The effect of tempering temperature on crack surface morphology and crack growth rate under stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and fatigue interaction was investigated using 12CrMo stainless steel. The transition behavior of the cracking morphology showed various types depending on the susceptibility of the material to SCC. The interaction between cycle-dependent cracking and time-dependent cracking occurred only when the metallurgical crack path was the same for each cracking mode. The linear accumulation law was found to be appropriate only for this case.


Semantic search across collections described with heterogeneous metadata is an important problem in the Cultural Heritage field. This paper presents an experiment on enhancing the semantic interoperability of two digital iconographic collections: Mandragore, the iconographic database of the Manuscript Department of the French National Library (BnF), and the Medieval Illuminated manuscripts collection of the National Library of the Netherlands (KB). While the content of these two collections is similar, they have been processed differently. The vocabularies used to index their objects are both controlled and hierarchically organized Knowledge Organization Systems (KOS), but they do not have the same semantics and structure.


How does written and spoken feedback influence communicators' effectiveness in a shared task? Groups of two to four participants engaged in a referential communication task. The director described an array of shapes to the rest of the group via streaming video chat. In each group, one to three matchers attempted to arrange cards depicting those shapes into the director's arrangement. In one condition, matchers could speak to each other and the director through the video chat. In the other condition, matchers could only type contributions into a shared text chat. Spoken feedback dyads successfully arranged more cards than written feedback dyads. However, in groups with more than one matcher, feedback modalities were equally effective. Across group sizes and feedback types, when any matcher contributed more to the discourse, all matchers benefited. Spoken and written feedback groups differed in the amount and types of contributions matchers provided. Spoken feedback groups had more total discourse than written groups. Matchers in written groups made more bare requests for clarification, whereas matchers in spoken groups made more contributions of new information. These differences are explained in terms of constraints on grounding across the modalities.


Introduction: Mutant KRAS leads to activation of the MEK/ERK pathway in approximately 20% of multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Stress granules (SGs) are cytosolic non-membranous structures composed of translational mRNAs, ribosomal proteins, and RNA-binding proteins, which form in response to different stress stimuli and chemotherapeutic treatment. We have previously shown that mutant KRAS upregulates SG formation. The molecular mechanisms underlying this process are unclear. The purpose of this study was to elucidate a) the mechanism by which mutant KRAS upregulates SG formation and b) to provide a molecular rationale for the targeting the cascades for SG formation in MM patients.
 Methods. We determined whether mutant KRAS is necessary for SG upregulation. To this purpose a panel of MM cell lines including mutant KRAS (KRASM), mutant NRAS (NRASm) and wildtype KRAS (KRASWT) was used. The gain- and loss-of-function of mutant KRAS was generated to suppress (KRASM/KO) in KRASM or switch on by expression of mutant KRAS G12A (KRASG12A) in KRASWT cells by a lentiviral vector system. SG formation was assessed by measuring the cellular distribution of SG resident proteins by immunofluorescence using anti-G3BP and anti-eIF4G antibodies. The quantitative readout for SG formation was analyzed by ImageJ analyze-particle tool as the SG index. Immunoblotting was used to detect inactivation of eIF2a or activity of MAPK. qPCR analysis was employed to detect the mRNA of COX2. MTT assays were used to detect the effect of SGs on the survival of MM cells alone or in combination with diclofenac sodium (DS), or bortezomib (Bzb).
 Results: We compared the induction of SGs in response to oxidative stress across a panel of MM cells with different Ras mutation status (KRASM, NRASM and KRASWT)to investigate the role mutant KRAS in GS formation. The level of SGs were significantly higher (p<0.01) in six KRASM, compared with four KRASWT cell lines.We assessed SG formation in KRASM, KRASM/KO and KRAS/G12A cells to determine whether mutant KRAS is a causative factor leading to elevated SG levels. SG formation in KRASM/KO cells was significantly attenuated, by approximately 5-fold (p<0.001), compared to KRASM in response to oxidative stress. Conversely, SG levels were 3.5-fold elevated in KRAS/G12A cells (P<0.01), compared to KRASWT cells. Upregulation of SGs by mutant KRAS resulted in a larger average size and number of SGs per cells. Together, these results indicate that mutant KRAS is necessary and sufficient for SG upregulation under oxidative stress condition.
 We investigated whether 15-d-PGJ2-depedent inactivation of elF4A is involved in SG upregulation to determine the mechanism through which mutant KRAS promotes SG formation. To do this, we assessed the effect of 15-d-PGJ2 on SG formation because that elF4A inactivation is controlled by 15-d-PGJ2, which is one of COX2-derived products. Treatment of KRASM cells with 15-d-PGJ2 significantly induced accumulation of SGs compared with untreated cells (40-fold increase vs control cells, p<0.001). To determine whether COX2, which controls the rate of biosynthesis of 15-d-PGJ2, is regulated by mutant KRAS, we first compared COX2 mRNA of KRASM/KO with KRASM and showed that a decrease in COX2 expression in KRASM/KO (2-fould decrease, P< 0.01). Conversely, increased COX2 mRNA was seen in KRAS/G12A, compared with KRASWT cells. Furthermore, treatment of KRASM cells with DS led to a decrease in SG levels and this effect was rescued by the addition of 15-d-PGJ2. These results indicate that increase in prostaglandin levels by upregulating prostaglandin biosynthesis is essential for mutant KRAS-induced up-regulation of SGs. Finally, we determined if inhibition of COX2 activity by DS was able to overcome Bzb resistance in KRASM or in KRASM co-occurring t(14:16)/MAF. A significant decrease of cell viability (P<0.001) was observed when treatment of the cells with Bzb and DS were combined, compared with DS treatment alone. Taken together, these results indicate that inhibition of COX2 activity enhances mutant KRAS MM cell sensitivity to proteasome inhibition.
 Conclusion: Our results suggest that mutant KRAS mutant upregulates SG formation by 15-d-PGJ2 and inhibition of COX2 activity enhances KRAS sensitivity to proteasome inhibition and targeting SG formation might be represent an effective strategy to treatment of KRAS mutant myeloma.

 Davies: Janssen, Celgene: Other: Research Grant, Research Funding; Amgen, Celgene, Janssen, Oncopeptides, Roche, Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Consultant/Advisor. Morgan:Amgen, Roche, Abbvie, Takeda, Celgene, Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Other: research grant, Research Funding. Walker:Celgene: Research Funding. van Rhee:Karyopharm Therapeutics: Consultancy; Kite Pharma: Consultancy; Adicet Bio: Consultancy; EUSA: Consultancy; Castleman Disease Collaborative Network: Consultancy; Sanofi Genzyme: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy.


In this paper, we explored factors that affect the crimp configuration of polytri-methylene terephthalate (PTT)/polyethylene terephthalate (PET) filaments. We selected three PTT/PET filaments that have approximately identical monofilament fineness but different cross-sectional shapes to study how crimp configuration is influenced by the elastic modulus ratio and differential shrinkage between PTT and PET components. The average elastic modulus ratio was obtained from the stress—strain curves and the cross-sectional measurements of the three PTT/PET filaments. The crimp curvature expressions of the three fibers were used to determine that the differential shrinkage of the two components, which was in the range of 6.8—10.01%. It was found that as the elastic modulus ratio (m) increased, the crimp curvature increases rapidly when the m increases from 0 to 0.5, and then approaches to a stable value when m is larger than 0.5. The crimp curvature increased continuously as the differential shrinkage increased. T...


nodosa. The epiphyses (femoral, proximal tibia, and humeral epiphyses) appeared granular in the radiologic studies. In addition, the spine radiographs demonstrated sclerotic signs in the vertebral bodies. The anterioposterior view showed a hyperdense mark in the middle of the dorsal and the first two lumbar vertebral bodies (Figs 1 and 2). At 5 months of age the boy was diagnosed with ichthyosis linearis circumflexa. Pruritus was a constant, distressing symptom, unresponsive to therapy. Later the patient developed bloody diarrhea and a jejunal biopsy specimen revealed villous atrophy. Even with parenteral nutrition the diarrhea persisted and the patient died at the age of 7 months because of a severe cytomegalovirus infection with hepatic insufficiency and seizures. We believe that radiologic data could illustrate skeletal changes as early features of NS and we suggest that radiologic studies be obtained in all infants with ichthysiform erythroderma in order to establish the correct diagnosis at an early age.


Remittances all over the world play significant role in improving the standard of living of the people in general. Broadly it is difficult to analyze all the characteristics of life standards and, usually researcher look at the educational or health indicators, which are the major concerns of every household. In this study, we also explored the effect of international remittances on educational and health indicators for selected South Asian countries. Our findings show that remittances play a vital role in enhancing health attainment for instance, escalating life expectancy, slashing infant mortality and fertility rate. The Two-Stage Least Square (2SLS) technique has been applied. Upshots of our study suggest that flow of remittances is one of the significant sources for economic development. It is viewed that high migration rate effect only health variables but a little improvement has been observed for educational attainment in South Asian region


A complete parametrization of the space ${\text{Rat}}_\rho (n)$ of rational functions of degree n and fixed denominator $p(z)$ in terms of a nonlinear integrable system is established. The space ${\text{Rat}}_p (n)$ can be viewed as the moduli space of certain controllable and observable linear dynamical systems. It is proved that ${\text{Rat}}_p (n)$ is difleomorphic to the moduli (or parameter) space of solutions of a natural generalization of the celebrated finite Toda equation called the cyclic-Toda hierarchy. The original Toda flow is identified with one of the connected components of ${\text{Rat}}_p (n)$, where $p(z)$ is the characteristic polynomial of a Jacobi matrix. To prove the correspondence we use an exponential of cyclic matrix polynomials and its $QR$ factorization which induces isospectral deformations.


This paper presents two methods of changing the incentives that auditors face with the goal of allowing an audit firm to continue to provide both audit an d nonaudit services (NAS). The first method requires audit firm employees (both auditors and N AS providers) to deposit a substantial share of their revenues into an individual escrow accoun t. If any material misstatements are uncovered in the published financial statements of their clien t, they lose their entitlement to the escrow account funds. The second method taxes NAS and re wards the auditor for knowledge acquisition, and for referring these clients to the N AS providers. Both methods are likely to lead to an augmentation of the quality of the services provide d by an audit firm. Further, they tend to lower the need for one-size fits all measures.


Some infrasound sensors have internal sensing capabilities that remove or permit subsequent removal of much of the effect of ground motion on the measured pressure fluctuations. This presentation explores possible enhancements to transient acoustic signal detection and direction-of-arrival estimation when data corresponding to the ground motion and pressure fluctuation signals are analyzed simultaneously using statistical array signal processing techniques. Data from three 4-element infrasound sensor arrays that were deployed to detect explosive events occurring from 10 km to 20 km distant are used as the basis for the study.


Single crystal Permalloy films were grown epitaxially on (001) GaAs substrates by sputtering method. The relationship between crystal orientations for Permalloy and GaAs are (001)NiFe//(001) GaAs, NiFe// GaAs. The crystal structures of Permalloy films are deformed from cubic to tetragonal. The films of positive and negative tetragonal strain have small and large unit cell volume, respectively. The films with small lattice constant in the film plane have large strain distribution. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy for the films of large strain distribution is small, and that for films of negative tetragonal strain is large.


Abstract Though solar radiation is important for glacier mass-balance simulation, solar radiation data are not always available. As a result of analyzing meteorological data measured in the Himalaya and the Tibetan Plateau, a favorable correlation between precipitation and atmospheric transmissivity of solar radiation is found in terms of monthly values. Monthly mean solar radiation is derived from the relationship between atmospheric transmissivity of solar radiation and precipitation with input of monthly precipitation, latitude, skyline and time. The differences between estimated and observed monthly mean solar radiation are <40Wm−2 in most cases. However, the differences at some sites are significantly large. The error in the estimated solar radiation during the monsoon season can be large when the monthly mean precipitation rate is about 5 mm d−1. Though the error in the estimated solar radiation during the non-monsoon season is generally small due to low precipitation in the Himalaya and the Tibetan Plateau during this season, it can exceed 100 W m−2.


Physical education is seen as an essential subject for the development of healthy habits and well-being, in line with Sustainable Development Goal 3. Furthermore, the impact of technology on all aspects of life is now an undeniable reality. The field of education is no exception, and digitalisation has undoubtedly been accelerated by the emergency situation resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper aims to analyse the scientific production related to the field of physical education, technology, and the pandemic from a double perspective. From a search in Scopus, 86 articles were selected for analysis. A bibliometric approach was used to identify the variables of impact, collaboration, production, and dissemination. While the content analysis allowed us to delve deeper into the topics most frequently chosen by researchers, we found that the articles focused both on the circumstances experienced by practising teachers and on the adaptations made in the teaching/learning process with trainee teachers and students at different stages of education. Thus, technology has emerged as a fundamental tool in physical education during the pandemic, making it possible to develop or maintain better health and learning.


Objective In order to comprehend the application situation of the colloidal gold labeled (CGL) kit for detecting plague F1 antibody. Methods Plague F1 antibody was detected by using CGL kit according to the operation guide of the colloidal gold labeled kit, and the result was compared with that of IHA at the same time. Results 335 portions of sera from the domestic plague natural foci and outside the epidemic areas were detected. The results showed 32 portions of suspect bubonic plague patient serum were all positive by CGL and IHA, Conclusions The colloidal gold labeled kit for detecting plague F1 antibody in the diagnosis of plague was simple, rapid, specific and sensitive. It will be applied for the plague surveillance on the spots.


The famous Netherlandish painter Hieronymus Bosch (1450 – 1516) and the contemporary Serbian poet Novica Tadić (1949 – 2011) are related through the most significant characteristics of their works – the presence of the creative imagination which made similar apocalyptic scenes and diabolical characters both on canvas and on paper. Using transmedial theories, we can see the transmission of the painting techniques in shaping of Tadic's descriptive narratives. This painter whose work belongs to the High Renaissance and Mannerism made, with his grotesquely shaped half-human, half-animal and half-demon beings, an arc from "the autumn of the Middle Ages" and the upcoming Renaissance to the Baroque. Five centuries later, his metaphors, inter- preted in many ways, receive an epitome in the poetic images of Tadić's hellish bestiary, contin- uing an intriguing dialogue with religion. Guided by Guy Scarpetta's theoretical assumption of "the return of the Baroque", in this paper we will try to show that those two artists are more associated with the tendency to represent the reality as an illusion, and to create an impression of unreality of the real world, than with the similarity of their images.


OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for the content determination of Gatifloxacin tablets.METHODS:After charge transfer reaction of gatifloxacin and alizarin complexone,the content of Gatifloxacin tablets was determined by Ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry,which was compared with result of present standard HPLC method.RESULTS:The charge transfer reaction between gatifloxacin and alizarin complexone took place in methyl alcohol-water.The apparent molar absorption coefficient of complex at 533 nm was 2.31×10 3 L·mol-1·cm-1,and the composition ratio of charge transfer complex between gatifloxacin and alizarin complexone was 1:1,RSD in reproducibility test was 0.98%(n=6).The linear range of gatifloxacin was 10~90 mg·L-1(r=0.999 6)with an average recovery of 99.9%(RSD=1.02%).Content determination of 2 methods revealed similar results.CONCLUSION:The method is simple,rapid,sensitive and accurate.


State of the art after-develop (ADI) overlay is measured with multi-wavelength micro diffraction-based overlay techniques. A micro diffraction-based overlay target consists of two pairs of gratings, with the same pitch in the top and bottom layer. The gratings in the top layer have a bias offset with respect to the bottom layer in the positive or negative direction. When illuminated, +1st and -1st order light is diffracted. The asymmetry in the intensity of these signals contains the overlay information. In this paper, ADI overlay is measured with a new dark-field target design for ADI overlay. Like a micro diffraction-based overlay target, it consists of pairs of gratings in the top and bottom layer. Instead of a bias offset between top and bottom gratings, different pitches are used resulting in a continuous-bias throughout the grating pair. When illuminated the diffracted light contains moiré fringes, in which the overlay is stored in the phases. This technique has improved accuracy and robustness by design, because it is immune to symmetrical process changes like stack height variations and grating imbalance. Additionally, it shows more stable behavior through wavelength, both in signal strength and overlay. These characteristics make it possible, with a single wavelength, to achieve similar or better performance than micro diffraction-based overlay using a multi-wavelength solution, resulting in higher throughput. This is demonstrated on Samsung's latest memory node where on average an 21% reduction is achieved in the 3sigma of the mis reading correction with a single-wavelength phase-based overlay measurements, compared to multi-wavelength micro diffraction-based overlay measurements.


My Corporis Fabrica: ontology for anatomical modelling Olivier Palombi (INRIA Rhône-Alpes and Medicine Faculty of Grenoble) in collaboration with François Faure, Guillaume Bousquet, Franck Hétroy, Sahar Hassan and Benjamin Gilles (INRIA) Foundational Model of Anatomy (FMA) is an anatomical ontology which can be presented as the most elaborated computer-based knowledge source of anatomy. Nevertheless FMA can not be used to create mechanical models of anatomy. My Corporis Fabrica (myCF) extends FMA to provide everything we need to build patient-specific mechanical model. Ontology modeling principles of FMA has been used in myCF to ensure consistency of the representation. Mechanical parameters (stiffness, density...) and functional informations (stability, motion, mobility...) have been added. The most important contribution of myCF is to link canonical anatomical knowledge to patient-specif data. MyCF adds mechanical parameters to the segmented anatomical entities (medical imaging segmentation) and adds nonvisible anatomical entities (as ligaments or fascia) to the generated models . The demonstration is made on the knee joint. The FOCUS K3D project Michela Spagnuolo (CNR IMATI) Automatic 3D Geometry Reconstruction from Image Data Dagmar Kainmueller, Stefan Zachow, Hans-Christian Hege (Zuse Institute Berlin) In the Medical Planning group at Zuse Institute Berlin, we developed a general framework for accurate, fully automatic segmentation of anatomical objects from tomographic image data. Firstly, a global initialization procedure roughly places a Statistical Shape Model of the respective object in the image data. After initialization, the Statistical Shape Model is adapted to the image data. Finally, a free form adaptation is performed to achieve fine grain segmentations that are not restricted by the shape space of the Statistical Shape Model. Model adaptation is guided by heuristic intensity models. We will demonstrate the performance of our fully automatic segmentation framework for various tissues and imaging modalities, including the liver in contrast enhanced CT, the pelvic bones in conventional CT, and the mandibular bone and nerves in Cone-Beam CT. Particularly, we will present a fully automatic method for accurate fine grain segmentation of bones in joint regions, which is a prerequisite for generating patient specific biomechanical models, e.g. of the human lower limb. Generating Volumetric Meshes for


ABSTRACT The numerical modeling of solid pyrolysis for fire simulations consists of three stages: specifying the reaction scheme and physical models, estimating the kinetic and thermal parameters from experimental data, and then solving the system using a computer. The interpretation of the experimental input parameters must be verified by reproducing the experimental conditions with the same model for which the parameters are being sought. In this work, the performance of three previously proposed reaction schemes of wood pyrolysis in reproducing thermogravimetric experiments of birch wood was evaluated, and the remaining model parameters from small and bench scale calorimetric experiments were determined. The predictive capability was tested by cone calorimeter experiments at different heat fluxes. The results indicate that the first-order single-step reaction scheme can provide equally good predictions for the heat release rate as the more complex schemes. The source of the thermal parameters—direct measurement or inverse modeling—did not have a great influence on the predictive capability.


This invention relates to a system for locating the focal range for extracorporeal shockwave lithotrity. Motion in the patient's body induced by the shockwaves are detected by a comparison of several ultrasonic B-scan-images taken with a time delay. The detected processes of motion are displayed on a video screen by means of color coding.


Maintaining, recognizing and increasing the consumers loyalty is one of one of the greatest challenges of companies that want to maintain and improve their competitive place in market. Therefore, companies spend a lot of money to do marketing researches and find the most applicable approaches to increase consumer's loyalty to their special trademark. The aim of this research thesis is to recognize and prioritize the factors that effect on consumers loyalty to Samsung audiovisual products in Kerman. In this research, the evaluations have been done on two different dimensions: 1.Factors related to demographic characteristics of society and 2.The results of some library and field study on issues such as, commercial and progressive plans, place of that trade name in market, consumers satisfaction of function and services of that trademarks products, wholesalers and retailers, consumers attitude toward products prices, and special features of that trademark. The statistical sample of this study consists of 210 people that are infinite consumers of Samsung products in Kerman and have been selected based on simple random sampling method. Two kinds of questionnaires have been used for data gathering: 1.a questionnaire of factors related to consumers loyalty and 2.a questionnaire of the level of consumers loyalty. The results show that, there is a significant relation between level of consumer's loyalty and factors that effect on consumers loyalty (other than age, education and income). Indeed the results of this research would be a suitable guideline for making applicable marketing plans and distributing them in other parts of country.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the suitability of an assistive device for radiological examination. A Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) with relatively high transmission factor was used to reduce unnecessary radiation exposure for patients and examiners and maintain a stable examination posture and reduce falling of the infant. An average of 10 entrance surface doses (ESDs) were used for the ATOM Phantom T-spine (T6) and the Rando Phantom Thyroid (T), Inguinal Area (I), and Eye Ball (E) for patients and examiners during each infant chest X-ray examination. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were also measured and analyzed via paired sample T-test and Pearson's correlation analysis using SPSS statistics version 21.0 (Chicago, IL, U.S.A.) to quantitatively evaluate changes in image quality before and after using the ancillary device. During infant chest X-ray examination, EST results were as follow: ESDT6 of infants, 233.70 ± 5.74 μGy; ESTs for the examination assistant: ESDT151.40 ± 4.01 μGy; ESDI, 143.20 ± 3.22 μGy; and ESDE, 146.20 ± 3.19 μGy. When the SNR and CNR values of chest X-ray images involving infants were compared using Pearson's correlation analysis, significant (p < 0.001) differences were found between values obtained before and after applying the ancillary device. The radiological examination assist device can stabilize the infant's posture during examination. Thus, it can reduce unnecessary exposure of patients and examination assistants to radiation, ultimately improving the safety of infant X-ray examinations.


Thank you for downloading trespassing an inquiry into the private ownership of land. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen readings like this trespassing an inquiry into the private ownership of land, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer.


(57) Abstract: it is suitable for use in the production of spray or aerosol, and a so made a nozzle configured to fit connecting to the fluid feed, fluid the nozzle arrangement from the fluid feed a fluid inlet through which enters within the fluid and a fluid outlet through which is ejected from the nozzle arrangement, said fluid inlet and said fluid outlet, the fluid during use from the inlet in the nozzle configuration is connected to the fluid flow path through which flows to the outlet, during use is changed the flow characteristics of the fluid in the fluid flow path, a spray or the aerosol by the nozzle arrangement acts to effectively control the size of the fluid splash to be produced, the nozzle configuration comprising a control means provided in said passage.


This article considers the usefulness of the recently proposed 'Teacher Behaviour and Gesture (TBG) framework' for understanding the meaningfulness of teachers' hand gestures from an Enactive Cognition perspective (wherein cognition is fundamentally considered as embodied, embedded, enactive and extended). The framework is based on the main premise that gestures are part of an integral musical communicational process, fully integrated with speech and/or music-making and contextualised within specific teaching behaviours. By considering teachers' teaching behaviours, it is possible to realise teachers' pedagogical intentions. This, in turn, enables deeper understandings on teachers' gestures from the points of view of meaning, function and purpose. Application of the TBG framework across instrumental and vocal music pedagogical contexts (one-to-one, small and large teaching groups) will bring relevant insights on developing practical scaffolding approaches, with direct implications on the quality of teaching and learning, for the benefit of both teachers and students.


The accurate specification of the mass transfer coefficient plays an important role in packed columns precise design. This research is based on the substitution of effective diffusivity for molecular diffusivity in calculation of mass transfer coefficient using an experimental setup which is a regular packed extraction column. A novel correlation is obtained for effective diffusivity as a function of Reynolds number and the height of the packings. Since the effect of height is considered in estimation of the mass transfer coefficient it has less average errors comparing other available theoretical equations and is in great compatibility with experimental values.


Abstract Four different magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by solvothermal method based on different sodium salts. Sodium salts which were used to synthesize the nanoparticles were NaOAc, Na2CO3, a mixture of NaOAc and Na3Cit, and a mixture of NaOAc and Na2C2O4. The structural and optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were examined by XRF, XRD, SEM and FT-IR. The results estimated from XRD pattern and SEM image indicated that the second sample (Na2CO3) had the lowest average particle and crystallite size around 29 nm and 43 nm. It was also shown that the first (NaOAc) and second (Na2CO3) samples had the best FT-IR spectra, similar to the available commercial sample which was provided by Merck. At last, the prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles were applied as sorbents to sorb uranium ions (U(VI)) from radioactive wastewater. The adsorption results showed that the highest U(VI) adsorption was obtained for the second sample in the solution with pH around 10.


Peculiarities of preimplantation and early postimplantation development were studied in embryos with partial deletions and duplications of chromosomes 7, 9, 14 and 17, in the progeny of mice heterozygous for the unequal reciprocal translocations T(7; 14)2Iem, T(16; 17)43H and T(9; 17)138Ca. Deficiencies for any part of autosomes 9 or 14 combined with duplications of the corresponding segments of autosomes 7 or 17 do not affect preimplantation development, though they are lethal soon after implantation. Deficiency for the distal part of chromosome 7 (Df 7F4) induces embryonic death by the early blastocyst stage. Deficiencies for the distal part of chromosome 17 (Dfl7El-E5), as well as for its proximal region (Dfl7AB) carrying all genes of the T-t complex, have no detrimental effects on cleavage, blastulation and implantation, but are lethal after implantation, mostly during early neurulation. Deficiency for the middle part of chromosome 17 (Dfl7CD) is expressed just after a few cleavage divisions, and these embryos all die by the morula stage. It is suggested that the genes of the CD region of chromosome 17 and of the F4 region of chromosome 7 are of major significance for genetic control of early development in the laboratory mouse.


With beam-splitting illumination scheme and uniform scattering light source, the system automatically sorts the workpiece with defects on its surface through image intensity pre-processing, gray scale analysis, image binarization, characteristics extracting and image recognition. The hardware and software consist of optical system, receiving system, control circuit and Visual C++ and assembler language program, etc. The system effectively solves the inspecting difficulties introduced by strongly reflective light, complex surface and random defects, and its inspection accuracy can be as high as 97.3%.


Data provided by the Police of the Republic of Poland reveal that nearly 250,000 persons are affected by domestic violence annually. Between 400 and 500 women die as a result thereof. The Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence of 2011 (Istanbul Convention) is a result of joint efforts undertaken by European States in order to protect women and other victims of domestic violence. The paper elaborates on the impact of the Istanbul Convention on the domestic practice in the Republic of Poland. The aim of this part is to outline the practical importance of the treaty. I present amendments made to the Polish legal system since ratification of the Treaty and discuss the impact of the Istanbul Convention on the Polish legal system, and practice. The paper discusses the findings of the research against the theoretical background, by use of the main assumptions of Integrated Theory by Oona Hathaway.


Banks have higher leverage levels than non-banks. Previous research has shown that in the United States the higher bank leverage is explained by the safeness of the banks' assets. There is no sign of misuse of the government bank safety net, which is commonly mentioned as reason. However, the USA is a market-oriented country, with low bank power and influence. This paper researches if these findings also hold in bank-oriented countries, where bank power is higher and the safety net might be more certain. I find that the leverage that is unexplained by the model is even negative in bank-oriented countries due to the safer bank assets. I thus find no evidence suggesting misuse of the safety net. The capital predicting variables predict leverage levels of above 100%, which would make the bank bankrupt. Banks seem to cap their leverage at levels around 95% to hold a buffer against unforeseen negative shocks, even though the model and Basel regulations would allow higher leverage. These findings are tested with several robustness tests and hold under all these circumstances.


Betel nut is one of the main chewing hobby in the world. The traditional methods of betel nut classification are mostly based on handcrafted features, and the classification stability is poor. To solve this problem and reduce labor costs for manual extraction of image features, this paper applies convolutional neural network to betel nut, and adopts parameter transfer strategy to realize transfer learning. The dataset of betel nut was constructed by shooting different types of betel nut with betel nut grading equipment. Aiming at the problem of insufficient samples, some parameters of AlexNet are transferred and fixed, new fully connected layers are build. Make full use of betel dataset to train and test the network. The experimental results indicate the proposed method is effective and low labor cost.


In this paper, we investigated the inhibitory effect of water extract of persimmon leaves and its main contents (kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin) on stimulus-induced superoxide generation in human neutrophils. When the cells were pre-incubated with the water extract of persimmon leaves, the superoxide generation induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) was significantly suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, it also showed a weak inhibitory effect on arachidonic acid (AA) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced superoxide generation. Three main flavonoid compounds (kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin) were isolated from water extract; the investigation showed that these three compounds significantly suppressed the superoxide generation induced by fMLP in a concentration-dependent manner. On the other hand, they weakly enhanced the AA-induced superoxide generation in low concentration but suppressed in high concentration. Moreover, they showed weakly inhibitory effect on PMA-induced superoxide generation even at a high concentration. These results indicate the potential value of health protection of persimmon leaf tea.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Persimmon is widely distributed over the world. Persimmon leaves, as an abundant natural resource, has attracted a lot of attention for its exploitation. The persimmon leaf tea is accepted in Asia as health food with anti-oxidantion, anti-aging and immune-enhancement activities. Current work was focused on the superoxide generation inhibitory effect of main flavonoid constituents in persimmon leaf. The results show that the water extract and three flavonoid compounds (kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin) of persimmon leaves suppressed the stimulus-induced superoxide generation in human neutrophils, from which, a protective effect for oxidative stress is expectable from the persimmon leaf tea. This conclusion support the rationality of persimmon leaf tea as health food and may be of help in the research and development of persimmon leaf.


The present study has been done with aim to conceptualization of workplace curriculum as a neglected or emerging discourse. The research method that used in this study was a one of the qualitative method as a descriptive Phenomenology study. Workplace curriculum is a phenomenon that dependent on context, content and organizational maturity. Workplace curriculum includes a set of topics that must was an interpretation and descripted in terms of different contexts. Because in the process of discourse production some of the discourses was a banned or suppressed and others are accepted. Difference in context, arena and certain discourses, would shaped, transformation and even metamorphosis in workplace curriculum discourses. What is evident in this process, is the existing of workplace curriculum as a neglected discourse that beyond any discourse, existing


Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of primary Non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma of breast(PNHLB).Methods 18 patients diagnosed as PNHLB were reviewed.11 patients presented with stage I disease(61.1%)and 7 with stage Ⅱ disease(38.9%).One patient was unclassified Non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma(5.6%) and another seventeen(94.4.1%) had B cell type.Fifteen patients(83.3%) received surgery first,of which,three patients received radiotherapy,seven received chemotherapy and five received combined radiochemotherapy after surgery.Another three patients received combined radiochemotherapy alone.Results The median follow-up for the whole group was 89 months.Six patients(33.3%) had local relapse or distant metastasis.The overall survival rates were 87.5% at 3 years and 71.5% at 5 years.The disease free survival rates were 75.6% at 3 years and 68.1% at 5 years.Conclusion Combined radiochemotherapy is the optimal treatment for PLB.Anthracycline based regimen is recommended.


The kinetics of the reconstitution reaction of apotyrosinase with copper (II) ions are reported. The reaction is pseudo first order with respect to apoenzyme and the values of these pseudo first order rate constants are reported as a function of copper (II) concentration. Two copper ions bind to apoenzyme, and if the second one is rate limiting, the kinetically relevant copper concentration is the copper originally added minus the amount used in binding the first copper ion to enzyme. This modified copper concentration is linearly related to the magnitude of the pseudo first order rate constant, up to a copper concentration of 1.25 × 10−4 M (10-fold excess), giving a second order rate constant of 7.67 × 102 ± 0.93 × 102 M−1∙s−1.Key words: apotyrosinase, copper, tyrosinase.


This study aimed to identify the degree of embedding the values of faith, morality and social in Islamic education books for the preparatory stage (vocational) in the Republic of Iraq, the study used the descriptive analytical method, using a questionnaire prepared by the researcher specifically for the purposes of the study, The sample of the study consisted of (40) teachers of Islamic education courses who are teaching that  stage in the Republic of Iraq. the study data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program. The study obtained several results: The mean scores of embedding the values of faith in Islamic education books for the preparatory stage  (is very large) (3.812), and the degree of the inclusion of moral values in the textbooks of Islamic education for the preparatory stage (very large) with a mean scores (4.415), and the degree of inclusion of social values in the textbooks of Islamic education for the preparatory stage is very large with a mean scores (4.072), and the study proved the existence of Statistical significancs between  the opinions of specialists about the degree of the inclusion of educational values in the books of Islamic education for the preparatory stage (vocational) in Iraq which are attributed to the variable of gender (male / female) and in favor of females with a mean scores (4.6200). The study recommended the need to develop accurate scientific standards to include educational values in the curricula of Islamic education for educational stages in general and the preparatory stage in particular, This study suggested to conduct studies on the role of educational values in improving the souls of students at the preparatory stage


Knowledge, data, algorithms and computing power are the foundations of artificial intelligence (AI), for which knowledge is the most powerful support. An effective way to acquire knowledge, called Relation Extraction (RE), is beneficial to knowledge graph completion, path inference, logical rule reasoning, and many other AI tasks. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review on deep neural networks (DNNs) based RE covering some main research topics about: 1) general framework, 2) supervised and distant supervised RE, 3) future research directions. General framework provides a full-view summarization on traditional methods, main component and basic conceptions of DNN-based RE. For supervised and distant supervised RE, this part summarizes DNN-based RE methods into a new taxonomies on these topics. In the end, to facilitate future research on RE, we also discuss some obstacles.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the aspects of verbal interactions of teacher?small group students by categorizing those interactions which affect students' thinking thus to improve teacher's interaction. First, verbal interactions of teacher-small group students were divided into two categories ?Behaviors related to problem-solving, and Others. Behaviors related to problem-solving were also classified into two elements?Receiving opinion based on the students' thinking process, and Giving help based on the teacher's thinking process. Receiving opinion consists of agreement, question, correction, objection while giving help consists of information, hint, question, summary, and ask & answer. Most of teacher-small group students' interactions were in the form of teacher's questions and students' answers, and teacher's questions tended to require simple answers rather than answers from deep thought. In addition, there was a tendency that the teacher focused more on her own thinking process than students' and that she interacted with only a couple of students who gave correct answers. As a result, even after teacher's scaffolding, many students were often unable to understand the particular contents. However, through the interactions, the teacher made students to have confidence by restating their opinions and agreeing or praising them. She also created an atmosphere where students can give their opinions freely. From the observation of interactions, we can find that students' thinking process is affected by the characteristics of teacher's interactions such as expression of agreement and encouragement, hint giving rise to thought, interactions based on the students' thinking process, permission of students' activities and questions, allowing time for students' thought, and correction of wrong opinions. At this point, educational implications of teacher-small group students' interactions were drawn.


Aim:  To identify the optimal sensor application method that gave the quickest display of accurate heart rate (HR) data using the Nellcor OxiMax N‐600x pulse oximeter (PO).


The recent state of electrical system comprises the conventional generating units along with the sources of renewable energy. The suggested article recommends a method for the solution of single and multi-objective optimal power flow, incorporating wind energy with traditional coal-based generating stations. In this article, the two thermal power plants are replaced with the wind power plants. The techno-economic analysis are done with this state of electrical system. In proposed work, Weibull probability distribution functions is used for calculating wind power output. A non-dominated sorting based multi-objective moth flame optimization technique is used for the optimization issue. The fuzzy decision-making approach is applied for extracting the best compromise solution. The results are authenticated though modified IEEE-30 bus test system, which is combined with wind and thermal generating plants.


The shape selection of stir head is processed to Friction Stir Welding (FSW), and the mathematical model and constraints for the optimization of stir head is established. The multi-target optimization algorithm of stir head dimension based on genetic algorithm is presented. The example of optimization is also processed, and the reasonable dimension parameters of stir head are obtained.


Silicon-based circuits in the sub-mmWave regime (>300GHz to 1THz) have become a reality and an increasingly popular topic for research. Are existing circuits ready for building practical systems? Are there compelling applications worth pursuing? This forum will address these questions; lead researchers in the area will review the current state-of-the art, discern the applications where silicon can make an impact, and outline the remaining challenges to tackle different usage scenarios.


This paper reports a glucose biosensor consisted of a series p+n organic field-effect transistors (OFET) and a parallel p+n OFET to enable wide dynamic range of glucose measurements. The gate of a p-type OFET in series with the source of an n-type OFET makes up the series p+n OFET to enable cascaded two-stage amplification of weak detection signals, therefore, achieving glucose measurements from micromole to millimole. The parallel p+n OFET is constructed through the gate of a p-type OFET in parallel with the gate of an n-type OFET to proportionally compress the non-measurable high concentration signals to the measurable range, therefore, achieving glucose measurements from millimole to mole. Finally, the synergistically working of the series p+n OFET and the parallel p+n OFET makes the glucose biosensor a wide dynamic range of glucose measurements from micromole to mole.


Access to 1,3-functionalized azetidines through diversity-oriented approach is highly sought-after for finding new applications in drug-discovery. To this goal, strain-release-driven functionalization of azabicyclo[1.1.0]-butane (ABB) has generated significant appeal. Through appropriate N-activation, C3-substituted ABBs are shown to render tandem N/C3-fucntionalization/rearrangement, furnishing azetidines; although, modalities of such N-activation vis-à-vis N-functionalization remain limited to a selected set of electrophiles. Current work showcases a versatile cation-driven activation strategy of ABB. This process is capitalized on the use of Csp3-precursors amenable to form reactive (aza)oxyallyl cation in situ. Herein, N-activation that translates into forming a congested C-N bond, stipulates effective C3 activation. The concept can be further extended to formal [3+2]-annulation involving azaoxyallyl cation and ABB, leading to bridged bicyclic-azetidines. Besides fundamental appeals to this new activation paradigm, operational simplicity and remarkable diversity should engender its prompt use in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.


musculoskeletal ultrasound service were analysed within a threemonth time period in 2016 and 2017. 147 referrals were made within a three-month time period from 3 June 2016 to 2 September 2016. 112 referrals were made between 7 April 2017 and 6 July 2017. Two Consultant Rheumatologists carried out and reported the ultrasound scans. Scans were carried out using a GE Logiq E machine. Synovitis was defined as grey scale synovial hypertrophy or tenosynovitis, with or without hyperaemia. Data was collected from both paper and electronic patient records. Results: The most frequent indication for scanning was screening for synovitis which was the same as in 2016. There were 4.0% of patients referred for US guided injections in 2017 compared to 2.1% in 2016. The discharge rate for the rheumatology US service was 10.1% in 2017 compared to 5.0% in 2016. The non-attendance rate was 2.0% in 2017 compared to 3.6% in 2016. 8.5% were anti-CCP positive in 2016 compared to 5.1% in 2017. 17.2% were rheumatoid factor positive which is similar to 17.0% in 2016. 6.1% were dually seropositive in 2017 versus 6.4% in 2016. On reviewing the reports 96.0% used the words synovial hypertrophy versus 91.5% in 2016, the equivalent figures for erosions were 91.9% (82.3% in 2016) and 95.0% for hyperaemia or power Doppler (91.5% in 2016). As a result of the scan, a therapeutic intervention was made for 34.3% in 2017 versus 25.5% in 2016. Conclusion: The patients had a similar serological profile in 2016 and 2017. The indications for scanning were consistent from year to year. The quality of reports improved from 2016 to 2017. The introduction of a new referral and booking system had a positive impact on discharge and non-attendance rates respectively. Disclosures: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


When a millimeter wave radar is mounted on a vehicle, it is often installed behind a resin cover, such as an emblem, grill, or bumper. We analyzed the influence of the resin cover on the antenna gain, and clearly showed the mechanism for the degradation of the gain. It was found that a small spacing between the antenna and the cover can improve the antenna gain.


In this article we present the research project In situ-action: Resonance, Improvisation, and Variations of Public Space (Vetenskapsrådet, Swedish Research Council 20112014) best known under its operational title Playing the Space, and the results of the conference Re(s)on-Art, the final phase of this research itinerary. With the invitation to 'play' the space, artists, architects, researchers and students have acted out, in playful collective interventions, complex urban situations, and in various interpretations of play transformed public space into a common playground.


CDPD is currently regarded as the best wireless data communications. This paper introduces in detail its principle, network structure, characteristics and protocol model, also discusses its applications and development.


Background: Relaparotomy after cesarean section is associated with significant maternal morbidity and mortality which can be prevented with proper precaution during the primary surgery. The objective of the study was to determine factors associated with relaparotomy after cesarean section.
Methods: A hospital based descriptive cross sectional study conducted by analyzing the records of 3 years from 1st July 2017 to 30th June 2020, among the women who underwent relaparotomy after cesarean section at Paropakar Maternity and Women's Hospital, Kathmandu.
Results: There were 21,270 cesarean sections among 64,475 deliveries with the mean incidence of 32.6%. A total of 22 patients underwent relaparotomy out of  which 18 had their primary surgery performed at our hospital i.e. 0.08% of the total caesarean section, and 4 cases were referred from peripheries. 60% of primary surgery were done by residents and the commonest indications of primary surgery were previous CS (36.3%) and obstructed labor (27.2%). Primary PPH was the major indication for laparotomy (31.8%) with mean interval from primary surgery of 4.7 hours followed by burst abdomen (22.7%) and secondary PPH (18.1%). Hysterectomy was the commonest operative intervention done during relaparotomy accounting for 45.4% followed by tension suture for burst abdomen (18%). There were 2 maternal death among them which were due to aspiration pneumonia following eclapmsia and DIC.
Conclusion: Relaparotomy has increased risk of adverse maternal outcome but still is a lifesaving intervention. Early recognition, timely intervention and multidisciplinary teamwork helps to decrease the complications associated with it.


Tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA) imprinted polymers were prepared with a sol-gel process on the surface of silica nanospheres.The synthesis of the molecularly imprinted polymers(MIPs) was optimized.Transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to ascertain the MIPs.The adsorption properties of the MIPs were also investigated.The TBBPA-MIPs were uniformly dispersed and the imprinted thickness was ca 30 nm.Compared to the non-imprinted polymers(NIPs),the MIPs had larger adsorption,faster binding and higher selectivity for the TBBPA in toluene.The maximum adsorption capacity of the MIPs for the TBBPA was 183 μmol·g-1,which was ca.3.2 times as the NIPs'(57 μmol·g-1).The MIPs could reach adsorption equilibrium in 20 min,which showed fast binding for the TBBPA.By comparison,it was found that the MIPs could selectively adsorb TBBPA from the mixture of the TBBPA and three structural analogues.In addition,the MIPs were applied to purify the TBBPA contaminated water with a desirable result.The prepared TBBPA-MIPs had superior properties and could be potentially used to clear the TBBPA in environmental water.


This study provides an in-depth and detailed comparison between the CFR and the proposed Consumer Rights Directive. Furthermore, it identifies those provisions of the CFR which could be used when amending the Proposal for a Consumer Rights Directive in the framework of the legislative procedure. In this regard, it suggests some amendments based on the CFR. A correlation table between the provisions of the CFR and the provisions of the proposed Consumer Rights Directive is provided in the annex of the study.


Stable water isotopes are effective hydrological tracers due to fractionation processes throughout the water cycle, and thus, the stable isotopes from ice cores can serve as valuable proxies for past changes in the climate and local environment of polar regions. Proper interpretation of these isotopes requires to understand the influence of each potential fractionating process, such as initial evaporation over the ocean and precipitation events, but also the effects of post-depositional exchange between snow and moisture in the atmosphere. Thanks to new developments in infrared spectroscopy, it is now possible to continuously monitor the isotopic composition of atmospheric water vapor in coordination with discrete snow sampling. This allows us to readily document the isotopic and mass exchanges between snow and vapor as well as the stability of the atmospheric boundary layer, as has recently been shown on the East Antarctic Plateau at Kohnen (Ritter et al., TC, 2016) and Dome C (Casado et al., ACP, 2016) stations where substantial diurnal isotopic variations have been recorded.

In this study, we present the first vapor monitoring of an East Antarctic transect that covered more than 3600 km over a period of 3 months from November 2019 to February 2020 as part of the EAIIST mission. The isotopic record therefore describes the evolution from typical coastal values to highly depleted values deep inside the continent on the high-altitude plateau. In parallel, we also monitored the vapor isotopic composition at two stations: the coastal starting point of Dumont D’Urville (DDU) and the plateau halfway point of Dome C. Two automatic weather stations (at Paleo and Megadunes sites) were also installed in a previously unexplored region of the East Antarctic plateau that was covered by this transect. This suite of cross-calibrated vapor isotope observations and weather stations, coupled with Modele Atmospherique Régional (MAR) climate modeling, offers a unique opportunity to compare the spatial and temporal gradients of humidity, temperature, and water vapor isotopic composition in East Antarctica during the summer season, and to estimate how the water vapour isotope measurements at Dome C and DDU are representative of the conditions in East Antarctica. The quantitative agreement between the EAIIST record and those recorded at DDU and Dome C stations at the times the raid was nearby, gives confidence in the quality of the results acquired on this traverse. Although further comparisons with the surface snow isotopic composition are required to quantify the impact of the snow-atmosphere exchanges on the local surface mass balance, these initial results of vapor isotopic composition show the potential of using water stables isotopes to evaluate hydrological processes in East Antarctica and better reconstruct past climate changes through ice cores.


The present invention is an aqueous dispersion and / or the hygiene and / or preserve the microbial contamination of the aqueous suspension and / or reduction and / or control method, and said aqueous dispersion and / or suspension Brookfield (Brookfield) on the viscosity of the mineral in the mineral and It relates to a method for providing excellent stability associated. In another aspect, the present invention as well as the resulting aqueous dispersion and / or suspension, the present invention relates to their use in the mineral, paper and paint industries. The invention further relates to the resulting end product.


This article examines the environmental and feasibility study prepared for the Florida DOT to estimate savings in freight costs. The two economic criteria analyzed are: consumer surplus, which measures economic benefits that will accrue to consumers of the product transported over the highway; and, producer's surplus, which measures economic benefits that will accrue to principal users of the highway, including the trucking companies. The article provides a summary of the producer's surplus estimated.


Abstract A few alternative definitions of (molecular) graph energy have recently appeared in the literature, among others the Laplacian energy-like invariant, or Laplacian-like energy, defined by Liu and Liu. It was already shown that the Laplacian-like energy shares a number of properties with the usual graph energy. Here we exhibit further similarities between them by showing that among the n-vertex trees, n ∈ N, the star Sn has minimal Laplacian-like energy and the path Pn has maximal Laplacian-like energy.


Analysis of lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) is of clinical importance as they can serve a potential marker for ovarian and other gynecological cancers and obesity. It is critically important to develop a highly sensitive and specific method for the early detection of gynecological cancers to improve the overall outcome of this disease. We have established a novel quantification method of LPAs in human plasma by negative ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode without the conventional TLC step. Protein-bound lipids, LPAs in plasma were extracted with methanol : chloroform (2:1) containing LPA C 14:0 as an internal standard under acidic condition. Following back extraction with chloroform and water, the centrifuged lower phase was evaporated and reconstituted in methanol. The reconstituted solution was directly injected into electrospray source of MS/MS. For MRM mode, Q1 ions selected were m/z 409, 433, 435, 437 and 457 which corresponds to molecular mass [M-H] - of C16:0, C18:2, C18:1, C18:0 and C20:4 LPA, respectively. Q2 ions selected for MRM were m/z 79, phosphoryl product. Using MS/MS with MRM mode, all the species of LPAs were completely separated from plasma matrix without severe interferences. This method allowed simultaneous detection and quantification of different species of LPAs in a plasma over a linear dynamic range of 0.01-25 μmolL - 1 . The detection limit of the method was 0.3 pmol/mL, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9983 in most LPAs analyzed. When applied to the plasmas of normal and gynecological cancer patients, this new method differentiated two different groups by way of total LPA level.


Access to inexpensive, clean energy is a key factor in a country's ability to grow sustainably The production of electricity using fossil fuels contributes significantly to global warming and is becoming less and less profitable nowadays. This work therefore proposes to study the different possible scenarios for the replacement of light fuel oil (LFO) thermal power plants connected to the electrical network in northern Cameroon by renewable energy plants. Several scenarios such as the combination of solar photovoltaic (PV) with a pumped hydro storage system (PHSS), Wind and PHSS and PV-Wind-PHSS have been studied. The selected scenarios are evaluated based on two factors such as the system's total cost (TC) and the loss of load probability (LOLP). To achieve the results, metaheuristics such the non-dominated sorting whale optimization algorithm (NSWOA) and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) have been applied under MATLAB software. The optimal sizing of the components was done using hourly meteorological data and the hourly power generated by the thermal power plants connected to the electrical grid. Both algorithms provided satisfactory results. However, the total cost in the PV-PHSS, Wind-PHSS, and PV-Wind-PHSS scenarios with NSWOA is, respectively, 1%, 6%, and 0.2% lower than with NSGA-II. According to NSWOA results, the total cost for the PV-Wind-PHSS scenario at LOLP 0% is 4.6% and 17% less than the Wind-PHS and PV-PHSS scenarios, respectively. The profitability study of all three scenarios showed that the project is profitable regardless of the scenario considered.


Low complexity distributed active noise control (ANC) systems are highly demanded for industrial applications. The ANC systems based on centralized multichannel filtered s least mean square (FsLMS) and Chebyshev-functional link artificial neural network (C-FLANN) FsLMS have shown promising results in cancellation of active noise. In distributed ANC scenario, there is a possibility in reducing the complexity by incorporating constraints on secondary paths. In this paper, we present improved distributed C-FLANN FsLMS algorithm for active control of nonlinear noise process. Based upon simulation study, it has been proven that the computational complexity can be significantly reduced by considering the error introduced at the target node due to the neighboring nodes in addition with self error of that node. Without significantly degrading the noise cancellation performance, the improved constrained distributed C-FLANN FsLMS scheme can achieve complexity improvement of 33.86% for multiplications and 22.58% for additions as compared with multichannel FsLMS considering 4 nodes.


Internal mobility ratios in melts of the system (Na-Rb)NO3 have been measured with the Klemm method at various temperatures and compositions. The internal mobilities have been calculated from these and the available data on densities and conductivities. The Chemla effect has been observed. For NaNO3 concentrations > 10 mol %, the internal mobility of the Na+ ions obeys the formula bNa = [A/(V - V0)] exp(- E/RT). where V is the molar volume and V° is slightly temperature dependent. For NaNO3 concentrations < 10 mol %, bNa becomes smaller than expected from the formula. The internal mobility of the Rb+ ions also obeys such a formula at higher temperatures. At lower temperatures it in, like that of the Cs+ ions, a function of the mole fraction and independent of the kind of coions


The emergence and increasing prevalence of bacterial strains that are resistant to available antibiotics require the discovery of new therapeutic approaches.Targeting bacterial virulence is an alternative approach to antimicrobial therapy that offers promising opportunities to inhibit pathogenesis and its consequences without placing immediate life-or-death pressure on the target bacterium.Certain virulence factors have been shown to be potential targets for drug design and therapeutic intervention, whereas new insights are crucial for exploiting others.Targeting virulence represents a new paradigm for the clinicians to prevent and treat infectious diseases more effectively.


This paper presents methodological and strategic results of the first two years of the implementation of the second environmental plan (2002‐2005) at the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) and discusses the benefits and difficulties of new strategies adopted. Particularly, the focus is pointed to the introduction of environmental aspects into technical education, in the framework of an integral university approach that combines simultaneous actions in the areas of education, research, university life and communication in order to develop a consistent and synergetic model. The paper describes and discusses the strategies that have been adopted for accelerating the transformation of the university towards a sustainable university, which include: to create useful tools for decision making, particularly strategic planning indicators; to introduce environmental indicators into university mainstream processes; to assess the transformation potential through an environmental research map; and to work synergistically through "linking initiatives".


Objective:To investigate the expression of β-catenin in several human ovarian cancer cell lines and its effect on cisplatin resistance. Methods:The protein level of β-catenin in two cisplatin-resistant cell lines(C13K,SKOV-3),two cisplatin-sensitive cell lines(OV2008,A2780),A2780,A2780-cis,COC10 and COC1-cis was examined by real-time PCR and western blotting analysis. Expression of β-catenin in ovarian cancer cells was knockdown by si RNA transfection. The effect ofβ-catenin silencing on cisplatin resistance was examined by trypan blue staining and flowcytometry. The change of apoptosisrelated proteins were examined by western blotting analysis. Results:The expression of β-catenin was upregulated in cisplatinresistant cell lines(C13K,SKOV-3)compared with cisplatin-sensitive cell lines. The expression of β-catenin in cisplatin-resistant A2780 and COC1 was also higher than that in paretnal A2780 and COC1 cells. si RNA targeting β-catenin effectively knockdown expression of β-catenin in ovarian cancer cells. Silencing of β-catenin enhanced the sensitivity of cisplatin-resistant cells(C13K,SKOV-3)to cisplatin. β-catenin si RNA also resulted in more apoptosis compared with control si RNA. Cisplatin treatment in β-catenin silencing cells induced the expression of apoptosis-related protein p53 and caspase-3. Conclusions:These finding suggested that β-catenin was upregulated in cisplatin-resistant cells. Gene silencing of β-catenin enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin in cisplatin-resistant cells by inducing more cisplatin-mediated apoptosis.


Owing to know the complexity in reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method optimization; i.e., the selection of optimum combination of input variables for achieving the desired separation, a mathematical relationship between the experimental variables with the responses is to be established by response surface methodology. The paper aims to describe the use of the Box–Behnken experimental design to identify the significant variables effects influencing the separation of metaxalone (MTX) and its two base hydrolytic impurities (DP-1 and DP-2) in a stability indicating RP-HPLC method. Influence variables such as column temperature, buffer pH, and buffer concentration, each at three levels were screened for the desirability of responses like theoretical plates, resolution (MTX-DP-1), capacity factor of MTX, tailing factor at 10% (MTX), and analysis time (R t of DP-2). A statistical program (Design Expert 8.0) was used to calculate and optimize the five responses simultaneously by means of a multiple response optimization algorithm. The optimum conditions are established including the robustness of the method using a Box–Behnken design, as part of the validation exercise. 10 mM phosphate buffer with pH 4.7 at 31°C column temperature was found to be the optimized condition to produce desirable responses. System suitability limits were defined based on the results of the robustness test. The RP-HPLC method was further validated with respect to linearity, range, precision, specificity, accuracy, limit of detection, and limit of quantification, according to the current regulatory requirements. The optimized method gives rapid and efficient separation with complete resolution between the three peaks, and represents an improvement over the existing reported methods.


Aim: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria against selected food pathogens (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). Method: A total of twenty (20) traditionally fermented food samples were purchased from a market in Umuahia metropolis. Isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were conducted using standard microbiological techniques. LAB were identified using standard morphological and biochemical tests. They were tested against food pathogens using the Agar well diffusion method. Results: The isolated lactic acid bacteria include Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus acidiophilus, Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum and were label as SP1, SP2, SP3, and SP4 respectively. The isolated LAB species had a considerable inhibitory effect on food borne pathogens. Cell free supernatant of four species were tested for antagonistic activity at 24hrs and 48hrs incubation time. Cell free supernatant from 48hrs broth of SP1 showed the highest zone of inhibition on Escherichia coli (28mm) while the cell free supernatant from 24hrs broth of SP4 showed the lowest zone of inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus (13 mm). Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity increases with time. LAB demonstrated high antimicrobial properties against food borne pathogens. This potential can be employed as starters in food industry to inhibit food spoilage microbes and contaminants.


PURPOSE: A humidification system and air conditioner with humidification system is provided to allow moisture to be smoothly supplied to the indoor area even when the indoor area is closed, by feeding the indoor area with the moisture taken from the outdoor air. CONSTITUTION: A humidification system comprises an outdoor air circulation unit(131) having an inlet duct(151) and an outlet duct(152) for supplying an outdoor air flow channel; an indoor air circulation unit(132) having a suction grille(121) and an outlet port(123) for supplying an indoor air flow channel; an outdoor air circulation fan(141) mounted within the outdoor air circulation unit and which sucks the outdoor air through the inlet duct and discharges, through the outlet duct, the air sucked into the outdoor air circulation unit; an indoor air circulation fan(142) mounted within the indoor air circulation unit and which sucks the indoor air through the suction grille and discharges, through the outlet port, the air sucked into the indoor air circulation unit; and a moisture absorber(135) disposed throughout the outdoor air circulation unit and the indoor air circulation unit and which absorbs the moisture from the air circulating through the outdoor air circulation unit and supplies the absorbed moisture to the air circulating through the indoor air circulation unit.


Unconventional gas resources tight gas sands, coalbed methane and gas shales have become a mainstay of the U.S. natural gas industry, Figure 1. From an emerging resource a decade ago, and a mostly overlooked resource two decades ago, unconventional gas is now a core business of many large independent producers and a growing number of the majors. The catch phrase "the future is unconventional" appropriately captures the trend for this important domestic hydrocarbon resource.


Two-year-old Picea sitchensis (Queen Charlotte Islands and Oregon provenances), Pseudotsuga menziesii, Larix kaempferi, Larix eurolepis, Pinus sylvestris and Pinus nigra var. maritima were lifted at intervals during two winters and planted within 24 h on a nearby second rotation site. Physiological condition at planting, measured by root growth potential and fine root electrolyte leakage, and outplanting performance were significantly influenced by lifting date. There were consistent differences in the species' response to lifting date. Planting out in September resulted in poor survival. Survival of P. sitchensis lifted in October until April was >90 per cent. Pinus sylvestris and P. nigra had survivals of >90 per cent when lifted in November and January respectively until March. There was no clear pattern in P. menziesii performance. Both L. kaempferi and L. eurolepis had two periods of good survival—October and March—with significantly poorer survival and growth associated with mid-winter planting. The double peak in larch performance was closely related to root growth potential; low mid-winter establishment was associated with root growth potentials of <5 even though the nursery root systems were in excellent condition as assessed by electrolyte leakage.


Unattended Ground Sensor Systems (UGSS) are evolving from large (physical) scale sensing and processing to microelectronic systems capable of processing sensed information and imagery in near-real time on movement of vehicles and personnel. Equipment needed by Special Operations Forces (SOF) includes remote wireless sensor suites comprised of sensor arrays of 'Motes' (magnetic, acoustic, seismic and/or micro-impulse radar), Radio Frequency (RF) relays, remote sensor controllers, with supporting long haul exfiltration, methods to visualize and analyze the information returned, and finally, a command and control capability that allows the sensors to be remotely accessed for turn on and off. This presentation will discuss the technology requirements of UGSS for the Special Operations Community in the areas of special reconnaissance, environmental reconnaissance, coastal patrol, targeting, and threat assessment. Specific emphasis will be placed on power technology, image compression, communications, micro-robotics, sensing devices and technology to include biological and chemical sensors. Self-forming sensor networks, high resolution still and motion cameras, laser systems, and data collection will also be addressed. In addition, this presentation will present a set of scenarios used in experimentation with unattended sensors.


Kipps Hartmut Döhner, Peter Hillmen, Michael J. Keating, Emili Montserrat, Kanti R. Rai and Thomas J. Michael Hallek, Bruce D. Cheson, Daniel Catovsky, Federico Caligaris-Cappio, Guillaume Dighiero, Group 1996 guidelines Working − Lymphocytic Leukemia updating the National Cancer Institute leukemia: a report from the International Workshop on Chronic Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic


Characteristics of charcoals manufactured in each temperature as 400, 600 800, 1,000 and were examined. Sapwood and heartwood of Quercus variabilis that one of major species in charcoal materials were used for this experiment. Charcoal density was decreased highly 38-60% compared with wood density and density of sapwood was slightly decreased but heartwood was not changed with increasing carbonization temperature increase. Weight loss of sapwood and heartwood charcoal increased as carbonization temperature increases, and there is no difference between sapwood and heartwood charcoal. Refining degree of sapwood and heartwood charcoal was zero in charring over . Moisture and ash of sapwood and heartwood charcoal in each carbonization temperature were not differed between sapwood and heartwood. Volatile of sapwood charcoal was slightly higher than that of heartwood, and decreased as carbonization temperature increases. As the carbonization temperature increased, fixed carbon of sapwood and heartwood charcoal increased. Calorific values of charcoal prepared at were 7,200-7,300 cal/g and then decreased slightly as carbonization temperature increased.


In this work, we reassess two known processes of Quantum Electrodynamics involving electrons and muons. The photon propagator is modified by a CPT-even Lorentz-violating (LV) tensor, while fermion lines and the vertex interaction are not altered. Using the Feynman rules, the associated cross sections for unpolarized scatterings are evaluated, revealing the usual energy dependence and Lorentz-violating contributions that induce space anisotropy. A possible route to constraining the LV coefficients is presented and the results properly commented.


The importance of quality costs and benefits is sometimes not recognised by industrial managers. Quality costs money but the benefits which accrue are elusive and hard to quantify. The way in which quality costs have been regarded in the past are reviewed and the old basis challenged. A new basis for recognising and exploiting quality benefits is proposed.


The β-Li2TiO3 crystal is an important material in several energy-related applications, and the control of its morphology and exposed facets is an important issue. Herein, we comprehensively studied the flux growth of β-Li2TiO3 crystals under different conditions and demonstrated the efficient anisotropic growth of {001}-faceted β-Li2TiO3 single crystals from the Na2SO4 flux. By examining the effects of the cation and anion in the alkali metal salt-based flux, we found that Na2SO4 flux is best for growing large, faceted β-Li2TiO3 crystals. In this flux at 1000 °C, the optimal solute concentration is 20 mol % for growing large (∼15.0 μm in lateral size), platy, and faceted β-Li2TiO3 crystals. Observations from varying the holding time and cooling rate indicated that these crystals were anisotropically grown. Transmission electron microscopy images with clear electron diffraction spots revealed that the flux-grown platy β-Li2TiO3 crystals are single crystalline solids with the {001} plane being the dominant ...


During cancer therapy with DNA‐damaging drug‐agents, the development of secondary resistance to apoptosis can be observed. In the search for novel therapeutic approaches that can be used in these cases, we monitored chemotherapy‐induced apoptosis resistance in a syngenic mouse tumor model. For this, syngenic murine colorectal carcinoma cells, which stably expressed a FRET‐based caspase‐3 activity sensor, were introduced into animals to induce peritoneal carcinomatosis or disseminated hepatic metastases. This syngenic system allowed in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo analysis of chemotherapy induced apoptosis induction by optically monitoring the caspase‐3 sensor state in the tumor cells. Tumor tissue analysis of 5‐FU treated mice showed the selection of 5‐FU‐induced apoptosis resistant tumor cells. These and chemo‐naive fluorescent tumor cells could be re‐isolated from treated and untreated mice and propagated in cell culture. Re‐exposure to 5‐FU and second line treatment modalities in this ex‐vivo setting showed that 5‐FU induced apoptosis resistance could be alleviated by imatinib mesylate (Gleevec). We thus show that syngenic mouse systems that stably express a FRET‐based caspase‐3 sensor can be employed to analyse the therapeutic efficiency of apoptosis inducing chemotherapy.


Interface bumps between bridge abutments and embankments increase risk and add over $100 million to maintenance expenses every year. New research reveals effective ways to deal with the bump problem. The bump at the end of the bridge is a common but complex problem that involves a dizzying range of design factors, including soil settlement in embankments, approach fill material, abutment foundation type, abutment type, structure type, joints, approach slab, paving and construction methods. The bump problem affects about 25% of U.S. bridges, or approximately 150,000 structures. The amount of money spent every year on the repair of this problem nationwide is estimated to be at least $100 million. In addition, bump problems can tarnish a transportation agency's public image. Our bridge bump research, sponsored by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration and the Transportation Research Board of th National Research Council, examined the current literature on the problem and included a questionnaire completed by 72 highway engineers from 48 states.


Abstract A study on sulfur circulation in sediments wascarried out in dam reservoirs (Sulejów, Siemianówka, Turawa)with different hydrological and age characteristicsas well as with a different level of sediment accumulationand organic matter content.Differences in the isotopic composition of SO2−4 in the watercolumn and small variations in the concentration ofthis ion were observed in the Turawa reservoir. The investigationsdid not show vertical variation in the watercolumnconcentrations and isotopic composition. This isdue to the small depths of the reservoir and mixing of water.A part of sulfate sulfur from the water column is reducedby incorporating it into cell structures, while a partof it is deposited in the sediment. The study revealed asmall exchange of SO2−4 between thewater column and thesediment. Depending on the season of the year and thesediment sampling site, biogeochemical transformationsof sulfur species are observed.A significant variation in the biogeochemical processeswas found between the Siemianówka and Sulejów reservoirs,both in the concentrations and in the isotopic compositionof particular sulfur species. This primarily resultsfrom the different characteristics of either of these reservoirs(flows, sedimentation, and material discharge to thelake). The main source of sulfur supplied to the sedimentsin the Siemianówka reservoir is organic sulfur contained inorganic matter deposited at the bottom. In the sediment,organic sulfur is bacterially oxidized and fixed as SO2−4 .This is manifested in a substantial enrichment of sulfate in34S. The presence of polysulfides was found in both reservoirs,but a distinct depletion of δ34S(S2−) in the light sulfurisotope was observed in the Siemianówka reservoir. Ina part of the Sulejów reservoir, polysulfides are oxidized toSO2−4 ,probably at the sediment/water interface.


This is an introduction to a film showing the authors current research on cervical mucus. Immunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion used to analyze mucus proteins found a specific protein released only on the day of ovulation. The antigen is specific for the ovarian follicular fluid. The effect of these protein fractions on sperm penetration into cervical mucus in vitro was filmed.


It is very successful for the CCP to handle problems of religious beliefs,since the CCP has put into prac- tice the Marxist religious theories into the Chinese reality,learning more about the history of the Chinese religions, therefore forming a complete set of Marxist religious theories and policies with Chinese characters,suitable to the Chinese context.


To the Editor: We thank Luca Giovannella for his careful examination of our article and subsequent comments. We agree that the absence of cytologic data and the lack of histologic confirmation of the 2 suspected lymph nodes give rise to the question of their true nature or of any sampling errors. This is a crucial issue that we have well stated in the article, as Dr. Giovannella has underlined. In any event, it is well established that, with the current advances in technology, in particular in ultrasound and probe, it is possible to submit to fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) also lesions of 1 mm in diameter, well visualizing the core of the needle inside the lesion. All the FNACs were performed by the same well-trained endocrinologist well visualizing the core of the needle into the lymph nodes, which have a diameter more than suitable for FNAC. Therefore, with the limitations reported earlier, we can reasonably exclude sampling errors. We totally agree that the probability to check thyroglobulin (Tg) concentrations slightly above 1 ng/mL as undetectable is quite higher with IMMULITE than with UniCel 80 Dxi or DYNOtest. Anyway, in our cases Tg changed from undetectable (or "slightly detectable'') to "true'' detectable after thyroglobulin stimulation. This significant increment leads us to speculate that the results are due to the increased thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Further data are obviously needed on the role of FNAC-Tg measurement after rhTSH, as reported in our study.


A mechanical model is built up to comprehensively descript the constraint relation of reinforcement concrete.The force equilibrium and deformation compatibility conditions are introduced to study the effects of internal constraint effect of reinforcing steel bar on shrinkage stress.It also points out some shortcomings of the current contraction stress calculation methods and deduces that the internal constraint effect of reinforcing steel bar linearly increases with reinforcement ratio.


The Department of Housing and Urban Devlopment (HUD) residential solar heating and cooling demonstration program provided funding support for over 600 solar projects. These projects provide the largest single data base of solar heating and cooling experience now available. These data suggest that controls were problematic in many of the active and passive heating and domestic and domestic hot water systems in the program. This paper will assess the active system modes of operation and the control components as to their ability to perform as intended. A large number of systems in the demonstration program experienced control problems during testing, checkout, and operation (there were 238 reported control problems involving 192 systems). Frequently, trouble-shooting site visitors found control problems had disabled the whole system or caused a portion of the system to malfunction. The consequences are not as significant on the more carefully designed systems (i.e., the auxiliary still functions) but, on systems with inappropriately designed solar-auxiliary interfaces, the homeowners often were without adequate heat. The most common control problems involved excessive modes in system and, therefore, control design; errors in sensor set points, location, or installation; and poorly engineered or installed wiring to and from controller panels.


Post-market surveillance is an important study for monitoring the safety of health products after being released to the market. It is a tool for tracing adverse reactions produced by Natural Health Products (NHPs), detecting significant causal relationship between a product and disease and informing others regarding product safety [1]. The history of post-marketing Surveillance had been started in the 1960's, when two significant adverse drug reactions of two medicines were observed in many patients. Firstly, the thalidomide drug, was taken worldwide, it causes a congenital deformity known Phocomelia. Secondly, the Clioquinol drug, it causes optic nerve damage (sub-acute myelo-optic-neuropathy) as adverse effect from the drug [2]. To ensure quality, efficacy, safety and proper use of drugs, post-marketing surveillance established three systems: ADRs (Adverse Drug Reactions), infections collection and reporting system, reexamination system and reevaluation system. ADRs system are programs for collecting and reporting safety information on drugs such as adverse drug reactions include an adverse drug reaction reporting system undertaken by pharmaceutical companies, the drug and medical device safety information reporting system undertaken by medical personnel, and the WHO International Drug Monitoring Program whereby drug safety information is exchanged among various countries [3]. The reexamination system is aimed at reconfirmation of the clinical usefulness of drugs by performing Good Post-Marketing Study Practice (GPSP) or Good Vigilance Practice (GVP) as one aspect of post-marketing surveillance (PMS), through collecting information on the efficacy and safety of the drug during a specified period of time after approval. The reevaluation of drugs is a system whereby the efficacy and safety of a drug, which has already been approved, is reconsidered on the basis of the current status of medical and pharmaceutical sciences. This step was intended to assure the quality of generic drugs by confirming their equivalence to the original products [3]. Collection of information in post-market surveillance is achieved through: passive surveillance, active surveillance, controlled clinical trials and observational studies. Passive Surveillance: Some methods of passive surveillance involve spontaneous reporting or volunteer reporting and mandatory reporting. The most commonly method used for data collection and monitoring of adverse reactions is spontaneous reporting. The early detection of signals of adverse reactions is the main objective of spontaneous reporting [4]. The active surveillance system is "regular periodic collection of case reports, of drug events, from health care providers or facilities" [5]. The main objectives of Post-Marketing In-vitro Comparative Studies of Different Brands of Paracetamol Tablets Available in Misurata Market, Libya Omar Rwaiha, Osama Sarar, Mohamed Jwaili, Malak Alshowaigi, Ayat Mtawa, Salma Alsabri Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misurata University, Libya


A notification terminal, a traffic information providing server and a method thereof by using location information capable of reaching a transferring destination by public transportation are provided to measure the location of the terminal by using A-GPS(Assisted Global Positioning System) coupled with mobile communication network. A terminal(100) transmits information required for transfer and the location of a terminal to a traffic information providing server(S510). A traffic information providing server(200) produces the transfer traffic information by using the location of the terminal and transit information and the information stored in the traffic information database(S520). Information about a transferring station and a bus is transmitted to the terminal.


This study aimed to assess the accuracy of Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) compared with Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR), the gold standard method, in a hearing screening program for children aged 2-5 years old in Hanoi, Vietnam. From 2011 to early 2012, 7191 preschool children were evaluated with OAE. OAE and ABR were the two methods were applied to examine the hearing loss status of the children. Children with OAE (-), meaning as "refer" in the community, were re-assessed using ABR in the sound rooms at the Vietnam National Hospital of Pediatrics, Hanoi, Vietnam. The results showed that the overall accuracy percentage of OAE compared with ABR 93.2%. The OAE method demonstrated highest accuracy of 97.9% in the oldest children of 5 years, lowest accuracy among 3-year children (90.0%), and similar for boys and girls. The study demonstrated that the OAE method is a convenient and precise method for universal hearing loss screening for preschool children in Vietnam, especially in the hard-to-reach and limited resource areas. However, further confirmed method like ABR is still needed to confirm the hearing loss status among those be classified as hearing impairment in the OAE step.

 How to Cite this Article

 Pubmed Style

 Tuyet Xuong Nguyen. Accuracy of Otoacustic Emission in Comparison to Diagnostic Test of Auditory Brainstem Response in Hearing Screening for Children in Vietnam. SRP. 2020; 11(5): 469-471. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.65

 Web Style

 Tuyet Xuong Nguyen. Accuracy of Otoacustic Emission in Comparison to Diagnostic Test of Auditory Brainstem Response in Hearing Screening for Children in Vietnam. http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=111891 [Access: March 29, 2021]. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.65

 AMA (American Medical Association) Style

 Tuyet Xuong Nguyen. Accuracy of Otoacustic Emission in Comparison to Diagnostic Test of Auditory Brainstem Response in Hearing Screening for Children in Vietnam. SRP. 2020; 11(5): 469-471. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.65

 Vancouver/ICMJE Style

 Tuyet Xuong Nguyen. Accuracy of Otoacustic Emission in Comparison to Diagnostic Test of Auditory Brainstem Response in Hearing Screening for Children in Vietnam. SRP. (2020), [cited March 29, 2021]; 11(5): 469-471. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.65

 Harvard Style

 Tuyet Xuong Nguyen (2020) Accuracy of Otoacustic Emission in Comparison to Diagnostic Test of Auditory Brainstem Response in Hearing Screening for Children in Vietnam. SRP, 11 (5), 469-471. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.65

 Turabian Style

 Tuyet Xuong Nguyen. 2020. Accuracy of Otoacustic Emission in Comparison to Diagnostic Test of Auditory Brainstem Response in Hearing Screening for Children in Vietnam. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (5), 469-471. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.65

 Chicago Style

 Tuyet Xuong Nguyen. "Accuracy of Otoacustic Emission in Comparison to Diagnostic Test of Auditory Brainstem Response in Hearing Screening for Children in Vietnam." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11 (2020), 469-471. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.65

 MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

 Tuyet Xuong Nguyen. "Accuracy of Otoacustic Emission in Comparison to Diagnostic Test of Auditory Brainstem Response in Hearing Screening for Children in Vietnam." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 11.5 (2020), 469-471. Print. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.65

 APA (American Psychological Association) Style

 Tuyet Xuong Nguyen (2020) Accuracy of Otoacustic Emission in Comparison to Diagnostic Test of Auditory Brainstem Response in Hearing Screening for Children in Vietnam. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11 (5), 469-471. doi:10.31838/srp.2020.5.65


Dynamic loads can cause severe damage to bridges, and lead to malfunction of transportation networks. A comprehensive understanding of the nature of the dynamic loads and the structural response of bridges can prevent undesired failures while keeping the cost-safety balance. Dissimilar to the static behavior, the dynamic response of bridges depends on several structural parameters such as material properties, damping and mode shapes. Furthermore, dynamic load characteristics can significantly change the structural response. In most cases, complexity and involvement of numerous parameters require the designer to investigate the bridge response via a massive numerical study. This dissertation targets three main dynamic loads applicable for railway and highway bridges, and explores particular issues related to each classification: seismic loads; vehicular dynamic loads; and high-speed passenger train loads. In the first part of the dissertation, highway bridge responses to the seismic loads are investigated using fragility analysis as a reliable probabilistic approach. The analysis results declare noticeably higher fragility of multispan curved bridges, compared to straight bridges with the same structural system. Structural reliability of steel tension and compression members in highway bridges, and the effects of the vehicular dynamic load characteristics are studied in the second part of the dissertation. Latest available experimental data have been used to re-evaluate current US design criteria for axially loaded steel members. The obtained results indicate conservative design of steel tension members for yielding of gross cross section, (β min =3.7 compared to the target reliability β T =3.0) and fracture of the net section (β min =5.2 compared to the target reliability β T =4.5). In addition, all monitored steel sections designed for axial compression show adequate safety in all cases. Lastly, the resonance of railway bridge superstructures under passing high-speed passenger trains is examined and their dynamic response are presented using dynamic load factor diagrams, applicable in strength limit state design of railway bridges. Applying proposed response curves can guide designers to estimate the structural response of railway bridges in the initial design phase, and avoid any possible resonance by changing the superstructure system, or modifying design parameters and the consecutive vibration frequency. Acknowledgements I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my advisor, Professor Terri Norton, for her thoughtful guidance and through reviewing of this dissertation. I am very grateful for all her support, enthusiasm and concern which made this research possible. I also wish to thank other advisory committee members; …