Advances in sensor solutions in the automotive sector make it possible to develop better ADAS and autonomous driving functions. One of the main tasks of highway chauffeur and highway pilot automated driving systems is to keep the vehicle between the lane lines while driving on a pre-defined route. This task can be achieved by using camera and/or GPS to localize the vehicle between the lane lines. However, both sensors have shortcomings in certain scenarios. While the camera does not work when there are no lane lines to be detected, an RTK GPS can localize the vehicle accurately. On the other hand, GPS requires at least 3 satellite connections to be able to localize the vehicle and more satellite connections and real-time over-the-air corrections for lanelevel positioning accuracy. If GPS localization fails or is not accurate enough, lane line information from the camera can be used as a backup. In this paper, a vision based lane keeping system is aided by a GPS based path following application to overcome the shortcomings of the GPS and camera sensors when used alone in highway driving path following applications. The developed system has a parameter space based robust steering controller which can handle lateral motion control of the vehicle based on path tracking error detected using the GPS or camera sensor. The designed control system works for both low speed and high-speed driving scenarios and is robust to changes in vehicle mass. The results are demonstrated using the validated model of our 2017 Ford Fusion Hybrid research automated driving vehicle in our hardware-in-the-loop simulator. Experimental verification is also planned. Introduction There are six automated driving levels defined in new SAE International standard J3016 varying from 0 to 5 [1], where 0 represents the no automation case and 5 represents the fully autonomous driving case with no human intervention. This paper will cover a lane keeping application for a vehicle already equipped with an adaptive cruise control. This automation level falls within Level 2 which is partial automation where the steering and acceleration of the vehicle are handled by the automated driving system but the driver is still in the loop. This is an initial part of our work aimed at developing a Level 3 Highway Chauffeur and a Level 4 Highway Autopilot in a realistic hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HIL) environment. In the literature and in production level vehicles, there are many lane-keeping and lane departure warning applications. For instance, Tuncer et al. worked on developing a lane keeping system when the driver is inattentive [2]. In their application, a camera based lane keeping controller is designed and simulated in the HIL simulator. Kang et al. proposed a solution for estimating the lane positions for short term lane information lost from the camera [3]. Although lane keeping applications and path fallowing applications are thoroughly studied in the literature, the failure of the existing systems would not be acceptable for a fully autonomous vehicle system. Considering many of these systems are using the camera to detect the lane lines and localize the vehicle in the lateral direction, the failure of the camera detection would result in failure to keep being within the lane. As highlighted in the work of the Yenikaya et al. [4], some of the camera detection failures can be caused by the absence of the lane lines, poor lane line quality, shadow on the lane lines, or other vehicle occlusions. The camera may also completely fail to work or communicate with the controller. Today high accuracy GPS units are also available for accurate localization. For example, the GPS unit used in our experimental vehicle OXTS xNAV550 has 1.6 m accuracy with single antenna, 0.4 m for DGPS mode and up to 2 cm for RTK mode using a base station. Also with the use of online RTK correction services and RTK Bridge units it is possible to have RTK corrections without a base station. In the case of using RTK bridge unit, accuracy of the system is around 5 cm.While today RTK GPS units are very expensive as compared to the cameras, they are getting cheaper with the advance of the technology. Therefore, usage of a GPS based lane level path fallowing algorithm is suggested as one of the backup solutions for the camera failure cases. One might ask why GPS system is not used solely for the lane keeping application. This is because the GPS system also has its own shortcomings. If the RTK corrections for the GPS are not available or the lane level map of the environment is not Downloaded from SAE International by Levent Guvenc, Thursday, March 29, 2018


Abstract A series solution method is presented for analysing sharp asymmetric dry contact problems. It provides an exact representation for the pressure inside the contact, the contact width and also the displacement outside the contact for the frictionless two-dimensional problem of a rigid indentor acting on an elastic half-plane. The first part of the paper describes how the method can be used for symmetric and asymmetric punches without slope discontinuities. In the second part the method is modified to overcome the Gibbs phenomenon so that it can be applied to any punch, symmetric or asymmetric, with or without slope discontinuities. Finally, two analytic approaches are described and compared with the present solution method.


Licensed assisted access LTE (LAA-LTE) aggregates 5 GHz unlicensed bands with LTE's licensed bands via carrier aggregation, and adopts energy detection (ED)-based clear channel assessment (CCA) for protection of coexisting Wi-Fi devices. Since LAA-LTE requires the ED threshold should be set conservatively in the potential presence of Wi-Fi, the spatial spectrum reuse of the LAA-LTE will be much impaired. Such non-flexible thresholding has been introduced mainly due to ED's incapability of differentiating Wi-Fi frames from LTE frames. As a remedy, this paper proposes a lightweight but effective Wi-Fi frame detection method with which the LAA-LTE devices can capture a Wi-Fi preamble by only using the LAA-LTE's own time domain samples while incurring very small latency. Built upon the proposed method, we also propose the Wi-Fi energy tracking algorithm to identify the duration of a Wi-Fi frame, and a dynamic ED threshold selection algorithm. The proposed schemes were evaluated via the MATLAB simulations and USRP-based experiments, through which their efficacy has been confirmed, e.g., Wi-Fi frame detection probability up to 98.7%. Moreover, via extensive NS-3 based simulations with a multi-cell coexistence topology, we further revealed that the proposed mechanism not only enhances the spatial efficiency of the LAA-LTE achieving up to 23.68% more throughput than the legacy LAA-LTE but also protects coexisting Wi-Fi better.


(51) Int. Cl. C07D 307/00 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. ........................................ ... 549/467 (58) Field of Classification Search ................. 549/467 See application file for complete search history. (56) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4,136,193 A 1/1979 BogeSo et al. .............. 424,285 2003. O144534 A1 7/2003 Coppi et al. ................ 549/467 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS EP O 171943 2, 1986 GB 235,619.9 5, 2001 GB 2357762 T 2001 GB 2 375 763 A * 11, 2002 * cited by examiner Primary Examiner Amelia A. Owens (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm Vidas Arrett & Steinkraus (57) The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of salts of citalopram in high purity. By the careful selection of solvents and the careful manipulation of the pH value, citalopram salts may be isolated in the absence of 5-chlo rocitalopram, 5-bromocitalo-pram, desmethyl-citalopram and 5-carobxyamide citalopram. ABSTRACT


A laboratory experiment was carried out to study the effect of different seed priming chemicals (IBA, GA3, H3BO3 and PEG-6000) at different concentrations for improving induced stress tolerance potential regarding germination and seedling growth of mungbean. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomised Design (CRD) replicated thrice. Application of IBA (10 ppm), GA3 (10 ppm) and H3BO3 (0.05%) in mungbean resulted as increase in germination percentage to the tune of 5.39%, 3.53% and 4.56%, respectively as compared to control as well as other priming treatments. GA3 at 5 ppm concentration resulted in highest shoot length, however, regarding root length IBA at 100 ppm resulted best. Application of GA3 at all concentrations had higher vigour index. Among all the seed priming treatments PEG-6000 had no additional benefit on seed germination of mungbean though it had pronounced effect on root growth.


The fitout design is nearing completion, and construction will Boon commence on the internal works in our new beadqnarters. The final result will leave us with m o d e m &ce facilities and an ambience which reflects the dignity of the College. The charm of M a d e l e y Houee is clearly not able to be reproduced in a modern building but we believe the architects wil l succeed in carrying through some of the themes of Maudsley Home. The new College headquarters will occupy the first and second floors in a strata title office development. This is a new twelve-storey building in which we have a separate lobby with our own lift. The lower floor will be for the Secretariat and the upper floor will consist of a variety of meeting spaces, kitchen, General Council room, and further offices, including an Honorary Officers' mom. The expansion of the role of the Secretariat will require further staff and more space, and the n e w headquartcrs will be able to provide both. In recognilion of (JUT n e w headquarters, and for our fiftieth anniversary year, 1 am exploring the idea of commissioning a tapestry ~f the College coat of arms by the Victorian Tapestry Workshop.


A dissertation submitted to the Department of Food Technology, Central Campus of Technology, Tribhuvan University, in partial fulfillment for the degree of B.Tech. in Food Technology


This review deals with the general sketch and recent progress of Mitsunobu reaction, as well as its applications in medicinal chemistry with focus placed on synthesis and confi guration inversion of drugs and natural products transformation.


Rocks exposed at the Earth's surface provide an incomplete record of the varied and complex processes that have acted to form and modify the continents. The continental lithospheric mantle (CLM), sampled as xenoliths carried in explosive volcanics, is an alternative reservoir of age information that has only recently begun to be tapped. Data from southeastern Australia, a technically complex region, illustrate that the CLM can record important aspects of continental evolution that are not indicated by the exposed crustal rocks. Re‐Os isotopic data and the resultant model ages for 15 spinel peridotite xenoliths from five localities in southeastern Australia show that parts of the CLM are ∼ 1960 Myr old, some 1400 Myrs older than the oldest crust exposed immediately in the sampled region. As the five sampled localities are east of the presumed eastern edge of the Precambrian interior of Australia, the preservation of Proterozoic ages in the lithosphere indicates that the supposed Precambrian edge of the Australian continent (the Tasman Line) is a surficial feature rather than a lithospheric scale boundary. This conclusion is consistent with recent Skippy seismic tomography models for Australia. The mantle xenolith age distribution also suggests a significant age change from Proterozoic to dominantly Phanerozoic, which appears coincident with the surface expression of the boundary between two major fold belts (Lachlan and Delamerian) and with a deep lithospheric boundary previously proposed on the basis of differences in Sr and Pb isotopic systematics of southeast Australian basalts.


Abstract For α ∈ (0, 1), let Γα denote the middle-α Cantor set contained in the interval [0,1]. Let denote the set of all t∈[−1,1] such that Γα ∩(Γα+t)is a single point. Both a geometric and a symbolic description of each is presented. The symbolic description of each will be as a shift invariant subset of the one-sided two shift that is determined by inequalities. An equivalence relation is defined on the one-sided two shift and then a linear order relation is defined on the equivalence classes. This order relation on the equivalence classes describes how the sets shrink as a decreases from ⅓ to 0.


A brief description is given of the concept of human capital and the mathematical models of the theory of economic growth, taking into account human capital accumulation through learning-by-doing. A generalized mathematical model of economic growth constructed on the basis of a number of similar models, including K. Arrow's classical model, is put forward. For this generalized model, traditional problem settings (the social planner and competitive equilibrium) are described. A general optimal problem covering the main traditional problem settings is formulated.


Abstract Doping remains as the most used technique to photosensitize ferroelectric oxides for solar cell applications. However, optimizing these materials is still a challenge. First, many variables should be considered, for instance dopant nature and concentration, synthesis method or temperature. Second, all these variables should be connected with the microstructure of the solid solution and its optoelectronic properties. Here, a computational high-throughput framework that combines Boltzmann statistics with DFT calculations is presented as a solution to accelerate the optimization of these materials for solar cells applications. This approach has two main advantages: i) the automatic and systematic exploration of the configurational space and ii) the connection between processing and electronic properties through the description of changes in the microstructure of the material. One of the most studied doped-ferroelectric systems, [KNbO 3 ] 1 − x [BaNi 1 / 2 Nb 1 / 2 O 3 − δ ] x , is used as a study case. Our results not only agree with previous theoretical and experimental reports, but also explain the effect of some of the variables to consider when this material is synthesized in order to optimize their performance.


Highly-monochromatic γ-ray beams are produced at the NewSUBARU synchrotron radiation facility by the inverse Compton scattering of laser photons from relativistic electrons. The latest s-process study in nuclear astrophysics with the γ-ray beam is presented.


Sound and Sources of Sound by A. P. Dowling and J. E. Ffowcs-Williams is based on a series of lectures given to undergi aduate engineering students at the University of Cambridge. The book is masterfully written and its use far transcends classroom instruction. In fact, it is recommended reading for all practicing engineers whose major concern is the control of sources of vibrations and sound that are induced by unsteady fluid flow. The book's major contribution to the literature of acoustics begins with Chapter 7. Here, sources of sound which are not due to the vibration of boundary surfaces are described. These include combustion noise, sound generated by the "creation of matter," by externally applied forces on a fluid, and by sound due to turbulent flow. Lighthill's equation is derived and its solution for the sound field is given. Lighthill's famous V law for jet noise follows from dimensional analysis and its range of validity is discussed. Chapter 8 begins with the derivation of the reciprocal theorem. The ingenious application of this theorem leads to easy solutions of what would otherwise be very difficult problems. Examples are the sound scattered by a bubble entrained in a turbulent flow of water and the sound generated by turbulent quadrupoles near a sharp edge, such as the trailing edge of an airfoil. In many practical cases, sources of sound move relative to an observer. This class of problems is particularly significant in aeroacoustics, where Mach numbers are generally high. The sound field generated by moving sources is described in Chapter 9 in considerable detail. The Fourier decomposition of a wave field in Chapter 10 leads to useful clarifications of the physics of sound generation. It is demonstrated early in the chapter, for example, that "a sound field is generated by elements of the source with sonic phase velocity." In order to deal with the effects of turbulence, a discussion of the statistical analysis of random signals is provided. Cross correlation functions involving both separations in space and delays in time are defined and are used to establish some general characteristics of turbulent flows. The final chapter of the book deals with the response of structures to a spatially and temporally unsteady flow. Fluid loading which is important in hydroacoustics — is clearly explained. The criteria for temporal or spatial instabilities of mechanical structures subjected to fluid flow are derived from "power flow" considerations. The first six chapters of the book provide the introduction for the ground covered in the latter chapters which is evidently of greatest interest to the authors. The first two chapters give an outline of the basic physics of sound waves and of the fundamental equations that govern these wave fields. Specific applications are provided in Chapters 3 to 6, such as waves in pipes, transmission of sound from one medium to another, ray theory, and various resonators. Frequently, engineering applications of "laboratory" phenomena are cited. For example, the "reheat buzz" which occurs in some jet engines is shown to be analogous in nature to the instabilities which have been observed in a Rijke tube. In summary, Sound and Sources of Sound is both instructive and pleasant to read. The physics is lucidly explained and illustrated by numerous diagrams and examples. Theoretical results are compared with experimental data, whenever possible. The book is not overburdened with detail and the reader never loses sight of the essential information which the authors attempt to convey. The text is generally free of typographical errors, although a few have inevitably passed the authors' scrutiny. An example is the omission of the circumflex in section 11.5 over the symbol representing the power spectral density of the fluctuating pressure. The mathematics is generally clear and straightforward (although a review of generalized functions is recommended before reading Chapters 7 to 11); and the book's usefulness would have been enhanced if bibliographic references had been included.


This study corrects misidentifications found in a recently published paper by Sun, Wang & Li (2022; Zootaxa 5219, 301-338). These authors used the name 'Nemophora amatella (Staudinger, 1892)' for N. augites (Meyrick, 1938) and the name 'N. augites (Caradja et Meyrick, 1938)' for an undescribed species. To resolve these problems, I set aside the earlier (erroneous) lectotype fixation of N. augites (Meyrick, 1938) and replace it with a new lectotype, designate a lectotype of N. amatella (Staudinger, 1892), provide differential diagnoses and morphological descriptions of these species, and describe N. yunnanica Kozlov, sp. nov. from Lijiang (Yunnan, China). The reported misidentifications show that any revision of a taxonomically challenging group like the fairy moth genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg, 1798 should always be based on the examination of all survived primary types of previously described species.


Influence of different amount of three additives i.e.retarder,compound stimulating agent and water retaining agent on settling time,bending strength and compression strength of desulfurized wall plaster was studied and SEM test was made on hydration samples of desulfurized wall plaster,and the optimal amount of the three additives in desulfurized wall plaster was determined as follows: retarder 0.1%~0.2%,compound stimulating agent 2% and water-retaining agent 0.2%.The mechanism of several additives on desulfurized wall plaster was discussed.


A labor union is an organization formed for the protection of labor rights. In Taiwan, most researches related to the subject of labor unions concentrate on the industrial union rather than the craft union. These works consider a craft union's functions to be limited to ensuring workers' labor and health insurance. This dissertation deems that craft unions founded after democratization would display some interesting dynamics; accordingly, it aims to examine these dynamics by undertaking a case study. A long-standing, relatively traditional craft union founded before democratization—the Food and Beverage Craft Union—was chosen for the analysis, and was compared with two craft unions founded after democratization, the Craft Union of Community Servicewomen founded by the Pong Wan-Ru Foundation and the Documentary Media Worker Union. This dissertation focused on the market behavior of the craft unions and their relations with the state, simultaneously connecting the differences between the craft unions formed before and after democratization. The purpose is to examine whether all the characteristics of the craft unions reflected the changed context or if they carried out any other functions beyond those designated by the state. The study found that these "emerging" craft unions functioned as collective organizations of skilled workers, attempting to influence market relations that concerned their interests and enhancing their occupational influence through market behavior. Through these activities, they could protect their own rights and interests and could even anticipate that the effects of their attempts percolate backward to the state level and thereby influence the state policy. These activities also lent new connotations to occupational labor, especially in context of public participation and the image of the craft union; in addition, the activities influenced individual work and the employment protection of labor.


We investigate the dependence of the electrical resistivity and magnetoresistance of single crystalline micrometer-sized graphite samples of a few tens of nanometers thick on the defect concentration produced by irradiation at low fluences. We show that the carrier density of graphite $n$ is extremely sensitive to the induced defects for concentrations as low as $\ensuremath{\sim}0.1\text{ }\text{ppm}$ and follows $n\ensuremath{\sim}1/{R}_{V}^{2}$ with ${R}_{V}$ the distance between defects in the graphene plane. These and Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations results indicate that at least a relevant part of the carrier densities measured in graphite is not intrinsic.


Variation of the magnetic spectra with the amount of cobalt ions is measured for samples (35-x)NiO · 8ZnO · xCoO · 57Fe2O3(x=0∼2.5) in the frequency range from 2.5 to 1200MHz. It is shown that the dominant mechanism of the static initial-permeability of the slowly cooled samples changes with the amount of cobalt from displacement of domain wall to rotation of magnetization, and that the contribution of the displacement of domain wall appears again with the change of easy direction by further cobalt substitution. These conclusions are confirmed by the observation of the temperature dependence of the magnetic spectra and the frequency dependence of permeabilities at the remanence, and by a theoretical analysis of the observed magnetic spectra.


Total Volatile Organic Compounds(TVOC) is one of important indoor air pollutants.In caber and the actual room,the TVOC concentrations are detected at different temperature and ventilation.It is concluded that TVOC concentration in indoor air elevates with increasing temperature in closed case,and TVOC concentration can be reduced by suitable ventilation.


The geological conditions are unstable in Ji'an City of Jilin Province, and there is the probability of various geological disasters. In this paper, the debris flow in Qiupi of Jian City is studied in detail, which is still hazardous to the local residents. According to the geological conditions and the debris flow probability, the debris flow formation and control measures are comprehensively investigated in order to reduce the landslide harm to the local residents.


2007 was another exciting year for Legal Services of Northern California (LSNC), the legal aid program empowering low-income individuals, families, and communities throughout northern California. Our on-going "Community Lawyering" and "Race Equity" initiatives received national recognition from the National Legal Aid and Defenders Association, and LSNC's Race Equity Project now provides a clearinghouse for legal services advocates across the nation, examining on-going disparities and inequities associated with race, ethnicity and language differences. We consider such advocacy to be a critical component of LSNC's core mission: To identify and defeat the causes and effects of poverty within our communities. We have compiled our final case statistics for 2007, and are proud to report that we closed 25,589 client cases in our field offices and senior legal programs. Of these cases, more than 3,500 more were handled by private attorneys working under the supervision of one of our pro bono programs, such as the Voluntary Legal Services Program (VLSP) in Sacramento. We closed an additional 9,350 cases in our specially-funded programs such as the Health Rights Hotline, Health Insurance and Advocacy Program (HICAP), and Ombudsman Services of Northern California (advocacy in long term care facilities). We also provided some level of assistance, in the form of self-help materials, legal clinics, and community legal education to tens of thousands of other needy individuals with whom we did not establish a formal client relationship. Once again, our core programs closed more


In her autoethnographic account, Simon-Maeda utilizes a postmodernist, interdisciplinary approach to highlight the multilayered, subjective, and socially mediated process of becoming a speaker of Japanese. Interweaving multiple sources of ethnographic data (e.g., interviews, pictures, highly personalized accounts, textual materials, fi eld notes, transcripts, etc.), she paints an in-depth portrayal of her language acquisition and identity construction as a dynamic process of "being Japanese" within different communities of practice (i.e., family, career, and social life). These communities of practice are in constant fl ux and are infl uenced by local interactions, socialization practices, and societal discourses. Paramount to her narrative is how her language acquisition and identity trajectories have evolved vis-à-vis dominant Japanese societal discourses concerning foreigners as outsiders, women as good mothers and wives, and American English speakers as occupying a prestigious social position in Japan. For example, she describes how her language acquisition and identity changed signifi cantly when she had to learn how to perform the role of mother in relation to societal discourses surrounding the notion of a good mother. She describes her language ability as having developed through the accomplishment of a set of goals required to be successful in this particular social context (e.g., how to prepare and talk about preparation of bentos [lunch boxes] and how to use proper expressions in parent-teacher conferences). This strategy ultimately enabled her to navigate her son through the rigors of the Japanese education system. She provides equally convincing accounts of how her career and social life communities of practice contributed to her language learning and identity trajectories. Overall, the rich, multilayered analysis as well as the clarity and balance with which she approaches the subject, makes this book worthwhile reading for researchers, teachers, and language learners alike. She argues convincingly, and her book shows us that it is indeed so, that autoethnographies can teach us much about the relationship between language learning, identity, and social contexts.


This study investigates Korean middle school students` perceptions as global citizens (i.e. ecological worldview, social and moral compassion, and socioscientific accountability) of Socioscientific Issues (SSI). We developed questionnaires that consisted of 20 Likert-type items to gauge their preceptions of the three different SSI contexts (i.e. nuclear power generation, bio-technology, climate change), and administered them to 225 9th grade students in Seoul. The results revealed that participants showed relatively high scores for ecological worldview but scored low on social and moral compassion across the SSI contexts. In addition, participants presented much higher scores for ecological worldview and socioscientific accountability regarding the issues of climate change. The participant responses indicated that they perceived more inter-connectedness with the environment and felt the responsibility of promoting sustainable development more to prevent further devastation in the context of climate change compared to nuclear power generation or biotechnology.


Australia has experienced faster economic growth than most other OECD countries and has increased its rate of productivity growth in recent years. This apparently successful aggregate outcome has occurred along with increasing internal deregulation, privatisation and exposure to international forces. Considerable changes in patterns of employment, joblessness and income distribution have accompanied these changes. The presentation will consider some major aspects and their links to training: • changing industry and occupational distribution; • increased part-time and casual employment; • reductions in periods of employment; • increasing hours of full-time work; • multiple job holding; • reduced public sector employment; • reduction in length of full-time working life; • reduced union membership; • sustained levels of unemployment and long term unemployment; • high levels of hidden unemployment and other joblessness; • increased regional variation in joblessness; • widening income distribution and increases in the proportion in poverty.


Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic yield and economic cost of radiologic imaging for urgent and emergent ophthalmic conditions in an emergency room (ER) setting Design Retrospective, consecutive case series. Methods Charts of all patients who underwent radiologic imaging in a dedicated eye ER over a single year were reviewed. Data collected included age, patient reported chief complaint, visual acuity, principal examination finding, indication for imaging, imaging modalities performed, and the current procedural terminology (CPT) codes billed for the imaging performed. Imaging results were classified into three groups with binary outcomes: normal or abnormal; significant if it led to a change in patient management, and relevant if the imaging findings were related to the chief complaint or principal examination finding. Imaging costs were calculated using the billed CPT codes. Results A total of 14,961 patients were evaluated during the 1-year study and 1,371 (9.2%) patients underwent imaging. Of these, 521 patients (38.0%) had significant findings. A majority of this group had significant and relevant findings (469, 34.2% of total). Subgroup analysis was performed based upon patient chief complaint, principal examination finding, and indication for imaging. Overall, the total cost of imaging was $656,078.34 with an average cost of $478.54 per patient. Conclusion Imaging for urgent and emergent ophthalmic conditions in an eye ER resulted in significant management changes in 38.0% of patients. Radiographic imaging contributes to healthcare expenditures; however, these costs must be weighed against the substantial costs of delayed and misdiagnoses, especially when patients present with acute ophthalmological symptoms.


Or a multi-bit signal comprising two units are separated by the cell into two or more bits MSB and LSB portions into a compressed portion of the compressed signal, or multi-bit MSB part comprises two units highest bit, LSB portions are not unit comprising two or more bits in the most significant bit. MSB portion is compressed in a lossless manner (7). LSB portion is compressed (8). Compressed MSB and LSB portions are combined (10) into a compressed signal.


Objective To find out the demands of critical patients' families about assurance scale and the cognition of the nurses to families' need in Emergency. Methods By Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI), 100 family members of patients in Emergency Resuscitation Room / Emergency Intensive Care Unit (EICU) and 100 emergency nurses were surveyed. Results Among the 7 indexes, the differences of 4 indexes had no obviously statistical meaning in the family members' needs for AS and the nurses' congnition for AS (P>0.05). The 3 indexes, e. g. , truly answering the family members' questions, knowing the situation of disease change and feeling the hopeful improvement of disease, had significantly statistical meanings (P< 0.05). Conclusions Emergency nurses can meet the majority need of the families of critical patients, but there still exist some questions that need to be improved and advanced.

Key words:
Study;  Nurses;  Families of patients;  Assurance scale


Hepatopathy or hepatic insufficiency is a very common problem in dogs due to ingestion of some chemicals, drugs like paracetamol, furosemide etc., toxins and infectious agents. Since liver plays the very vital role for normal metabolic functions of carbohydrate, protein and fats, synthesis of plasma proteins, erythropoiesis and detoxification etc., hepatic dysfunctions leads in inappetence, weight loss, anaemia and ascites etc. For treatment, other than some allopathic treatments available, some herbal hepatonics have also claimed effective. Meboliv, a herbal product has been selected for the study.


Paper presents a computational study of energy transformation in two geometrical configurations of Kaplan turbine elbow draft tube. Pressure recovery, hydraulic efficiency and loss coefficient are evaluated for a series of flow rates and swirl numbers corresponding to operating regimes of the turbine. These integral characteristics are then correlated with local flow field properties identified by extraction of topological features. Main focus is to find the reasons for hydraulic efficiency drop of the elbow draft tube.


The Wien-bridge network can be connected in a different way in an oscillator circuit to give a sine wave with very low total harmonic distortion. An I.e.d/photocell amplitude control is external to the circuit. However, it is not implicit, in the use of a Wien network as the frequency-control method, that the configuration shown in Fig. 1, in which the output of the network is taken to the non-inverting input of the amplifier and the amplitude controlling negative-feedback signal is taken to the other, is the only circuit configuration which can be employed. In particular, con sideration of the phase and transmission characteristics of such a network, shown in Table 1 and Fig. 2 for equal values of C Output


The paper reveals the research outcomes concerning the qualifications requirements of the Kyrgyz Republic's agricultural sector; the significance of the given sector and lack of competent specialists determine the research relevance. The methodology bases of quantitative and qualitative human resources analysis involved a traditional sociological survey and innovative methods of functional analysis. The research findings can be used for balancing the labor marker supply and demand, and ensure, therefore, the effective personnel management in agricultural industry. On the other hand, the above findings can improve the vocational training programs and mechanisms of training quality assessment to align them with the employers' requirements.


The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of the Target Aerobic Movement Test (TAMT)1 in a group of children and adolescents with spina bifida (n = 32). Thirty-two children (11 subjects-thoracic lesion, 21 subjects-lumbar lesion) volunteered for the study. Results indicated there were no significant differences in the proportion of subjects who passed Test 1 or Test 2 (p > .05). Twenty-seven out of 28 eligible subjects (96%) on Test 1 and 25 of 27 eligible subjects (93%) on Test 2 met the criteria for successful completion of the TAMT. The TAMT appears to be a reliable and feasible test for measuring aerobic behavior in children and adolescents with spina bifida. Future research should focus on studying the feasibility of the TAMT with other populations with disabilities and to also determine if the test can become a more refined discriminator of aerobic behavior and aerobic capacity.


This paper describes the rationale for using clustering methods to reduce the size of the Pareto optimal set whilst retaining its shape. It proceeds lo describe an implementation of the complete-linkage clustering method and demonstrates its application. Finally, the method is incorporated into a Pareto optimal serial dynamic programming process to reduce the size of the Pareto optimal set generated at each stage of the optimization.


This article presents one of the most important non-institutional pieces of research carried out in the last decade on aspects of the situation of Catalan in the Valencian Country (where the language is known as Valencian), looking especially at aspects relating to the sociolinguistic trends and characteristics of the large urban areas —the city of Valencia and Alacant (Alicante)— where intergenerational transmission has come to a halt or is currently precarious in the extreme. By way of contrast, we shall also be looking at two other pieces of work: one on the county of Marina, which has remained faithful to the language, and the other on the population of the Valencian Country as a whole. The overall view thus obtained enables us to form some brief observations concerning the process of accelerating linguistic minoritisation (shift to minority status) in which Valencian society is immersed, and from there going on to focus on the relative lack of non institutional sociolinguistic research, resulting fundamentally from the language's diminished prospects.


The article recognises that the universe of discourse on Information Literacy (IL) has to be stratified into
different layers. The proposed stratification can be of use both for a theoretical systematisation of the issue and
for identifying a sequence of measures aimed at an effective propagation of a Culture of Information. The article presents a mathematical-like approach, which starts proposing the definitions of some basic concepts and then
proceeds with 10 propositions or theses, each supported by a number of argumentations. The proposed theses are generated by the following perspectives of analysis of the Information Literacy phenomenon, and accordingly grouped: a) disciplinary perspective: analysis of IL as culture of Information and as a form of study of information; b) Social/political perspective: analysis of IL as an educational policy goal; c) Cognitive perspective: analysis of IL as a form of personal competence. As a consequence of the proposed theses, the following foci of the IL discourse
are identified: IL rationale (theses 1,2,3); Policy awareness (theses 4,5,6); Planning and implementation
(theses 7,8,9); Individual development (thesis 10).


Great progress has been made in astronomy in general and in the size and construction of instruments employed. Refractors have reached apertures of 36 and 40 inches (this seeming to be the limit) while reflectors rose to 60-72-80-100-inch aperture and the latest project, well along in construction, is the gigantic '200-inch reflector. All these instruments are professional and factory-built. It is an outstanding fact that amateur telescope-making has been confined almost entirely to small-sized instruments, with more or less makeshift mountings, only a few amateurs having constructed reflecting telescopes of 15 inches or more aperture. It is to be hoped that amateurs may go to higher dimensions and better construction and this is feasible. The June, 1933, number of these Publications gave a description of a "Ventilated Mirror" which has a 22-inch diameter. The grinding process is described in the August, 1933, number. The mirror is polished and parabolized to F: 5.1. The polishing and parabolizing were done by the well-known methods as described exhaustively in Amateur Telescope Making and therefore can be omitted here. In laying out the general plan for the mounting the leading idea was to create a model that could be imitated by any amateur who is mechanically inclined without the help of expensive factory facilities. The first requirement is unlimited ambition and endurance. If not sure about this, do not attempt it. The second is a supply of regular machinist's tools, including lathe (if possible, screwcutting) and a medium-sized drill press (up to inch drills). The cost of materials, mirror not included, runs to about $125.00. The fork type mounting was selected because it is simple, omitting an extra declination axis and counterweight ; also being mounted in the center of the observatory it will point radially through the slot of the dome, thus having a most efficient posi-


Abstract The paper reviews the physical oceanography of the seas around New Zealand as known up to 1982 and includes: deep‐ocean water characteristics and mean flow; fronts, tides, and coastal and continental shelf oceanography; and waves and tsunamis.


This study estimated ammonium retention in a drainage canal in tropical region. We first surveyed seasonal patterns of inorganic nitrogen loading from three land use types, pig farm, aquaculture and paddy field in Thachin River basin. The maximum ammonium concentration observed was then use in a tracer experiment to estimate ammonium retention in a drainage canal. Our results showed that pig farm is the largest point source of nitrogen among three land use types, and ammonium concentrations in the canal in pig farm area were significantly higher, about 10 to 20 times higher than in rice farm and aquaculture areas during the dry season. Ammonium concentration decreased as water flows into a larger canals and the main stream of the Thachin River, suggesting dilution and in-channel nitrogen retention. Co-injection of NaCl and NH4Cl revealed the presence of ammonium retention in the study canal. The ammonium retention increased as the injected ammonia arrived but quickly stabilized around 1 mgL -1 . This result suggests that maximum ammonia concentration of 40 mgL -1 observed in the canal would likely be beyond the capacity of the in-channel ammonium retention. Therefore, the smaller effect of in-channel retention in the concentrated canal in pig farm is expected.


This invention provides a gate control method for media gateways including: a media gateway controller sends gate control information to its gateway about controlling its media flows, which controls the media flows flown on it based on said gate control information.


Some annotations of zhongshen(终身) in Mencius (孟子) made by our predecessors are all wrong,considering its context.The actual meaning of a word is often determined by its context,and therefore should be annotated in its context.Grasping the context of zhongshen,the author thinks that zhongshen in Mencius actually refers to the meaning of the whole family.


Objective: The exact mechanism of interference between cadmium and bone mineralization remains for further studies. Therefore this study aimed at assessing the associations between urinary cadmium levels as an indicator of body burdenand osteoblastic and osteoclastic biological bone markers as an indicators of bone effects in middle aged welders. Methods: The studied population consist of a group of welders (n=30) selected from two welder shops in EL Manial and those who were engaged in welding work in Kasr Al-Aini hospital and matched control (n=20). All participants were subjected to occupational and medical history, creatinine-corrected urinary cadmium (U-Cd) as an indicator of the whole body burden and biochemical markers of bone turnover. Bone formation and bone resorption were assessed bymeasuring the N-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP) and C-telopeptide crosslaps of type I collagen (CTX-1) respectively. Results: U-Cd and CTX-1 were significantly higher in welders when compared to the controls. Further comparison of the exposed group(regarding U-Cd level ≤ 5 μg/ g cr and > 5 μg/ g cr) and control revealed statistically significant differences as regard U-Cd and CTX-1 in addition to statistically significant lower mean value of P1NP only in the group of U-Cd > 5 μg/ g cr than that in control group. On correlating U-Cd on one hand with duration of work, smoking index, CTX-1and P1NP on the other, non significant correlation was found. In conclusion our study mayconfirm other studies which claim that Cd increase osteoclastic bone markers and hence has a direct bone effect.


Geophysical study based on parts large, super large and polymetallic deposits discover, substance and energy intense exchanges in depths of Earth under the affect'of heat power. When hydrothernal ( magma) upwelling along channel ( shatter belt, weak formation or faults) , the mineral elements are congregated in deep suitable position of rock stratum. It is necessary that there are formed large and relatively large in acidity, intermediate acidity and basic-ultrabasic magmatic rock mass at the same time. There these types magmatic rock are carried thermal energy and actuated the deep matter divergence, regulate again replacement, alteration and metamorphism with effect of wall rocks. In this deep process and under environment of medium and structure, mineral elements are congregated nearby the large or relatively large magmatic rock mass and coupling. Thus there are formated large, superlarge and polymetallic deposits.


A new level shifter is proposed in this paper that mitigates the contention problem between its pull-up and pull-down switches without suffering the delay penalty. Comparing this new one with two conventional shifters (CLS-1 and CLS-2) indicates that CLS-1 and CLS-2 have the delay times which are 308% and 26% slower than the proposed shifter when V DDL /V DDH =0.3 and the fan-out=2, respectively. In addition, the comparison of power-delay products shows CLS-2 consumes 28.5% more energy than the proposed shifter. For the layout area, the proposed shifter needs only 15% more than CLS-2.


The rapid development of technologies and their rapid transformation influenced changes in the world and people's lives and the educational process evolved. Traditional methods of education are enriched with modern technologies, and digital devices become significant elements in modern education. Social network platforms are an important part of life in modern society, they are visited daily by a huge number of people using computers, tablets and smartphones. Their popularity has made them convenient for use in various fields. These platforms have been accepted as student learning support tools, which is why they are increasingly important in the field of higher education. The paper explores the use of social network platforms in higher education, with a focus on social networking services provided by Instagram. In this research, we tried to determine whether the students of journalism and communication used Instagram for educational purposes. Students (N=100) were surveyed through a printed questionnaire at the Faculty of Philosophy. The results show that most students use social networking services for educational purposes. The platform they use for this purpose is Facebook. When it comes to Instagram, most respondents have an Instagram account but do not use it in education.


Advances in Information Technology (IT) have changed the nature of services, letting it become increasingly digitized. Pro-active services represent a new kind of digital service delivery model promising added value for the receiver of the service who can consume a service without being concerned about its initiation. However, research has provided neither adequate conceptualizations for these novel digital services nor insights into customers' attitudes and readiness to accept them. To our knowledge, the present study is first in filling this research gap. We provide three metaphors, simplification, enhancement and outsourcing, for different classes of pro-active services. Moreover, we develop a causal model for explaining customer acceptance of pro-active services that is evaluated quantitatively adopting a scenario-based approach for an enhancement service. As an example we choose the readiness of students to accept a pro-active digital service from their education provider. Our findings reveal outcome evaluation as the strongest predictor of attitude. Additionally, attitude is determined by control beliefs and trust. Attitude towards pro-active service affects the customer's willingness to accept the pro-active service. The presented findings help service organizations in designing pro-actives services that are presumably accepted by customers.


In prose that shimmers with emotional insight and precise observation, Benjamin Markovits unlocks the souls of three teachers and a student at a wealthy private school in Riverdale, New York. For all of them, fathers and fatherhood exert a gravitational pull. Biology teacher Amy Bostick has always adored her all- American dad, but now she pulls away as she falls in love with a rich alum. Another biology teacher, Howard Peasbody, finds fatherhood thrust upon him when he discovers that a fling seventeen years before has produced a daughter, Francesca, the best friend of one of his students. English teacher Stuart Englander yearns powerfully for the children his marriage won't deliver him, leading him into awkward intimacy with his student Rachel Kranz, who, independent of her teachers' dramas, is moving closer to her own father as he dies. Shockingly beautiful and melancholy by turns, this novel is a triumph-full of satisfactions of the kind that only great literary fiction can provide.


This paper mainly studies the effect of scale-free characteristics on capacity in three-dimensional wireless social networks. The network capacity is related to three parameters: social concentration factor α, communication activity factor β and clustering factor γ. According to the connection degree of the scale-free features, namely, the size of the social group, all nodes are divided into two types: 'social-butterfly' nodes and normal nodes. The capacity of two kinds of nodes is related to different parameters. The number of 'social-butterfly' nodes is small de facto, and the capacity of normal nodes is more complicated according to the community characteristics of the network. We have proposed the theoretical capacity of two kinds of nodes under evenly bandwidth allocation respectively. Meanwhile, we simulated the variation of the threshold q0 under different n and α. We found that q0 is close to 66:7% of the maximum number of group members, which is groudbreaking.


A.Device TO STORE AND TAKE AN AUTOMATICALLY OF SAID ELEMENTS "interludes" ESTABLISHED TO CHARGE, ADVANCE AND DISCHARGE OF CERTAIN PRODUCTS IN A FREEZER HORIZONTAL PLATE. B.CARACTERISE Online IT INCLUDES IN AN AREA ADJACENT TO THAT CAB 2 AND OUTSIDE THE LATTER, 11 MEANS ESTABLISHED TO RECEIVE AND SUPPORT SUCH interludes, AND IT CONTAINS A MECHANICAL DEVICE 17, 14, 9 ABLE TO TAKE, FOR A A, the interludes RELEASED THE CABIN, TO TAKE, ONE BY ONE, ON WAYS 11 ESTABLISHED FOR RECEIVING AND SUPPORT. C.Apparatus FOR OPERATION ABSOLUTELY AUTOMATIC FREEZER.


Fig I Histamine released by human skin mast cells challenged and rechallenged with a-IgE. At time 0 of experiment, SMC cocultured with F were presensitized with IgE and incubated with TG** buffer alone or with buffer conuining 10% a-IgE antibodies (first challenge) for 20 min at 37°C. Supernatants were then collected for histamine assay, and cultures were washed and incubated with DMEM" At indicated time points, SMC/F which underwent activation at time 0 were again presensitized with IgE antibodies and rechallenged with a-IgE (second challenge). Cultures that were incubated with buffer at time 0 were either incubated with buffer (spontaneous histamine release) or activated for first time with a-IgE (first challenge). Spontaneous histamine relea.se was always less than 10%. Data are mean±SEM of 3-6 experiments performed in duplicate.


A 96-well filtration-based 5-HT1A receptor-radioligand binding assay was optimized and adapted to carry out a bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanol extract of the bark of Popowia odoardi Diels (Annonaceae). This purification led to the isolation of two compounds identified as O-methyldauricine (1) and popisidine (2), which bind competitively to 5-HT1A receptors at high concentrations with Ki values of 4.5 and 5.8 μM, with [3H]8-OH-DPAT as the radioligand. These results suggest that both of these bisbenzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids influence the activity of 5-HT1A receptors through competitive binding as agonists or antagonists and may possess anxiolytic and anti-depressive effects.


The 1st and 2nd of December 2004, Mozambique's voters went to the polls in the third parliamentary and presidential elections since the introduction of a multiparty system and the end of the country's civil war. Characteristic for these elections was a surprisingly low voter turnout of about 36 %. After the end of the civil war in 1992, and in its first free multiparty elections, 88 % of the electorate participated and demonstrated their support for the peace and democratization process. At that point, for most voters, elections symbolized the return of peace, and the majority of them expected an improvement of their living conditions from the new democratic set-up. In 1998, Mozambique's democratization process encountered its first set-back when voter turnout at the local elections remained as low as 14. 6 %. An election boycott by Renamo, a lack of alternatives to Frelimo, the chaotic organization of the election itself and an insufficient civic education which failed to explain to voters the significance of local elections and its process, were mainly responsible for the high voter abstention. On the other hand, the apathy also indicated the population's frustration with the failure of the Frelimo government to deliver meaningful social services which would improve the living standards for the majority of Mozambicans. To the contrary, the people faced increasing living costs and a deterioration of public services. In 1999, Mozambique's voters returned to the ballot boxes for the second parliamentary and presidential elections. The relatively high turnout of 68.5% bestowed the winners of both elections with sufficient legitimacy. A high level of voter participation was also expected in 2004, because of the narrow margin of votes casted for Frelimo candidate Joaquim Chissano and his Renamo opponent, Afonso Dhlakama, in 1999 (difference of 205593 votes). Anticipated was also the question whether it would come, for the first time, to the so called ,,turnover test" that according to political scientist Samuel Huntington, has to be seen as a criteria for the consolidation of democracy. Election campaigning of both major parties but also of the newcomer, the 2003 established ,,Partido


An effective two-body density operator for point nucleon system folded with two-body correlation functions, which take account of the effect of the strong short range repulsion and the strong tensor force in the nucleon-nucleon forces, is produced and used to study the ground state two-body charge density distributions ) (r ch and elastic electron scattering form factors ) (q F for d s 1 2 − shell nuclei with N Z = (such as Ne, Mg, Si and S nuclei). It is found that the inclusion of the two-body short range correlations (SRC) has the feature of reducing the central part of ) (r ch significantly and increasing the tail part of ) (r ch slightly, i.e., it tends to increase the probability of transferring the protons from the central region of the nucleus towards its surface and to increase the root mean square charge radius 2 / 1 2 > < r of the nucleus and then makes the nucleus to be less rigid than the case when there is no SRC. It is also found that the effects of two body tensor correlations (TC) on ) (r ch and 2 / 1 2 > < r are in opposite direction to those of SRC. Introduction The charge density distribution ) r ( ch is one of the many most important quantities in nuclear structure which was well studied experimentally over a wide range of nuclei. This interest in ) r ( ch is related to the basic bulk nuclear characteristics such as the shape and size of nuclei, their binding energies, and other quantities which are connected with ) r ( ch . Besides, the density distribution is an important object for experimental and theoretical investigations since it plays the role of a fundamental variable in nuclear theory [1]. The inclusion of short range and tensor correlation effects is rather a complicated problem especially for the microscopic theory of nuclear structure. Several methods were proposed to treat complex tensor forces and to describe their effects on the nuclear ground state [2,3]. A simple phenomenological method for introducing dynamical short range and tensor correlations was presented by Dellagiacoma et al. [4]. In that method, a two-body correlation operator was introduced to act on the wave function of a pair of particles. A similar correlation operator was proposed earlier by Da Proveidencia and Shakin [5] as well as by Malecki and Picchi [6] for describing the short range correlation effects. The effect of the short range correlations due to the repulsive part of twobody interaction on the charge form factor of several p-shell nuclei had been analyzed in detail [7] with an independent particle model (IPM) generated in the harmonic oscillator (HO) well [8,9]. In Ref. [7], it was shown that the high-momentum parts (q>3 fm) of the form factors calculated with and without correlations behave in completely different ways, which indicate that electron scattering at high momentum transfer could give useful information on the short-range correlations. The one-body charge density distributions of the ground state, elastic and inelastic electron scattering longitudinal form factors of 1p-shell [10,11] and 2s-1d shell [12,13,14] nuclei have been calculated with including the higher shells using the single particle wave functions of the harmonic oscillator potential. These studies have shown that introducing an additional parameter, that reflects the deviation of the occupation numbers of the states from the predictions of the simple shell model, leads to a very good agreement between the calculated and experimental results of the charge densities and elastic form factors. Core polarization effects [10,11,13,14] have been considered in the calculations of the inelastic form factors where these effects are


This research aim to know the effect of essential oil and its concentrations on the growth of banana plantlets. The experiment has been done in tissue culture laboratory of banana germplasm unit in Yogyakarta Spesial Territory (DIY). This study has been done in September until November 2016. It was a 3 x 3 factorial experiment and one control, arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. The treatment consists two factors. The first factor is essential oil consisting of three kinds of essential oil i. e. clove oil, gandapura oil, and red ginger oil. The second factor is the concentration of essential oil which is 500, 750, and 1,000 ppm. Each treatment consisted of three bottles. The explant were obtained from 6 months old subculture. Variables observed were changes in plantlets height, fresh weight and dry weight of plantlets, root number of plantlets, and number of new growing plantlets. The results showed there's no interaction between kinds and concentration of essential oil on the growth of banana plantain plantlets. The effect of red ginger oil on plantlets growth is better than clove and gandapura oil. Red ginger oil cause new plantlets grow faster and the concentration of 500 ppm yield the highest number of new growing plantlets .


VNIR multi-spectral image sensor has wide applications in remote sensing and imaging spectroscopy. An image spectrometer of a spatial remote programmable push-broom sensing satellite requires visible near infrared band ranges from 0.4μm to 1.04μm which is one of the most important bands in remote sensing. This paper introduces a method of design the driving system for 1024x1024 VNIR CCD sensor for programmable push-broom remote sensing. The digital driving signal is generated by the FPGA device. There are seven modules in the FPGA program and all the modules are coded by VHDL. The driving system have five mainly functions: drive the sensor as the demand of timing schedule, control the AD convert device to work, get the parameter via RS232 from control platform, process the data input from the AD device, output the processed data to PCI sample card to display in computer end. All the modules above succeed working on FPGA device APA600. This paper also introduced several important keys when designing the driving system including module synchronization, critical path optimization.


Ireland is the third most globalised nation in the world Ernest and Young 2013 report This reflective paper addresses key drivers of organisational change (including globalisation as referred to in the quote above) and what this means at the level of the organisation and at the level of the Lacanian subject (individual employee). It looks at strategies organisations are adopting to survive in a hyper competitive environment and how these strategies are interpreted / responded to by the subject. The paper utilises a Freudian / Lacanian lens to interrogate subjective responses to organisational change. For some subjects the changed organisational landscape will bring benefits and for others pain.


In this study,124 of F2 plants from the cross combination of the dwarf cucumber D8 and the vine plant JIN5 were used to screen the molecular marker linked to the dwarf mutant gene in cucumber with ISSR molecular tagging and BSA(bulked segregation analysis)method.UBC818,a specific primer of polymorphism,was obtained from eighty ISSR primers screening for a cucumber dwarf traits specific in the dwarf line.The marker from the results of PCR with UBC818 was tested in individual DNAs reaction for the F2 population and the UBC818 amplified fragment could only be detected in the vine plants.Linkage analysis showed that the genetic distance between the specific marker and the cucumber dwarf mutant gene was 11.1 cM.According to the sequence of the fragment analysis,one pair of primers had been designed.The ISSR marker was successfully converted into a SCAR marker which was named UBC818-S.


Abstract A thin Lie algebra is a Lie algebra L, graded over the positive integers, with its first homogeneous component L 1 of dimension two and generating L, and such that each nonzero ideal of L lies between consecutive terms of its lower central series. All homogeneous components of a thin Lie algebra have dimension one or two, and the two-dimensional components are called diamonds. If L 1 is the only diamond, then L is a graded Lie algebra of maximal class. We present simpler proofs of some fundamental facts on graded Lie algebras of maximal class, and on thin Lie algebras, based on a uniform method, with emphasis on a polynomial interpretation. Among else, we determine the possible values for the most fundamental parameter of such algebras, which is one less than the dimension of their largest metabelian quotient.


In my view the force of Kripke's argument is little appreciated because it is widely conflated with a significantly different argument, the 'two-dimensional argument against physicalism'. Kripke's argument is much better than this two-dimensional argument. It is easy for contemporary physicalists to answer the two-dimensional argument. But Kripke's original argument calls for a much more complicated response.


This article describes the outcome of author's Master Thesis written in the Institute of Machine Design Fundamentals of Warsaw University of Technology. One of development directions of automotive industry is mass reduction. In many cases this is brought to change of material from conventional steel/aluminum to composite structures. This kind of change may have major influence on dynamic response of the system, resulting sometimes with higher vibration amplitude and/or moving system's natural frequencies into machine's oper ational speed range. One of most common parts uprated this way is car's drive shaft. Following study concerns the problem of torsional vibration acting on composite shaft system and dynamic elimination of these vibrations. Starting with the physical model and its translation to mathematical model, results, sys tem dynamics improvement, and benefits of chosen method are presented. 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION Picture 1. Physical model of considered system Considered is n-layer laminated shaft treated as continuous system, and described by following physical properties: length l, Young's Modulus E1 (in fibers direction) and E2 (in direction


We have developed a new guest-host reflective display using a dye-doped dual-frequency liquid crystal (DFLC) gel. By combining dye absorption and maximal light scattering, the display is polarization independent and exhibits a high contrast (∼ 230:1). The high reflectivity (R ∼ 50%) is because of the vertical aligned structure at 0 Vrms. The fast response time (∼ 5 ms) is also fast due to the frequency modulation. A black and white segmented-alphabet reflective display prototype is also demonstrated.


Grasp planning is formulated as a unified problem, fusing the previously decoupled subproblems of locating and matching contacts on the hand and on the payload. To achieve this, the problem is formulated in the CX-space which is denoted as the Cartesian product of the hand's configuration space (Cspace), and a space of relative poses between the hand and the payload (X-space). This approach alleviates some difficulties which are unresolved when a search is performed in the hand's C-space alone. A number of kinematic aspects of grasping are addressed by associating them with sets in the CX-space. Solving for a desired grasp then requires identifying a CX-space configuration which lies in the intersection of these sets. Rather than recommending a search technique, this paper presents the framework for this novel formulation. As a demonstration, portions of the CX-space associated with a simulated Utah-MIT hand and a spherical payload are examined


Abstract This paper analyzes an interface-unfitted numerical method for distributed optimal control problems governed by elliptic interface equations. We follow the variational discretization concept to discretize the optimal control problems and apply a Nitsche-eXtended finite element method to discretize the corresponding state and adjoint equations, where piecewise cut basis functions around the interface are enriched into the standard linear element space. Optimal error estimates of the state, co-state and control in a mesh-dependent norm and the L 2 {L^{2}} norm are derived. Numerical results are provided to verify the theoretical results.


In this work, the thickness of TiN/TiCN coating has been analyzed, obtained in PACVD (plasma assisted chemical vapour depostion) on stainless martensitic steel X22CrMoV12-1. The process PACVD produced a TiN / TiCN coating with two different thicknesses. The coating thickness was determined by calotest, and the coating adhesion test was performed by impregnating the indentor according to VDI 3198. From the results, the adhesion of the TiN / TiCN coating adhesion to its thickness was determined, with the thinner coating having a better adhesion.


Novel pyridine‐derived compounds (5–19) were designed and synthesized, and their anticancer activities were evaluated against HepG2 and MCF‐7 cells, targeting the VEGFR‐2 enzyme. Compounds 10, 9, 8, and 15 were found to be the most potent derivatives against the two cancer cell lines, HepG2 and MCF‐7, respectively, with IC50 = 4.25 and 6.08 µM, 4.68 and 11.06 µM, 4.34 and 10.29 µM, and 6.37 and 12.83 µM. Compound 10 displayed higher activity against HepG2 cells than sorafenib (IC50 = 9.18 and 5.47 µM, respectively) and doxorubicin (IC50 = 7.94 and 8.07 µM, respectively). It also showed higher activity than doxorubicin against MCF‐7 cells, but lower activity than sorafenib. Compounds 9, 8, and 15 displayed higher activities than sorafenib and doxorubicin against HepG2 cells but exhibited lower activities against MCF‐7 cells. Compound 10 potently inhibited VEGFR‐2 at an IC50 value of 0.12 µM, which is nearly equipotent to sorafenib (IC50 = 0.10 µM). Compounds 8 and 9 exhibited very good activity with the same IC50 value of 0.13 µM. The six most potent derivatives, 6, 9, 8, 10, 15, and 18, were tested for their cytotoxicity against normal Vero cells. Compounds 6, 8, 9, 10, 15, and 18 are, respectively, 1.13, 3.74, 4.18, 3.64, 2.81, and 2.00 times more toxic to HepG2 and 2.06, 1.58, 1.76, 2.54, 1.40, and 2.69 times more toxic to MCF‐7 breast cancer cells than in normal Vero cells.


The modified asymptotic description of dispersive Gaussian pulse propagation, which is uniformly valid in the initial pulse envelope width, is shown to reduce to the energy velocity description when the propagation distance becomes sufficiently large in a Lorentz model dielectric. This then resolves the apparent controversy between the modern asymptotic description upon which the energy velocity description is based and the classical group velocity description of Gaussian pulse propagation and related experimental results. [S0031-9007(96)01070-8] PACS numbers: 42.25.Bs The effects of frequency dispersion and absorption on the dynamical evolution of an electromagnetic pulse as it propagates through a homogeneous, isotropic, linear dielectric are properly described by asymptotic methods of analysis as originally investigated by Sommerfeld [1] and Brillouin [2] in 1914 using the method of steepest descents and improved upon and corrected by Oughstun and Sherman [3 ‐ 5] using modern asymptotic expansion techniques [5]. This analysis clearly shows that after the pulse has propagated a sufficiently large distance into the medium its dynamics settle into a mature dispersion regime [5,6] in which the propagated field becomes locally quasimonochromatic with fixed local frequency, wavelength, and attenuation in each region of space that travels with its own characteristic velocity. The theory provides asymptotic expressions for the local wave properties at any given space-time point in the field domain. A physical explanation of these local wave properties was provided by Sherman and Oughstun [7] in 1981 with its entire proof just recently given [8]. In 1982, Chu and Wong [9] published experimental results for picosecond laser pulses propagating through thin samples of a linear dispersive dielectric whose peak absorption never exceeded 6 absorption lengths that were purported to disprove the energy velocity description while verifying the group velocity description. When combined with the Gaussian pulse results [10] of the modern asymptotic theory, the recently published modified asymptotic description [11,12] of Gaussian pulse propagation is found to provide the basis for a complete explanation of this apparent discrepancy. Consider an input Gaussian envelope modulated harmonic wave of constant applied carrier frequency vc . 0 and initial full pulse width 2T . 0 that is centered about the time t0 . 0 at the plane z › 0, given by fstd › ustd sinsvct 1c d


An Infrared optical modulation (reticle or chopper) is used to provide directional information of infrared system for tracking and to suppress the unwanted signals from backgrounds. In this paper an infrared optical modulation using Photorefractive crystal associative memory (PRAM) technique will be provided. The proposed PRAM is used to replace the optical modulator (reticle) by using an associative hologram technique. The hologram is insert in the optical path between the optical lens of the optical system and the detector in the focal plane of the lens. When the IR fluxes illuminate the hologram, the hologram redirects the flux to the desired direction. A particular arranged detector generating the codes correspond to its position. By use of the optical signal processing and neuron network theorem, the background radiation of IR system can be suppressed effectively. Computer simulation results of PRAM based IR optical modulation are shown to be consistent with the theoretical analysis.


The aim of the present study was to investigate the physiological responses of six tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill .) cultivars to water stress. To this end, plants were exposed to slow dehydration at the third unfolded leaf stage for 23 days. The relative water content (RWC), leaf area and leaf L-proline were determined at 10, 17 and 23 days after treatment application. Our results showed that during slow dehydration, the leaf RWC declined in all studied genotypes, whereas L–proline accumulated. A statistically significant effect of the sampling date (water stress duration) on RWC values was also observed. In addition, the differences in proline content were significantly influenced by tomato genotype, sampling date and the level of substrate saturation. Putting all these together, the results of this study indicate that the adaptive potential of the studied genotypes was expressed in a different relationship between the relative water content and growth of the leaf area. However, three of the tomato genotypes exhibited reduced growth in leaf area in response to the decreased RWC, whereas other tomato genotypes retained a balanced RWC accompanied by further growth of the leaf area.


. Abstract ! Sustained-release opioids are an important element in therapy of tumor pain. All of the three opiods available in Germany – morphine, oxycodone and hydromorphone – are having a strong analgesic efficacy. But there are certain pharmacologic differences with regard to the active metabolites, the interaction profile, the effect on p-glycoprotein and the pharmacokinetic profile. When choosing opioids the half-value duration and the phenomenon of dose-dumping are further criterias to be taken into consideration.


In a chloroactate buffer solution(pH 3.2) containing Se(Ⅳ), a sensitive polarographic adsorptive wave of antimony(Ⅲ) rutin complex was obtaind by using single sweep polarography. The prensence of selenium(Ⅳ) could enhance the sensitivity. The peak potential appear at -0.33 V(vs.SCE). The peak height was linearly proportional to the concentration of antimony(Ⅲ) over a range of 1.6×10 -9 ~5×10 -6 mol/L with a detection limit of 4×10 -10 mol/L. The properties of polarographic wave and the electrode reaction mechanism were discussed. The method was used to determination of antimony in zinc alloys.


We report results for the branching fractions B ( B 0 → D ∗ + π − ) = (2 . 62 ± 0 . 02 ± 0 . 09) × 10 − 3 and B ( B 0 → D ∗ + K − ) = (2 . 22 ± 0 . 06 ± 0 . 08) × 10 − 4 . The quoted uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The measurements are performed using (771 . 6 ± 10 . 6) × 10 6 B meson pairs recorded by the Belle experiment. A measurement of the ratio of these branching fractions is also presented, cancelling systematic uncertainties arising due to the D ∗ meson reconstruction; R K/π = B ( B → D ∗ + K − ) / B ( B → D ∗ + π − ) = (8 . 41 ± 0 . 24 ± 0 . 13) × 10 − 2 . We report a new QCD factorization test based on the measured ratios for B → D ∗ + h − and B → D ∗ + (cid:96) − ν decays at squared momentum transfer values equivalent to the mass of the hadron, h − . The parameter | a 1 ( h ) | is measured to be | a 1 ( π ) | = 0 . 884 ± 0 . 004 ± 0 . 003 ± 0 . 016 in B → D ∗ + π − decays, and | a 1 ( K ) | = 0 . 913 ± 0 . 019 ± 0 . 008 ± 0 . 013 in B → D ∗ + K − decays. The last uncertainties account for all external inputs. These values are approximately 15% lower than those expected from theoretical predictions. Subsequently, flavor SU (3) symmetry is tested by measuring the ratios for pions and kaons, | a 1 ( K ) | 2 / | a 1 ( π ) | 2 = 1 . 066 ± 0 . 042 ± 0 . 018 ± 0 . 023, as well as for different particle species. The value is consistent with unity and therefore no evidence for SU (3) symmetry breaking effects is found to 5% precision in this test.


[Objective]The research aimed to study Pb2+adsorption effect by phytic acid and sepiolite composite adsorbent of heavy metal. [Method]By using phytic acid and sepiolite,composite adsorbent of heavy metal was prepared,and its adsorption effect on Pb2+was studied. [Result]Phytic acid and sepiolite composite adsorbent of heavy metal had very good adsorption effect on Pb2+. The optimum adsorbent dosage was 20 g / L,the optimum adsorption temperature was 40 ℃,and the optimal adsorption pH was 4. The adsorbent could be regenerated and was convenient for repeated utilization. [Conclusion] Phytic acid and sepiolite composite adsorbent of heavy metal would have broad prospect in wastewater treatment field.


The organization of the team work for collective learning is not only the base for the information society and the age of knowledge economy.It is also,in the modern management field,becoming more and more important.With the transformation of Chinese higher education from elite education to mass education,universities will either face challenges or meet opportunities.This paper applies the basic principle and methods to discuss the construction of learning college and illuminate the pathes and ways in construction the learning universities.


Machine learning (ML) theories and methods are mainly based on probability theory and statistics. It is a very powerful tool for data modelling. On the other hand, energy harvesting has been regarded as a viable solution to extending battery lifetime of wireless sensor network. Motivated by these, modelling of the radio frequency (RF) energy available to the wireless nodes is required for efficient operation of wireless networks. In this work, we will use different ML algorithms to model the RF energy data for efficient operation of energy harvesting communication systems. Four ML algorithms are studied and compared in terms of the accuracy for RF energy modelling using the energy data in the band between 1805 and 1880 MHz. The results show that linear regression (LR) has the highest accuracy and the most stable performance, while decision tree is the worst model. Also, in terms of the operation efficiency of the system, LR has the best performance, followed by support vector machine and random forest algorithm.


In recent years a number of applications with multirobot systems (MRS) is growing in various areas. But their design is in practice often difficult and algorithms are proposed for the theoretical background and do not consider errors and noise in real conditions, so they are not usable in real environment. These errors are visible also in task of target localization enough, when robots try to find and estimate the position of the target by the sensors. Localization of target is possible also with one robot but as it was examined target finding and localization with group of mobile robots can estimate the target position more accurately and faster. The accuracy of target position estimation is made by cooperation of MRS and particle filtering. Advantage of usage the MRS with particle filtering was tested on task of fixed target localization by group of mobile robots. Keywords—Multi-robot system, particle filter, position estimation, target localization.


The researching development on the characteristics of low frequency loudspeakers is expounded. The interaction between QTS and other parameters are given. Finally, how to derive the fomulas of QTS is discussed in detail.


The number of $n$-gaussoids is shown to be a double exponential function in $n$. The necessary bounds are achieved by studying construction methods for gaussoids that rely on prescribing $3$-minors and encoding the resulting combinatorial constraints in a suitable transitive graph. Various special classes of gaussoids arise from restricting the allowed $3$-minors.


An environmentally benign process has been established for the production of ibuprofen methyl ester,with ibuprofen and methanol as reactants,p-toluene sulfonic acid(PTSA) as catalyst,and glycerol as the adsorbent of water and the solvent of catalyst.The immiscibility of glycerol and ibuprofen methyl ester was exploited in this benign process.The chromatography was used to isolate the products.For the whole process,there was no discharge of effluent either during the process of synthesis or that of the purification.The reaction conditions have been optimized as follows:the optimal molar ratio of reactants was n(ibuprofen):n(methanol):n(glycerol)=1:10.2:1.4;the optimal amount of PTSA was 1% of ibuprofen;the optimal reaction time was 4 h;and the optimum stirring speed was 300 r/min.Under the optimized conditions,the conversion rate could reach 97.1%,and the yield was more than 95%.Detected by LC/MS,the purity of ibuprofen methyl ester was 99.9%.


AbstractChemical surfactants find a wide range of applications in leather manufacturing practice and they are present in the wastewater at a concentration of 10–200 mg/L. The wastewater after primary, secondary biological, and tertiary treatments contains chemical surfactants at a considerable concentration (60 mg/L). In the present investigation, lipolytic micro-organisms that are capable of utilizing wetting agents (vegetable fatliquor) as the substrate were used to produce lipase. The various conditions such as time, pH, temperature, and concentration of vegetable fatliquor were optimized for the production of lipase. The lipase of an activity 345 U/mL with two different molecular weights 62 and 80 kDa was produced from Lysinibacillus sp. The predominant amino acid present in the lipase was found to be glutamic acid. The lipase was characterized using FT-IR, circular dichroism, and XRD spectroscopy. The purified lipase could be used for destabilization of tannery vegetable fatliquor (TVFL) present in t...


To study the mechanism of growth inhibition of rat breast carcinoma cells by soybean isoflavones, cancer cell line was treated invitro with daidzein and genistein. Microculture tetrazolium(MTT)assay, 3H-TdR incorporation, and cell cycle flow cytometry were usedto study the inhibitory effects of daidzein and genistein on cell proliferation. Results showed that daidzein and genistein could result in adose-dependent and time-dependent growth inhibition and decrease 3H-TdR incorporation in DNA of rat breast carcinoma cell. Flowcytometry showed that cells were accumulating in the S phase, but cell apoptosis was not induced.


The purpose of this research is to examine the internet usage habits of secondary school students and their awareness of cyberbullying in terms of different variables. Of the probabilistic sampling methods, research sampling identified by stratified sampling method has been formed by 559 students from two branches (56 branches in total) selected with simple random sampling method (For example; 5/A and 5/C) at each grade level (5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grades) from 7 schools in Merzifon. Data in the research have been obtained by the form related to the personal information and 'Cyberbullying Scale'. Due to the absence of normal distribution of data, the frequency tables in the analysis of data, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used. According to the results of the research, it has been detected that the cyberbullying related awareness of the secondary school students is low (x=20.24 out of 42); there is no significant difference in terms of gender, having personal computer and mobile phone and there are some significant differences in terms of the variables such as the type of school and class level. While the internet use purposes of the students is mostly making research and doing homework, it is seen that using social network such as Facebook is common among the students despite being illegal due to their ages. KEYWORDS Cyberbullying, Internet Usage, Secondary School Students Language: en


Obesity and hypertension are major public health concerns in the US. We examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure in older Mexican Americans using data from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly (EPESE), a longitudinal study of Mexican Americans aged 65 and over residing in the southwestern US. The study sample was 2404 older Mexican American adults with a mean age of 72.6 years of age at baseline (1993–4). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher in subjects with high BMI categories. The rate of change in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were −0.11 mm Hg and −0.32 mm Hg per year over a 7-year period, respectively. The rate of decline in systolic and diastolic blood pressure over a 7-year period was greater in subjects with BMI categories of 25–<30 kg/m2 and 30–<35 kg/m2 as compared with those subjects with in the lowest and in the highest BMI categories. Hypertension is one of the most prevalent medical conditions affecting older adults. Understanding possible modifiable risk factors that may play a role in the management of hypertension will be beneficial.


The paper presents a new approach to the implementation of laboratory work for students that getting education in the field of radio engineering in disciplines related to the use of information technology. The practical aspects of the application of the "pipeline method of teaching", which was developed by the authors of this work earlier, are considered in the form of a methodological component and examples showing their practical implementation. The possibilities for increasing the motivational component of students are shown, which is necessary to compensate for the growing shortage of engineering staff.


Child protection has become an important issue in the modern world. To guarantee the future generations, children must be protected from all forms of of interference, threats, violence and exploitation carried out by adults. Protection is not only charged to parents, but also to the community, nation and state. This article tries to examine the attitude of Islam towards the issue of child protection through a search of syara arguments. Especially in the Qur'an and in the Hadith. This study finds out that Islam has a broader perspective. In guaranteeing the needs of children. The guarantees start when they are still in the wombs (fetus) to adulthood. This can be understood from the provisions of the Shari'ah which prohibits abortion and provide relief for pregnant women not to fast during the month of Ramadan. In addition, Islam also gives rights to children, such as the right to life, the right to have aqiqah (religious redemption), the right to have a good name, the right to receive breastfeeding for two years, and so on.


Recently,
the "new infrastructure" is the most famous and popular word mentioned by both
governments and individuals in Chinese economy area. The "new infrastructure"
is not only a good driver to face the slumping economy, but also a necessary
strategy for future development. It conforms to the future trend of economic
and social development, adapts to China's current stage of social and economic
development and needs for transformation, and will become a new engine of
social and economic development while strengthening weak links. The "new
infrastructure" mainly refers to the new type of infrastructure related to the
digital economy and energy industry. The development of the "new
infrastructure" is meaningful to current society and development in the future.
This paper introduces the definition and situation of the "new infrastructure"
in China and shows the importance of it. The paper also tries to innovatively analyze
it from both demand side and supply side and some possible issues.


Medical Marijuana in Missouri The Missouri Division of Health and Senior Services will be overseeing the implementation of Amendment 2, which allows the dispensary, manufacturing and cultivating licenses to be awarded to qualified applicants. The legalization of prescription marijuana for purported health purposes will allow individuals to visit and attain the now-legal-item from one of 192 dispensaries throughout Missouri. Stemming from this legislation, several Missouri House bills have been submitted covering a wide range of topics including: giving priority to women and minorities who submit dispensary applications; changes to criminal penalties involving various narcotics, such as fentanyl and cannabidiol (CBD); allowing individuals to sell and


In order to prepare papermaking strength agent,that there are no organic solvent during and after reaction for environmental protection,the cationic polyurethane/polyacrylate composite emulsion was prepared by hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI),polyether diol(PTMG1000),N-methyldiethanolamine(MDEA),styrene(St),butylacrylate(BA)and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate(HEA).e e?ects of the total mole ratio of-NCO and-OH,the content of MDEA,the ratio of St and BA,as well as the amount of PUA on the performance of the papermaking strength agent were investigated.e application experiment results showed that under the condition of n(NCO)/n(OH)=1.0~1.1,w(HEA)=6%,w(MDEA)=8%,w(PUA)=0.8%,the paper strength performance was up to the best,and the paper's tensile strength and the fracture-resist degree were increased by 39.5%and 78.2%, respectively.SEM analysis indicated that paper fracture was caused by fiber breakage,which provided basis for the fact that the cationic polyurethane/polyacrylate can increase interfiber-bonding strength.


Trichothecene mycotoxins exhibit a potent cytotoxicity as well as an inhibition of protein synthesis in animal cells. Based on these biological characteristics, the bioassay methods are developed by using rabbit reticulocvtes, a protozoa Tetrahymena, chicken embryo, mosquito larvae Aedes aegypti, and cultured cells. In this communication, the authors aimed to establish a rapid and specificed bioassay method for trichothecene mycotoxins by using cultured cells of human origin, and adopt this technique for 90 Fusarium species which were isolated from river sediments. The following three cell lines and culture media are examined; (1) HeLa S3, heteroploidy and originated from human uterus carcinoma, was cultured in Eagle's MEM, which was supplemented with 5% calf serum and was adjusted to pH 7.4 by adding 20mM Hepes buffer7); (2) HEK (Human embryonic kindey Flow 4000), diploidy and originated from human foetal kidney, was cultured in Eagle's MEM supplemented with 10% foetal calf serum and adjusted to pH 7.4 by 20 mM Hepes buffer; and (3) HL (human lymphocyte Bri 7), diploidy and originated from human lymphocytes, was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% foetal calf serum and adjusted to pH 7.4 as above.


Insulating resin composition, an insulating resin composition for a polyolefin-based polymer, (a) an ash content of 20 wt% or less, (b) a relative dielectric constant of 2.8 or less, (c) Type A durometer hardness of 90 or less. Further, electric wires and cables, comprising a high pressure insulator 4 made of such an insulating resin composition.


Based upon a survey of the literature, the paper reports factors thought and shown empirically to influence the transfer of technology. Selected factors are discussed at length and placed in their historical, legal and socio–political contexts as appropriate. A summary of all the factors is presented, and these are divided into those fostering and those hindering technology transfer.


A fresh examination has been made of data obtained some years ago when observations were made of the relation between subjective impressions of freshness and the temperature, velocity and humidity of the air. The results are described, and the bearing of certain other factors on freshness impressions is also discussed. The requirements for a pleasant and invigorating atmosphere are stated.


In oil exploration industries, military, automotive, avionics and space applications, electronic parts may be subjected to high loads during shock, vibration and drop-out conditions. These electronic parts can be subjected to strain rate of 1 to 100 per sec during those events as well as experiencing extreme high and low temperatures ranging from -65°C to 200°C. That is why a design optimization on electronic packaging at extreme temperature is necessary and for that studies on high strain rate at extreme temperatures are crucial. Data on the mechanical properties of lead-free solder alloys used for interconnection in electronic packaging at high strain rates is very relevant because SAC solders have shown degradation of mechanical properties at prolonged exposure to storage temperature. Industries have come up with a solution to reduce the degradation by using dopants in SAC solder. It has become imperative to know the material properties with respect to other materials in order to find a suitable material with less aging degradation. QSAC10 and QSAC20 are two such doped solders used for low package structural strength applications. There are no data available for the solder alloys QSAC10 and QSAC20 with extreme low to high operating temperatures. In this study, two doped QSAC solder called QSAC10 and QSAC20 have been subjected to high strain rate testing. Samples with no aging have been subjected to uniaxial tensile tests to measure the mechanical properties of QSAC10 AND QSAC20 for High and Low operating temperature ranging from -65°C to 200°C. The material data has been used to compute the constants for the Anand Visco-Plasticity model. The ability of the model to represent the material constitutive behavior has been quantified by comparing the model predictions of the uniaxial tensile test with the experimental data.


Research and design are two activities that are becoming
 increasingly important in STEM education (Science, Technology, Engineering
 and Mathematics). Research and design projects are often still employed
 separately in school, while these activities are often connected in
 professional practice. The studies in this dissertation indicate that
 teachers and students of the Dutch subjects O&O (Dutch abbreviation for
 'research and design') and NLT (Dutch abbreviation for 'nature, life and
 technology') already have some knowledge of ways in which research and design
 can be connected, and that this knowledge can be developed in a relatively
 short time. However, interviews with teachers and students showed that
 students often skipped the research part of the design cycle. This is
 remarkable, because students were able to state the relevance of research
 within design. A study in the context of the subject NLT showed that both
 teachers and students have a strong idea that design should start with a
 research component. This can be a limiting thought for students with
 different learning preferences. We therefore recommend to offer the research
 and design processes in a more differentiated and varied manner to students.


PURPOSE: An embedded type middleware platform for a handheld RFID reader, the handheld device loading thereof, and an interlock system using the same are provided to supply a platform and a UI(User Interface) for easily developing software for a handheld RFID reader, thereby applying to convenient and various applications. CONSTITUTION: A reader interface component(4) connects RFID readers provided by venders with middleware using a common interface. A filter interface component(5) processes RFID(Radio Frequency ID) tag information transmitted from the reader interface component according to user definition. A connector interface component(6) transfers processing result data to an external application.


Various edge low-frequency fluctuations with distinct characteristics exist in different detached divertor states. Three edge low-frequency fluctuations ( f< 10 kHz), namely low-frequency quasi-coherent fluctuation (LFCF), low-frequency broadband frequency fluctuation (LFBF), and low-n X-point mode (LNXM) on Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), are systematically assessed. The basic features of these fluctuations, such as spectral width, location, mode number, propagating direction, and particle transport capacities, are examined. LFCF occurs when the inner strike point is energy detached or nearly energy detached with Tet,inner∼ 8–15 eV ( Tet,inner is the electron temperature of the inner strike point), and a large electron temperature gap between the inner and outer strike points $?> with ΔTet> 25 eV ( ΔTet is the electron temperature gap between the inner and outer strike points) is essential for the occurrence of LFCF. By contrast, LFBF occurs when the inner strike point is energy detached with Tet,inner< 8 eV, while the outer strike point is nearly energy detached or attached. The ΔTet of LFBF is generally lower than that of LFCF, which is < 25 eV. LNXM is related only to the radiative divertor with impurity seeding and considered to be excited by the geodesic acoustic mode proposed in earlier work (Sun 2021 Nucl. Fusion 61 014002; Diallo 2020 28th IAEA Fusion Energy Conf.), or the coupling of impurity radiation condensation instability and drift waves proposed in a previous work (Ye 2021 Nucl. Fusion 61 116032). In addition, the possible physical mechanisms of LFBF and LFCF are proposed, with LFBF being the purely growing rippling mode and LFCF being the mode formed by the coupling of the rippling mode to the drift waves. Related research may be beneficial to better clarify the various low-frequency fluctuations that occur during different divertor states.