To take on "history, literature and cultural politics in sixties America" is an ambitious task, but Albert Stone has here made a prodigious effort at capturing the cultural context surrounding the 1967 publication of William Styron's The Confessions of Nat Turner. Stone sets his investigation inside a frame constructed by the 1968 meeting of the Southern Historical Association in New Orleans, at which Styron was called upon to defend his representation of Nat Turner and to answer the criticism contained in the recently published William Styron's Nat Turner: Ten Black Writers Respond (1968, edited by John H. Clarke). The author claims this crucial cultural event and appropriates it for his own purposes: the explication of a complex literary network, the delineation of a cultural battle for definitive power, and the tracking of paradigm shifts in historiography. Ultimately, Stone reproduces in his text the semiotic structure of that SHA meeting, challenging—by means of his own analysis—Styron to once again defend his literary and historical choices. Stone's new historical methodology results in an extensive examination and display of what one might call the Nat Turner matrix: the SHA meeting and its participants; the Styron book itself; the reception of the Styron book; other (and earlier) fictional images of Nat Turner; the development of historiographical representations of slave rebellions; the debate about cultural forms of resistance to oppression; and finally, contemporary references to Turner in histories, textbooks, and fictions. He thus presents the Turner matrix as a complex web of discourse and reader structures, rhetorical strategies, and social situations. In effect, Stone's study is a model of new historical technique: a thick description of a particular historical formation. The author quotes his sources at length, placing each one in its context and clarifying its relationship to others in the matrix. Writers who have addressed the Turner rebellion in either imaginative or historical form are severely questioned as to their motivations and the facticity of their accounts. Attention to literary concerns is less stringent: in this case, literary merit seems to accrue to those who treat historical subjects in a factually accurate and culturally complete manner. Styron's psychological reconstruction of Nat Turner clearly falls short of the measures imposed here; later fictional constructions based on other events in black history seem privileged because of their cultural focus—if not for the race of their authors. Stone reveals his methodological assumptions early in the book, but never addresses the implications of his own study, one of which seems to be that literature ought to be as historically and culturally "thick" as his own critical description. The book concludes with two "microcontroversies," the


The authors present a detailed photoluminescence excitation study of the optical transitions in GaN. This technique is employed to distinguish between band-to-band excitation and exciton contribution to the formation of the free exciton, bound exciton, violet and yellow photoluminescence bands. They show the dominant role of the Froehlich polar intraband scattering in the formation of the free exciton states. They demonstrate that bound exciton states in a large extent are created by the capture of the free excitons by shallow impurities as well as by phonon-assisted resonant excitation of the bound exciton states. The capture of the free carriers excited in the band continuum is a main excitation source for the violet and yellow bands. However, distinct A- and C-exciton resonances are detected in the excitation spectra of the violet and yellow emission bands.


This article describes the oil analysis' application in the condition monitoring of a large Slurry Balance Shield machine. Based on the analysis of the shield machine's main bearing sealing methods and the detection of the oil sampled from the bearing's lubrication system periodically, found that the shield machine main bearing lubrication system was contaminated by grease. According to the analysis of oil monitoring, Countermeasures including replacing the oil and adding new oil to the shield bearing lubrication system were taken to maintain a good lubrication state of shield- bearing system and ensure the normal work and safe operation of the shield machine.


Objective: To determine the mode of presentation, etiology and outcome of patients with stroke. Methodology: This retrospective one year study was conducted on 50 diagnosed patients with stroke, in the Department of Medicine, Muhammad Medical College Hospital (MMCH) Mirpurkhas from 1 st August 2007 to 31 st July 2008. All the information was collected from attendants of patients admitted in the intensive care unit for the management of stroke. Collected information was summarized for mode of presentation, etiology such as cerebral hemorrhage, infarction and subarachnoid haemorrhage with the help of computed tomography (CT) scan and outcome of patients with stroke. The data was entered and analyzed in SPSS V 10.1 software Results: Total 50 patients (30 males and 20 females) were studied. The average age at presentation was 59.5 years. The most common complains were unilateral weakness seen in 16 (32%) patients, loss of consciousness reported by 25 (50%) patients while fever with vomiting was observed in eight (16%) patients. Hypertension was the most frequent risk factor found in 28 (56%) patients whereas 18 (36%) patients were smokers as well as diabetic. Cerebral hemorrhage was seen in 18 (36%) patients, whereas ischemia was responsible for 31(62%) patients. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was found in one (2%) patient only. Eighteen (36%) patients were discharged alive while the remaining 32 (46%) patients died due to fatal nature of disease. Conclusion: This study showed that the ischemia was the predominant cause of stroke in our patients. Mostly observed in older age group, hypertensive and smoker males. Morbidity and mortality was observed in those patients who reached hospital late. Further basic studies should be conducted for the prevention, early recognition and proper management of risk factors to reduce the incidence of disease and its fatal outcome.


Studies of the reproductive biology of nonhuman primates are commonly hindered by the lack of homologous, sensitive immunoassay systems for gonadotropins. The recent development of a bioassay based upon folliclestimulating hormone (FSH)‐stimulated estradiol production by rat Sertoli cells (Padmanabhan et al.: Endocrinology 121:1089–1098, 1987) offers a novel opportunity to expand our knowledge of the physiological importance and regulation of this important reproductive hormone in these species. Accordingly, we have established the utility of the rat Sertoli cell FSH bioassay to study the reproductive biology of rhesus monkeys. Analysis of medium from cultured rhesus monkey pituitary cells demonstrates the ability of this assay system to specifically and sensitively detect macaque FSH. Serial dilutions of unextracted urinary samples stimulate estradiol in parallel with the reference standard. The pattern of bioactive FSH in daily urine samples throughout the menstrual cycle resembles that normally observed in serum, displaying a clear preov alatory gonadotropin surge. In attempts to analyze rhesus monkey serum, severe interference with cellular estradiol production was found with extremely low serum sample volumes. In order to circumvent this problem, a serum extraction procedure utilizing metaphosphoric acid was developed which permits the accurate determination of bioactive FSH in serum. The pattern of serum bioactive FSH secretion throughout the menstrual cycle is in general agreement with that observed by FSH RIA, although immunoreactive FSH values are consistently higher. The ability to detect bioactive FSH in macaques will significantly enhance our research capabilities with nonhuman primate species which share many physiological similarities with man. Important applications also may be found in studies on the reproductive biology in endangered species of primates.


The computable urban economic (CUE) model, which is completely based on microeconomic foundations, is an advanced form of the urban model that was developed from land-use transport-interaction models; further, the CUE model is both operational and practical. In recent times, the CUE model has been widely used as a tool for analyzing real urban economies and evaluating the implementation of urban polices in practice. In this paper, we discuss the current issues and perspectives of CUE models. First, the significance of the CUE models is reiterated by providing an overview of its prehistory and a description of their characteristics. Subsequently, the paper lists the current issues from the viewpoints of model construction, identification, and application as well as its practical applications and propagation. Finally, the paper presents important perspectives on the issues and discusses the directions for further theoretical developments.


Objective Studying the effectsiveness o f recombinant erythrojpopitetin(rhEpo) treatment to prevent anemia of prematurit y infants Methods Sixty prematurity infants,fatal age35week,born w eight1700g were divided into control and treatment groups randomized.The treatm ent grop was given rhEpo 250u/kg.d.god.IH aften seven days of borth,total 5w.bot h groups oral VitE and Fe Results The Hb RBC HCT and Ret were higher in treatment g roup than control ( P 0 001).The rate of transfusion blood was reduced in Tr eatment group ( P 0 001);The rate of weight increase was higher in treatruen t than control ( P 0 05) Conclusions Eealy treamtnet of premature infants with rhE po can prevent anemia of prematurity and reduced rate of transfusionblood


In the article the author analyzes fanaticism, intolerance and crimes associated with them; retraces the tendencies of the state, law and religion, the evolution of state-legal and church ideas about crimes against faith and the state in the history of the European and Russian societies; studies the problems and crimes connected with sects, extremist and terrorist organizations; and comes to the conclusion that fanaticism is a factor of crime of destructive groups.


Excess phosphorus in lakes may cause algal blooming, and total phosphorus (TP) is an important index for lake eutrophication. As an important source of TP, lake sediment contributes a lot to TP release. TP release across the sediment–water interface varies with the hydrodynamic conditions of the overlying water, and in this paper the release characteristics of TP under hydrodynamic disturbance has been investigated. The sediment samples from Xuanwu Lake are collected and their release characteristics of TP under varying shear velocity are simulated in laboratory apparatus. Results show that increasing shear velocity contributes to the release of TP from sediment and the combination of varying shear velocity in different stages has a significant influence on the distribution of TP concentration. Further, the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used to simulate the process of TP release from the sediment–water interface and the predicted values agree well with the measured data, which proves that the LBM can be used in simulating the process of TP release from sediment.


Rhizomes of the marsh plant Acorus calamus (L.) and tubers of the flooding-intolerant Solanum tuberosum (L.) var. Bintje, both kept under strict anoxia, differ markedly in their fermentation properties. The fermentation capacities as measured by ADH and LDH activities and their respective product concentrations were estimated. While rhizomes of Acorus calamus, having high ADH and low LDH activities, accumulate mainly ethanol, tubers of Solanum tuberosum tend towards lactic acid fermentation. The total amount of adenine nucleotides is quite stable in Acorus calamus, whereas they show a sharp decline in S. tuberosum during the first 6 h of anoxia. The adenylate energy charge of A. calamus recovers after a short initial drop (AEC > 0.8). AEC values of S. tuberosum decrease rapidly and remain at very low values (AEC approximately 0.3). Tuber tissues became soft and lost viability after about 48-72 h of anoxia at 25-degrees-C. This might be due to tissue acidification and impaired energy metabolism, but not to the lack of energy reserves. Energy metabolism of A. calamus is well adapted to anoxia.


This study seeks to investigate how stakeholder power and an organization's pursuit of legitimacy influence its reaction to conflict with a supplier. We conducted an empirical study among travel agents and tour operators to test the relationship between conflict and stakeholder power and legitimacy derived from three different stakeholders. Our findings imply that power has a dual role. Whereas supplier power reduces buyer–supplier conflict, stakeholder power increases it. Moreover, this study shows that the quest to achieve greater legitimacy from the firm's competitive arena increases conflict. This study is one of the few that test stakeholder theory empirically. We demonstrate that stakeholder theory provides additional explanations above the hitherto taken dyadic approach toward understanding conflict. This study also shows that power can simultaneously reduce and increase conflict depending on which party possesses power. Greater supplier power decreases conflict, while greater stakeholder power and stakeholder-derived legitimacy increases it. Therefore, organizations have to balance their stakeholder and supplier interests.


Crustal movements in the Tohoku district (northeastern Honshu) are observed now by the eleven stations operated by Tohoku University. Detectabilities of strainand tilt-steps by the observation net of Tohoku University are investigated for earthquakes with various magnitudes occurring in and around the Tohoku district. Contour maps of estimated detectability in strainand tilt-steps are calculated and plotted for earthquakes with various magnitudes. It is found that an area detected by the observation net is wider for strain components than for tilt components. It is shown that observation stations for crustal movements can observe strain-steps for earthquakes with magnitude larger than 7, happened at the western side of Japan trench.


Campbell, A. (2008). For their own good: Recruiting children for research. Childhood, 15, 30-49. Kitzinger, J. (2006). Who are you kidding? Children, power and the struggle against sexual abuse. In A. James & A. Prout (Eds.), Constructing and reconstructing childhood: Contemporary issues in the sociological study of childhood (pp. 165-189). London, England: Routledge. Smart, C., Neale, B., & Wade, A. (2001). The changing experience of childhood: Families and divorce. Cambridge: Polity Press.


Objective: was to know the perception of selfimage and body satisfaction of university students. Method: it is a descriptive quantitative study, in which data was used from a thesis linked to the project Health Promoter University. 434 female and 153 male university students between the ages of 18 to 30 years old participated, answering questions about gender, weight, height, body satisfaction and food habits, as well as identified themselves in the Scale Silhouettes within the Surveymonkey® platform. Results: according to the reported height and weight, it was observed that 46.4% of the men and 33.6% the women were considered overweight or obese. Regarding to the Scale Silhouettes it was observed a difference between the BMI referred and the BMI perceived, being significantly different for women (-2.59kg / m² ± 2.36) and for men (-1.71 kg / m 2 ± 10). In both groups, the individuals had a distortion of self body image, perceiving being slimmer than reality. It was observed that women had a higher self body image distortion than men (p = 0.01), while on the self body satisfaction women also said they were little satisfied, whereof men were quite satisfied (p = 0.03). Furthermore women reported feeling fatter when compared to other women of the same age, what did not occur with the male group. Closing remarks: university students classified as overweight and / or obese perceived themselves thinner in both sexes. This study reinforces the need for actions to increase the understanding of self body awareness by university students, aiming to improve


Many innovations in the past five years have significantly improved the applicability, flexibility, and economics of deep well disposal processes for disposal of waste streams from Exploration and Production (E&P) operations. Deep well disposal processes such as Slurry Fracture Injection (SFI) and Cuttings Re-Injection (CRI) have proven to be economically viable for heavy oil production operations and offshore drilling operations. When properly implemented, these technologies allow E&P operations to achieve 'zero discharge' for many waste streams that may impact the environment. To maximize zero discharge benefits, the deep well disposal process is fully integrated into the drilling and production operations that generate the waste streams. This integration has operational challenges that can be successfully met by the use of 'best practices' for geological evaluation, well design, injection strategy design, process control and monitoring, data acquisition, risk assessment and technical support. This paper will discuss the use of deep well disposal processes for 'zero discharge' E&P operations, best practices, integrating the SFI process into E&P operations. Two field cases that have fully integrated the SFI and CRI processes into E&P operations, including a heavy oil project will be reviewed.


Despite of the intense search for information about productive potential of common bean on liming procedures, little knowledge of cultivar performances on efficiency use nutrients is available. Therefore, we carried out a study in greenhouse to evaluate the efficiency use of nutrients of bean cultivars on liming. The experimental design was completely randomized block, in 4x4 factorial scheme, with four levels of lime (0; 1.59; 3.18; and 4.48 t ha -1 ) and four bean cultivars (Campeao 1, Carioca, FT-Bonito, and Perola), using four replications. On acid soil and lime absence, the Carioca cultivar was efficient on the utilization of P and Ca, and the Perola cultivar was more efficient using N and K. Increasing the lime levels, Perola cultivar was more efficient in N uses, followed by FT-Bonito and Carioca. The FT-Bonito cultivar has shown best performance for using P. All bean cultivars have been efficient in the utilization of Zn, with increment of lime levels.


A consistent text contains rich resources of information such as collocation patterns that can be used to resolve ambiguities within its sentences For example attachment ambiguities in a sentence can be resolved by selecting a candidate attachment that matches attachments found in other sentences in the same discourse Thus, discourse can be regarded as a valuable knowledge resource for sentence analysis In this paper, we examine some features of discourse as a knowledge resource and propose a framework for natural language processing that provides a simple algorithm for using information extracted from discourse together with information stored in knowledge bases The experimental results of using our framework to disambiguate sentences in technical documents offer good prospects for improving the accuracy of a broad coverage natural language processing system that handles various texts without constructing knowledge bases for each text in advance Some noteworthy features of discourse information are also deduced from the results of our experiments.


Accelerated temperature cycling (ATC) was used to assess the thermal fatigue reliability of a Pb free, 37.5 mm fully populated, 1295 I/O ball grid array (BGA) package assembled with backward compatible or mixed alloy (Pb free BGA/SnPb paste) processing. The Pb-free BGA components were fabricated with Sn-4.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC 405) solder balls. The surface mount assembly was done using several custom SnPb eutectic soldering profiles designed to produce different levels of Pb mixing in the BGA solder balls. The test program also included SAC405-SAC405 assemblies for reliability comparisons. The temperature cycling and metallographic data indicate that assembly parameters that produce the lowest level of Pb mixing degrade the solder joint fatigue reliability. Failure analysis demonstrates that the lower reliability is due to poorly formed solder joints resulting from incomplete reflow. The failed solder joints exhibit inadequate BGA ball collapse, minimal Pb mixing, and fatigue failure at the printed circuit board (PCB) side of the joints instead of the package-side fatigue failures that are typical for ATC testing. The test cells with more complete Pb mixing and the pure Pb-free test cell exhibited better fatigue reliability. However, failure analysis of these samples revealed that the data were compromised by the occurrence of a second failure mode in plated through hole vias that were incorporated into the PCB test vehicle. The presence of mixed mode failures (solder joint and via) precluded direct quantitative comparisons among all the test cells. The results are discussed within the context of previously published test results from the literature, including the impact of the contribution of via failures. Recommendations are outlined for additional testing to quantify the relationships between Pb mixing level and Pb-free reliability for this high density BGA package.


A B ST R A C T The study examined the energy used for milling rice in Lafia rice mill. A sample of 50 randomly selected rice mills were used for the study. Simple descriptive statistics, production function analysis and correlation analysis were used for data analysis. The result shows that the average total energy used daily for rice milling was 2427.44MJ/mill with diesel energy having the largest share (54.66%) of the average total daily energy used. Furthermore, to mill a bag of paddy about 211.06MJ of energy was required. The energy productivity was 0.37MJ/mill. Diesel and paddy were the most significant inputs that influenced the output of milled rice. The elasticity value range from 0.19 to 7.37 for paddy and diesel respectively. Rice milling in the research area was observed to be dependent on direct and non renewable energy forms especially diesel. The study recommends development of cleaner and safer energy forms such as solar energy for rice milling in the study area.


A new design of integrated trigger device constituted by KJ004 and used in electric.The new device is a single-phase bridge trigger module by the use of a MCSS51 series chip microprocessor,with chip microprocessor control to display the conduction angle to be conducted,and with D/A conversion to obtain the phase-shift control signal from KJ trigger device,thus achieving its aim of phase-shift voltage control.The system is simple in circuit design,feasible and cheaper.electronic laboratory facilities is presented to improve tremendously the conducting control accuracy of conduction and make easier for use.


We present the experimental reconstruction of sub-wavelength features from the far-field of sparse optical objects. We show that it is sufficient to know that the object is sparse, and only that, and recover 100 nm features with the resolution of 30 nm, for an illuminating wavelength of \lambda=532 nm. Our technique works in real-time, requires no scanning, and can be implemented in all existing microscopes - optical and non-optical.


The reaction of (Z)-5-bromo-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-ylidene)-3H-indole with refluxing pentane-2,4-dione gave two compounds, the major product, 1-[(E)-4-(5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)-1-methyl-2,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-azepin-2-ylidene]propan-2-one being accompanied by 1-(7-(2-amino-5-bromophenyl)-1,4-dimethylindolin- 5-yl)ethanone. Each product is believed to be derived from initial protonation of (Z)-5-bromo-3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-ylidene)-3H-indole by the diketone followed with nucleophilic diketone-C-3- addition at the C-2 of the 3H-indolium cation.


On the basis of investigating campus plant resources in 5 colleges of Xinxiang City,the campus plant species and plant lists were recorded. The vegetation distribution and plant diversity,plant configuration,campus garden plant structure,the botanical garden plant species composition,seasonal design characteristics of garden plant,garden plants ornamental characteristics were studied,and the corresponding suggestions were put forward,so as to improve the integrity of the campus green space system and provide the reference for the protection and rational utilization of campus landscape plant.


By choosing Li Qingzhao's Ci as its object of study and taking Xu Yuanchong's translation versions for example,this paper adopts the philosophical problem—solution approach and expounds the feasibility of reproducing the aesthetic values of classical poetry via such means as imitation,empathy,symbolization and personification.The proposal and application of these methods help,on the one hand,to fully reproduce in translation the artistic conceptions of the original works,and to preserve and highlight the floweriness and glory of the Chinese Ci culture,on the other hand.


The paper concerns with investigating classroom interaction especially the classroom language used by teacher and students in teaching learning process in one Junior High School in Indramayu. Teacher's talk signals the classroom language that is used by the teacher in the classroom throughout the class periods. Meanwhile, students' talk signal classroom language that is used by the students. The study employs qualitative interaction analysis method involving fifty nine students and two teachers in two different classrooms. The data are gathered through non-participant observation and video recording. Classroom observations were conducted to gain the data concerning classroom interaction in teaching learning process. The data collecting was separated into twelve categories and analyzed using Flint (Foreign Language Interaction analysis) system adopted from Moscowitz that is widely used to investigate classroom interaction. The findings of this study showed that there are various verbal interactions used in classroom interaction. The data showed that the use of classroom language motivate students to speak and encourage the students to share their idea. But the data also showed that there are many obstacles in using classroom language. So it needs more effort from teachers and students to make classroom language familiar in the classroom.


Prostate cancer involves a considerable percentage of men worldwide and as be postulated; prostate cancer epidemiology is not restricted to a specific country. Despite tremendous efforts that have been made regarding prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment, this issue remains challenging for urologists and oncologists by far. The routine method for the diagnosis of prostate cancer is a prostate biopsy, which may accompany by several complications that may be detrimental to patients' health. Consequently, an alternative method with lower rates of complications is necessitating. For almost two decades liquid biopsy, an alternative method for cancer diagnosis with obvious benefits in comparison with previous methods of cancer diagnosis, has been at the center of interest of many studies, in particular, studies with prostate cancer subjects. The applicability of liquid biopsy which primarily includes cell-free DNA, circulating tumor cells, RNAs, and exosomes in prostate cancer is the main area of research of recent research. However, using liquid biopsy in routine clinical practices yet has not occurred and further studies with more firm evidence are warranted. Herein, we provided a brief report of advancements that have occurred in prostate cancer.


The paper is devoted to application of methodology of preliminary aircraft design by using multidisciplinary analysis and optimization. The purpose of the design is decrease of aircraft structural weight at satisfying strength and aeroelasticity requirements. Two-level approach is used for a structural design of an airplane wing which is made of composite or metallic materials. The flowchart of multidisciplinary analysis and optimization are discussed. Some results of design optimization under multiple constraints for wing of high aspect ratio are presented. Variants of the wing structure both metallic and composite have been considered. Aeroelasticity characteristics of high aspect ratio wing have been confirmed in TsAGI wind tunnel tests.


Adsorption study of the adsorption of heavy metal ions from Fe (III) using sago dregs waste was carried out. adsorption was carried out in batches, with the mass of adsorbent is 1 g and the concentration of Fe (III) ion is 10 ppm. in this study variations in contact time were 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes to determine the kinetic suitable for the adsorption process of ion Fe (III) and the capacity and efficiency of sago dregs adsorption. The results showed that the adsorption of ion fe (III) using sago dregs followed pseudo second-order kinetics with R2 values that were closer to 1 that is 0,9651. adsorption of ion Fe (III) at optimum contact time of 90 minutes with adsorbent mass of 1 g obtained by adsorption capacity 0,3211 mg/g and the adsorption efficiency is 64,2%.


This study focuses on a hands-on course aiming to develop students' collaborative problem-solving ability within the digital game-based design learning courses in a national university in northern Taiwan. The subjects were 26 full-time graduate students and 32 inservice graduate students. The Teamwork Competency Test (TWCT) developed by the teams in the U.S. and Spain was administered. Basically, this survey mainly examines the difference in collaborative problemsolving ability between the full-time and in-service students. The results show that the score difference between them are significant in three categories including "conflict resolution," "decision making," and "supervision and assessment." Future improvement directions and other suggestions are also provided based on the results.


In order to test whether sperm reflux occurs in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, the numbers of eupyene in the sperm reservoir, duplex ejaculatory duct and spermatophora before and after copulation were counted. The results show that there is no sperm reflux; all sperm in the duplex ejaculatory duct are transferred to the female′s body.


A triazine ring derivatized with morpholine, an N‐alkyl‐N′‐BOC‐hydrazine (alkyl=isopropyl or benzyl) and the diethylacetal of glycinylpropionaldehyde undergoes spontaneous dimerization in good yields upon acid‐catalyzed deprotection. The resulting 24‐member macrocycles can be characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. In the solid state, both homodimers adopt a taco‐like conformation. Although each shows π–π stacking between the triazine rings, different patterns of hydrogen bonds emerge. The crystal structure of the isopropyl dimer shows that it includes two molecules of trifluoracetic acid per macrocycle. The trifluoroacetate anion charge balances the protonated triazines, which engage in bifurcated hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl acceptor of the distant glycine. This carbonyl also forms a hydrogen bond with the NH of the proximate glycine. The crystal structure of the benzyl derivative does not include trifluoracetic acid. Instead, two hydrogen bonds form, each between a glycine NH and the lone pair of the C=N nitrogen of the hydrazine group. In the solid state, both molecules present the alkyl side chains and morpholine groups in close proximity. A heterodimer is accessible in approximately statistical yields—along with both homodimers—by mixing the two protected monomers prior to subjecting them to deprotection.


Using SbCl3 as the source of Sb2O3,water-ethylenediamine as solvents,Sb2O3 nanomaterials with controllable phase and morphology were prepared at room temperature.The results of X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscope(TEM) show that the component of solvent plays an important role in the formation of different morphology and phase.When en was used as solvent,cubic phase Sb2O3 nanoparticles could be obtained.When the content of water was 25 %,cubic-orthorhombic phase Sb2O3 nanopartocles could be generated.When the content of water increased to 75 %,orthorhombic phase Sb2O3 nanorods(the diameter and length is 60-110 nm and 500-700 nm) can be obtained.


Integrity constraints are a key tool for characterizing the well formedness and Semantics of the information contained in databases. In this regard, it is essential that intelligent database management systems provide their users with automatic support to effectively and efficiently maintain the semantic correctness of data with respect to the given integrity constraints. This paper gives an overview of the field of efficient integrity checking and maintenance for relational as well as deductive databases. It covers both theoretical and practical aspects of integrity control, including integrity maintenance via active rules. New lines of research are outlined, particularly with regard to two topics where a strong impact for future developments can be expected: integrity in XML document collections and in distributed databases. Both pose a number of new and highly relevant research challenges to the database community. An approach to database interoperation is proposed here that exploits the semantic information provided by integrity constraints defined on the component databases. Two roles of integrity constraints in database inter- operation are identified. First, a set of integrity constraints describing valid states of the integrated view can be derived from the constraints defined on the underlying databases. An idea about instance-based database interoperation paradigm is also given, where objects rather than classes are the unit of integration. The notions of objectivity and subjectivity are proposed as an indication of whether a constraint is valid beyond the context of a specific database, and demonstrate the impact of these notions. The main strategies are also outlined for integrity maintenances opposed to checking. Some approaches pursue complete prevention of inconsistent states by checking, at an early stage and in a possibly simplified way, whether the update will violate integrity. In others, offensive transactions are executed anyhow, and then integrity is restored via corrective actions, such as rollbacks or repairs. The focus of this paper is on introducing a new paradigm: The Web as the database, and its implications regarding integrity, i.e., the progressive adaptation of database techniques to Web usage


Abstract: Renewable energy is a type of energy that is derived from ongoing natural processes and energy of natural processes converted into available forms. Solar energy is any type of energy that is generated by the sun. To make use of this energy and convert it into electricity we use solar panels. A solar panel has maximum productivity when the sun rays are incident at right angle to it. Usual home use solar panels are fixed in a stationary position hence there will be only a certain time in the day that the sun-rays are incident at right angle on the panel. A solar tracking system is a single-axis rotating system which aims for solar panels to operate by tracking the sun's movement throughout the day which makes it possible for the rays to arrive perpendicular to the panels. This maximises the productivity of the panel. Solar tracking system was designed which used LDRs in form of a voltage divider circuit to sense the sunlight and actuate the stepper motor to rotate the panel over a single-axis so that the sun-rays the panel is perpendicular to the sun-rays. This model was tested out alongside a stationary solar panel. Readings were noted down of both panels every hour. The panel with the tracking system proved to be more productive than the stationary panel as it had generated more power over each hour. The panel could be moved both automatically with the help of the sensors and through manual mode using the blynk UI


ABSTRACT This paper uses a framework established by one of the author's in a previous study and refines it to develop a rubric for mathematics tutor training in third-level education. The paper further opens the discussion on the necessity of, and practical methods for, providing high quality, efficient tutor training at third-level. Models of mathematics teacher knowledge are unanimous in stating that solely possessing strong subject matter knowledge (SMK) is not sufficient for one to be deemed to be a good teacher. Despite the necessity of high quality tutoring at third-level, past research indicates that though tutors' SMK is usually of high quality, their ability to transform their knowledge so that students will understand the content, as well as their general teaching skills (e.g. board work, speech), often has room to improve. This paper discusses the development of the rubric and its use in a mathematics tutor training programme at third-level. The tutor training programme was found to lead to improvements in multiple elements of the tutors' teaching.


Abstract Denli, M., Çelik, K. and Okan, F. 2003. Comparative effects of feeding diets containing flavomycin, bioteksin-L and dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on broiler performance. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 23: 139–144. A 6-week study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding diets containing commercial probiotic (Bioteksin-L, 2xlO8cfu/g), antibiotic (Flavomycin) and dry yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) performance, abdominal fat weight, carcass weight and carcass yield of broiler chicks. Four dietary treatments control, containing 0.15% commercial probiotic (bioteksin-L), 0.15% antibiotic (Flavomycin) or 0.3% dry yeast were randomly assigned to four groups of chicks. A significant increase in body weight gain, feed conversion rate and carcass weight of birds was observed in birds fed flavomycin and dry yeast at the end of S-wk period (P<0.05). Biyoteksin-L and Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation to diets tended to decrease, abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat percentage (P<0.5).


According to "Education Burea's Opinions on Reinforcing the Training of Talents, "Spirits of Henan Provincial High schools Teaching Working Meeting" and "Opinions on course construction Development consideration of our college", this article presents some new practical considerations on the new course "Engineering Budget Management" from the aspects such as: situation of talents market, talents demanding prediction, goals of major ability training, teaching reform practise, ect.


Method of fuzzy defining the optimal level of the target product supply is proposed, based on combined applying of fuzzy sets theory models and methods and expert evaluation method. It makes the proposed method more adaptive to permanent changing conditions of external environment of city water supplying system development.


IL-33 is a cytokine produced by endothelial and epithelial cells following damage leading to the
necrosis process and has been suggested as a tissue alarmin. The biological effects of IL-33 are
mediated by its surface receptor ST-2 on various cell types such as leukocytes, as well as the
soluble form (sST-2) that can regulate free IL-33 levels in the blood. IL-33 acts on the polarization
of type 2 responses and neutrophil migration by regulating CXCR2 levels. One of the most
intriguing aspects of leprosy is the variety of clinical manifestations presented by patients. The
type of clinical form presented is directly correlated with the cellular immune response. The
relationship between IL-33 levels and the different clinical forms of leprosy has never been
investigated. Our overall objective was to investigate molecular mechanisms involved in
neutrophil recruitment and polarization during leprosy and the specific objectives were: (1) to
evaluate serum levels of IL-33, (2) and sST-2 in leprosy patients, (3) correlate serum levels of IL33 with sST2, (4) evaluate IL-33 and ST-2 production in skin lesions of leprosy patients, (5)
evaluate CD11b, CD62L, CD49d and CXCR2 expression in neutrophils studies of leprosy
patients and (6) to evaluate IL-8 expression in skin lesions of patients during ENL and 7 days
after initiation of Thalidomide treatment. To achieve our goals, leprosy patients were clinically
classified according to Ridley and Jopling 1966 criteria and grouped as follows: (i) paucibacillary
/ PB (TT and BT) patients, (ii) multibacillary / MB (BL and LL), (iii) patients with type 1 reaction
(RR) and (iv) patients with type 2 reaction (ENL). Serum, skin lesions and circulating neutrophils
were used in this study. IL-33 and sST-2 proteins were analyzed by ELISA and western blotting
in serum and skin samples, respectively. The phenotypic profile of neutrophils was assessed by
multiparametric flow cytometry using antibodies against the targets described in objective 5.
Analysis of IL-33 and ST-2 protein levels in skin lesions revealed that MB patients have increased
levels of both IL -33 as much as ST-2 when compared with PB patients. In addition, MB patients
exhibited elevated serum IL-33 levels compared with PB, and this finding correlated with the
bacilloscopic index. During the reaction episodes, IL-33 levels remained elevated in ENL,
however RR patients had low levels. Serum sST-2 levels did not change between different groups,
but the IL-33: sST-2 ratio revealed that MB and ENL patients have higher levels of free IL-33.
There was an increase in CD11b expression in neutrophils from PB patients compared to
neutrophils from MB patients, revealing a higher activation profile in PB patients. In contrast,
MB neutrophils showed increased CD62L and CD49d expression when compared to PB
neutrophils, suggesting that MB neutrophils may contribute to angiogenesis and would be able to
migrate to tissue during the sudden onset of ENL. There was no difference in CXCR2 expression
when comparing PB versus MB neutrophils, which may justify the absence of neutrophils in PB
or MB skin lesions. However, circulating neutrophils from ENL patients have lower levels of
CD62L, CD49d, and CXCR2 compared to MB patients, suggesting that these molecules may be
important for neutrophil recruitment for skin lesions, as the presence of neutrophils in ENH
lesions is a specific histological hallmark of this condition. Together, our results contribute to a
better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in leprosy pathogenesis.


This study aims to Analyze the influence of Job Stress, Job Satisfaction And Organizational Commitment To Employee Turnover PT. Citra Mandiri Multi Finance. This type of research is quantitative research. The research population is the employees of PT. Citra Mandiri Multi Finance Semarang Branch and Solo Branch. The sample is determined by purposing sampling method method, with 77 respondents. Data collection method used is Questionnaire technique (questionnaire). Data analysis method used is multiple linear analysis method. In the research results obtained conclusion Work stress has no effect on Intention turnover, Job Satisfaction has influence on intention turnover and Organizational Commitment has influence to Intention turnover.

Key Word : Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment And Employee Turnover Intention.


In this paper, we discuss some properties of of G-hull, G-kernel and
 G-connectedness, and extend some results of [28]. In particular, we prove
 that the G-connectedness are preserved by countable product. Moreover, we
 introduce the concept of G-topological group, and prove that a G-topological
 group is a G-topology under the assumption of the regular method preserving
 the subsequence.


Great performances of deep learning are undeniable, with impressive results on wide range of tasks. However, the output confidence of these models is usually not well calibrated, which can be an issue for applications where confidence on the decisions is central to bring trust and reliability (e.g., autonomous driving or medical diagnosis). For models using softmax at the last layer, Temperature Scaling (TS) is a state-of-the-art calibration method, with low time and memory complexity as well as demonstrated effectiveness.TS relies on a T parameter to rescale and calibrate values of the softmax layer, using a labelled dataset to determine the value of that parameter.We are proposing an Unsupervised Temperature Scaling (UTS) approach, which does not dependent on labelled samples to calibrate the model,allowing, for example, using a part of test samples for calibrating the pre-trained model before going into inference mode. We provide theoretical justifications for UTS and assess its effectiveness on the wide range of deep models and datasets. We also demonstrate calibration results of UTS on skin lesion detection, a problem where a well-calibrated output can play an important role for accurate decision-making.


I. Introduction.- Magnesium: An Introduction to its Supramolecular Chemistry and Biology.- Neurodegenerative Diseases and Magnesium Status.- II. Biology-Chemistry-Analytical.- Secretagogue-Evoked Magnesium and Calcium Transport in Mouse Pancreatic Acinar Cells.- Extracellular Mg2+ Effects Intracellular Signalling Processes and Acid Secretion in Rat Parietal Cells.- Characterization of Magnesium Transport from Rat, Pig, Cow and Human Erythrocytes.- Chemical Aspects of Heterogeneous Mg-Containing Apatites.- FT-IR Studies of Propofol-Magnesium Interactions.- Magnesium Ions -Guanosine-5'-Monophosphate Complexes: A Spectroscopy Study.- Supramolecular Mg(II) Complexes of Cytosine and 1-Methylcytosine.- Synthesis and NMR Spectroscopic Studies of a New Magnesium Antibiotic Compound.- Spectrophotometric Determination of Magnesium in Serum Using Xylidyl Blue Reagent in Micellar Medium.- III. Toxicology.- Influence of Four Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (Naproxen, Tolmetin, Tolfenamic Acid and Voltaren) and one Antibiotic (Monensin) on Magnesium Concentrations in Guinea Pig or Rat Tissues.- Influence of Inositolhexaphosphoric Acid (Phytic Acid) on the Distribution and the Excretion of Magnesium in Rat Tissues.- Changes of Magnesium Concentrations in Rat Tissues after the Administration of Drugs Used in Hypertension Therapy.- Magnesium in Rabbits Submitted to Prolonged Lead or Cadmium Intoxication.- Influence of Norfloxacin on Magnesium Concentrations in Rat Tissues and Urine.- IV. Agriculture.- Magnesium Ligands in Ileal Digesta of Piglets Fed Skim Milk and Soybean Flour.- Magnesium Ions Hinder the Growth of Coleoptyl in Deuterium Depleted Water.- The Effect of Deuterium Depleted Medium on Plant Tumors.- Connection between the Magnesium Content of the Medium and the Growth of the Genetically Transformed Lobella Inflata.- V. Metabolism.- Magnesium in Liver Cirrhosis.- Atherogenic Lipid Fractions are Related to Free Magnesium Ion Status.- Magnesium and Oxidative Stress Status in Patients with Chronic Fatigue.- Self-Care Management for the Patients with Normomagnesemia Magnesium Deficiency.- Magnesium Metabolism and Physical Exercise in Humans.- In Vitro Effect of Glucose on Intralymphocyte Free Magnesium.- Serum Magnesium and Lipid Profile in Children with Controlled Insulin Depended Diabetes Mellitus.- Magnesium in Thermoregulation.- Interrelations between Magnesium and Tbars in Different Rat Tissues, after Administration of Ginseng.- Cholesterol Metabolism in Human Umpilical Arterial Endothelial Cells Cultured in Low Magnesium Media.- Childhood Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Magnesium Metabolism.- VI. Nutrition.- Effect of Nutrients on Calcium and Magnesium in Bone.- Magnesium and Calcium Contents in Reform Cereal Foods and Uptake of these Elements.- Magnesium in Digesta of Horses Fed Diets Containing Different Amounts of Phytate.- Influence of Different Dietary Magnesium and Calcium Intake Levels on the Behavior of 28Mg and Magnesium in Mice.- Dietary Magnesium Intake in French Adult Population.- Growth Check and Magnesium Imbalance on Young Rats by over Intakes of Calcium.- VII. Cardiovascular Diseases.- Neuropeptides, Free Radical Stress and Antioxidants in Models of Mg-Deficient Cardiomyopathy.- The Diuretic-Magnesium Question in Heart Failure.- Minding Magnesium while Treating Essential Hypertension with Diurectics.- Diuretics and Magnesium: Clinical Pharmacology in Healthy Subjects.- Alterations of Serum Magnesium under Chronic Therapy with Diuretics and/or Angiotensin - Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Hypertensive Patients.- Cardiac Arrhythmias in Magnesium Deficiency. Studies on Rat Model.- Hypomagnesemia in Long QT Syndrome.- Effect of Metabolic Inhibitors and Ischaemia on Contractile Force and Magnesium Efflux in the Isolated Perfused Rat Heart.- The Influence of Mg2+ and Zn2+ on Vascular Effect of Angiotensine Conversion Enzyme Inhibitors.- A Unique Non-Invasive Intracellular Magnesium Assay Correlating with Cardiac Tissues, Arrhythmias, and Therapeutic Intervention.- Physiological and Pharmacological Role of Magnesium in Acute Myocardial Infarction.- Magnesium in Acute Myocardial Infarction (the MAMI Study): Effect of Early Versus Late Magnesium Administration on Ck-Levels.- Changes in Platelet, Erythrocyte and Plasma Magnesium Levels in Normotensive and Hypertensive Obeses during Oral Glucose Tolerance Test.- The Role of Magnesium: A Natural Calcium Antagonist in the Treatment of Acute Ischaemic Stroke.- Does Cardiac Ischemia Induce Lowering of Blood Ionized Magnesium Level in Patients?.- Effect of Ouabain on the Behavior of 28Mg in the Mice Myocardium.- Experimental and Clinical Controversies in the Antiischemic and Antiarrhythmic Effects of Magnesium Sulfate.- Influence of Magnesium on the Aortic Vasorelaxation in Adult and Old Rats. Magnesium Age and Vasorelaxation.- The Use of Magnesium Preparations - Kormagnesin and Magnerot in Cardiological Practice.- Serum and Erythrocyte Magnesium in Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris during and in the Absence of Crisis.- Relationship between Magnesium Parameters, Lipid Profile and Peroxidation Levels in Healthy Children.- VIII. Renal.- Association between Magnesium and Hypertension: Speculation or Fact?.- Does Serum Magnesium Concentration Prevent Mitral Annular Calcification in Hemodialysis Patients?.- Furosemide-Like Natriuretic Actions of Genistein without Effects on Magnesiuresis.- Platelet, Erythrocyte and Plasma Magnesium Levels in Renal Transplant Recipients during Cyclosporin or Azathioprine Treatment.- IX. Immunology.- Magnesium, Inflammation and Pain.- Increased Apoptosis and Free Radical Production in Thymus of Magnesium- Deficient Rats: Implications to Enhanced Thymus Involution and Immunity.- Magnesium Deficiency Enhances Immune Stress Response in Rats: A Cellular Approach.- Effect of Magnesium Administration on Proliferation and Differentiation of Lymphocytes.- X. Miscellaneous.- Magnesium Physiopathology. The Portugese Research.- A Comparative Study of Serum Mg++, Ca++, Cholesterol and Tryglycerides Levels during Total Intravenous Anaesthesia with Propofol Versus Thiopentone/N2O Anaesthesia.- Effects of Magnesium on Spermiogenesis.- Correlation between Human Semen Mg and Hydroxyl Radical Levels and Human Spermiogram.- The Effect of the Addition of Magnesium on the Weight Gain of Heifers and on Fertility Performance and Service Period of Heifers and Cows.- A New Method Development for the Mass Measurement of 26 29Mg and the Excited States Observation via the 12C(16O, 2p) 26Mg and 13C(18O, 2p) 29Mg Nuclear Heavy-Ion Reactions.- New data on the Scavenging Role of Preparation Tiomag in Antioxidant Therapy.- Effect of Mg Therapy on the outcome of Pregnancy in Certain Obstetric Diseases.- Protective Effects of Magnesium on Inner Ear Blood Flow in the Acoustic Trauma. Animal Studies.- Investigations on the Magnesium Status Marker in Humans. The Environmental Variability of the Magnesium Levels in the Hair, Plasma and Erythrocytes of School Children from Poland.- of Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, Copper and Iron in Hair of Children and the Young.- Serum Magnesium Evolution as Related to Treatment in Patients with Lung Cancer.- XI. Late Papers.- Magnesium and Atherogenesis.- Vascular Diseases and Ionized Magnesium.- Influence of Magnesium on the Essential Oil Production in Chamomile Cultures.- Author Index.


Objective: To trace ulnar never, median nerves and their targeted neurons by remote delivery of adenoviral vectors containing LacZ gene (AdLacZ). Method: AdLacZ were administrated to the proximal stumps of ulnar nerves or median nerves in Wistar rats and the transected nerves were repaired. At different time points post transfection, the spinal cord of C4-T2 and their corresponding DRGs and brachial plexus nerves were harvested and processed for X-gal staining. Result: The motor neurons of ventral horns of spinal cords and sensory neurons of DRGs were labeled by transgene product β-gal in C7-T1 segments transfected from ulnar nerve and C6—T1 segments transfected from median nerves. The corresponding neural roots and nerve trunks of transfected nerves were also labeled. The number of labeled neurons of ulnar nerves was different from that of median nerves. The labeled neurons and axons could not be observed after several weeks post transfection. Conclusion: LacZ gene mediated by Ad could specially target the motor and sensory neurons retrogradely and then label the axons of the ulnar and median nerves anterogradely. This gene delivery method renders this system particularly attractive for neuroanatomical tracing studies of brachial plexus nerves and might offer potentialities for gene therapy of peripheral nerve injury.


SUMMARY A case of gall-bladder stone located in the infundibulum zone and accidentally revealed during an abdominal ultrasonographyin a patient admitted to the hospital because of an abdominal pain. Ten days before, the patient had undergone an appendicitis operation and a six days treating of antibiotic (ceftriaxone) i.v.


Interaction of light with metallic nanostructures exhibit resonances specific to eigenmodes of collective electron motion known as plasmon modes. Both these resonances and effects of electromagnetic singularities lead to local field enhancement. Photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) was recently used to image the electrons photoemitted from these local effects. Here we report on a full PEEM spectral study of localized surface plasmons excited on nanoparticles. In particular, we show strong spectral similarities between the PEEM signal and optical extinction as a function of the incident wavelength, establishing the photoemission microscopy as a valuable tool for investigating the optical properties of metal nanoparticles.


Significance of the Research The Socio-Historical Context of Irish Immigration to the United States Research Design and Methodology Departure and Arrival: The Route to New York Irish Illegals in the New York Labor Market Immigrant Culture and Community Formation Identity and Ethnicity The Impact of Illegality: An Assessment Illegal Irish Immigration to the United States: Overview Epilogue Bibliography


A well-informed, practical assessment of the operational and policy problems and prospects of volunteer development organization expansion in West Africa based on case studies reflecting direct discussion with the most relevant governmental and VDO leaders during field visits to six representative West African countries in 1987. This book identifies the problems that threaten the needed mesh of private volunteer development work with the relevant governmental agencies in West Africa.


In this paper, I argue for the usefulness of the historical study of concepts for the understanding of relations between the arts and between the different disciplines of arts research. Discussion on concepts often focuses on precision: by careful definition and delimitation we make concepts into functional "tools" that are the result of a linear, teleological formation. Such streamlining often obscures from view the multiple, fragmentary origins of concepts and their transfer across disciplinary borders. Yet it is particularly the ambiguity and discursivity of concepts that renders them their cultural and critical relevance. Taking as an example the concept of burlesque, I demonstrate the role of concepts as sites of debate that retain their edge even when they become adapted to new contexts. The case of burlesque shows how interdisciplinarity begins "at home": much of the critical vocabulary that literary studies uses is not its own but shared with and shaped by other arts and disciplines.


Biological multicellular structures can not only self-generate from a single cell but also self-regenerate after damage. In this paper we investigate self-regeneration in a model of artificial development, Epigenetic Tracking. 3-dimensional cellular structures grown using our model reach a size and a level of complexity unmatched by other models in the field, thanks to several features of Epigenetic Tracking. One of these features is that only a small fraction of cells in the body, called drivers, orchestrate development. In this paper we use the mechanim for the generation of drivers based on the diffusion of morphogens as a foundation of several new mechanisms in Epigenetic Tracking, and show that these mechanisms allow for self-regeneration after removal of arbitrarily large portions of the multicellular body.


Antioxidant-rich fractions were extracted from sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) seeds using various solvents, including acetone, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, water and mixtures of different solvents, and analyzed for their phenolic components. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using a copper-catalyzed lecithin liposome oxidation assay. At 250 μg/mL concentration, the sea buckthorn seed extracts inhibited formation of conjugated diene hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) by 0-90% and 0-88.6%, respectively. 70% acetone extract showed the highest antioxidant activity. The extract also showed good reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging capacity. Proanthocyanidins were the predominating polyphenols while hydroxycinnamates and flavonols represent minor components in all extracts. Positive correlations were found between proanthocyanidin content and antioxidant activities of sea buckthorn seed extracts.


This text shows a theoretical analysis about how in animation, the tecnique is a complementary element in narrative. For its demonstration, it s shown an analysis about the history of animation, the evolution it has suffer over the years, some of the basic principles that defines it, and the steps that are needed for the production of any animated product. With it, and as a result of the theoretical part, there is shown the process of a personal product which corresponds to an adaptation of the known tale of the Grimm s brothers: Hansel and Gretel.


Dear Reader, Coronaviruses are a large family of zoonotic viruses, that is, the virus is transmitted from animals to humans. Although several common human coronaviruses are known, and usually lead upon infection to mild to moderate upper-respiratory tract illnesses, some coronaviruses cause epidemics. Severe Acute Respratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) erupted in February 2003 following transmission from civet cats to humans. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) surfaced in April 2012 following transmission from dromedary camels to humans. However, both these epidemics pale into insignificance in the context of the havoc currently being caused by an hitherto unknown coronavirus, now named as COVID-19 and which is first assumed to have started mid-December 2019 in Wuhan, China. It is strongly suspected that COVID-19 was transmitted from bats to humans.


The modification effect of β-cyclodextrin by dimethyl carbonate in the temperature range of 50 ℃ to 170 ℃ was systematically studied at atmospheric and high pressure respectively,using dimethyl carbonate as green modification reagent and anhydrous potassium carbonate as alkaline catalyst in N,N-dimethylformamide.The products were purified through preparative HPLC,and characterized by means of IR,ESI-MS,1HNMR and 13CNMR.The results show that methoxycarbonylation derivatives with low degree of substitution were prepared in the temperature range of 50 ℃ to 85 ℃;the methylation and methoxycarbonylation of β-cyclodextrin occurred simultaneously in the range of 90 ℃ to 140 ℃;when operating at the temperature from 160 ℃ to 170 ℃,and at the pressure of approximately 1.40 MPa,random methylated β-cyclodextrins with the substitution degree range of 7 to 9 were obtained with a high yield of 80% to 85%.


Study on the rheological properties of corn stover suspension treated by steam exploded and enzymatic hydrolysate using NDJ-79 type rotary viscometer.Results showed that apparent viscosity of corn stover suspension treated by steam exploded decreased along with the shear rate increasing,exhibited the properties of non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluid,the apparent viscosity datas were fitted by Power Law model and the regression coefficients exceeded 0.98.Further,the results demonstrated that apparent viscosity decreased along with the temperature increasing,the datas were fitted by Arrhenius Equation and the regression coefficients exceeded 0.94.apparent viscosity increased along with the substrate concentration rising,and presented the solving time dependent characteristic.The sugar degree of enzymatic hydrolysate increased gradually and the apparent viscosity decreased all the way in enzymatic hydrolysis process.


The aim of our study was to characterize the effect of P‐317, a novel cyclic derivative of morphiceptin, on gastrointestinal (GI) motility and abdominal pain in mouse models mimicking symptoms of diarrhoea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS‐D).


The effects of dl-propranolol, d-propranolol, and ICI 46037, a quaternary analog of propranolol, on the functional refractory period and conduction time of the atrioventricular transmission system were studied in anesthetized dogs. dl-Propranolol, 0.5 mg/kg, prolonged the functional refractory period, increased the conduction time, and reduced the maximum frequency of A-V transmission. Larger doses (5 mg/kg) produced only a small additional depression of A-V transmission. In contrast, neither d-propranolol nor ICI 46037, 0.5 mg/kg, depressed A-V transmission. Larger doses of both drugs prolonged both the functional refractory period and the conduction time, the magnitude of the response being quantitatively similar to that produced by increasing the dose of dl-propranolol from 0.5 mg/kg to 5 mg/kg. The intravenous administration of glucagon, 2 μg/kg, promptly restored normal A-V conduction in animals that had received dl- or d-propranolol, but was ineffective in those which had received ICI 46037. It was concluded that propranolol depresses A-V transmission by both specific (beta-receptor blockade) and nonspecific mechanisms, the former being the more important. In addition, it appears that glucagon is capable of reversing the cardiodepressant action of propranolol on A-V transmission, a finding which may have considerable clinical importance.


This work is concerned with formulating and validating a Lagrangian-Lagrangian (LL) approach for the simulation of fully resolved Fluid Solid/Structure Interaction (FSI) problems. In the proposed approach, the method of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is used to simulate the fluid dynamics in a Lagrangian framework. The solid phase is a general multibody dynamics system composed of a collection of interacting rigid and deformable objects. While the motion of arbitrarily shaped rigid objects is approached in a classical 3D rigid body dynamics framework, the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation (ANCF) is used to model the deformable components, thus enabling the investigation of compliant elements that experience large deformations with entangling and self-contact. The dynamics of the two phases, fluid and solid, are coupled with the help of Lagrangian markers, referred to as Boundary Condition Enforcing (BCE) markers used to impose no-slip and impenetrability conditions. The BCE markers, which are associated both with the solid suspended bodies and with any confining boundary walls, are distributed in a narrow layer on and below the surface of solid objects. The solid-solid interaction is known to have a crucial effect on the small-scale behavior of fluid-solid mixtures. The dry encounter of solid surfaces is resolved herein through a penalty based approach. However, using this model for the short range interaction of solid surfaces in fluid media does not follow the real physics of wet interaction. To accommodate this, a lubrication force model consistent with SPH is adopted herein to capture the short range interaction of arbitrary shapes in fluid. The ensuing fluid-solid interaction forces are mapped into generalized forces on the rigid and flexible bodies and subsequently used to update the dynamics of the solid objects according to the rigid or flexible body motion. The software implementation of the proposed LL approach is used to investigate the twoand three-dimensional (2D, 3D) pipe flow of dilute suspensions of macroscopic neutrally buoyant rigid


DISEASES OF CHILDREN. .Dn. PAUL GABToU has written an interesting little book on Coryza.in newborn infants with congenital syphilis.' As he states, coryza is one of the earliest and most constant of the symptoms, and its value from a diagnostic view is admittedly great; but Dr. Gastou claims, further, that the symptom has animportance of its own, and that many serious complications and.even occasionally death itself, are directly due to A&Ieasal condition. He; rightly calls attention to the fact, wich is overlooked in many textbooks, that severe interrenee& with both, uction and respiration may arise from seondItionof coryzabeforethere is anyvisible dischargefrom the anterior nares. In such cases there are swelling and tmefaction in the posterior nares, and careful inspection by the mouth will often reveal the specific discharge clinging to thawall of the pharynx. Dr. Gaetou distinguishes five forms of.aoryza, and names them either from the sites of the lesion en the-effects it preduees. Such a division seems somewhat fZncifnl. It is, moreover, unnecessary, provided it be remembered that coryza can exist without visible external disaharge, and that it can give rise to a variety of retropharyngeal abscess and to the difficulties of deglutition and repiration, before mentioned, which in their turn may be followed by cyanosis and other signs of acute suffocation. The author's last form of coryza, septicaemic rhino-pharyngitis, is even further elaboratedinto three distinctaubdivisions-acute, subacute, and chronic. There is an appalling list given of newaly fifty complications of coryza, ranging from skin affectiom to spasm: of the glottis, visceral hypertrophies, adenoid vegetatons, meningitis, encephalitis, and sudden death. It may be said, however, that most would regard the majority of sWno complications as due to the general complaint, of which the coryza itself is only a part. The author is such an enthusiast on his theme that, to prevent the entrance of harmful orgaisms, to the infantile nares, he advocates a rigorous steilization of the mother's vagina, not only during parturition, but even during pregnancy. Where syphilis is suspected and coryza in the infant a future possibility, one might agree with him in submitting the child to a mercurial course from its birth; but wheter a corresponding early local treatment of the nares, to prevent the advent of coryza, is advisable is at 1east open to doubt. The mercurial coure would be sufficient in itself in most instances. When the stenosis of the nares from coryza is extreme, Dr. Gastou recommends the passage of a stylet, guarded at the point with a pledget of antiseptic wool, followed by various mercurial and antiseptic measures. Nasal obstruction so extreme as to need the passage of such a stylet must be exceedingly exceptional, and the soaking and removal of the crusts by some alkaline application, followed by, paiting the nares with a mild preparation of oleate of mercury, will suffice for the local trouble in the vast majority of cases. Dr. Gastou may be right in his contention that the loe0condaitions of, the nose in inherited syphilis have not received adequate consideration. His little work is interesting and well written, and will repay careful perusal.


The leading terms in the tree-level effective action for the massless fields of the bosonic open string are calculated by integrating out all massive fields in Witten's cubic string field theory. In both the abelian and nonabelian theories, field redefinitions make it possible to express the effective action in terms of the conventional field strength. The resulting actions reproduce the leading terms in the abelian and nonabelian Born-Infeld theories. In principle this method can be used to systematically determine all terms in the abelian and nonabelian actions, including all higher-order derivative terms.


Objective To investigate the efficacy,safety and nursing of colonoscopy in the treatment of the elderly colorectal lipoma.Methods The clinical data of 8 elderly patients with colorectal lipoma who received colonoscopy treatment was retrospectively analyzed.Results All of the patients received electrocoagulation resection under colonoscopy.Two patients had wound oozing,which was stopped by using the argon beam coagulator.One patient had late-onset hematochezia on day 8 after the operation.Hemostasis was successful with colon endoscopic metal titanium clamp.No perforation and other serious complications and death were observed with a cure rate of 100%.Conclusion Colonoscopy is safe and effective in treating elderly patients with colorectal lipoma with less trauma,fewer complications,and simple and convenient operations.Careful preoperative preparation,accurate and rapid intraoperative cooperation and monitoring,and improved postoperative nursing is key to a successful treatment.


The purpose of this study was to determine gravity's role in accelerated running using an experienced male Pose® and heel-toe runner as a comparison. A two-step accelerated run found that maximum horizontal acceleration of the centre of mass (COM) occurred before maximum horizontal ground reaction force (GRF). Maximum horizontal and angular acceleration of the arms and trunk occurred at or before maximum horizontal acceleration of the COM. At maximum horizontal GRF both participants' stance feet were vertically accelerated. It is suggested that acceleration of the COM occurs via a gravitational torque with GRF being the consequence of, not the cause of these movements. Therefore, practitioners might find this novel perspective helpful when applied to accelerated running.


Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield and financial returns are often low for smallholder farmers in Ghana. Additionally, aflatoxin concentration in foods derived from peanut can be high enough to adversely affect human health. Eight experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in northern Ghana to compare yield, financial returns, pest reaction, and aflatoxin contamination at harvest with traditional farmer versus improved practices. Relative to the farmer practice, the improved practice consisted of weeding one extra time, applying local potassium-based soaps to suppress arthropods and pathogens, and application of either homogenized oyster shells or a commercial blend of fertilizer containing calcium. Each of these field treatments were followed by either drying peanut on the soil surface and storing in traditional poly bags or drying peanut on tarps and storing in hermetically-sealed bags for 4 months. Peanut yield and financial returns were significantly greater when a commercial blend of fertilizer or oyster shells were applied compared to the farmer practice of not applying any fertilizer. Yield and financial returns were greater when a commercial fertilizer blend was applied compared with oyster shells. Severity of early leaf spot [caused by Passalora arachidicola (Hori) U. Braun] and late leaf spot [caused by Nothopassalora personata (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous], scarring and penetration of pods by arthropods, and the number of arthropods at harvest were higher for the farmer practice than for either fertility treatment; no difference was noted when comparing across fertility treatments. Less aflatoxin was observed for both improved practices in the field compared with the farmer practice. Drying peanut on tarps resulted in less aflatoxin compared to drying peanut on the ground regardless of treatments in the field. Aflatoxin concentration after storage was similar when comparing post-harvest treatments of drying on soil surface and storing in poly bags vs. drying on tarps and storing in hermetically-sealed bags. These results demonstrate that substantial financial gain can be realized when management in the field is increased compared with the traditional farmer practice. While aflatoxin concentrations differed between the farmer practice and the improved practices at harvest and after drying, these differences did not translate into differences after storage.


Objective To explore the effect of clinical nursing pathway on the patients with enterostomy.Methods Totals of 36 patients with enterostomy were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,and the experimental group received the nursing of the clinical nursing pathway while the control group received the routine nursing.The complications of enterpstomy,the patient satisfaction,the average hospitalization days and the expenses were observed and compared between two groups.Results There was significantly difference between experimental group and control group in the complication rate (0% vs 27.77% ),the length of the mean hospitalization ( 16.12 ± 5.46 d vs 21.18 ± 4.88 d),and the expenses (20325.68 ±5676) vs (22348.18 ±4 479.90),(x2 =4.587 8,t =-2.88,-3.372,respectively;P <0.05 ).Patients' satisfaction of experimental group (94.44%) was significantly higher than that of control group (55.55%),( x2 =7.251 7,P < 0.05 ).Conclusions The application of clinical nursing pathway can reduce the complications of enterostomy and patients' sufferings,shorten the mean hospitalization,reduce the expenses,improve the nursing quality and patients' satisfaction.

Key words:
Clinical nursing pathway;  Enterostomy


Let Ω be a bounded, uniformly totally pseudoconvex domain in C with the smooth boundary bΩ. Assuming that Ω satisfies the negative ∂̄ property. Let M be a positive, finite area divisor of Ω. In this paper, we will prove that: if Ω admits a maximal type F and the Čeck cohomology class of the second order vanishes in Ω, there is a bounded holomorphic function in Ω such that its zero set is M . The proof is based on the method given by Shaw [27].


Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCs) are anthropogenic compounds found in trace amounts in many environ-mental compartments far from areas of production. Along with the highly persistent nature of PFCs, there are increasing concerns over the potential adverse effects of them on the ecosystems. Most of highly fluorinated compounds degrade into PFOS and PFOA that are very stable compounds hard to break down. So, in this study, we tried to determine the toxicity of PFOS and PFOA in the terrestrial invertebrate. Acute toxicity test using earthworm, Eisenia fetida, was performed according to the OECD test guideline 207 (Earthworm, Acute Toxicity Tests). In the 14 day acute toxicity tests, the highest concentration causing no mortality and the lowest concentration causing 100% mortality of PFOS were 160 and 655㎎/㎏ (dry weight), respectively. And the highest concentration causing no mortality and the lowest concentration causing 100% mortality were 500 and 1,690 ㎎/㎏ (dry weight), respectively in the PFOA-exposure group. 14 day-LC?? values were estimated at the level of 365 and 1,000 ㎎/㎏ (dry weight) in the PFOS and PFOA-exposed group. These results indicate that under laboratory conditions PFOS is about 3 times more toxic to earthworms than PFOA. Based on known environmental concentrations of PFOS in the soil of Korea, which occur in the 0.42-0.73ng/l range, there is no apparent risk to terrestrial invertebrate, earthworms. However, further work is required to investigate long-term effects on these and other terrestrial organisms.


Objective To reveal the tendency in OSA research over the past 10 years through a bibliometic approach.Methods Web of Science database as search object,use Microsoft Office Excel 2007 software to carry out statistical analysis separately from the OSA study of country,institution and the author's published articles,citations and research focus of OSA.Results The output.of OSA research literature within the statistic increase steadily.Independent research in OSA was in the mainstream,international cooperation need to be strengthened.Research in developed country was still in the lead.Continuous positive airway pressure,polysomnography,obesity,hypertension,upper respiratory tract,hypoxia,children,tonsils,blood pressure,quality of life,lethargy,nasal continuous positive airway pressure were the OSA focus in recent years.OSA research in China had a substantial increase in research output,but the overall level had still some gap to the international advanced level.Conclusion As the emphasis and increase of research investment,OSA in recent years has been a hot topic in medical research.OSA research of China in recent years has developed rapidly,but has not reached the international advanced level.


East Asian Languages, particularly Korean, Japanese, and Chinese have become popular and major languages along with English in Thailand, since there increases international trade and investment between Thailand and such languages used countries. To serve business purposes, the needs of Thais, who can communicate fluently in such languages with the natives, have been increasing. There are many educational institutions in both private and governmental sectors that provide Asian languages teaching programs in Thailand. However, maintaining a supply of teaching to timely meet a demand of learning is facing some difficulties. We partially analyze the demand and supply for this situation in Thailand by giving the Asian Languages Teaching Program of the Institute of East Asian Studies, Thammasat University, Thailand, as a case study. We point out the causes of problems that the supply cannot timely meet the demand and provide some meaningful solutions.


A series of polyurethane elastomers with a (A{BC}m)n type of structure have been prepared and characterized based on poly(propylene glycol) modified poly(ethylene ether carbonate) polyols, where the poly(propylene glycol) content and block length were varied systematically. Strength and modulus properties showed a marked dependence on modifier level and exhibited synergistic property improvements at 25–50 wt % modifier, relative to both unmodified poly(ethylene ether carbonate) diol and poly(propylene glycol) controls. DMA results indicated an increased modulus for the modified plaques throughout the rubbery plateau region, with higher thermal dissociation temperatures. Excellent organic solvent resistance was maintained with 25–50 wt % poly(propylene glycol) modification in the soft segment. Chemical structure of the polyurethane elastomers was established by proton and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The morphology of these modified polyurethanes appears to be quite complex. Since the modified soft segments are block copolymers of blocks with a tendency toward immiscibility, some microphase separation within the soft segment domains of the polyurethane polymers might be expected. The soft segment Tg is highest where properties are maximized, suggesting changes in phase mixing. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


1 2 Impact of Changing Preferential Tax Rate Conditions on Czech Real Estate Investment Funds This article examines the impact of an amendment to the Income Tax Act that aimed to prevent the so-called real estate funds, whose activities bear the characteristics of ordinary business activities, from applying a preferential tax rate. Only funds whose shares are publicly traded and have the required shareholder structure could newly apply this rate. In response to the legal amendment, several real estate funds have become regular joint stock companies. Funds motivated to maintain a preferential tax rate had their securities admitted to trading. However, it was only a formal fulfilment of the conditions of the law, as the average number of shareholders controlling these funds did not change. For several funds, the shareholder structure has also changed so that they can continue to apply a preferential tax rate. In addition, most of the funds that do not meet the conditions of the Act have manipulated the length of the accounting period by purposeful transformations (mergers, divisions, etc.) in order to postpone the application of the amended wording of the Act and thus gain time for an appropriate response.


Abstract : Over the past fifty years, numerous studies have been performed to determine the health effects of exposure to organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents. The traditional approaches to determine OP exposure are invasive (e.g. require blood samples) laboratory-based assays that are not ideal for rapid, reliable testing in the event of a mass exposure scenario. However, advances in biomarker discovery make it possible to develop a less invasive, more expedient assay. The active hair follicle bulb expresses a large number of proteins, is easily accessible, and is an excellent candidate from which to assess biomarkers. In this report, we describe a novel immunohistochemistry (IHC) method developed for this initial hair follicle investigation, as well as the initial work completed to determine the presence of fifteen potential protein OP agent exposure biomarkers in the rat whisker follicle bulb. Each potential biomarker protein was chosen because of its change in expression in non-hair follicle tissue following exposure to pesticides and/or OP nerve agents. Using Western blotting, the expression of these proteins was verified in the rat whisker follicle bulb. Following verification in the digested hair follicle intact whole-hair IHC was performed to determine protein expression levels in the intact whisker follicle bulb.


Abstinence-only education is ineffective and unethical, according to a new position paper, but is still the primary method of sexual education used in many parts of the country.


As avian veterinarians, we are often limited in the choice of medications available to treat our patients. Very few medications are labeled for use in exotic pets, and some species may tolerate only certain classes of drugs. Furthermore, the rapid metabolism of many of our bird patients necessitates more frequent dosing of several medications in these animals as compared with their small mammal counterparts, and such frequent dosing often makes the use of these drugs in birds impractical for clients. Add to this list of complications the fact that most medications for exotic species must be compounded into liquids for easy administration, and the drugs available for exotic pets are limited even further. Given these difficulties in medicating birds and other exotic species, we often have only 1 or 2 drug choices for treating an illness in an exotic patient, and commonly, one of these choices may be a parenterally administered drug. We, as veterinarians, are then forced to consider both the bird's demeanor and the potential skill of its owner in injecting this bird, in deciding whether we should send the owner home with parenterally administered drugs. While injectable drugs may sometimes be best for treating a particular bird's condition, certain owners may be uncomfortable administering such medications to their pets. In addition, the health of some owners (ie, chronically ill or immunosuppressed individuals or chemotherapy patients) may make their handling of injectable medications, with which they might inadvertently stick themselves, unwise. Given the litigious society we live in and the potential risk of injury to both the client and pet from an improperly administered injectable drug, the circumstances surrounding the dispensing of parenterally administered drugs must be carefully considered on a caseby-case basis before these drugs are sent home with clients. The goal of this Round Table Discussion is to explore the experiences avian practitioners have had in dispensing vaccines or other parenterally administered drugs to clients for home use. To this end, I have invited 4 practitioners who regularly see avian and exotic patients to share their thoughts. The participants are Heather Wilson, DVM, Dipl ABVP (Avian), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Michael Lutz, DVM, West Meade Veterinary Clinic, Nashville, TN, USA; David Phalen, DVM, PhD, Dipl ABVP (Avian), Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Center, College Station, TX, USA; and Greg Rich, DVM, West Esplanade Veterinary Clinic and Bird Hospital, Metairie, LA, USA. I hope this discussion will enlighten us to both the benefits and risks associated with dispensing parenterally administered drugs for use in birds at home.


A dynamic source effect that accelerates the expansion of laser-ablated material in the direction perpendicular to the target is demonstrated. A self-similar theory shows that the maximum expansion velocity is proportional to {ital c}{sub {ital s}}/{alpha}, where 1{minus}{alpha} is the slope of the velocity profile and {ital c}{sub {ital s}} is the sound speed. Numerical hydrodynamic modeling is in good agreement with the theory. A dynamic partial ionization effect is also studied. With these effects, {alpha} is reduced and the maximum expansion velocity is significantly increased over that found from conventional models. {copyright} {ital 1995 The American Physical Society.}


Let H,,(q) be the Iwahori-Hecke algebra of the symmetric group S,,. Let F, be a finite field with y elements and let B be the Bore1 subgroup of upper triangular matrices in the general linear group G = GL,(F,). Let 1: denote the trivial representation of B induced to G. Then H,,(q) has a natural action on 1; that commutes with the G-action, and we define the bitrace btr(g, a) to be the trace of g E G and a E H,(q) acting simultaneously in lg. For partitions, p, v of n, let Tw be a standard basis element of H,,(q) corresponding to the S,-conjugacy class p, and let u, be a unipotent element of G with Jordan block structure V. We give a combinatorial formula for btr(u,, Tp) as a weighted sum of column strict tableaux of shape v and content p. This bitrace also essentially counts Ifs-rational points in the intersection of a conjugacy class with a Schubert cell, provides a new proof of the Frobenius formula for characters of H,(q), and gives a natural pairing between the conjugacy classes of S, and the unipotent classes in G. 0. INTRODUCTION Motivation for this paper In the original work of Frobenius, where he determined the irreducible characters of the symmetric groups, one of the key features was a formula 'Research supported in part by National Science Foundation grant DMS-9622985, a Postdoctoral Fellowship at Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and an Australian Research Council Fellowship.


The infection of grape white rot resulted in an increase in phenylalanine ammonia lyase activities of resistant and moderate resistant cultivars,but on the contrary to susceptible cultivars.After inoculation of Coniella diplodiella(speg.)PetrakSydow,PPO activitives of reˉsistant cultivars was markably increased and kept high activities for a long time,but PPO activities of moderate resistant and susceptible cultiˉvars increased or had a little change.SOD activity in resistant cultivars was lower than that of susceptible cultivars.After inoculation,SOD acˉtivity in resistant cultivars increased sharply,however,there was no change in that of susceptible cultivars.


THE ESTIMATION of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase* activity in the serum has become a valuable aid in the diagnosis of diseases involving necrosis of tissue especially rich in this enzyme.ls2 It is thought that the cells of such tissue, when disrupted, release transaminase (and other enzymes) into the blood. Whatever the mechanism of liberation, this increase over the normal serum level can be readily determined. The magnitude of transaminase activity has been shown to correlate with the amount of cellular necr~sis .~ This enzymatic determination has found its greatest applicability in the diagnosis and prognosis of myocardial infar~t ion.~.~ It has been useful in the evaluation of liver disease, particularly in the early stages of hepatitis.6 Both the heart and liver are organs containing abundant transaminase. The brain ranks with both of these in its transaminase content.? Therefore, it was considered probable that necrosis of brain tissue, as exemplified by infarction, would release significant quantities of intracellular enzymes, among these transaminase, into the serum and the cerebrospinal fluid. This hypothesis has been tested in preliminary clinical studies a t this hospital,R as well as in an experimental project by Wakim and Fleisher.@ Cerebral infarctions resulted in significant increases of transaminase activity in the spinal fluid clinically and experimentally. Wakim and Fleisher found smaller and inconstant elevations of serum activity in dogs, while patients examined at this institution failed to show serum changes. The purpose of this paper is to extend and amplify these observations in clinical cerebral infarctions and, by surveying other neurologic diseases, to evaluate the role of the estimation of spinal fluid transaminase activity in differential diagnosis. This is a report of significant transaminase data obtained from some 400 cerebrospinal fluid analyses.


In this paper we address a pressing issue on the contemporary political agenda: Is justice for sale? The implications of such a relationship between campaign contributions and judicial decisions, if it exists, merit a thorough empirical investigation regarding the existence of quid pro quo exchanges between judges and their campaign contributors. We examine decisions by judges on both nonpartisan (Nevada) and partisan (Michigan, Texas) supreme courts in the 2005 term. While we do not find any evidence of a relationship between contributions and the votes of judges in Nevada, it does appear that there is a quid pro quo relationship between contributors and votes in Michigan and Texas. Using an instrumental variables probit model, we are able to control for the endogeneity between contributions and votes and thus can conclude that contributions drive judicial votes, and not the other way around. While we only examine three states and one year here, the results suggest that there may be circumstances where the appearance of impropriety surrounding campaign contributions and judicial decisionmaking may be an empirical reality.


This evaluation research aimed to develop nurses' competency on screening and helping women who had experienced intimate partner violence (IPV). Seventeen registered nurses attended a 2-day trainingworkshop on IPV screening, warning signs, and counseling techniques for abused women. After the training the nurses were expected to apply knowledge in the care of abused women, and to screen women for abuse by using the Abuse Indicators, and the IPV Interview form. All participated nurses' evaluated on their knowledge and attitudes toward the care of abused women before and after the training, and a 3-month follow up was conducted. Results showed that all 17 nurses had a statistically significant increase in knowledge (t = -2.46, P < 0.05) and attitudes (t= -3.37, P < 0.01) toward the care of abuse women. After 3 months, 3 participants practice on screening and helping process, 3 participants used counseling, 11 participants did not screen but they thought it is necessary as their routine care still be the first priority to do.


Androgens regulate sexual differentiation in the fetus and at pubert y. They exert action on nonsexual organs as well and also seem to possess a psychological component in their ability to affect aspects of male behavior. A synopsis of the pharmacology of androgens is presented. Summary material includes: biosynthesis and other chemical aspects of androgens metabolism and excretion androgen binding and androgen receptors biochemical actions biochemical changes observed in male sex hormone-dependent organs following administration of androgens therapeutic uses of androgens (exploiting the androgen-estrogen antagonism) toxicity of androgens pharmacological preparations and agents capable of antagonizing the actions of testosterone or close derivatives and inhibiting spermatogenesis.


Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is one of the reactive hyperplastic lesions of the oral cavity, which originates from the periosteum or periodontal membrane following local irritation or chronic trauma. It manifests as a firm nodule or a sessile or pedunculated mass. Hereby, we present a case report of PGCG in a 10 year old male patient in the lower left posterior teeth region.


— This paper analyzes multi-step-ahead spectrum prediction for Cognitive Radio (CR) systems using several future states. A slot-based scenario is used, and prediction is based on the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. The aim is to determine whether multi-step-ahead spectrum prediction has gains in terms of reduced channel-switching and increased network throughput compared with short-term prediction. The system model is simulated in software using an exponential on-off distribution for primary-user traffic. A classical energy detector is used to perform sensing. With the help of simplifications, we present new closed-form expressions for the detection probability under AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels which allows the appropriate number of samples for these scenarios to be found. The performance of the proposed predictor is thoroughly assessed in these scenarios. The SVM algorithm had low prediction error rates, and multi-step-ahead idle-channel scheduling resulted in a reduction in channel switching by the SU of up to 51%. An increase in throughput of approximately 4% was observed for multi-step-ahead prediction with three future states. The results also show channel-switching savings can be achieved in a CR network with the proposed approach.


Summary

The equine paranasal sinuses are air filled cavities of uncertain function that are susceptible to inflammation, usually associated with bacterial infection. A common feature of most types of sinusitis is the accumulation of exudate within the affected sinus and subsequent ipsilateral nasal discharge. Equine sinusitis can have a variety of causes, including primary sinusitis following upper respiratory tract infections, and secondary sinusitis caused by dental infections, intrasinus benign and malignant growths and head trauma.


—This research is proposed to find out the relation between the underwater length and the swimming speed of 50 meters backstroke. It used a descriptive research method. The instrument of this research is for measuring the variable which in a form of index text. Video shooting by the camera (DSLR) is done in the needs of underwater length data retrieval. The camera is placed on three different position, such as 5 meters, 10 meters, and 15 meters from the start blocks. The population in this research is 120 swimmers. They are the participants of 50 meters backstroke event in Province Olympic Swimming Championship, which are consists of female and boys age group 1(15-16 years old), age group 2 (13-14 years old), and age group 3 (12-13 years old). Based on the research result, data processing and data analytics, the conclusion of this research is: There is a firm relation between the underwater length and the swimming speed of 50 meters backstroke. By doing the underwater to the maximum, it is not only can reduce the swimming distance of the swimmer, but also can improve the swimmer swimming speed.


This study investigated wheat crop area, production, and yield in Uttar Pradesh. Wheat crop data from 1990-91 to 2019-20 were obtained. Compound growth rate and trend analysis show that wheat crop area has reduced due to shift of rabi crops. The growth in Uttar Pradesh's per-hectare yield boosted wheat production from 1990-91 to 2019-20. The methods were calculated indicate use of semi log trend function and Johansen cointegration results, which reveal that number of irrigations affects wheat production. The study founds that cropping intensity, fertilizer, and transportation positively affected wheat production.


An analysis on the damped quantum search by exploring the rate at which the target state is obtained. The results were compared with that of the classical search since the standard Grover's algorithm does not give a convergent result if the number of target state is unknown. For a large number of target states, the classical and the damped quantum search give a similar result. However, for intermediate values of the target size the damped quantum search gives a higher probability of success than the classical search. Furthermore, we also made an analysis on the average number of iterations needed to obtain at least one of the target states. As the number of target states is reduced, the damped quantum search gives a better result than the classical search. The results coincide if the size of target state is comparable to the size of the sample.


One of the most difficult problems with developing scalable artificial intelligence (AI) is tracking technical innovation. As such, this research will provide empirical data relating to patents with legal claims to state of the art in AI technologies, reinforcement learning. A keystone architecture in the machine learning paradigm, reinforcement learning technologies power trading algorithms, driverless cars, and space satellites.

In competitive global markets, owning and protecting legal rights to reinforcement learning technologies may mean the difference between market dominance and irrelevance for the transatlantic firm. Aggregating patent data for reinforcement learning technologies from both the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and the European Patent Office (EPO), this research offers a transatlantic perspective on reinforcement learning innovation and intellectual property protections.