techniques on the assumption of a nucleon-nucleon collision. It is concluded that the meson production on an average occurs as if the incident proton suffered a collision with a particle within the nucleus, of mass number greater than 1.08 proton mass units. (auth)


An efficient palladium-catalyzed phosphonyldifluoromethylation of alkenes with bromodifluoromethylphosophonate is described. The method provides a facile access to a series of phosphonyldifluoromethylated alkenes that are of interest in medicinal chemistry. Mechanistic studies reveal that a phosphonyl difluouromethyl radical is involved in the reaction.


Objective:To analyzed the pathogenesis and prognosis of the HID with asphyxia and to investigate the treatment for improving the prognosis.Methods:86 cases of neonatal HID with asphyxia admitled from Jan 2000 to Den 2002, were analyzed.Results:All of these 86 cases with neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)(100%).26 were hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy with myocardial injury (HIE+HIM)(30.2%), 12 were hypoxic-ischemic with renal injury (HIE+HIR)(13.6%) and 48 were hypoxic-ischemic with myocardial injury and with renal injury (HIE+HIM+HIR)(55.5%). After given to continually treatment of "three maintain and three control" early, 72 neonates survived (survival rate 83.7%), 11 died (mortality 12.8%) and 3 abandoned (abandoned rate 3.5%).The mortality(13%) is higher in the group of fetal ischemia and anoxia than that in the group of infants anoxia (χ2=9.429,P0.01)and the prognosis of fetal ischemia group is also poor(χ2=4.031,P0.05). Moreover, in the group of high normal-glucemia (5.5~6.9 mmol/L), the prognosis is much better than that in the group of low normal-glucemia (2.2~3.7 mmol/L),and taken by statistics(χ2=5.64,P0.05), two of them are obviously different; the prognosis of the high normal-glucemia group(5.5~6.9 mmol/L)is also better than that of middle normal-glucemia group(3.8~5.4 mmol/L), and there is obvious difference (χ2=4.50, P0.05). Nevertheless, the prognosis in the group of middle normal-glucemia (3.8~5.4 mmol/L) is not quite different from it in the group of low normal-glucemia (2.2~3.7 mmol/L)(χ2=0.09,P0.05),.Conclusion:Both the prognosis of fetal HID with the ischemia-anoxia and the HID with middle normal-glucemia or low normal-glucemia are poor. Therefore, using the "three maintain and three control" therapy early, especially keeping the high normal-glucemia is very important for improving the rate of successful emergency treatment to HID.


ordinary degree of physiological instinct and insight. He was an advanced theologian as well as an advanced anatomist and physiologist. Servetus is to be regarded as the actual discoverer of the circulation of the blood through the lungs; and not only so, he had a correct if limited idea of the chemical changes which the blood underwent in the lungs and by which it is purified. After explaining that the source of the blood is in the right ventricle of the heart, and that the vital spirit represents the most subtle part of the blood and of the air which insinuates itself into the lungs, he observes :?" But the communication, that is to say, the passage of the blood from the right to the left ventricle, does not take place across the middle septum, as persons have generally imagined; it depends upon a more singular structure. In the long winding of the lungs this subtle blood is agitated, and prepared by


Laser emission with 80% slope efficiency (78% input-to-output) under Ti:sapphire pumping and 75% slope efficiency for absorbed power under diode laser pumping into emitting level at 880 nm have been demonstrated in a 1.0-at.% Nd:YVO/sub 4/ crystal.


This article is researching after the root of Zhajiangmian. Chinesecuisine in Korea is rooted on Lucai & Jiaodongbang or Fushanbang. Gonghechun & Zhonghualou have the same root. Furthermore theopenning of Yantai Port deeply influenced on the development ofYantaiCuisine. The naming of Gonghechun in 1912 is a byproduct of XinhaiRevolution on the network of chinese overseas in the cities?Incheon,Yantai, Nagasaki, Kobe where chinese have lived. As such, the relocationto present situation of Gonghechun in 1917 and the openning ofZhonghualou in 1918 are coincided with the influx of shandong coolie.


BS>Ammonium, sulfate, carbonate, nitrate, oxalate, and sulfate salts of yttrium, lanthanum, and cerium were analyzed thermogravimetrically. The temperature ranged from room ing at a rate of 2.5 deg C per minute, and some of the salts were subjected to additional rates of 5 or 10 deg C per minute. The decomposition sequences were identified, and the temperatures of formation of intermediate compounds and of the oxides were determined. The minimum oxide formation temperature of a given lanthanum salt exceeds that for the similar salt of yttrium, and both exceed that for the same salt of cerium except for one cerium carbonate. Variation of the heating rate indicates a thermal lag in the materials and produces the shift of formation temperatures to higher values and loss of resolution in the weight-loss distribution as the heating rate increases. (auth)


This paper reviews today's algorithms about multi-view reconstruction.Firstly,the classification and evaluation methods for multi-view reconstruction are introduced.Secondly,some constraints,such as photo-consistency and visibility, are analyzed.Then,some typical algorithms are discussed,such as depth map,space carving,deformable model,objective function optimization(including the level set method,graph cuts method),seed-growing method,and probability estimation method(including Markov-field method,EM method).Some shortcomings in all of these algorithms are discussed.A new 3D reconstruction idea integrating some of aforementioned reconstruction methods and reconstruction cues is proposed to improve the integrity and accuracy of multi-view reconstruction.


An acoustic-velocity based computational scheme is presented in this paper to simulate propagations of waves in a frictionless fluid. The strong form of dynamical equations is derived using the laws of momentum balance, the law of thermodynamic states and the divergence theorem. The Galerkin approach is used to obtain the preferred integral form of wave equations in connection with the finite element procedure. As an example application, a nine-node higherorder isoparametric finite element is employed to model a 2D aeroacoustic system interacting with a smooth and rigid vibrating piston/speaker at one face and with a sound-absorbing and reacting boundary on another face. The strong interactions between the fluid and moving boundaries are modelled through adaptive meshing and enforcement of no-separation condition in the direction normal to the fluid-boundary interface. In the tangential direction, the boundaries are considered smooth and allow for free slippage of fluid particles. The second order differential wave equations for the aeroacoustic problem are discretized in the time domain using the implicit Newmark integration scheme, and solved using a banded solver.


A fungal isolate was newly collected from Zoysiagrass 'Anyang-Joongji' in small circular patches on a fairway ofa golf course in Korea, which seriously occurred during the early summer period of 2005. The isolate presented on PDAmedium, named Scz1, was closely identical to Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, a casual fungus of dollar spot disease, in cool season turf grasses such as creeping bentgrass. Hereby, this study was accomplished to characterize the isolate and compare it with the fungus, named Scb1, isolated from dollar spot-infected creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds. cv Penncross). On PDAmedium, individual mycelial appearance of three isolates was very similar except for the pigment. Mycelial pigments of Scz1 and Scz2 (another analogous isolate collected) were light pinkish on the reverse side of PDA medium but that of Scb1 was dark brownish. In a microscopic study, three isolates were barely distinguishable in the appearance of mycelia. As expected, in the temperaturesensitivity assay, all pathogens were very delicate to 32℃ above but not to 30℃ below, in which was explained to be one of typical characteristics in S. homoeocarpa. In an artificial inoculation assay, disease symptoms including leaf spots in Zoysiagrass were appeared within 6-7 days after inoculation through the hand inoculation method with the isolate-infested soil. Then the fungus was re-identified from the infected leaf tissues. Interestingly, inoculation of isolate Scz1 gave rise to distinct symptoms in only Zoysiagrass but not in creeping bentgrass 'Penncross' and Kentucky bluegrass 'Midnight'. The observation might be involved in host specific pathogenecity of S. homoeocarpa Scz1 to Zoysiagrass. In a chemical sensitivity assay for the isolate, Scz1, showed a high mycelial inhibition against two fungicides, iprodione and propiconazole. All results described above suggest that S. homoeocarpa Scz1 is a primary pathogen of Zoysia dollar spot disease.


This purpose of this study is to explore the effect of technology improvement on land use in Hunan province,providing a scientific reference for enhancing the intensity of land use.Method of dynamic econometric model was developed based on extended STIRPAT model through measuring the comprehensive index of land use and technology improvement.The results show that there is a long-term equilibrium relationship among land use,technology improvement,non-agricultural GDP per capita,and population size.Although there is a lag effect of technology improvement on land use intensity and structure,it surely plays a significantly positive role on land investment intensity,land use efficiency and the comprehensive index of land use in short and long term.Technology improvement has thus become one of the most important factors for land intensive use.The paper concludes that to enhance the overall level of technology improvement,optimize the industrial structure and economic agglomeration,and strengthen the land supervision are all helpful for improving the intensity of land use in Hunan province.


Simulation software has experienced growing interest in chemical engineering curriculums for its usage in commercial engineering practices.  This article describes the ASPEN Plus® version 10 (V10) simulations and a student teach students approach to integrate ASPEN in the chemical engineering curriculum at the University of Kansas (KU). Videos, handouts, and lectures created by the first author, an undergraduate senior, effectively teaches ASPEN to other chemical engineering students and enhances the learning experience of the classroom.


This article examines notions of identity in central Europe during the 'long' 19th century and the role of law in defining and in reinforcing the boundaries of the nation. During the 19th century, nationalist thinking in Hungary tended to focus on characteristics such as language, culture and political allegiance rather than on race, ancestry or religion. Consequently, membership of the nation was not necessarily fixed at birth. This inclusive model of the nation contrasts markedly with the rigid, racially informed theories of identity that were to prove so seductive in Hungary, as in much of continental Europe, in the inter-war era and during the Second World War. The article goes on to consider the extent to which the apparently inclusive conception of the Hungarian nation was embedded in social and economic practice as well as in the statute books. Notwithstanding the passage of comprehensive emancipation laws, the evidence suggests that Jews were not readily admitted to public sector employment of various kinds. Thus, the liberal Hungarian laws of this period served, at least in part, to mask rather than to transform illiberal social and economic practices. The article concludes by briefly examining contemporary notions of nationhood in central Europe and the extent to which these have transcended 19th-or early 20th-century ideas concerning national identity.


Review of: The Aesthetics of Meaning and Thought: The Bodily Roots of Philosophy, Science, Morality, and Art, Mark Johnson (2018)Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 304 pp.,ISBN 978-0-22653-894-5, p/bk, USD 30


The case of a 76 year old lady with bacteraemia and persistent back pain is presented. Due to the presence of notable comorbidities, she was initially managed as a case of possible infective endocarditis and severe osteoarthritis of the lumbar spine but subsequently found to have infective discitis. Both infective endocarditis and infective discitis represent conditions that require a high index of suspicion, early diagnosis and institution of appropriate management so as to prevent the development of potentially serious complications. A discussion on the evaluation of patients with infective discitis is presented highlighting some potential pitfalls and diagnostic cautions for the clinician.


The application of the activation entropy in deducing structures of activation complex compounds and mechanism of reactions as well as the influence of the activation entropy on the reaction rate have been discussed.


D iabetes is often associated with hypertension and alterations in sodium handling by the kidney. Multiple mechanisms may contribute to the reduced ability of the diabetic kidney to excrete sodium, including activation of the intrarenal renin–angiotensin system, particularly the Ang II-AT1 receptor axis, other peptidergic systems and stimulation of the sympathetic system. An important pathological consequence of diabetes is the progressive loss of glomerular integrity that leads to excessive filtration of a number of circulating proteins into the tubular fluid that contribute to or exacerbate tubular injury. These filtered proteins encompass various proteases such as plasmin that may potentially activate sodium channels on the apical face of the renal epithelium to facilitate sodium reabsorption. In the current issue of the Journal of Hypertension, Andersen et al. [1] sought to establish whether increased filtration of the protease plasmin in type 1 diabetic patients contributes to excessive sodium retention by activation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). The authors assessed two diabetic cohorts with established nephropathy and those without nephropathy regarding urinary plasmin levels, as well as the blood pressure (BP) and sodium responses to the ENaC-inhibitor amiloride. The rationale for the current investigation is that excessive filtration of plasmin by the nephropathy patients would subsequently lead to greater activation of ENaC versus the non-nephropathy group with structurally intact glomeruli. These studies extend previously published work by the authors and others regarding the inappropriate filtration of proteases in various disorders that may lead to activation of ENaC [2–5]. Indeed, the present study established that significantly higher levels of plasmin protein are evident in the urine of the nephropathy patients. Both patient groups were maintained on a defined sodium diet of 200 mmol/day for 4 days followed by a 2-day treatment with amiloride. Urinary levels of amiloride were


OBSTETRICS 32. The pH of Mammary Secretions in Late Pregnancy and the Early Puerperium. (Odraz PHYSIOLOGY OF PREGNANCY biologickk pfipravy porodu v sekretu mleEne 3 1 . Serum Isocitrate-dehydrogenase during Normal il8zy.) Pregnancy and Labour. (Die Serum-IsozitratdehydroPAPEZ, L., STRIBRNY, J., CITTERBART, K., and genase in der physiologischen Schwangerschaft und JIRASKOVA, E. (1969) : Ceskoslovenska Gynekologie, unter der Geburt.) 34(9), 550-552. 3 figs. 12 refs. KRAUSSOLD, E., WODRIG, W., SAREMBE, B., The pH of mammary secretions was determined PIETSCH, P. and HORKY, Z . (1969): Zentralblatt f i r daily in 58 patients near term and shortly after Gynakologie, 91, 1289-1293. 4 Oct. 1 fig. 16 refs. delivery. A statistically significant drop in pH was Isocitrate-dehydrogenase (ICD) is a normal seen several days before delivery, the lowest values histochemical constituent of the placenta and the being reached on the first day post partum. endometrium, and is also found in the serum. At the Gynaecological Clinic of the University of Greifswald (East Germany) the serum ICD activity of 60 pregnant and 60 non-pregnant women was determined. In all cases, disorders of liver function were excluded as they are associated with raised serum ICD activity. ICD activity was greater during the 39th to 40th week Of pregnancy than during the first trimester. The highest values were obtained during labour. Post-partum, somewhat variable but declining values were found. From the Authors' Summary


In this paper we depart from a number of critiques that have been addressed against both cultural studies in general and a number of historical methodologies like new historicism and cultural materialism In particular. While representatives of the former have been chided for their overt a-historicism, the a-theoretical empiricism of a number of representatives of the latter has been just as much a target of critique. The reproaches are certainly not unfounded. And when we look at some recent publications, it appears there is little in the way of improvement Yet we also realize the possible benefits and advantages of those recent developments within cultural criticism and therefore this paper wants to propose a kind of rapprochement between the two developments: this is a plea for a thoroughly historical, yet theoretically grounded form of cultural analysis of which Catherine Belsey's work seems to the example par excellence.


Synopsis The cyclopentadecapeptide, c(VPGVG),, a model structure for protein type-I1 8-turns [W. J. Cook et al. (1980) J. Am. Chem. SOC. 102, 5502-55051, has been investigated by laser Raman spectroscopy. Data obtained from both normal and deuterated crystals identify amide I, 111, 1', and 111' bands characteristic of the B(1I)turn. The structurally related polypentapeptide poly(WGVG) in normal and deuterated f o m has also been investigated, and exhibits the same Raman amide bands as c(VPGVG),. The coacervate of poly(VPGVG), obtained by heating the solution to 40°C, likewise exhibits a Raman spectrum very similar to that of the C(VPGVG)~ crystal. Raman spectra thus indicate closely similar secondary structures for crystalline c(VPGVG), and aqueous poly(VPGVG), and provide an empirical basis for interpreting the conformation sensitive amide bands of globular proteins in terms of B(1I)turn structures that may be present. An important conclusion from the present findings is that the amide I Raman profile of a protein may not be su5cient in general to distinguish turns from helix and sheet secondary structures, since the major amide I peaks of the /3(II)turn at 1676 and 1652 ax-' overlap, respectively, with amide I profiles generated by 8-sheet and a-helix conformations.


A Cambrian System limestone aquifer had a distance about 80m to No. F16. 17seam in No. 8 Mine and a safety mining in F group seam of No. 2 Level would be affected by a water pressure of 3. 9MPa. In order to ensure a safety pressurized mining,an experience and theoretical calculation was applied to analyze the failure and deformation conditions of the floor strata during the mining in the F group seam. An evaluation and analysis was conducted on the water inrush from the floor limestone water. When the water isolated layer had a thickness about 80m,a pressurized safety mining could be realized in F group seam. Based on a normal water drainage and pressure dropping,a transient electromagnetic instrument would be applied to detect the thickness variation of the water isolated layer. When the water isolated layer was getting thinner,a floor grouting and other measures should be conducted to realize the safety mining.


The invention provides a method for realizing pattern scroll bars on a terminal interface and a mobile phone. The method comprises the steps of: entering a standby interface or a screensaver interface of the mobile phone; selecting pattern scroll positions on the standby interface or the screensaver interface of the mobile phone; starting a periodic timer; computing the coordinate position of each pattern according to the pattern scroll positions when the first time of the timer arrives; drawing the patterns at the coordinate positions on the standby interface or the screensaver interface of the mobile phone; clearing the drawn patterns before the next time of the timer arrives, then computing new coordinate positions of the patterns again when the next time of the timer arrives and drawing the patterns at the new coordinate positions; and repeating the operation in sequence so as to realize the scroll effect of the patterns on the standby interface or the screensaver interface. By means of the invention, patterns corresponding to software can be visually and conveniently found.


In order to compute linear wave transformation over a single step bottom, both variational approximation and eigenfunction expansion method are used. Both numerical results are in good agreement for reflection and transmission coefficients, surface displacement respectively. However x velocity profiles at the boundary of step are seen to be different to each other even though x velocity matching condition is used.


This paper reviews the cardiovascular responses of six healthy male subjects to 6 hours in a 5° head‐down bed rest model of weightlessness, and compares these responses to those obtained when subjects were positioned in head‐up tilts of 10°, 20°, and 42°, simulating 1/6, 1/3, and 2/3 G, respectively. Thoracic fluid index, cardiac output, stroke volume, and peak flow were measured using impedance cardiography. Cardiac dimensions and volumes were determined from two‐dimensional guided M‐mode echocardiograms in the left lateral decubitus position at 0, 2, 4, and 6 hours. Cardiovascular responses to a stand test were compared before and after bed rest. The impedance values were related to tilt angle for the first 2 hours of tilt; however, after 3 hours, at all four angles, values began to converge, indicating that cardiovascular homeostatic mechanisms seek a common adapted state, regardless of effective gravity level (tilt angle) up to 2/3 G. Echocardiography revealed that left ventricular end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volume, stroke volume, ejection fraction, heart rate, and cardiac output had returned to control values by hour 6 for all tilt angles. The lack of a significant immediate change in left ventricular end‐diastolic volume, despite decrements in stroke volume (P < .05) and heart rate (not significant), indicates that multiple factors may play a role in the adaptation to simulated hypogravity. The echocardiography data indicated that no angle of tilt, whether head‐down or head‐up for 4 to 6 hours, mimicked exactly the changes in cardiovascular function recorded after 4 to 6 hours of space flight. Changes in left ventricular end‐diastolic volume during space flight and tilt may be similar, but follow a different time course. Nevertheless, head‐down tilt at 5° for 6 hours mimics some (stroke volume, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, and total resistance), but not all, of the changes occurring in an equivalent time of space flight. The magnitude of the change in the mean heart rate response to standing was greater after six hours of tilt at −5° or 10°. Thus, results from the stand test after 6 hours of bed rest at −5° and 10°, but not at 20° or 42°, are similar to those obtained after space flight.


The invention relates to a seasoning product with a chicken flavor and a preparation method of same. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) performing enzymolysis to a chicken by using flavourzyme to obtain chicken zymolyte; (2) mixing 20-30 parts of the chicken zymolyte by weight which is obtained in the step (1) with a raw material which contains 3.4-10.2 parts of yeast extract by weight and an auxiliary material; and (3) reacting the mixture which is obtained in the step (2) under the conditions that the temperature is 85-100 DEG C and the pH value is 4.5-7 for 30-60 minutes, and cooling the mixture. The method is easy to operate; only one protease is used; and the prepared seasoning product has an obvious chicken flavor, is unique in fragrance and mouth feel, and is rich in multiple nutrients.


The population of Yemen stood at 2.02 million in 1984, with an annual growth rate of 2.9%. The infant mortality rate is 137/1000; life expectancy is 46 years. The literacy rate is 32%. The work force of 410,000 is distributed as follows: agriculture and fisheries, 43.8%; industry and commerce, 28%; and services, 28%. In 1984, the gross national product in Yemen was US$1130 million, with an average real growth rate of 7.4% in 1973-83. In 1978, the 3 political parties were amalgamated into the Yemen Socialist Party, which became the only legal party. Until 1982, economic policy was focused on infrastructure development and agricultural self-sufficiency; since that time, there have been efforts to discover and produce oil. Most of the people of Yemen are subsistence farmers or nomadic herders.


This paper dicusses further the choice of the optimal time of a Brownian motion put by artical[1].The iptimal time of a Brownian motion with drift which is approximated by the random walks is discussed again and the optimal time is given.The method of this paper is useful to solving some practical problems.


INTRODUCTION Non fusion techniques for the lumbar spine have become more and more popular. Dynamic posterior stabilization is an alternative to fusion in the treatment of lumbar degenerative diseases. The aims of such techniques are to preserve motion at the joint and restore normal segmental kinetics to the spine. Preclinical biomechanical evaluation of such implants is still an issue. The purpose of this in vitro study was to analyze the influence of new lumbar posterior dynamic stabilisation device (PDSD) on lumbar intersegmental range of motion (ROM) in all the three principal motion planes, and intradiscal pressure (IDP) in flexion-extension. We hypothesized that lumbar stabilization with such a system would cause a decrease in ROM and IDP at the instrumented level. METHODS. Seven fresh frozen lumbar cadaveric spines (L3-S1) were extracted with intact discoligamentous complexes. They were obtained from the University Anatomy Board after approval of the local ethics committee. The specimens were loaded in a spine tester with pure moments of ± 10Nm (steps of 1Nm) in all the three principal motion planes. Four situations were studied: Intact spine, Instrumented spine, Injured spine plus instrumentation, Injured spine. Injury performed included a section of supra and interspinous ligaments, ligamentum flavum, resection of the lower portion of the overlying lamina and upper portion of the underlying lamina. These ligament and bone resection are needed in the surgery of lumbar spinal stenosis treated by fenestration PDSD was installed using the manufacturer's recommended operative procedure. The implant has three rigid titanium alloy elements (TA6Veli): a movable piston rod and a fixed attached to the spine by a pedicle screw, a hollow cylindrical body containing two viscoelastic silicone implants.The screws were inserted into L4 and L5 pedicles. The dynamic rod was secondary fixed to the pedicle screw in the neutral position. Lateral pedicle insertion technique was systematically used. L4-L5 functional unit ROM was recorded using a three-dimensional opto-electronic based motion analysis system (PolarisTM). EOS® low dose stereoradiography was systematically performed before testing for three dimensional reconstruction. Three miniature pressure transducers (Entran EPL B02 100P, Measurement Specialties Les Clayes-sous-Bois, France ) were placed and secured in the intervertebral disc space of L4-L5 (anterior annulus:AA, nucleus pulposus:NP, posterior annulus:PA). Pressure transducers were configured with signal conditioner (National Instrument SCXI 1000). Amplified discal pressures were recorded synchronously on a computer via an analog to digital converter. Statistical analyses were performed by the SPSS version 17.0 software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank tests were run to assess significant differences between the four tested conditions. Statistical results at p<0,05 were considered significant. RESULTS. ROM.(Figure1/2/3) The mean ROM was 9,9± 2,8 (min : 5,9°, max :14) in flexion-extension, 8,3±1,7° (min : 5,5°, max 10,4°) in lateral bending and 6,3°±1,2 (min :4,4, max :7,8°) in axial rotation. Additional implantation of the PDSD system led to a significant reduction in ROM compared to the intact spine : 17% in flexion-extension (p=0,009*), 23,4% in lateral bending (p=0,009*) and 13,6% in axial rotation (p=0,02*). Injury led to a significant increase in ROM compared to the intact spine :39,4% in flexion–extension (p=0,014*), 12,6% in lateral bending (9,2°±1,7, min:6,9° max :11,6° , p=0,009*) and 16,4% in axial rotation (p=0,009*). Injury and dynamic stabilization led to a decrease in ROM compared to the intact spine: 9,7% in flexion–extension (p=0,054), 17,1% in lateral bending (p=0,009*) and 5,2% in axial rotation (p=0,155). Figure n°1 Evolution of ROM in flexion-extension Figure 2: Evolution of ROM in lateral benbing Figure n°3: Evolution of ROM in axial rotation IDP. In neutral position and for the intact configuration, the mean IDP was 0,18MPa±0,04 in the AA, 0,14MPa±0,10 in the NP and 0,13MPa±0,08 in the PA. In flexion, the mean IDP was 0,49 MPa± 0,16 in the AA, 0,26 MPa±0,10 in the NP and 0,20 MPa±0,14 in the PA. In extension, the mean IDP was 0,18MPa±0,04 in the AA, 0,16MPa±0,07 in the NP and 0,19MPa±0,1 in the PA. In extension, IDP significantly decreased in the AA (-24,81% p=0,045*) and in the NP (-20,91% p=0,032*) for instrumented spine. IDP significantly decreased in the AA (-24,81% p=0,045*) and in the NP (20,0% p=0,022*) for injured spine plus instrumentation. In neutral position, IDP significantly decreased in NP (-19,39% p=0,014*) for instrumented spine . IDP significantly decreased in the AA (-12,8% p=0,045*) and in the NP (-21,43% p=0,014) for injuredspine plus instrumentation. No significant change was observed in flexion. DISCUSSION. The first objective of our in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of dynamic stabilization system (with and without decompression) on intervertebral ranges of motion. Intersegmental motions determined in the current study are in the value ranges reported in the literature; this indicates that our testing method and setup were reliable. The investigated PDSD allowed segment stabilization in all three principal motion planes,.. The influence of dynamic stabilization system seems to depend on the biomechanical characteristics of the implant itself. The second goal of this study was to investigate the effects of a dynamic stabilization in the load transfer of the treated segments, through the measurement of intradiscal pressure. Pressure measurements were here performed in three different disc locations, which provided complementary information compared to most in vitro studies where pressure changes are evaluated in the nucleus only. IDP is indeed a non hydrostatic pressure and may vary depending on the sensor position. Load sharing with the intervertebral disc after implantation was found primarily in the neutral position and in extension. Poster No. 748 • ORS 2011 Annual Meeting


The purpose of this paper is to identify managerial practices concerning diverse forms of cross-border employee flows that take place in Polish companies in the process of internationalization. Two dimensions of their international maturity (involvement in foreign activities, and length of time over which they are undertaken) are applied in a comparative analysis covering strategic orientation, policies and procedures concerning international assignments, and use of particular forms of IAs. In part, it confirmed the validity of the assumption of congruity between a company's international maturity and approach to managing IAs.


In this paper, a fast-processing implementation method of the current-ripple-loss-optimized common-mode voltage reduction pulsewidth modulation (CRLO-CMVRPWM) is studied. With the novel sector definitions and the simplified method to solve the constraint nonlinear programming model, the compute burden of the proposed method is reduced by 82.8% and 50.5% for the case where the modulation index is below and above $4\sqrt 3 /9$, respectively. In addition, the effects of the optimized zero-sequence voltage errors caused by the adopted linear fitting strategy are proven to be negligible by studying the harmonic characteristics difference between the fast-processing and original CRLO-CMVRPWM. Simulated and experimental results are given to validate the effectiveness.


In this study, we propose a novel workflow to predict the production of existing and new multi-wells. To perform reliable production forecasting on heterogeneous shale formations, the features of these formations must be analyzed by classifying the formations into various groups; the groups have different production characteristics depending on the key factors that affect the shale formation. In addition, the limited data obtained from nearby existing multi-wells should be used to estimate the production of new wells. The key factors that affect shale formation were derived from the correlation and principal component analysis of available production-related attributes. The production of existing wells was estimated by classifying them into groups based on their production characteristics. These classified groups also identified the relationship between hydraulic fracturing design factors and productivity. To estimate the production of new wells (blind wells), we generated groups with different production characteristics and leveraged their features to estimate the production. Probabilistic values of the group features were entered into the input layer of the artificial neural network model to consider the variation in the production of shale formations. All the estimated productions exhibited less error than the previous analytical results, suggesting the utilization potential of the proposed workflow.


Linguistic and Cognitive skills play an essential role in the development of communication, language and literacy. Therefore, their assessment of school children is crucial since it allows the child's cognitive and linguistic profile characterisation, according to the school year she attends. This study intended to describe the adaptation and validation process of the instrument – Cognitive and Linguistic Skills Assessment Protocol. This Protocol was adapted from a Brazilian (Portuguese) version to a European Portuguese version to evaluate the cognitive-linguistic skills of school children (1st to 5 th grade). It consists of two versions, the collective version and the individual version. The collective version consists of writing, arithmetic, auditory processing and visual processing skills; the individual version consists of reading, metalinguistic, auditory processing, visual processing and processing speed skills. After adapting the linguistic aspects (morphosyntactic and semantic), a pilot study was carried out to verify whether the instrument was well-adapted and easy to understand for the study's target population. The sample consisted of a class for each school year, excluding children with special educational needs or intellectual/auditory deficits. A total of 75 children were evaluated: 12 children of the 1 st grade; 18 of the 2 nd grade; 15 of the 3 rd grade; 15 of the 4 th grade; and 15 of the 5 th grade. The results showed that the protocol was, in general, well adapted. The instrument was then applied to a larger sample (2 classes per school year) in a total of 157 children (without special educational needs or intellectual/auditory deficits), and the data were processed in the statistical program IBM SPSS. In general, the mean values were the expected ones in all subtests of the Protocol Collective Version and some tests of the Individual Version, from the 1 st to the 4 th grade, but not the 5 th grade, which showed non-expected mean values. This work provided the possibility for developing the subsequent phase of the study, where percentiles will be calculated to obtain the standard/normalised values to classify children's performance as standard, above average or lower than expected.


The most important raw material component in the production of most types of carbon products is binding materials, the quality of which largely determines the physical and mechanical properties of the product. A favorable combination of high coke-forming ability and low viscosity in the molten state distinguishes pitch from other types of binding materials for various carbonaceous compositions subjected to subsequent carbonization. For this reason, pitch worldwide is a priority binder for many types of carbon products (anode masses, electrodes, structural materials, electrical


The purpose of this paper is to establish the complete moment convergence and the integrability of supremum for weighted sums of pairwise negatively quadrant dependent random variables satisfying stochastically dominating condition.


Implementing vision-based automated control in sophisticated robotics (i.e., prosthetic hands) is limited due to their high-power consumption and computational extensiveness, which may not be achievable through employing commercially available microcontrollers and their coprocessors. Hence, a digital design from scratch and the involvement of the most recent power-efficient but advanced FPGA processors are required. This paper presents the first stage of such an FPGA implementation of an advanced image processing pipeline where an RGB camera is interfaced to a Zynq® UltraScale+™ MPSoC, where an object detection deep learning model is hosted. Acknowledging the complexity of this pipeline, a thorough description of the implementation is provided with a shared public repository. Optimizing the design and circuitry will ensure the implementation of vision sensors to artificially sense an object from the wrist position and facilitate sophisticated grabbing by a prosthetic hand.


The hydrogen sulfide in the coke oven gas is a very harmful substance,and it must be removed.This paper describes several common processes of gas desulfurization.Various ways and methods of desulfurization are briefly evaluated and compared.


Purpose To develop a deeper understanding of the complexity of physicians' decision making when faced with professional challenges. Method Using constructivist grounded theory, the authors conducted a secondary analysis of transcripts from focus groups with 40 internists in 2011. Participants responded to scripted professional challenge scenarios. The authors analyzed the transcripts for instances in which participants discussed "doing what might be wrong" (i.e., something that goes against their values or others' expectations). They used the theory of planned behavior (TPB), which posits that intention to act is predicted by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, to understand the findings in a broader context. Results The theme of "doing what might be wrong" was pervasive, particularly in response to scenarios involving stewardship, nonpatients' requests for advice or care, or requests for e-mail access. Participants' rationales for suggested behaviors included a desire to keep patients happy and be (or appear) helpful. Modifiers of those responses included type of patient, physician's relationship with the patient, and comfort level with the request. Consistent with the TPB, attitudes or beliefs about the intended behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control influenced decision making. Conclusions Physicians often do what might be wrong when they are asked to do something that goes against their values and beliefs, by patients, others, or as perceived by their organizations. Actions are often rationalized as being done for the right reasons. These findings should inform the development of educational initiatives to support physicians in acting in accordance with their ideals.


In recent years Natural fiber reinforced polymer composites have been used in the engineering applications. Composite materials possess high strength to weight ratio, and due to these facts composite materials are becoming popular among researchers and scientists. The major proportion of engineering materials consists of composite materials. Natural fiber reinforced green eco-friendly composites made from jute, hemp, sisal, banana, coir, green bagasse from the natural sources provide indisputable advantages over synthetic reinforcement materials such as low cost, low density, non-toxicity, comparable strength, and minimum waste disposal problems. In the present work, natural fiber Hardwickia Binata was introduced and composites were prepared varying fiber loading like 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% using hand lay-up process. Water absorption and chemical resistance properties were examined for the fractured fibers. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis is carried out and analyzes the structure of the fractured surfaces after water absorption


Proliferation of epithelial cells in the fetal trachea was studied in hamsters, beginning on the 10th gestational day and ending on the 16th day, shortly after birth. The mean mitotic index (MI) was highest on day 10, with no statistical confirmation of a change between days 10 and 11. The MI fell to about 2% on days 12 and 13, and declined thereafter to about 0.3% on day 16. The MIs for dorsal and ventral surfaces were compared and values were similar except on day 10, when ventral exceeded dorsal, and on day 12, when dorsal exceeded ventral, 2.56% and 1.3%, respectively. On days 10, 11, and 12 the epithelium was simple, composed of poorly differentiated columnar cells that proliferated. On day 13 the epithelium was pseudostratified owing to the presence of a few short cells that did not reach to the lumen. Throughout the fetal period, proliferation of columnar cells predominated but division of short (basal) cells increased from 8% to 40% of the total mitotic activity between day 13 and day 15. Proliferation of basal cells then declined, so that on day 16, 84% of all cells in mitosis were columnar. If basal cells divide to make more of themselves they must proliferate rapidly between day 13 and day 15, because they were virtually absent on day 12 but accounted for about 36% of the ventral and 23% of the dorsal epithelial cells on day 16. Based on the results, a hypothetical model is proposed for the formation of pseudostratified mucociliary epithelium. The model proposes that small granule (endocrine) cells, basal cells, secretory cells, and ciliated cells are established from poorly differentiated columnar cells by day 13. Thereafter short basal cells replicate to produce only basal cells, whereas columnar secretory cells replicate to produce secretory cells and ciliated cells. This model will be tested in future studies.


The ductus arteriosus (DA), a bypass vessel between the aorta and main pulmonary artery, is essential for fetal circulation, and immediately closes after birth. Prostaglandin E2 plays important roles in both DA patency and closure via its receptor EP4. During the fetal periods, EP4 signaling dilates the DA through inhibition of myosin light chain kinase and promotes luminal narrowing, i.e., intimal thickening, for complete closure of the DA after birth when placental PGE2 is dramatically decreased. Previous studies have demonstrated that EP4 is prominently expressed in the developing DA and EP4‐deficient mice exhibits patent DA after birth, suggesting that EP4 expression in the DA is critical for adaptation from fetal and adult circulatory system. However, the molecular mechanism of specific expression of EP4 in the DA is unknown. It has been reported that sympathetic nerves are distributed around the DA. Therefore, we hypothesized that sympathetic nerves regulated EP4 expression in the DA. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of EP4 expression in the DA.


This study aims to develop an assessment instrument for the Gambyong Pareanom dance for students of the Dance Arts Education Study Program, Faculty of Languages and Arts of Yogyakarta State University, to find out the effectiveness of the Surakarta style Gambyong Pareanom dance assessment instrument. This was a research and development study with the DDD-E model by Borg Gall consisting of several development stages, including planning, design, and development, initial product trial, initial product revision, final product revision, operational product revision, and operational product trial. This research and development study involved 30 students of the Dance Arts Education Study Program, Faculty of Languages and Arts of Yogyakarta State University. The planning stage includes a needs analysis study and formulating these needs in a development plan. The planning involved several Javanese dance lecturers in Surakarta. This planning stage was carried out by determining the scope, identifying the characteristics of learning/students, determining product limitations, and making planning documents. The second stage, namely the design stage, includes making the design of the Gambyong Dance practice assessment model, which consists of aspects of assessment (attitudes, knowledge, and skills) in accordance with the learning outcomes of the Surakarta Female Dance course. The third stage, which is development, includes initial product trial, initial product revision, final product trial, and operational product trial. The effectiveness of the model was assessed based on the percentage of lecturers' satisfaction on the Surakarta dance course, with the Gambyong Pareanom dance material based on the results of product trial. The results of the study show that the product is an assessment sheet which includes aspects of: 1) pacak, 2) pancat, 3) ulat, 4) lulut, 5) wiled, 6) luwes, 7) wirama, and 8) gendhing, all of which referred to as Hasta Sawanda. Two other aspects (wiraga and wirasa) are added, resulting in a total of ten assessment aspects. The effectiveness of the product shows that this assessment sheet is good for assessing the Gambyong Pareanom dance. Keywords: development, instrument, assessment, dance


Intensive weed control and plot preparation practices have become a critical and integral part of productive beech forest management in Turkey's coastal Black Sea region (BSR). This study was conducted in an eastern beech forest of 100+ year old in the BSR to evaluate ecosystem effects of three different experimental Rhododendron ponticum understory control methods with a randomised block design, including manual grubbing, foliar and cut stump spraying with imazapyr (Arsenal) and foliar and cut stump spraying with triclopyr (Garlon). Untreated vegetation plots served as controls. Evaluation of these treatments included their effects on understory and forest floor biomass and nutrients (C, N, P, S, K, Ca and Mg) and effects on soils, including bulk density, pH, soil nutrients (C, N, P and S), exchangeable cations (K, Ca and Mg) and soil cation exchange capacity (CEC). Grubbing and imazapyr treatments had greatly reduced the amount of understory biomass 5 years after application (P = 0.002). Triclopyr treatment also had a major effect on understory vegetation control, but by 5 years later, about 10% of the rhododendron originally present on these plots had gradually re-sprouted and partially covered the plots. Five years after woody vegetation control treatments, at the 0- to 20-cm depth, treatments did not appear to affect soil bulk density, pH and CEC. For the upper 20-cm soil depth, the exchangeable soil K concentration at the 10- to 20-cm depth on triclopyr-treated plots was 33% higher than on grubbing plots, and it was twice that of imazapyr application plots. Imazapyr plots had almost 11 times more dead organic matter on the forest floor than there was on grubbing plots. Forest floor C concentrations on imazapyr plots were 26 and 14% greater than those on grubbing and triclopyr plots, respectively. Total ecosystem (forest floor + understory + soil exchangeable) Ca content was 50% higher on imazapyr plots than that on triclopyr plots, while the ecosystem K pool on imazapyr treatment plots was 27% lower than that on triclopyr plots. Herbicides can be used as an alternative for achieving some forest management objectives when other vegetation control methods are not feasible or economical. It is recommended that vegetation control not be used on steep slopes because of greater risk of soil erosion. There may be benefits in encouraging slash disposal by fire after imazapyr treatments, thus removing recalcitrant understory residues left on the forest floor and releasing the essential nutrients within them.


The National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) has developed an automated data retrieval request service utilizing our Data Archive and Distribution Service (NDADS) computer system. NDADS currently has selected project data written to optical disk platters with the disks residing in a robotic 'jukebox' near-line environment. This allows for rapid and automated access to the data with no staff intervention required. There are also automated help information and user services available that can be accessed. The request system permits an average-size data request to be completed within minutes of the request being sent to NSSDC. A mail message, in the format described in this document, retrieves the data and can send it to a remote site. Also listed in this document are the data currently available.


In this study, we implemented a Bifocal modeling unit on diffusion with physical models instead of computational models, using two different tools: 1. Paper modeling, 2. Modeling with micro-robot toy. We worked with 5th grade students for a period of 5 hours. After running experiments, students developed physical models and then interacted with a virtual model. Using either tool, students significantly improved their conceptual understanding of diffusion, but engaged differently in the modeling processes.


The characteristic of different cephalosporin derivates have been reviewed with the aim to correlate their pharmacokinetic. On the basis of these date it is possible to confirm that no difference exist between the two compounds.


A wireless portable electronic communication self-configuring multiple element (100), comprising: at least a first electronic element (104) and a second element (106); and a connection (112) connecting said first electronic element (104) and said second electronic element (106) allowing said joint (112) movement in more than one plane of said first electronic element relative to said second electronic element, wherein said portable electronic device self-configuring multiple element is characterized in that: said device portable electronic communication self-configuring multiple element is able to self-configure an operation mode based on a relative position of said first electronic element (104) relative to said second electronic element (106); said device further includes a sensor (159, 932) in one of said first electronic element or said second electronic element for detecting said relative position of said first electronic element relative to said second electronic element, said first electronic element includes a display device (120) can be configured as a landscape display device and a display device of carrier portrait, said second electronic element includes at least one input device (115) having a plurality of input elements, said plurality of elements input can be configured as a device panoramic input and an input device holder portrait, and said movement configures said display device in the wide mode or display mode holder portrait, and said input device panning mode input or input mode holder portrait based on said position n relative.


Using scale analysis thinking in current sedimentation and outcrop study,as well as self-developed model prediction description method,a study method based on logging data in dense well pattern and sedimentatary rule and model in a large scale flavial-delta is developed.Geometrical shape of sand bodies and internal construction structures is dissected from small to large,from course to fine and step by step.The reservoir geological medel is set up precisely,and macroscopic heterogeneity of the reservoir is systematically descripted.In the method the reservoir is devided into six description types,including lithofacies interval, single sand layer,sedimentary microfacies,single sand body, construction structural unit and internal heterogeneity.And the continuity between wells, geometric shape and location of boundary,thickness and horizontal heterogeneity of permeabitity of the sand body is described on modelling prediction,better solved a difficult problem of complex heterogeneous system description and interwell sand body prediction,providing a reliable technical support for oilfield development adjustment in late period of high water cut and enhanced recovery.