Depending on literature,case study,mathematical statistics and city marketing theory,the paper takes the Beijing Olympic Games for example to conduct an empirical research on the marketing of the Olympic cities,the purpose which is to examine the specific effect of the Olympic city marketing.The research results indicate that by hosting the Olympic Games,Beijing has improved significantly in both investment and talents.However,obvious growth is not witnessed in tourism in Beijing,with an average annual revenue growth rate only changing from 12.28% before the bid to 13.25% after the bid.Accordingly,this paper puts forward some suggestions for the future of the Olympic hosting cities.


This paper improves on the classical results in uncondition- ally secure multi-party computation among a set of n players, by consid- ering a model with three simultaneously occurring types of player cor- ruption: the adversary can actively corrupt (i.e. take full control over) up to ta players and, additionally, can passively corrupt (i.e. read the entire information of) up to tp players and fail-corrupt (i.e. stop the compu- tation of) up to tf other players. The classical results in multi-party computation are for the special cases of only passive (ta = tf =0 ) or only active (tp = tf = 0) corruption. In the passive case, every function can be computed securely if and only if tp <n = 2. In the active case, every function can be computed securely if and only if ta <n =3; when a broadcast channel is available, then this bound is ta <n =2. These bounds are tight. Strictly improving these results, one of our results states that, in addi- tion to tolerating ta <n =3 actively corrupted players, privacy can be guaranteed against every minority, thus tolerating additional tp n=6 passively corrupted players. These protocols require no broadcast and have an exponentially small failure probability. We further show that the bound t<n =2 for passive corruption holds even if the adversary is additionally allowed to make the passively corrupted players fail. Moreover, we characterize completely the achievable thresholds ta, tp and tf for four scenarios. Zero failure probability is achievable if and only if 3ta +2 tp + tf <n ; this holds whether or not a broadcast chan- nel is available. Exponentially small failure probability with a broadcast channel is achievable if and only if 2ta +2 tp +tf <n ; without broadcast, the additional condition 3ta + tf <n is necessary and sucient. In this corrected version, an error pointed out by Damg ard (Dam99) is corrected.


A greenhouse is an important land-use type, which can effectively improve agricultural production conditions and increase crop yields. It is of great significance to obtain the spatial distribution data of greenhouses quickly and accurately for regional agricultural production and food security. Based on the Google Earth Engine cloud platform and Landsat 8 images, this study selected a total of 18 indicators from three aspects of spectral features, texture features and terrain features to construct greenhouse identification features. From a variety of classification algorithms for remote-sensing recognition of greenhouses, this study selected three classifiers with higher accuracy (classification and regression trees (CART), random forest model (randomForest) and maximum entropy model (gmoMaxEnt)) to construct an integrated classification algorithm, and then extracted the spatial distribution data of greenhouses in Jiangsu Province. The results show that: (1) Google Earth Engine with its own massive data and cloud computing capabilities, combined with integrated classification algorithms, can achieve rapid remote-sensing mapping of large-scale greenhouses under complex terrain, and the classification accuracy is higher than that of a single classification algorithm. (2) The combination of different spectral, texture and terrain features has a greater impact on the extraction of regional greenhouses, the combination of all three aspects of features has the highest accuracy. Spectral features are the key factors for greenhouse remote-sensing mapping, but terrain and texture features can also enhance classification accuracy. (3) The greenhouse in Jiangsu Province has significant spatial differentiation and spatial agglomeration characteristics. The most widely distributed greenhouses are mainly concentrated in the agriculturally developed areas such as Dongtai City, Hai'an County, Rudong County and Pizhou City.


The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in emergency remote teaching taking place globally. Despite the abrupt and rapid transition as well as the temporary nature of emergency remote teaching, it is possible to implement quality online teaching. Instructors can benefit from a review of findings and strategies found in online learning literature. This chapter discusses the challenges of emergency remote teaching and recommends suitable teaching strategies that can be quickly implemented by instructors. The focus is on strategies that can help to engage students by promoting learner-content interaction, learner-instructor interaction, and learner-learner interaction. This chapter also discusses strategies that can build a community of inquiry during emergency remote teaching. Future research directions are proposed.


OBJECTIVE
To avoid the pitfalls of choledochotomy with T-tube drainage in the treatment of choledocholith.

METHODS
A novel operation was designed as cholecysto-choledochostomy plus construction of subcutaneous cholecystic tunnel. After the common bile duct was cut open and stones were removed, the gallbladder was appropriately dissociated and the cholecystic ampulla was incised. Then, the incision of the cholecystic ampulla was anastomosed to the opened common bile duct, and the cholecystic fundus was fixed out of the abdominal muscular stratum.

RESULTS
Twenty-one patients with choledocholith underwent this operation successfully and recovered well without postoperative complications. One of them was diagnosed as having recurrent stones in 2 years and 3 months after operation. Consequently, the subcutaneous cholecystic tunnel was opened under local anesthesia to remove successfully the stones with choledochoscope.

CONCLUSION
This operation provides a convenient way to remove postoperative recurrent stones with choledochoscope and avoid receliotomy.


We want to thank the reviewers for their suggestions regarding our manuscript. Below, please find a point-by-point response to the comments of the reviewers. We still believe that our findings are of interest for the readers of BMC Cancer, because to our best knowledge, this is the first report investigating the role of WDR66 in esophageal cancer development and progression. This article can improve our understanding of the biology of ESCC, and thereby identify goals for further investigation of selective targeting of WDR66 as a novel strategy for ESCC treatment. I certify that this manuscript, or any part of it, has not been published and will not be submitted elsewhere for publication while being considered by BMC Cancer. Thank you for your time and consideration. I look forward to hearing from you. Level of interest: An article of outstanding merit and interest in its field Quality of written English: Needs some language corrections before being published Statistical review: No, the manuscript does not need to be seen by a statistician. Comments to the editor The authors described the clinical significance of WDR66 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). WDR66 was identified by microarray analysis of ESCC and normal squamous cell, and the expression was associated with poor prognosis in clinical ESCC patients and proliferation and invasion in ESCC cell lines. Moreover, WDR66 was related with EMT related genes. This report is very intriguing and will meet the criteria of this journal, and should be published soon. We raised several points to improve the contents. Comments to the author The authors described the clinical significance of WDR66 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). WDR66 was identified by microarray analysis of ESCC and normal squamous cell, and the expression was associated with poor prognosis in clinical ESCC patients and proliferation and invasion in ESCC cell lines. Moreover, WDR66 was related with EMT related genes. This report is intriguing and will meet the criteria of this journal. There are still several points that should to be addressed prior to publication of the manuscript in this journal. Queries Abstract section: 1. Please describe the sample number for microarray and clinical samples. 2. Off course, EMT is known to be associated with cancer metastasis, invasion, and cancer stem cell. However, authors may overstate the correlation of WDR66 and ESCC carcionogenesis in conclusion. Please change " esophageal squamous cell carcinogenesis as a positive …. " to …


In a 100 cycle test at 0.5 C-rate a negative electrode formed of micro-sized Sn0.9Se0.1 particles retains a specific capacity of 500 mA h g−1 with a coulombic efficiency of 99.6%. In contrast, a control electrode made with pure Sn retains only a 200 mA h g−1 capacity with a 98.7% efficiency. The improvement in electrochemical performance of the Sn/Se alloy is attributed to the reduced inactive Se-phase preventing agglomeration of Sn to a size susceptible to particle fracture. The Sn/Se alloy particles are manufacturable, being made by melting the 9:1 atomic ratio mixture of Sn and Se, quenching and jet-milling.


An Escherichia coli gene located in the enterobactin gene cluster between fepB and entE was sequenced. The nucleotide sequence showed a 53% similarity to those of the related genes pabB and trpE; at the amino acid level, the homology was approximately 20%. The pabB and trpE genes encode enzymes that use chorismate as a substrate suggesting that the gene sequenced here is entC,. whose cognate protein is isochorismate synthase. A binding site for the iron regulatory protein Fur was found upstream from entC and only 9 bp separated entC from entE, indicating that entCE are cotranscribed.


Hydroamination of 1-phenyl-3-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indol-2-yl)prop-2-yn-1-ones with secondary dialkylamines proceeds under mild conditions (room temperature, aqueous ethanol, 1 h) to afford the corresponding (2E)-3-dialkylamino-3-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indol-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-ones in 72-92% stereoselectivity and 64-88% yield. Under the same conditions, ethyl 3-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indol-2-yl)prop-2-ynoates react with dimethylamine and diethylamine in different ways; dimethylamine converts the ester function into an amide, giving the corresponding N,N-dimethyl-3-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-indol-2-yl)prop-2-ynamides in 70-86% yield, whereas diethylamine adds to the triple bond to give the corresponding ethyl 3-(diethylamino)-3-(4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H indol-2-yl)prop-2-enoates with ∼100% stereoselectivity and up to 85% yield. The difference in the reactivity of the two amines can be rationalized in terms of steric hindrance.


A new species of bioluminescent loliginid is described from the Mozambique Channel. The animals mature at a small size (mantle length 61 and 83 mm in males and females respectively) and are apparently close to Uroteuthis pickfordae from Indonesia. They differ consistently, however, in details of sucker dentition, hectocotylus morphology (relative length of modified distal part of arm 35- 65% AL IV, 13-16 pairs of proximal suckers, proximal papillae elongate conical) and relative fin, arm and club lengths (39-46%, 19-41% and 18-28% ML, respectively). The presence in the holotype and paratype of U. pickfordae of light organs on the ink sac, and its affiliation with Uroteuthis (Photololigo), is confirmed.


This paper presents the main technology parameters,structure features and key technology of 12 kVA auxiliary transformer used for 300km/h EMU.


In a general sense, the peak-valley time of use (TOU) price only focuses on peak shaving and valley filling without taking account of user satisfaction. An optimization model of TOU price based on demand response and user satisfaction is proposed in this paper to address this problem. First, a user demand response model is constructed based on consumer psychology, and corresponding modification methods are proposed to make the constructed model better reflect the user's actual response to electricity price. Second, a mathematical model of TOU price is formulated based on the goal of peak shaving and valley filling and the user satisfaction model, with constraints to make optimal price results reasonable. Then, the particle swarm optimization algorithm used to solve the optimal electricity price is improved, and its better performance is verified by comparing it with other improved algorithms. Finally, the TOU price optimization model is simulated with real historic data. The case study results show that the proposed model not only realizes the effect of peak shaving and valley filling, but also accounts for user satisfaction. Therefore, it can be conducive to tapping users' potential and promoting more effective TOU pricing.


In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm that finds disjoint paths for set-to-set disjoint-paths routing in metacube. Metacube is a cluster-based, hypercube-like interconnection network that can connect a huge number of nodes with small amount of links per node. An metacube MC$(k,m)$ has $2^{2^km+k}$ nodes and $m+k$ links per node. For an MC$(k,m)$ and two sets of nodes $S$ and $T$ of size $m+k$, the algorithm finds $m+k$ disjoint paths, $\node {s}_i\rightarrow \node {t}_j,~1\leq i,j \leq m+k, \node{s}_i\in S, \node{t}_j\in T$, in $O((m+k)(2^km)\log (m+k))$ time. The length of the paths is at most $(m+1)2^k+(2k+1)(\lceil \lg (m+k)\rceil +\lfloor \lg 2(m+k)\rfloor +1)$ if ($k=2$ and $m\geq 3$) or ($k=3$ and $m\geq 2)$ or ($k>3$). In other cases, the length of the paths is at most $(k+1)(m2^k+m+k)$.


Measuring the pore size and pore-size distributions and exploring the fluid-exchange dynamics between different types of pores in porous materials remains a significant experimental challenge but i...


Keywords: Politeness, Face, FTA (face threathening acts) People in the world cannot live without interaction and communication with someone else because they belong to social community. One of strategy which is used in communication is politeness. This study is about politeness strategy. The meaning of politeness in this study is the act of people to please someone's feeling or minimize the face threatening acts (FTA). It is important for people to know various standards of politeness as a way to have better communication with other people. Object of the study is Indonesian Stand Up Comedy Season I. Two problems of the study are formulated as follows: (1) What FTA strategies are performed by Ryan in "Indonesian Stand Up Comedy I Season I" ? and (2) What politeness strategies are used by Ryan in "Indonesian Stand Up Comedy I Season I" ? This research uses qualitative approach. The data source is the transcript of Ryan's utterances in "Indonesian Stand Up Comedy Season I". In this research, the researcher used document analysis because the data which are analyzed are the utterances containing of FTA and politeness strategies in "Indonesian Stand Up Comedy Season I". The writer found that Ryan applies FTA strategies containing on record and off record with baldly on record is the most used.In performing FTA, the speaker intended to use strategies which can make audiences laugh. It means that the baldly on-record strategy is the most effective strategy to  make a joke and make  audience laugh rather than another strategy. The writer suggests to the next researchers to use the other objects which reflect more about the appliance of FTA in daily life to make the readers more understand the concept of performing FTA in real life, especially in analyzing how another stand up comedian apply politeness strategies. The next  researchers can compare the result of their analysis to know whether baldly on-record strategy is the most effective way to make jokes and make audiences laugh or not.


Based on analyzing the shortcoIIilng of some common methods of preventing softwarefrom being thieved, a popular approach registering sharing software is introduced in details.The principal graph and hardcore codes are offered. After being practiced several times, it is proved that the method is convenient and effective but also can be copied easily.


synthetic electroplating sludge was solidified/stabi- ked in ordinary portland cement. The microstructure and microchemistry were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, optical microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis, and X-ray diffractometry. The sludge contained 86.6 mg/g Ni, 84.8 mg/g Cr, 18.8 mg/g Cd, and 0.137 mg/g Hg. The water to cement ratio was 1.43, and the cement to sludge (dry) ratio was 1.2. An ordinary portland cement sample with a similar water to cement ratio, but without sludge, was also prepared for compar- ison. The sludge consisted of submicrometer-sized par- ticles of complex heavy metal


A substructuring approach has been developed, it is the extension of mobility and impedance techniques which are widely used in structural dynamics. This method is called Patch Transfer Functions (PTF): the principle is to consider substructures which are analysed separately using any available approach in order to built a database of impedance transfer functions between sources, microphones and surfaces called patches, which are obtained using a division of the coupling areas. Then, continuity relations allows one to obtain the response of the structure. This method has a very good ability to estimate the effects of some changes like absorbing materials characteristics. Within the context of european VISPeR project, it has been applied to automotive structures in order to estimate Pass-By Noise. This paper describes the method and includes comparisons between numerical simulations and experiments.


Objective:To study the effect of AG490 on hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes induced by cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1).Methods:The cultured cardiomyocytes were treated with CT-1 to induce hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes.The cell size, 3H-leucine incorporation and the mRNA levels of β-MHC were examined.Results:After stimulated by CT-1 the cardiomyocytes were enlarged(q=16.47,P0.01). Both 3H-leucine incorporation and the mRNA levels of β-MHC increased(P0.01). AG490 partly inhibited those effects of CT-1(P0.01 all).Conclusion:CT-1 may induced the cardiomyocytes hypertrophy. AG490 can partly inhibit the cardiomyocytes hypertrophy induced by CT-1.


A remarkable thing is happening. As recently as 1998 the only people talking about global health issues were those we would see each year at the Global Health Council's annual conference: people who have devoted their lives and professional careers to improving health among the world's poorest. Global health was viewed as a specialty area for technical experts and those who made major policy and budget decisions quite frankly considered it a minor sidetrack to the main issues before the nation and the world. (excerpt)


After the terrorist attack against the Twin Towers in New York, it is still more urgent to think of the problems globalization poses in terms of a «world domestic politics», using Habermas' definition Bonanate has taken up. Proved illusory the idea that any state can take care of itself by itself, the separation between domestic and foreign policy has become useless and out-of-date the democratic state paradigm, beside the idea that a war may be a remedy for violence and the breaking of rules. Moving from these assumptions, the author puts forward two complementary approaches to the present crisis. From a domestic point of view, the crisis of the state is due to an overdose of lawmaking and to the collapse of the classical hierarchy of the principles of law. From an international point of view, on the contrary, what is striking is rather the lack of public law rules, in the long run unbearable in a world more and more interdependent and vulnerable. The creation of a «public sphere of the world», conceived as a set of institutions with the task to take care of general interests like peace, a healthy environment and so on, could fill this gap and represent the only alternative to a future of war and fundamentalism.


The laser-induced fluorescence can be used to detect and diagnose dental caries, calculus and bacterial biofilms in dental applications. As such the molecular fluorescence phenomenon has been illustrated scientifically and the literatures relating the fluorescence properties of dental tissues have been explored till the literature reviews ultimately led up to the development of the current Laser Fluorescence (LF) devices. These LF devices have been introduced clinically for dental caries, calculus and bacterial detection to replace inaccurate contemporary detection tools. The future for LF technologies in diagnostic dentistry has been indicated as accurate and potentially applicable in a wide range in restorative dentistry, periodontology and endodontics.


We focus on how two numeric characteristics of prior users' votes influence user's attitude towards the product/service reviewed. These characteristics are 1) vote ratio and 2) vote magnitude. The former is the ratio of prior viewers who believe that a review is helpful, and the latter is the total number of prior viewers who vote the review. We draw on social influence theory and propose vote ratio influential across positive and negative reviews but vote magnitude influential only for negative reviews. We conduct two experiments to test the research model. Our research finds that regardless of the valence of reviews, vote ratio enhances trustworthiness and guide corresponding product evaluation. By contrast, vote magnitude is significantly influential only for the negative review. These findings contribute to review helpfulness literature and extend social influence theory. Our research also provides practical implications for online voting system providers, general participatory sites, and online retailers.


This paper investigates the design and implementation of a finger-like robotic structure capable of reproducing human hand gestural movements performed by a multi-fingered, hand-like structure. In this work, we present a pneumatic circuit and a closed-loop controller for a finger-like soft pneumatic actuator. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of the pneumatic and control systems of the soft pneumatic actuator, and its ability to track human movement trajectories with affective content.


A class of problems in quantum information theory, having an elementary formulation but still resisting solution, concerns the additivity properties of various quantities characterizing quantum channels, notably the "classical capacity", and the "maximal output purity". All known results, including extensive numerical work, are consistent with the conjecture that these quantities are indeed additive (resp. multiplicative) with respect to tensor products of channels. A proof of this conjecture would have important consequences in quantum information theory. In particular, according to this conjecture, the classical capacity or the maximal purity of outputs cannot be increased by using entangled inputs of the channel. In this paper we state the additivity/multiplicativity problems, give some relations between them, and prove some new partial results, which also support the conjecture.


Gender disparities in wages among professionals exist because women begin their professional careers making less than men. Prior research indicates this occurs because employers lack information about prospective employees at the hiring stage which triggers discrimination and bias in wage setting. Building on work that suggests organizational practices impact inequality, we examine if trial employment affects initial salaries by providing employers a first-hand look at candidates prior to employers making permanent hiring decisions. Using a unique data set that is well-suited for this inquiry, we find evidence that a female wage discount occurs among entry-level business professionals. However, as predicted, the female wage discount dissipates when offers are received from employers where trial employment takes place.


The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic witnessed a significant consumption of digital contents. Teaching and learning activities, including at the State Elementary School, Pamulang, Barat, shifted to online domains. Whatsapp was consequently the initial means of engaging the students, but eventually appeared relatively monotonous and boring. This community service intends to provide a quality learning resource on the creation of video contents, using Filmora and Youtube applications. Ultimately, the overall goal is to produce highly creative and innovative teachers. These materials were delivered using sound or captivating animations. Consequently, teachers were sufficiently equipped to generate interesting videos that potentially increase students' interest and interaction during the online learning process.


In this paper, we propose a multimodal fusion network (termed as MFN) to integrate the text and image data from social media for rumor detection. Given the multimodal features, MFN exploits self-attentive fusion (SAF) mechanism to conduct feature-level fusion by assigning corresponding weights to the complementary modalities. In particular, the textual features are combined with the fused features in a skip-connection manner, as textual features tend to be more distinguishable compared with visual features. Furthermore, MFN introduces latent topic memory (LTM) to store the semantic information about rumor and non-rumor events, benefiting to the identification of the upcoming posts. Extensive experiments conducted on two public datasets show that the proposed MFN outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches.


Description Mounting evidence shows where the standard model may be incomplete The standard model (SM) has been extensively tested and confirmed since its inception in the 1970s, with the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012 as its ultimate affirmation as the prevailing theory of particle physics. Nonetheless, it is widely accepted that the SM cannot be the fundamental theory at all energies. For instance, it cannot account for the mass of neutrinos, the dominance of matter over antimatter in our Universe, or the existence of dark matter. Motivated by these shortcomings, a huge number of extensions of the SM have been proposed over the years, many of which predicted new particles within the reach of high-energy colliders. However, because Large Hadron Collider (LHC) searches have yet to produce direct hints for these proposed particles, indirect searches for physics beyond the SM (BSM) using precision experiments have become an increasingly important avenue.


Marine bony fishes are an important source of calcium carbonate with relevance to sediment production and inorganic carbon cycling. However, knowledge of the production and fate of these carbonates is based primarily on data from warm‐water reef fishes, with efforts to assess global‐scale implications constrained by assumptions that this small cross section of the global fish community is widely representative. Here we test the extent to which temperature influences fish carbonate mineralogy and morphology by comparing products from temperate settings (20 species at temperatures spanning 10–18°C) against existing data (23–27°C). Overall, carbonate products were mineralogically, compositionally, and morphologically similar throughout the thermal range, and in most cases, we observed no differences within species (18 vs. 24°C) or families (10 vs. 25°C). Confirmation of within‐family consistency over large thermal gradients is significant because: (1) it facilitates a substantial range expansion over which fish carbonate production models can be constructed, even where family‐level product data are geographically limited; and (2) it implies that the solubility of products from any given fish family varies only due to local carbonate saturation states at excretion (and not crystallographic differences). The only exception was in two members of the Labridae (wrasses), which produced low‐Mg calcite (LMC) and minor amorphous calcium–magnesium carbonate (ACMC) at 10°C; the inverse of products from confamilials at 25°C. This finding could have significant implications for understanding the role of fish carbonates globally because ACMC is a highly unstable carbonate polymorph, whereas LMC is very stable.


A panel convened by the National Cancer Institute last week recommended a sweeping restructuring of NCI-funded clinical trials.

Among the most far-reaching of the group's 22 recommendations is to create scientific steering committees to coordinate all phase III trials for major cancers. "That's a huge change," says panel member Richard Schilsky of the University of Chicago, noting that the varied ways trials are currently reviewed can lead to redundant studies.

The 77-page report also calls for a central database of trials with summary results, and it sets aside new funds for molecular medicine. Total costs of the restructuring plans are estimated at $113 million over 5 years. NCI Director Andrew von Eschenbach, who called for the review 18 months ago, said on 7 June that the reorganization "will change the future of clinical research."


Recent educational research emphasizes the importance of personal social cognitive beliefs and metacognitive knowledge and skills for achievement in science as well as retention in the field. In this project, a mandatory evening tutorial program was developed to provide direct instruction in metacognitive skills for first year students enrolled in an introductory chemistry course. As measured by student surveys and grade outcomes, this approach directly increased students' self-efficacy in STEM and increased students' achievement. In addition, these effects were more pronounced for women in the course. These results suggest that teaching metacognition to students in introductory chemistry courses could improve achievement and potentially improve retention in the field, particularly for women in physical sciences.


public worship and the free worship characteristic of revivalism. The liturgical movement in Roman Catholicism, growing in strength for a century, achieved remarkable triumph at the Second Vatican Council. "The results, in many respects, have meant a startling convergence, at once with the early church and with the sixteenth century reformers" (p. 168). The entire book is weighted with such detailed historical information that one is very conscious that the author is a com.petent church historian. It is a solid book, 'usable as a text and reference work for all interested in the history of worship. Allen W. Graves


Noise is a major environmental issue, which gave birth in the last decades to the development of many engineering methods dedicated to both its estimation and mitigation. The specificity of the noise pollution problem lies in the complexity of human hearing and subjective assessment, and in the high spatiotemporal variation and rich spectral content of the noise generated by a wide variety of sources in urban context. Indicators that encompass all these dimensions are required for the description of sound environments and for the evaluation of noise mitigation strategies. This paper compares usual and more specific indicators, dedicated to environmental noise analyses, by means of a literature review. The comparison is based on the three following criteria: i) the ability of indicators to describe and physically categorize the urban sound environments, ii) the relevance of indicators for describing the perceptive appreciations of urban sound environments, iii) the ability of indicators to be estimated through classical or more advanced traffic noise estimation models. A discussion compares the pro and cons of the selected indicators in an operational scope


The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act injected approximately US$840 billion into the U.S. economy for job creation, technological advancement, and infrastructure development. This study examines energy-related Recovery Act program implementation. The Recovery Act provided many immediate benefits to the economy, environment, and energy sector, but implementation was hindered by several conditions. This study offers selected case studies and a set of lessons learned for state officials.


In the paper, making use of two inversion theorems for the Stirling numbers and binomial coefficients, the authors present an alternative explicit formula for a sequence of unnamed polynomials, derive two identities connecting the sequence of unnamed polynomials with the Bell polynomials, and recover a known identity connecting the sequence of unnamed polynomials with the Bell polynomials. 1. Motivations In [1, pp. 257–258] and [2], the functions in F (t, x) = 1 √ 1− t exp [ x ( 1 √ 1− t − 1 )] = ∞ ∑ n=0 hn(x) t n! (1.1) were considered. In [1, pp. 257–258], it was pointed out that hn(x) = 1 n! x ex [ d d(x2) ]n( x2n−1ex ) . (1.2) E-mail addresses: email@example.com, email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com, email@example.com. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 11B83; Secondary 05A15, 11A25, 11B65, 11B73, 11C08, 33B10.


Takeover bidders in stock-for-stock mergers have a strong incentive to support or boost their own per-merger stock prices to lower the acquisition costs. We find that before the announcements of stock mergers, bidders manage down analyst earnings forecasts prior to earnings releases, and such expectation management helps bidders ensure good earnings surprises, support stock prices, and save on acquisition costs. This finding is robust to alternative measures of forecasts, and cannot be explained by firm and deal characteristics or omitted variables. Further analyses reveal that such downward adjustment of earnings forecasts mainly reflects conflicts of interest instead of analysts' truthful opinions. Overall, our findings identify expectation management as a previously underexplored opportunistic behavior by takeover bidders.


Gene encoding β-glucosidase was amplified through PCR by using the genome DNA extracted from L .delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii as a template. The gene encoding β-glucosidase was inserted into a prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a(+) and expressed in E.coli strain BL21(DE3). The gene encoding β-glucosidase was of 1380bp. The nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding β-glucosidase from L. delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii showed as high as 97.9% homology comparing with that from L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus indicating that the gene encoding β-glucosidase is highly conservative. The enzyme activity was about 34U/mg and the molecular weight of β-glucosidase is about 51 kDa analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.


The YN2 gas pool in the eastern Tarim basin has been believed to be an accumulation of gases resulting from oil-cracking. However, this gas source model cannot explain such geochemical characteristics of the natural gases as heavier carbon isotope values (dC1 1⁄4 37.5% to 36.2%; dC2 1⁄4 34.7% to 30.9%) and high content of nitrogen gas (15.5% on average). In this study, we performed pyrolysis experiments on typical source rock and crude oil samples selected from the basin, evaluated their kinetic parameters of gas generation and methane carbon isotopic fractionation, and extrapolated them to geological conditions. The results show that neither kerogen-cracking gas nor oil-cracking gas can act as the single gas source of the YN2 gas pool. By contrast, a mixing model of 55% kerogen-cracking gas and 45% oil-cracking gas results in an excellent match with the geochemical characteristics of the gas pool. The gas condensate from the YN2 gas pool originated from the cracking of oils in mid-upper Ordovician strata, and the nitrogen gas was mainly derived from the cracking of kerogen in Cambrian–lower Ordovician mudstones in the Yingjisu depression center during the very high level of maturation. The YN2 gas pool went through three stages of formation: (1) oils from Cambrian–lower Ordovician source rocks accumulated in Cambrian and Ordovician reservoirs during the middle Ordovician, and gases were generated from both kerogen and paleo-oil pools in the Cambrian–lower Ordovician strata during late Ordovician to early Devonian; (2) gases leaked during either late Devonian to Triassic due to uplifting, or late Jurassic due to intense faulting activity in this area; (3) gases were regenerated from the late cracking of kerogen in the Cambrian–lower Ordovician strata as well as from oil-cracking in mid-upper Ordovician reservoirs with rapid subsidence after the Cretaceous. The two types of gas mixed and accumulated in the Jurassic traps to form the present wet gas pool with high nitrogen content and a heavier methane carbon isotopic value. r 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


-—We have reported previously on positive effects found in the matrix experiment (Walach et al., 2020). This is a setup where a random event generator (REG) drives a display, which participants are instructed to "influence" at will, i.e., in a psychokinesis (PK) setup. The difference of this matrix experiment from standard micro-PK REG experiments was that instead of the deviation from randomness, a large array of 2025 cor-Journal relations between the behavior of the participant and the behavior of the REG was tested. This previous experiment was significant, and we devised a consensus protocol, which was deposited before commence-ment, according to which we conducted two independent replications with the same experimental setup and equipment. In the first experiment 64 participants conducted the experiment in one location under the experimental guidance of KK (power = 0.88), in the second experiment 40 participants conducted the experiment in another location under the experimental guidance of HV (power = 0.69). The analysis used a non-parametric randomization test with 10,000 iterations. Neither of the two experiments was significant. While in the first experiment a very small, but non-significant effect was found, in the second experiment no effect was detectable. We discuss the findings in the context of the larger de-bate around replicability of parapsychological (PSI) research results and our theoretical model. The replication problem and this failed replication is likely part of the systematic nature of such effects. This makes it unlikely that experimental research alone will be successful in the long run in demonstrating PSI effects. Our conclusion is that the matrix experiment in and of itself is not a replicable paradigm in PSI research.


Presentation of Case An 84-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a mass in the left leg. The patient was in stable health until three years earlier, when he became aware of a mass in the left popliteal space. A physician aspirated the mass 21/2 years before admission and made a diagnosis of a cyst, but the mass later increased in size. Several months thereafter the mass was again aspirated and was called a "cyst" but continued to enlarge during the next six months. Seven months before entry the patient consulted an orthopedic surgeon, who advised that no . . .


Summary The present study was performed to evaluate the anti%inflammatory activity of fruiting body of Pleurotus sajorcaju mycelium. Plant was collected from Anand district and extracted with water and methanol separately. For anti%inflammatory activity 500mg/kg and 1000mg/kg concentration of both extract were prepared and administered by oral route. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg) was used as a standard drug. Anti%inflammatory activity was determined by carrageenan induce paw edema and formaline induce paw edema method, inflammation was produced by subcutaneous injection of 0.05 ml 1% carrageenan suspension and 0.1 ml 2% formaldehyde on the left hind paw respectively. Paw thickness was measured using a plethysmometer. In carrageenan induce inflammation aqueous and methanolic extracts shows 25.4% and 22.04% inhibition (p < 0.01) at 1000 mg/kg respectively while with indomethacin was found 46.5%. In formalin induce inflammation aqueous and methanolic extracts shows 55.13% and 48.0% inhibition (p < 0.01) at 1000 mg/kg respectively while with indomethacin was found 73.07%. Thus aqueous extract had more potent anti%inflammatory activity than methanolic extract and this activity probably due to presence of polysaccharides in the plant extract.


We propose a designing of multi-layer neural networks using 2D NAND flash memory cell as a high-density and reliable synaptic device. Our operation scheme eliminates the waste of NAND flash cells and allows analogue input values. A 3-layer perceptron network with 40,545 synapses is trained on a MNIST database set using an adaptive weight update method for hardware-based multi-layer neural networks. The conductance response of NAND flash cells is measured and it is shown that the unidirectional conductance response is suitable for implementing multi-layer neural networks using NAND flash memory cells as synaptic devices. Using an online-learning, we obtained higher learning accuracy with NAND synaptic devices compared to that with a memristor-based synapse regardless of weight update methods. Using an adaptive weight update method based on a unidirectional conductance response, we obtained a 94.19% learning accuracy with NAND synaptic devices. This accuracy is comparable to 94.69% obtained by synapses based on the ideal perfect linear device. Therefore, NAND flash memory which is mature technology and has great advantage in cell density can be a promising synaptic device for implementing high-density multi-layer neural networks.


Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks are vulnerable to peers who cheat, propagate malicious code, leech on the network, or simply do not cooperate. consider several distributed collaborative key agreement and authentication protocols for dynamic peer groups. There are several important characteristics which make this problem different from traditional secure group communication. Authentication focuses on the security improvement, while implementation realizes the interval-based algorithms in real network settings. Our work provides a fundamental understanding about establishing a group key via a distributed and collaborative approach for a dynamic peer group. In this paper presents quantum key distribution protocols (QKDPs) to safeguard security in large p2p networks, using in new directions in classical cryptography and quantum cryptography. Two mediator protocols, one with implicit user authentication and the other with explicit mutual authentication, are proposed to demonstrate the merits of the new combination, which include the following: 1) security against such attacks as man-in-themiddle, eavesdropping and replay, 2) efficiency is improved as the proposed protocols Contain the fewest number of communication rounds among existing QKDPs, and 3) two parties can share and use a longterm secret (repeatedly). To prove the security of the proposed schemes, this work also presents a new primitive called the Unbiased-Chosen Basis (UCB) assumption.


This article identifies the factors associated with variation in the complexity of formal equal employment opportunity (EEO) structures across a sample of Washington and Oregon hospitals. Understanding such variation provides insight into two key organizational processes: commitment to workplace equality and response to external pressures for equality. We draw on Oliver's (1991) organizational strategic response theory to document the extent to which a hospital's patient demographics, legal regulation, economic sector, geographic location, and health system membership are related to complexity in the level of a hospital's formal EEO structures. Findings from ordered logistic regression analyses demonstrate that the presence of a nurse union and federal regulation of a hospital by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) are associated with less complex EEO structures. Meanwhile, urbanization is associated with more complex EEO structures. We discuss implications of these results for research and policy and offer the beginnings of a general theory of organizational variation.


Helicobacter pylori-associated diseases (chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer) are accompanied by disregulation of cellular death. Th e spontaneous and induced by hydrogen peroxide apoptosis of blood lymphocytes in native and strangers populations of Republic of Khakassia has been estimated. Th e role of disturbance of apoptosis in regulations of immune response in Helicobacter pylori infection is discussed.


This research intended to describe the quality of reference service in
Library of Faculty of Economy in Islamic University of Indonesia of Yogyakarta
as analysis on development in service. The method used in this research was
descriptive quantitative method, by subject of research was all active university
students of Faculty of Economy in Islamic University of Indonesia of Yogyakarta
as library subscriber. Population of this research was all students registered as
university students of Faculty of Economy in Islamic University of Indonesia of
Yogyakarta totalled 5469 students. From this population was taken sample based
on Taro Yamane formulation, it gained samples totalled 98 students. Sample
collection used accidental sampling technique. Variable in this research was
individual, i.e. quality of reference service. Method and technique used in data
collection were questionnaire, interview, and observation. Data analysis used
Mean and Grand Mean formulation. Measurement of effectiveness based on
Likert scale (1-4) whose result was interpreted into very bad, bad, good, and very
good. Result of research shows that perception of university students towards
quality of reference service in Library of Faculty of Economy in Islamic
University of Indonesia of Yogyakarta is classified as good by total result of
average value of 3,01.Meanwhile the details of count average of 5 dimensions of
service are following: tangible by count average value of 3,08; assurance, by
count average value of 3,06; reliability by count average value of 2,98;
responsiveness by count average value of 2,96; and emphaty by count average
value of 2,98. In this research the author gave suggestion to Library of Faculty of
Economy in Islamic University of Indonesia in giving service on the necessity of
library subscribers. It needs tidy display of books collection.


According to some field well testing analysis wodels, the skin effect can be obtained, and further used for derermination of reservoir damage levels and radial contamination depths. We try to combine forward computation of laterolog into optimization model to realize inversion computation, from which the radial contamination depth can be obtained. The inversion results can be mutually verified by theoretical computation of mud invasion based on buckley-Leveret theory. The initial points are estimated from geometric theory. The algorithm is concise, time-saving and suitable for level-by-level processing. The effectiveness of the algorithm depends upon the forward code and optimization algorithm. It is helpful for time lapse logging operation and interpretation to make the algorithm more feasible and practicable.


In this paper, we will concentrate on Serbo-Croatian (S-C) and German (G), but we assume that the analysis can be applied to other languages that display this kind of case alternation in the PP domain. Traditional grammar generalizes that prepositions assign accusative in the context of a change of state, most frequently of location, in which the relevant PP denotes the result state or final location of this change. Locative, or other oblique cases, are assigned in PPs that modify the entire event (structurally represented as VP), usually for place. Accusative is linked to the denotation of the goal. The traditional account has one major problem: it requires there to be two lexical entries for each preposition showing this behavior, one assigning accusative, and another some oblique case. Such an approach is also found in one of the few more formal accounts of this type of data, namely Bierwisch (1988) for German. Although this would not be the only case in which such a claim has been put forward, it is certainly methodologically more desirable to have a theory that treats each of these prepositions as one single lexical entry. We will argue that the prepositions that display case alternations on their complements bear a locative meaning only. The meaning of goal or directionality will be shown to result from the particular embedding of the locative PP within the VP. More recent discussion of the case alternation is found in den Dikken (2003), van Riemsdijk (2007) and Caha (in preparation). What these accounts have in common is that they propose additional PP-internal structure to derive the directional (goal) reading with these prepositions and to license or trigger accusative case marking on their complements. However, they do not spell out the conditions under which this additional structure is licensed, so that they face the


Abstract Vortex merger is studied within the context of two-dimensional discrete vortex sheets and demonstrated on two equally oriented circular vortices and aircraft tip and flap vortices. It is confirmed that, depending on the wing load distribution, the latter may or may not coalesce into a single counter-rotating pair. The interaction of a vortex with an equally oriented shear layer, governed by the same physical principle, suggests a possible intensification of an aircraft vortex in cross-wind shear.


In any economy governments' budgets play an important role in defining government or public action or inaction in pursuance of policy objectives. However, in many developing countries, there are less instances in which policy, planning and budget are linked together in order to have better outcome of public service delivery for the masses. In this backdrop, a new concept of reform surfaced known as Public Financial Management. In recent times, this concept has attracted much of the attention of the researchers for its efficacy in the public sector [Cangiano, Curristine, and Lazare (2013)] and more specifically in the context of formulation of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers [Le Houerou and Taliercio (2002)]. When looking back in the 1990's different concepts emerged from donors primarily World Bank. These concepts are Medium Term Fiscal Framework (MTFF), Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF), and Medium Term Budgetary Framework (MTBF). Theoretically, all these concepts differ slightly, however, practically, they serve the same purposes, i.e., to ensure transparency, accountability, and linking budgets with policy [Lawson (2000)]. To some researchers these concepts are the same [for instance, Begum (2016); Holmes and Evans (2003)], as it only looking the same thing (budget) from different perspectives. In this study the term MTBF are mostly used for being easily understood in Pakistani context. The MTBF, as part of public financial management reform, implemented in Pakistan with support from the UK-Department for International Development (DFID) from 2003 to 2012. Later on, with the support from the European Union, this framework has been successfully implemented across the Government of Pakistan [for details see Hoole (2014)]. It is pertinent to note that MTBF has only been introduced and implemented in Federal Ministries and attached departments and not at provincial levels, with the exception of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. However, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa this reform programme is run under a project with the assistance of international donors (SubNational Governance-DFID).


by Carl R. Dillon, Carter Price, and Justin R. Morris Editors' Note: Two of the authors are associated with the Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology at the University of Arkansas: Carl R. Dillon, Assistant Professor, and Carter Price, Professor. They may be contacted at 221 Agriculture Building, Fayetteville, AR 72701; telephone (501) 5752256. Justin R. Morris is a University Professor in the Department of Food Science at the University of Arkansas, 272 Young Ave., Fayetteville, AR 72703; telephone (501) 5754679. This article is another in a series of studies from the University of Arkansas resulting from their research in the area of economics for smaller Introduction


Moral biography refers to the way all individuals conscientiously combine two elements in daily life: personal capacity and moral compass. Exploring the moral biography of wealth highlights the philosophical foundations of major gifts by major donors. First, the author provides several examples to elucidate his definition of moral biography. Second, he elaborates the elements of a moral biography. Third, he describes the characteristics that make one's moral biography a spiritual or religious biography. Fourth, he discusses the distinctive characteristics of a moral biography of wealth. Fifth, he suggests that implementing a process of discernment will enable development professionals to work more productively with donors. The author concludes by placing the notion of a moral biography of wealth in historical context and suggests how advancement professionals can deepen their own moral biography by working to deepen the moral biography of their donors.


Carbonate is determined in serum by infrared absorption measurement of the carbon dioxide evolved upon acidification. The determination requires 1 min and a 50-µl sample. The method has a coefficient of variation of 2.0% for samples in the normal range.


The diatom community that inhabits both the water-column and the benthos of tidepools positioned along an intertidal gradient, during late spring and early summer is described. Samples from the water-column and benthos of five tidepools, ranging from 1.5 to 6.5 m, were collected on five dates, and the diatom community benthos of five tidepools, ranging from 1.5 to 6.5 m, were collected on five dates, and the diatom community was recorded. Pelagic, centric diatom species decreased in density with increasing intertidal height, whereas benthic pennates increased, both in absolute and relative abundance, thus becoming the dominant genera in the higher pools (...)


The International Space Station (ISS) has never been known as a hotbed of science, even though the United States and partner nations spent more than $100 billion to build it. But 2 decades after it started to take shape, the ISS has finally found a scientific calling by looking down at its home planet. The station is now home to five instruments that observe Earth, with two more set to join this year. One, NASA9s Orbiting Carbon Observatory 3 (OCO-3), was scheduled for launch this week. The ISS is not an ideal platform for such instruments, but its affordability has helped maintain NASA9s diversity of Earth observations after several spectacular launch failures a decade ago. OCO-3 will complement the existing OCO-2 satellite, while its flexible pointing system will allow for the creation of city-scale maps of carbon emissions. These maps could pave the way toward verifying carbon cuts from space.


Nonlinear magnetoelectric effect was investigated experimentally in single crystal single domain samples of metastable orthorhombic ferroelectric ferroelastic g '-phases of rare earth molybdates Tb 2 (MoO 4 ) 3, TbGd(MoO 4 ) 3, DyGd(MoO 4 ) 3, Gd 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 and Sm 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 . The field dependence of the electric polarization was measured in the magnetic field up to 20 Tesla at temperatures down to 0,4 K using the direct current method. The mechanism of the interaction between the magnetic and ferroelectric subsystems based on the magnetostriction is proposed.


Uni-element combustion tests were conducted employing double swirl coaxial injectors fed by liquid oxygen and kerosene. In this study, two major experimental parameters have been considered: the recess length and fuel swirl chamber shape. It was revealed that combustion efficiency depends mainly on the mixing mechanism for the present swirl coaxial injectors, and acoustic intensities become reduced with a decrease of the recess length. Low-frequency pressure oscillations around 200Hz have been observed for all injectors. Dynamic behavior examined by the measurements of pressure fluctuations considerably differs for external and internal mixing based on the recess length. Internal mixing induces a mixture ratio and a total mass flow rate that vary with strong bias at a single frequency, resulting in highamplitude pressure fluctuations generated by combustion of pulsating coherent flow structures. However, the results for external mixing show that the fuel and oxidizer mixture flow carries more dispersed, multiple-wave characteristics due to the broad mixing region as well as disintegration and merging phenomena of propellant sheets before mixing.


The intention of the authors of this paper is to emphasize the outstanding scientific contribution of Prof. Simonetti in the field of civil law legal history and the history of law, as well as the significance that his rich opus has to Roman law and history of law literature. Having in mind that the aim of this paper is not to provide a comprehensive review of the scientific activities of Prof. Simonetti, but a kind of historiographical contribution, the authors focused their attention primarily on the immeasurable contribution of Prof. Simonetti in a systematic and detailed analysis of the right to build, which has its beginnings in the Roman principle of superficies solo cedit. With his analysis of right to build prof. Simonetti unquestionably indebted civil law jurisprudence as well as roman legal science. Furthermore, from the very rich opus of the Prof. Simonetti the authors specially emphasize the institute of (social) ownership, by whose methodological synthesis and analysis prof. Simonetti is legitimized as a legal historian, displaying in his publications the entire history of the genesis of property rights and questioning the views of legal doctrine.


A circuit for detecting a button-pressing action of an earphone, a terminal, and the earphone. When an earphone is in a state that the earphone is inserted in a terminal device, the terminal device detects a voltage difference between a first input end and a second input end, and if the voltage difference is greater than a first threshold, the terminal device detects that a button of the earphone is in a pressed-down state; otherwise, if the voltage difference is not greater than the first threshold, the terminal device detects that the button of the earphone is in a not-pressed-down state and executes a corresponding action according to the state of the button. In the process, the terminal device detects the state of the button by using a button detection circuit and executes a corresponding action; in the button detection circuit, because when the button is in a pressed-down state, a resistance exists between the button and a power supply, the power supply is prevented from being directly grounded to destroy the circuit, and accordingly, the state of the button of the earphone is detected.


The flower buds and fruits at different developmental stages of Ferula sinkiangensis were sectioned and observed through conventional paraffin section technology.The microspore mother cells undergo meiotic divisions.Cytokinesis is simultaneous,and tetrads are tetrahedral or decussate.The mature pollen contains three cells.The ovary is bicarpellary and integrated into double locule,axial placenta.Generally,there is an abortive ovule which disintegrates after the double fertilization occurs in the normal embryo sac,as well as the normal ovule in each locule.Double ovules are observed occasionally.The ovule is anatropous,unitegmic and tenuinucellar.The chalazal megaspore of a linear tetrad develops into a polygonum type of embryo sac and there are double nuclei in each mature antipodal cell.The endosperm is of the Nuclear type.The cell walls in mature endosperm are thick and there are many substances in those cells that can be stained by PAS.Also,some large cells can be observed in the endosperm.The embryogeny conforms to the solanad type.The seed is of albuminous seed.


Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect and safety of sufentanil in postoperative replacement analgesia of remifentanil with propofol for total intravenous anesthesia for the aged with laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC),and to investigate the optimal dose of sufentanil in postoperative replacement analgesia for aged with LC.Methods:100 cases of elderly patients of ASA class formⅠto Ⅲ scheduled for selective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly allocated into four groups for receiving with sufentanil 0.04μg/kg(group s1,n=25),sufentanil 0.06μg/kg(group s2,n=25),sufentanil 0.08μg/kg(group s3,n=25)and sufentanil 0.1μg /kg(group s4,n=25)after stopping intravenous pumping remifentanil and propofol. Visual analogue scales(VAS),Ramsay scales,the cases of analgesia again and side-effects including respiratory depression,retention of urine,pruritus,nausea and emesis were assessed after 15min (T1),30min (T2),1h (T3),2h (T4) and 4h (T5) of replacement analgesia. Results:There were no significant differences in VAS at one time among group s1,group s2,and group s3. VAS scores in group s2,group s3 and group s4 at T3 and T4 were lower than that in group s1(p0.01).So did the cases of analgesia again(p0.05). The Ramsay scores in group s1 was lower at T1 than those in group s2 and group s3 (p0.01),and the Ramsay scores in group s4 was higher at T1 than those in group s2 and group s3 (p0.01). Conclusion:Sufentanil intravenous injection was effective and safe for postoperative replacement analgesia after remifentanil with propofol for total intravenous anesthesia for the aged with LC,and the dose of sufentanil 0.06ug/kg can obtained a better replacement analgesia.


This feasibility study aimed at determining what it would take to provide avalanche information advisories with the state agency of Alaska State Parks. This study included determining visitor use, public support, and what infrastructure would be needed to start and continue operations. Out of 272 people who took a survey through this study, an overwhelming majority thought that there is a need for an avalanche information advisory program, and would use the service if it was provided. The four areas of highest use according to the survey include the Rabbit Creek Valley and Powerline Pass area (Flattop Peak), South Fork Eagle River area (S.F.E.R.), and Arctic Valley area (Rendezvous Peak area). The majority (72%) of people would be willing to pay between $1-50 per year. Respondents felt that the program should be funded by both the state and a non-profit group. If a qualified Specialist currently working for the park was to start avalanche forecasting for the area, 1 ridge top weather station would be needed for wind measurements, and an additional budget of $2000 would be needed to fund it for the first year to pay for high-speed internet and a new computer. The program would start with 1 full-time employee writing advisories 2-3 days a week. This program is currently feasible as a Type 3 Avalanche Center with room to expand in the future, and would be a great resource for public safety information.


The lack of publicly accessible hyperspectral image repositories with properly labeled and characterized images for the design and validation of processing algorithms, in particular, classification algorithms, is a longstanding problem in the field. In order to mitigate the need for benchmark libraries of real hyper-photographic material with reliable labeling, this work presents an tool, called Automatic Multi-dimensional Image GeneratOr (AMIGO) designed and implemented to automatically create synthetic multidimensional images based on spatio-spectral parametric descriptors that can be used to simplify and facilitate the adjustment and testing of classification algorithms. This tool has been used to properly train and validate classification and denoising algorithms in many research works found in literature showing satisfactory results.


In a computer adaptive test (CAT), different examinees receive different sets of questions. Questions at the same overall difficulty level and meeting roughly the same content specifications could vary substantially in the amount of time needed to answer them. If the CAT is speeded (that is, if substantial numbers of students either do not finish or must guess randomly at the end to finish), individuals who happened to get a disproportionate number of questions that took a long time to answer could be disadvantaged. The purpose of this study was to determine whether–in computer-adaptive testing situations–the administration of a disproportionate number of questions with long, expected response times unfairly disadvantages examinees. Data from 5,957 examinees who took the computer-delivered Graduate Record Examination (GRE®) quantitative measure and 14,745 examinees who took the computer-delivered GRE analytical measure were used to investigate variation in response time in light of other factors, such as mean test score and the position of the question on the test. For both measures, substantial variation in response times was found, even for items with the same specifications and same difficulty level. But despite these differences, there was no indication that the scores of students who were administered items with long expected response times were disadvantaged.


New guidance for medical schools has recently been issued by the General Medical Council. Polly Toynbee thinks the document has been written to refute the old complaints about arrogant, god-like consultants. She says that if new doctors come out of medical school imbued with the ethos of the guidance then we might expect a new generation of hypersensitive and thoughtful doctors, but she warns that human nature is bound to intervene


Assuming an ideal gas of unbound vortices above the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition temperature, we calculate the dynamic form factors for both the in-plane and out-of-plane correlations. In both cases central peaks are predicted which are, however, produced by quite different mechanisms, depending on whether the correlations are globally or locally sensitive to the presence of the vortices. For the in-plane correlations the wave-vector dependencies of the width and intensity of the peaks are very well supported by the central peaks, which are observed in a combined Monte Carlo molecular-dynamics simulation of the XY model. Therefore the parameters of the theory (root-mean-square vortex velocity and mean vortex-vortex separation) can be fitted and turn out to agree rather well with independent theoretical estimates. Recent inelastic neutron-scattering experiments on the in-plane correlations for BaCo/sub 2/(AsO/sub 4/)/sub 2/ and Rb/sub 2/CrCl/sub 4/ also show central peaks. Their temperature and wave-vector dependencies are consistent with our results, but their widths are larger than the theoretical estimates. Therefore, these peaks are interpreted to result, at least partially, from a gas of vortices. For the out-of-plane correlations our simulations also show a central peak. However so far it cannot be identified unequivocally as a vortex contribution.


The researchers proposed that the phenomenological experience of work is multifaceted and that simultaneously considering the combined effects of the different aspects of the work experience holds considerable promise for increasing understanding of turnover intentions and other organizationally relevant outcomes. Research in subjective well-being and other areas suggests that there are 3 important aspects of the experience of work: attainment of values, attitudes, and moods. It was hypothesized and found that the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intentions is jointly moderated by value attainment and positive mood. The nature of this triple interaction was such that the job satisfaction-turnover intention relationship was strongest when workers' jobs did not help them to attain terminal values and positive moods were experienced, and the relationship was weakest when jobs helped workers to attain terminal values and positive moods were experienced.


The social status of higher vocational education wasnt improved when the vocational education got a large-scale development. This paper analysis the influencing factors from the four aspects: the educational system, financial policy, education quality, labor and employment. Four pieces of advice given from the four aspects (finance investment, level and type, quality and building labor admittance system) will benefit the social status of higher vocational education.


The article examines the competitive relationships between companies in the same industry and from the same home country. It looks at how a company's asymmetric relationship with a competitor impacts its behavior in engaging this competitor oversees. Topics include cross-border competition, market expansion, the asymmetric competitive relationship, and the directionality and magnitude of asymmetry. It concludes that an increasing importance of asymmetry in a relationship will raise a company's inclination to engage a competitor overseas, possibly through lessening the risk of increasing rivalry.


"The pueblo of San Estevan de Tlaxcala is inhabited by pure blood Tlaxcaltecan Indians who founded it during the conquest of this country. . . . These Indians speak Spanish and are civilized." So observed don Nicolás de Lafora, a military engineer accompanying the Marqués de Rubí's inspection tour of New Spain's northern presidios, as he approached San Esteban and the adjoining Spanish town of Saltillo, in present-day Coahuila, in June 1767. A decade later, fray Agustín de Morfi, chaplain to newly appointed commander general of the Provincias Internas don Teodoro de Croix, echoed Lafora's assessment, linking San Esteban's ability to preserve its privileges for the better part of two centuries to the community's pureza de sangre, preserved through the great care its residents took to avoid "mixing" with the castas (mixed races) that "infected" Saltillo.


Emperor Qin's cavalrymen were courageous and militant.However,the five strong men who killed Xiang Yu were not from Qin.The original model after which No.2 bronze chariot was made was not "Chariot No.6 for Emperor Qin" and the imperial chariot for Emperor Qin.The chariot that carried Emperor Qin's coffin was not the original one after which No.2 bronze chariot was made.Instead,it was a kind of bigger chariot called Wenliang.


Although the ascomycete flora of Papua New Guinea is poorly known, results of recent expeditions indicate that it is among the most diverse in the world. The high biodiversity is a result of its diverse habitats, ranging from undisturbed lowland tropical rain forest to mountains with alpine vegetation. Exhaustive sampling of the above-ground parts of one single Elaeocarpus tree in montane forest showed the presence of over 200 species of ascomycetes, including 173 Iichenized ascomycetes. This is the highest number of species ever recorded from a single tree. Many species are as yet undescribed and this single tree has been the source of two genera new to science: Leptocucurthis and Lirellodisca. It is notable that this high species number associated with one organism has been found by direct specialist observation rather than by experimental DNA techniques.


The study area is Karwadi-Nandapur watershed is a micro watershed which falls in the Kayadhu river watershed in Marathwada region of Maharashtra. Using the remotely sensed images of the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite P6 (IRS P6), Linear Imaging Self Scanner III(LISS III) images captured in October 2010 and November 2011 having resolution of 23.5m X 23.5m and images from Google Earth Pro of study area were used and cartosat satellites. Map of India with scale 1:15,00,000 and soil maps of India were used for the experimental study. The thematic maps like drainage map, land use and land cover map, soil maps and contour map were prepared adopting the PCI Geomatica10.0 software. The geographical information systems (GIS) analysis was made for the said themes using the Arc GIS –ArcMap10.0. The KarwadiNandapur watershed was found to be the third order basin. The present study aims to assess the morphometric characteristics of the watershed basin and it has been assessed by applying GIS techniques. Strahler's method has been employed to assess the fluvial characteristics of the study watershed. Each morphometric characteristic is considered as a single parameter and knowledge based weight age has been assigned by considering its role in soil erosion. The morphometric properties determined for this watershed as a whole and for each watershed will be useful for the efficient planning of water harvesting and groundwater projects on watershed basis.


Most of the research on the epistemology of perception has focused on visual perception. This is hardly surprising given that most of our knowledge about the world is attributable to our visual experiences. This edited volume is the first to instead focus on the epistemology of non-visual perception—hearing, touch, taste, and cross-sensory experiences. Drawing on recent empirical studies of emotion, perception, and decision-making, it breaks new ground on discussions of whether perceptual experience can yield justified beliefs and how to characterize those beliefs. The Epistemology of Non-Visual Perception explores questions not only related to traditional sensory perception, but also to proprioceptive, interoceptive, multisensory, and event perception, expanding traditional notions of the influence that conscious non-visual experience has on human behavior and rationality. Contributors investigate the role that emotions play in decision-making and agential perception and what this means for justifications of belief and knowledge. They analyze the notion that some sensory experiences, such as touch, have epistemic privilege over others, as well as perception's relationship to introspection, and the relationship between action, perception, and belief. They engage with topics in aesthetics and the philosophy of art, exploring the role that artworks can play in providing us with perceptional knowledge of emotions. The essays collected here, written by top researchers in their respective fields, offer perspectives from a wide range of philosophical disciplines and will appeal to scholars interested in philosophy of mind, epistemology, and philosophical psychology, among other topics.


Objective To investigate the effects of hypoxia on the sclerosis of the skin in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Methods The arterial oxygen pressure (PO2) was determined and the degree of sclerosis was evaluated in patients with SSc.The Pearson′ s correlation coefficient was used for analyzing the relationship between PO2 and skin sclerosis scores. The effects of 2.5% and 20% oxygen concentration on the proliferation of cultured SSc skin fibroblasts were measured. Results The PO2 values in 30 SSc patients were 6.38~ 12.06 kPa (9.53± 1.93 kPa), whereas that in 20 normal controls were 10.67~ 13.33 kPa (12.01± 0.81kPa). The former is significantly lower than that of the latter (t=5.276, P


Su Shi's poems are characterized by "comments as poems","scholarships as poems" and "characters as poems",which reveals the writing style of poets in Song dynasty.Su Shi reasons things out and express his emotions in his ci poems.His ci poems have typical features in terms of the positions,background and language styles of his arguments and comments,which constitutes the typical "writing poems in prose" style.These arguments and comments in Su Shi's ci poems are of important stylistic value.


Numerous studies have shown that the mixing vanes of the spacer grids in a nuclear fuel rod bundle increase the Critical Heat Flux (CHF) significantly. The amount of the CHF enhancement depends strongly on the design of the mixing vanes such as the vane shape and vane bending angle. Recently a new mixing vane design was developed for an advanced spacer grid. It is called a Hybrid Mixing Vane. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the CHF performance of the hybrid vane grid and to compare it with that of a split vane grid. Three kinds of rod bundles were tested for the above objectives: no mixing vane grids, the hybrid mixing vane grids, and the split mixing vane grids. To measure the CHF data, 5x5 rod bundle experiments were conducted in the FTHEL (Freon Thermal Hydraulic Experiment Loop). Each experiment was performed by maintaining the following system conditions as constant: inlet pressure, inlet temperature, and mass flow rate. The experiments were performed in ranges of the inlet pressure, P{sub in} = 2000{approx}3000 kPa, mass flux, G = 1000{approx}3000 kg/m{sup 2}s, and inlet subcooling, {delta}h{sub in}= 10{approx}55 kJ/kg, which simulates the PWR operating conditions for a watermore » equivalence through a fluid-to-fluid modeling. The CHF performances were compared with the data belonging to a PWR's operating conditions; a pressure of 2000{approx}3000 kPa and a mass flux of 1500{approx}3000 kg/m{sup 2}s. The average of the CHF increase for the hybrid mixing grids for 20 data sets is 18.2% higher than that for the no vane grids. While the average of the CHF increase for the split mixing vane grids for 20 data sets is 14.5% higher than that for the no vane grids. Consequently, the CHF performance of the hybrid mixing vane grid is superior by about 4% to that of the split mixing vane grid near the normal PWR operating conditions even under a longer grid span than usual. (authors)« less


This paper proposes a tractable analysis framework to evaluate the reliability, security and secrecy energy efficiency (SEE) performance in a UAV-enabled communication network via a threshold-based access scheme and multi-antenna technique.


In order to promote the comprehensive development of special PE teaching at Zhoukou city,we investigated and analyzed the status quo regarding the development of physical education curriculum at special education schools,And searched errors in the process of conducting courses,summarized experiences that already exist to explore the demand for Sports at about the different groups of students with disabilities,and strategies on the development of PE courses belong to special education schools.We hope that this can provide help on the health of students about their disablement and improve reference to other special education schools belong to other provinces.


ed by EDWIN C. REISCHAUER, Abstracts of articles appearing in current Japanese periodicals, pp. I8-I9, American Council of Learned Societies, 1935. IVth Century (whole and first half) Kitayama, Junyu. Metaphysik des Buddhismus. Versuch einer philosophischen Interpretation der Lehre VASUBANDHUS und seiner Schule. xv+268 p. (Veroffent. des Oriental. Seminars der Univers. Tuibingen. Abhandl. zur Oriental. Philologie u. zur allgemeinen Religionsgesch., 7). Stuttgart, KOHLHAMMER, I934. ISIS Reviewed by WALTER LIEBENTHAL, OLZ 39, 48-50, I936; by C. A. F. RHYS DAVIDS, J7ournal of the Royal Asiatic Society I43, I936. Wu, Lu-Ch'iang. An ancient Chinese alchemical classic, Ko HUNG on the gold medicine and on the yellow and the white. The fourth and sixteenth chapters of Pao-p'u-tzil. Translated from the Chinese. With an introduction, etc., by TENNEY L. DAVIS. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 70, 22zz-84, 8 fig., 1935. IsIs 526 ivth (2) TO viith CENT. (2) "Pao-p'u-tzf, of which two of the most interesting chapters are now made available for the first time in a European language, is probably the widest known and highest regarded of the ancient Chinese treatises on alchemy. It has been preserved for us as part of the Taoist canon. It shows us the art matured by five or six centuries of practice, having its traditional heroes and an extensive literature, its technique and philosophy now clearly fixed, its objectives and pretentions established. This art the author examines in a hard-headed manner and expounds in language which is remarkably free from subterfuge. Ko HUNG (about 281-36I A.D.)ee SARTON'S Introduction (vol. I, 355)-was one of the outstanding scholars of the Chin dynasty, a Taoist philosopher and writer on medical, alchemical, literary, and historical subjects. He defended the Taoist doctrines at a time when they had not yet gained wide currency, and propagated them before Taoism had assumed a churchly organization. He believed in magic but probably no more so than his contemporaries. He was credulous but had the admirable credulity of an inquiring experimentalist who was well aware of the powers and possibilities of nature." This continuation to DAVIS' paper published in Isis i8, 210-30, 1932, is of great importance. Translations of Chinese scientific texts are badly needed and this one is particularly welcome. To the translation provided by a Chinese scholar, DAVIS has added a well illustrated introduction, an abstract, and an index of Chinese words. G. S. IVth Century (second half) Btake, Robert Pierpont; De Vis, Henri. EPIPHANIUs De Gemmis. The old Georgian version and the fragments of the Armenian version by R. P. BLAKE and the Coptic-Sahidic fragments by H. DE VIS. C=1I+335+5I p. (Studies and documents edited by KIRsoPP LAKE and SILVA LAKE, 2). London, CHRISTOPHERS, I934. ISIS Reviewed by GEORGE SARTON, isiS 24, 127-29, 1935. Thompson, D'Arcy Wentworth. Zum Liber medicinae ex animaiJbus des SExrus PLACITUS. Mitt. Z. Gesch. d. Med. 35, 150, 1936. ISIS VIth Century (second half) Krusch, Bruno. Kulturbilder aus dem Frankenreiche zur Zeit GREGoRS VON TouRs (d. 594). Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Aberglaubens. Sitzungsberichte der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil.hist. Klasse. 26, 785-800, Berlin, 1934. Isis VIIth Century (second half) Mingana, Alphonse. Medico-mystical work by SIMON OF TAIBOTHEH (d.c. 68o). Syriac text with English translation and notes (Woodviiith (2) TO ixth CENT. 527 brooke studies, Christian documents in Syriac, Arabic, and Garshfini, edited and translated with a critical apparatus. Vol. VII, Early Christian mystics, p. I-69, 280-320). Cambnrdge, HEFFER, I934. SIs Reviewed by GEORGE SARTON, Isis 24, 129-32, facs, 1935. VIlIth Century (second half) Baudoux, Claire. A propos de la lettre du patriarche TIMOTIB au pr6tre et docteur PmTHION. Annuatre de l'Institut de philologie et d'histoire orientales 3, 37-40, Bruxelles, I935. ISIS " Le savant orientaliste fran9ais, HENRI POGNON, a publi6 et traduit en 1903 une int6ressante lettre du patriarche nestorien TIMOTHfl (728-823) au pr&tre et docteur PfrHION. Cette lettre jette une vive lumibre sur les traductions arabes des ecrits grecs profanes. Elle nous apprend, en effet que les traductions arabes faites d'aprbs une version syriaque 6taient seules estimees; et que celles qui provenaient directement de l'original grec 6taient consid6r6es conume barbares. Le khalife alors r6gnant, qui 6tait soit EL MAHDI (775-785), soit EL-HAi (785-786), soit le c6lbre HAHouNARRACHID (786-809), m6prisait A ce point les traductions directes qu'il ne daignait m&me pas les regarder." IXth Century (whole and first half) Gandz, Solomon. The sources of AL-KHOWARIZMI's Algebra. OsirisT, 263-77, 1936. ISis


This study aims to examine empirically the phenomenon of direct, indirect, and moderating effects of the relationship between attitude, fraud prevention, whistleblowing intention and organizational ethical culture. The sample of this study consist of 236 Head of the Subdivision of Finance and the Head of the Subdivision of Planning Reporting at the Regional Asset Planning and Finance Agency in five regions throughout Southern Sumatra, namely South Sumatra, Lampung, Bengkulu, Jambi, and Bangka Belitung Islands. This study use Structural Equation Modeling with Amos version 24 to analyze the data. The results of this study show that attitude has a positive effect on fraud prevention, attitude has a positive effect on whistleblowing intention and whistleblowing intention has a positive effect on fraud prevention. The results of this study also show that whistleblowing intention partially mediate the relationship between attitudes and fraud prevention. Besides that, ethical culture of the organization can moderate the positive relationship between whistleblowing intention and fraud prevention.


A microstructure for transporting substances through the skin surface, the fine structure comprises a substrate having a first surface and a second surface, a plurality of microstructures which projects from the second surface of the substrate Become. The microstructures comprise at least one hollow portion. Hollow portion, the fluid is formed so as not to flow from the first surface of the substrate. Penetrates the microstructures is the skin surface, when entering, at least a portion of the material, within the hollow portion, is transferred to the skin surface


e16062 Background: For ESCC patients who receive nCRT, high pathological complete response (pCR) rates could be achieved. A "Watch and Wait" strategy has been proposed for patients with clinical complete response (cCR) after nCRT. However, clinical assessments would inevitably misclassify non-pCR as cCR. We previously showed that ctDNA analysis with tumor-naïve fixed panel could improve the prediction of cCR. This study further investigates the value of personalized ctDNA analysis in predicting tumor response and residual disease after nCRT in ESCC. Methods: This is a side study of the prospective, diagnostic preSINO trial (NCT03937362). After completion of nCRT, patients underwent one or two clinical response evaluations (CREs) before planned surgery. CRE‐1 was 4–6 weeks after nCRT. CRE‐2 was 10–12 weeks after nCRT for patients without histological evidence of residual tumor at CRE-1. Individual tumors and matched white blood cells at baseline (B0) were whole-exome sequenced and somatic mutations were identified. Serial plasma samples were analyzed by brPROPHET tracking up to 50 somatic mutations at three timepoints: B0, CRE-1, CRE-2. This assay was developed to detect residual disease with a limit of detection of 0.004% and sample-level specificity of greater than 99% in the analytical validation. Residual disease was also detected and quantified through TNFP in the same samples for a head-to-head comparison. We correlated post-nCRT ctDNA status with pCR and major locoregional residual disease (MLRD) (>10% residual cancer or any residual nodal disease). Results: At this interim analysis, 55 ESCC patients (stage III, 87%) who received per-protocol treatments had sufficient sample to test ctDNA. The pCR rate was 27 % (15/55). 98% (2918/2966) of variants selected for patient-specific panel design were private to a specific patient, only 3% (92/2966) of variants were included in the fixed panel. After nCRT, ctDNA was detected by brPROPHET prior to nCRT in 100% of samples (n=55), significantly higher than that by TNFP assay (73%, 40/55). ctDNA was detected in 55% (30/55) of patients at CRE-1, 43% (10/23) at CRE-2. Importantly, the brPROPHET achieved higher sensitivity than TNFP in predicting non-pCR and MLRD owing to its ability to detect extremely low ctDNA fractions (to 1.14 x 10-5). Moreover, combining brPROPHET with CREs could further improve the sensitivity. Conclusions: Personalized ctDNA analysis can supplement the clinical assessment to decrease the false negative rate in identifying patients with residual disease after nCRT, and might become useful in the "Watch and Wait" strategy for the management of ESCC. Clinical trial information: NCT03937362 . [Table: see text]


Document retrieval is the problem of finding stored documents that contain useful information. There exist a set of documents on a range of topics, written by different authors, at different times, and at varying levels of depth, detail, clarity, and precision, and a set of individuals who, at different times and for different reasons, search for recorded information that may be contained in some of the documents in this set. In each instance in which an individual seeks information, he or she will find some documents of the set useful and other documents not useful; the documents found useful are, we say, relevant; the others, not relevant. How should a collection of documents be organized so that a person can find all and only the relevant items? One answer is automatic full-text retrieval, which on its surface is disarmingly simple: Store the full text of all documents in the collection on a computer so that every character of every word in every sentence of every document can be located by the machine. Then, when a person wants information from that stored collection, the computer is instructed to search for all documents containing certain specified words and word combinations, which the user has specified. Two elements make the idea of automatic full-text retrieval even more attractive. On the one hand, digital technology continues to provide computers that are larger, faster, cheaper, more reliable, and easier to use; and, on the other hand, full-text retrieval avoids the


Abstract The average height of children is an indicator of the quality of nutrition and healthcare. In this study, we assess the effect of unemployment and other factors on this variable. In the Eastern German Land of Brandenburg, a dataset of 253,050 preschool height measurements was compiled and complemented with information on parents' schooling and employment status. Unemployment might have negative psychological effects, with an impact on parental care. Both a panel analysis of districts and an assessment at the individual level yield the result that increasing unemployment, net out-migration and fertility were in fact reducing height.


The positive use of "remnant" in the First Testament characteristically refers to a self-conscious, self-aware, and often self-serving community that claims the future of Israel for itself (see Hasel). This article considers a "remnant" figure who is not self-conscious or self-aware, and certainly not self-serving. It refers to the "young girl" in 2 Kings 5:2-3. Her appearance in Israel's text is brief. She is assigned no important role by the text and is given no name. Moreover, her appearance is confined to two verses, and she is nowhere remembered or cited in any subsequent text. She is so incidental in her one narrative appearance that she is scarcely noticed. And yet, the article suggests, she is the pivotal character who makes this entire narrative of chapter 5 possible.


Crotty's account touches on the precursor Hughes Special Equal Rights Committee established by the 1964 convention; chronicles at length the work, tactics, and arguments of the McGovern-Fraser Commission on Party Structure and Delegate Selection and of the O'Hara Commission on Rules; and summarizes relatively briefly the workings of the confirmatory and tidying-up Makulski, Sanford, and Winograd Commissions. But the book is less a history than it is a stepwise narrative of events, doubts, and struggles of the participants told from the perspective of a frankly revealed, participant-observer and sympathetic consultant to three of the commissions instrumental in the reforms. Thus, Crotty obliges his readers by providing a prefatory disclosure &dquo;on my own views, which are reflected in this book and in my desire to become involved in what I believe to have been a uniquely significant enterprise. ... I tend to place a high priority on openness, participation, and democratic procedural guarantees in all forms of public business. My natural inclinations, then, are to favor those who give these objectives their highest priority.&dquo; So if one wants to know the steps by which the party reformers and their instruments marched on their purposive way almost heedless of collateral or unanticipated consequences for a broader range of governmental institutions this is a good account. Events leading to and shaping the reforms are treated in detail, but the more critical and analytic accounts treating of the implications of the changes are touched on but little (an emphasis amply confirmed in the thirty-seven pages of source notes which incorporate useful collateral data on dates, places, and actors significant in the reform drama). Crotty nowhere uses the phrase but his account leads this reviewer to fear that the party reformers have gotten us perilously close to their vision of a plebiscitary democracy. An increasingly nationalized presidential electoral process increasingly open to temporary aggregations of voters and professional vote hustlers lusting after &dquo;I can save you&dquo; candidates may break the increasingly fragile linkages to state and local parties. These latter, it may come to pass, would be the isolated


SUMMARY Ileal disease orresection causesbile salt malabsorption anda reduction inthebilesalt content ofbile. Since cholesterol solubility requires adequate bile salt concentrations, depletion of thebile salt contentofbile might, therefore, jeopardize cholesterol solubility andpredispose to cholesterol gallstone formation. Tostudy this, we examined biliary lipid composition in10patients withileal dysfunction andin 25healthy controls. Biliary lipid composition, asanalysed incholecystokinin-stimulated, bile-rich duodenal fluid, was showntoberepresentative ofgallbladder bile andreproducible on repeat duodenal intubation. Nineofthe10patients withileal dysfunction hadan abnormal, supersaturated bile inwhichthe limits ofcholesterol solubility were exceeded, andwhile nineof25control subjects alsohadan unstable bile, themean bile composition intheileal dysfunction group was significantly different fromthecontrol population. Thesestudies provide a physicochemical explanation fortheclinical observation thatpatients withileal dysfunction have an increased incidence ofgallstones. Inwesternized communities themajor component of mostgallstones ischolesterol, andalthough itis virtually insoluble inwater, considerable amounts ofcholesterol aredissolved innormal bile because ofthedetergent action ofbile salts andphospholipids. Inturn, bile salts control boththesynthesis (Nilsson andSchersten, 1970) andsecretion (Swell, Bell, andEntenman, 1968; Dowling, Mack,and Small, 1971) ofphospholipids inbile. Reduction in thebiliary bilesalt content mighttherefore be expected tojeopardize cholesterol solubility inbile. Itisnowwell knownthatileal disease orresection causes bile salt malabsorption (Playoust, Lack, and Weiner, 1965) andwiththeresultant interruption of theenterohepatic circulation boththebile salt pool sizeandthebile salt content ofbile arereduced


Increased energy consumption can lead to depletion of fossil energy reserves that can pose a threat to energy supply in Indonesia. One way to increase the intensity of energy savings is to make changes in consumer behavior. The development of gender roles, abilities, and attention led most researchers to argue that women are more consistent in attention to environmental change than men. Women are more concerned with environmental quality and participate in environmental activities. Thus, this research tries to determine the influence of psychological factors on the behavior of household electrical energy consumption in term of gender differences. This study used questionnaires distributed using Google Docs to household electrical respondents several in Indonesia. Referring to ABC (Antecedents-Behaviour-Consequences) model of consumer behavior, the total of 808, questionnaires from 526 male respondents and 282 female respondents were successfully collected. The data were processed by the Partial Least Square Equation Modeling Model (SEM-PLS) using SmartPLS software. The study concluded that,if given the consequences, women have higher influence to the behavior of electrical energy consumption than men.Overall psychological factors have a positive and significant influence on the behavior of electric energy consumption in Indonesia.


It is still not clear what the progenitors of Type Ia Supernovae (SN Ia) are. There are currently two major competing (or compatible) formation channels under consideration: the single-degenerate scenario and the double-degenerate scenario (DDS). A DDS SN Ia is the result of the merger of two white dwarfs whose combined mass exceeds that of the Chandrasekhar mass. Even though the Milky Way disc alone is host to 108 double white dwarfs, such events are expected to be rare in our Galaxy ( 0.1/century), given the long timescales associated with gravitational wave emission which ultimately leads to double white dwarf mergers. Nonetheless, extragalactic observations of SN Ia lend strong support to the DDS channel. We aim to understand the processes in binary evolution which most favourably lead to the formation of SN Ia in the DDS. In our (population synthesis) evolutionary calculations, we take into account i.e.: star formation history, metallicity, common envelope evolution, and mass transfer phases. We will present the initial conditions which lead most favourably to the formation of SN Ia progenitors, show the associated rates and delay times (star formation to SN Ia), and comment on the most (and least) likely host environments for these systems. AJR acknowledges the hospitality and financial support of the Radboud University Astronomy Dept.


Abstract Formal social work practice and education in Vietnam ended in 1975 with the "fall" of Saigon. As part of Vietnam's recent efforts to reestablish the social work profession, Ho Chi Minh Open University partnered with a U.S. School of Social Work for curriculum development training. Four U.S. social work educators developed the training and consulted at Open University during the summer of 1997. This paper describes the tasks involved in the preparation of the training and what was learned during the implementation of the training about the essentials of foundation social work practice that survived translation in Vietnam.


A study was undertaken to verify which of 5 variables--age, parity, birth spacing, family income/month, and schooling--had the greatest effect on the average length of breastfeeding and, for each variable, which was the critical point. Statistical analysis according to the Morgan and Sonquist statistical method permitted the recognition of the characteristics of women with the greatest risk for premature weaning. The use of the concepts "premature weaning risk" and "accumulated child risk" was proposed. (author's modified)