The purpose of our major qualifying project is to develop a hybrid localization algorithm for precise indoor geolocation. There are two main parts to our project. The first involves conducting a performance evaluation on the technologies used: Wi-Fi, RFID, and UWB, to weigh their accuracy against their economic viability. This portion of the project allows us to gain an intimate understanding of each technology, their strength and their weaknesses. The second part of the project is to develop an algorithm that would take in data from Wi-Fi, RFID, and UWB, and produce a localization method that is significantly more accurate. For this part, we design and implement a hybrid localization algorithm to incorporate these various technologies to take advantage of their individual tracking abilities. This is achieved by utilizing Wi-Fi as the foundation, while RFID would act as a corrective measure. We combine RFID with Wi-Fi by using their individual RSS. The UWB portion of the algorithm will be activated if the user is in open space, and the UWB readings are within a certain distance. To increase the accuracy of our system even further, we use an Inertial Navigation System (INS) to count our steps in combination with Wi-Fi and RFID, using Kalman filter. The algorithm development and implementation, along with the analysis of the different technologies, is written in MATLAB. We are able to achieve a more accurate localization method than what is available if Wi-Fi alone is used.


production of potato by fertilization received much attention but now a days, its quality has become more important. It involves in most of the crop rotations, which are grown in India. In potato production, potassium (K) is considered as quality controlling factor due to its active involvement in carbohydrate translocation, nitrogen uptake and its assimilation in the form of protein. Application of K improves protein and starch content in tubers as observed by Rajanna et al. (6) and Uppal et al. (9). At the same time it also influences the absorption of cations like Ca, Mg and Na, which are essentially required for human being as well as animals for bodybuilding and other physical process. Uptake of these elements also found to be influenced by farmyard manure and irrigation. From the nutritional point of view, concentration of these cations, protein and starch content in potato tubers are considered as quality characteristics. The larger size of tubers are also desirable in the modern market. Therefore, the present study was planned to observe the effect of K, FYM and irrigation levels on quality of potato.


This apparatus, a prototype of one being constructed for hotcell examination of irradiated nuclear materials, measures dynamic release rates and integrated volumes of individual gases from materials heated under controlled temperature-time programs. It consists of an inductively heated vacuum furnace connected to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. A computerized control system with data acquisition provides scanning rates down to 1s and on-line tabular and graphic displays. Heating rates are up to 1300/sup 0/C/min to a maximum temperature of 2000/sup 0/C. The measurement range is about 10/sup -6/ to 10/sup -2/ torr-liter/s for H/sub 2/, CH/sub 4/, H/sub 2/O, N/sub 2/, and CO and 10/sup -8/ to 10/sup -2/ torr-liter/s for He, Kr, and Xe. Applications are described for measurements of Kr and Xe in mixed oxide fuel, various gases in UO/sub 2/ pellets, and He in /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ power and heat sources.


The present invention relates to a spindle for a spinning machine having a single motor the driving device (7), said drive means having a spindle rotationally fixed manner with the spindle (1) is connected to the rotor halves (15) and an anti- the stator (12) and the spindle support is rotatably connected to the housing, wherein the housing is supported by a spindle bearing provided in the region of the rotor, and by the spindle bearing disposed beneath the upper half of the rotor (2) axis, a rotor fixed to the sleeve member surrounding the upper bearing, a stator (8) surrounded by the stator on the outside of the housing member, wherein the stator housing is configured as a hollow cylindrical member, wherein a lower edge region of the stator housing member (10) the spindle is connected to the lower half, the upper edge region (18) of the stator laminations ring housing member by means of a sealing element (22) without contact with respect to the upper half of the spindle (2) or with respect to a spindle (21) is connected to the seal attachment portion halves.


Attempts to prepare dl-erythro-N,N-dimethyl-2,3-dihydroxy-3-phenylpropionamide by the usual organic peracid hydroxylation of dl-trans-N,N-dimethylcinnamamide gave unexpectedly a 40:60 mixture of both diastereomers, the threo form being predominant. The anomaly prompted a closer investigation of each of the intermediate stages in the overall hydroxylation process. Epoxidation of dl-trans-N,N-dimethylcinnamamide by monoperphthalic acid gave only dl-trans-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenylglycidamide. Opening of the epoxide ring by acids gave a mixture of dl-erythro and dl-threo diols in a ratio of 40:60. cis-N,N- Dimethyl-3-phenylglycidamide, when subjected to the same ring-opening processes, also gave a mixture, but in a ratio of 75:25.


This paper introduces a new XML-based expressing method of dynamic quality informationinto the quality control of product based on analyzing the characteristic of dynamic qualityinformation. With this, the quality control method based upon knowledge as well as data isestablished for solving quality control problems which appear in the environment of dy-namic changes of quality information.


The present invention relates to a distribution line protection panel for an underground line, in which a state of an underground line installed in an underground pipe buried under the ground and a vibration state of the underground pipe are monitored, so that a worker on the ground can rapidly detect the state of the underground line and the vibration state while detecting the location of the underground line, which is abnormal among a plurality of underground lines, performs the maintenance, and a shelf having the underground line mounted thereon is movable upward, thereby preventing the safety accident due to the electric shock. The distribution line protection panel according to the present invention includes an under pipe buried under a ground, having a space therein, and having a rectangular shape, a base including a support provided on a bottom surface of the underground pipe and installed in a vertical direction, a shelf supported by the support, allowing a plurality of underground lines to be placed thereon, and made of synthetic resin including a transparent material, a sensing panel attached to a lower portion of the shelf to sense the movement of the underground line placed on the top surface thereof, and a control unit connected with the support to communicate with the support, detecting an abnormal signal sensed by the sensing panel, and transmitting information of the abnormal signal to a worker on the ground.


This paper addresses the problem of finding neural networks with optimal topology such that their generalization capability is maximized. Our approach is to combine the use of a penalty function during network training and a subset of the training samples for cross-validation. The penalty is added to the error function so that the weights of network connections that are not useful have small magnitude. Such network connections can be pruned if the resulting accuracy of the network does not change beyond a preset level. Training samples in the cross-validation set are used to indicate when network pruning is terminated. Our results on 32 publicly available data sets show that the proposed method outperforms existing neural network and decision tree methods for classification.


A Novel, rapid, sensitive and selective spectrophotometric method, using 4-aminoantipyrine (AAP) as an electrophilic coupling reagent and iminodibenzyl (IDB) as a chromogen, is proposed for the determination of trace amounts of iron(III) in water, industrial effluent and soil samples. The method is based on the reduction of iron(III) by AAP, which subsequently couples with IDB in a mild hydrochloric acid medium to form a blue coloured product having λ max at 620 nm. The colour is stable up to 24 h and obeys Beer's law in the concentration range of 0.2 - 4.8 µg ml -1 . The optimum reaction conditions and other important analytical parameters were established to enhance the sensitivity of the proposed method. The interference due to various non- target ions was also investigated. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of iron(III) in water, industrial effluent and soil samples. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated in terms of student's t-test and variance ratio F-test that indicated the significance of the proposed method over reference spectrophotometric method.


In recent decades there has been a widespread recognition that water supply systems for human consumption, in addition to complying with legal standards, must present levels of performance that merit the confidence of consumers in the quality that is provided to them The objective of this work aims to analyze the processes and phases of abstraction, treatment and distribution of water by the municipal sanitation company of Benjamin Constant -AM, in addition to evaluating the economic valuation of water, which is part of the privatization model of basic sanitation services, taking as object of analysis, the characteristics adopted by the responsible COSAMA concessionaire. The methodology consisted in the evaluation of the sanitary conditions, as well as compliance with the accepted legal standards for potability of water for human consumption, based on Portaria n ° 2914/2011 of the Ministry of Health, which establishes potability for public supply. In addition to addressing also the calamity crisis in the year 2015, found in the city. Seeking this, always understand about the importance of water in a global context, such as its economic valuation and public sanitation policies. The results indicated that the concessionaire COSAMA, in the role of supply water abstraction, treatment and distribution, have fulfilled their contracts with the public power in the municipality and performing their services, to meet the social demands, especially in areas with properly registered users showing periodically the analyzes of the treated water.


The present invention is a coating of organic metal chemical vapor deposition equipment (MOCVD) quartz sealing for LEDs (Pit) that does not cause crystal defects due to thermal spray coating on the surface of quartz sealing. A method comprising: aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) powder, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) powder, yttrium oxide (Y 2 O 3 ) powder, molybdenum (Mo) powder, aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) powder and molybdenum (Mo) preparing a granulated powder by mixing powder selected from the group consisting of powder (step 1); And coating the granulated powder as a thermal spraying material on the MOCVD quartz ceiling through plasma spraying (step 2). When the thermal spray coating by the coating method of the MOCVD quartz ceiling for LEDs including the, after the completion of the MOCVD deposition process, the reaction by-products are not laminated to the ceiling surface, but laminated to the coating layer, crystal defects on the ceiling surface when cleaning the quartz ceiling (pit) There is an effect that does not occur, and this has the advantage that can extend the life cycle of the MOCVD quartz ceiling more than three times.


Summary If the dairy industry is to meet the challenge dictated by changing times, we must employ new marketing approaches. These new approaches must include the following: (1) Better-trained marketing people in our industry. Our dairy manufacturing graduates need to have a better knowledge of the marketing concept being used in business today. (2) Better understanding on the part of our regulatory people for the need to try out new products and packages using our present facilities. (3) A review of our present pricing structure to determine if it is tailored to modernday marketing. (4) To step up our activity in the development and marketing of new and improved products. (5) Keep up with marketing trends in retail home delivery and wholesale distribution. (6) Recognize the desires and needs of the consumer and plan marketing programs accordingly. (7) Be more aggressive in our advertising and merchandising. We cannot afford to be complacent in thinking that people will always buy dairy products. All market surveys show that the consumer prefers to buy a well-advertised brand. We in the dairy industry must satisfy that preference.


The expected widespread usage of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and the associated diversity of applications will place extra pressure on network resources including bandwidth availability. In networking within IoT, spectrum scarcity requires the consideration of the adaptive cognitive radio (CR) technology to achieve interference-free and on-demand IoT solutions for a number of applications. However, CR networks share the same security weaknesses of legacy wireless networks. Jamming is considered a common attack, where jammers can attack networks in a proactive or reactive approach. In this paper, we study the channel assignment problem under both proactive and reactive jamming attacks. Specifically, we propose a novel probabilistic-based channel assignment mechanism that aims at minimizing the invalidity ratio of CR packet transmissions subject to delay constraints. The proposed scheme exploits the statistical information of licensed primary users activities, fading conditions and jamming attacks over idle channels to provide communicating CR IoT devices with the most secured channels of lowest invalidity ratios. Simulation results show that our proposed security, availability, and quality-aware channel assignment algorithm can significantly improve network performance.


Reprint of Mintz, Sidney W. 1998. Excitantia and the Everyday: The Rise of Plebeian Luxuries. Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society 23 (4): 4–15. The article is based on a paper presented in a workshop titled Consumption, Luxuries and Exchange, organized in Helsinki on the 13th of May 1998.


Basement beneath the Kwanza Basin, Angola, has been reactivated several times since the end of Neocomian rifting and continental separation. Basement uplift has played a major role in controlling the timing and magnitude of seaward translation detached above Aptian salt. The first major basement deformation was a hitherto unrecognized period of crustal uplift beneath the continental rise that began around 75 Ma (Campanian). Uplift of an overlying thick salt plateau in deep water led to line-sourced salt extrusion and seaward advance of the Angola Salt Nappe over the abyssal plain. Exposure of the nappe toe removed the buttress provided by abyssal-plain cover, which triggered gravity-driven seaward translation of Kwanza Basin sediments. A second period of basement uplift in the Miocene was more complex. A group of uplifts below the shelf steepened the bathymetric slope and greatly accelerated downslope translation. Other uplifts located farther inboard had negligible effect on regional bathymetric slope. Instead, only a few small fold-and-thrust belts formed in sediments next to and above the basement blocks. Finally, Miocene–Recent uplift and erosional unroofing of the African continental interior supplied abundant new sediment to the passive margin. Most of this sediment flux bypasses the Kwanza Basin and is accumulating on the abyssal plain. Aggradation of sediments on the abyssal plain has reduced the overall relief of the system and blocked salt-nappe advance. Detached deformation and translation are thus currently slowing to near zero in distal regions.


Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have inaugurated a new era in the treatment of advanced malignancies. It is not only associated with higher progression-free survival and overall-survival but also a durable response that reached to 10 years in certain subsets of patients (1). This superiority over conventional chemotherapy regimens guaranteed an approval for ICIs in second and even first lines in treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. Of those molecularly defined immune targeting, PD-1 and PD-L1 pathways are influential in suppressing effector immune response against tumor. That's why anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) could induce sustainable anti-tumor immune response. Unfortunately, this immune system manipulation may lead to emergence of autoimmune manifestations, usually reported as immune-related adverse effects.


The case report of a 34-year patient who presented multiple schwannomas in the third bifurcation branch of the internal ramus of the musculocutaneous nerve, as well as in the external and internal dorsal collateral nerves of the right second and third toes, respectively, assisted in the Orthopedics Service from "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba is described. The surgical exeresis of 50 lesions of approximately different sizes was carried out. Fourty five days after surgery the discomfort had disappeared and he could return to his habitual working activities.


Greenhouse gases have far-ranging environmental and health effects. They cause climate change by trapping heat and they also contribute to respiratory disease from smog and air pollution. Extreme weather, food supply disruptions, and increased wildfires are other effects of climate change caused by greenhouse gases. In turn, climate change has increased the risk to workers' health and safety. Workers, especially those who work outdoors or in hot indoor environments, are also at increased risk of heat stress and other heat-related disorders, besides occupational injuries and reduced productivity at work. This article aims at contributing to this discussion by means of qualitative analysis and find out how climate change affects the labor market and its various implications on the workforce.


The Richardson variety $X_w^v$ is defined to be the intersection of the Schubert variety $X_w$ and the opposite Schubert variety $X^v$. For $X_w^v$ in the Grassmannian, we obtain a standard monomial basis for the homogeneous coordinate ring of $X_w^v$. We use this basis first to prove the vanishing of $H^i(X_w^v,L^m)$, $i > 0 $, $m \geq 0$, where $L$ is the restriction to $X_w^v$ of the ample generator of the Picard group of the Grassmannian; then to determine a basis for the tangent space and a criterion for smoothness for $X_w^v$ at any $T$-fixed point $e_\t$; and finally to derive a recursive formula for the multiplicity of $X_w^v$ at any $T$-fixed point $e_\t$. Using the recursive formula, we show that the multiplicity of $X_w^v$ at $e_\t$ is the product of the multiplicity of $X_w$ at $e_\t$ and the multiplicity of $X^v$ at $e_\t$. This result allows us to generalize the Rosenthal-Zelevinsky determinantal formula for multiplicities at $T$-fixed points of Schubert varieties to the case of Richardson varieties.


This study aimed to construct a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of rifampicin that can accurately and quantitatively predict complex drug‐drug interactions (DDIs) involving its saturable hepatic uptake and auto‐induction. Using in silico and in vitro parameters, and reported clinical pharmacokinetic data, rifampicin PBPK model was built and relevant parameters for saturable hepatic uptake and UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) auto‐induction were optimized by fitting. The parameters for cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A and CYP2C9 induction by rifampicin were similarly optimized using clinical DDI data with midazolam and tolbutamide as probe substrates, respectively. For validation, our current PBPK model was applied to simulate complex DDIs with glibenclamide (a substrate of CYP3A/2C9 and hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs)). Simulated results were in quite good accordance with the observed data. Altogether, our constructed PBPK model of rifampicin demonstrates the robustness and utility in quantitatively predicting CYP3A/2C9 induction‐mediated and/or OATP inhibition‐mediated DDIs with victim drugs.


In order to study the potential yield of multiple cropping systems in red paddy soil in Southern Hunan Province,continuously improve the economic benefit and soil fertility,promote agricultural sustainable development,a long-term rice-ricegreen manure rotation experiment has been arranged since 1982.In the experiment,milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus),oilseed rape(Brassica napus)and rye grass(Lolium)were planted as green manures,and represented by T1,T2and T3,respective-ly,and winter fallow as CK.Compared with CK,planting green manures could promote rice yield with the order of T1T2 T3.The difference of annual rice yield between planting green manures and CK increased with the passing years,so did the differences between T1and T2,T1and T3,T2and T3.


Governments around the world require that electronic service providers, including telecoms, ISP's, and even online services like Twitter and Facebook, must provide law enforcement agencies (LEA's) with broad access to so-called "business records" including communications metadata. Metadata is data about data; it does not include the contents of the users' communications, but it does typically show who each user communicated with, and at what times, and for how long. Metadata is actually surprisingly powerful, especially in a time when more and more messages are being encrypted from "endto-end." In this paper, we present a new approach for protecting communications metadata and other business records against unwarranted, bulk seizure. Our approach is designed from the start to be robust against this new class of political and legal attack. To achieve this, we borrow the recent notion of cryptographic crumple zones [31], i.e. encryption that can be broken, but only at a substantial monetary cost. We propose that a service provider who wishes to protect their users' privacy should encrypt each business record with its own unique, crumpled, symmetric key. Then, a law enforcement agency who compels disclosure of the records learns only ciphertext until they expend the necessary resources to recover keys for the records of interest. We show how this approach can be easily applied to protect metadata in the form of network flow records. We describe how a service provider might select the work factor of the crumpling algorithm to allow legitimate investigations while preventing the use of metadata for mass surveillance.


The Biirgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB), the German civil code of 1896, is still in force in both East and West Germany. Despite important modifications on both sides and despite special East German legislation on exchange relationships within the state-owned economy, the civil law' of contracts, torts, property, and inheritance is still governed by largely the same provisions and concepts. It is questionable, however, whether this legal unity will last much longer. Since the partition of Germany into eastern and western zones, and particularly since the foundation of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and the Federal Republic in 1949, jurists and government officials in East Germany have attacked the bourgeois civil code and asked for new "socialist" civil law. As early as 1952 at the Second Party Conference of the Socialist Unity Party,2 Ulbricht suggested the theoretical necessity for a new civil code. He reiterated his request at the Fifth Party Congress in 1958, after which legislative commissions were established to work on the preparation of a draft code.3 Although the new code was originally intended to take effect on January 1, 1962,4 it has not yet been


Abstract The Soviet politicization of international youth during the inter-war and wartime years was identified by British policy-makers as a most serious threat to British imperial power. Asserting the significance of and interplay between colonial youth and imperial ideology in the politics of the cultural Cold War, this article thus examines how the British conceptualized and sought to compete in the Cold War 'youth race' between 1945 and 1949. While funding was the most obvious disadvantage, this article argues that Britain's fatal weakness was its inability to escape the consequences of colonialism, including the tendency to rely on repressive legislation.


In automatized industrial systems inactivity due to unplanned shortage of resource or process failures have a great influence on system performance because it generates discontinuities and instabilities. Distributed and autonomous control systems may help to cope with these kinds of problems because of improved performance, but safety issues and real time constraints must be tightly addressed in these systems because of the risks involved (human, financial and environmental). Therefore an intelligent control system instantiated at the local level is proposed to allow each controller to takes critical decisions in an autonomous way. Above this, a remote system manages more complex situations beyond the capabilities of the local control system. The proposed control enables auto-adjustment in the system in order to improve its performance, to prevent and treat unexpected faults. Thus, it learns through events which have occurred in the system and environment, using Artificial Intelligence tools.


The adsorption characteristics of a series of planar (ethylene, benzene, and pyridine) and tetrahedral (methane, chloromethane, dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride) molecules on a carbon molecular sieve used for air separation (CMS A) were investigated over a range of temperatures as a function of pressure, to study the selective porosity. The size-exclusion characteristics of planar and tetrahedral molecules indicate that the selective porosity behaves as though it has spherical-shaped structural characteristics and, therefore, two minimum dimensions need to be considered in relation to size exclusion. The partial exclusion of the probe molecule adsorptives from the microporous structure for sizes >360 pm allowed the selective and nonselective microporosity and the meso/macroporosity to be quantified. Adsorption kinetics obey a linear-driving-force mass transfer, combined barrier resistance/diffusion, or Fickian kinetic models depending on the adsorptive and experimental conditions. Com...


A simple design for a heatable, coolable, rotatable sample manipulator, suitable for ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) applications, is described. Highlights of the design include using a combination power/thermocouple feedthrough for heating, cooling, and temperature measurement; and the use of primarily ''off‐the‐shelf'' components available from most UHV components vendors. The described manipulator is capable of sample cooling to ∼100 K, sample heating to above 900 K, while maintaining 360° of rotary motion, ∼1 in. of x and y motion, and 2 in. of z motion. The apparatus can be assembled for approximately $5500 (all new parts) and uses about 3 3l of liquid N2 per day.


The core subject of ethics is essentially a branch of spiritualism, which is a banyan tree covering the entire gamut of human behavior on righteous path for the well being of society, in simple terms spiritualism, which is closely linked to strong religious faith is a canvas under which ethical values and principles bloom and blossom. Four sources of values, legal regulation, professional codes of ethics, individual values and organizational codes of ethics are identified in business ethics. This article attempts to analyze the sources of values in business, sharing of moral values and morality and its impact on society. The main aim of this study is to examine the professional and organizational codes of ethics in general and individual values in particular.

 Key words: Ethical standards, moral values, organizational codes, ethical crises.


1843 Editorial—Axelsson and Vyazovskiy Notwithstanding its elusiveness, the concept of biological sleep need is highly relevant for understanding neurophysiological mechanisms underlying sleep timing and architecture, maximal capacity for sleep,1 homeostatic sleep regulation,2,3 sleep-dependent renormalization of optimal brain functions,4 and many other aspects. It is also central to the discussion concerning the amount of sleep needed for optimal health,5 especially given the widely held albeit debated view that the modern society is chronically sleep deprived.6–8 Investigating "sleep need" usually entails various methods of sleep curtailment, but experimental paradigms involving "sleep extension" have also been used in multiple studies.9–12 Notably, several studies have reported that extended sleep reduces sleep propensity and improves performance and mood,13–15 which raises an intriguing possibility that sleep does not merely enable a discharge of previously accumulated sleep need, but can provide a reserve of sleep, which could be utilized during subsequent waking. Relatively few studies, however, have addressed this hypothesis directly, and the study by Arnal and colleagues,16 in this issue of SLEEP, provides important novel insights. The first paper suggesting the possibility of "sleep banking" 17 came as a surprise for most sleep researchers.In a well-controlled study where 24 subjects were randomly assigned to sleep either 7 or 9 hours for a week, it was shown that the latter group was more resilient to subsequent chronic sleep restriction when sleep timing was restricted to 3 hours per night. In addition, the data suggested a faster recovery of several neurobehavioral variables in subjects who had obtained "excess sleep" prior to sleep restriction.17 The study by Arnal16 provides further support for the notion that sleep extension improves the tolerance to total sleep deprivation. This was manifested in a reduced number of PVT performance lapses, faster psychomotor speeds and prolonged sleep latency on the MSLT during sleep deprivation after a period of 6 days, where 10 out of 24 hours were spent in bed, as compared to after a similar period with habitual sleep. Some of these effects persisted on the following "recovery" day. Furthermore, the intrusions of microsleeps during wakefulness were less frequent in subjects from the extended sleep group, as compared to habitually sleeping control subjects. Consistent with the study by EDITORIAL


This paper presents a comprehensive study on dynamic performance of a two-area power system interconnected via parallel ac/dc transmission links when subjected to parametric uncertainties. The dynamic model of incremental power flow through dc transmission link is derived based on frequency deviation at rectifier end. Moreover, the dc link is considered to be operating in constant current control mode. To carry out the investigations, optimal AGC regulators are designed using full state vector feedback control strategy and implemented on the system under consideration in the wake of 1% load perturbation in one of the areas. The effect of ± 50% variation in system parameters from their nominal parameter values on system dynamic performance has been studied by investigating the response plots of frequency deviation of disturbed area ( ) ∆F2 with (i) nominal system parameters and (ii) ± 50% variation in system parameter values. The most significant parameters which influence the system dynamic performance are identified.


FIELD: motors and pumps. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of aircraft engine building, in particular to the oil system of an aircraft gas turbine engine. Mains of the oil supply to the oil cavities of the compressor rotor bearings and the drive box of the units are communicated with the ascending branch of the siphon seal, and the main oil supply to the oil cavity of the turbine bearing is communicated with the descending branch of the siphon seal. And the jet of air bleeding is communicated with the highway of pumping oil. EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase the reliability of the oil system operation due to the provision of fire safety. 1 cl, 1 dwg


Article abstract Analysis of the gene GCH1 in 58 patients with dystonia and a positive response to l-dopa revealed mutations in 30 individuals from 22 families. Thirteen of the mutations observed were familial, three occurred de novo, and inheritance could not be determined in six cases. There was no mutation in the promoter region of GCH1 in any patient. The doses of l-dopa given to members of the two groups were not significantly different.


Abstract The problem of causality in non-relativistic scattering where a bounded region of non-linear interaction occurs is re-examined in the context of a paper by Ebel. In the model considered it is shown that the acausal behaviour cannot be accounted for in the straightforward manner that is possible for an energy-dependent but linear potential which gives rise to a similar R-matrix.


The word interactive, when used to described computer based learning resources, has tended to imply better experiences, more active learning, enhanced interest and motivation. But despite the investment in productions to date, this interactive condition has not been consistently realised. Although the surge in internet based communications and collaborative learning activities has extended the opportunities for human-human communication, the complexity of learner-computer interactivity has yet to be fully unravelled. This paper examines the relationship between the independent learner and computer based learning resources, which continue to be integral to educational delivery, especially in the training sector. To place interactivity in context, the first part of the discussion focuses on the major dimensions of interactivity and the different ways they have been characterised in computer based learning environments. These dimensions demonstrate the many ways that interactivity can be interpreted and the critical role that design and development plays in creating effective interactive encounters. The second part of the paper reviews the way storytelling structures and narrative have been promoted as effective strategies for enhancing comprehension and engagement in computer based learning applications. The way in which the interactivity and narrative are linked becomes critical to achieving this outcome. Extending the use of a narrative within interactive media to include elements of performance and theatre, the third part of the discussion proposes that by conceptualising the learner as actor, a form of learner-designer communication can be established. Integrating this approach with elements of conversational and communication theory provides a context in which the learner-computer interface is transcended by that of learner and designer. Enabling this form of communication with the independent learner is suggested as a means to enhance computer based learning environments.


As a special phenomenon under transverse magnetic field (TMF) contacts, vacuum arc rotation deserves more attention. In this article, rotation characteristics of three typical TMF contacts, i.e., swastika-type, cup-shaped, and double-TMF contacts, are systematically studied. According to arc images, recorded by a high-speed camera, physical terms related to arc rotation such as rotation duration and rotation speed are clearly defined. The magnetic field and Lorentz force are calculated and the force balance of the moving arc is analyzed. On this basis, the effects of arc ignition mode, peak current, and contact type on arc rotation are investigated. Arc voltage noise as well as arc splashing outside caused by rotation is also discussed. The results show that the duration from ignition to rotation in two-point arc ignition (TPAI) mode is usually the shortest because of the rapidest constructed column formation. As the peak current increases, arc rotation becomes easier. Due to stronger TMF, the arc under double-TMF contacts has the longest rotation duration and the highest rotation speed.


In recent decades, the problematic of social institutions has come to the forefront in foreign and national social science. It is justified by the fact that namely the institutional environment determines the success of social interactions and utilization of resources for moving towards the evolutionary scenario of development. The author gives close attention to the existing within national and foreign discourse definition of the basic object, and critically assesses the overall state of institutional research in social sciences. The discovered disciplinary narrowness and penchant for field-specific interests despite ambitious demands advance by, for example, economic sciences, substantiate the need for detailed philosophical analysis of social institutions. The author's special contribution lies in critical assessment of the available range of theoretical material in the area of sociological, economic, legal and political sciences. The article demonstrates the continuity and overall dynamics of disciplinary research of the institutions within the discourse of social sciences. The importance of interdisciplinary consideration of problematic areas in the institutional research is emphasized. Link between the effectiveness of functionality of the institutions and cognitive characteristics is traced. The value of constructivist approach is evident due to the increasing role of ideas in social sciences. In conclusion, the author conflates the strong and weak sides of disciplinary works, anticipating future research on the development of the ultimate grounds of institutions.


Cannabis including hashish, marijuana, hemp and skunk For centuries, the addiction to this group of closely allied potent drugs has been common in the Middle East, India and elsewhere – but the hard evidence of its grave consequences was not to be found until the report of Dr John Warnock (Journal of Mental Science, January 1903). He states that for the years 1896–1901, out of 2564 male patients admitted to the Egyptian Asylum at Cairo, 689 were attributed to the use of hashish (27%). He adds that the addiction is responsible for a substantial amount of crime.


2,9,6- Trimethyl phenol is an important starting material for syn thetic Vitamin E. This paper describes the vapour phase catalytic alky lation of m-cresol with methanol over MgO at different conditions of temperature (779-899 K) and pressure (1-90 bar). The reaction depends on the basicity of MgO which is maximum around 779 K as measured by benzoic acid titration. At 779 K and 20-90 bar the m-cresol conversion is 95-100% and 2,9,6-trimethyl phenol selectivity is 80-90%.


This thesis proposes a method of three-dimensional reconstruction of objects using a combination of two different methods, Shape from Silhouette and Shape from Structured Light, focusing on reconstruction of archaeological vessels. Shape from Silhouette is a method suitable for reconstruction of objects with handles, whereas it is unable to reconstruct concavities on an object's surface, such as inside of a bowl. Shape from Structured Light can reconstruct such concavities, but it often creates incomplete models because of camera and light occlusions. The purpose of combining these two methods is to overcome the weaknesses of one method through the strengths of the other, making it possible to construct complete models of arbitrarily shaped objects. The construction is based on multiple views of an object using a turntable in front of stationary cameras. The method is adaptive, because it automatically selects a subset of possible views, guided by the complexity of the object modeled. Results of the algorithm developed are presented for both synthetic and real objects.


In the narrative American historians typically tell about the coming of the Civil War, the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin in 1852 invariably appears on the traditional list of significant events that contributed to the conflict between the North and the South. Historians generally fail to recognize, however, that Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel was simply the most popular work that emerged from a mass of antebellum fictional literature dealing with the subject of American slavery. This tradition began long before Uncle Tom's Cabin, and even before the first abolitionist novel, Archy Moore, was released in 1836 or The Liberator appeared in 1831. The appearance of the black slave in American literary culture originated in the realm of children's fiction produced in both Great Britain and the United States during the opening decades of the nineteenth century. In these narratives, aimed at an audience of tento twelve-yearolds, white authors for the first time fashioned black characters who displayed above all else a childlike docility and a heartfelt devotion to their white benefactors. These representations undercut the manhood of


The paper deals with the competences of a special education teacher in the educational process. In the paper, we describe not only professional criteria, but also personal prerequisities that the given pedagogical profession should meet with regard to the complexity of the work. The work of a special education teacher requires a high degree of expertise, patience and empathy considering the challenging pedagogical situations that arise on a daily basis in the education of pupils with different types and degrees of disability.


The high percentage of porosity in porous concrete pavement tends to decrease its strength. In concrete industry, nano silica is one of the most popular materials that will improve the properties of cementitious materials. This paper, prepared to review the effect of nano silica in cement paste and mortar related to porous concrete pavement. It was found that, by incorporating nano silica with the right composition in cement paste and mortar, it will improve their mechanical properties. By incorporating nano silica in the mixture, it can be predicted that the strengthening effect of nano silica would be further enhanced in porous concrete because the nano silica improve not only the cement paste, but also the interface between paste and aggregate.


To address the state explosion problem in model checking parameterized systems,this paper proposes a generic framework of two-dimension abstraction(TDA),in which the size of the state transition graph for individual process is reduced independently at first,and the whole system composed of reduced processes is then abstracted based on the design method of parameterized systems,thus avoiding the construction of the unreduced model that might be too big to fit into memory.Formal model with true concurrency semantics for parameterized systems,more suitable for describing general concurrency systems, is introduced,which effectively solves the problem of verifying both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.Results from the theoretical reasoning and the example given demonstrate that TDA is correct and feasible.


The dairy activity in Peru is being affected by the low prices in the purchase of fresh milk, discouraging the producers of family agriculture, which has forced them to take a position of social struggle and sell head of cattle to continue sustaining the family economy. This situation directly affects the main producing areas, located within the dairy basin of the departments of Cajamarca, Arequipa, and Lima, which represents 51.7% of the national production of fresh milk that is collected by three large dairy companies and formal and informal artisanal processors. The different purchase and sale channels have generated vulnerability in the price that small and medium producers receive today for fresh milk, which in the last ten years has been lower than international prices. Moreover, the industry is under a tax regulatory framework that has given it market advantages, generating disparity in terms of the benefits of Peruvian dairy producers in addition to the structural limitations that do not allow improving their performance. Therefore, it is expected and recommended that the Peruvian government fulfill a regulatory and articulating role within the system, generating policies, plans, workshops, among others, in order to improve the articulation and performance of the system for the benefit of families that call for state intervention to improve their living conditions and economic stability.


Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, accounting for approximately one-third of all deaths globally.1 While popular belief presumes that non-communicable diseases (NCDs) afflict mostly high-income populations, the evidence tells a very different story. Nearly 80% of NCD deaths occur in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading component of the global CVD burden.1 Mortality of IHD has decreased globally, especially in high-income countries (HICs), due to population-level changes in risk factors and to improvements in systems of care. Meanwhile, ageing of population, rapid economic growth, increasingly sedentary lifestyles and calorie-rich diets have increased the proportion of deaths attributable to CVD in many poorer regions of the world and, as a result, the mortality gap between LMIC and HIC over the past 20 years has narrowed.1

Improved systems of care, early detection and timely treatment are effective approaches for reducing the impact of CVD. However, appropriate care for people with NCDs is lacking in many settings, and access to essential technologies and medicines is limited, particularly in LMICs. In this context of scarce resources, it is imperative to get the most out of known effective interventions, such as the implementation of regional acute coronary syndrome (ACS) systems of care, lowering healthcare system delay (diagnosis, transportation and treatment), increasing reperfusion therapy and reducing in-hospital mortality.2 3

In their  Heart  manuscript, Galappatthy and colleagues4 presented the …


Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and time domain induced polarization (IP) techniques has been used to assess the spatial variability of the soil petrophysical properties in Covenant University Farm, Ota, southwestern Nigeria. Apparent resistivity and chargeability of the induced polarization effect were concurrently measured along six traverses using Wenner array. The observed data were inverted to produced 2D electrical resistivity and chargeability models of the soil. The inverse models were used to delineate the tilled layer from the untilled layer, and qualitatively assess the degree of compaction and lateral thickness of the soil. Other petrophysical properties such as amount of clay volume, moisture content and organic matter in the soil which are related to the electrical conductivity of the soil were also inferred. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of ERT and time domain induced polarization techniques for accessing the variations of soil conditions in large tracts of land for precision agriculture.


Scanning tunneling microscopy is used to study the initial stage of Sb adsorption on Si(111) surfaces with the 7×7 and √3×√3-Ga structures. It has been found that Sb is preferentially adsorbed on the 7×7 regions at 430 °C, owing to the difference in the chemical reactivity and the Sb diffusivity between two reconstruction surfaces. Using this phenomenon, stripe patterns with the Sb-adsorbed 56-nm-wide 7×7 regions and 35-nm-wide √3×√3-Ga regions are formed for a demonstration of a selective adsorption of Sb on the nanometer scale.


The principle of a new system for low-loss laser beam transmission through an iteration of lenses tilted at the Brewster angle is proposed, and the result of a preliminary experiment is discussed.


Long-scale jet-like x-ray emission was observed in the experiments on the interactions of 100 TW laser light with plasmas. The jet formation is investigated by simulations with a two-dimensional particle code. When an S-polarized intense laser is irradiated obliquely on an overdense plasma, collimated MeV electrons are observed from the critical surface in the specular reflection direction. These electrons are found to be accelerated through the coronal plasma by the reflected laser light, which was modulated at the reflection point. The quasisteady magnetic channel occurs simultaneously and collimates the energetic electrons along the specular direction. In the case of P-polarized laser, it is found that an outgoing electron stream is induced at the critical surface due to Brunel mechanism. Megagauss quasistatic magnetic fields are generated and pinch the electron stream. The angle of ejected electron depends on the electron's energy. The emission direction of the jet generated by the P-polarized light is determined by the canonical momentum conservation along the target surface.


Abstract: In this paper, we present a switch based on coupling and resonance in the graphene plate and rings operating at 10 THz. This structure consists of several layers of Hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN), SiO2 and PSi, such that graphene plates and rings are inside the hBN layer. The terahertz wave is incident from the upper part of the switch and Surface Plasmons (SPs) are excited by the grating in the structure on the graphene plate beneath the nano-aperture and moves towards the ports available on the left and right of the switch. At first, at the certain applied voltage, the SPs cross the left port and this port is ON. With the increase in voltage and the change in the chemical potential, switching occurs and the SPs exit from the right and this port is ON while the left port turns OFF. The extinction ratio in this structure is 18dB and the size of the structure is 1μm. Aforementioned benefits make this switch the best choice for using in integrated optical circuits.


PREHISTORIC PROSPECTING WORKS FOR IRON ORE DEPOSIT AT RUDKI, NEAR KIELCE

Summary
The of iron ore deposit ,,Staszic" at Rudki, near Kielce, was a result of the researches carried out in the area of old mine workings. The siderite reserves estimated at that time were, however, not sufficient to begin a mine exploitation. During the successive studies carried on in this area, numerous old mine workings were encountered, and rich material was gathered, valuable for the history of old mining. The author discusses prehistoric works carried out to search for iron ore deposit in on old mine at Rudki, as well as describes the old mine technique.


Marine Boundary Layer spring time ozone (O3) and Gaseous Elemental Mercury (GEM) depletion episodes in Polar Regions and the role played by reactive halogen species have been studied for several years. Understanding of the photochemistry involved has improved significantly in the last few years, but many questions remain. The key in filling many gaps of information is in conducting systematic measurements over freezing and thawing surfaces of big water basins in Polar Regions where depletion episodes are thought to originate. Regardless of extensive research in the field, data sets collected over the ice are limited due to logistics and engineering challenges. The fast changing Arctic environment with its potential implications for climate change and human and ecosystem health demand urgent development of a predictive capability that could only be achieved by complete quantitative understanding of these phenomena.


This interesting paper examines shell characteristics and gross protein expression in populations of subtidal columbellid gastropods living in habitats influenced by shallow hydrothermal vent discharge. My main concern is that the authors have not identified a control site at the onset with a population that is not affected (at least relatively speaking) by the vent discharge. If we do not know how the population parameter varies at a control site, it would be difficult to determine if differences seen of the same parameter measured in another population at another site are caused by the conditions there.


Roadway traffic wellbeing is a significant worry for transportation overseeing organizations just as standard citizens. Data Mining is removing from concealed examples from colossal database. It is ordinarily utilized in an advertising, reconnaissance, extortion location and logical revelation. In data mining, AI is essentially engaged as exploration which is naturally figured out how to perceive complex examples and settle on smart choices dependent on data. Globalization has influenced numerous nations. There has been an intense expansion in the monetary exercises and utilization level, prompting development of movement and transportation. The increment in the vehicles, traffic lead to street accidents. Thinking about the significance of the street wellbeing, government is attempting to distinguish the reasons for street accidents to lessen the accidents level. The dramatic expansion in the accidents data is making it hard to break down the limitations causing the street accidents. The paper depicts how to mine successive examples causing street accidents from gathered data set. We discover relationship among street accidents and anticipate the kind of accidents for existing just as for new streets. We utilize affiliation and characterization rules to find the examples between street accidents and just as foresee street accidents for new streets.


A recent article by Leung et al[1][1] analyzed the relationship between the genetic polymorphism in exon 4 of cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 and warfarin sensitivity in Chinese patients. They used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing methods to analyze the genetic changes of the CYP2C9 gene


MCNEELY, C. M. Amuar ison of the effects&boulderin~ wall and resistance band activities on upver body strenmh and mip stren h in elementary school children. MS in Exercise and Sport Science-Physical Education Teaching, August 2000,39 pp. (M. Anderson) This study compared the effects bouldering wall activities to resistance band exercises on upper body strength and grip strength in elementary school children. Fifty-five (n = 55) subjects in grades 4-6 participated in the study. The subjects were randomly assigned to the bouldering wall group GI resistance band group. Both groups participated in a training period of 6 weeks During the six weeks, climbers were on the bo~ildering wall for approximately ten minutes, 2-3 times per week. The subjects who were assigned to the resistar~ce bands performed 8 exercises that trained the muscles of the upper body. These subjects performed 2-3 sets of 12 repetitions for each exercise 2-3 times per week. Prelpost tests for the flexed arm hang and right and lefi hand grip strength were given to each subject. The ANCOVA results show a significant difference (p < .05) between pre and posttest scores for both males and females in both groups. Chi Square results show . that there were significantly fewer participants below the Healthy Fitness Zone, and significantly more in the Healthy Fitness Zone (x' = 8.22, df = 2, p = .016) after treatment. There was not a significant difference (p > .05) between the groups before or afier the training period. This study indicated that bouldering wall and resistance band activities were equally effective in developing upper body and grip strength in elementary students. A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF BOULDERING WALL AND RESISTANCE BAND ACTIVITIES ON UPPER BODY STRENGTH AND GRIP STRENGTH IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDEN A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-LA CROSSE IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE BY COURTNEY M. MCNEELY AUGUST 2000


Objective To find out characteristios of the geography pathology epidemiology and risk factors of gastric cancer in Yangzhong City.Methods We collect gastric cancer morbility and pathology data from 1991~1998,According to 《China malignancy cancer register and report trial standard》,the geography pathology Epidemiology characteristic and incidence dangerous factor of high gastric cancer incidence in Yangzhong City were studied.Results The standard incidence from 1991 to 1998 is 113 04/100000 of YangZhong City which,hold the first position of malignancy cancer,YangZhong City is one of the high incidence place in China Gastric Cancer Area,fundus ventriculi and preventriculas is the most ordinary place,and it has obvious district distribution and gastric cancer morbility descent obviously recent years.Conclusion Gatric cancer incidence descend obviously in Yangzhong City,it maybe related to cancer synthetic prevention and therapy work,and take precautions to improve the external surrounding for 20 years.


Channel estimation block is the heart of any wireless communication receiver, for its requirement to properly decode the transmitted symbols from the time delayed multipath arrivals of the same. Failure of conventional least mean square (LMS) algorithms for channel estimation in an impulsive noise environment has prompted researchers to go with robust cost functions. Robustness comes with a cost of slow convergence. The learning behavior of the channel estimator can be improved in terms of convergence rate and steady-state error with the deployment of multi-agents for distributed estimation. This paper deals with channel estimation in a diffusion-based distributed network in an impulsive noise environment. Comparison of correntropy based adaptive algorithms with robust M-estimators, like non-convex Geman-McClure, is done in this work. The main contribution of this work is the application of Geman-McClure (G-M) norm and kernel risk sensitive loss (KRSL) in distributed adaptation with diffusion cooperation.


Abstract : This report was written for the President's Commission on Critical Infrastructure Protection. Based on the experience of the CERTSM Coordination Center, we identify threats to and vulnerabilities of the Internet and estimate the cascade effect that a successful, sustained attack on the Internet would have on the critical national infrastructures set out in Executive Order 13010. Finally, we discuss the implications for public policy and make specific recommendations.


The parenchyma of the kidney is divided into two major structures, the outer cortex and the inner medulla. The medulla is a key regulator of salt and water balance and is commonly affected by congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. Its cell types represent the origin of several monogenic kidney diseases such as ADTKD-UMOD and Bartter-SLC12A1.
 Currently, there is a lack of human medulla-specific gene expression data from sufficiently large sets of primary human kidney samples, which has hampered our ability to identify regulatory mechanisms and medulla-specific diseases. In this study, we generated gene expression data from macro-dissected, primary kidney tissue samples and derived medulla- and cortex-specific patterns of gene transcription. We utilized this information to evaluate and correct the assignment of kidney tissue samples to cortex and medulla in the Genotype-Tissue Expression Project (GTEx) project, and performed a combined analysis with kidney samples from over 90 individuals in order to identify medulla-specific genes, transcription factors and enriched molecular functions and pathways.

 Macro-dissected matched pairs of healthy cortex and medulla tissue were sampled from kidneys of three tumor nephrectomy patients. Tissue identity was confirmed post facto histologically. RNA-sequencing was performed on an Illumina HiSeq with ∼50 M paired-end reads/sample. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs, P-adj < 0.01, log2-fc > 1) in cortex and medulla were identified with DESeq2. Additional kidney gene expression data with tissue assignments and pathology notes were downloaded from the GTEx V8 portal and DEG analyses were performed as described above. Principal component analysis (PCA) of gene count data was used to identify and compare sample clusters in both datasets. Reproducibly up-regulated DEGs in either cortex or medulla in both datasets were further analysed.

 A PCA of our samples revealed clear separation into two clusters, matching the assignment to cortex and medulla. Conversely, two clusters identified by PCA from all kidney samples in the GTEx database each contained a mix of samples assigned to cortex and medulla (Figure 1a). We projected the GTEx samples along the principal components of our dataset, showing the two GTEx clusters correspond to medullary and cortical tissue (Figure 1b). Nine GTEx samples were assigned to the wrong tissue subtype, which was confirmed for six cases by review of GTEx pathology notes that mention contamination with the respective other kidney tissue subtype. After reclassification, nine medullary and 80 cortical GTEx samples were compared by DEG analysis and 3926 DEGs identified.
 Intersection with 2372 DEGs from our samples showed 402 reproducible, protein coding genes with higher medullary expression in both datasets (653 for cortex, respectively). These reproducible DEGs have highly correlating log2-fold changes between the two datasets (Spearman's ρ = 0.91, Figure 1c). Results showed high biological plausibility: First, medullary DEGs with high average expression included genes with well-established roles in diseases originating in the medulla such as UMOD and SLC12A1 (Table 1). Second, reproducible medulla DEGs were overrepresented in gene ontology terms related to urogenital system or kidney development and the organization of extracellular matrix. Conversely, the respective cortical genes were overrepresented for terms related to metabolic processes of small molecules handled by the proximal tubules (Figure 1d).

 Here we show how a small set of carefully curated samples can be used to calibrate larger publicly available datasets such as GTEX to identify medulla-specific genes and pathways with increased resolution. This valuable resource will help us better understand diseases and conditions originating in the medullary portion of the human kidney.


John A. Williams' The Man Who Cried I Am (1967) has attracted considerable attention among the general public not so much for its literary excellence but because in the last pages of the novel its protagonist, Max Reddick, discovers a monstrous plot-code named "King Alfred"-to eradicate the black population of the United States. The plot, similar in many ways to Nazi Germany's "final solution," employs enough facts from everyday life to give the reader an uneasy feeling that perhaps this section of the book is not pure fiction: only slightly disguised, James Meredith, Malcolm X, Martin Luther King, Richard Wright, and James Baldwin all appear in the novel; so do numerous black organizations ranging from the Urban League to the Black Muslims (the Black Panther Party had not come to prominence at the time Williams was writing the book). Add to these facts the recent furor over detention camps still in existence and the growing suspicion of the CIA and the FBI, and it is not surprising that a black critic such as David Henderson should approach the book as a social document, a part of the protest school of black writing, which points out and documents real examples of racial prejudice and persecution.1


Abstract Infrared absorption measurements have been made on GaAs, GaP and InP following multiple energy bombardments by either protons or deuterons. Localized mode frequencies have been determined for both H and D in GaAs and Gap. Estimates of the relative damage have been made from the induced electronic absorption below the band gap energy. Preliminary results of annealing studies are presented. This work relates to recent publications which show that the carrier removal rate in deuteron irradiated GaAs is twenty times greater than that obtained with proton irradiations.


Abstract : The RWARTC is accomplishing the current course objective in an outstanding manner. The personnel associated with the course are highly professional and are motivated to insure that the students achieve maximum benefit. The course could be more comprehensive in scope, and plans are under way to submit such a proposal. The planned ISD review of the course development should serve to fill the lack of regulatory documentation and may provide further evidence for the need for expanding the training as outlined in the Combat Aviator Refresher Training Course proposal. The RWARTC is a very valuable course for the personnel returning to aviation assignments. The efforts of all personnel involved are commendable.


A computer capable of controlling a set of tools electronics using an IC chip that can be lled in the program and logic called microcontroller technology. Automatic Slide Door is a circuit simulation of the working sensors that can move a DC motor automatically so that the motor can move a miniature door. How to employment of this tool is based on microcontroller. Programming lan- guage that used are low-level programming language (Low- level language) Assembler in the contents of an IC chip. Based on the design, manufacture, testing and operation can be stated that the prototype Door Slide Automatic works by moving or open when the front door blocked and the sensor then the door will open and in accordance with conditions expected. This indicates that the miniature door made can be implemented into actual form.


The application progress of the carbon dioxide removal technology in the airtight / semi-airtight compartment is summarized, along with those of various carbon dioxide removal technologies. The parameters of all scavengers are compared, such as the energy consumption, volume, secondary pollution and absorption effect. The development of energy-efficient carbon dioxide removal technology has an important significance for scientific and military application, especially for further development of the submarine, diving, manned spacecraft.


Today, all known cutting systems consist of specially shaped records designed to reproduce the most successful construction-drawings of clothing. The initial templates for these designs are obtained through experimentation, using drawings of typical designs and old models developed previously.


Kubernetes is a cluster management system based on container technology, which is responsible for managing large-scale containers. However, the existing responsive scaling strategy of the Kubernetes platform has a response delay, and the resource indicators cannot meet the web system's requirements for service quality. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a new container cloud elastic scaling strategy, which combines a prediction model and a queuing network to automatically predict the arrival rate of requests for web applications in the future and find the optimal number of Kubernetes service replica sets. Finally, in order to prove that our strategy is effective, a Kubernetes cluster is set up in a laboratory environment, and experiments are designed to verify it. The results show that our proposed strategy can achieve predictive scaling and avoid response delay caused by peak requests. At the same time, our elastic scaling strategy can also improve resource utilization to a certain extent.


Shot noise contributes significantly to the drain current noise in short-channel MOSFETs. The transport of carriers at the source-side of the channel is dominated by diffusion, leading to shot noise. However, channel resistance introduces carrier scattering, which eventually causes suppression of shot noise. The degree of suppression is described by a scaling factor, known as the Fano factor. This paper presents a detailed experimental evaluation of the Fano factor for nanometer-scale MOSFETs across seven different technology nodes, ranging from 12 nm to 180 nm. The dependence of the Fano factor on device bias, gate length, and channel doping is studied. We find that it is a strong function of device bias when the MOSFET operates at or close to the minimum noise bias. We also find that it rises for shorter gate length devices and is dependent on channel doping. The dependence of the Fano factor on channel doping hints to possible temperature dependence.


Robert Vipper's works «The crisis of a historical science» (1921) and «Circulation of history» (1923) are considered. The problems of the philosophical foundations of history and historical science in this article are analyzed.


The article describes the results of the studies to determine the proteolytic activity of different Lactobacillus helveticus strains used to produce calcium-enriched milk protein concentrates (MPC). A high level of the extraand intracellular proteolytic activity of the crops under study has been established. It has been noted that hydrolysis by proteinases of different strains of Lactobacillus helveticus is almost equal in effectiveness to hydrolysis by the animal enzyme. The molecular weight distribution of the products of the hydrolysis of cow and goat milk proteins by proteolytic enzymes of lactic bacteria has been studied. It has been established that the MPC based on cow milk are split into 7 fractions, while the goat milk-based MPC into five factions. The fractions of αs1-casein and γ-casein are absent in the fermented goat milk-based MPC. It has been established that the Lactobacillus helveticus Н17-18 stain is superior to the Lactobacillus helveticus Н9 stain by proteolytic capacity. It has been noted that the largest number of low molecular weight peptides capable of binding calcium was found in fermented protein clumps based on goat milk.


Indicator of coffee resistance to leaf rust attack (Hemileia vastatrix) is needed to select superior coffee plants resistant to biotic stress. This study aims to find the relationship between the content of secondary metabolites and the intensity of leaf rust attack, so that it becomes a reference in the selection of future coffee plants. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with several coffee clones as a treatment. This test tested 5 Arabica coffee clones consisting of Komasti, Maragogik, Usda, Andong sari, and HDT clones. Each consists of 3 replications, and each replication consists of 2 sample plants. Observations were made by observing the intensity of the attack, and plant metabolites such as phenolic content, flavonoids and antioxidant activity were observed when the leaves had been attacked by Hemileia vastatrix. Correlation of leaf rust attack levels with phenolic content, flavonoids and antioxidant activity showed a relationship between each observation variable. Flavonoid content in certain conditions can be used as an indicator to get Arabica coffee plants that are resistant to the attack of leaf rust.


Seasonal climate predictions can forecast the climate variability up to several months ahead and support a wide range of societal activities. The coarse spatial resolution of seasonal forecasts needs to be refined to the regional/local scale for specific applications. Statistical downscaling aims at learning empirical links between the large-scale and local-scale climate, i.e., a mapping from a low-resolution gridded variable to a higher-resolution grid.

Statistical downscaling of gridded climate variables is a task closely related to that of super-resolution in computer vision, and unsurprisingly, several deep learning-based approaches have been explored by the climate community in recent years. In this study, we downscale the SEAS5 ECMWF seasonal forecast of temperature over the Iberian Peninsula using deep convolutional networks in supervised and generative adversarial training frameworks. Additionally, we apply the traditional analog method for statistical downscaling, which assumes that similar atmospheric configurations (e.g., the predictors) lead to similar meteorological outcomes in a K-Nearest Neighbors fashion.

The deep learning-based algorithms are trained on the UERRA gridded temperature  dataset and several ERA5 reanalysis predictor variables. Finally, we evaluate the accuracy of our deep learning-based downscaling of SEAS5 temperature and compare it to the analog downscaling and a bicubic interpolation, as the simplest baseline method.


Neutron and x‐ray diffraction data for liquid CCl4 at 20 °C are presented and analyzed to yield structure and correlation functions for C–Cl and Cl–Cl atom pairs in different molecules. In the liquid, a central molecule is interlocked with four of its nearest neighbors and this arrangement explains the strong orientational correlations that exist over short radial distances. The data are sufficiently accurate to provide a sensitive test for molecular theories of the liquid state and for intermolecular force models in computer experiments.


is paper discusses the history and current status of the field of bioarchaeology in Jordan, organizationally represented by the Department of Anthropology at Yarmouk University. e department was founded in 1984, and the first research on human re- mains was undertaken in 1991 when Mahmoud El-Najjar returned to Jordan. Today this department is still the only academic unit covering anthropology and bioarchaeology in the Arab world.


The cermet contains (by wt.) 10-65 (25-55)% solid solution of a carbonitride of Ti and W, 0.01-1 (0.03-0.2)% MgO and W as binder. The cermet can further contain 0.5-10 (2-6)% Y2O3 and/or Al2O3. The carbonitride can further contain at least one group Va metal. The cermets are used in the production of small cutting plates for cutting tools. The cutting plates contain at least one surface layer consisting of an oxide or oxynitride of Al; a carbide, nitride or carbonitride and oxycarbonitride of Ti- a carbide, nitride, carbonitride and oxynitride and oxynitride of Zr and/or a carbide, nitride, carbonitride, carbonitride and oxynitride of Hf.


Neonatal calf deaths due to septicaemia and poor colostrum absorption Increase in bovine fetal submissions Review of outbreaks and control of nematodirosis in lambs Abortions and ewe deaths due to Salmonella Montevideo Investigations on behalf of Police Wildlife Crime Officers These are among matters discussed in the disease surveillance report for March from Scottish Agricultural College Veterinary Services (SAC VS)


The article summarizes the recently issued proposed and final IRS regulations on Roth 401(k) and 403(b) contributions and discusses a number of issues facing plan sponsors and service providers who are considering adding after-tax Roth-style contributions in their 401(k) and 403(b) plans.


The present invention relates to a recombinant avian herpesvirus, recombinant avian herpesvirus may include at least two recombinant nucleotide sequences, each set replaceable nucleotide sequence encodes a distinct antigenic peptides. Said at least two recombinant nucleotide sequence region located between UL44 and UL45, region located between UL45 and UL46, region located between US10 and SORF3, between SORF3 and US2 is selected from the region located, it is inserted into separate noncoding region of the viral genome. .FIELD 1


ABSTRACT: The passage of Public Law 94-142 in 1975, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, was a landmark in American public education. Many young music therapists working in special education today have little idea of what public schools were like before this law was passed-now over 30 years ago. Important changes have occurred in the fields of music therapy and special education over these past three decades as a result of PL 94-142. Music therapists today are finding increasing employment in schools, and they carry greater accountability than ever before in the education of their students. The purpose of this paper is to provide a music therapist's personal reflections on schools prior to PL 94-142, to present some of the historical highlights of special education as a professional who witnessed the educational changes this law set forth and, finally, to describe the place of music in that history. Many young music therapists working in special education today have little idea of what public schools were like 30 years ago. Before PL 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, was passed in 1975, public schools educated approximately one in five children with disabilities (Winzer, 1993). Most children with disabilities were denied access to their neighborhood schools and were educated in segregated institutions if they were educated at all. Parents of children with disabilities paid the same taxes their neighbors paid, but they were unable to send their children to the public schools supported by those taxes. Many public school administrators believed their schools' facilities and faculty were inadequate to provide services to students with disabilities, and in most cases, they were correct. More disturbing, though, was the fact that many school officials also doubted the value of education for such students (Stainback, Stainback, & Bunch, 1989). There were state schools for students who were deaf or blind and some state schools for students with developmental disabilities. Children left home to attend and to live in dormitories at these schools, often at the age of only 4 or 5 years old. In larger metropolitan areas, some parents were able to find a private school that would accept their child; however, they often had to pay an expensive tuition fee and drive their child many miles to school each day. It is not difficult to understand, then, why some parents, particularly those of children with severe disabilities, felt the best placement for their child was in a state residential institution, a facility where they believed their child would be cared for and would receive educational training. Unfortunately though, many of these children lived a life of mere existence in such institutions, the most notable example being Willowbrook. Willowbrook was more than just an institution, it was a movement, an expose, an attitude, and some would even venture to say-a philosophy. Most assuredly though, it was a critical turning point in the history of special education. Before I explain the many faces of Willowbrook, though, I would like to share some of my personal reflections on the segregation of students with disabilities in the years leading up to PL 94-142, present some of the historical highlights of special education, and, finally, describe the place of music in this history. Personal Reflections For most of my schooling up to grade 12, schools were segregated not only by disability but also by race. During most of my elementary school years, other aspects of daily life were segregated as well-restaurants, public restrooms, community pools, and even public water fountains. 1 can still clearly see the separate restrooms and water fountains in our neighborhood grocery store. Stenciled on each were the words "colored" or "white." That vivid image remains a source of discomfort and embarrassment. Much of what happened during the civil rights movement paved the way for the inclusion of students with disabilities, particularly Brown v. …


In Gas Insulated Switchgears (GIS) and Gas Insulated Lines (GIL) the main elements used for energy transportation are tubes made of an aluminum alloy. In most cases the tubes are connected to other parts of the systems with adapters, so called inserts, with the shape of a solid cylinder. State of the art is to connect tube and insert with contact elements to establish a separable connection. Separable connections are detachable and help to deal with relative movement between the conductor and the encapsulation due to different thermal expansion. Through the need to plate the conductors' contact area with silver and the price of the contact elements themselves the connections are cost-intensive. The influence of thermal expansion can be neglected in short sections of GIS/GIL and even in longer sections only one end of the tube needs to be connected with a separable connection. This leads to the interest in, from the electrical point of view, new joining technologies to establish permanent connections. The paper focuses on connections made by press-, shrink-fit and electromagnetic pulse technology (EMPT). At first, advantages and disadvantages of plug-in connections and the alternative joining technologies, as well as the cost- and energy-saving potential are discussed. Critical and in respect to technical application proper joining parameters were defined with baseline investigations. With these parameters a broad number of connections are made to investigate the contact behavior with respect to possible spreading of the contact quality. A test rig is presented to investigate the long-term behavior of the connections under constant AC-load. The results are compared to oven experiments at a constant temperature of 105 °C and conclusions for the technical application are drawn.


The junction size dependence of the spin accumulation in a nonmagnet is studied by using lateral spin valves geometry consisting of the Py/Cu ohmic junctions. We experimentally demonstrate that reducing the size of the junction drastically improves the efficiency of the spin injection into the Cu wire because of the enhancement of the spin resistance for the Py wire. The spin polarization in the Cu wire increases exponentially with reducing the junction area irrespective of the same spacing between the injector and the detector. The junction size dependence of the spin signal yields the spin diffusion lengths and the spin polarization which are reasonable values compared with previous experiments.


The behavior of a pure copper subject to pure creep and cyclic creep under an imposed load is examined at room temperature, and at 250, 300, 350, 400 and 450°C to show the relation between these two kinds of phenomena. Formulating the cyclic creep behavior using not the cycle number but the real time during deformation, cyclic creep strain as well as creep strain are represented well by the function of stress, stress ratio and the ambient temperature both in the primary and the secondary stages. The examination of temperature dependency on cyclic creep shows the existence of the critical temperature, at which cyclic creep and pure creep with same amount of the maximum stress produce same amount of strain. Then over the critical temperature pure creep governs the material behavior, and under the temperature cyclic creep become prominent.


In article qualifications of human trafficking and use of a slave labor are considered especially. Offers on decriminalization of Art. 127.2 of the criminal code of Russian Federation and change of Art. 127.1 of the criminal code of Russian Federation are made.


Measurements are presented of the drag force on several different balls falling vertically through water in a fish tank, at speeds up to 4.5 m s−1. Experiments of this type are usually undertaken in a student laboratory by measuring the terminal velocity of an object falling either through air or a viscous liquid. At speeds slightly higher than the terminal velocity, additional effects can be observed visually in water, including flow separation, turbulent flow and the formation of air cavities. Changes in the drag coefficient were observed due to all three effects, although different changes were observed with different balls, depending on the Reynolds number. Cavity formation was found to depend strongly on the roughness of the ball surface as well as the incident ball speed. Results are presented at Reynolds numbers from about 20 000 up to about 250 000.


Constructing ethic space between school,family and society is a requirement of effective,socialized,life-oriented ideological and political education.Meanwhile,it also helps to expand moral education and realize the patterns of moral education.Constructing an interactive ethic space between school,family and society should give full play to school education and do a better job between school and family,school and society,as well as society and family.


After a short introduction to the nuclear resonance fluorescence technique (NRF) and a brief description of typical photon scattering facilities, the present topical review focuses on three phenomena observed in recent NRF experiments on nuclei near the shell closures. These topics of current interest in low-energy nuclear structure physics are: the systematics of 1− quadrupole–octupole-coupled two-phonon states (2+ ⊗ 3−), the study of two-phonon mixed-symmetry states and the exploration of the E1 pygmy resonance near the particle emission threshold.


Over the past few years, considerable emphasis has been placed upon the need for increased levels of workforce training and staff development (TSD). An important basic question, however, is whether TSD should be seen as a cost to be recovered through immediate benefits or as an investment for the longer-term future. This issue was investigated in a study of 541 Australian organisations. The respondents ranged from Chief Executive Officers through to non-managerial staff and came from a wide variety of industry sectors. Training and staff development and career development were found to be closely related to each other, and the level of support for all types of TSD activities. The majority of respondents believed that their organisation had adopted a longer-range view of the role of TSD.


The status of atmospheric remote sensors for monitoring air pollution is reviewed with discussion of active systems such as lidar, differential absorption and Raman, and passive systems such as interferometer spectrometers, gas filter correlation, matched filter correlation and vidicons.


The present study is a narrative identity analysis of chronotopical stages of EFL Iranian teachers in discourse construction at public schools. As explained by Olson (2008) 'teacher identity is a useful research frame because it treats teachers as whole persons in and across social contexts who continually reconstruct their views of themselves in relation to others, workplace characteristics, professional purposes, and cultures of teaching' (p. 5). Hence, the purpose of this research is to explore different aspects of teachers' identities by using narration as a procedural instrument and Bakhtin's theory as the theoretical framework of the study. Participants of the study are fifty male and female English language teachers aged 22 to 53 from public schools of Mashhad, Iran. The teachers' educational degree varies from Associate Degree and Bachelor of Art to Master of Art and Doctor of Philosophy. Narrative tasks and interviews are the instruments used for data collection in the present study. Through coding and line by line analysis of narratives, salient factors in determining the generic chronotopes are identified. In addition, through running Χ2, the significance levels are recognized. Diversity of these factors shows the complexity of reasons constituting discourses which affect teachers to make choices in their profession leading to the cyclic constructing and deconstructing of their identitities. Some pedagogical implications and applications are also proposed.


A 70-year-old woman with aplastic anemia treated by antithymocyte globulin (ATG), cyclosporine and prednisolone visited our hospital complaining of fever and general fatigue for a week. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed consolidation in both lungs, and histological analysis of the lung tissue showed Epstein-Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We diagnosed immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorder, and consolidation of the lung was reduced after the cessation of cyclosporine. We should consider the possibility of malignant lymphoma when CT scan showed multiple patchy consolidations with random pattern in both lungs as septic pulmonary emboli in patients with immunosuppressive treatment. J Med Cases. 2014;5(5):279-282 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jmc1769w


A 17-cell bi-periodic standing wave slot coupled structure will be used as accelerating structure for the RaceTrack Microtron Eindhoven. The numerical design of the struc ture has been performed with the computer codes SUPERFISH and MAFIA. Analytical calculations for a bi-periodic accelerating structure with full end cells including direct coupling are presented. Equations giving the detuning of the chain mode frequencies for known individual cell er rors and coupling coefficients are derived. After numerical inversion these equations will be used for the final tuning of the cavity.


The quantitative assessment of the reliability of network systems can be a quite difficult and computationally expensive problem in practice. In this respect, Monte Carlo simulation offers a valuable tool for capturing the complex stochastic behavior of distributed, interconnected systems. To reduce the computational burden associated to the simulation, it is possible to resort to biasing techniques. These techniques have already been proven successful for binary network systems, in which the arcs and the nodes can stay in only two states, either functioning or failed. In this paper, a biasing method is proposed for improving the efficiency of the unreliability estimate by Monte Carlo simulation of complex multi-state network systems, in which the arcs and the nodes can stay in various states of different performance. The biasing is founded on a sampling strategy tailored to encourage the multi-state system to enter failed configurations with respect to the required demand at the network target node. This is achieved by forcing the arcs to visit their lower performance states. The efficiency of the method is tested on a literature case study and a sensitivity analysis is carried out with respect to the parameter controlling the intensity of the bias. PSAM-0070 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management May 14-18, 2006, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA 1 Copyright © 2005 by ASME 1 E-mail address: email@example.com (E. Zio) INTRODUCTION Several modern engineering systems are made up of components, hereafter also called nodes, interconnected in a network structure by linking arcs. Examples of such systems are those for water distribution, telecommunication, oil and gas supply, power generation and transmission, transport by rail and by road, etc. The growing diffusion of and reliance on, such systems demands their rational design and operation with respect to risk and reliability. In this paper, the problem of evaluating the network two-terminal reliability (2TR) is considered, which requires verifying the existence of the connection between a source node and a target node of the network [1-9]. Typically, the simplifying hypothesis is made that the components, the arcs and the network have a binary behavior, i.e. at any time they can only be in a fully working or fully failed state. Such an assumption is often unrealistic since in practice components and arcs operate in intermediate functioning states, by design or for degradation, and correspondingly the network can supply various performance levels according to the functioning states of its constituents [10-14]. Network systems for which a binary state representation is insufficient, require a multi-state modeling approach to avoid an incorrect reliability assessment and consequent erroneous decision making, which may lead to unnecessary expenditures, incorrect maintenance scheduling and reduction of safety standards. For incorporating a more realistic description of network operation with respect to its multi-state behavior, an overall system performance is defined, which can settle on different levels (e.g. 100%, 80%, 50% of the nominal capacity), depending on the operative conditions of the constitutive multi-state network nodes and arcs. When dealing with network systems made up of multi-state elements, the two-terminal reliability concept is extended to the multi-state two-terminal reliability at demand level d (M2TRd), defined as the probability that a demand of d units can be supplied from a source to a sink through the network multi-state arcs [15-21]. Evaluation of such quantity can be based on knowledge of the network multi-state minimal cut vectors (MMCVs), defined as those system configurations, for which the available capacity from source to sink is lower than the requested demand and such that configurations identical to these, but for at least one element in a higher performance state, meet the demand [1]. In other words, an MMCV is a configuration of minimum performance level of the system. On the contrary, Monte Carlo (MC) simulation can be an effective tool for assessing in practice the M2TRd of a realistic network system. In few words, the approach amounts to using MC simulation to sample several system "histories" or "trials", which constitute realizations of the system configurations that are then compared to the system MMCVs to verify whether the required demand is satisfied or not [17-21]. Analog MC simulation methods for network unreliability evaluation have already been proposed [1-2], [4], [22-23]. However, when assessing highly reliable network systems, the large majority of the sampled configurations do not bring any contribution to the unreliability estimate, system failure being a rare event [24-26]. As a consequence, the MC estimate of system unreliability is not robust, the associated variance being large due to the poor statistics of failure realizations. To increase the robustness of the estimate one may increase the number of network simulations, yet raising up computational time remarkably. An alternative, more effective way is to resort to the so-called biasing or variance reduction techniques [27-30]. These are sampling techniques, which lead to more efficient simulations in terms of reduced variance of the estimates. The effectiveness of such techniques thus allows reducing the variance associated to the estimate, the number of MC samplings being equal, or reducing the number of MC samplings and the corresponding computational burden, still obtaining accurate estimates. Biasing techniques for the reliability assessment of network systems composed of binary elements have been previously investigated with success [4]. In this paper, we propose a sample strategy tailored to encourage a multi-state network to enter failed configurations, with respect to the network demand, by forcing the arcs to visit their lower performance states so that a larger number of MC system realizations contributes to the unreliability estimate. However, these realizations are biased, in the sense that they are not sampled from the true probabilities of state occupancy but from others properly chosen. Correspondingly, to each biased realization is associated a weight which is no longer equal to unity, as in the analog simulation, but to the product of the ratios of the true to the "biased" probabilities from which the arc states, and thus the system configuration, are sampled. By so doing, no bias is introduced in the system unreliability estimate [26]. PROBLEM STATEMENT Let G = (nn, na) represent a stochastic capacitated network required to supply a specified demand d from source node S to sink node T. Let nn be the number of nodes and na the number of arcs. The former are considered infallible, i.e. always in their design state, whereas each arc can occupy a number of states of different performance, according to given probability distributions. The generic state of arc i is denoted by an integer index j,which takes values from j=1 to j=mi, in order of increasing performance. The corresponding occupancy probability is pi,j and the performance is wi,j, with the lower performance state j=1 having zero performance (wi,1=0), i.e. the arc is failed. 2 Copyright © 2005 by ASME In the following, we are concerned with the assessment of the multi-state two-terminal unreliability of such network system. THE BIASING METHOD In the following, we propose a variance reduction technique for estimating the unreliability of multi-state network systems and analyze its performance. The method proposed is based on the idea of increasing the occupancy probabilities of those states j of arc i with performance wi,j below the nominal , i i m w . This is not applied to all na arcs of the network but only to those with average performance wi above a given threshold value wth. The motivation is that if the arcs with best average performance are forced to work at lower performances, then the probability of the network failing to meet the source-target demand will be higher so that a larger number of failed network configurations are sampled and contribute their weights to the unreliability estimate. For each arc, the average performance is


Studies have been conducted to explore single transfer (SET) induced photoaddition reactions of acenaphtylenedione (ACND) with the n-electron donors Et 2 NCH 2 SiMe 3 , n-PrSCH 2 SiMe 3 , EtOCH 2 SiMe 3 , EtCO 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 Ph)Ch 2 SiMe 3 , and EtCO 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 Ph)CH 3


Factitious disorders refer to those conditions that individuals willfully create by producing signs and/or symptoms of physical or mental illness. They are distinguished from psychogenic conditions by the complex voluntary behavior involved in creating the symptoms and are separated from malingerers who feign or fabricate illness for specific gains. The inability to


3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are metabolized by distinct pathways that may alter the extent of drug‐drug interactions. Cerivastatin is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 and CYP2C8. Atorvastatin is metabolized solely by CYP3A4, and pravastatin metabolism is not well defined. Coadministration of higher doses of these statins with CYP3A4 inhibitors has the potential for eliciting adverse drug‐drug interactions.


A new method has been suggested for determining an analytical expression for the true saturation characteristic of transformers and nonlinear reactors from the manuracturer's data giving the conventional r.m.s. saturation curve. The accuracy of the technique is verified by the experimental results. The existing concept, namely, that the algorithm used for converting the true saturation characteristic to r.m.s. form is not invertible into the process of finding the instantaneous from the r.m.s curve, is found to be untrue.