The invention discloses a tablet containing olmesartan medoxomil and a preparation method of the tablet. The tablet is composed of olmesartan medoxomil, a disintegrating agent, a filling agent, a diluent, an anti-sticking agent and a lubricating agent. The preparation method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps: performing jet milling treatment on olmesartan medoxomil, and mixing with the anti-sticking agent to pass through a 30-mesh sieve; mixing with other medicinal auxiliary materials, and directly tabletting; performing film coating on the tablet core after tabletting,wherein the film coating premixed agent is composed of the following materials: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, titanium dioxide and polyethylene glycol. The olmesartan medoxomil tablet provided by theinvention is high in in-vitro dissolution rate, high in bioavailability, excellent in stability and mechanical strength, less in odor, sticking-free and suitable for large-scale mass production.


Skeletal isomerization of n-butane to isobutane has been studied with a flow reactor, mainly at 573 K, over caesium hydrogen salts of 12-tungstophosphoric acid (trihydrogen phosphododecatungstate), CsxH3–xPW12O40. The activity was highly dependent on the caesium content, being a maximum for x= 2.5 where the number of acid sites on the surface was greatest. The initial rate was first order with respect to the butane pressure (ca. 0.05–0.5 atm) at both 423 and 573 K on Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40. Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 was found to be much more active and selective (83%cf. 60%) than SO42–/ZrO2 at the steady state at 573 K. H-ZSM-5 showed a higher activity than Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 and SO42–/ZrO2 but the selectivity was only 14%. Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 is a promising catalyst for this reaction and the low deactivation of Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 is probably responsible for the high catalytic activity.


This book presents results of survey research that investigated causes of construction project disputes, as well as identifying potential strategies that could be implemented to decrease construction project disputes. The book presents major findings of the most frequent and most damaging problems occurring in construction projects. It also presents implications and offers recommendations for practice based on the findings.


Acoustic characterization of rooms deals with the evaluation of the acoustic quality within a certain space. This is made by a set of acoustic characteristics divided through their objective and subjective nature. The former correspond to measurable physical parameters which strongly relate to the room ́s architectural characteristics, while the later correspond to acoustic attributes subjectively identified by a listener. The objective characteristics are correlated to the subjective ones, and nowadays there exists acoustic quality criteria well defined for different types of spaces, in particular performance halls and auditorium. The physical methodologies used in room acoustic analysis are based in measurements as well as in modeling techniques. The approximated impulsive response of a room can be obtained via these methods. This response is ultimately used to retrieve the most relevant acoustic parameters in order to characterize conveniently the acoustical quality of the room. This work intends to study the acoustical characterization parameters as well as methods for their computation. From the analysis of these parameters one was able to: Taking into account a subjective analysis of the acoustical quality of a space, it is possible to identify the main causes for the "poor" acoustical quality of that space, based on the values assumed by the objective acoustical characteristics and established quality criteria. With the application of acoustical conditioning measures, it is possible to verify, based on the values assumed by the objective acoustical characteristics and established quality criteria, the effective improvement of the acoustical quality of a certain room. Key-words: room acoustics, acoustic qualities of rooms, acoustical parameters of rooms.


Objective: To explore the character of brain cotical response during unilateral chewing in the patients with right chewing-side preference(CSP).Methods: Seven patients with right CSP were studied.The patients performed the task of unilateral chewing,and block designed BOLD functional MRI scan covering the whole brain was carried out.The fMRI data were analyzed by SPM2 software with statistic t-test to generate the activation map.Results: Two subjects were excluded because of excessive head motion.Five out of seven were adopted.The individual-based analysis showed as follows: The cortical activated region was significantly wider during right chewing than left chewing in the patients with right CSP.The signal intensity of right M1 was significantly greater than left M1 of four patients among five during left or right chewing.Conclusion: There may be some difference between the character of brain cortical response during right chewing and left chewing in the patients with right CSP.There may be some relationship between ipsilateral hemispheric dominance to the CSP and M1 responsible for regulating unilateral chewing in the patients with right CSP.


statistical management system of people work in the coal mine well based on Zigbee will be introduced.The system'constituent,working principal and the ZigBee coordinator,network node design proposal are given in.Wireless device can detect the individual identity of the people who get on or down the well,then the data will send to the computer management system,thus the safety management automatic efficiency will be greatly improved.


In support of NASA's Exploration Mission low‐temperature scientists and engineers have investigated the process of extracting volatile materials from the lunar regolith, their purification/liquefaction, and storage. Volatiles such as O2, N2, He and water can be used to support human habitation, while H2 and O2 can be used as rocket fuel. Using a sorption pump, passive thermal radiators, temperature control, and a small number of storage vessels and valves, a purification and storage system can be designed to operate inside a permanently shadowed polar crater where volatiles are expected to be most abundant. The basic approach can be used as the basis for a small experiment on a prospecting mission, which will serve as a proof of concept for a much bigger cryogenic fluids facility to support NASA's human exploration effort. A similar design with sufficient radiation shielding can be operated on the Moon's surface.


The Traveling salesman problem (TSP) is to find a tour of a given number of cities (visiting each city exactly once) where the length of this tour is minimized. Testing every possibility for an N city tour would be N! Math additions. Genetic algorithms (GA) and Memetic algorithms (MA) are a relatively new optimization technique which can be applied to various problems, including those that are NPhard. The technique does not ensure an optimal solution, however it usually gives good approximations in a reasonable amount of time. They, therefore, would be good algorithms to try on the traveling salesman problem, one of the most famous NP-hard problems. In this paper I have proposed a algorithm to solve TSP using Genetic algorithms (GA) and Memetic algorithms (MA) with the crossover operator Edge Assembly Crossover (EAX) and also analyzed the result on different parameter like group size and mutation percentage and compared the result with other solutions.


In order to estimate the damage threshold index and sampling technique of Chinolyda flagellicornis,we conducted studies on their life cycle,leaf consumption,spatial distribution pattern and sampling technique,through leaf-picking simulated damage experiment.The result showed that they breed one generation per year,mature larvae turned into prepupae to live through summer and winter beneath the earth.The period of larvae damage span the mid of May to the first ten days of July,when they are in 7th instar,the diapause period can be 290—330 d.The feeding observation indicates that each larva consumes 3.64 g on average,and 84.26% are consumed by larvae in 5th—7th instar.Fresh leaves quantity and DBH of Cupressus funebris were of the relationship as W=551.477 2+360.599 6D+58.947 2D2.The analysis of variance and multiple comparison of leaf-picking simulated damage experiment reveal that 35% and 50% loss of leaves causes no significant difference in the aspects of DBH and height increment.However,the difference in volume increment is remarkable,50% loss of leaves has large imparity,while the 35% one is not.Thus 35% of leave-loss is confirmed to be the damage threshold level,the damage threshold index of larvae is calculated according to the leaf-consumption and fresh leaves quantity.and the one of larvae in diapause is according to the formula of the propagation amount.Its spatial distribution pattern is characterized by aggregated distribution of the diapause larvae,and the ental constituent of distribution is individual population.the theoretical sampling number and sequential sampling method are fixed according to the value of α and β in Iwao's model and the index of damage threshold.No significant differences are noticed between the use of diagonal,Z-shaped and paralleled measurements.


Palliative care improves quality of life, enhances patient and family satisfaction with care, and controls costs for the rapidly expanding population of individuals with serious illness or multiple chronic conditions. In 2000, less than 25% of U.S. hospitals had a palliative care program, compared with 75% in 2015. Yet, not all these programs have in place the interdisciplinary team necessary to provide comprehensive, high-quality palliative care. At the same time, palliative care is increasingly being provided in community settings. This growth comes in response to the increasing numbers and needs of Americans living with serious or complex chronic illnesses and the realities of the care responsibilities faced by their families. Palliative care is a relatively new medical specialty, and more must be done to ensure patients and providers understand its benefits and that an adequate, appropriately trained workforce is available to provide the pain and symptom management, intensive communication and level of care coordination that addresses the episodic and long-term nature of serious and complex chronic illness.


This study is an analysis of printed materials used to teach about HIV and AIDS in Kenyan secondary schools to establish whether they are comprehensible to the students and thus whether they are effective in c.ommunicating the message to them. Since the Human hnmunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has continued to spread yet no cure has been found, the importance of clear communication on the prevention m~asures cannot be underestimated. In Kenya, 80-90% of HIV infections are among the youth (Republic of Kenya, 2000). The AIDS education program in schools aims at equipping the youth with knowledge and skills to enable them to avoid infection and also educate other peers on the same. A review of literature revealed that printed materials were the main channels of communicating the message to students in schools. Printed materials have been used for a while but there is evidence that the pandemic continues to spread very rapidly and threatens to wipe out an entire generation hence the need for the study The study was undertaken in Nairobi Province. Three readability formulae were used to analyze twenty printed materials. These formulae are: Flesch, Smog and Fog readability formulae. Questionnaires were administered to a total of 210 students to find out their attitudes on the HIV and AIDS materials. A total of 14 teachers of HIV and AIDS were also interviewed. It was found out that some ofthe teachers taught it as a subject but most


Objective  Large scalp defects in which the pericranium has to be resected can be reliably reconstructed using Integra®. In the present study, we retrospectively analysed the long‐term outcome of our patients.


Objective. To determine the impact which introduction of the 11–14 week scan has had on the gestational age at which fetal malformations are detected by ultrasound in an unselected population of pregnant women. Design. Retrospective study. Setting. University hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, covering the period 1 January 2003 to 30 June 2007. Population. All pregnant women who chose a nuchal translucency scan at 11–14 weeks for Down syndrome risk estimate, and a scan at 18–20 weeks to screen for fetal malformations. Methods. Review of cases detected ante‐ and postnatally. Main Outcome Measures. Detection rates at 11–14 weeks relative to all malformations in the population. Results. A total of 216 anomalies were detected in 200 fetuses among the 9 324 fetuses included, while 70 anomalies were diagnosed in 59 infants postnatally. The prevalence of fetuses with anomalies was 2.8% (259 of 9 324). After excluding cases of pyelectasis (127), which may be considered physiological and transitory changes, the prevalence of malformed fetuses was 1.4% (132 of 9 324). Of the malformations detected antenatally, 25.8% were detected before week 15 and 59.6% in weeks 16–22. The remaining 14.6% of malformations were discovered after week 22. Among the lethal malformations, 50% were diagnosed before week 15. Conclusions.  Although the purpose of the first trimester scan is to screen for Down syndrome and not for malformations, the introduction of the 11–14 week scan has resulted in the detection of approximately 26% of fetal malformations.


The stability of discrete universal integrals based on copulas is discussed and examined, both with respect to the norms L1 (Lipschitz stability) and L∞ (Chebyshev stability). Each of these integrals is shown to be 1-Lipschitz. Exactly the discrete universal integrals based on a copula which is stochastically increasing in its first coordinate turn out to be 1-Chebyshev. A new characterization of stochastically increasing Archimedean copulas is also given.


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) consists of a large number of small resource constrained sensors having high security requirements. Establishing a secure communication is an open and difficult issue in WSNs. key management plays a crucial role in providing a secure communication. WSNs are used for variety of applications and are deployed in hostile, open & unattended environment making them vulnerable to various attacks such as node capture attack, node replication attacks, traffic analysis etc. One of the prominent attacks is node capture attack. In proposed scheme, we mainly deal with resiliency against node capture in heterogeneous sensor networks consisting of Fixed node (FN) and mobile sensor node(MSN).FN are more powerful than MSN. In this scheme one way hash function is applied on the keys that are stored on MSN by using hash chain class .Thus when keys are captured by attacker, only its derived versions are revealed. An attacker cannot get backward values of the key .Resilience against node capture of basic key management scheme is enhanced by applying lightweight hash chaining technique.


The organization of a particular computer is described at a level of detail suitable for classroom presentation at an introductory level. The computer consists of several units which manipulate and store data, a bus structure connecting them, and a microprogramming mechanism to control their operation. Both instruction decoding and interpretation are determined by the microprogram. The microprogram for a single-address computer is given as an example; the student is asked to redo the microprogram to implement stack instructions or some other sequential instructions of his choice. An XPL program which (1) reads a microprogram, then (2) reads a program, then (3) executes the program with a run-time trace is presented in the appendices.


We have demonstrated that the mechanical strength of organic silica low-k films can be enhanced by introducing a reinforcement monomer in a matrix monomer under plasma excitation. The modulus improvement mechanism was investigated by analyzing the film structure. Pyrolysis gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) revealed incorporation of a reinforcement monomer in the matrix through co-polymerization reactions. Compositional analysis of the films showed that the extent of reinforcement is associated with co-polymerization ratio or the monomer content in the film. It is also indicated that the modulus enhancement depends on the content of 3D aromatic bridge structure, which is affected by the chemical structure of the reinforcement monomers.


Herein we report the unprecedented Fujiwara–Moritani reaction catalysed by the commercially available heterogeneous palladium catalyst Pd/C. The reaction works efficiently in GVL, a biomass derived solvent, in the coupling between variously substituted acetanilides and electron-poor alkenes, with complete selectivity towards the ortho-substitution. Moreover, the catalyst can be easily recycled and reused for consecutive reaction runs. We also developed a continuous-flow procedure, through an easily accessible tailor-made reactor, which allows the production of C–H alkenylated products on grams per hour scale.


This study aims to identify the relationship between anxiety and depression with quality of life among the elderly with dementia living in institution. This study also propose reminscence group therapy in reducing depression and anxiety among residents in institutions. This cross sectional study was conducted at Rumah Seri Kenangan Cheras. A total of 58 elderly with mild to moderate demensia were selected through a series of screening process by a qualified clinical psychologist. Several instruments has been used including Quality of Life-AD (QoL-AD) Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) to investigate the relationship between anxiety and depression with quality of life among the elderly with dementia. This study shows that there is a negative relationship between the level of anxiety and quality of life among the elderly with dementia. Meanwhile, the relationship between depression and the quality of life of elderly with dementia in RSK Cheras shows that there is a significant relationship. The application of reminiscene group therapy as one of the effective intervention to improve quality of life and reduce anxiety and depression among the elderly with dementia in institution were discussed.


The effective work of housing and utility service providers is closely related to
 the development projects they implement. Anti-risk management is an important component
 of development project management. The analysis of the main directions of the
 development projects of housing and communal services providers is carried out, the
 limitations in which they function are given, the principle model of building the
 organizational structure of the management of development projects is described, the
 research methodology and architecture, a conceptual model of anti-risk management in the
 development projects of housing and communal services providers is proposed for carrying
 out further scientific research. An essential lever for increasing the effectiveness of
 anti-risk management in the development projects of providers of housing and communal
 services is the possibility of adjusting priorities regarding the implementation of
 development projects in real time due to the introduction of management automation and
 decision-making algorithmization, a process approach to risk management and management
 decision-making, and a dynamic organizational structure of project management
 development Automation of management and algorithmization of management decision-making
 allows all participants of development projects to be in one information system: to
 build a logical sequence of tasks, to determine the project path, to create an
 uninterrupted material flow with the minimization of necessary stocks, to establish
 transparency and control for stakeholders of development projects, etc. Algorithmization
 of decision-making allows timely prevention of project volume growth, low productivity,
 cost overruns, lack of time, resources, decision-making based on incomplete information,
 incompetence of development project participants. The dynamic organizational structure
 of management of development projects stimulates the coordination of actions and quick
 resolution of issues, education of the personnel reserve, establishment of
 communication, etc.


The present invention relates to a tool box (1) for positionally fixed reception of hand tools (2) and their accessories, in particular a socket wrench range. The tool box according to the invention (1) has for this purpose two wall-shaped configured housing parts (6) which are connected via a pivot axis (7) coupled to each other, so that the tool box (1) in a closed position and an open position can be brought. In at least one housing part (6) of the tool box according to the invention (1) has a Bitaufnahmereihe (9) via a spring-elastic restoring element (12) in a removal position on opening of the tool box (1) can be brought. The Bitaufnahmereihe (9) is rotatable about an axis of rotation (10) is mounted. For optimal space utilization of the available storage space with the mold closed box (1) according to the invention the Bitaufnahmereihe (9) rotatable about a rotation axis (10) substantially orthogonal to the pivot axis (7) of the housing parts (6) oriented.


The present thesis has investigated patterns of growth, feeding and transport variability in Baltic sprat in order to better understand how these processes act during the pre-recruit life stages and determine sprat year-class strength.


Pathways for the solvent-free condensation between Schiff Bases and methylenic compounds are discussed taking into account the reported mechanistic purposes and new experimental data.


In this study, we look at the 3D effects of absorber height on mask patterns for extreme-ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). Our first consideration is the extent to which sidewall angle (SWA) constrains the process window. Taking 10% of the total CD error budget as an acceptable tolerance, this amounted to 0.2nm of tolerable SWA-induced CD error. Results for the three nominal SWA cases show that the angle needs to be constrained to within about 0.5 degrees. Overall, the results above indicate that not only is there not much change in sensitivity on changing angle as a function of nominal angle, but also that the nominal angle has no large effect on process window size. Secondly, we consider how off-axis illumination shadowing of the mask absorber pattern effects line-edge-roughness (LER). Data suggests shadowing causes minimal differences between the left- and right-side LER for the 22nm half-pitch node under disk σ = 0.5 illumination and 70nm absorber height. For 16nm half-pitch with crosspole σ = 0.2, significant differences were seen.


Background
Accidents and shutdowns of field technical pipelines not only lead to the loss of gas, oil and oil products, but also require the cost of repair and restoration work, which entails large economic costs, estimated at billions of rubles annually.
Aims and Objectives
Calculation of oil field pipelines test pressure taking into account the ovality and curvature of pipes, the type of stress state, the size of surface defects, plastic properties of pipes.
Results
To determine the maximum test pressure, it seems reasonable to divide the pipeline into sections for hydraulic testing, indicate the sources of production and the place of discharge of water.
For each site, it should be found the minimum radius of elastic bending and wall thickness. Trouble-free operation of the oil pipeline can be ensured by periodic hydraulic testing - approximately 1 time in 3 years or by periodically reducing the working pressure. Another way to ensure trouble-free operation of a heat conductor is to reduce the load cycling.


With respect to the development of information technology, and would force the people in those who use the technology maximally life of all terms. Certainly various information, one is for the students who will undergo tour study or undergo college them in the far from their homes. It made students were to will find temporary shelter as a domicile for the study done. It is therefore needed a system by which can help students to rented room without coming directly to tenants. Building these systems in a design thinking from empathizing, defining, ideating, and testing prototype. Of writing code PHP, using the program and also use database MySQL framework Codeigniter 3. With the rental system, the rooming house is to simplify prospective tenants to do the booking the rooming house without having to come to the rooming house providers.


- The present article reports the supramolecular interaction between fullerenes (C 60 and C 70 ) and a designed monoporphyrin, e.g., parafluorotetraphenylporphyrin (1), in presence of silver nanoparticles (AgNp) having diameter of ~3-7 nm in toluene. UV-Vis studies reveal an interesting new physicochemical aspect. It is observed that in presence of C 60 and C 70 solution (in toluene), reduction in the absorbance value of the Soret band of 1 takes place; however, increase in the absorbance value of 1 occurs when the same experiment is performed in presence of silver nanoparticles. The most remarkable feature of the UV-Vis studies is that in presence of AgNp, all the species, i.e., 1, 1 + C 60 and 1 + C 70 mixtures, undergo first order exponential decay and the rate constant values are estimated to be 0.068, 0.084 and 0.060 min -1 , respectively. Steady state fluorescence measurement reveals that reduction in the binding constant ( K ) value takes place for both C 60 -1 ( K = 1065 dm 3 ×mol -1 ) and C 70 -1 systems ( K = 12585 dm 3 ×mol -1 ) in presence of AgNp ( K C60-1 = 890 & K C60-1 = 11975 dm 3 ×mol -1 ). Conductance measurements evoke that AgNp particle reduces the magnitude of conductance value for the fullerene-1 systems in presence of AgNp. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscope measurements demonstrate that the electrostatic attraction between porphyrin-based supramolecules and AgNp is very much responsible behind the formation of nanorod in case of C 60 -1-AgNp composite.


Listen online Modem Radio Hits - pop. Hits of music of various genres from the 80s to today. Modem Radio Hits is broadcasting in French from France, Chambery.


This paper proposes a co-training style algorithm called Co-STAR that acquires hyponymy relations simultaneously from structured and unstructured text. In Co-STAR, two independent processes for hyponymy relation acquisition -- one handling structured text and the other handling unstructured text -- collaborate by repeatedly exchanging the knowledge they acquired about hyponymy relations. Unlike conventional co-training, the two processes in Co-STAR are applied to different source texts and training data. We show the effectiveness of this algorithm through experiments on large-scale hyponymy-relation acquisition from Japanese Wikipedia and Web texts. We also show that Co-STAR is robust against noisy training data.


Abstract Healthy stadia is a growing agenda across industry and in turn academia. In this era of growth, much of the research literature is primarily sourced from academics with little contribution from applied and industry stakeholders. As such, the editors have sought to offer practitioners a platform to share novel projects, perspectives and preliminary intervention evaluation findings. This applied article intends to share evaluation and insight from applied practice, to encourage closer debate between the academic community and applied industry.


To realize the real-time problem of the image enhancement technology in the infrared thermal sight system,a window enhancement method was put forward according to the vision characteristic of human's eye.A proper size sub-image was first taken out of the whole infrared image and the sub-image was then processed with a certain enhancement algorithm,while pixels out of the sub-image were not processed.The hardware processing flow chart was given.It is proved from the analysis that the processing time of background pixels is saved with the window enhancement method and real-time responsibility of image processing is improved.Moreover,this method does not damage the enhancement effect and it is especially useful in the scene with small object.


Cloud Computing gains more popularity in current era, as it offers on-demand services. Numerous services are delivering upon the user request to make their process easier and more rapidly. It is necessary to secure the services which contain huge volume of data, while centralizing into cloud data centers for outsourcing. Challenge or the issue of each cloud service application lies in the confidentiality, availability and scalability in the data centers. In this paper, a new Security-as-a-Service based application model is proposed that offers encryption as a service to its consigners for assorted type of files. The proposed innovative application in public cloud model serves better to encrypt files consists of sensitive data and the result demonstrates efficiency of the application. Security analysis is performed for the proposed encryption algorithm that resist against various cryptanalytic attacks Comparative Analysis shows evidence of the efficacy of proposed pioneering application model.


Background Despite the widely documented success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), stakeholders continue to face the challenges of poor HIV treatment outcomes. While many studies have investigated patient-level causes of poor treatment outcomes, data on the effect of health systems on ART outcomes are scarce. Objective We compare treatment outcomes among patients receiving HIV care and treatment at a public and private HIV clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa. Patients and methods This was a retrospective cohort analysis of ART naïve adults (≥18.0 years), initiating ART at a public or private clinic in Johannesburg between July 01, 2007 and December 31, 2012. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to identify baseline predictors of mortality and loss to follow-up (>3 months late for the last scheduled visit). Generalized estimating equations were used to determine predictors of failure to suppress viral load (≥400 copies/mL) while the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to compare the median absolute change in CD4 count from baseline to 12 months post-ART initiation. Results 12,865 patients initiated ART at the public clinic compared to 610 at the private clinic. The patients were similar in terms of sex and age at initiation. Compared to public clinic patients, private clinic patients initiated ART at higher median CD4 counts (159 vs 113 cells/mm3) and World Health Organization stage I/II (76.1% vs 58.5%). Adjusted hazard models showed that compared to public clinic patients, private clinic patients were less likely to die (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35–0.70) but were at increased risk of loss to follow-up (aHR 1.80; 95% CI 1.59–2.03). By 12 months post-ART initiation, private clinic patients were less likely to have a detectable viral load (adjusted relative risk 0.65; 95% CI 0.49–0.88) and recorded higher median CD4 change from baseline (184 cells/mm3 interquartile range 101–300 vs 158 cells/mm3 interquartile range 91–244), when compared to public clinic patients. Conclusion We identified differences in treatment outcomes between the two HIV clinics. Findings suggest that the type of clinic at which ART patients initiate and receive treatment can have an impact on treatment outcomes. Further research is necessary to provide more conclusive results.


The combustion features and problems existed in kicker boiler were analyzed.With increased rear-arch and used high temperature and pressure steam as the secondary air,the furnace temperature and combustion efficiency was increased and the carbon particle's staying in furnace was also prolonged in addition to a good economic and social benefit.


Abstract A simple and efficient synthetic approach is reported for the synthesis of 5-trifluoromethyl-5-aryl-3-methylidenepyrrolidin-2-ones in moderate to excellent yields via an acid-catalyzed one-pot multicomponent reaction of aromatic trifluoromethyl ketones, acylhydrazines, and ethyl 2-(bromomethyl)acrylate promoted by tin powder. The protocol is operationally simple. The overall process involves allylation and cyclization of the intermediate of acylhydrazones.


This is a wide-ranging survey of the place of trade in the Roman world and of the importance of craftsmen. Every contribution is of the highest quality and I read them all with mounting admiration,...


The world is moving forward at a fast pace, and the credit goes to ever growing technology. One such concept is IOT (Internet of things) with which automation is no longer a virtual reality. IOT connects various non-living objects through the internet and enables them to share information with their community network to automate processes for humans and makes their lives easier. The paper presents the future challenges of IoT , such as the technical (connectivity , compatibility and longevity , standards , intelligent analysis and actions , security), business ( investment , modest revenue model etc. ), societal (changing demands , new devices, expense, customer confidence etc. ) and legal challenges ( laws, regulations, procedures, policies etc. ). A section also discusses the various myths that might hamper the progress of IOT, security of data being the most critical factor of all. An optimistic approach to people in adopting the unfolding changes brought by IOT will also help in its growth


"non-poisonous " snakes are also of three types-small burrowing snakes often resembling worms, large constricting snakes such as pythons or boas, and the numerous family of colubrine snakes. Some colubrines have fangs at the back of the mouth, but, though technically venomous, their bites are harmless to man, with the rare exception of some back-fanged snakes in Africa such as the boomslang. The distinction of poisonous from non-poisonous snakes is often difficult, but is not usually important for the clinician; he should be able to diagnose whether or not a patient has poisoning, and, if so, of what type and severity. Epidemiological studies have confirmed that snakebite in the tropics is a rural and an occupational hazard. Most bites occur in daylight and on the foot or ankle because the victim treads on or near the snake. The severity of poisoning is not related to the time of the bite, breeding habits of the snakes, or the age of the victim.


New Testament textual criticism is a field of research that seeks to confidently establish the text of the New Testament by comparing thousands of manuscripts, finding the variants between these manuscripts, and making informed decisions as to the original text based on the internal and external features of those manuscripts. By examining such features as date of composition, textual family, and variant length, scholars are able to determine the correct reading of a text with a high degree of confidence. The use of computing in this field has been documented since at least the 1970's, but they have not been applied to the task of textual criticism itself. Rather, computers have been used primarily to classify manuscripts and determine their relationships to each other. Our research in this paper takes a new approach by applying machine learning algorithms to the task of textual criticism. After testing multiple supervised learning algorithms, our research finds that support vector machines and decision trees outperform the other tested and achieve 98.8% accuracy.


The Brian de Palma film Femme Fatale shows which are the functions of snapshots of ex-paparazzi are reconverted artist and of extensive puzzle photographic that it is making. They are approached here, the photographic figure, acts that the plot determines and its references in paper, for finally, to exhibit the diverse formulas of which it arranges the fixed image to narrate within this film.


This article proposes a compact hepta‐band antenna for unbroken metal‐rimmed mobile applications. The proposed antenna includes a vertical copper plate, an open slot and printed multi‐branches on both sides of the substrate. The 1‐λ bezel mode is employed to cover the GSM850/900 operating bands. By combining the different modes of the multiple branches, the proposed antenna is capable of covering GSM1800/1900, UMTS, GSM2300/2500 bands. Besides, a design strategy for enhancing the bandwidth of lower and higher bands is introduced. The mentioned structures are combined on the 122 × 60 mm2 substrate board without lumped elements. The measured results show our proposed antenna achieves three‐wide bandwidths, which typically agree with the simulation results. Meanwhile, the performances of radiation patterns, efficiencies, and gains are also obtained.


Four underutilized plant seed oils Thevetia peruviana (TP), Hura crepitans (HC), Sesamum indica (SI) and Mangifera indica (MI) were converted to fatty acid amides by reacting concentrated ammonia with acid chloride. The conversion was monitored and confirmed with sodium fusion test, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance). The result of the antifungal test against Fusarium solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Pyricularia oryzae and Cyrtomium falcatum showed that all amides are potential antifungal agents. In contrary; the results obtained for antibacterial test showed little or no inhibition of these bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Xanthomonas spp., Pseudomonas syringae and Bacillus subtilis) at 15 mg/mL.


In addition to increasing the possible objects of study, broadband-distributed television services have introduced new challenges to grounding the television shows we study in their industrial milieu. In truth, this is not an issue that originates with broadband services—it has been a part of international distribution for some time—but has become more acute since the late 1980s, when co-productions became common in Europe, Asia, and the Americas as a way to compete against a growing onslaught of US imports. Before that, if you knew a show's country of origin, it was pretty easy to ascertain what entity it had been produced for: even though many public broadcasters acquired programming from independent producers, they nevertheless aired it on their national broadcast channels. With some noteworthy exceptions, very little television produced outside the US at this time traveled beyond its nation of origin. Pinpointing a television series' industrial and national origins became more complicated as cable and satellite introduced a greater range and variety of television services around the globe. These newcomers were often commercial distributors in systems where public service broadcasting had long dominated, as well as various advertising-subscription hybrid services, as was the case for most US cable channels. Not only did the upstarts tend to source their programming much more widely than their broadcast counterparts; they also quickly developed sister channels in multiple markets that shared program acquisitions...


The embodiment of the invention provides a method, a device and a system for processing network failures so as to build an external network management channel in a wireless meaner and bear the management control information of the network. The method comprises the following steps: receiving the address information of the network device accessing a wireless network; obtaining the failure information of the network device through the wireless network according to the address information of the network device; and processing the failures of the network device according to the failure information.


Murthy, Henry & Holberg discovered intense far-ultraviolet (FUV) (λλ912-1600) emission from the direction of the Coalsack molecular cloud 10 years ago. We have used their results in conjunction with a Monte Carlo model for the scattering in the region to show that the scattering is from dust in the foreground of the Coalsack. The albedo of the grains is 0.4 ± 0.2. This is one of the few determinations of the albedo of dust in the diffuse interstellar medium in the FUV.


The aim of this article is to identify the main efforts deployed by a techno-epistemic network in the construction and positioning of an energetic imaginary that's renewable and civic in Chile: the "Energy 2050". The methodology of the study is qualitative with a bibliographic review design. Empirically, we conducted a thematic analysis on the secondary information from the techno-epistemic network developed by Chile's Ministry of Energy between the years 2014-2018. The analysis shows that members of the network, through the sociotechnical understanding of energy, managed to "dehydroAysenize" the electricity field, develop an energy policy and position a new socially, politically and technically validated imaginary that promotes an energy transition towards the year 2050. Finally, our discussions with the scientific literature allows us to provide a background for a new study subject related to the implications of socio-environmental conflicts or controversies in sociotechnical imaginary.


The friction loss of gears and its quantitative estimation are important problems because of their relevance to energy conservation and load-carrying capacity. Recent research results do not provide satisfactory estimates of friction loss of spur gears. Therefore, the authors carried out experiments to study the influences of lubricating oil viscosity and additives, as well as base oil type and load and rotational speed on friction loss of spur gears


Recently, wireless medical antennas and devices have been widely used. It is almost impossible to use a real human body to evaluate in-body medical antennas and devices experimentally. Instead, human-body physical phantoms are inevitable for such experiments. This paper firstly overviews a few points of human-body physical phantoms. Then, two typical examples of advanced physical phantoms, namely, an inhomogeneous phantom and a transparent phantom are briefly introduced as semi-hard phantoms.


The major objective of this study was to reevaluate the source contributions of CO in light of the more recent implementation of no-burn days based on the meteorological forecast 24 hours in advance. Whole air samples were collected during the Winter of 1989--1990 in Albuquerque, NM, for CO concentration and {sup 14}C measurements. Since resources for this study were limited, a 23-factorial design with limited replication was used to obtain optimal source information given a constraint of 10 ambient samples. The three-factor two-level sampling design included the following: (1) sampling location; residential vs traffic sites, (2) time-of-day; 0630 to 1430 vs 1630 to 0030, and (3) forecasted meteorology; dynamic vs stagnant air mass, to effectively cover time-space. On three occasions, samples were collected for target periods of maximum wood burning, as predicted by the forecast meteorology that suggested times of cold stagnant air which would likely result in temperature inversions with little mixing. Radiocarbon results, assuming that a measured {sup 14}CO background component applies, indicated that the contribution of RWC ranged from 0% to 32% for all samples analyzed. For samples collected when conditions were most favorable for high CO but designated as no-burn, the RWC contribution ranged from 0%more » to 18%.« less


Objective To clarify the clinical significance of the synthesized recipes of Kidney Nourishing Recipe(KNR),Invigorating Spleen Recipe(ISR),and Promoting Blood Circulation Recipe(PBCR) by observation the clinic effect of GuKang Granules(GGs),the representative herb of KNR,ISR and PBCR on primary osteoporosis patients. Methods Eighty patients with primary osteoporosis were randomly divided into two groups:the active group of GGs and the control group of QiangGu capsules. Results The effective rate of active group was 96% and the bone mineral density(BMD) had been increased,the clinic symptoms allieviated,and the scores of renal deficiency decreased,but no significant difference was found between the two groups.The active groups's bone gla protein(BGP),pyridinoline(PYD),estrodiol(E_2) and testosterone(T) level was remarkably decreased in both groups without difference between them. Conclusions GGs can inhibit the bone absorption and accelerate the osteogenesis,and are effective in osteoporosis treatment.


In this paper we analyze the impact of enhancement biases on team formation. We show that learning positively about team partners can promote cooperation among individuals as it reduces the negative effect of commonly observed self-enhancement biases. This is the case because evaluating peers favorably promotes the convergence in beliefs about the abilities of the different team members. We show that this effect is even stronger when peer-enhancement biases are reciprocal and balanced.


The present disclosure relates to methods kinds of qualifications awarded, eligible for a method and apparatus belonging to the field of Internet technology. The method comprising: receiving a first account to a second account to send a request to share qualification, qualifications for requesting sharing request to grant priority to a second account eligibility of the target service; Detection of target service account is used; if used on account goals, the second account is granted eligibility for priority target service. The present disclosure solves the problem of the related art results in network congestion or even a server crash; achieved through the use of application target through the first account to a second account services share their priority status, will target services targeted to the second account of the effect .


In this paper was studied the genetic effect on economic efficiency of broiler chickens growth, reared in intensive system on period of 42 days. The genetic material was represented of broiler chickens that belonged the hybrids "Ross-308" and "Cobb-500" with two groups ("Ross-308", LC-control group and "Cobb 500", L1-experimental group). In the growth periods (starter, growth and finisher) chickens have received compound feed ad libitum with nutritional characteristics conforming to recommendations of the Aviagen Company. Broiler chickens and compound feed were weighed on each pen at: 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days, and was calculated: body weight gain (BWG), average daily gain (ADG) feed conversion ratio (FCR). Mortality was recorded daily. Thus, at the end of each growth period (14, 35 and 42 days), were calculated values for European Broiler Index (EBI) and European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF). The highest values for EBI and EPEF were obtained at L1, and at LC situation was reversed. The economic efficiency of broiler chickens growth was positively influenced by the growth performance (BW, ADG and FCR) and the recorded viability. Although, the genotypes studied were reared under identical condition, the hybrid "Cobb-500" to registered slightly higher values for indices studied (P≤0.05), compared to the hybrid "Ross-308".


J. C. O'Neill, in an important and constructive article on 'The Synoptic Problem', begins his discussion with the statement that ' there is every reason to continue to assert that attention to the order of paragraphs in the Synoptic Gospels will yield, with high probability, the result that Matthew and Luke independently took over an order of events from the order in Mark. Marcan priority is still the most likely hypothesis'. In support of this claim he offers the following argument:


RNAmolecules has been confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction from a normal human pancreatic RNA preparation (Fig. 2). This could be explained by a common embryogenic origin with the liver. On the basis of this observation, we have analyzed 25 acinar cell carcinomas, of which 46% were albumin ISH positive. Such expression was associated with a solid pattern and poor differentiation (Fig. 3). In contrast, pancreatic adenocarcinomas are negative (Fig. 2).1 In conclusion, albumin ISH is a very useful marker for hepatocellular carcinoma and is easy to use. Its expression in biliary intrahepatic tumor questions the distinction between ICC and combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinomas, with stem cell features, also underlined by transcriptional analysis, and raises the hypothesis of a potential continuum between different primary intrahepatic carcinoma entities. Moreover, we should keep in mind that both normal and tumoral pancreatic acinar cells are positive for albumin ISH. Therefore it could also be a marker for acinar cell carcinomas.


The authors of the article analyzed the technique of geoinformation modeling of flooded areas of the river valley. There has been created an animated GIS model of flooding of the object under study -a section of the river valley Yesilnear Petropavlovsk (North Kazakhstan region), which is subject to annual intense flooding. The scenario was modeled on the basis of hydrological characteristics, information on water rises levels for a certain period, as well as relief data using the tools of ArcGIS|ArcScene. Theauthors used such methods as comparative geographical, cartographic, observation, field methods, and GIS technologies. The study consists of several stages, which include such tasks as the collection and generalization of analytical data on the hydrological regime, spring flood, and flood phenomena on the Yesil river, the creation of a digital relief model based on SRTM data, the creation of a forecast model offlooding near Petropavlovsk. The results obtained can be useful for planning and carrying out measures to prevent emergencies related to flood events on the river.


The utility model relates to an electronic weighing functional shoe, which comprises a shoe, pressure sensors and a weighing controller, the pressure sensors are respectively arranged at the front and rear force-applying points of the sole of the shoe, and the weight controller is arranged in the rear port of the shoe; the panel of the weighing controller is provided with a switch button and a voice reporting button; an amplifier-filter module, an analog-to-digital converter, a microprocessor, a voice chip, a speaker, button cells and a voltage regulation module are arranged in the weighing controller, the two pressure sensors are respectively connected with the amplifier-filter module in the weighing controller through wires, the amplifier-filter module is connected with the analog-to-digital converter, the analog-to-digital converter is connected with the microprocessor, and the microprocessor is respectively connected with the voice chip and the speaker. The electronic weighing functional shoe can continuously measure the weight of a wearer in real time, measurement is accurate, and the measurement result can be reported by voice, and wearing comfort is perfectly integrated with the weighing function.


We study multiunit uniform price auctions where the seller is allowed to decrease the quantity supplied in order to maximize his profit. We show that he never chooses to do so in equilibrium. However, the existence of this option eliminates such equilibria where objects for sale are sold for too low a price. Our model explains the size of underpricing in Treasury auctions and provides guidance for the design of uniform price auctions.


2014 Silicated micrometeorites (mass : 1/10 03BCg) impacting aluminium target are simulated with a neodyme pulsed laser, producing a maximum laser pulse energy of 100 in a few ns. The simulated micrometeorites velocities are in the range of 5 km/s-45 km/s; the mass loss ratio, Km, is related to particle velocity Vp by Km = 1.17 V1.52p. J. Physique LETTRES 44 (1983) L-189 L-194 ler MARS 1983, Classification Physics Abstracts 52.40H 62.50


For a minimization problem with pointwise observation governed by a one-dimensional parabolic equation with a free convection term and a depletion potential we consider a weight quadratic cost functional. We state a problem of double minimization to our functional obtain by finding first minimum of the functional in some class of control functions and iterated minimum by weight. For such problem we prove the existence of a pair of minimizers. To prove these results we establish the special form of maximum principle. Also we use some results on *-weakly closed sets and weak convergence of functionals.


The invention provides a method for removing a natural oxide layer. The natural oxide layer formed on the surface of a semiconductor substrate is removed by using hydride of germanium at temperature of 400 to 600 DEG C. The method for removing the natural oxide layer, provided by the invention, is low in treatment temperature, loss of silicon of the semiconductor substrate can be effectively avoided, the overall removal process can be performed in epitaxial reaction equipment, and chambers of the epitaxial reaction equipment do not to be modified, so the treatment cost can be greatly lowered as well.


This paper clarifies the transfer of electrical energy from one place to another, wirelessly avoiding traditional methods of power transfer. The phenomenon occurred here is to transfer power using a renewable source over a range, without the use of wired medium. Solar panels are added in this system as they play a key role in providing a renewable source of energy in the place of non-renewable or AC source supplies. The panels convert light into electrical energy and is stored in the batteries. This energy is then passed on to the transmitter, which basically transmits energy in the form of electromagnetic waves, through one inductor at the transmitting end and another at the receiver end. The receiver decodes the transmitted EM wave to its original form, producing the same voltage as applied at the transmitting end. This whole apparatus is confined into a panel where it could be placed on roofs or ceiling providing range over a wider area throughout the work space. Keywords---Electromagnetic, inductive coupling, renewable, resonance coupling, wireless charging


Recently, adversarial attacks can be applied to the physical world, causing practical issues to various Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) powered applications. Most existing physical adversarial attack defense works only focus on eliminating explicit perturbation patterns from inputs, ignoring interpretation to CNN's intrinsic vulnerability. Therefore, they lack expected versatility to different attacks and thereby depend on considerable data processing costs. In this paper, we propose LanCe – a comprehensive and lightweight CNN defense methodology against different physical adversarial attacks. By interpreting CNN's vulnerability, we find that non-semantic adversarial perturbations can activate CNN with significantly abnormal activations and even overwhelm other semantic input patterns' activations. We improve the CNN recognition process by adding a self-verification stage to detect the potential adversarial input with only one CNN inference cost. Based on the detection result, we further propose a data recovery methodology to defend the physical adversarial attacks. We apply such defense methodology into both image and audio CNN recognition scenarios and analyze the computational complexity for each scenario, respectively. Experiments show that our methodology can achieve an average 91% successful rate for attack detection and 89% accuracy recovery. Moreover, it is at most 3× faster compared with the state-of-the-art defense methods, making it feasible to resource-constrained embedded systems, such as mobile devices.


Using a general type incidence, the second and fourth order moments are formulated in atmospheric turbulence. Received field and intensity correlations are evaluated and the behaviour of these correlations are compared for different beam types.


The paper describes some design aspect of an otoacoustic emissions (OAE) instrument for hearing assessment by using a personal computer and its affiliated sound card. The instrument functionality are achieved by means of virtual instrumentation programmed with LabVIEW utilities. Such OAE instrument is of high quality but relatively inexpensive , and has the potential for laboratory research and clinical practice.


The Project Development Objective of the Eastern Recovery Project of the Democratic Republic of Congo is to improve access to socio economic infrastructure and improve livelihoods in vulnerable communities in the eastern provinces. Both community sub-projects and employment creation activities may have the potential of some localized environmental and social impacts. Most adverse impacts are, however, expected to be site specific, limited in scope and time, and easily mitigated. An Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) developed under the Emergency Social Action Project will serve as a basis to prepare and disclose the ESMF of the Eastern Recovery Project. In addition, an Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPMP) has been prepared to mitigate agricultural activities which may induce the use of pesticides.


Setting traffic light signals is a classical topic in traffic engineering, and important in heavy-traffic conditions when green times become scarce and longer queues are inevitably formed. For the fixed-cycle traffic-light queue, an elementary queueing model for one traffic light with cyclic signaling, we obtain heavy-traffic limits that capture the long-term queue behavior. We leverage the limit theorems to obtain sharp performance approximations for one queue in heavy traffic. We also consider optimization problems that aim for optimal division of green times among multiple conflicting traffic streams. We show that inserting heavy-traffic approximations leads to tractable optimization problems and close-to-optimal signal prescriptions. The same type of limiting result can be established for several vehicle-actuated strategies which adds to the general applicability of the framework presented in this paper.


The external joint anti-corrosion of pipeline is related to the quality of whole pipeline,which is the weak links resulting in the pipeline failure.Among the numerous anti-corrosion materials,how to choose joint coating material to meet the many requirements such as the anti-corrosion properties,construction conditions is of the utmost importance.Many questiones existed in the pipeline anticorrosion joint-coating were firstly analyzed,and then the properties of the common about 10 types of anti-corrosion joint-coating materials were evaluated and compared;On this basis,the compared research concept was used to construct of comparison and selection index system of anticorrosion joint coating material,and to evaluate material on the basis of the extent of various materials conforming to the index system,and finally to recommend 3 layers of PE,2 layers of FBE and poly-urea as the current best anti-corrosion joint-coating materials.


The purpose of the study was to find out how well companies succeed in trying to convey the identity of their trademarks to the consumers.The study was quantitative with a survey design. A sample o ...


The hillfort of Kupiškis (Aukštupėnai) has never been investigated before but was regarded by many researchers as a former location of a wooden castle, used for defence during the attacks of the Teutonic Order. Between the years 2017 and 2018, interdisciplinary investigations were conducted on the hillfort, which included excavations of a 20 m2 area, a geophysical survey, a survey and soil sampling from 150 drilled boreholes, and laboratory analysis of soil samples and archaeological material. Although the obtained results corresponded with the theoretical model of Selonian hillforts, new and unexpected details about the structure of the hillfort were also revealed. Prior to the establishment of settlement structures, the hill was of a completely different shape than it is now. Archaeological excavation confirmed the assumption based on soil geochemical analysis that the hill was settled during the 1st millennium BC. A structure of stones, soil and wood, was built along the edges of the hilltop during the period between the 8th and 5th centuries BC, during which it burned on several occasions and was rebuilt. Finds from the hillfort attest to the fact that people lived here during the turn of the millennium. However, no cultural layer or
fortification features of this period have been detected. During the 1st millennium AD, the hillfort could have been used during emergencies. Hillfort reinforcements were destroyed by fire during the 5th-6th century and the 8th-10th century. Lastly, no traces of activity on the hillfort were detected for later periods.

Key words: Kupiškis (Aukštupėnai), hillfort, settlement, interdisciplinary research.


This paper deals with the optimal tracking control (OTC) problem for a class of nonlinear system with control- affine form. The feedforward compensation technique is used in order to make the system's output asymptotically track the desired trajectory. An adjoint vector is introduced to compensate the control-affine nonlinearity of the dynamic system. The compensation term is obtained by introducing an iterative procedure for solving a sequence of linear inhomogeneous two- point boundary value (TPBV) problems using the successive approximation approach (SAA). The OTC law obtained consists of an accurate state feedback term, a feedforward term and a compensation term which is the limit of the adjoint vector sequence. Using a finite-time iteration of the adjoint vector among optimal solution sequence, we can obtain a suboptimal tracking control (STC) law. An aircraft model is employed to test the validity of this method.


Managerial stress exists and has to be coped with. The author describes a study that demonstrates that cue‐controlled relaxation can be applied to groups of managers to reduce psychological and physical stress. The study involved 36 middle managers with stress problems who were randomly exposed to treatment and non‐treatment, which consisted of a three‐week programme to teach conditioned relaxation responses to self‐administered cues. Three months after both groups completed measures of psychological strain, physical strain and job satisfaction. Results indicated that the treatment reduced psychological and physical strain and improved job satisfaction, but had a negligible impact on performance and physiological strain.


Related values of cardiac output and hepatic blood flow were measured in eight premedicated (pethidine 10 mg/kg b.w.) dogs under varying depths of fluoromar® anaesthesia. The measurements were first taken under basis anaesthesia with barbiturate (mebumal natrium 25 mg/kg b.w.) gallamine (80 mg)‐N2O‐O2 (ratio 2 to 1) with controlled normoventilation, and then under increasing depths of fluoromar anaesthesia: increasing stepwise to l 1/2–3 and 6% inspiratory concentrations. Finally the measurements were repeated after the fluoromar had been discontinued. Using the basis anaesthesia as a reference, it was found that 6% fluoromar gave a reduction in cardiac output (34%), heart rate (11%) and mean pressure in the aorta (18%). The peripheral resistance was simultaneously increased by 22%. The effect on the splanchnic blood flow was far less and without significant changes from one step in the anaesthesia to the next. Using 6% fluoromar it was found that there was a maximum reduction in blood flow of 20% of the initial value. There was unchanged splanchnic resistance during the whole of the investigation.


Armagh mill owner, bank agent and MP, Leonard Dobbin like members of the Dawson and Ogle families is recalled nowadays in a local street name. He is remembered in the ballad "Dobbin's Flowery Vale" which extols the romantic virtues of walks he developed in the Folly Glen on the outskirts of the city. A lesser known ballad takes a more defamatory view of the man who built one of the city's best known streets. The motives for the Dobbin Street project are questioned and he is slated as a hypocrite and opportunist. Today it might be tempting to imagine such work as an altruistic gesture by one of the city fathers but the ballad writer does not agree. The ballad was penned in 1833 during a contentious election campaign when Dobbin fought off the city's Sovereign, Arthur Irwin Kelly to become MP for the borough. By that time Dobbin's development was twenty years old but is portrayed in the ballad as a controversial issue.


The Procrustean Dilemma. The Case Conceptualization Crucible: A New Model. Two Heads Are Better Than One: Collaborative Empiricism. Incorporating Client Strengths and Building Resilience. "Can You Help Me?": Descriptive Case Conceptualization. "Why Does This Keep Happening to Me?": Cross-sectional Explanatory Conceptualizations. "Does My Future Look Like My Past?": Longitudinal Explanatory Conceptualizations. Learning and Teaching Case Conceptualization. Appraising the Model. Appendix: Aid to History Taking Form.


were examined, using tubulin immunolabeling and electron microscopy. In cells, which at the beginning of the treatment were at a transitional stage between anaphase and telophase, the transformation of the interzonal microtubule (Mt) system into a phagmoplast was delayed. In cells treated at a telophase/ cytokinetic stage, the lateral phragmoplast expansion towards the cell periphery was delayed or inhibited. Besides, in cells entering telophase through an abnormal mitosis, Al inhibited phragmoplast formation and induced the organization of atypical tubulin bundles. The latter formed a network around the reassembling polyploid nucleus. The Al-effects resulted in the disturbance of cytokinesis and the formation of binuclear or polyploid cells, which lacked typical Mts. Instead of them, the post-telophase cells displayed atypical tubulin aggregations. In addition, Al affects cell plate development. Dividing cells, encompassing early interphase daughter nuclei, contained incomplete, atypical cell plates. The latter were quite thick, wavy and perforated, showing large "islands", which contained electron transparent material. In some cells, the atypical cell plates gave rise to incomplete daughter walls, but in some others they were dismantled. The aberrant cell plates as well as the young daughter cell walls fluoresced intensely after aniline blue staining, an observation suggesting that they contain significant quantities of callose. The above findings combined with those derived from the study of the Al-effects on the mitotic spindle show that Mt cytoskeleton is a target site of Al toxicity in dividing cells.


The work presents the results of studying the dynamics of a liquid flow in a pipeline with an artificial gas cavity arising in a stream of a liquid as a result of blowing gas behind the cavitator and limited in the axial development by a local throttle washer-type hydroresistance located on the exit of the pipeline. The data of experimental research of the results of the revealed flow structure are presented. The mathematical model of the considered cavitational formation is given, the analysis of the liquid flow stability is presented. The physical mechanism of the selfoscillations is revealed and a possibility of transition to relaxation oscillations in the form of a sequence of hydro-shocks is shown.


Malicious URL detection has become increasingly difficult due to the evolution of phishing campaigns and efforts to avoid weakening blacklists. The existing state of cybercrime has allowed pirates to host campaigns with smaller lifespan, which reduces the efficacy of the backlist. At the same time, standard supervised learning algorithms are known to generalize in specific patterns observed in the training data, which makes them a better alternative against piracy campaigns. However the highly dynamic environment of these campaigns requires models updated frequently, which poses new challenge as most learning algorithms are too computationally require exclusive retraining. This paper surveys two contributions. Firstly it discusses the problems associated with Malicious URL and there propagation mechanism. Secondly, it provides method to detect and distinguish Malicious URL by analyzing them. For analysis Recall, Precision and F-measures matrices are used.


Summary The need for economic growth in agriculture was based on high efficiency in the utilization of all productive factors, especially land and machinery. The holdings on Turkish agriculture have many parts of land within the smallest parcels. Small scale of economy prevents to get high productivity of some production factors. It is inevitable to implement land reform or to organize some regulations for group farming. Group farming is based on jointly used productive factors and performances making better than the individual farming system. In this study, group farming in some countries and Turkey was discussed and some steps for developing of group farming in Turkey were proposed.


In recent decades, the electric vehicles play an enormous role for green house system. An electrical driven system was replaced by the combustion engine. But the EVCS electric vehicle charging system has number of challenges. In this research, a novel technique is proposed and implementedfor estimating BatteryResidual Capacity or BRC in electric vehicles or EVs. Modelling the battery of electric vehicles using Modified adaptive Neuro-fuzzy inference system is the major implication of the method in discussion. The most workable open engines would be Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) for the sake of EV applications. Nearby the available battery bank, a photovoltaic or PV board has been placed in order to build driving miles electric vehicles. So as to regulate the vitality stream into as well as out of PV board, battery just as SRMdrive, Modified Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference controller (MANFIS) installed tri-port converter has been anticipated here. The different Electric Vehicle battery working profiles that are explored incorporate consistent current release just as arbitrary current release also driving cycles of standard Electric Vehicle. On comparing the contrasting residual battery capacity and the genuine residual battery capacity, the exactness as well as viability of suggested demonstrating strategy could be accessed. In the event of some charging of battery directly from the PV board then a multiple region charging regulator strategy would be used enemy practical utilization of essentialness. A MANFIS enabled innovation with tri port iscreated in MATLAB-SIMULINK condition. The outcomes are ended up being effective in delivering diminished symphonious contortion. It also has the ability for improving advertise for EVs in the adjacent future.


Purpose. To analyze climatic indicators that cause the formation and development of a wide range of geomorphological processes, including dangerous or catastrophic ones.

Methods. Statistical, system analysis.

Results. The research was based on the analysis of a number of climatic indicators (amount and intensity of precipitation, air and soil temperature, thickness of snow cover and water reserves in it) of the Pozhyzhevska snow avalanche station and the Laboratory of Landscape Monitoring of the Chornohora Geographical Station of the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, which represent different oroclimatic zones.As a result of the study, the climatic indicators influencing the formation of modern relief processes of the northeastern slope of Chornohora were mainly established, and their heterogeneity in the different natural territorial complexes was characterized. Particular attention is paid to the processes of physical weathering, which are quite widespread and form the material for the further development of erosion and gravity processes. Their development is determined by significant temperature amplitudes and temperature transitions through 0°C. It has been established that an the Chornohora Geographical Station, daily air temperature amplitudes above 10°C are characteristic of 2/3 of the days of the warm period, above 15°C - on a third of the days, above 20°C in some cases, with a maximum value of 25.2°C. The daily amplitudes of temperature on the open soil surface above 20°C were recorded on half of the days of the warm period with repeated exceeding of 30°C. With depth, these indicators in the soil are smoothed out, but are still noticeable at a depth of 20 cm. The transition of the air temperature through 0°C (also one of the factors of defluxation) to the Chornohora Geographical Station was recorded on average on 98 days per year (including 38 in the snowless period). The amount and intensity of precipitation affecting the development of erosion processes, the formation of floods, mudflows, avalanches, and indirectly landslides and landslides.

Conclusions. It has been found that the main climatic indicators that cause the formation and development of various geomorphological processes are precipitation, temperature, and snow cover thickness.


As we know that in large manufacturing industries, the cutting operation is very required for raw material, for this purpose they use conventional hacksaw machine for cutting operation. In that type of machine single piece can cut at a time by using an electric motor. Also, one labor utilizes for same. So it is time-consuming and comparatively costly. Therefore we have manufactured a four-way hack-saw machine which is used for cutting job simultaneously, this four-way hack-saw machine uses single motor four cutting job at the same time while in conventional hack-saw machine single motor is used for cutting one job only. Conversion of rotary motion of dc motor into reciprocating motion is obtained by using the eccentric cam. By making such type of machine, cutting operation time as well as labor working time can be reduced. Since such a hack-saw machine gives more productivity than a conventional cutting hack-saw machine, it can be used in manufacturing industries where automation is required. It can be also used in industries where labor availability is less. In this present work, we manufactured a model of four-way hacksaw machine, so we use light duty of structural parts and crank mechanism, a capacity of an electric motor is also very low. But in future, if we want to use such type of machine in industry, we can manufacture it by using heavy duty of body structure and all other required parts.


The soft-output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) is a decoding algorithm which uses soft quantized inputs and delivers soft decision outputs. Implementation parameter effects in SOVA decoding that are related to considerable variations in area consumption of VLSI implementations are considered, i.e., the quantization of the reliability values inside the survivor memory unit, the depth of reliability updating, and the effect of a simplified update rule on the reliability values. Results of extensive simulations are presented. Area estimates obtained by logic synthesis from VHSIC hardware description language (VHDL) descriptions are given to show how these parameters translate into the area consumption of VLSI implementations.


Teaching, not politics, is the art of the possible. Teachers are optimists for a living. We believe all students will learn. We believe ignorance is no match for education. We believe in our personal powers of persuasion and influence. The are of the teacher's universe is long, but it bends toward progress. We believe, in short, in Edutopia. And Edutopia believes in us. Let politicians and pundits speak darkly of the need to weed out bad teachers. Let them hold tests and accountability over our heads like the Sword of Damocles. In Edutopia, teachers rule. We are confident and inspiring. Enlightened administrators are courageous and brave. Grateful parents swoon, while bright, cheerful students meet their academic manifest destinies as their awesome teachers reject the discredited orthodoxies of industrial-age schooling in favor of hands-on projects and authentic, real-world tasks. In the bright light of Edutopia's soul it is always six o'clock in the morning, and you cannot wait to jump out of bed and get to school. More seductive than a fitness magazine on New Year's Day, Edutopia inspires me. Edutopia gets me. Edutopia sees the teacher I am capable of becoming--no, the teacher I will be--and it wants to help me. True, I haven't helped inner-city high-school students design and build a hybrid car that runs on fuel made from soybeans like that guy in Philadelphia. OK, I haven't nailed down donations to buy an old farm so my students can garden and read Thoreau in the bosom of nature like that teacher in Vermont. Hell, I haven't even found the time for that cool unit where my kids create digital avatars and use them to explore body issues. But I will. Yes, in fact, that's exactly what I'm going to do. Right after the tests are over. It's possible. Edutopia comes by its name honestly. Beyond aspirational, it is teacher porn. But here's the thing: it's serious. The George Lucas Educational Foundation, the 19-year-old organization that runs Edutopia, has given itself a mission to "spread the word about ideal, interactive learning environments and enable others to adapt these successes locally." Its name notwithstanding, Edutopia does not see itself as peddling pie-eyed idealism. Many people in education were only dimly aware of Edutopia until early 2009, when the organization suddenly became more aggressive about promoting its vision and products. Driven by a ubiquitous underwriting campaign on National Public Radio (NPR), Edutopia claims 10,000 paid members and a total monthly audience of over 300,000 educators for its web site and videos, a 70 percent jump in the past year. Its six-year-old bimonthly magazine, Edutopia, reached 100,000 subscribers until the foundation decided to go online-only starting in the spring of 2010. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Its unabashed idealism and cheerful optimism make it impossible to dislike Edutopia, which bills itself somewhat grandly as "What Works in Public Education." What's harder to define is Edutopia's on-the-ground impact on America's classrooms and the efficacy of its unique, ultraprogressive ideas. Lucas's money has purchased an impressive collection of reported articles, videos, and web pages gathered on-site at schools across the country that practice at least bits of what Edutopia preaches. Still, foundation officials are hard-pressed to identify any school that has adopted its strategies as a whole. Thus a better Edutopia tagline might be, "What We Think Would Probably Work in Public Education If Schools Would Stop Being So Old-Fashioned and Just Try It. Plus George Lucas Thinks It's a Good Idea." [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] That might not make a compelling NPR underwriting credit. But it would be more accurate. What Works in Public Education? For Edutopia, "What Works in Public Education" boils down to six "core principles": comprehensive assessment, integrated studies, project-based learning, social and emotional learning, teacher development, and technology integration (see sidebar). …


Information and Knowledge Organization is a core area of information science and plays a critical role in making accessible the vast amounts of information available in conventional and, increasingly, digital sources. The new information technologies are creating a new social context and library and information science curricula are changing. These changes and challenges have called for a change in the approach to Knowledge Organization Curriculum. The paper is a case study of Knowledge and Information Organization course offered at the School of Information Science Policy, University at Albany, SUNY, New York and presents author's experience of designing and teaching the course.


The deployment of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) technologies in vehicles and in the transport system over the last 2 years has been the major development on safety and infrastructure as we mark the beginning of the new millennium. At the last ITS World Congress, there were hundreds of papers which discussed technological developments in vehicles and the infrastructure systems they utilise. However, one notable exception amongst the work being reported was the evaluation of the road safety benefits of ITS and its affect on the driving task. There were very few papers investigating this issue, with work by Tokunaga et al(1) and Lee et al(2) being some of the few examples. It is important for the development of ITS that the question of the relationship between human factors and specific technologies be investigated as this will affect the ultimate level of success of ITS in improving safety. This paper sets out to summarise the issues related to ITS and human factors, and report on research undertaken by National Roads and Motorists' Association (NRMA) Member Services to investigate the perceptions of, and reactions to new technologies by potential users of ITS.


We review some results on the ionization conjecture, which says that a neutral atom can bind at most one or two extra electrons.


Inkaliabum, a new monotypic genus endemic to valleys and slopes of the Andes of Cuzco (Peru), is described. The species of genus Inkaliabum is a slender scandent subshrub with pinnately veined leaves, lacking latex, with few capitula in terminal and/or axillary capitulescences, widely campanulate involucres, many phyllaries, many florets per capitulum, and disc florets with corollas slightly differentiated into tube and throat, long style branches, and a short pubescent part of the style shaft. The new combination Inkaliabum diehlii, based on Liabum diehllii is established, and the species is illustrated. In addition, a key to the genera of Liabeae from Peru plus Oligactis is provided.


The sensitivity and resolution of Auger electron spectroscopy in a display‐type LEED system have been optimized by incorporation of a high‐current grazing incidence gun and addition of a fourth grid to the standard three‐grid system.


In order to study the subcellular distribution of carotenoids in Phycomyces blakesleeanus, homogenates of mycelia of the Cl 15 carS42 mad-1Q7(-) mutant were fractionated by both differential and density gradient centrifugation. Characterisation of the fractions * was achieved by the distribution of marker enzyme activities. . Organelles prepared by differential centrifugation were shown to be associated with contaminating lipids, including p-carotene (P, P-carotene). These lipids could not be removed by either repeated washing, or by centrifugation procedures; so a separation technique based on density gradient centrifugation was devised. Only two fractions isolated by the latter method contained carotenoid; the lipid particles, and a particulate fraction. The latter was tentatively identified, on the basis of its density (I.IOg/ml), and its enzyme content, as a vacuole-containing fraction. Both these pigmented fractions exhibited alkaline p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity, as well as containing sterols and phos pholipids. The proteins from these organelles revealed close similarities on amino acid analysis. The relative distribution of P-carotene between these fractions was investigated at various stages of growth. The lipid droplets isolated from P.blakesleeanus resembled those prepared from other plants in both size and lipid content. They contained sufficient protein to form a monolayer around their surf ace. Mycelia were grown in media containing [2-^^c]mevalonic acid (MVA), and the subcellular distribution of radioactive lipids was determined. The rates of incorporation of MVA in various organelles were compared. Organelles were also incubated with [2^c ]mVA in vitro. Cytosol enzymes were able to incorporate MVA into terpenols and squalene. No particulate fractions were capable of converting MVA *• t into P-carotene or sterols in the absence of the cytosol. These results are discussed in terms of the possible sites of biosynthesis of carotenoids in the mycelium, and the inter-relation ships of the pigmented organelles.


Social injustice issues that are skyrocketing in recent times have garnered attention from various parties. One of the issues includes leadership failure, which has caused an immense impact on the social structure. Strong leadership is essential in shaping society as it affects the growth of civilization. Unfortunately, the role of the Quran and Sunnah in guiding the leadership path has been abandoned by the leaders hence resulting in its crisis. Even though many scholars have provided the discussions of leadership's crisis solutions, most of them are secular in essence due to the roles of revelations that have been continuously ignored and seen as irrelevant in the postmodern era. Therefore, this qualitative study aims to provide solutions to leadership failure through the exploration of the Quran and Sunnah. This study utilises the content analysis method to collect data whereby it combines descriptive and analytical approaches. First, the indicators of leadership incompetence are identified. Next, the solutions to these issues are analysed based on the Quran and Prophetic Sunnah. The result demonstrates that the Quran and Sunnah provide the best solution in solving leadership failure. Moreover, the divine revelations provide guidance to be a good leader for society so that a strong community will be built. The article unfolds five solutions, namely self-assessment before becoming a leader, selection of a strong and highly moral/ virtuous individual as a leader, fair distribution of wealth and opportunities, implementation of a just retribution system, and providing equal rights to different levels of people. Hence, the study is significant in emphasising the roles of revelation that should not be abandoned due to the timeless characteristics of the Quran and Sunnah.


M iniature sensors have undergone rapid development recently as a result of the extensive design and fabrication infrastructure that exists in the semiconductor industry. These devices are known as microelectromechanical systems and can be used not only to gath er information (sensors), but also to process information (microelectronics) and control the local environment (actuators). The Applied Physics Laboratory h as initiated a program in this area and is designing, fabricating, and testing devices for selected applications such as measuring magnetic fields, thermal energy, and biological species.


We analysed the time from the date CD4+ cell counts fell below 200 × 106 L−1, defined as ti, to the onset of clinical AIDS, according to the 1987 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definition, in 129 Japanese Haemophilia patients infected with HIV‐1. The cumulative onset of clinical AIDS was analysed by the Kaplan–Meier method and proportional hazard model. Incorporated covariates were age of each patient at time ti, as well as CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts, serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, GOT and GPT at ti. The time of antiretroviral treatment initiation was also considered. The 50% AIDS‐free interval after ti was 3.00 years (95% confidence interval (CI), range 0.49–5.51) and 1.71 years (95% CI, range 0.66–2.76) for the patients at CDC stage II and stage III, respectively (significantly different, P= 0.0013). Among the patients at CDC stage II at ti, higher levels of IgA were tightly associated with a shorter period from ti to onset of clinical AIDS (P < 0.0001), and relative hazard was 1.35 (95% CI, 1.11–1.64) with increase of IgA level by 1.0 g L−1. Thus there is a broad distribution in the time to onset of clinical AIDS in Japanese Haemophiliacs even after CD4+ cell counts fall below 200 × 106 L−1. This should be taken into consideration in deciding upon the therapy and care of HIV‐1 infected people.


The invention relates to a display device and a method of driving the same. The display device includes: a display panel that displays an image; a gate driver that supplies a gate signal to the display panel; a data driver that supplies a data signal to the display panel; and a power supply unit that generates and outputs a voltage to supply to the gate driver and the data driver, wherein the power supply unit has a dummy switching period in which a switching signal that generates a gate high voltage is maintained for a predetermined time even after an input voltage input from the outside is dropped to Under Voltage Lock Out (UVLO) or less due to power off.


Autism is pervasive in early children who have developmental disorders.The incidence of autism increased year by year in China.Meanwhile, autism rehabilitation work is also received much concerns.At present, China's rehabilitation work is mainly borne by the family, and the rehabilitation role of school and community in autism has been missing.This paper made a short analysis of the role of autism rehabilitation school and community, so that more readers could have a familiar understanding of the rehabilitation, which can enforce the bigger show of the school and community, and to prompt more children conduct a sooner recovery.

Key words:
Autistic disorder; School; Community; Rehabilitation


Blunt cardiac rupture can be caused by an indirect blow to the heart during sports. Clinicians should consider the possibility of cardiac injury regardless of the severity of trauma. Confirming the diagnosis and reaching a decision to operate as soon as possible is the only way to rescue the patient.


While the effects of wind and pressure on coastal waters can generate large storm surges that lead to coastal flooding, storm surge represents only one driver of flooding. In reality, flooding is often driven by the combined action of several geophysical drivers (Couasnon et al., 2020; Zscheischler et al., 2018). Formally compound flooding is defined as the combined action of meteorological forces, tidal forces,, fluvial, and pluvial discharge (Zscheischler et al., 2018). Recent events such as the extreme rainfall associated with the remnants of Hurricane Ida in the Northeast United States have demonstrated the need to model the rainfall-runoff impact (i.e., pluvial flooding) and its downstream impact (i.e., fluvial flooding). In extreme rainfall cases in which large quantities of precipitation fall in short periods, urban environments often flood, and wastewater collection systems often exceed their design limit. In severe scenarios, surcharged sewer systems can significantly exacerbate urban flooding. While several existing flood risk methods consider storm surge in them approach, it remains active research topic concerning how and when rainfall-runoff processes should be incorporated in flooding models to assess site-specific flood risk. Often an approach is pursued that involves loosely coupling multiple numerical models each modeling a particular flood driver; however, this approach can become cumbersome. Instead in this work we pursue a different approach in which compound flooding can be resolved in a single numerical model (herein termed a monolithic approach).


Sex education in China dates back many centuries. In fact, the oldest existing books on sexuality were published in China, in around 200 B.C. 1 Some books explicitly described human sexual response and sexual techniques, some provided information on how to prevent sexual dys-function and others offered information on how to adjust one's level of sexual activity to maintain longevity. 2 Gradually , however, sexual attitudes began to change in the 12th century during the Song Dynasty. 3 The government began to closely control people's sexual lives and to restrict sexual expression; eventually, sexual conservatism became so pervasive that any communication about sexual-ity was considered taboo. 4 This very conservative attitude toward sexuality began to change after the 1949 founding of the People's Republic of China. In the 1950s, the government began to recognize the importance of sex education, and it published several books on sexuality targeted at the general public. 5 Societal change, however, came slowly. Attitudes in the adult population remained conservative, 6 but views and behaviors among youth began changing rapidly. After the government adopted the Reform and Open Policy of 1978, Western values and beliefs about sexuality flooded into China. With changes in social ideology and in the traditional extended family structure, reduced social control and an information boom, youth became increasingly interested in sexual expression and many became involved in high-risk sexual behaviors. 7 In the late 1970s, in response to concerns related to the country's large population and high birthrate, the government established its one-child policy, under which married couples typically were limited to a single child.* 8 Because the policy implicitly required couples to use effective birth control methods, it provided further rationale for supporting comprehensive sex education. Three additional factors supported implementing sex education for Chi-nese youth: a lack of knowledge about sexuality among youth; 9 a documented desire of youth to receive sex education ; 10 and concern that youth were receiving mixed messages about sex, some of which might encourage risky sexual behavior and sex crimes. 11 CONTEXT: College students are more likely than other student populations to be sexually active.To improve sex education in China among this group,educators must know college students'needs and their preferences for receiving information on sexuality. METHODS: In 2002,students at a large Chinese university completed surveys about their history of school-based sex education and their other sources of information on sexuality.The survey also explored students'preferences …


Multimodal medical image fusion (MMIF) plays critical roles in image-guided clinical diagnostics and treatment. Pulse coupled neural network (PCNN) has been applied in image fusion for several years. In the schemes of image fusion based on PCNN, the authors have adjusted variables manually, so that it is difficult to get satisfying effects which limit in dealing with medical images with different modalities. This paper presents a quality-guided adaptive optimization method for MMIF, which is based on PCNN optimized by multi-swarm fruit fly optimization algorithm (MFOA). To reduce the implementation cost and improve the performance of the MFOA, quality assessment for multimodal medical image fusion was chosen to be the hybrid fitness function. Guided by such quality measurement, the adaptive PCNN using the MFOA (PCNN-MFOA) is proposed, which could automatically fit the optimal variables to the source images and enhance the fusion effect. The experimental results visually and quantitatively show that the proposed fusion strategy is more effective than the state-of-the-art methods and it is more effective in processing medical images with different modalities.


The global COVID-19 pandemic continues to permeate virtually every aspect of society and daily life, including government, business, travel, education, and especially the health care system. With more than 120 million cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection worldwide, including nearly 30 million cases in the US, and with more than 2.5 million deaths worldwide, including more than 500 000 deaths in the US,1 health care systems, hospitals, physicians, other health care professionals, and researchers worldwide have been challenged like never before, not only to care for overwhelming numbers of severely ill patients with COVID19, but also to simultaneously develop effective approaches to identify, treat, and prevent this devastating disease. In 2020, JAMA made concerted efforts to rapidly publish informative research studies, in-depth reviews, and scholarly Viewpoints that reported timely, accurate, highquality information to contribute to understanding the dynamic epidemiology and challenging clinical aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and to advance the treatment of patients with COVID-19. From the initial report by Fauci et al,2 titled "Coronavirus Infections—More Than Just the Common Cold," published January 23, 2020, to the sobering report by Woolf et al,3 titled "COVID-19 as the Leading Cause of Death in the United States," published December 17, 2020, and with continued publication of randomized clinical trials and observational studies in 2021, JAMA has published numerous articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic. These included pivotal reports on the epidemiology of COVID-19 in China,4 the outcomes among critically ill and hospitalized patients in the outbreak epicenters in Italy5 and New York,6 and potentially practice-changing studies on the treatment of this complex disease,7,8 among many other important and informative articles. We extend our appreciation to all authors who submitted a total of 21 597 manuscripts to JAMA in 2020, including 11 796 research reports (Table). Approximately 11 000 submitted manuscripts were directly related to the pandemic. Many of these manuscripts were prepared by authors who were involved in emergency care, hospital care, and critical care of patients with COVID-19. Manuscripts were submitted by researchers who presented new data on disease epidemiology, testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection, translational science regarding disease mechanisms, major studies on use of existing and emerging therapeutic approaches, and numerous other reports on diverse topics related to COVID-19. We recognize the tremendous challenges inherent in conducting research and preparing manuscripts during this pandemic and are honored that authors entrust the JAMA editorial staff to evaluate and consider publishing their important work in reporting scientific and clinical advances for COVID-19. We also extend our gratitude to the authors who submitted manuscripts on non–pandemic-related topics in 2020 and are privileged to evaluate manuscripts that continued to address a wide range of topics in clinical medicine, biomedical research, and health policy. For instance, many authors, reflecting national and societal events in 2020, have submitted thoughtful and insightful manuscripts that underscored the importance of recognizing and addressing racial and ethnic disparities in society, health status, health care access, and health outcomes, including related to Table. 2020 Statistics for JAMA