Simulation of the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic environments were carried out in a specially designed 50L dispersion simulation tank by spiking fresh water and saline water with 1ml of crude oil. The required turbulence was achieved using a portable submersible pump. Six samples each were collected at three depths at 15 minutes intervals. Results showed that the concentrations of the PAHs changed with time. PAHs concentrations in fresh water ranged from 1.76ppm-3.31ppm at 5cm, 7.50ppm40.46ppm at 10cm and 17.31 ppm-25.68ppm at 20cm while in the saline water, the PAHs concentrations ranged from 17.25ppm-20.63ppm at 5cm, 13.45ppm-25.02ppm at 10cm and 1.34ppm-3.31ppm at 20cm. The distribution of PAHs concentration with time and space showed that higher levels of PAHs were found at 5cm in saline water and at 20cm in the fresh water for the same time period, indicating that while oil can be held in the upper water column for longer resident time in saline water, the same oil will spread and reach the benthic environment faster in fresh water. With pH and total suspended solids of the two water matrices being almost the same, their influence in the spatial and temporal distribution of PAHs is negligible. TDS and salinity of surface water exposed to crude oil was found to be important factors to be taken into consideration in designing a strategy for PAHs remediation programme.


A CONSERVATIVE Air envelopes the old market woman. Her small oval face, deeply lined with wrinkles, is strikingly set off by the brilliant sparkle of her dark eyes. Her slightly rounded nose protrudes just enough to lend a small particle of curiousity to her determined facial expression. Her sunken cheeks add some noticeable shadows to her rough skin. Three deep wrinkles encircle her neck as an adornment of age. A thin horizontal crevice forms her firm mouth, which only supports her reserved personality. She is sitting quietly; perhaps, she is waiting for a passer-by to purchase the last of her wares before she starts homeward. In her right hand she clutches a closed umbrella, and she holds a heavy wicker basket in the crook of her left arm. Her right arm rests quietly in her lap amid the shallow folds of her soiled apron. Her calloused hands show the result of many years of hard toil. This old woman seems to belong to the past. She has the determination and fortitude of a pioneer. She is alert both mentally and physically. From her personal appearance one can easily discern that she is a person of strong character. She appears to be the product of the colorful past and yet she seems to have found her fitting place in


In the Antarctic winter of 1991 an extensive series of micro- meteorological and snow cover measurements were made as part of the second Stable Boundary Layer Experiment (STABLE II) at Halley Station on the Brunt Ice Shelf, Antarctica, These data have been used to validate the DAISY distributed snow model using parameter values deter mined by calibration using independent data collected at Halley during the International Geophysical Year 1957/1958. These "effective" para meter values are consistent with values determined by other independent field and laboratory experiments on polar snow. Simulation of the STABLE data is successful except during periods of very high stability in the boundary layer. A better simulation of the snow surface tempera ture is obtained by using a roughness length of 5 cm for heat and water vapour transport rather than the value of 0.01 cm used for the aero dynamic roughness length. This suggests that the magnitude of turbulent heat and mass transfer may be larger than hitherto assumed in modelling the response of polar snow to climate change.


ANNERS AND CUSTOMS-the repeated, patterned ways people act-are structures of day-to-day behavior as surely as the houses in which people live are structures of bricks and boards. In fact, the arrangement of the house is a response to manners and customs as well as to the demands of an architect or an engineer. Both kinds of structures are raised according to blueprints for living, traditions that embody precedents and standards for behavior. Such traditions further provide principles and grammars for expressing ideas, attitudes, and values and for acting out identities, beliefs, tensions, bonds, and hopes. Aesthetics are present in traditions: when people react to expressions, they typically evaluate content, form, texture, process, and performance, and, therefore, they shape and reshape traditions. Aesthetics may be implicit or explicit in varying degrees, depending on whether a given tradition is perceived as a set of "informally or unconsciously enacted patterns" or as "formally or consciously invoked codes."' Patterns and codes both involve mind and behavior, but the first set emphasizes underlying regularities of mind that people may not be aware of-such as the predominance of tripartition, the sense of touch, and rectilinear form in the design and perception of our artifactual world.2 In contrast, the second-"codes"-stresses more overt continuities of conduct or customespecially purposeful or explicitly stated rules or plans. But let me caution that implicit patterns and explicit codes are neither mutually exclusive nor even wholly distinct from one another. Rarely concrete and fixed, they tend to be abstract and malleable. A useful case-in-point illustration of the connection of patterns and codes is the relation between the suburban house of today and the manner book, a manual of social behavior that especially flourished between the Civil War and World War II. The now standard features of the so-called suburban house-a basic plan of three rooms off a corridor and an elevation with unadorned facade-may be prescribed by a builder, but they still


Abstract : Thomas Jefferson wanted to arrange an exploration of the American West for many years after the United States won its independence. He was President when the expedition finally began as an Army venture under the command of Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. The year was 1804. In many ways this small expeditionary group resembles a small, modern-day military unit -- a couple of officers, several sergeants, almost two dozen privates, two contractors, and two family members. In 2011 the Army is conducting a yearlong review of the Profession of Arms. We can use the conduct of members of the Lewis and Clark expedition to consider how Soldiers and Civilians in U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command/Army Strategic Forces Command (USASMDC/ARSTRAT) should practice the Profession of Arms today and in years to come. The Lewis and Clark party called themselves the Corps of Discovery. They demonstrated a half-dozen characteristics (among others) that this century's military practitioners should share: (1) Explore the unknown -- push the boundaries; (2) Serve as an emissary; (3) Be a pioneer, a model Soldier, and serve as part of a team; (4) Thirst for knowledge; (5) Innovate and invent; and (6) Maintain a good reputation.


Trekking and military missions generally consist of carrying heavy loads for extreme durations. These factors have been separately shown to be sources of neuromuscular (NM) fatigue and locomotor alterations. However, the question of their combined effects remains unresolved, and addressing this issue required a representative context. Purpose The aim was to investigate the effects of extreme-duration heavy load carriage on NM function and walking characteristics. Methods Ten experienced infantrymen performed a 21-h simulated military mission (SMM) in a middle-mountain environment with equipment weighing ∼27 kg during battles and ∼43 kg during marches. NM function was evaluated for knee extensors (KE) and plantar flexors (PF) pre- and immediately post-SMM using isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) measurement, neural electrical stimulation and surface EMG. The twitch-interpolation method was used to assess central fatigue. Peripheral changes were examined by stimulating the muscle in the relaxed state. The energy cost, mechanical work and spatio-temporal pattern of walking were also evaluated pre−/post-SMM on an instrumented treadmill in three equipment conditions: Sportswear, Battle and March. Results After the SMM, MVC declined by −10.2±3.6% for KE (P<0.01) and −10.7±16.1% for PF (P = 0.06). The origin of fatigue was essentially peripheral for both muscle groups. A trend toward low-frequency fatigue was detected for KE (5.5%, P = 0.08). These moderate NM alterations were concomitant with a large increase in perceived fatigue from pre- (rating of 8.3±2.2) to post-SMM (15.9±2.1, P<0.01). The SMM-related fatigue did not alter walking energetics or mechanics, and the different equipment carried on the treadmill did not interact with this fatigue either. Conclusion this study reports the first data on physiological and biomechanical consequences of extreme-duration heavy load carriage. Unexpectedly, NM function alterations due to the 21-h SMM were moderate and did not alter walking characteristics. Clinical Trial Registration Name: Effect of prolonged military exercises with high load carriage on neuromuscular fatigue and physiological/biomechanical responses. Number: NCT01127191.


Positive energy Weinberg states are defined and numerically calculated in the presence of a general complex Woods-Saxon potential. The numerical procedure is checked for the limit of a square well potential for which the Weinberg states and the corresponding eigenvalues are known. A finite number $M$ of these (auxiliary) positive energy Weinberg states are then used as a set of basis functions in order to provide a separable approximation of rank $M$, ${V}_{M}$, to a potential $V$, and also to the scattering matrix element $S$ which obtains as a result of the presence of $V$,${S}_{M}$. Both ${V}_{M}$ and ${S}_{M}$ are obtained by means of algebraic manipulations which involve the matrix elements of $V$ calculated in terms of the auxiliary positive energy Weinberg states. Next, expressions are derived which enable one to iteratively correct for the error in $V\ensuremath{-}{V}_{M}$. These expressions are a modified version of the quasiparticle method of Weinberg. The convergence of ${S}_{M}$ to $S$, as well as the first order iteration of the error in ${S}_{M}$, is examined as a function of $M$ for a numerical example which uses a complex Woods-Saxon potential for $V$ and assumes zero angular momentum. With $M=5$ and one iteration an error of less than 10% in $S$ is achieved; for $M=8$ the error is less than 1%. The method is expected to be useful for the solution of large systems of coupled equations by matrix techniques or when a part of the potential is nonlocal.


The population feeding rate from the /sup 4/I/sub 11/2/ level to the 1.5 /spl mu/m fluorescence-emitting /sup 4/I/sub 13/2/ level of Er/sup 3+/ ions in tellurite glass hosts is enhanced by codoping with Ce/sup 3+/ under optical pumping at 980 nm.


Nephron sparing surgery is a general term referring to kidney retaining surgery.Now in clinical there are two procedures commonly used:one is nephron sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma(mainly known as partial nephrectomy),the other is minimally invasive surgery(i.e.laparoscopic surgery).Here is to make an appropriate assessment of nephron sparing surgery in terms of indications,feasibility,complications and the feasibility of the laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and further point out that with the laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery developing and maturing,it will become one of the most important directions of surgical treatment for kidney cancer.


..................................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER -ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1 1. INTORODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background of the Study ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................................... 2 1.3. Objective of the Study .......................................................................................................... 4 1.3.1 General objective ............................................................................................................ 4 1.3.2 Specific objectives .......................................................................................................... 4 1.4. Research Questions ............................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Significance of the Study ....................................................................................................... 5 1.6. The scope of the Study .......................................................................................................... 5 1.7. Limitations of the Study ........................................................................................................ 5 1.8. Organization of the Thesis .................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER-TWO ............................................................................................................................. 7 2. REVEIW OF RELATED LITERATURE .............................................................................. 7 2.1. Definition of CommunityBased SWC Conservation ............................................................ 7 2.2. CommunityBased Conservation ....................................................................................... 7 2.3. Soil and Water Conservation Technologies in Africa........................................................... 8


Relationship education programs do little to deliver on their original promise of addressing financial poverty, turning the tide on state divorce rates, or increasing state marriage rates, but participants see their relationships and their children benefiting nonetheless. An underlying reason is because these programs seem to address factors related to parents' risk for social poverty—unclear expectations for their new social roles, techniques for carrying out these roles successfully, and trust in themselves and one another. Social Poverty offers a set of recommendations for social policy and relationship education programs. This includes the idea that policy must be constructed using the lens of social poverty, such as by designing programs to promote dignity and human connection.


When the certified public accountant audits the accounting statement he should pay attention to period after affairs because the period after affairs would not only affect the fair of the audit year accounting statement, but also affect the audit scope, audit duty and audit conclusion.


Banking as an intermediary institution has an essential role in the world of economy. Apart from providing financing to the real sector, banks currently still dominate the Indonesian financial system with an asset share of 77.25%. Based on the existing conditions, Indonesia's banking market is still dominated by several banks, especially in the BUKU 4 bank group. This is to indicate a bank of Indonesia is generally still facing relatively low competition. In addition, the large concentration makes it necessary for banks to divert their main activities by diversifying into non-traditional activities in carrying out their operations. This study aims to analyze how the market competition in Indonesia during the period 2014-2019 and examine the effect of competition and diversification income on stable banks. The panzer rosse model is used to analyze the market structure; for diversification, this research uses calculations with the Herfindahl Hirshman Index while stability uses two risk measures, namely NPL and Z Score, as a proxy for stability. The results show that, in general, the banking industry is under monopolistic competition. Competition has a significant effect on stability banks as measured through NPL risk, and this research supports the competition-fragility paradigm. A meanwhile, diversification income variables have not to effect on stability.DOI: 10.26905/jkdp.v25i3.5887


Introduction PART I: THE PURPOSE OF THE PARK 1. Hunting 2. Economy 3. Landscaping 4. Status PART II: PARKS AND SOCIETY 5. Parks and the Crown 6. Parks and the Aristocracy 7. Parks and the Community Conclusion Bibliography


ANSYS LS-DYNA was applied to simulate the explosion process of rock slope and the tossed velocity of rockfalls under the impact of different rock properties,explosive loads and penetration depth was calculated and analyzed.The results showed that different rock properties would form different tossed velocity of rockfalls,the larger the rock density was,the slower the tossed velocity of rockfalls was.With the increase of explosive load,the tossed velocity of rockfalls in the middle explosion area was not increased obviously,while in near and distant explosion areas,the tossed velocity of rockfalls was increased rather quickly.And with the increase of penetration depth,the tossed velocity of rockfalls was reduced gradually.Meanwhile,because the absorption and transformation of energy was different in damaged areas,the tossed velocity of rockfalls was not in proportion to the distance from the positon where the rockfall formed to the explosion center.


This article explores the problem of politics and religion in Jean-Jacques Rousseau from a philosophical perspective. In order to achieve this goal, this paper firstly shows how Rousseau conceives religion in his major works, and it emphasizes in their ambiguous and controversial character. After that, this paper analyzes the concept of civil religion based on the public role that it was called to play within the political community. Finally, this paper deals with the issue of whether the arguments behind Rousseau's proposal are the design of a civil or political religion; or is it a sort of political manipulation of religion, and in consequence, an element that evidences a link between Rousseau and other modern authors. The text does not purport to resolve the dilemma, but suggest that there are reasons to support either of these two readings of the work of the author.


This article examines the relationship between the environmental, individual, and organizational characteristics of Vietnamese SMEs and their export behavior. More precisely, it looks at the mediating effect of entrepreneurs' actual behavioral controls on the relationship between psychological distance stimuli and the export method chosen by Vietnamese SMEs. Based on a dataset of manufacturing SMEs in Vietnam, we find that entrepreneurs' actual behavioral controls and organizational factors influence the export method chosen by Vietnamese SMEs. We find no evidence that psychological distance (geographical distance and psychological distance stimuli) influences the export method chosen by Vietnamese SMEs. Finally, we find that entrepreneurs' actual behavioral controls do not play any mediating or moderating role in the relationship between psychological distance and Vietnamese SMEs' choice of export method.


In this paper we propose an efficient model-free data-driven algorithm for propagating uncertainty through nonlinear power system dynamics. We characterize the uncertainty in terms of the moments of the probability distribution of the dynamic states. The proposed approach relies on efficiently learning a linear representation of the power system by using the Koopman operator for propagating the moments. We use a randomized singular value decomposition to accelerate the computation of the Koopman operator. The proposed approach is implemented in Julia for propagating initial condition uncertainties for multiple power systems. The results demonstrate that the speedup of the proposed approach compared with conventional approaches increases as the system size increases and reaches an acceleration of 6x for the New England test system with comparable accuracy.


We present the main elements of the exponential fitting technique for building up linear approximation formulae. We cover the two main components of this technique, that is the error analysis and the way in which the coecients of the new formulae can be determined. We present briefly the recently developed error analysis of Coleman and Ixaru, whose main result is that the error of the formulae based on the exponential fitting (ef, for short) is a sum of two Lagrange-like terms, in contrast to the case of the classical formulae where it consists of a single term. For application we consider the case of two quadrature formulae (extended Newton-Cotes and Gauss), which are indistinguishable in the frame of the traditional error analysis, to find out that the Gauss rule is more accurate. As for the determination of the coecients, we show how the ef procedure can be applied for deriving formulae of classical type. We re-obtain wellknown formulae and also derive some new ones. MSC: 65D30, 65D32, 65D20, 65L70


OBJECTIVE
To identify individuals with the respiratory symptoms who receive different medical services in third level hospitals of Bogotá D.C. for early diagnosis of Tuberculosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
An active search for individuals with Tuberculosis respiratory symptoms through promotion and prevention activities was realized utilizing a format for obtaining social, demographic and clinical data. 566 samples of sputum from 354 individuals with respiratory symptoms were investigated in four Bogota hospitals. By means of positive smear and bacillus culture the tuberculosis patients were detected.

RESULTS
The gender distribution was 39 % male and 61 % female, with an average age of 57,4 years. 48,5 % had respiratory symptoms for more than two months, 53,3 % presented BCG scar, 50 % belonged to socioeconomic level 2 and 72,8 % had an education level equal to or less than basic elementary school. The percentage detected by positive smear was of 3,67 % and by positive smear and/or culture was of 4,2 %. 11 cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 2 cases of non tuberculosis mycobacterium were found. The majority of patients with tuberculosis belonged to the masculine gender, presented coughing symptoms and expectoration greater than two months and 54,5 % had BCG vaccination.

CONCLUSIONS
The active search patients with the respiratory symptoms detected cases of patients with positive smear, a source of contamination among the population, which facilitates the anti-tuberculosis therapy applying the DOTS strategy. The success of tuberculosis control will depend on government policies that follow the OMS recommendations.


This paper is in continuation of, and supplementary to, a previous communication* in which we recorded the first part of an investigation on the effect of light upon Bacteria and other organisms associated with putrefaction and decay. The chief conclusions to which those observations led us were briefly as follow:— (1.) Light is inimical to, and under favourable conditions may wholly prevent, the development of these organisms; its action on Bacteria being more energetic than upon the mycelial (and torulaceous) fungi which are prone to appear in cultivation-fluids.


A new technology (developed in France) is described which is characterized by quick erection of precast arch elements, and the larger spans that are its product. The technology was first used in North America when a 100-ft long segmental arch bridge was installed near Montreal. The system is based on the use of a standard geometrical section, the shape of a flattened ovoid. The article describes the details of the installation in which each individually designed structure is assembled by installing rings longitudinally to arrive at the desired length.


Over the last year, I have been researching the use of artificial light at former industrial sites in the Ruhr region of West Germany. My research project — 'Lighting the Ruhr' — seeks to understand the use and significance of artificial light within Ruhrgebiet industrial heritage and culture. The project is based at the Ruhr Universit€at Bochum and is funded by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. In Germany I am in a relatively dark part of the globe. Sunshine duration measures around 1662 hours per year (compared to 2684 hours per year in Delhi). Yet, the Ruhr is one of the brightest lit areas of Western Europe. The light comes from eleven industrial cities that form a polycentric urban area that is home to a population of around 5.3 million people. The Ruhrgebiet was once the centre of European coal, iron and steel production. From the late 1950s crises in these industries led to their contraction and irreversible regional economic decline. In 1988, the Nordrhein-Westfalen government initiated a ten-year programme to reshape the economic, cultural, ecological and spatial geography of the Ruhr, a process known as 'structural change'. The programme, the Internationale Bauausstellung Emscher Park Project (IBA) was ambitious, taking a landscape approach to an area covering around 800 square kilometres. In total, 117 separate projects were realized, including the revitalization of landscape areas and former industrial sites and the creation of an industrial heritage route. IBA considered the spatial and aesthetic qualities of the urban landscape by day and night, and through a series of competitions commissioned architects and light artists to create new landmarks, including 'lighthouse' projects, that would stimulate cultural engagement at local and tourism levels. In Duisburg a 230-hectare park was created — Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord — on the site of the former Thyssen ironworks. Here, in the evening, a light show designed by the British light artist Jonathan Park, illuminates blast furnaces, bunkers, chimneys and a gasometer (Fig. 1). Elsewhere, light art has been installed on the top of mine heaps. For instance, in the city of Bottrop a 60m high, climbable steel and concrete pyramid— the Tetraeder, designed by German architect Wolfgang Christ — was installed on a mine heap. The structure also contains a lightwork (Fraktal, designed by J€urgen LIT Fischer) (Fig. 2). At night, the pyramid's summit is illuminated with yellow light and seems to float above the city streets. Such sites are accessible at night; I can walk through Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord at 2am if I wish. I therefore carry out fieldwork by day and by night, examining lighting systems by day and light effects at night, observing sightlines between illuminated objects and noting when objects are visible from the region's Autobahns. I also observe public engagements with sites at night, including tourism events. Such night work resonates with industrial shift systems. The 'night-shift' is a common marketing motif in the Ruhr; the popular annual ExtraSchicht event (Night of Industrial Culture) sees venues open till at least 2am. In this note, I set out some thoughts on artificial light and the night. In 2005, the historian A. Roger Ekirch noted that the 'Night time has remained a terra incognita of peripheral concern, the forgotten half of the human experience', and various other


Objective Using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS)to detect the specific protein biomarkers of maternal urine of the fetus with neural tube defect(sNTDs). Methods Of the 35 maternal urine samples obtained,20 were from patients whose fetus were NTDs and 15 were from healthy volunteers undergoing pregnancy routine μltrasonography examination. 10 spina bifida,5 anencephaly and 5 hydrencephaly were included in NTDs. All fasting urine samples about 5ml were obtained early in the morning and then the urine samples were centrifugated. Proteinchip reader PBS Ⅱ C and CM10 chip (Ciphergen Biosystems) were utilized. The optimal detection mass / charge size(m/z)range was between 1000 and 30 000 Da. The data was analyzed by ProteinChip Software (version 3.1.1;Ciphergen Biosystems). Results A total of 39 qualified mass peaks (signal-to-noise ratio5)were detected in NTDs and control group . Compared with the spectra of control group,there were 5 potential biomarkers detected in the spectra of NTDs group. The protein expression was high in 4 of 5(m/z 8 320,8 209,9 099,10 567)and low in the 1 of 5(m/z 3 458). The Biomarker Pattern Software automatically,under given conditions,selected 2 biomarker proteins(m/z 9 096,8 244)to be used to establish a three layer de- cision tree to differentiate NTDs from control. The sensitivity and specificity of decision tree was 80.0% and 93.3%,respectively. Conclusion The screening on specific urine protein biomarkers of NTDs can be performed by SELDI-TOF-MS,and it may be used for the early pregnan- cy diagnosis with NTDs.


The multicomponent decaying dark matter (DM) scenario is investigated to explain the possible excesses in the positron fraction by PAMELA and recently confirmed by AMS-02, and in the total e(+) + e(-) flux observed by Fermi-LAT. By performing the chi(2) fits, we find that two DM components are already enough to give a reasonable fit of both AMS-02 and Fermi-LAT data. The best-fitted results show that the heavier DM component with its mass of 1.5 TeV dominantly decays through the mu channel, while the lighter one of 100 GeV decays mainly through the tau channel. As a by-product, the fine structure around 100 GeV observed by AMS-02 and Fermi-LAT can be naturally explained by the dropping due to the lighter DM component. With the obtained model parameters by the fitting, we calculate the diffuse gamma-ray emission spectrum in this two-component DM scenario, and find that it is consistent with the data measured by Fermi-LAT. We also construct a microscopic particle DM model to naturally realize the two-component DM scenario, and point out an interesting neutrino signal which will possibly be measured in the near future by IceCube.


Patent eustachian tube patients are becoming increasingly rare.I proposed to classify these patients into a lighter grade I to severe grade III, according to their symptoms and examinations findings and used this to decide on an appropriate therapy.Grade I: Fullness of the ear. No finding in the tympanic membrane during Toynbee's maneuver.Therapy·Administer the Chinese medicine KAMIKIHITO. Pour a mixture of jel-foam, glycerin and 0.9% saline solution into the eustachian tube.Grade II: Grade I plus autophonia and tympanic membrane movement during Toynbee's or Valsalva's maneuver.Therapy·In addition to that proposed for Grade I, submembranous injection of dimethyl polysiloxan or aterocollagen into the nasopharyngeal tubal orifice.Grade III: Most severe case.Therapy·In addition to that proposed for Grade II, insertion of KOBAYASHI's eustachian tube pin into the tympanic orifice of the eustachian tube.


Cytomegalovirus infection can complicate both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The virus belongs to the herpes virus family and 40–100%1 of the adult population have been infected. Most infections are subclinical and lead to lifelong latency. However, in immunocompromised individuals such as transplant recipients and AIDS patients, the virus can cause severe disease. A connection has been suspected between cytomegalovirus inclusion disease and ulcerative colitis since 1961.2 The prevalence of cytomegalovirus complicated colitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease has been estimated at 0.53–4%,3–4 but in patients presenting with severe steroid refractive Crohn's disease it is thought to be much higher at 11–36%.5 Clinical pointers to viral complications include persistent severe hypokalaemia, high spiking pyrexia, lymphadenopathy and bone marrow suppression3 but such features are seen also in patients with uncomplicated severe steroid-resistant Crohn's colitis. The recommended means of diagnosis is histological examination of biopsies from the affected mucosa and ulcer beds.3,5–6 Serological tests and virus isolation from blood or faeces do not prove colonic infection. With earlier diagnosis the present patient might have been spared surgery. When cytomegalovirus infection is found to be complicating Crohn's colitis, steroid treatment should be reduced, other immunomodulatory treatments stopped, and ganciclovir 10–15 mg/kg daily in divided doses given for 2–3 weeks.3,6 Such treatment has reduced emergency colectomy rates from 80% to 33% and case fatality from 33% to 5% in patients with severe steroidrefractory inflammatory bowel disease complicated by cytomegalovirus infection. However, about one-fifth of patients so treated need colectomy within three months because the underlying bowel disease has become reactivated or the viral infection has persisted.6


The functions in a substation are increasing. The approach of utilities was to use different boxes per function. With the upcoming of IEC 61850 and increasing processing power, functions are no longer restricted to one box. This new approach of substation automation systems has a great impact on the lifecycle of the system and indirectly on the organisational structure. In the conventional systems each department has its own box. By integrating the functions in one system, the responsibilities of different departments should be clear. Efficient working procedures and smart choices of hardware are proposed to optimize the rollout of new substation automation systems.


Lead iodide (PbI2) clusters were synthesized from the chemical reaction of NaI (or KI) with Pb(NO3)2 in H2O, D2O, CH3OH, and C3H7OH solvents. The observation of absorption features between the 550 and 350 nm region obtained with an integrating sphere strongly suggests PbI2 quantum dot formation in solution. Comparison of spectra of PbI2 clusters in solution with PbI2 clusters formed by impregnation of PbI2 in four different pore-sized porous silica substrates indicates that the PbI2 cluster size in solution is less than 2.5 nm in the lateral dimension. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements of PbI2 solutions deposited on mica and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surfaces indicate that the clusters are single layered. The measured height is 1.0 ± 0.1 nm, which is ∼0.3 nm larger than the layer thickness observed for the bulk materials. The swollen layer thickness can be attributed to the intralayer contraction from the strong lateral interaction among PbI2 molecules, which is supported by ab initio ca...


When the subject of responses to injury or wound healing arises, the discussion usually pertains to reparative processes at the tissue or organ system level. Until recently, relatively little attention has been paid to the healing of wounded cells. Although much is known about the responses of individual cells to injury, and about their repair processes, there has not been a collective synthesis published that integrates the interdisciplinary aspects of the cellular healing responses. This Annals volume represents the first endeavor to bring this subject into focus. Each of the many and various molecular processes involved in cell repair are the subject of active research efforts scattered over numerous biomedical science research fields. When viewed collectively, it becomes clear that cellular wound-healing activities are highly organized and complex. By comparison, the reparative processes involved in tissue wound-healing reflects the outcome of complex coordinated events involving many cells and cell types. Reparative processes at the cell level are also complex and coordinated, involving highly orchestrated series of molecular events designed to detect and repair injured components of the cell. As opposed to healing of tissue injury, which often occurs by replacement of damaged tissue with scar, cellular wound-healing processes are more regenerative and, when successful, the repair is more precise. Cell Injury: Mechanisms and Repair is concerned chiefly with describing the processes of injury and healing at the molecular level. In the spring of 2004, a conference was organized at The University of Chicago to bring together experts on the various aspects of cell injury and repair, to share information and consider each aspect of the healing response in light of all the other processes that are simultaneously occurring in cells while they are healing and responding to injury. The symposium has since evolved into a graduate-level core course in molecular medicine and pathology at The University of Chicago. Like the original symposium, this book is organized in four sections, which progress from basic structure and physical integrity of the mammalian cell to modes of cell injury and cellular responses to ways in which we may be able to utilize our understanding of these types of injury and subsequent responses for therapeutic strategies that limit injury or enhance repair. Part I of this Annals volume focuses on the structural factors which are deterministic of cell integrity and the physicochemical modes of cell injury. It is essentially a materials-science approach to cell injury. The chapters review basic aspects of mammalian cell structure, including not only the biophysical nature and responses


which to adjust ionic balance. of CPA1s can plant performance under salt the diversified roles of the CPA1 family and the various parameters used in evaluating transgenic plants over-expressing CPA1 s make it challenging to assess the complex functions of CPA1s and their physiological mechanisms in salt tolerance. Using meta-analysis, we determined how overexpression of CPA1s has influenced several plant characteristics involved in response and resilience to NaCl stress. We also evaluated experimental variables that favour or reduce CPA1 effects in transgenic plants. Viewed across studies, overexpression of CPA1 s has increased the magnitude of 10 of the 19 plant characteristics examined, by 25% or more. of


The polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated with organic peroxide, such as benzoyl peroxide (BPO), lauroyl peroxide (LPO), and N,N-di(2-hydroxyalkyl)-p-toluid-ine, such as N, N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)-p-toluidine (DHET), N, N-di(2-hydroxypropyl)-p-to-luidine (DHPT), or tertiary aromatic amine such as N, N-dimethyl-p-toluidine (DMT), N, N-dimethyl aniline (DMA) systems has been studied. The polymerization rate Rp, overall activation energy of polymerization Ea, and the rate equation of MMA polymerization in toluene were determined respectively. It was found that the order of Rp as follows: BPO-DHET BPO-DHPT BPO-DMT BPO-DMA BPO, and the values of Ea for BPO-Amine systems were always smaller than that of BPO alone. In the MMA curing reaction using the BPO-Amine initiation systems can decrease the curing time and shorten the time required to reach the peak temperature.From the ESR studies on the free radical intermediates produced from the BPO-Amine-MNP (2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane) systems, it reveals the formation of radicals 1-4 (see Table 5). The UV spectra of PMMA solutions reveal that the DHET and DHPT moieties are present as the end groups of polymer obtained by using BPO-DHET and BPO-DHPT initiation systems.Based on these results, the initiation mechanism for BPO-DHET and BPO-DHPT initiation systems were proposed.


Environmental regulation is an important way to coordinate environmental protection and economic development. In this paper, the coupling model is built to analyze the coupling coordination relationship between the environmental regulation and industrial structure. The results show that from 2002 to 2017, the level of environmental regulation and the rationalization of industrial structure in Heilongjiang Province both show a rising trend, and the coupling coordinated relationship between them has improved to a good level. Finally,some suggestions are put forward in order to improve the coupling and coordination relationship between them.


Growth factor receptors are known to be involved in the process of viral infection. Many viruses not only use growth factor receptors to physically attach to the cell surface and internalize, but also divert receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in order to replicate. Thus, repurposing drugs that have initially been developed to target growth factor receptors and their signaling in cancer may prove to be a fast track to effective therapies against emerging new viral infections, including the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19).


Iran plateau is a vast pressured region along mountain building belt of Alps-Himalayas. North Khorasan province where is studied in this research is located in Kope Dagh seismotectonic province. Kope Dagh seismotectonic province is a mountainous region which final phases of Alps have played a basic role in its presentday formation. This province is an active seismic region with mostly shallow earthquakes with less than 30 kilometers depth. Seismicity of the region indicates high activity in Northen Khorasan and Kope Dagh plate in the area of 56◦ to 59.30◦ E and 36◦ to 38◦ N. Regarding to the high seismicity and importance of Kope Dagh region because of the existence of Mozduran gas reservoir, which after refinement and desulphurization supplies fuel of Shirvan and Bojnourd cities, and due to economic and cultural importance, it is crucial to analyze seismic hazard in this region. It is important to note that however lots of studies have been done in north -east of Iran, but building codes modification needs more precisely seismic hazard analysis. Furthermore, previous studies have been applied free download softwares, which were provided before 2000, but the most important advantage of this study is applying professional industrial software, which has been written in 2009. This applied software can cover previous software weak points very well such as gridding potential sources, attention to the seismogenic zone and applying attenuation relationships directly.In the present study, modified probabilistic method has been applied instead of traditional one. For this purpose at first, a complete seismic catalogue of main earthquakes of the region provided. Then, map of potential sources prepare and compared to the previous studies. Finally, seismic parameters of the region have been determined for seismic hazard analysis.This study states the most PGA will be experienced in a northwest-central trend, which fits very well with Quchan-Robat and Esfarayen-Robatqarebil faults and matches with the expected trend based on tectonic evidences and previous statistical studies. In this research peak ground acceleration (PGA) will be experienced up to 0.07 gal during the expected earthquake with 63% probability of occurrence in 50 years in the area of Robatqarebil. [Arsham Gheirati, Katayoun Behzadafshar and Arash Motasharreie. An applicable modified probabilistic method for seismic hazard assessment in Northen Khorasan province, Iran. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):2406-2412] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 357


The heat transfer characteristics of Al 2 O 3 /ZnO film interface were investigated by using the equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) method. The thermal conductivities of Al 2 O 3 /ZnO film interface at different temperatures and film interface thicknesses were calculated. The results indicated that the thermal conductivity of Al 2 O 3 /ZnO film interface was obviously influenced by the temperature and film interface thickness. With the film interface thicknesses from 3.3 nm to 5.7 nm, the thermal conductivity increased with the increasing of film interface thickness. With the temperatures from 300 K to 600 K, the thermal conductivity decreased with the increasing of temperature.


Multi-sensor fusion, at the most basic level, can be cast into a concise, elegant model. Reality demands, however, that this model be modified and augmented. These modifications often result in software systems that are confusing in function and difficult to debug. This problem can be ameliorated by adopting an object-oriented, data-flow programming style. For real-time applications, this approach simplifies data communications and storage management. The concept of object-oriented, data-flow programming is conveniently embodied in the black-board style of software architecture. Blackboard systems allow diverse programs access to a central data base. When the blackboard is described as an object, it can be distributed over multiple processors for real-time applications. Choosing the appropriate parallel architecture is the subject of ongoing research. A prototype blackboard has been constructed to fuse optical image regions and Doppler radar events. The system maintains tracks of simulated targets in real time. The results of this simulation have been used to direct further research on real-time blackboard systems.


Finding alternative reaction media to replace polluting organic solvents is one aim of green chemistry. The ultimate green solvent, water, is the cheapest, non-toxic and most readily available reaction medium: three properties which make it an environmentally and economically attractive solvent. However, a fundamental problem in performing reactions in water is that many organic substrates are hydrophobic and not soluble in water. Several approaches are possible in solubilizing these compounds in aqueous media, one of which is carrying out reactions in aqueous solutions of surfactants at concentrations above their critical micellar concentration (cmc). Reactions of iodine with cyclohexene, 1-octene and styrene in water or in the presence of cationic surfactants do not give useful amounts of iodohydrins, but reactions in anionic surfactants give good yields. Iodohydrins are important functionalizable compounds and are readily prepared in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or sodium N-dodecanoyl sarcosinate (SANa). The critical conditions for these reactions were optimized with a rigorous statistical approach, the experimental design method. Use of these newly optimized reaction conditions gave high yields in short times for all of the alkenes examined. The use of anionic surfactants in water to form iodohydrins is a valid alternative to methods previously described. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)


The purpose of this paper is to find out how managers, executives and operational workers evaluate the superior-subordinate relationship and what is the work climate and what infuence does the work climate exert on the quality of work in Slovenian tourism organizations. Based on our empiric quantitative research, conducted as a questionnaire-based survey, some characteristics of the sample organizations and respondents were explained using the descriptive method. For comparison, evaluation and interpretation of individual causal relations, we have applied the correlational-explanatory method. We have identified the relevant factors on the level of the relationship where the employee is placed, his identification with the organization, the involvement of their personal goals with the common goal of the organization, their understanding of their assigned tasks, decision-making and implementation thereof, as well as success in achieving goals. A significant contribution to a good work climate comes from the management team, whose professional correctness in resolving conflicts has a bearing on the motivation of employees to engage in responsible and efficient work. Good relations and a proactive attitude among the team members is a pre-requisite for the innovative and creative work of an individual.


Cropley, Kaufman, and Cropley (this issue) provide an account of creativity and antisocial behavior, the Functional Creativity Model (FMC), which has utility in the ongoing fight against creative acts of terrorism. Herein, their model is evaluated through its application to understanding the malevolent creativity behind the antisocial use of deception. In particular, malevolent lies that hoodwink victims or unwitting collaborators are considered as part of the planning of terrorists of dastardly deeds. The FMC is also applied to evaluating the counterterrorist prospects of Time Restricted Integrity Confirmation, an innovate method of lie detection that incorporates many of the antiterrorist recommendations of Cropley et al., especially the element of surprise. Recommendations for expanding the FMC are offered.


Resilience is defined as the human capacity to positively answer to daily life demands, despite the adversities it faces during its development. It is understood as a concept that holds a great potential concerning preventing and promoting health among populations; even though, it is still embraced by uncertainties and controversies. The aim of this paper is to provide a study review, focusing on conversions and diversions of the resilience conceptions from different authors, besides presenting what has been analyzed as risk and protection factors associated to it, pointing out the problems found in the construction of the knowledge about such phenomenon. The reviewed material illustrates that despite the knowledge already produced there is not a consensus about the definition of resilience yet, and its procedure represents a great challenge for researchers along their studies.


COMPOSITION TO STOP HAIR LOSS AND INDUCE and stimulate growth, comprising a compound of formula (I): wherein R1 and R3 are H; R2 and R4 HO alkyl; R5 represents H, an alkyl, an alkenyl, a cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl; X represents H, halogen, alkyl, nitro, benzoyloxy, -NHR6 wherein R6 is H, acyl or alkyl; Z represents sulfur or oxygen, Z REPRESENTS SULFUR ALWAYS when X represents HO R5 represents aryl; Y represents oxygen U OSO 3; And salts physiologically acceptable.


The purpose of this paper is to describe and compare some numerical methods for solving large dimensional linear least squares problems that arise in geodesy and, more specially, from Doppler positioning. The methods that are considered are the direct orthogonal decomposition, and the combination of conjugate gradient type algorithms with projections as well as the exploitation of "Property A". Numerical results are given and the respective advantage of the methods are discussed with respect to such parameters as CPU time, input/output and storage requirements. Extensions of the results to more general problemsare also discussed.


Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) is emerging as a powerful atomic force microscope based platform for mapping dynamic temperature distributions on the nanoscale. To date, however, spatial imaging of temperature changes in electrocaloric (EC) materials using this technique has been very limited. We build on the prior works of Kar-Narayan et al (2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 032903) and Shan et al (2020 Nano Energy 67 104203) to show that SThM can be used to spatially map EC temperature changes on microscopic length scales, here demonstrated in a commercially obtained multilayer ceramic capacitor. In our approach, the EC response is measured at discrete locations with point-to-point separation as small as 125 nm, allowing for reconstruction of spatial maps of heating and cooling, as well as their temporal evolution. This technique offers a means to investigate EC responses at sub-micron length scales, which cannot easily be accessed by the more commonly used infrared thermal imaging approaches.


An algorithm has been developed to invert the solar wind parameters from the hydrogen energetic neutral atom (H-ENA) measured in near-Mars space. Supposing the H-ENA is produced by change exchange collision between protons that originated in the solar wind and neutrals in the exosphere, an H-ENA model is established based on the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of the solar wind interaction with Mars, to study the H-ENA characteristics. It is revealed that the solar wind H-ENAs are high-speed, low-temperature beams, just like the solar wind, while the magnetosheath H-ENAs are slower and hotter, with broader energy distribution. Assuming Maxwellian velocity distribution, the solar wind H-ENA flux is best fitted by a Gaussian function, from which the solar wind velocity, density, and temperature can be retrieved. Further investigation, based on the ENA flux simulated by the H-ENA model, reveals that the accuracy of inversed solar wind parameters is related to the angular and energy resolutions of the ENA detector. Finally, the algorithm is verified using the H-ENA observations from the Tianwen-1 mission. The upstream solar wind velocity when inversed is close to that of the in situ plasma measurement. Our result suggests the solar wind parameters inversed from H-ENA observation could be an important supplement to the dataset supporting studies on the Martian space environment, where long-term continuous monitoring of the upstream SW condition is lacking.


GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Light alkanes (C1-C10) and simple aromatics are derived from desirable crude energy feedstock but present challenging cases for C–H functionalization purposes. This article reviews efforts to mediate C–N bond construction from these abundant sources to generate commodity chemicals of high industrial value. The nitrogen-group donors considered are largely limited to metal-bound or diffusively free nitrenes, nitrenoids, and amides/imides engaged in catalytic or stoichiometric intermolecular reactions. Both synthetic protocols and mechanistic studies are discussed to illustrate the current status of a rapidly developing field that is still in need of significant improvements to effect reactive and selective processes.


is plausible in both cases, but these narratives resist placement into a coherent analytical framework of causality. Far be it from this historian to argue against a careful reconstruction of the complexity of history, which is surely the strongest asset of this book. Yet, once we have abandoned the simplifying structures of the theoretical traditions Lachmann poses against, we must find some other way of sorting out the plethora of historical details competing for our attention. In Lachmann's capable hands this sorting process yields a lively, compelling, and highly nuanced account of Europe's transition to modernity.


The NHS stands to save tens of millions of pounds a year if recommendations for the biggest shake-up of civil litigation costs in England and Wales for a decade are implemented.

The year long review, supported by the Ministry of Justice and carried out by the senior appeal court judge Lord Justice Jackson, calls for an end to the rule that losing defendants must pay "success fees" on top of their normal costs to lawyers who represent winning claimants under "no win, no fee" deals.

Claimants' lawyers regularly claim success fees of double their usual costs in such cases, in some cases up to £900 (€1000; $1500) an hour, …


The DNA mismatch repair(MMR)system,which widely resides in organisms from prokaryotes to eukaryotes,is a conserved biochemical pathway in the evolution.MMR system is composed of a series of specific DNA mismatch repairing enzyme(the product of mismatch repair gene).Cells can keep the fidelity of DNA replication,guarantee genomic integrality and stability,and avoid the mutation of genome due to the existence of this system.The inactivation of MMR system gene may result in the rate of spontaneous mutation increase,which may induce microsatellite instability(MSI),and develop some of tumour.Recently,the study of mismatch re- pair mechanism,the structure and function of the enzyme proteins that composed the MMR system has being paid more and more atten- tion.These researches establish the theoretical foundation for MMR system's relative application study,especially for tumorigenesis.This text discussed focus on the development of researches that study the composition of MMR system,fimctions of the compositive proteins and how they coordinate to generate effect.


Previous reports demonstrated an association between the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) among the Chinese in Singapore, a population with a high incidence of this malignancy. In our study, we assess the association between HLA and NPC in Morocco, a median‐prevalence area for this cancer, where NPC presents the particularity of also affecting young individuals. Using the standard microlympho‐cytotoxicity test, we typed a total of 154 Moroccan NPC patients and 257 unrelated healthy controls for their HLA‐A and B antigens. The results of these analyses show that the frequencies of HLA‐A10, HLA‐B13 and HLA‐B18 were found to be higher in the NPC group than in the control group, whereas HLA‐A9 was associated with a decreased risk. After correction for the number of specificities tested, these differences were statistically significant only for HLA‐B18 (corrected p value [pc] < 0.023, relative risk [RR] = 4.14) and HLA‐A9 (pc < 0.023, RR = 0.45). The comparison of the distribution of the HLA antigens in younger and older cohorts of patients shows that the incidence of HLA‐A10 and HLA‐ B18 was higher in the older group, whereas the frequencies of HLA‐A19 and HLA‐B13 were significantly higher in younger patients compared with controls. The presence of both HLA‐A19 and HLA‐B13 phenotypes correlated with an increased risk of developing NPC among overall patients compared with controls. According to the sex distribution, increased frequency of HLA‐B18 was found in male and female NPC patients compared with controls, whereas the frequency of HLA‐A10 was higher only in male NPC patients compared with controls. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The constitution of a professional career runs through various circumstances and is influenced by factors of the most differentiated. Of all the occurrences of professional development, satisfaction for what is done is certainly the most important condition for unleashing the successes that sustain a profession. In addition, the search for the expansion of knowledge, usually from dedication to studies, from the practice of research and sharing of findings, represents a strategy for professional improvement. Therefore, this experience report describes the teaching trajectory of a newly formed librarian, when he was admitted as a substitute teacher to the Library Science Course at a federal university. It presents the institutional linking context of the substitute teacher and the educational activities that underpinned the disciplines taught by him, namely: Descriptive Representation I and II and Sources of Information. In addition, it reinforces the teaching method adopted in the disciplines, considering the philosophy of "teaching learning" and the practice of research. Finally, he concludes by pointing out the contributions of the experience in the professional development of the teacher and student, given the formation of skills and abilities necessary for the professional exercise in the labor market.


BACKGROUND
Many individuals with eating disorders remain symptomatic after a course of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy; therefore, the development of innovative treatments is essential.

METHOD
To learn more about the current evidence for treating eating disorders with stimulants, we searched for original articles and reviews published up to April 29, 2021 in PubMed and MEDLINE using the following search terms: eating disorders, anorexia, bulimia, binge eating, stimulants, amphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, methylphenidate, and phentermine.

RESULTS
We propose that stimulant medications represent a novel avenue for future research based on the following: (a) the relationship between eating disorders and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); (b) a neurobiological rationale; and (c) the current (but limited) evidence for stimulants as treatments for some eating disorders. Despite the possible benefits of such medications, there are also risks to consider such as medication misuse, adverse cardiovascular events, and reduction of appetite and pathological weight loss. With those risks in mind, we propose several directions for future research including: (a) randomized controlled trials to study stimulant treatment in those with bulimia nervosa (with guidance on strategies to mitigate risk); (b) examining stimulant treatment in conjunction with psychotherapy; (c) investigating the impact of stimulants on "loss of control" eating in youth with ADHD; and (d) exploring relevant neurobiological mechanisms. We also propose specific directions for exploring mediators and moderators in future clinical trials.

DISCUSSION
Although this line of investigation may be viewed as controversial by some in the field, we believe that the topic warrants careful consideration for future research.


In textile industry, Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP's) are used for degrading and removing colour which allows wastewater reuse. In this study, radiolytic degradation and chemical oxidation process (K2S2O3/Fe2+) were investigated for decolourisation of Methyl Violet 6B (MV) dye. The effects of operating parameters such as potassium persulphate (KPS) dosage, ferrous ion (Fe2+) dosage, pH and gamma radiation on decolourisation have been evaluated. About 52% dye removal was observed by chemical oxidation (K2S2O3/Fe2+) in dark condition while 82.5% by synergistic effect of persulphate (PS) and gamma radiations (dose = 0.078 kGy). Greater removal efficiency was noted at low concentrations of KPS, Fe2+ and low gamma dose. G (-dye) was found to decrease with increase in γ- dose.


The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) mandates that the drinking water should be monitored for 226Ra and 228Ra isotopes and establishes the Maximum Contaminant Level of 185 mBq/L (5 pCi·L-1) for the sum. In addition, SDWA regulates the Detection Limit (DL) of 37.0 mBq/L (1 pCi/L) for each isotope. The purpose of this work is to develop a working method for the determination of radium isotopes in drinking water satisfying the regulatory requirements of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency by utilizing our extensive experience in low-background gamma spectrometry at this laboratory. Two versions of the method were studied: destructive and non-destructive. Destructive method used the BaSO4 coprecipitation as well as 133Ba tracer for chemical recovery. We have used three gamma spectrometers: low-background 102% and 134% efficient with top muon guards, as well as an ultralow-background 140% efficient with full muon guard. We obtained a range of DLs from 5.3 to 22.6 mBq/L for 226Ra and from 7.4 to 30.4 mBq/L for 228Ra using the destructive method. For non-destructive method, the DL range was 26.0 to 26.9 mBq/L for 226Ra and 27.6 to 28.6 mBq/L for 228Ra using the 140% detector. To verify the methods, 7 to 10 laboratory control samples were spiked with both 226Ra and 228Ra at two different activities of 37.0 and 185 mBq/L. The results were evaluated by performing a combined location/variance chi-square test at a right-tail significance of 0.01 (99% Confidence Level), as stipulated by EPA. The verification results passed the chi-square tests at both activity levels. The destructive method can be accomplished using low-background gamma spectrometry, whereas non-destructive method requires ultralow-background gamma spectrometry.


In the field of bioinformatics, small to large data sets of genes, proteins, and genomes are analyzed for biological significance. A technology that has been in the forefront of generating large amounts of gene data is the microarray or hybridization technique. It has been instrumental in the success of the human genome project and paved the way for a new era of genetic screening, testing, and diagnostics (Scheena, 2003). The microarray data set can be made of thousands of rows and columns. It often contains missing values, exhibits high-dimensional attributes, and is generally too large for manual management or examination (Tseng & Kao, 2005; Turner, Bailey, Krzanowski, & Hemingway, 2005). Database technology is necessary for the extraction, sorting, and analyzing of microarray data sets. A plethora of techniques from machine learning, pattern recognition, statistics, and databases has been deployed to address the issue of knowledge discovery from large microarray data sets. Techniques commonly employed in this endeavor are data transformation, scatter plots, principle component analysis, expression maps, pathway analysis, workflow management, support vector machines, artificial neural networks, and cluster analysis (Baxevanis & Ouellette, 2005; Rogers, Girolami, Campbell, & Breitling, 2005). These techniques can be categorized into two groups: supervised or unsupervised methods. The supervised methods, such as support vector machines and linear discriminant analysis, require two sets of measurements. The first set represents the expression measurements from the microarray gene chips run on a set of samples, while the second is the data characterizing the samples under investigation. The goal of this method is to train the model for predictive purposes. Supervised methods tend to determine genes that fit a predetermined pattern. For a broad overview of supervised methods, the reader is referred to Scheena (2003). The second category of approaches is the unsupervised method, and it characterizes components of a data set without a prior input or knowledge Chapter LXI C-MICRA: A Tool for Clustering Microarray Data


The objective of this study was to describe clinical features and to assess the risk factors associated with mortality in Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia in a tertiary Japanese paediatric care hospital.


Simple Summary Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted PET/CT imaging is increasingly being used for (re)staging in prostate cancer. Although PSMA suggests specificity to prostate cancer, previous preclinical studies and case reports have shown this protein to be overexpressed by multiple other tumor types. This study aims to investigate the applicability of a PSMA-targeted PET/CT tracer to detect gastrointestinal cancers, including colon, pancreatic and gastric cancer. Abstract Current imaging modalities frequently misjudge disease stage in colorectal, gastric and pancreatic cancer. As treatment decisions are dependent on disease stage, incorrect staging has serious consequences. Previous preclinical research and case reports indicate that prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted PET/CT imaging might provide a solution to some of these challenges. This prospective clinical study aims to assess the feasibility of [18F]DCFPyL PET/CT imaging to target and visualize primary colon, gastric and pancreatic cancer. In this prospective clinical trial, patients with colon, gastric and pancreatic cancer were included and underwent both [18F]DCFPyL and [18F]FDG PET/CT scans prior to surgical resection or (for gastric cancer) neoadjuvant therapy. Semiquantitative analysis of immunohistochemical PSMA staining was performed on the surgical resection specimens, and the results were correlated to imaging parameters. The results of this study demonstrate detection of the primary tumor by [18F]DCFPyL PET/CT in 7 out of 10 patients with colon, gastric and pancreatic cancer, with a mean tumor-to-blood pool ratio (TBR) of 3.3 and mean SUVmax of 3.6. However, due to the high surrounding uptake, visual distinction of these tumors was difficult, and the SUVmax and TBR on [18F]FDG PET/CT were significantly higher than on [18F]DCFPyL PET/CT. In addition, no correlation between PSMA expression in the resection specimen and SUVmax on [18F]DCFPyL PET/CT was found. In conclusion, the detection of several gastrointestinal cancers using [18F]DCFPyL PET/CT is feasible. However, low tumor expression and high uptake physiologically in organs/background hamper the clear distinction of the tumor. As a result, [18F]FDG PET/CT was superior in detecting colon, gastric and pancreatic cancers.


In this paper,a proportional rate constraints algorithm based on single carrier frequency division multiple access system,used for dynamic subcarrier allocation is proposed.The proposed algorithm utilizes appropriate allocation constrains to achieve the channel capacity resources allocation fairness for each user,thereby realizing the design of proportional rate constraints algorithm.On this foundation,a simplified algorithm is also proposed.Experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively improve the system capacity and guarantee the fairness,its simplified algorithm have good distribute performance and low calculation complexity.


Many current neural networks for medical imaging generalise poorly to data unseen during training. Such behaviour can be caused by networks overfitting easy-to-learn, or statistically dominant, features while disregarding other potentially informative features. For example, indistinguishable differences in the sharpness of the images from two different scanners can degrade the performance of the network significantly. All neural networks intended for clinical practice need to be robust to variation in data caused by differences in imaging equipment, sample preparation and patient populations. To address these challenges, we evaluate the utility of spectral decoupling as an implicit bias mitigation method. Spectral decoupling encourages the neural network to learn more features by simply regularising the networks' unnormalised prediction scores with an L2 penalty, thus having no added computational costs. We show that spectral decoupling allows training neural networks on datasets with strong spurious correlations and increases networks' robustness for data distribution shifts. To validate our findings, we train networks with and without spectral decoupling to detect prostate cancer tissue slides and COVID-19 in chest radiographs. Networks trained with spectral decoupling achieve up to 9.5 percent point higher performance on external datasets. Our results show that spectral decoupling helps with generalisation issues associated with neural networks, and can be used to complement or replace computationally expensive explicit bias mitigation methods, such as stain normalization in histological images. We recommend using spectral decoupling as an implicit bias mitigation method in any neural network intended for clinical use.


Objective To evaluate the service quality for staff provided by hospital,understand the feelings of staff,provide suggestions and ultimately improve the quality of medical services. Method According to international definitions on five dimensions of ServQual scale,self- designed questionnaire for staff including 22 items was used. Stratified sampling method was used for investigation among staff member. Data was entered in SPSS20. 0,and analyzed by using descriptive statistics and non- parametric statistical methods. Result The staff were satisfied with tangible experience,and the empathy experience was the worst with general experience on reliability,responsiveness and assurance. The worst experience existed in 40 to 49 age group,clinical frontline workers especially doctors. The official area for staff should be clearly identified. Conclusion Hospital should provide service for staff and should take active measures to improve their perceived service quality.


We solve the dynamic Predecessor Problem with high probability (whp) in constant time, using only $n^{1+\delta}$ bits of memory, for any constant $\delta > 0$. The input keys are random wrt a wider class of the well studied and practically important class of $(f_1, f_2)$-smooth distributions introduced in \cite{and:mat}. It achieves O(1) whp amortized time. Its worst-case time is $O(\sqrt{\frac{\log n}{\log \log n}})$. Also, we prove whp $O(\log \log \log n)$ time using only $n^{1+ \frac{1}{\log \log n}}= n^{1+o(1)}$ bits. Finally, we show whp $O(\log \log n)$ time using O(n) space.


It is my pleasure to be in Prishtina. For, thanks to the Helsinki Committee for Human Rights in Serbia and the United States Institute of Peace I have been given the opportunity to meet Albanian colleagues and to discuss with them the topics that have been crying out for solution for a long time. For me, this opportunity is especially important since I have in mind the possibility of future cooperation. Though hardly perceivable today, our attempts on the road towards membership of the European Union are interlocked. This dialogue is even more significant since our relations are burdened with unresolved problems from the past. To solve them, we must discuss them. I thank the organizers for their strenuous efforts, and I thank all the participants for their goodwill in accepting the organizers' invitation. In my view, our goals are basically the same. We want a better life for our citizens both in Serbia and Kosovo. And to make it possible, we should adopt European, i.e. civilized values enabling the entire region to integrate into an unified Europe. Other options in the past have suffered historical defeats. The effects of those delusions were catastrophic for both peoples. The biggest problem we are faced with is, certainly, the unresolved status of Kosovo. Serbia's position concerning this problem mirrors its attitude towards modernization. We stand for a speeded up resolution that would open up European vistas to our citizens. Conservatives and forces of the former regime are using this unresolved problem to campaign against reformers and modernists, against European values and against civic ideas. Collective consciousness, fostered over six decades and combined with the poverty of the great majority of citizens, enables conservative forces to manipulate national feelings with a view to hindering substantial changes in society and the country's modernization. Solutions to open national questions certainly do not suit them. Although we cannot change the past, we can squarely face up to it. But we can change people's lives for the better, and that is the task we took upon ourselves when we launched into politics. These are initial steps towards shaping a new future. On the one hand, we have to face up to the past and violations of human rights, so as to do justice to all victims. On the other hand, we have to curb poverty, the strongest generator of extremism. While referring to Serbia, I for practical reasons referred to the entire region. The majority of the Albanian elite may learn something from our experience. Serbs used to be the majority nation in ex-Yugoslavia. However, the Belgrade elite's ideological extremism in the late 1980s, and, later on, the national extremism of the 1990s jeopardized all others. Along with others, Serbia itself has


The subject of Ariel Colonomos's book is the future: how it is conceptualized, what information is used to predict it, and how the normative responsibilities of future professionals should be defined. The author first offers a descriptive tour of how the future was predicted in ancient Greek and Roman times up through how it is now predicted by social scientists, think tanks, and credit agencies. Following his descriptive summary and critique of contemporary practices, he then outlines a set of normative principles to guide the responsible practice of predicting the future. By drawing together very different institutions and practices, Colonomos deftly demonstrates the structured contemporary practices of predicting the future of global politics, and he makes a convincing case for treating the future as a subject of interest in its own right and as subject to certain normative constraints. However, for reasons I discuss below, the normative prescriptions he advances are not always convincing. As Colonomos tells it, Greek oracles and Roman fortune-tellers offered messages that played a central role in public life. Interpreted in ways that were salient for the public good, oracles were governed by a central authority according to a strict set of rules concerning who could be recruited to interpret and understand them. Oracles and fortunes shaped the future by influencing the actions of those who sought them. Though it is common to think of oracles and fortune-telling as quaint relics, Colonomos argues that there are strong structural parallels between the practices of ancient times and today. A specific set of rules still governs who counts as an expert in predicting the future; and educational and disciplinary pedigree is especially salient in the contemporary world. Forecasting is to different degrees oriented toward politics, both in the content of what is predicted and in the implicit or explicit audience whose actions will be influenced by predictions. Colonomos discusses the details of how the future is told in three major domains— academia, think tanks, and credit agencies— and emphasizes the limitations of current practices in each. With respect to academia, particularly in the social scientific fields, Colonomos writes that indicators used to measure and evaluate the state of societies (for example, in the field of development) and make predictions are too narrow. Moreover, there is a presumed linearity with respect to past and future and to the constancy of the causes of events across societies. Such presumptions notably contributed to the Sovietologists' inability to predict the fall of the Soviet Union. Finally, disciplinary constraints lead to inertia and stagnation. Colonomos argues that the penalties for thinking outside the disciplinary box are such that academics would rather be wrong, but conventional, than be right in a nonconventional way. Focusing next on think tanks in the United States with an emphasis on those in Washington, D.C., Colonomos argues that they make predictions based on what


ABSTRACT Wildfire, also known as forest fire, is a common natural or man-made disaster that has caused devastation to both man-made structures and natural ecosystems throughout the world. Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS)-based remote sensing (RS) provides valuable support for wildfire management efforts, enhancing both spatial and temporal resolution. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current applications of UAS operations for combating the wildfire worldwide. RS applications of UAS has been explored during the three stages of wildfire, including Pre-fire, Active-fire, and Post-fire, with a particular emphasis on the types of information collected and data processing methods. The pre-fire section assesses fire potentials, the active-fire stage focuses on fire surveillance and propagation, while the post-fire stage focuses on studies assessing wildfire impact using UAS. In addition, the review provides a comprehensive overview of UAS navigation techniques adapted to fire surveillance. The literature review was conducted using three bibliographic databases, including Science Direct, IEEE Explore, and Scopus, and 186 articles relevant to UAS applications in wildfires were manually gathered. This literature review encompasses 119 articles focused on RS, 40 articles related to navigation, and the remaining articles covering reviews, concept proposals, UAS designs, and solutions addressing technical limitations of UASs in the context of wildfire management. This review offers a comprehensive overview of recent UAS operations for future researchers aiming to utilize UAS technologies for efficient wildfire management. The findings highlight the need for further investigation into the onboard computational capacities of Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms, precise fuel load estimation, considering individual vegetation, and field experiments to evaluate and validate navigation algorithms.


Review question / Objective: Which external treatment combined with Acupuncture and moxibustion is the most e ff ective treatment for osteoporosis patients? The aim of this systematic review and Network Meta-Analysis is to compare the e ff ect of acupuncture and acupuncture combined with various external treatments of traditional Chinese medicine, to improve the existing treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion, to scientifically evaluate the e ffi cacy of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of osteoporosis and to provide the basis for clinical selection of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy in the treatment of osteoporosis, based on evidence-based medicine for systematic review and Network Meta-Analysis. Participant : Patients with primary osteoporosis Intervention : Acupuncture and moxibustion combined with various external treatments of TCM Comparison: Acupuncture, Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction, Conventional Western Medicine Outcome: To improving


The accelerating universe and the nature of the dark energy that drives it, remains a fundamental mystery in modern physics. In this article, I summarise the recent observational progress in understanding dark energy. I will present the latest results measuring its equation of state from combinations of Type Ia Supernovae and measurements of large scale structure, and discuss the prospects for future progress over the course of the next decade.


(57) [summary] (modified with) [purpose] leveling leave without, the level is accurate, to provide a leveling device that can sink the bone material. [Configuration] On the vehicle body 1 having a pair of rubber tracks 2, provided rotatable turn machine base 4 by a longitudinal axis, And Fukudo possible arm 6 elevation and the driver's seat 5 on the turn machine base 4 is provided, attach the frame 10 to the distal end of the arm 6, the frame 10 Of the lifting frame 11 in the four corners on the lower side through the respective lifting device 20 The suspended, the level detection device 30 to the four corners of the lift frame 11 is provided respectively, screw-type leveling device section 40 and the vibration finishing device section 50 to move to the other side from the one end side to the lifting frame 11 Formed by providing a door.


e18181Background: Histologic subtyping of lung cancer has significant implications for treatment planning. Accurate diagnosis based on cytology/small biopsy specimens is challenging and frequently ...


This study explores the reciprocal relationship between personality and foreign language classroom learning from sociocultural perspectives. The findings indicate that personality and previous life experience impacted on the participants' responses to the classroom communicative events in complex ways. Self-development occurred depending on the way participants utilized events and social circumstances.


ABSTRACT Florida Power & Light (FPL) is creating posters for its bulk oil storage facilities that graphically illustrate various site characteristics important in preparing and responding to an oil spill event. The posters provide valuable information in a concise visual format that minimizes the necessity to utilize numerous support documents. The posters incorporate oil storage facility area information including environmentally sensitive areas, shoreline types, bathymetry, currents, area infrastructure (roads, pipelines), digital and ortho-photos, and historical wind conditions. In addition, the posters provide oil spill preparedness maps using stochastic results (multi-trajectory runs) from FPL's Spill Impact Model Analysis Package (SIMAP) oil spill model. These consolidated maps show potential oil impact areas and dissolved aromatic concentration plumes over various timeframes from the beginning of the spill. Booming strategy and equipment deployment site maps are additional items. Finally, the poste...


The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of responses to selected fragrance materials in patients who were fragrance sensitive. 218 fragrance sensitive subjects were evaluated in eight centres worldwide with a fragrance mixture (FM) and 17 less well‐studied fragrance materials. Reaction to the fragrance mixture (FM) occurred in 76% of the subjects. The (FM) detected all reactions to nerol and hydroxycitronellol and 93% of the reactions to clove bud oil. Ten fragrance materials were not detected by the FM and deserve further study: benzenepropanol, beta, beta, 3‐trimethyl, hexyl‐salicylate, dl‐citronellol, synthetic ylang ylang oil, benzyl mixture, cyclohexyl‐acetate, eugenyl methyl ether, isoeugenyl methyl ether, 3‐phenyl‐1‐propanol, and 3, 7‐dimethyl‐7‐methoxyoctan‐2‐ol.


In this chapter the theory is developed which describes the sound generated by aerodynamic sources, in particular the theory underlying the vortex sound phenomenon. The source of vortex sound is unsteady vorticity, interacting with an acoustic field. For the description of the vorticity in an otherwise irrotational flow several vortex methods are discussed which can be used to estimate the intensity of the sources.


In this paper, we present a passive-blind scheme for detection of frame duplication forgery in videos. The scheme is a coarse-to-fine approach that is implemented in four stages: candidate segment selection, spatial similarity measurement, frame duplication classification, and post-processing. To screen and select duplicated candidates in the temporal domain, the histogram difference of two adjacent frames in the RGB color space is adopted as a feature. Then, to evaluate the similarity of two images, we use a block-based algorithm to measure the spatial correlation between the candidate segment and the corresponding frame in the query template. Based on the results of spatial and temporal analysis, we construct a classifier to detect duplicated clips. In addition, to deal with the partial detection problem, we develop a post-processing technique that examines and merges two adjacent detected candidates into a complete duplicated video clip. Our experiment results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can not only achieve detection of frame duplication forgery but also accurately detect and localize duplicated clips in different kinds of videos. The results also show that the scheme outperforms an existing method in terms of precision, recall, accuracy, and computation time.


While climate change remains a threat to the health and wellness of people in all corners of the U.S., there is reason to be optimistic, a new report shows.


Objective To observe the effects of Tongxinluo capsule on the plaque in the carotid athero-sclerotic plaque.Methods 80 patients according to the admissive standard were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group,40 cases in each group.The patients in control group were treated by routine therapy,while the patients in treatment group,based on the routine therapy,were treated by Tongxinluo capsule,three times a day,with a treatment course of six months for both groups.After three and six months,color Doppler ultrasound was used to examine the plaque′s number,integral meanwhile blood glucose and the incidence of adverse events were recorded.Results After treated,There were significant differences in plaque′ integral and number between two groups(P0.05).Conclusion Tongxinluo capsule could intervene effectively the development of the plaque in the carotid atherosclerotic plaque,and reduce the incidence of cerebrovascular diseases and cardiovascular diseases.


This paper considers the preview control problem for discrete-time systems. It investigates the problem via game theory and dynamic programming. Different from the existing results, on one hand, the proposed approach is suitable for dealing with the corresponding multiple preview channels problem; on the other hand, the approach provides a possibility in explaining how the preview controller improves the performance and why the performance will be saturated.


Katie Watson describes her article in this special issue as "a call to bioethicists to recognize the ways we may have undervalued the moral status of women in our analytic frameworks, and to deliberately integrate women into every analysis of abortion ethics," (Watson 2022) and Watson raises important questions about the proper role for bioethics as a field, and bioethicists working within it, regarding abortion. Watson makes two central claims with which I broadly agree. Yet each demand further refinement and complicate any straightforward call to action. One is that arguments about the "idea of abortion" sideline attention to abortion experience in ethical debate. The other is that identifying abortion access as a health disparity is a potentially fruitful framework for bioethics scholarship and advocacy related to abortion. The second claim also tacitly implies two additional premises: that abortion is morally permissible, and that advocacy is within the scope of bioethics. I concur that centering abortion experience is crucial to abortion ethics, that abortion is not only morally permissible but access to it is an urgent matter of justice and equity, and that bioethics has an advocacy role. Watson's paper bundling these normative, political, and advocacy objectives into a single bioethical project illustrates the potential for a more expansive bioethics, as well as risks and tradeoffs that come with it. My remarks explore three inter-related challenges Watson's paper presents when working across ethics, activism, and politics: establishing normative premises (and not moving too quickly past their justification), the standing of experience, and balancing potentially conflicting goals and strategies. NORMATIVE GROUNDING


Abstract Many transitional care innovations (TCI) are implemented to improve long-term care services for older persons during the transition between various care settings. Nevertheless, multiple contextual factors (barriers; facilitators) influence the implementation of TCI at different levels such as but not limited to the organizational environment, outer setting, or innovation's characteristics. By conducting a modified Delphi study involving 29 international experts from 10 countries, eleven influencing factors were prioritized and agreed upon (with ≥ 85% consensus level) as the most important for implementing TCI. These top factors were linked mostly to the organizational setting (e.g. resources, financing) or the implementation process (e.g. engaging key stakeholders). Moreover, the feasibility to address the majority of these factors with implementation strategies was rated as difficult. Our work concludes a compilation of major factors to be aware of and aim to tackle when preparing to implement a new TCI in any long-term care setting.


The emergence and alarming increase of multiresistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus emphasizes the need for new and innovative antimicrobial strategies. Polyvalent bacteriophages from the family Myoviridae, sub-family Spounavirinae of genus Twort-like phages that infect S. aureus have potential for use in phage therapy. In this study we characterized genomic sequences of the polyvalent staphylococcal phage 812 and its spontaneous host-range mutants selected on non-susceptible S. aureus strains. The wild type phage was shown to lyse up to 65%, whereas host-range mutants up to 95% of S. aureus strains under study. Genomic DNAs of five phages were sequenced using 454 Genome Sequencer Junior (Roche). Bacteriophage DNA sequences were assembled by software GS De novo Assembler and GS Reference Mapper (Roche). Genome of phage K was chosen as the reference.


The aim of present work was to minimize the cell potential to generate a homogeneous mediator by constant current electrolysis towards air pollutant removal. Initial water content analysis with a 1-butyl-3 methyl imidazolium trifluoromethane sulfonate [BMIM CF3SO3] ionic liquid revealed a minimum cell potential of 6 V at 18 M water. Three types of mediator precursors, Ce(III)(SO4)2, [Co(II)(CN)5] 3, and V(III)(acetylacetonate), were used to generate a reductive mediator by galvanostatic mode using paired electrolysis. The potentiometric titration with H2O2 enabled reuse of the spent ionic liquid after mediator quantification. The electrolytic reduction of V(III)(acetylacetonate) metal complex in 18 M water-containing BMIM CF3SO3 under optimized conditions revealed 65% of V(II)(acetylacetonate) formation. A well-defined change in the reduction efficiency of V(III)(acetylacetonate) from 18 % to 6% upon the addition of 20 mM dichloromethane demonstrated that dichloromethane reduction follows the mediated electrochemical reaction (MER). The developed system allows the use of galvanostatic mode to generate a mediator in an ionic liquid and the removal of VOCs in an effective manner.


This thesis presents the development of a toolbox for the coherent control of ultracold polar molecules. Such systems of molecules promise the creation of long-lived, highly dipolar quantum gases with applications spanning the fields of quantum state controlled chemistry, quantum information, quantum simulation, and precision measurement. However, the addition of vibrational
and rotational degrees of freedom leads to molecular systems being significantly more complex than their widely used atomic counterparts. In this work we demonstrate full control of the quantum state down to the hyperfine level of an optically trapped sample of ultracold bosonic 87Rb133 Cs molecules, and exploit that control to begin an investigation into the collision processes which take place in an ultracold molecular gas.

We create a sample of up to ∼ 4000 optically trapped molecules in their rovibronic and hyperfine ground state. We characterise the molecules by measuring their temperature, binding energy, and molecule-frame electric
dipole moment.

We perform spectroscopy of the first rotationally excited state with hyperfine state resolution using microwaves to determine accurate values of rotational and hyperfine coupling constants. We use coherent π pulses to perform complete transfer population between selected hyperfine levels of the ground, first-excited, and second-excited rotational states.

We investigate the effect of the off-resonant light of our optical dipole trap on the rotational and hyperfine structure of the molecules. Through a combination of high-resolution microwave spectroscopy and parametric heating measurements, we characterise the polarisability of the 87Rb133Cs molecule. We demonstrate that coupling between neighbouring hyperfine states manifests in rich structure with many avoided crossings in any rotational state other than the ground state. This coupling may be tuned by rotating the polarisation of the linearly polarised trapping light.

Finally, we study the lifetime of polar bosonic
87Rb133Cs molecules in our 3D optical dipole trap. We examine the lifetime of the molecules as a function
of dipole trap intensity, magnetic field, and hyperfine and rotational state. Despite the chemical stability of the 87Rb133 Cs molecule, we observe lifetimes of ∼1 s corresponding to 2-body decay rates close to the universal limit.


This talk will serve as a microscopic introduction to the heat kernel approach to index theory. Instead of diving into this deep subject head first, we will seek to understand a more basic result, the Riemann-Roch theorem for Riemann surfaces, using the theory of heat kernels. Our approach will highlight contributions to this subject from physics, particularly the theory of supersymmetry. In order to cover the material in a couple of one hour sessions, the style of the talk will be more "admiring from a distance," but most of the material can be found in [2] which goes into considerably more detail.


The Columbus, Georgia Alcohol Safety Action Project (ASAP) became operational in January 1972 and continued for a three year period. Two additional years of data collection were funded through NHTSA. The ASAP area included Columbus/Muscogee County, Georgia. Richmond County, Georgia was used as a control/comparison area in measuring the extent to which Columbus ASAP achieved its primary objectives: to decrease the number and proportion of DWI crashes. The Project reported that when data from Richmond are compared with data from Muscogee, it is clear that Columbus ASAP attained its first objective by producing a significant decrease in both the number and proportion of DUI crashes during 1972-1974. While DUI crashes significantly increased in Richmond during these two years, Muscogee DUI crashes were significantly reduced. This reduction seems directly attributable to the presence of Columbus ASAP in Muscogee, since the effects of all other confounding forces but one could be ruled out through the use of Richmond as a control area. One intriguing way in which Columbus ASAP generated this decrease may have been through its impact on the general driving public. Significantly fewer multi-vehicle DUI crashes during the 5:00 p.m. to 3:00 a.m. time period in 1972-1974 indicated increased cautiousness on the part of non-intoxicated drivers toward drivers suspected of intoxication. Thus, the general driving public was apparently attentive to Enforcement and PIE Countermeasures aimed more at the target group of intoxicated drivers, at least attentive enough to define this time period as one of peak threat to them from intoxicated drivers and thus a period in which they were more on the lookout for such drivers.


The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between type of major ownership of firm and audit characteristics in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Based on the review of literature, ownership structure is effective on audit quality of firms. Two criteria of ownership structure including major ownership and ownership of the largest shareholder are applied as independent variables. Also, two criteria of audit properties including auditor size and auditor fee are used. The previous studies predict a positive association for ownership concentration and audit quality. The evidences by financial data of the firms listed on TSE during 2004 to 2012 showed that the largest shareholder had positive association with fee and auditor size. The results of study supported this hypothesis that ownership concentration of the largest shareholder had supervisory role in audit quality of firms.


To maintain and improve their health, patients perform many non-paid activities that may be conceptualized as self-care and self-management work. However, within the domain of health care, macroergonomists have almost exclusively focused on analyzing the work and work systems of those employed by the health care system rather than those served by it. This panel will focus on how macroergonomics principles and models originally developed within an institutional context may be adapted for the contexts in which patients are embedded. The discussion will be grounded in specific analyses of patients' work and work systems within domains such as consumer health information technology design, self-care work performance, transitions of care, and patient safety. During each of these presentations, panelists will focus on lessons related to the conceptual, methodological and practice-related challenges of understanding and affecting patients' work and work systems that may be applied by other researchers.