We investigate the intensity and phase noise properties of GaAs-based 1060 nm oxide-confined single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and their dependence on slope efficiency and current spreading, parameters that control the achievable output power. We find strong dependence of the linewidth on slope efficiency because it affects the optical resonator loss and therefore the spontaneous emission rate and the photon density. Likewise, we find strong dependence of the relative intensity noise on the slope efficiency since the optical resonator loss controls the photon lifetime, and therefore the damping of the relaxation oscillations. There is no noticeable dependence on transverse current confinement and current spreading. We measure linewidths as small as 6 MHz which we attribute to a small linewidth enhancement factor. This assumption is supported by calculations of the linewidth enhancement factor from optical resonator and optical gain simulations. The dependencies of noise on design parameters are general and therefore valid for single-mode VCSELs at other wavelengths and in other material systems.


The invention provides a method for improving the gluing intensity of wood and pearl stone. The contact surface of the wood and the pearl stone is paved with a layer of wooden meal with glue and/or a wood powder layer and then is pressed. The method is applied to the occasion where the pearl stone and the wood need to be glued. By using the transition layer of the wooden meal and/or wood powder with the glued average particle diameter less than that of the pearl stone, the method enlarges the gluing area of the wood and the pearl stone obviously, improves the gluing intensity and contributes to improving the gluing quality of the related products of the like.


This article presents a tomb excavated in 1945 at Beit Nattif in the Judaean foothills and discusses it in light of the history and archaeology of the site. The burial chamber was initially a rock-cut water cistern, and at a later date, the cistern was converted into a burial chamber with kokhim. The tomb was used during the first and third-fourth centuries CE, as attested by the typical oil lamps, pottery and inscriptions. Three distinct phases were observed: in the first, a water cistern was cut in the bedrock and its side walls were covered with plaster. Probably in the late first century BCE or the early first century CE, the cistern was converted into a burial chamber. The pottery and the oil lamps represent two different phases (2 and 3) of use of the former cistern for burial. At first, during the Early Roman period (phase 2), 12 kokhim and three arcosolia were hewn into the walls of the cistern. In this period the burial cave was probably still used by Jews, residents of Pella/Betholetepha — the capital of the Judaean toparchy. During the Late Roman period (phase 3), the chamber was reused by non-Jews for burial purposes. Names were incised on the plaster walls in this phase, and most of the oil lamps also belong to this phase. Beit Nattif was still an important site in the Late Roman period. The place was now inhabited by Roman citizens and veterans, who settled the region as part of the Romanisation process that took place in the rural areas of Judaea after the Bar Kokhba war.


This paper aims to explore cultural issues that are likely influence business information systems and their graphical components in electronic commerce applications on web sites. Studying the cultural relativism of user interface design in implementing web‐based electronic commerce will provide guidelines for the global use of electronic business tools. The paper summarises recent work on implementation issues for the improvement of information system usage in a variety of system environments and web interface design issues, which should be designed to suit users on a global level. This paper attempts to illustrate requirements for graphical components and key issues in the globalized e‐commerce web site development. This paper also discusses examples of effective popular customer‐web site interfaces currently in use.


The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines, in particular to benzoin-flavored snuff made from pure natural materials, and further relates to a production method of the benzoin-flavored snuff. The benzoin-flavored snuff comprises, by weight, 100-500 parts of green tea, 0.05-0.35 part of musk, 50-150 parts of flower bud of lily magnolia, 10-90 parts of swordlike atractylodes rhizome, 100-300 parts of mint leaf, 0.1-0.4 part of borneol, 0.03-0.10 part of herb of Manchurian wildginger, 0.01-0.09 part of rhinoceros horn, 5-15 parts of grassleaf sweelflag rhizome, 50-150 parts of wine, 25-125 parts of tobacco leaf, 2-6 parts of agilawood, 2-6 parts of clove bud, 5-25 parts of angelica root, and 6-14 parts of benzoin. The benzoin-flavored snuff is refreshing, clears nasal cavity and assists in quitting smoking.


A 56-year-old woman with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and chronic kidney failure was referred to us for nutritional counselling and low-protein diet. The patient reported that her body weight had increased by 3-4 kg/year over the last 3 years (actual body mass index: 23.6 kg/m2); only abdominal body mass had increased (actual waist circumference 102 cm), and lean body mass in the legs had actually diminished. Physical examination of the abdomen revealed umbilical hernia and soft palpable masses (Fig. A,B). There were no signs of portal hypertension. Abdominal echography disclosed the presence of multiple small renal cysts and a modest increase in portal inflow. Ascites was absent. The pancreas and the aorta were not investigable. Despite almost normal liver function biochemistry, the parenchyma was completely occupied by large cysts (diameter up to 9 cm; Fig. C). PKD is the most common inherited renal cystic disease, occurring worldwide and in all races. Two main genes have been identified (PKD1 [chromosome region 16p13.3; 85% cases] and PKD2 [chromosome region 4q21; 15% cases]) with a third one possibly accounting for a small number of unlinked families. However, several genetic mechanisms may contribute to the phenotypic expression of the disease.1 Clinically relevant aspects include both renal (impaired urinary concentrating capacity, renal failure, hypertension, and pain) and extrarenal manifestations, with involvement of the liver being the most common. Nonetheless, other important disorders (above all aneurysms, colonic diverticulosis, and cysts in other organs) should be borne in mind.2,3 Hepatic cysts are rare in childhood, but frequency increases with age. Liver disease, contrary to renal disease, is generally asymptomatic. Symptoms such as dyspnea, early satiety, gastroesophageal reflux, or low-back pain generally occur within the setting of significant hepatomegaly and result from mass effect. Hepatic venous outflow (inferior vena cava or hepatic veins) or inflow (portal vein) obstruction, bile-duct compression (resulting in obstructive jaundice), as well as cyst complications (rupture, infection, or hemorrhage) may also occur.2,3 Treatment is not indicated in asymptomatic patients.3,4 In symptomatic patients, several conservative surgical options can be taken into consideration, such as cyst aspiration and sclerosis, open or laparoscopic fenestration, or liver resection with fenestration. These provide adequate palliation in patients with a large, isolated cyst or dominant disease confined to one lobe. Finally, even the drastic measure of liver transplantation might sometimes be considered even in the absence of organ failure. The most frequent indications are disabling hepatomegaly, ascites, portal hypertension, cachexia, or recurrent cyst infections. Effective symptom relief, and improved quality of life and physical attractiveness, which suggest that transplantation should be performed early, are substantial, but they should be balanced against organ scarcity, surgical risks, the need for long-term immunosuppresive therapy, and shortterm mortality (up to 30% in the first 2 months). However, follow-up may be up to 12-15 years.4-6 Our patient was referred to a liver transplantation center; at present, she is undergoing full preoperative assessment. In Abbreviation: PKD, autosomal dominant polycystic disease. Address reprint requests to: Emanuele Cereda MD, International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS)–Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche (DISTAM), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Botticelli 21, 20133 Milano, Italy. E-mail: email@example.com; fax: 39 02 50316077. Copyright © 2009 by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hep.23254 Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report.


There is disclosed an adsorbent, comprising a carrier on which is immobilized a peptide possessing an ability to bind to the human antibody to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and represented by the formula: H-X-A-Y-Z wherein A stands for a peptide residue, one of X and Y stands for a single bond, an amino acid residue selected from the class consisting of Asp, Glu, Lys and a divalent group represented by the formula, (wherein n stands for an integer in the range of 1 to 17), or a peptide residue formed by peptide linkage of two to ten amino acid residues of at least one species selected from the class mentioned above and the other of X and Y stands for an amino acid residue selected from the class consisting of Asp, Glu, Lys and a divalent group represented by the formula, (wherein n stands for an integer in the range of 1 to 17), or a peptide residue formed by peptide linkage of two to ten amino acid residues of at least one species selected from the class mentioned above and Z stands for a hydroxyl group or an amino group. A method for the production of the adsorbent and a method for the use of the adsorbent are also disclosed.


The article is devoted to the consideration of language means, used for expressing of the sea element image in ancient Germanic texts. For a number of words naming the sea, secondary nature of «marine» semantics is established relative to a whole series of primary meanings ʻwave', ʻsurf', ʻwater billow', ʻmovement (of water mass)' etc. The contexts collected in the study illustrate the semantic differences in word usage, enabling one to more or less exactly state when it is about a wave, the movement of a water surface, and when it is actually about the sea.

It is further suggested a description of the structure and semantics of the sum of composites, often used to denote the marine world. It follows from the description that the «marine» vocabulary of ancient Germanic poetic texts was an open system (it could be replenished with new composites), which developed by analogy with itself, having as samples the composites inherited from the Proto-Germanic language.

Special attention is paid to the set of epithets of the sea in the accessible corpus of German texts and descriptive expressions, in which the sea is likened to a person, and this fact indicates the ancient metaphorical perception of the world from the standpoint of anthropocentrism


This paper presents an efficient version of Hilbert-Huang transform for nonlinear non-stationary systems analyses. An ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is introduced to alleviate the problem of mode mixing between intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) decomposed by EMD. Yet the problem has not been fully resolved when a signal of a similar scale resides in different IMF components. Instead of using a trial and error method to select the "best" outcome generated by EEMD, a hybrid algorithm based on EEMD and EMD is proposed for multi-mode signal processing. The developed approach comprises the steps from a bandpass filter design for regrouping modes of the IMFs obtained from EEMD, to the mode extraction using EMD, and to the assessment of each mode in the marginal spectrum. A simulated two-mode signal is tested to demonstrate the efficiency and robustness of the approach, showing average relative errors all equal to 1.46% for various noise levels added to the signal. The developed approach is also applied to a real bridge structure, showing more reliable results than the pure EMD. Discussions on the mode determination are offered to explain the connection between modegrouping form on the one hand, and mode-grouping performance on the other.


J N connection with the survey of trichinosis in Canada during the summer of 1937, (reported by Cameron3), observations were made on the use of papain as a substitute for pepsin in freeing encapsulated Trichinella spir-alis. This enzyme seemed to offer several advantages over the accepted pepsin, in that its pH requirements are less exacting and that it is less ex-pensive. As a basis for comparison, the pepsin technique of Bachmann' was fol-lowed closely. The digestion solution was made up of 0.25 gm. pepsin and 62.5 cc. of a stock solution, (consisting of 102 grams sodium chloride and 24.2 cc. concentrated hydrochloric acid to 6,000 cc. of water). For every 100 gm. of ground trichinosed rabbit muscle 125 cc. were used, the whole being maintained at 38°C. during the action of the enzyme. The pH was corrected at intervals by the use of concentrated HCI so as to remain between 1 and 2, and the substrate was occasionally stirred. By this technique small par-ticles of muscle remained undigested, but the larvae were all freed in a living condition.


Lear CA, Davidson JO, Booth LC, Wassink G, Galinsky R, Drury PP, Fraser M, Bennet L, Gunn AJ. Biphasic changes in fetal heart rate variability in preterm fetal sheep developing hypotension after acute on chronic lipopolysaccharide exposure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 307: R387–R395, 2014. First published June 18, 2014; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00110.2014.—Perinatal exposure to infection is highly associated with adverse outcomes. Experimentally, acute, severe exposure to gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is associated with increased fetal heart rate variability (FHRV). It is unknown whether FHRV is affected by subclinical infection with or without acute exacerbations. We therefore tested the hypothesis that FHRV would be associated with hypotension after acute on chronic exposure to LPS. Chronically instrumented fetal sheep at 0.7 gestation were exposed to a continuous low-dose LPS infusion (n 12, 100 ng/kg over 24 h, followed by 250 ng·kg ·24 h 1 for a further 96 h) or the same volume of saline (n 10). Boluses of either 1 g LPS or saline were given at 48, 72, and 96 h. Low-dose infusion was not associated with hemodynamic or FHRV changes. The first LPS bolus was associated with tachycardia and suppression of nuchal electromyographic activity in all fetuses. Seven of twelve fetuses developed hypotension (a fall in mean arterial blood pressure 5 mmHg). FHRV was transiently increased only at the onset of hypotension, in association with increased cytokine induction and electroencephalogram suppression. FHRV then fell before the nadir of hypotension, with transient suppression of short-term FHRV. After the second LPS bolus, the hypotension group showed a biphasic pattern of a transient increase in FHRV followed by more prolonged suppression. These findings suggest that infection-related hypotension in the preterm fetus mediates the transient increase in FHRV and that repeated exposure to LPS leads to progressive loss of FHRV.


OBJECTIVES
Antineoplastic drugs are widely used in anticancer therapy due to their cytotoxic activity but many of them are classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic to humans. In order to evaluate personal exposure, surface monitoring has been successfully applied for several years. In this study, we present a statistical description of our data set from 102 German pharmacies and propose 'threshold guidance values (TGVs)' to facilitate interpretation of monitoring results.

METHODS
Our database included 1008 results for platinum (PT) and 1237 for 5-fluorouracil (FU) collected in 102 pharmacies in Germany. Wipe sampling on site was performed with one validated procedure. PT concentrations were measured by voltammetry and FU by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Data were stratified into 10 locations and statistically evaluated.

RESULTS
Contamination was detected on all surfaces in the pharmacies with high levels on storage shelves and floors. The median values for the different locations ranged from 0.20 to 1.70 pg cm(-2) (mean: 0.57 pg cm(-2)) for PT and from 2.50 to 10.00 pg cm(-2) (mean: 5.34 pg cm(-2)) for FU. The mean 75th percentiles were 3.92 pg cm(-2) (PT) and 28.90 pg cm(-2) (FU). The TGV 1 value was set at the median value and results below demonstrate good working practices. Contaminations above the TGV 2, which was assigned at the 75th percentile, show a clear need for optimizing the handling procedures.

CONCLUSIONS
The introduction of TGVs helps to reduce occupational exposure and allows pharmacy personnel to benchmark their own contamination levels. This provides a basis for improvement in occupational safety precautions and for regular contamination controls.


The 70%Pb(Mg1∕3,Nb2∕3)O3–30%PbTiO3 (PMNT) films have been fabricated on LaNiO3 (LNO) coated silicon substrate. The conductive LNO films act as a seed layer for the growth of PMNT films, which depresses the formation of pyrochlore phase and induces the high (100) preferred orientation of perovskite PMNT films. Compared with the PMNT films grown on platinum bottom electrode, the ferroelectric properties of PMNT films grown on LNO are enhanced. The frequency dependence of complex permittivity from PMNT films on LNO is the conjunct result of polarization relaxation and movement of oxygen vacancy, which can be fitted by the function containing Debye and universal dielectric response models, respectively.


Doing research requires genuine interest, sufficient time, rigorous effort and high degree of engagement in it. In India research appears to be the last priority of several academicians. They take up this task only to full fill the academic requirement. This paper aims to study the attitude of research scholars, what makes them to take up the research task and how really they are engaged in the research activity. For this a sample of 317 research scholars were chosen from the PhD aspirants enrolled with Visvesvaraya Technological


The invention discloses a sealing ring structure used for an integrated circuit chip. The sealing ring structure is characterized in that at least one side edge of the sealing ring is of a double-side structure, and the inner side of at least one double-side structure is provided with at least one opening. The sealing ring structure provided by the invention can prevent hydrosphere from penetrating, can reduce influence on an integrated circuit from the noises transferred by the sealing ring, can reduce noise coupling, and can prevent an electromagnetic signal from interfering the operation of a sensitive circuit and the like; and the structure is simple, the processing is convenient, and the sealing ring structure has strong practicability and can be widely popularized and applied.


This paper presents the research and development of an Interlocking Cross Laminated Timber (ICLT) prefabricated solid wall and roof panel system. Unlike other solid wood panel systems, however, ICLT utilizes no fasteners and no adhesives. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) for North American markets has historically not been feasible due to relative high cost of fabrication, however, developments in CNC technology and sourcing waste and beetle kill standing dead pine from the intermountain region presents a viable option for creating solid wood technology. With growth projections claiming a 100% increase in building stock before 2030, ICLT is a cost competitive technology for the 3-9 story commercial structures replacing concrete and steel construction, reducing ecological footprint, and increasing indoor air quality of future buildings. This paper presents the research progress of a collaborative team of university researchers and industry partners in developing ICLT for the North American construction market.


A wireless sensor network has been designed and deployed to gather data from nodes deployed inside glaciers. This paper describes the solutions to power management, radio communications and other challenges faced in the system together with a discussion of the performance of the final system. 18 months of data have now been received, which provide an insight not only into the glacier's behaviour but also into the design decisions. The system uses custom PIC-based sensor nodes and an ARM-based base station which controls weather and differential GPS. Different versions have been installed in Norway from 2003-5 and this paper describes the lessons learnt from coping with the extreme conditions that of glaciers


Undocumented college students face multiple barriers. This case study explores how a group of undocumented Latino/a students maintained a peer network. Using Stanton-Salazar's frameworks of empowerment agents, I discuss how students created a space on campus and navigated internal tensions threatening solidarity, including inclusion/exclusion, competition/support, and personal support/political engagement.


Soil water content (SWC) plays a crucial role in the hydrological cycle and ecological restoration in arid and semi-arid areas. Studying the temporal stability of SWC spatial distribution is a requirement for the dynamic monitoring of SWC and the optimization of water resource management. The SWC in a Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. forest on the slope of the Loess Plateau of China were analyzed in five soil layers (0–100 cm with an interval of 20 cm) in the rainy and dry seasons from July 2014 to November 2017. The mean SWC was estimated and the main factors affecting the temporal stability of the SWC were further analyzed. Results showed that the SWC had strong temporal stability during the two seasons for several consecutive years. The temporal stability of SWC and the number of representative locations varied with season and depth. The elevation, soil total phosphorus (STP), clay, silt, or sand content of the representative locations approached the corresponding mean value of the study area. A single representative location accurately represented the mean SWC for the five depths in the rainy and dry seasons (RMSE <2%; rainy season: 0.81 < R 2 < 0.94; dry season: 0.63 < R 2 < 0.83; p < 0.01). The mean relative difference (MRD) and the relative difference standard deviation (SDRD) changed with the seasons and were significantly correlated with elevation, root density, and sand and silt content in two seasons (p < 0.05). Elevation, root density, and sand content were the main factors influencing the change of SWC temporal stability in different seasons. The results provide scientific guidance to monitor SWC by using a small number of locations and enrich our understanding of the factors affecting the temporal stability of SWC in the rainy and dry seasons of the Loess Plateau of China.


Case History: 43-year-old female with no significant medical or surgical history presents with acute onset, severe left lower abdominal pain.


KakaoTalk and Naver line are representative social network services in Korean and Japan. Each service provider has several differences and similarities the differences between each of these providers are related to the characteristics of the service users in both countries. In this study, I suggest the future service provider what to advise through the statics research of differences and similarities between Kakao talk and Naver line.


Lipase (EC 188.8.131.52) was immobilized on cellulose acetate–TiO2 gel fibre by the sol–gel method. The immobilized lipases were used for esterification of n-butyric acid with n-butyl alcohol and enantioselective acylation of (R, S)-phenylethanol using vinyl acetate as an acyl donor. Compared with native lipase, the activity of the immobilized lipase was stable and relatively unaffected by the water content of the solvent and the substrate concentration. The data indicate that the lipases are immobilized on the fibre surface and that enzyme activity is influenced by bound water. However, the thermal reactivity and enantioselectivity of the immobilized lipase were less than those of native lipase. This may not reflect thermal inactivation of the enzyme but rather significant thermal contraction of the gel fibre by cellulose crystallization, resulting in liberation of bound water and a decrease in the amount of enzyme which is available for the reaction.

Copyright © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry


We report a continuous-wave 532-nm-pumped singly resonant optical parametric oscillator based on bulk periodically-poled lithium niobate (PPLN). Thermal focusing at 532nm in PPLN is reduced by chopping the pump. Less than one watt threshold and 64% quantum efficiency are achieved.


Relationships between fish length and otolith length, width and mass were examined in the Australian anchovy Engraulis australis (White, 1790) recovered from the food of Gannet examined from colonies at islands of Horuhoru Rock and Mahuki Islands in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. The relationships between otolith length- fish total length (TL), otolith-weight-TL, and otolith-width-TL were investigated by means of non-linear regression models (TL = 0.54 OL 16.86, TL = 4.39 OW 7.61 and TL = 26.19 OWe 2.2). This study characterizes the first reference available on the relationship of fish size and otolith size and weight for E. australis obtained from bird's food in the Pacific Ocean region


This paper will provide a comprehensive overview on the liquid optically clear adhesive (LOCA) technologies display assembly, including materials, application process, and performance, the recent technology trend of FTF-LCD polarizer, and Henkel's new LOCAs with ultra-low viscosity and excellent performance for next generation polarizer applications.


poll of 3,465 Californians aged 18 years or older with chronic illness, conducted in November and December 2002, found that nearly one half (46%) reported doing nothing when faced with an increase in drug cost sharing. (The specific survey question stated that the survey respondent had prescription drug coverage and the amount paid to fill a prescription increased in the past year.) More than one third of respondents (36%) reported that they asked their physician or pharmacist for a generic prescription drug, 21% asked the physician to prescribe a less-expensive alternative drug, 16% did not get the prescription filled, and 18% used mail-order service to fill the prescription. In a previous issue of the Journal, Cox and Henderson found that Medicare+Choice members with an annual drug benefit maximum relied in part on prescription drug samples to mitigate the financial burden of prescription drug needs. This practice is likely to be self-defeating in reducing the financial burden since (a) higher-cost drugs are more heavily sampled and (b) the availability of drug samples may affect physician prescribing practices by reducing the immediate pressure to find lower-cost therapeutic alternatives. We await the results of research in which investigators ask the important questions regarding the nature and usefulness of interactions with physicians in offering recommendations for generic drugs and other lower-cost therapeutic alternatives to help reduce out-of-pocket expenditures for the elderly.


Polyamidhydroxyurethane becomes in the presence of water, a non-biodegradable hydrogel with a high capability of water sorption, exhibiting rubbery behaviour and good biocompatibility. When prepared with less content of water and suitable mixing hydrogel components, this becomes a promising biomaterial for artificial hard/soft tissue in biomedical applications. In this paper, the less-water films of polyamidhydroxyurethane are discussed, and are analysed the nature of inter- and intra- molecular interactions. Using X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy with polarized light, steady-state linear dichroism, infrared and UV-ellipsometry, the network structure of water in film of polyamidhydroxyurethane was determined. Water exhibits a high degree of homogeneity and consists of three phases: a water phase of low polyamidhydroxyurethane concentration, an amorphous phase, and a crystalline phase that restricts the motion of the amorphous domains.


TPS LINAC is essentially concatenated by three consecutive sections of linear accelerators with a nominal output of 2.25 W (150 MeV, 5 nC, 3 Hz) electron beam. A 15 m long transfer line used to guide accelerated electrons from the LINAC outlet to the beam dump. For ensuring radiation safety of personnel around the area, gamma-ray and neutron dose rates outside the LINAC room were repeatedly measured and reviewed during the commissioning. If all the accelerated electrons are perfectly dumped as we wish, radiation dose rates outside the shielding should be as low as comparable to the natural background level. To be able to clearly identify radiation changes above background levels and perform reliable dose rate measurements, high-sensitivity radiation detectors are necessary. This paper presents the design and characteristics of these detectors and a data analysis of the measured results taken during a full-power LINAC operation. NSRRC is now constructing its second light source facility called Taiwan Photon Source (TPS) to meet the increasing demand for brighter synchrotron X-ray source. Focusing on a low-emittance design, the TPS will become one of the brightest synchrotron light sources in the world. The accelerator system consists of a 3.0-GeV electron storage ring with a circumference of 518.4 m, a concentric booster synchrotron with a circumference of 496.8 m, and a pre-injector of 150-MeV electron LINAC. Due to some delay of the TPS civil construction, NSRRC has built a simple rectangular shielding room made of 1 m thick concrete for the assembly and acceptance test of the outsourcing LINAC.


The effects of charging temperature and time on the embrittlement of cathodically hydrogen-charged specimens were investigated by tensile test and scanning electron microscopic studies on Alloy 690 single crystals with ‹100› tensile axis. Many cracks on the specimen surface were observed along {100} traces. Crack depth does not exceed several ten microns and corresponds to the thickness of hydride formed during the charging.Fracture strength was decreased after passing through maximum and fracture elongation was gradually decreased with the incerases in charging time.The crystallographic plane of fractured surface always consists of {100} plane.The diffusion coefficient (D1) of hydrogen atoms in the grain is less than that at grain bundary.Activation energy for the diffusion obtained from the temperature dependence of D1 was estimated to be 7.3 kcal/mol.


Construction Planning is the most important phase of the project. Planning regarding crew size, materials, equipments etc., should be done in the planning phase. Construction planners use Critical path Method & PERT analysis to reduce the duration of the project. As the duration of the project reduces, the cost of the project increases i.e. there is a Trade-off between Time & Cost. The Study shows comparative results of the two techniques used to achieve Time-Cost Optimization. The two techniques used were Critical Path Method-Project Crashing Method & Linear Programming Method (LP). To compare the results a case study was considered i.e. construction of a Water Treatment Plant. Hence this paper presents: 1) Application of Project Crashing Method & 2) Application of Linear Programming (LP).


he UV-light or Free-radical Induced Polymerization of Propylene Sulfide (PS) in the Presence of maleic anhydride (MAH) has been studied. It was found that polythioether was the only product. No adduct of MAH to polythioether was formed. The polymer (F=12∼17) did not contain mercapto groups. The polymerization reaction seems to proceed cationically by the formation of a charge transfer complex of PS and MAH, as in the case of propylene oxide.


The aim of the study:
This study has been conducted to evaluate and compare pesticide residues on organic and conventional raisin products in Aegean Region.
Material and Methods:
Experiments were carried out in 5 replicates completely randomized design through 9 years. According to soil analysis results, certified fertilizer and green manure and ground pruned branches were applied as plant nutrition material in organic plots. On the other hand, chemical fertilizer were applied in conventional plots. Certified products and traps permitted in related organic regulations were used as plant protection material in organic plots. In conventional plots, standard pesticides were used.
Results:
According to research results, some small quantity of residues has been detected in a few case in the organic plots while high level residues have been dedected in the most cases in the conventional plots. The reason of chemical contamination in the organic plots is needed to be investigated and certification process should be carried out more strictly.
Acknowledgments: This study is supported by Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock and General Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policies


The purpose of the present invention is to provide a technology that is capable of suppressing frequency fluctuations of electric power. Among multiple first power generators (2a) and a first storage cell (3a) that are connected to a remote island system (5) via a first interconnection line (4a), this system stabilization device (1) sends a control command to the first storage cell (3a). The system stabilization device (1) is equipped with a parameter determination unit (11) and a control block unit (21). The parameter determination unit (11) obtains a change rate limit value, which indicates a limit to be imposed on the total value of the overall changes in the outputs of first power generators (2a) that are in operation, on the basis of operation information. The control block unit (21) generates a command value to be sent to the first storage cell (3a) on the basis of a linkage-point power flow value that is measured of the first interconnection line (4a) and the change rate limit value that is obtained by the parameter determination unit (11).


For either [France or England] to envy the internal happiness and prosperity of the other, the cultivation of its lands, the advancement of its manufactures, the increase of its wmmerce, the security and number of its ports and harbours, its proficiency in all the liberal arts and sciences, is surely beneath the dignity of lwo such great nations. These are all real improvements of the world we live in. Mankind are benefited, h u m mare is ennobled by them.'


PURPOSE: A terminal for managing PHD(Personal Health Device) standard and nonstandard data and a server thereof are provided to integrate a PHD nonstandard sensor and an additional user input signal with PHD standard data, thereby efficiently recognizing the health condition of a user. CONSTITUTION: A first sensor unit(210) outputs PHD standard data following a PHD standard by sensing a biosignal. At least a single second sensor unit(220) outputs PHD nonstandard data which does not follow the PHD standard. A control unit(230) generates a first data field area based on the PHD standard data. The control unit generates a second data field area based on the PHD nonstandard data.


Objective: To compare the diagnostic value of MoCA and MMSE in subcortical ischemic vascular disease( SIVD). Methods: In 98 cases with vascular cognitive impairment( vMCI),50 cases( MoCA-M group) and 48 cases( MMSE-M group) were measuured by MoCA and MMSE,respectively. In 85 control cases,46 cases( MoCA-C group) and 39 cases( MMSE-C group) were measured by MoCA and MMSE,respectively. Results: The sensitivity of MoCA-M group( 78. 0%) in patients with vMCI was significantly higher than that of MMSE-M group( 52. 1%)( P 0. 01). The specificity of MoCA-M group( 71. 7%) in patients with vMCI was higher than that of MMSE-M group( 48. 7%)( P 0. 05). Conclusions: MoCA has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting vMCI,which may become a effective way for the early diagnosis of SIVD in clinic.


Abstract >> Piping systems play an important role in gas and oil transferring system. In the piping system, thereare many elements, such as valves and flow meters. In order to check their normal operating conditions, eachsignal from each element is displayed on the monitor in the pipe control room. By the way, there are severalaccidental cases in the piping system even if all signals from the local elements are judged to be normal on themonitor in the control room. Further, opposite cases often happen even the monitor shows abnormal while the local elements work normal. To overcome this abnormal functions, it is not so easy to construct the environmentin which sensors detecting the working states of all elements installed in the piping system. In this paper, a newnon-contact measurement technique which can calculate the elements' delicate displacements by using a PIV(particleimage velocimetry) and diagnose their working states by using a neural network is proposed. The measurementsystem consists of a host computer, a micro system, a telescope and a high-resolution camera. As a preliminarytest, the constructed measurement system was applied to measure delicate vibrations of mobile phones. For practical application, a pneumatic system was measured by the constructed system.


Postpartum psychosis is most often a manic episode of bipolar disorder rather than schizophrenia or another form of psychosis. Previous studies have


All the International ventures that have shaped the world economy thus far, from the early spice trade to today's multinational corporations, amount to a pebble's ripple in a pond compared to the asteroid that's about to blow open an ocean of opportunity in the global market. Impact is imminent: the world's economy will intensify as never before, driven by dynamic changes in capital markets, the escalating power of technology, and the erosion of national borders. With serious contenders already accelerating their strategies to match the pace of globalization, the race to build a truly great global firm is on, and the window of entry is starting to close. According to this prophetic book, standing still is not an option. Informed by the findings of McKinsey & Company's extensive investigation of the problems and practices of globalizing firms, Race for the World contends that the rewards of building a great global firm at this moment in time are extraordinary. Examples of early winners in the global game, including power-houses such as Coca-Cola, Citibank, and Nestle, reveal how the truly distinctive players utilize their intangible assets to think and act differently from the multinational models of old. The authors explain how firms both large and small can drive their transition from national to global markets by pursuing and capturing entire portfolios of global opportunities while there's still time.


The authors present a novel adaptive framework that enables efficient development of applications demanding complex document analysis. In processing natural language documents the task is to transform them into application specific structured form. Such transformation has to be designed taking into account various abstraction levels and granularity of the processing and the multitude of possibly related requests driving the application. The proposed solution is based on the adaptively planned and executed network of information processing modules. The paper presents an overview of the framework, with the focus on the adaptive mechanism. An illustrative pilot application is also provided.


The group Kawagoe Friends of Sweetpotato was formed in 1984 by Kawagoe citizens to learn more about the crop associated with their town. Sweetpotato's (Ipomoea batatas) image was negative then, and its acreage in that area was in decline. Though local acreage continued to decline, the group's activities succeeded in bringing a new awareness to the crop that spread even beyond Kawagoe. The Friends were composed of people from widely varied backgrounds united by a common thread of interest in sweetpotato. The resulting intensive cross-fertilization of ideas led to a better understanding of sweetpotato, and how to better utilize and promote it. Various historical, geographical, and cultural circumstances peculiar to the Kawagoe area contributed positively to the group's efforts. Successes included improvement of Kawagoe's sweetpotato image, encouraging the creation of new products such as sweetpotato noodles and frozen desserts, and encouragement of local restaurants to place innovative sweetpotato dishes on their menus. A sweetpotato specialty restaurant funded the creation of a sweetpotato museum run by a Friends member. The group's members traveled throughout Japan to learn more about sweetpotato, also venturing abroad. Visitors from Japan, as well as from abroad, also visited Kawagoe to learn more about the Friends' activities. A number of publications were printed on various sweetpotato topics. The group's sweetpotato activities were recognized by several organizations for contributing to the promotion of local culture, sweetpotato consumption, and tourism. The Friends' grassroots activities were done with few subsidies, and without guidance from the government. The group's activities were widely presented to the public due to television, radio, and print media's continuing interest in the topic. During the 1990s, the Friends' activities began to decline. Composed of small business members, the Kawagoe Sweetpotato Products Promotion Board, a branch of the Friends, continues to produce and market sweetpotato products.


Essentially, the most stable and living basis is the enterprise's culture, which determines the outlook on life, spirits situation, attitude on work, and standards for behavior, as well as its figure and operating performance. The financial report disclosed for the outers, however, can't include the information about enterprise's culture. Therefore, the public inhence could not discover the enterprise through the window, especially when the function of the window is far more important than some digits in financial statement. This paper will probe into recognition, measurement and disclosure on enterprise's culture.


We examine the properties of algebras of linear transformations that leave invariant all subspaces in a totally ordered lattice of subspaces of an arbitrary vector space. We compare our results with those that apply for the corresponding algebras of bounded operators that act on a Hilbert space.


Herrera, Y., Fernández, M.S. & Gasparini, Z., 2013. Postcranial skeleton of Cricosaurus araucanensis (Crocodyliformes: Thalattosuchia): morphology and palaeobiological insights. Alcheringa 37, 1–14. ISSN 0311-5518. The metriorhynchid crocodyliform Cricosaurus araucanensis (Gasparini & Dellapé) has been documented from Tithonian (Upper Jurassic) strata of the Vaca Muerta Formation exposed in the Neuquén Basin, northwest Patagonia, Argentina. Postcranial components of this species were mentioned but not described in the original analysis. Subsequently, other authors described the forelimbs. The postcranial elements of metriorhynchids are poorly documented in comparison with their skulls, but new data from C. araucanensis reveal delayed ossification of the caudal neurocentral sutures indicating skeletal paedomorphosis affecting not only the appendicular skeleton but also the posterior region of the vertebral column. The morphology of the caudal region (transverse processes of the first caudal vertebrae ventrally deflected) and the reduction in the femur of the fourth trochanter suggest a reduction of the hypaxial musculature allowing increased epaxial musculature. This pattern of musculoskeletal arrangement is consistent with the swimming style and propulsion by lateral undulation of the tail, as proposed by previous authors. Yanina Herrera [yaninah@fcnym. unlp.edu.ar], Marta S. Fernández [email@example.com] and Zulma Gasparini [email@example.com], División Paleontología Vertebrados, Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, W1900FWA La Plata, Argentina, CONICET. Received 23.7.2012; revised 16.10.2012; accepted 22.10.2012.


The spatial and temporal distributions of biogenic silica (BSi) in tidal flat surface sediments of Yangtze Estuary were studied using the coastal tidal flat of Yangtze Estuary as typical research area, and the influence of sediment physico-chemical property on BSi accumulation was also investigated. The significant seasonal variations in sedimentary BSi were observed along the coastal zone of Yangtze Estuary. The contents of BSi in sediments varied from 0.46%~1.61% and gradually increased from land to sea in February, while in August they were in the range of 0.39%~1.36% and had the spatial distribution pattern opposite to February. The relation analysis of the sediment physico-chemical property and BSi announced that BSi contents had close correlation with sediment types and organic matter. In general, biogenic silica was apt to accumulate in the fine fractions of sediments rich in organic matter. Additionally, it was found that benthic diatoms might be an important source of biogenic silica in sediments. However, there existed the pronounced spatial difference in the contribution of benthic diatoms to biogenic silica in tidal flat sediments along the Yangtze estuarine and coastal zone.


In this study, the influence of edge delamination onset and growth on the postbuckling behavior of laminated composites is studied. Meanwhile, the main concerning is about the possible interlaminar degradation of laminated composites and its direct effect on the load carry capacity and functionality of working structures. For this purpose, the interface element with bilinear constitutive law is developed to capture possible delamination onset and growth and the ANSYS commercial software package is used to handle the nonlinear finite element analysis. The obtained numerical results depicted that the unstable delamination growth is mainly responsible for the structural collapse under compressive load.


Hydrothermal synthesis of CeO2 was optimized on two reactant concentrations and synthesis temperature and duration, in order to achieve material having the greatest specific surface area (SSA). Taguchi method of experimental design was employed in evaluation of the relative importance of synthesis parameters. CeO2 nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, and scanning electron microscopy. Optimum conditions for obtaining particles with greater SSA were calculated according to Taguchi?s model ?the-higher-the-better.? Synthesis temperature was found to be the only parameter significant for enabling nanoparticles with greater SSA. Mesoporous nanocrystalline ceria with SSA as great as 226?m2?g?1 was achieved, which is unprecedented for the hydrothermally synthesized ceria. The reason for this achievement was found in temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient which, when low, favors nucleation yielding with fine particles, while when high it favors crystal growth and formation of one-dimensional structures. The occurrence of 1D-structure in sample exhibiting the smallest SSA was confirmed. Very fine crystallites with crystallite size as low as 5.9?nm have been obtained being roughly inverse proportional to SSA. Selected samples were tested as catalyst for soot oxidation. Catalyst morphology turned out to be decisive factor for catalytic activity.


The government's current focus is on advancing the digitization of MSMEs with the "ensuring sustainability and inclusive growth" program, this is in line Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) number 8 concerning decent work and economic growth with target 8.2. The Bandung Government (DMPPSTP) provides a convenient solution for MSME activists in the city of Bandung in applying for business licenses through the GAMPIL (Gadget Mobile Application for License) application to make it easier for MSMEs to apply for business licenses, so that the economy continues to grow. and sustainable.This study analyzes the implementation of the GAMPIL application launched by the DMPSTP as a convenient solution for MSME activists in the city of Bandung in applying for business permits.The method used in this study is to use a mix method approach. The data was collected by distributing questionnaires to 101 MSME respondents in Bandung using GAMPIL, and interviewing 5 related sources. Based on the descriptive results, the variables performance expectancy, effort expectancy and price value are included in the very high category, while the facilitating condition and socialization variables are in the bottom two places with high categories for facilitating conditions and low for socialization variables. Variables that influence behavioral intention are price value, habit and perceived security and risks. The variables that influence usage behavior are facilitating condition and behavioral intention variables. As for the moderating variable, only the experience variable moderates behavioral intention towards usage behavior.


With the rapid development of modern applied mathematics and computer technology, artificial intelligence is used to calculate theory and analysis method can greatly promote system analysis techniques and information analysis and calculation of water science research and development. In this paper, drawing on a variety of new theory and analysis techniques, on the basis of analyzing the complex Morlet wavelet transform characteristics of time domain and frequency domain analysis, wavelet transform is studied in the process of scale factor and shift factor the influence of frequency resolution for fashion, from the Angle of the Parseval theorem and convolution theorem is deduced respectively on the quick and practical calculation method of the orthogonal wavelet transform coefficient, provides the complex Morlet wavelet cycle recognition algorithm.


The present invention, at least, circulating the cooling medium to cool a single crystal production apparatus for producing a single crystal by having a dividable chamber into a plurality, and the Czochralski method, at least one of the divided said in multiple chambers, the chambers that the flow path for circulating cooling medium circulation, the circulating cooling medium has a respective measuring means for measuring the inlet temperature, outlet temperature and the circulating cooling medium flow rate in the flow path for the circulating cooling medium, the inlet temperature, outlet temperature and from the measured value of the circulating cooling medium flow rate, and calculating means for calculating a ratio of the removed heat and / or remove heat from the chamber, controlling a pulling rate of the single crystal based on a ratio of the calculated removal amount of heat and / or remove heat single crystal production device and a method for producing a single crystal performed by using this control means is provided with a pulling rate that. Thus, to easily stabilize the crystal quality is provided a single crystal production device and a single crystal manufacturing method for manufacturing a single crystal. Single crystal, the circulation, the cooling medium temperature, flow rate, amount of heat, the pulling rate


Male sterility is a prerequisite for hybrid seed production. The phytohormone gibberellin (GA) are involved in regulating the male reproductive development, but the mechanism underlying GA homeostasis in anther development remains less understood. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a new positive regulator of GA homeostasis, Swollen Anther Wall 1 (SAW1), for anther development in rice (Oryza sativa). Rice plants carrying the recessive mutant allele saw1 produces abnormal anthers with a swollen anther wall and aborted pollen. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of SAW1 in rice generated similar male sterile plants. SAW1 encodes a novel nucleus-localizing CCCH-tandem zinc finger protein, and this protein could directly bind to the promoter region of the GA synthesis gene OsGA20ox3 to induce its anther-specific expression. In the saw1 anther, the significantly decreased OsGA20ox3 expression resulted in lower bioactive GA content, which in turn caused the lower expression of the GA-inducible anther-regulator gene OsGAMYB. Thus, our results disclose the mechanism of the SAW1-GA20ox3-GAMYB pathway in controlling rice anther development, and provide a new target gene for the rapid generation of male sterile lines by genome editing for hybrid breeding. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


We report the first field transmission experiment using the APRZ modulation format for 40-Gb/s transmission through 540 km SSMF, which confirms the improved nonlinear tolerance of APRZ. The optimum phase-modulation amplitude in this experiment is π/2.


In trhis paper, commercial Ku band ground terminal antennas for satellite reception, such as DirecTV's, have played a major role in the digital revolution. Another step further, commercial Ka and Ku band Tx/Rx terminals are evolving around applications requiring data rates from 100Kbps to a few 100Mbps. Examples of these applications include high speed internet, telemedicine, entertainment on- demand, and remote video monitoring, just to name a few. To meet these requirements, Raytheon has developed a family of commercial Ka and Ku band dual-offset shaped reflector antennas with three diameters, including 65cm, 75cm, and 95 cm.


Numerous studies have been already carried out to study the chloride threshold value for depassivation of the steel embedded in concrete. Most of them were based on natural penetration of chlorides, whose main disadvantage is that it is very time consuming and makes necessary a long time to obtain reliable data. Other methods used are the potentiostatic tests that, depending on the potential applied, may also take very long. Recently, an accelerated method to determine the threshold value of corrosion of steel by application of electrical fields has been developed. In this paper, results obtained, for the same concrete, using every method are given as well as a comparison of the advantages and drawbacks of each of them.


This study sought to compare beliefs regarding injury, accidents, and prevention behaviors between mothers and teachers in childcare centers. The subjects were 252 mothers whose children were aged between 1 and 4 years old and 264 teachers in childcare centers. The data were analyzed using t-tests, ANOVA, and partial correlation. Our results were as follows; 1) Mothers believed that by experiencing minor injuries young children would learn to recognize risk and develop their abilities to endure pain. Mothers engaged in prevention behaviors in accidents less when compared to teachers in childcare centers. 2) Mothers and teachers in childcare centers whose ages were below 30-years-old and whose education levels were below high school tended to believe young children would learn to recognize risk through accidents, and they engaged in prevention behaviors in accidents less. 3) There was a negative correlation between injury beliefs and prevention behaviors in accidents.


Both social and natural environments have profound effects on human health. This paper attempts to present an overview of recent environmental health status and related studies conducting in Taiwan. First, temporal trends of environmental health status in Taiwan are described. Then, regional variations of environmental health in Taiwan are discussed. Finally, different studies on relationships between human health and environment in Taiwan are introduced and examined. More work still needs to be done in order to give a complete perspective on geographical dimensions of disease occurrence and health care to improve our health policy in different parts of Taiwan.


Background: Chronic hepatitis C (C-HCV) is more prevalent in individuals with behavioral health (BH) diagnoses and those on opioid replacement therapy than in other groups. Accordingly, our aim was to evaluate the effect of C-HCV treatment on the quality of life (QOL) of individuals receiving opioid replacement therapy in a newly created C-HCV clinic attached to the methadone clinic in our 338 beds and 355,702 annual outpatient visits community hospital, serving the population of East Harlem, New York City, where it is located. Methods: Adult patients with behavioral health diagnoses were screened for C-HCV upon entry to the hospital and were referred for evaluation and treatment, as appropriate. The effect of treatment of C-HCV on the quality of life (QOL) was assessed by a questionnaire in which a maximum score of 174 is the worst QOL, and a score of zero is the best, at baseline, and at least 12 weeks post treatment. Results: Three hundred and eighty-seven patients with behavioral health diagnoses were screened. One hundred and fifteen of them had confirmed C-HCV. Twenty-one of those patients had attended the BH HCV clinic. Fourteen additional patients were evaluated at a later date. Nineteen patients agreed to participate in the QOL study. Of these, 15 (79%) completed therapy and were cured. A marked improvement in their QOL scores was documented at least 12 weeks after treatment. Conclusion: A model of care that includes C-HCV treatment in BH facilities leads to adherence to therapy and cure, which is associated with improved QOL and should be the standard practice.


Speaking of leadership is not easy, under which there are different definitions and views among scholars in the field, however: "It is good to highlight a version thereon; leadership is a social phenomenon that can occur under a given circumstance, which is manifested as the ability of an individual to motivate or inspire one or more persons to work with enthusiasm, dedication, good teamwork to achieve a certain goal, noteworthy that leadership is not imposed by designation of positions, but confirms spontaneously in the wake of a good sense of respect, admiration, credibility and security around the organization and the work done "


A significant share of classroom interaction occurs between teachers and language learners. Therefore, the individual characteristics of teachers could play facilitative or impeding roles thus encouraging or discouraging learners from getting engaged in interaction and meaning negotiation attempts when interacting with their teachers. Surprisingly however, this area has attracted scant attention. Therefore, this study aimed at exploring students' perceptions of their teachers' socio-communicative style and nonverbal immediacy in relation to their engagement in classroom teacher-learner interaction and frequency of meaning negotiation attempts in their interactions. To this aim, 72 students were randomly assigned to six classes of 12 taught by six teachers. Richmond, McCroskey and Johnson's (2003) nonverbal immediacy scale and McCroskey and Richmond's (1996) socio-communicative style scale were administered to students to tap into their perceptions of these two qualities of their teachers. Then the total amount of time the students were engaged in active interaction with the teachers and the number of meaning negotiation attempts employed by them were computed. The results of Correlations and Regression Analyses revealed significant relationships between teacher nonverbal immediacy, the two dimensions of socio-communicative style (Assertiveness and Responsiveness) and the students' willingness to engage in interaction and meaning negotiation with their teachers.


Melanin is a common name used for a certain type of natural dark pigments existing in living organisms, particularly in human hair, eyes, and skin. The unique free radical scavenging effect of melanine could help protecting cells and tissues from harmful UV light. While their exact molecular structures in nature are not still well defined, their multifunctional properties including electrical and ionic conductivities, antioxidation, wet adhesion, and metal ion chelation, are highlighted for the potential applications in bioorganic electronics including biomedical sensors and devices. In this mini-review, we will discuss sources, synthesis methods, structures and multifunctional properties of melanin materials in addition to current research directions on a wide range of applications.


1 The cultures on which this paper is based have been supported in part by grants from the Elizabeth Thompson Science Fund, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the Bache Fund of the NATIONAL, AcADEMY OF ScImNcUs. 2 Shull, G. H., "A New Gene Mutation (mut. buUlata) in Oenothera Lamarckiana and Its Linkage Relations," Zeitschr. findukt. Abstamm. u. Vererb. Supplementband 2, 1322-1342 (1928). 8 Shull, G. H., "Old-gold Flower Color, the Second Case of Independent Inheritance in Oenothera," Genetics, 11, 201-234 (1926). 4 Shull, G. H., "Crossing-Over in the Third Linkage Group in Oenothera," Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 13, 21-24 (1927).


The article recalls the opinions of scientists on the current state of the environment and the need for effective education in the field of sustainable development. It also presents considerations on the importance of human relationships (mainly between teacher and student but also student with him/herself). The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge and understanding of the role of relationships in solving environmental, educational and personal issues among the students of the Faculty of Biology and Agriculture of the University of Rzeszow in Poland. A survey was carried out among 100 participants, including 64 % of women. The research indicates that according to the surveyed students, the teacher should have authority and passion, and regardless of the subject they teach, they should also be interested in environmental problems with a good understanding of the assumptions of sustainable development. To save life on the planet, the majority of the students agreed on introducing the term "violence on the environment" in order to facilitate the creation of an ethical basis for improving the relationships with nature degraded in the 21st century by man. The respondents recognized the importance of good relationships with various people (student-teacher, student -student, etc.) as well as themselves. Highlighting these facts and disseminating them among teachers at all levels is of great importance and may be relevant for the effective teaching of the content related to sustainable development, which has become a priority. The study confirms the right assumption of a decade of education for sustainable development, concerning the necessity of constant education of various age and professional groups of the society around the world. There is little time left before it turns out that we will be the only species able to report their own destruction.


Extensive data were obtained of the water and fine sediment dynamics during spring tides in the extremely turbid Jiaojiang River estuary at spring tides. These data enabled the calibration of a two-dimensional (2-D) width-integrated model. Four processes dominated the mud dynamics. These were, firstly, the formation at slack tide of soft mud deposits with an erosion constant much smaller than that of the underlying compacted sediment, secondly the sediment-induced buoyancy effects, thirdly the collapse of the turbulence by the sediment suspension in the fluid mud range and fourthly the inflow of sediment at the mouth of the estuary. These findings demonstrate the necessity to have detailed field data to enable quantitative, as opposed to qualitative, modelling of mud dynamics in turbid estuaries. The estuary is infilling with sediment from the East China Sea and not from riverine inflow, this sediment presumably originates from the Yangtze River located 200 km further north.


Abstract: Ratio calibration of a digital voltmeter (DVM) is critical for applications such as load cell response for force measurement. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) DVM ratio service provides ratio voltage measurements that are traceable to the Josephson Voltage Standard (JVS). Previously, the service was supported by NIST JVS systems using manual measurements. The NIST JVS uses a conventional Josephson junction array which often experiences a spontaneous step transition, caused by electromagnetic interference, during its operation. An adjustment is required to obtain a stable voltage step for the ratio calibration. The programmable JVS (PJVS), developed in the last decade, uses an array with non-hysteretic steps to provide a stable voltage. The PJVS was implemented in the DVM ratio calibration service to improve the efficiency and reliability of the service. The new protocol can be executed automatically to reduce the labor cost of the calibration service. The uncertainty of the DVM ratio calibration can be improved by taking automatic multiple measurements. This paper describes the DVM ratio calibration procedure and compares the conventional JVS and PJVS protocols. Results of an actual DVM ratio calibration are presented.


Surveys studies in which psychometric tools were used in an attempt to measure change in students as a result of their participation in Clinical Pastoral Education. Gives special attention to the use of The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the Personality Orientation Inventory, Edwards Personal Preferance Schedule, the Adjective Check List, the Osgood Semantic Differential, Cattells' Sixteen Personality Factor Test, Leary's System for Interpersonal Diagnosis, the Carkhuff Scale, and The Empathy Test. Notes positive as well as limiting factors of research in which psychometric instruments have been used.


TO THE EDITOR: The recent outbreak and rapid spreading of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are a global threat and primary concern worldwide, with a still uncertain outcome. With the lack of effective therapy, chemoprevention, and vaccination, focusing on the immediate repurposing of existing drugs gives hope of curbing the pandemic. Here, I underline that so far there are no reports on the vitamin D status among affected persons. On the other hand, a large number of well-established data showed antiviral effects of vitamin D, which can interfere directly with viral replication, but also can act in an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory way (7). The latter effects could be crucial for their assumptive beneficial effects during SARS-CoV-2 infection, since it seems that SARS-CoV-2 initially uses immune evasion mechanisms, which in some patients is followed by immune hyperreaction and cytokine storm (1), as a common pathogenic mechanism of acute respiratory disease syndrome (ARDS) and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) development, regardless of the etiological factor. In that sense, the protective effect of vitamin D has been reported in many conditions associated with pneumonia, cytokine hyperproduction, and ARDS (2, 8, 10), and vitamin D was recently proposed as a repurposed drug for influenza A H5N1 virus-induced lung injury (3). Additionally, some studies suggest the effectiveness of vitamin D as an adjuvant therapy along with antiretroviral agents in HIV-infected patients (5). Furthermore, vitamin D pretreatment was beneficial in animal models of ARDS, reducing lung permeability by modulation of renin-angiotensin system activity and ACE2 expression (9). The role of vitamin D in the context of viral infections is also supported by findings of certain vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) alleles that are associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections (6), as well as with the progression of HIV infection (4). Owing to the lack of specific treatment and urgency to act, these findings could be tentatively extrapolated to SARSCoV-2 infection, justifying the use of vitamin D as a possible adjuvant therapy. From the public health aspect, the recommendation of intensive supplementation as possible prophylaxis also could be considered. Given the good tolerability and safety of even high doses of vitamin D, this approach complies primum non nocere principle. Investigations on vitamin D status and VDR polymorphisms of affected subjects could contribute to explain "unusual behavior" of SARS-CoV-2 spreading and a tremendous variety of COVID-19 clinical presentations and outcomes.


Tandem produces high-availability, general-purpose computers that provide fault tolerance through failfast hardware modules and fault-tolerant software2. This chapter presents a historical perspective of the Tandem systems' evolution and provides a synopsis of the company's current approach to implementing these systems. The article does not cover products announced since January 1990. At the hardware level, a Tandem system is a loosely-coupled multiprocessor with fail-fast modules connected with dual paths. A system can include a range of processors, interconnected through a hierarchical fault-tolerant local network. A system can also include a variety of peripherals, attached with dual-ported controllers. A novel disk subsystem allows a choice between low cost-per-byte and low cost-per-access. System software provides processes and messages as the basic structuring mechanism. Processes furnish software modularity and fault isolation; process pairs tolerate hardware and transient software failures. Applications are structured as requesting processes that make remote procedure calls to server processes. Process server classes utilize multiprocessors. The resulting process abstractions provide a distributed system that can take advantage of thousands of processors. High-level networking protocols such as SNA, OSI, and a proprietary network are built on top of this base. A relational database provides distributed data and distributed transactions. Databases can optionally be replicated at several sites for protection against environmental disasters. An application generator allows users to develop fault-tolerant applications as though the system were a conventional computer. The resulting system provides price/performance competitive with traditional systems. IThis article is scheduled to appear as a chapter of the second edition of the book Theory and Practice of Reliable System Design. edited by D. Siewiorek, and published by Digital Press. It is a revision of a two-year-old version of the paper of the same title, which is now obsolete. 2 The following are trademarks or service marks of Tandem Computers Incorporated: CLX. CYCLONE. DYNABUS. DYNABUS+. ENCOMPASS. ENFORM. ENSCRIBE. EXPAND. FOX. GUARDIAN. GUARDIAN 90. MEASURE. NonStop. NonStop SQL. PATHMAKER. TAL. Tandem. TMDS, TXP, VIEWPOINT. VLX.. TABLE OF CONTENTS IN"IRODUCIlON '" " , 1 HARDWARE 3 ~Ft[)WAREf\Ft~~ 3 PROCESSOR MODUlES 4 DYNABUS INTERPROCESSOR BUS 6 FIBER-OPTIC EXTENSION (FOX) LINKS 7 DYNABUS+ FIBER-OPTIC DYNABUS EXTENSION 8 SYSTEM POWER AND PACKAGING 9 EVOLUTIONARY CHANGES 10 PERIPIfERALS 10 The 6100 Communication Subsystem 11 Disk Subsystem '" 11 Peripheral Controllers '" 12 PROCESSOR MODULE IMPLEMENTAnON DETAILS 15 NonS top I 15 Dual-Port Controllers 15 Fault-Tolerant I/O Considerations '" 16 NonStop II 16 I/O Channel. " . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. 17 Diagnostic Data Transceiver (DDT) 17 Virtual Memory , 18 Maintenance '" " 18 TXP PROCESSOR 18 Manufacturing and Testing 22 VLX PROCESSOR MODULE 22 Maintenance " 24 CLX PROCESSOR MODULE 24 Data Integrity Through Fail-Fast Operation 30 CYCLONE PROCESSOR MODULE 32 Cyclone Technology 32 Cyclone Processor Architecture 32 Cyclone Fault Tolerance, Data Integrity, and Reliability Features 35 MAINTENANCE FACILITIES AND PRACTICES 37 EARLY MElHODS 37 OPERATIONS AND SERVICE PROCESSOR (OSP) 37 Tandem Maintenance and Diagnostic System (TMDS) 37 SOFIWARE '" 40 Overview 40 GUARDIAN: An Integrated OLTP Operating System 40 Fundamental System Structure 41 Initialization and Processor Loading 42 Processor Synchronization 43 I'm Alive Protocol '" " '" 43 Regroup Protocol 43 Global Update Protocol 43 Time Synchronization " 44 GUARDIAN Kernel Services 44 Processes '" 45 MeIIlOry Management 45 Interprocess Messages " 46 Tolerating Software Faults 47 Process Pairs , 48 I/O Processes " 50


In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) model for the typhoon wave overtopping was developed using the database by a numerical wave flume simulation. The developed ANN model is effective for saving calculation time largely. The accuracy of the model is also approached to over 95% of the numerical simulation. This accuracy was evaluated by the correlation coefficient and the root mean square error with the target data of the numerical simulation and output of the ANN model. This model quickly produces the mean wave overtopping rate, maximum wave run-up height, maximum wave overtopping depth and velocity at the middle point in the coastal road without high-fidelity numerical model and high-computing resources. It means that the typhoon warning system including the ANN models is powerful and useful rather than only the monitoring warning system currently in use.


As the CMOS technology advancing rapidly, it becomes urgent to find a solution toward the suppress of rising leakage current. In recent researches, the optimization of MOS length was reported to decrease 30% subthreshold leakage current at the sacrifice of only several percent dynamic power and active area. Besides, Dual-Vth method was proposed to compromise the leakage current and the slew-rate (SR) performance. In this paper, the proposed 2×VDD output buffer with a novel PVTL (Process, Voltage, Temperature, Leakage) compensation circuit takes advantage of combining the two methods mentioned above to achieve 75% subthreshold current reduction in cutoff region, and better SR with the gate leakage trade-off. The proposed design is all-corner simulated at 800 MHz data rate and a 20 pF load given 1.05 V/1.8 V supply voltage using in a typical 28 nm CMOS process to justify the performance of the proposed compensation circuit.


The events discussed focus on a major issue, which has caused widespread concern amongst both the government and the ordinary people. As if to reinforce the significance of the chorten and lhakhang in Bhutan, there have been several recent examples which highlight their importance. One photograph in Kuensel showed a new "Enlightenment Stupa" erected by high school children at Daga High School to mark the Silver Jubilee in 1999. More recently, in late December 1999, the Khamsum Yuelly Namgyel chorten was formally consecrated in Punakha valley. It's purpose to "help remove negative forces and promote peace, stability and harmony in a changing world".


of which are quite breathtaking for example his statement (p. 88) that the chorus circled in one direction in the strophe and reversed direction in the antistrophe, and that this mirrored the reversal pattern of the plot. C. sets out to re-define Greek dramatic structure by combining the techniques of structural analysis in the Levi-Strauss manner with his own extension of the study of interrelated structures practised by the 'new critics'. He attempts, in his confused analyses of the plays, to categorize all extant tragedies into four types: the choral lament in disaster in which he includes the Agamemnon as well as the Troades; the reversal drama of action; formal debate resulting in the restoration of order; and a loosely ironic treatment of order restored and heroism as themselves unreal. The four types together in some way reflect the trilogy and satyr-play sequence, and he also detects a 'trilogy pattern of events' in the form of single plays like the O.T. Few scholars would accept C.'s 'fatal flaw' as an adequate explanation of Aristotelian hamartia, while accepting that A. exerted undue influence on dramatic criticism; neither would they easily understand texture, in C.'s words,' in the sense of the body of non-plot creation which the Greek dramatist engaged in to produce a drama with specific, unified meaning'. There is no bibliography, but the authors cited show little or no knowledge of up-to-date work on Greek drama.


The article demonstrates that the Iridium satellite constellation is of the greatest interest for the organization of data transmission in the aircraft monitoring system, since it provides a stable connection between the aircraft and the control center. In this regard, additional interfaces are also provided to facilitate user access for some data transmission services in the Iridium system. It is found that, it is necessary to use a hardware-software complex when operating Iridium satellite communications. It allows displaying information on the aircraft location on the screen, as well as information from the object's sensors. The authors propose an automated system for monitoring mobile and stationary objects "Navigator-S" as a basic version of such a hardware-software complex. At the same time, information is transmitted over the GSM channel monitoring the location of the aircraft and the state of the contact and parametric sensors.


In order to detect the conductivity of electrode materials for supercapacitors, a new method is used in this paper, which is called Magnetically Mediated Thermoacoustic Detecting Method (MMTDM). Firstly, the principle of Magnetically Mediated Thermoacoustic Detecting Method is studied. Secondly, the simulation model of Magnetically Mediated Thermoacoustic Detecting Method is built, and the ultrasonic signal of the model is obtained. Finally, the self-made supercapacitor electrode material and pure aluminum foil were used as experimental targets for detection and comparison. The results of numerical simulations and physical experiments show that the Magnetically Mediated Thermoacoustic Detecting Method can realize the non-contact detection of the conductivity of energy storage materials. This paper provides a good theoretical and experimental basis for the application of Magnetically Mediated Thermoacoustic Detecting Method in the non-contact detection of energy storage materials.


User gained experience resulting from trial applications of proposed structural design guidelines for Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) core components is presented. This work was done supporting the design analyses process for consumable core components for the Fast Test Reactor (FTR) of the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF). The proposed guidelines were found to be more comprehensive and generally easier to apply than those methods previously used. Component evaluation required a minimum amount of detailed inelastic analysis, primarily through the use of simplified inelastic analysis methods, as given in the guidelines. A major shortcoming of this draft criteria/guidelines is a lack of supporting irradiated material properties. Some areas of guidance given seems ambiguous and may be non-conservative, particularly those related to stress classification unique to FBR environments. Further verification of these areas appears to be in order.


The relation between technology and society is a practical issue,which should be concerned and re-thought in the technological society.Understanding the relation has important meanings to dispose and resolve issues for the harmonious development of technology and society.About the issue,there is opposing and controversy between the technology determining society and society determining technology at all times.This paper interprets the two theories from the view of philosophy and analyzes the similarities and differences and relations of the two theories.


Teachers in this country still face various challenges or obstacles to implement ICT to improve reading skills among students. There are still many teachers in Malaysia who do not use ICT facilities in their learning despite being advised by the Malaysian Ministry of Education (MOE). Teachers still practice the old traditional way of teaching in the classroom which is seen as easier. The integration of ICT is very low because the teachers themselves are not skilled and weak in using the technology in reading skills. Thus, the Ministry of Education and Culture has created a Malaysian Education Development Plan 2013-2025 to apply ICT in Learning and Facilitation (PdPc) in the classroom to improve students reading skills. The purpose of this study is to identify the challenges faced by teachers when integrating Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to improve reading skills among students and suggestions to overcome them. The results of the study found that the level of integrating TMK in reading skills is still moderate. It is due to the teacher himself who refuses to change himself to accept the use of ICT in teaching.


When Slovenia joined the European Union the marketing of real estate has expended over the country's borders. The thesis discusses the marketing of residential real estates in the municipality of Gorizia and municipality of Nova Gorica in the time period from January 2013 to February 2013. We assume that the prices of residential real estates in the municipality of Gorizia are lower than the prices in the municipality of Nova Gorica. Based on this, we analyse the residential real estate market in the municipality of Gorizia, the market environment in the municipality of Nova Gorica, we segment residential real estate market and analyse the purchasing behavior of citizens of the Municipality of Nova Gorica. Based on the analysis we establish an appropriate marketing mix of residential real estate.
The analysis results confirm the hypothesis that the majority of residential real estates in the municipality of Gorizia are cheaper than the residential real estates in municipality of Nova Gorica. We discovered that residential real estates in the municipality of Gorizia are becoming more and more interesting for the citizens of the municipality of Nova Gorica, mainly because they are cheaper. Based on this we think that it is worth to take advantage of the opportunity and buy a residential property located in the municipality of Gorizia. For potential customers in the municipality of Nova Gorica two and three-room apartments of higher quality class in the suburb of Gorizia, with a price between 900 EUR and 1.200 EUR per square meter would be particularly interesting.


Abstract Guide rings and rolling bodies are mainly made of alloy steel with a high chromium content, heat treated, as well as of carburising steel. The efforts to improve the standard of quality of bearing steels are determined by the interest of continuously increasing the adhesion of constructive types. These steels are recommended for large bearings which operate under shock and vibration conditions. Thermochemical treatments are followed by quenching and tempering heat treatments. However, undesirable defects occur sometimes on the surface of the carburised layer and solutions are constantly being sought to identify the causes thereof.


time of data collection. m ultivariate analyses were used to examine all sex-race-psychopathology combinations. The find- ings indicate that Black males and females with comorbid APD and Psychopathy were more likely to commit violent crime than similarly situated w hite males. w hile gendered patterns of aggression may characterize males and females in the aggre- gate, the present study clearly highlights the importance of considering sex/race subgroups when examining the relationship between psychopathology and violent crime.


Multiple-energy Si+ implantation in the range 30–360 keV into Al0.13Ga0.87N for n-type doping was carried out at room temperature, followed by annealing at 1150–1375 °C for 5 min. Activation efficiencies close to 100% were obtained for ion doses of 1.0×1015cm−2 after annealing at 1375 °C, with a resulting sheet resistance of 74Ω∕square. By sharp contrast, the activation efficiency at 1150 °C was only 4% for this dose, with a sheet resistance of 1.63×104Ω∕square. The activation efficiency was also a function of dose, with a maximum activation percentage of only 55% for lower doses of 1.0×1014cm−2 annealed at 1375 °C. This is due to the comparatively larger effect of compensating acceptors at the lower dose and is also lower than the corresponding activation of Si in pure GaN under these conditions (78%). The measurement temperature dependence of sheet carrier density showed an activation energy of 23 meV, consistent with the ionization energy of Si in AlGaN.


Colon diverticula may require emergency or elective surgery depending on its complications. Our aim is to compare the Hartmann's procedure and resection with primary anastomosis in the patients with colon diverticulitis and to demonstrate the surgical approach of our clinic. Patients were evaluated retrospectively who were operated for colon diverticulitis between January 2010 and January 2020. The patients who underwent emergency surgery for left colon diverticulitis were divided into two groups as patients with primary anastomosis resection (group 1) and Hartmann's procedure (group 2) and the groups were compared. In the aspect of the development of complications there was no remarkable difference between the groups (P = .56). Postoperative early mortality rate was similar in two groups (P = .12). According to the Hinchey classification, 31.7% of the cases were stage I, 9.8% were stage II, 31.7% were stage III, and 26.8% were stage IV. There was not a distinction in morbidity and mortality rates between Hartmann's procedure and resection with primary anastomosis. The best surgical approach should be determined by considering the operation to be performed, the patient's preferences, clinical status, and the predicted results of the surgical treatment of perforated diverticulitis.


The article is devoted to the issues of reflexivity and social intelligence in a person. According to him, the relationship between the characteristics of reflexivity in a person and social intelligence is substantiated. Also, a psychological study was conducted to investigate the relationship between reflexivity and social intelligence, and the results were analyzed.


Teaching in different levels is one of the entry points in College English teaching reform.Effective teaching begins in setting accurately what the desired goal is.The foundation of carrying out the stratified teaching approach is to make the teaching goals of different levels.Articles on the stratified teaching are mostly theoretical,or just give operation steps.Fewer present the research results.With the methods of teaching object hierarchy,materials processing hierarchy,teaching aims,level of classroom teaching to do the research,the students of Grade 2010 are taken as subjects to conduct the study of teaching in different levels.SPSS statistical software is used to analyze the questionnaire and test results.The experimental results show that to some extent,the layer teaching can help to improve the students'learning efficiency,especially to prevent C-layer students'loss interest in learning.


OLIE A DEUX or induced psychotic disorder is a psychiatric condition which has fascinated psychiatrists since its description by Lasegue and Falret in 1877.' It epitomizes the worst imaginable form of what may be a ubiquitious concern, a pathological relationship in which one individual adversely affects another; in this case, literally drives the other person crazy. Ingmar Bergman's film, "Cries and Whispers," is a popular dramatization of this theme. In it, a nurse is inexorably drawn into the psychosis of her patient. Induced Psychotic Disorder is the most recent in a long list of alternative names for this disease entity, again emphasizing the concept of a mental disease being transmitted from one individual to another. A brief list might include induced insanity, infectious insanity, contagious insanity, reciprocal or double insanity, parasitic insanity, insanity by association, conjugal insanity, symbiotic insanity, and induced schizophrenia.2*3 DSM-III emphasized the paranoid nature of the shared delusions and originally classified it as a shared paranoid disorder in which there is a persecutory delusional system that develops as a result of a close relationship with a person who already has an established paranoid psychosis. This has been criticized for being too restrictive.4 Although persecutory delusions seemed to be the most common delusion in shared psychotic disorders (70% in Gralnick's study), religious, grandiose and hypochondriacal delusions occur. Also, the primary diagnosis need not always be a paranoid psychosis or paranoid schizophrenia. The newer DSM-III-R nomenclature has omitted the criteria of an established paranoid psychosis. The DSM-III-R criteria are: A. A delusion(s) develops (in a secondary case), in the context of a close relationship with another person, or persons, with an already established delusion(s) (the primary case). B. The delusion(s) of the secondary case are similar in content to the delusion(s) of the primary case. C. Immediately prior to the onset of the induced delusion the secondary case did not have a psychotic disorder.


Objective To study the changes of the myocardial cellular structure and energy metabolism and to explore the effects of myocardial energy metabolic disorders on the development into the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) rats. Methods The SIRS rat model was created by injecting high dose endotoxin (20 mg/kg). The contents of ATP, ADP and AMP were measured with the method of HPLC in the myocardium of the SIRS A group rats (1 hour after injections of endotoxin), the SIRS B group rats (3 hours after injections of endotoxin) and the control group rats (no endotoxin was given). The pathological changes in all the SIRS rats were studied with the electron microscope. Results The contents of ATP, ADP and AMP in the SIRS A group rats [( 1.51 ± 0.39 )×10 -1 ,( 3.22 ± 0.59 )×10 -1 and ( 2.17 ± 0.56 )×10 -1 mmol/g] and the SIRS B group rats [( 1.31 ± 0.53 )×10 -1 ,( 2.75 ± 0.74 )×10 -1 and ( 1.88 ± 0.57 )×10 -1 mmol/g] were lower than those in the control group rats [( 2.57 ± 0.82 )×10 -1 ,( 5.75 ± 0.69 )×10 -1 and ( 5.35 ± 0.76 )×10 -1 mmol/g](P 0.05 ). No significant difference in the ATP, ADP and AMP contents was found between the SIRS A group rats and SIRS B group rats. Under the electron microscope, the mitochondria in myocardium cells revealed structural disorders with vacuolar degeneration and edematous myocardial fibers in all the SIRS rats. Conclusions Energy metabolism disorders and mitochondria dysfunctions of the myocardium may play an important role in the development of SIRS.


In June of 2005 and in May of 2006, the writer has collected some paper bags of mosses and dry barks from Huangshan (alt. 1200-1500 in) of Anhui Province and Qufu City (Konglin) of Shandong Province. During 2006, some paper bags of mosses and powdery remnant of wood were collected by Ms. WEI Yin-Xin of Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Dr. WANG Quan-Xi of Shanghai Normal University from Sanya City of Hainan Province, Zalantun City and Genhe City of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Wudalianchi City and Yichun City of Heilongjiang Province. Some paper bags of mosses, lichens and punks were collected by a graduate student Mr. Chen Feng from Milin County (29 degrees 13 ' N; 94 degrees 13 ' E; alt. 2 997 m) and Damxung County (30 degrees 27 ' N; 91 degrees 10 ' E; alt. 4060 m) of Tibet Autonomous Region. Our knowledge of Tardigrada from these areas was rather meager. Using precipitation method, the writer have gotten more tardigrade specimens from these mosses, powdery remnant of wood, lichens and punks, including one new species and four newly recorded species for China. Simple descriptions of these species are given below.


The purpose of this article is to eliminate methodological discrepancies in the definition of the problem of "hybrid" use of force and the possibility of using this construct when interfering in the internal affairs of states. In any conflict situation, the behavior of states in moving towards their national goals can be explained through how they do combine and synchronize (as it is often defined at the present time — «hybrid») the use of means of compellence and coercion available to them. In general, conceptually «hybrid war» can be described as "the synchronized use of multiple instruments of national power, specially selected to obtain mutually reinforcing effects on specific vulnerabilities across the entire spectrum of social processes. The substance of the modern security environment has led to an increase in the number of areas of conflict of interests of actors, the complexity and dynamism of conflicts, and the unpredictability of their outcomes. The formation of the practice of attribution of international responsibility, and the development of the international institutions supporting it, took place gradually and, ultimately, led to such a development of the international security environment, which made an appeal to «hybridity» to promote national interests in the process of political competition of social groups or individuals with divergent interests for power inevitable. The problem of terminology is one of the main obstacles to a clear understanding of the operation of the «hybridity» construct in political competition. The active use of the definition «hybrid» by propaganda in combination with the terms «war», «threats», «hostilities in the gray zone», «operations», «tactics», «competition does not turn into a state of war» political discourse, since these terms are almost never linked to the definition of the desired state of international relations by the state leadership. And if we are talking about the outcome of the collision of interests of actors in competition or conflict, then this desired result is «historically» defined by the term «victory». Thus, the definition of the substance of «victory» is a necessary initial point to onset analyzing the possibilities of turning to any of the instruments of national power in a «hybrid» confrontation.


Exclusive electroproduction of charmonium (J/ψ) in ep collisions at HERA has been studied by both H1 and ZEUS using integrated luminosities of 27 pb−1 and 75 pb−1, respectively. The J/ψ state is identified via its leptonic decay channels. Cross sections have been measured as functions of Q2 and W. Angular distributions of the decay leptons have been measured and the ratio R=σL/σT is extracted as a function of Q2.


The Xiuyan jade waste exhibits prominent antibacterial properties after mechanical activation; these properties can be further optimized through low-temperature annealing. To elucidate its antibacterial mechanism, analysis methods involving metal-ion leaching monitoring and zeta potential analysis were used. Although the activated waste cannot be easily dissolved in water, Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions precipitated when the waste particles were dispersed in water. The particle surface showed different degrees of electronegativity, which could be the main reason for the antibacterial properties of the material. This study proved the importance of the surface electrical properties of activated waste particles on their properties by observing their adsorption capacity for methylene blue. At the annealing temperature of 270 °C, the Xiuyan jade waste exhibited the highest electronegativity and optimal antibacterial properties as well as the adsorption rate of methylene blue, verifying the significance of electronegativity of activated mineral waste powders on the antibacterial mechanism.


The objective of the study was to determine the factors that influence the perceptions of smallholder farmers towards the adoption of digital technologies. A purposively selected sample of 250 smallholder farmers who were cross-sectionally surveyed from Port St Johns and Ingquza Hill Local Municipalities in South Africa was used in the study. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Attention, Desire, and Action (AIDA) model were used to analyse the data. The results showed that digital technologies were perceived to be expensive, cause a digital divide, and discouraged the use of Indigenous Knowledge even though they increased production. Positive perception towards digital technologies was associated with cattle rearing, with extreme negative perception for sheep and goat rearing. Educational level, employment status, monthly income, household size, being part of a cooperative (1% level), age, and source of income (10% level) were significant factors affecting smallholder farmers' perceptions of digital technologies. In conclusion, there are economic, social justice, and traditional perceptions towards digital technologies by smallholder farmers, with socio-economic factors affecting the perceptions. The study recommends providing low-cost digital technologies that promote Indigenous Knowledge, which should target the youth and young farmers with less education in small households who are full-time farmers with moderate-to-high incomes and are part of farmer groups/organisations.


This paper focuses on a method of increasing the number of the limit cycle by changing or adding the number of perturbation term. After using the detection function, the number of limit cycles can be increased from 5 to 9 when perturbation term reaches 5 degrees, and from 9 to 10 when perturbation term reaches 7 degrees.


Disclosed is a holding device for at least a plurality of cup capacitors (10, 10 ') with a large storage capacity, adapted to an application in the electric drive technology. The holding device (H) comprises a lower and an upper holder portion (12, 11) joined together and can be separated. At the upper holder part (11) are arranged axially projecting retaining clips (13) centrally around the or each capacitor container (10, 10 '). The lower holder part (12) has a respective opening for each of the capacitors, which is respectively surrounded by a sealing lip (29). In a fitting or slipping over the lower holder part (12) on the or the capacitors (10) and the upper part (11), the retaining clips (13) from the inner surface (22) of the base (12) to the or down the condensers. The one or more of the respective opening of the lower part (12) protruding (s) portion (s) (32) of the or of the capacitors are exposed to direct the flow of cooling air (W) to be a device (G) and the sealing lip (29) is located on the outer wall of the cup or capacitors to a sealing for preventing the ingress of solids or liquids in an inside of the lower holder part (12). A high IP protection is achievable.