Chinese f lame tree (Koelreuteria bipinnata var. integrifoliola), a common ornamental tree in southern China, exhibits a variety of fruit colors among individual plants within the same cultivated field. In this study, 44 plants with different fruit colors were selected to investigate the impact of pigment composition on the coloration of fruit peels. The plants were divided into three groups based on the color phenotype of the fruit peel: red, pink, and green. The values of lightness (L*) were negatively correlated with redness (a*) and positively correlated with yellowness (b*). The correlations of chroma (C*) with the other color parameters differed among the three groups. In the pooled pink and red groups, C* was negatively correlated with both L* and b* and positively correlated with a*, whereas the opposite relationships were found in the green group. According to the pigment analysis, anthocyanins, chlorophylls, and carotenoids were detected in the fruit peels. Anthocyanins were found to be the main pigment responsible for the differences in fruit color among the various groups. The highest anthocyanin content of fruit peel was found in the red group, followed by the pink group; the lowest anthocyanin levels appeared in the green group. Themajor anthocyanin component in the fruit peels was identified as cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside. By classifying fruit peel color and determining pigment composition, this study provides a theoretical basis for further researching genetic control and regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes on pigment accumulation and peel coloration of chinese flame tree. Koelreuteria bipinnata var. integrifoliola, known as the chinese flame tree, is a deciduous tree of the Sapindaceae family. Because of its high ornamental value and adaptability, chinese flame tree has been used extensively in landscaping in recent years and as a street tree to decorate cities in southern China. The trees of this species appear golden during the flowering period in late summer, and the optimal time to view the fruit is in autumn. In autumn, the branches of chinese flame tree are encrusted with lantern-like and membranous capsules, and the peels of fruit at the same developmental stage can display a variety of colors, including dark green, yellow green, light green, pink, and bright red. Many factors affect the colors of ornamental plant tissues such as fruit and flowers. These factors include the composition and chemical structure of pigments, vacuolar pH, cell shape, and environmental factors (Cooper-Driver, 2001). Among these factors, pigment composition and content are the most important. In addition to the chlorophylls commonly found in green tissues, flavonoids and carotenoids are main pigments determining the colors of plants (Tanaka et al., 2008). Anthocyanins are the most important flavonoids that affect the flower and fruit colors of plants, and they control the color change of plant tissues from pink, red, and purple to blue (Grotewold, 2006). Carotenoids are accessory components for photosynthesis and play important roles in photoprotection. In addition, a substantial accumulation of carotenoids in fruit and petals can result in yellow, orange, and red colors (Hirschberg, 2001; Ohmiya, 2013). All of these pigments are present in varying ratios in the fruit peel and exert significant effects on peel coloration. For instance, changes in the compositional ratio of chlorophylls and carotenoids can promote color changes from green to yellow for the fruit peels of 'Le Lectier' pear [Pyrus communis (Charoenchongsuk et al., 2015)], mango [Mangifera indica (Rungpichayapichet et al., 2015)], and 'Valencia' sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (Wei et al., 2014)]. The peels of some other fruit contain a considerable amount of anthocyanins and, thus, appear red or purple when ripening; such fruits include apple [Malus sylvestris var. domestica (Honda et al., 2002)], grape [Vitis vinifera (Ortega-Regules et al., 2006)], and pomegranate [Punica granatum (Zhao et al., 2015)]. Previous studies on the fruit of Koelreuteria plants have primarily focused on methods of pigment abstraction from fruit peels and the identification of medicinal ingredients (Liang et al., 2005; Lin et al., 2014; Yang, 2008; Yuan et al., 2013). To our knowledge, little work has been dedicated to investigating fruit color of chinese flame tree, and no qualitative analysis of the major pigments in the fruit peel of this species has been reported. In the present study, the fruit color phenotype of different plants of chinese flame tree were determined using a colorimeter and then described and classified by using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The effect of pigment composition on fruit coloration was then explored via Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. Furthermore, the structure of the major anthocyanin components in the fruit peel was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization and mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). This work provides a physiological background, which includes classification of phenotypes and distinct metabolite in different individuals or groups of chinese flame tree, for further molecular studies on genetic control and regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in this plant. Received for publication 3 Jan. 2018. Accepted for publication 30 Apr. 2018. This work was supported by Zhejiang Provincial Major Program of New Cultivar Breeding (Grant no. 2012C12909-1). Corresponding author. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. 184 J. AMER. SOC. HORT. SCI. 143(3):184–193. 2018. Materials and Methods PLANT MATERIALS. Most plants of chinese flame tree used in the market were obtained by seedling from seeds. The plants with colorful fruit among different individuals used in this research are older than 10 years and cultivated in a consistent growth environment in Hangzhou, China. Forty-four elite plants with representative fruit colors were selected. Three to four infructescences (with 30 fruit per infructescence) from each individual plant were collected at the full bearing period in Oct. 2016 (the optimal viewing period for this fruit). After the removal of the seeds, the color phenotypes of the fruit peels were analyzed. The remaining fruit peels were dried with allochroic silica gel, ground into powder, and stored in darkness at –20 C before pigment analysis. COLOR ANALYSIS OF FRUIT PEELS. The L*, a*, and b* of the fruit peels were measured using a portable colorimeter (CR-10; Konica Minolta, Tokyo, Japan) under constant light conditions. The C* and hue angle (h) of the fruit peels were calculated as follows: C* = (a* + b*) and h = arctan (b*/a*) (Gonnet, 1998). Each measurement was performed with five biologic replications. PRELIMINARY QUALITAT IVE ANALYSIS OF PIGMENTS. For each sample, 0.1 g of powdered fruit peel was added to a test tube containing 5 mL of petroleum ether, 10% HCl, or 30% NH3 H2O. After the mixture was oscillated and filtered, the color of the filtrate was observed (Bai et al., 2006). Equivalent powdered fruit peel from each sample was added to 5 mL of acetone: petroleum ether (9:1, v/v), acetone: petroleum ether (1:1, v/v), or HCl: methanol (1:99, v/v) at 4 C and left in darkness for 24 h for extraction. The extracts were diluted to a constant volume of 10 mL and then scanned by using an ultraviolet– visible (ultraviolet-Vis) spectrophotometer (ultraviolet-3802; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) within the ranges of 400–700, 200–700, and 220–600 nm (Bai et al., 2006; Zhao et al., 2004). DETERMINAT ION OF TOTAL CHLOROPHYLL AND CAROTENOIDS. For each sample, 0.05 g of powder was added to 5 mL of 80% acetone in darkness at 4 C and left for 24 h. The extract was filtered through a 0.22-mm membrane filter before analysis. The absorbance (A value) of the sample solution was measured at detection wavelengths of 470, 647, and 663 nm using an ultraviolet-Vis spectrophotometer (ultraviolet-3802). Each sample was subjected to extraction and measured in three biologic replications. The concentrations of chlorophylls and carotenoids were calculated using the following formulae (Lichtenthaler, 1987): Chlorophyll a milligrams per liter ð Þ= 12:25A663 2:79A647; Chlorophyll b milligrams per liter ð Þ = 21:50A647 5:10A663; Total chlorophylls milligrams per liter ð Þ = 7:15A663 þ 18:71A647; Table 1. Color parameters of the fruit peels of 44 samples determined by colorimeter (n = 5). Sample no. CIEL*a*b* coordinate (mean ± SE)


The larvae of Protoparce carolina are excellent subjects for the study of the anatomy of a developing insect. Its size and abundance during the late summer and early fall make it an available subject throughout the middle west. There are no detailed investigations of the larva of this family, so that a discussion, such as is given in the following pages, would not seem out of place. This investigation was started under Dr. A. D. MacGillivray, in order to acquire some information as to the internal anatomy of insects. Since there is such a dearth of literature dealing with the larvae of American Lepidoptera, I have prepared, at his suggestion, the following descriptions and figures. I am greatly indebted to Dr. MacGillivary for suggestions and other help. I have found Mr. A. G. Hammer's excellent paper on the nervous system of the larva of Corydalis cornuta L. very useful and wish to express my appreciation of it.


Public service motivation (PSM) scholarship has mushroomed since the early 2000s. After initially being an exclusively Western field of study, scholarship has recently become more internationalised. As a corollary, scholars have begun to formulate a research agenda for advancing non-Western PSM research. To contribute to this advancement, and examine how non-Western PSM scholarship has developed in recent years, we conduct a systematic literature review of 83 empirical studies published between 2015 and 2020. We assess origin of scholarship, theories, samples and methodologies used, and empirical findings on the relation between PSM and key antecedents and outcomes. Our findings show that non-Western PSM scholarship is growing, and increasingly using contextual variables to explain variance in findings in comparison with Western studies. That being said, ample opportunity remains for leveraging contextual and regional particularities to build a more distinct body of scholarship. We conclude with suggestions for further advancing non-Western PSM research.


The writer wishes to add that this was a bit of emergency surgery, done under rather unfavorable circumstances, for it was accomplished in a cold barn on a cold, stormy day, and the only instruments used were a pair of scissors, a scalpel, a large curved needle and the necessary amount of linen suturing material. Editor's Note. Veterinarians need not have any reluctance about doing laparotomies in cattle, for there is apparently but little risk in such operations in this species. When such an operation is required to correct torsion of the uterus, it is advisable to operate through the right flank for the Wterus is always forced to the right side of the abdomen by the rumen, and it can be manipulated without serionsly disturbing the small intestines.


Taking control over one's destiny by proactive internationalization has been considered an important performance indicator in small business research. We develop a model that examines how internal and external contextual factors influence SMEs' foreign market entry through proactive initiation of business relationships in foreign markets. The ability to proactively leverage such relationships is essential for opening up avenues into foreign markets and serves as a first step in negating the liability of outsidership that could prohibit firms from acquiring relevant market‐specific resources. By examining the dynamics that either can enable or constrain firms in their efforts to become insiders in foreign markets in the entry phase, we contribute to international small business theory. We also add conceptual and practical insights to international small business research by providing valuable empirical verification of how and to what extent the proactive initiation of foreign business relationships of SMEs is internally or externally conditioned.


We study the structure of minimal attraction centers of recurrent trajectories of continuous maps of the interval, i.e. trajectories of points, which belong to their ω-limit sets. We establish sufficient conditions, under which a pair of closed sets is realizable as the pair of the ω-limit set and the minimal attraction center of a recurrent trajectory of a continuous map. The case when these conditions are necessary and are not sufficient is also discussed and corresponding examples are suggested.


In the ideal classroom, students are engaged, prepared, open-minded, and inquisitive. The classroom environment provides the optimal balance between challenge and support that best supports deep learning. While we may hope that we are providing that ideal environment, students may be facing obstacles about which we are completely unaware. To help uncover these obstacles to learning, this article invites law teachers to consider their assumptions about students' lives and attitudes.


Kinetics of heterogeneous nucleation of n-alcohols (C20OH and C22OH) on vapor-deposited thin films of fatty acid is studied both experimentally and theoretically. A kinetic model describing the three-dimensional nucleation and subsequent growth on active centers is solved numerically. The basic characteristics of nucleation process, such as nucleation rate and the total number of nuclei on unit surface, are determined from the distribution function. Depletion of active centers on template film has been incorporated into our computation. The interfacial energy was chosen to get best coincidence between theoretical and experimental data of the total number of nuclei, which gives 0.0029 J m−2 for C20OH and 0.00285 J m−2 for C22OH, respectively.


Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMVs) are an important input to many Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. EUMETSAT derives AMVs from several of its orbiting satellites, including the geostationary satellites (Meteosat), and its Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. The algorithm extracting the AMVs uses pairs or triplets of images, and tracks the motion of clouds or water vapour features from one image to another. Currently, EUMETSAT LEO satellite AMVs are retrieved from georeferenced images from the Advanced Very-High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on board the Metop satellites. EUMETSAT is currently preparing the operational release of an AMV product from the Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) on board the Sentinel-3 satellites. The main innovation in the processing, compared with AVHRR AMVs, lies in the co-registration of pairs of images: the images are first projected on an equal-area grid, before applying the AMV extraction algorithm. This approach has multiple advantages. First, individual pixels represent areas of equal sizes, which is crucial to ensure that the tracking is consistent throughout the processed image, and from one image to another. Second, this allows features that would otherwise leave the frame of the reference image to be tracked, thereby allowing more AMVs to be derived. Third, the same framework could be used for every LEO satellite, allowing an overall consistency of EUMETSAT AMV products. In this work, we present the results of this method for SLSTR by comparing the AMVs to the forecast model. We validate our results against AMVs currently derived from AVHRR and the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI). The release of the operational SLSTR AMV product is expected in 2022.


The article deals with the problem of improving the living standards and stimulates a dynamic development of the municipality in the long term. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the agricultural sectors and industries in order to identify the area of investment attractiveness of the district. In addition, this article touches on a role of local authorities to realize a potential of the area.


The Aim of this paper is to define a form class of English (the sentence morpheme) and to try to determine whether or not this form class may be incorporated into the traditional linguistic system of English. Various criteria—phonological, morphological and syntactic—will be applied to establish the formal characteristics of this class. The forms considered here deserve serious treatment by any school of linguistics that claims to give priority to the spoken language, since quite a large proportion of colloquial speech consists of just such forms. Apart from any consideration of their linguistic marginality, they are surely important if only because of their frequency in English speech.


Considering the singleness of the quenching method of the on-line quenching equipment for aluminum profile and the difficulty in optimizing the parameters for quenching,an on-line quenching control system is designed based on the combination of upper devices and lower devices by optimizing the mechanical structure of the quenching equipment.Hardening parameters are optimized in the upper device.Taking advantage of the lower control system and the mechanical structure of this equipment,the on-line quenching equipment can realize multi-quenching of wind cooling,flog cooling and water cooling,which are adjustable in separation section.Finally,the production efficiency of the equipment is improved.


Introduction: Infectious diseases are the common presentation in emergency department, which require treatment within minutes. As a result, the empirical antibiotics are started prompt in emergency department before the bacteriological results are available. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the use of antibiotics at emergency room and to determine the success rate in discharged patients. Methods: A descriptive, exploratory, non-interventional study was conducted during 8 weeks among the discharged patients from emergency department who received the antibiotic therapy and culture/ sensitivity test was asked. Patients were followed from emergency room and adequate information was taken from emergency records and also at the time of outpatient department visit. Results: Out of 297 patients, only 179 patients were studied. We found that 75.1% of empirically prescribed antibiotics were oral. The most commonly administered intravenous and oral antibiotics were ceftriaxone (20.4%) and cefixime (17.0%). The most common isolate leading to emergency department visit was Escherichia coli (29 patients, 16.2%). In vitro sensitive test for gram positive and gram negative isolates, amoxicillin-clavulanate combination and ciprofloxacin were most effective and cefixime was the least effective antibiotic. The treatment success rate was found to be 147(82.1%) of the patients, as the medication prescribed at emergency room was continued by outpatient department physician. Conclusion: Quinolones and cephalosporins groups of antibiotics are rising as the determinant antibiotics at emergency room. The rate of appropriate use of antibiotics and treatment success rate were found to be higher.


There are rich cultural resources of Taoism in the Changjiang River. It is worthwhile to exploit the tourist resources. This paper expounds some exploiting projects and countermeasures.


The Asian CHI symposium is an annual event organized by researchers and practitioners in the Asia Pacific since the authors first co-initiated South East Asia Computer-Human Interaction (SEACHI) during CHI 2015 [1]. The symposium aims to bring together both early-career and senior HCI academia and UX practitioners from industries in the Asia Pacific and bring about cross-exchange of information and transfer of knowledge in a multidisciplinary environment and multi-socio-economic aspects of HCI research, foster social ties and collaboration in the field of HCI [2]. As the Asian CHI community grows to be more diverse than when we started in 2015, there is a need to address the issues of equity, justice, access, and transparency more strategically, especially with a historical link to colonialism in Asia. Beyond showcasing the latest Asian-inspired HCI work and those focusing on incorporating Asian sociocultural factors in their design, implementation, evaluation, and improvement, the Asian CHI Symposium 2022 is a sandbox for decolonizing yet academically rigorous discourse platform for both HCI academic and UX practitioners to present their latest research findings and solutions that reflect the expansion of HCI theory and applications towards culturally inclusive design for diverse audiences in Asia.


The multibend thread technique being adopted,the 34 deep overbite patients were treated by single maxillary extraction orthodontics.It is proved that single maxillary extraction orthodontics is good or suitable for three degrees deep overbite.


The solar wind is a great paradigm for investigating magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. It is shown that the frame work of Hall magnetohydrodynamics (HMHD), which can support three quadratic invariants and allows nonlinear states to depart fundamentally from the Alfvénic, is capable of reproducing in the inertial range the three branches of the observed solar wind magnetic fluctuation spectrum – the Kolmogorov branch f–5/3 steepening to f–α1 with α1 ≃ 3–4 on the high frequency side and flattening to f–1 on the low frequency side. These fluctuations are found to be associated with the nonlinear Hall-MHD Shear Alfvén waves. The spectrum of the concomitant whistler type fluctuations is very different from the observed one. Perhaps the relatively stronger damping of the whistler fluctuations may cause their unobservability. The issue of the anisotropy of the turbulence is addressed briefly.


After analyzing the characteristics of Machine CAD technology and the current teaching and learning situation,this paper has discussed some innovative teaching methods including teaching system,teaching method,and examination measures.And in order to cultivate students' creative thinking and practical ability,it has emphasized the importance of practical teaching.


Background The paramount issue regarding multiple lung cancer (MLC) is whether it represents multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) or intrapulmonary metastasis (IPM), as this directly affects both accurate staging and subsequent clinical management. As a classic method, histology has been widely utilized in clinical practice. However, studies examining the clinical value of histology in MLC have yielded inconsistent results; thus, this remains to be evaluated. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the differential diagnostic value of histology in MPLC and IPM and to provide evidence-based medicine for clinical work. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched to collect relevant literature according to PRISMA, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were set up to screen and assess the literature. The data required for reconstructing a 2 × 2 contingency table were extracted directly or calculated indirectly from the included studies, and statistical analysis was carried out by using Stata 15, Meta-DiSc 1.4, and Review Manager 5.4 software. Results A total of 34 studies including 1,075 pairs of tumors were included in this meta-analysis. Among these studies, 11 were about the M-M standard and the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.78 (95% CI: 0.71–0.84) and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.38–0.55), respectively; 20 studies were about CHA and the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.76 (95% CI: 0.72–0.80) and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.68–0.79), respectively; and 3 studies were about the "CHA & Lepidic" criteria and the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.96 (95% CI: 0.85–0.99) and 0.47 (95% CI: 0.21–0.73), respectively. The combined pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR, and the area under the SROC curve of the 34 studies were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.73–0.86), 0.64 (95% CI: 0.51–0.76), 2.25 (95% CI: 1.59–3.17), 0.31 (95% CI: 0.23–0.43), 7.22 (95% CI: 4.06–12.81), and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.77–0.84), respectively. Conclusion The current evidence indicated that histology had a moderate differential diagnostic value between MPLC and IPM. Among the three subgroups, the "CHA & Lepidic" criteria showed the highest sensitivity and CHA showed the highest specificity. Further research is necessary to validate these findings and to improve clinical credibility. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO, identifier CRD42022298180.


The Registrar-General's return for 1921-23 savs: "Ainalysis of the causes thr-ows ver-y little lighit oni thc r-easonl( for the reclative inicrease whichi occurs in the miortality 'of i-inr. Twenity years ago, whilel associated in a large practice in Flife, wie nioted with surprise miany cases of arterial thicekeniing aimong coal miniiers, eveni in. qutite y-oungr mieni. This (liscovery suggested the systemiatic. examiniiation of a cons-iderable number of miners. In all, 500 mien wvere examuined. They wvere takeni consecutively, as they camie into ouir sur-geries, but'110 onie was inicluded who complainied of anyi symiptomns referable to hiis cir-culatory' systemi. As a miatter of fact, many of th-em we-re literally takeni in off the street for the psii'-pose of this in-quiry. Eveii at this late date it seems desirable to publish theo results, as no work on similar lines hias bcen undertaken in the initerval, and no lighit hias yet beeni sup-plied to the Registrar-General. It is possible that our results conitribute onie explanation of the anomaly to whlichi lie refers.


Child court preparation services play a key role in sexual offences courts. These services enhance the ability of child witnesses to testify. This is largely because they support the child, which builds the child's resilience to secondary victimisation and trauma that arise from exposure to the unempathetic systems characteristic of courts. Effective services should, however, draw on a range of disciplines. This article describes the court preparation and support provided by RAPCAN's Child Witness Project and describes the considerations that underpin the services provided.


A new solid superbase catalyst, composed of Na-KOH/Υ-Al 2O 3, is prepared by means of optimization of technological conditions. The base strength of the product is H -≥43. The content of the product whose base strength is H -≥35 is 9.00*!mmol·g -1 . VNB can be converted into ENB by using this catalyst. The transform ratio is about 100%.


Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome and neurofibroma type I (NF1) are rare disorders with cutaneous and neurological features and not reported to be associated together. We report an 11-year-old female child who presented with extensive skin lesions, giant hemangioma and left lower limb hypertrophy. Her father had features of NF1. We report this case because of its rarity and need for long-term follow-up.


Chromosomal translocations are responsible for the appearance of oncogenes encoding BCR/ABL-related fusion tyrosine kinases (FTKs) such as BCR/ABL, TEL/ABL, TEL/JAK2, TEL/PDGFR and NPM/ALK, which induce hematological malignancies such as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). We showed that cells transformed by BCR/ABL and other FTKs generate higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than normal counterparts. Enhanced ROS production in malignant cells causes extensive oxidative DNA damage resulting in elevated numbers of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) measured by immunofluorescence detecting histone H2AX phosphorylated on serine 139 (γ-H2AX) and localized near DSB sites. Since DSBs may be lethal for cells, they are usually repaired by homologous recombination and non-homologous end-joining. Occasionally, a third mechanism called single-strand annealing (SSA) may be involved, too. During SSA an exonuclease degrades one strand at the DNA ends until homology is revealed (for example between two Alu sequences) allowing the broken ends to anneal and the intervening sequence to be clipped off. Therefore, SSA is extremely unfaithful, resulting in a deletion of sequences between the repeats. Because ∼50% of the mammalian genome consists of repeat sequences, SSA is potentially an important pathway of mutagenesis. For example, intrachromatid SSA events can give rise to interstitial deletions leading to a loss of a tumor suppressor gene. To determine the activity of SSA, a well-defined genetic model designed to exclusively measure SSA was applied. The model consists of a reporter cassette containing two fragments of the gene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) with a unique I- Sce I restriction site introduced into one fragment. Expression of I- Sce I restrictase will cause a DSB, which if repaired by SSA will result in recovery of a functional GFP gene generating a GFP+ cell. A single copy of the SSA reporter cassette was integrated in the genomic DNA of parentals and FTK-transformed cells. Cells were transfected with an expression vector encoding I- Sce I restrictase and red fluorescent protein with mitochondrial localization (RFP-Mito) to control transfection efficiency. The number of double-positive (GFP+/RFP-Mito+) cells was scored in the population of RFP-Mito+ cells. FTKs induced an approximately 3–30 fold increase of the frequency of SSA events. Therefore, elevated levels of ROS-induced DSBs combined with increased frequency of a relatively rare but extremely unfaithful SSA repair may contribute to genetic instability in hematologic malignancies induced by FTKs.


‡3 Astronomer in Wonderland: Historians-of-science The technically&ethically-rockbottom brand of "research" skewered in the following pages recalls DR's sardonic summary during NatGeogrSoc's 1989/12/11 doomed presser-launch of NGS'amateur [Rawlins 2017B] data-juggling defense of its dying Peary North Pole hoax: Orchestrates more fiddle factors than the New York Philharmonic. A physicist-astronomer examines the integrity, refereeing, technical skills, & evaluationcriteria of history-of-science archons, taking ancient astronomy as a test case. His qualifications for this review include such researches as: long-world-standard edition of Tycho's Star Catalog, www.dioi.org/vols/w30.pdf, DIO vol.3; efficient eigenvector method for finding a star's manybodies-induced tidal ellipsoid in 3 dimensions, www.dioi.org/gjr.pdf, G.J.RoyAstrSoc 69:265-271 (verified Sky&Tel 2000 Sept pp.14-16); asymptotic planetary perturbation-amplitude as function of relative distance, MNRAS 147:177-186; Great Pyramid orientation star 10i Dra, Nature 412:699 (2001/8/16); 1 simple zenith-to-horizon formulae for atmospheric refraction&extinction, PASP 94:363; solutions of Greek Earth-sizes' errors, Pharos' height, & stade's length (Griffith Observer 2018 Aug); closest pre-1976 Pluto-mass (AJ 75:856). (For his further scientific discoveries and historical reconstructions, see fn 109, back cover, & www.dioi.org/cot.htm.) Relevantly, DIO is also a veteran hoax-investigator: NY Times 1996/5/9 p.1, 1998/11/26 p.1, and 2009/9/8 science page.


The matter of the power of nobility in the Late Middle Ages is dealt with focusing on lineage/lignage in the works of the elder and historian Lope Garcia de Salazar. Lineage is key to understanding the nature of that power, as well as nobility's values, practices and ability for social reproduction. To this purpose Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus is used analytically, evaluating the extent to which it can be useful to the historian.


This study identifies predictors of leader performance for male and female officer cadets over a four year period. For female cadets, personality hardiness, transformational leadership style, selfassurance and agreeableness predict leader performance. For men, hardiness and transformational leadership are also important, but additional predictors include Extraversion, Traditional Values, and Social Judgement skills. These findings can be applied to strengthen leader development programs for women and men. Introduction: Selecting and developing good future leaders are important tasks for organizations. The present study examines a single large class (N=1143) of United States Military Academy cadets over time, testing the power of several cognitive and personality variables to predict leadership performance over a four-year period. Considering the growing importance of women in the military, and the possibility of gender differences in factors influencing leader development, female and male cadets are examined separately in this study. In the 25 years since women have been admitted to the United States Military Academy at West Point, the percentage of women in each entering class has grown to what is today nearly 20%. This reflects a societal trend toward increased participation of women in the work force, and a movement in the Army officer corps toward more female officers in a wider range of jobs. Besides providing a broad liberal arts education, the military academy strives to develop young people into highly effective leaders. An important question thus concerns what psychological factors might contribute to effective leader development and performance generally, and whether these factors might differ in importance for female versus male cadets. Regardless of gender, future military officers must be highly resilient, resourceful, and quick to adjust in rapidly changing situations. Given this, it makes sense to pay more attention to personality variables as well as cognitive abilities that might influence leader performance. If personality characteristics can be identified that confer adaptational advantages for military leaders, this knowledge could be very useful in building more effective


PG and Research Department of Physics, AVVM Sri Pushpam College, Poondi–613 503, TN, India. Corresponding author: email@example.com _____________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract Nanostructured ternary cdmgs thin film with different Mg concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 wt.%) were prepared by spray pyrolysis technique using a perfume atomizer and their application potential for photovoltaic solar cells have been investigated. XRD studies revealed that the films exhibit wurtzite (hexagonal) structure with a preferential orientation along the (0 0 2) direction. The Mg doping markedly influenced the evolution of cds nanostructures, resulting in the formation of nano-sized needles due to the substitution of Cd ions by smaller Mg ions. An improved optical transmittance property was also achieved by Mg-doping with a blue shift in the optical band gap which is attributed to quantum confinement effect, Moreover, an improvement in electrical conductivity is also observed in the Mg-doped CdS thin films. The improved optical transparency, widened band gap and increased electrical conductivity observed in the Mg-doped CdS thin films suggests that Mg-doping is highly effective for applications as window/buffer layers in future solar cell applications.


The stability of viscoelastic composites with negative stiffness (NS) inclusions and their associated extreme mechanical properties are studied with time‐domain finite element analysis and composite theory. In the finite element analysis, the stability of the plane‐strain, two‐phase NS composite is evaluated by monitoring the stress divergence under uniaxial straining. In addition, 2D and 3D two‐phase NS composites are studied by using composite theories and the elastic–viscoelastic correspondence principle. Effective stiffness and damping anomalies are observed, and the stability of the composites is evaluated. In the low frequency regime, stability conditions for purely elastic systems are suitable to estimate the stability of the viscoelastic composites. This is verified with the finite element analysis. For the 2D problem, the finite element analysis and composite theory agree well with each other in terms of the overall properties and stability. For the 3D problem, only the results obtained from the composite theory are presented. Our analysis shows that the extreme mechanical properties for both of the 2D and 3D cases are located near the strong ellipticity boundary. When the matrix modulus is suitably chosen to satisfy all stability conditions, the effective stiffness softening anomaly (i.e., damping enhancement) may be in the stability range. The effective stiffness enhancement locates in the non‐elliptic range of the negative inclusion bulk modulus parameter space.


Ground penetrating radar (GPR) was used to investigate the structure of the sediments in a floodprone gravel-bed river. Measurements were made on 2 gravel bars and in the adjacent channel. We buried a metallic object to calibrate depth and to visualize changes in GPR-profiles taken before and after digging. In addition, along 2 GPR-profiles the structure of the alluvial sediment of a gravel bar was visually verified by digging a trench down to the groundwater table. The GPR method enables one to distinguish sedimentary units of different texture with a vertical resolution of about 0.25 m. The investigation showed the depth of the alluvial valley fill, and it revealed geomorphological features such as lateral point bar accretion, fills of former pools, or open framework textures. These structures form a complex 3-dimensional mosaic of sediment patches. The GPR method also allowed us to document the changes resulting from bed-moving floods, such as in the formation of homogeneous gravel sheets during high magnitude floods. At some sites we observed intercalations of coarse organic matter between adjacent sedimentary units. Based on GPR data and the analysis of geomorphological structures near the study site, we developed a diagrammatic model of the sediments of this site in the lower Necker Valley.


In this paper, based on the Drude theory and Lorentz-Lorenz theory and started with the dielectric constant,the refractive index of mixed coatings is discussed. Under some special conditions such as, two materials′ molecule sizes is similar, the total deposition rate is constant and their deposition rate change is linear, the refractive index expression is obtained. Then the optical characteristics of gradient refractive index coatings are discussed from different aspects such as negative change or positive change, single layer or multi-periods, different periods or different single layer′s thickness. At last, the preparation, applications and some problems of gradient refractive index coatings are discussed separately.


Hyperspectal data contain more useful information for characterizing vegetation biomass, compared with multispectral data. However, to make full use of the hyperspectral data, the strong multi-collinearity in the data is supposed to be taken into account. With this study we evaluated three multivariate regression methods which are principal component regression (PCR), partial least square regression (PLSR) and stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR). They are specifically designed to deal with multi-collinearity problem. Furthermore, to identify reliable winter wheat biomass predictive models different types of spectral transformations (continuum removal, first derivative) were combined with the three regression methods, respectively. The comparative analysis was conducted on the data sets collected in 2008 and 2009 field campaigns in Tongzhou and Shunyi district, Beijing, China. Compared with the other combination, the respective combination of three regression methods and continuum removal got the highest estimation accuracy, especially, the combination of PLSR and continuum removal (R=0.715, RMSE=0.218kg/m). The experimental results demonstrated that the use of PLSR is recommended for highly multi-collinear data sets. The combination of continuum removal and PLSR could improve the estimation accuracy of winter wheat biomass. Keywords-winter wheat biomass;hyperspectral;partial least squares regression;principal component regression; stepwise multiple linear regression;spectral transformation


This article argues that, despite the efforts to expunge race from the European political sphere, racism continues to define the sociality of Europe. The post-war drive to replace race with other signifiers, such as culture or ethnicity, has done little to overcome the effects of the race idea, one less based on naturalist conceptions of hierarchical humanity, and more on fundamental conceptions of Europeanness and non-Europeanness. The silence about race in Europe allows European states to declare themselves non-racist, or even anti-racist, while at the same time continuing to imply an inherent European superiority, which determines both international relationships and relationships with those seen as `in but not of Europe' within its domestic spheres. The article concludes by asking what the repercussions of this are in the context of the contemporary discourse on cohesion and integration that replaces multiculturalism as a possible way of living together in a Europe always less homogeneous in reality than it is commonly imagined to be.


How is the church being affected by globalization? What does wider and more direct contact between the world religions mean for Christians? What is God doing in the midst of such change? This important volume explores the implications of today's emerging global society for local churches and Christian mission. Prominent scholars, missionaries, and analysts of world trends relate Christian theology and ethics to five clusters of issues-stewardship, prosperity, and justice; faith, learning, and family; the Spirit, wholeness, and health; Christ, the church, and other religions; and conflict, violence, and mission-issues that pastors and congregations will find critical as they think through the mission of the church in our time. Contributors: David Befus Susan Power Bratton Ronald Cole-Turner Tim A. Dearborn Ian T. Douglas Kosuke Koyama John Mbiti James H. Ottley Richard Osmer Scott R. Paeth Cecil M. Robeck Jr. Lamin Sanneh William Schweiker Donald W. Shriver Jr. Max L. Stackhouse Mary Stewart Van Leeuwen Allen Verhey John Witte Jr.


Abstract The Na2O:Al2O3:Gd2O3:P2O5 glasses were doped with different concentrations of Sm3+ ions and synthesized by the melt-quenching technique. These glasses were investigated to characterize physical and spectroscopy analyses that have been carried out by density, molar volume, absorption, FTIR, and photoluminescence measurements. The density and molar volume of glasses increases with the addition of Sm2O3 concentration. Glasses absorbed photons in UV, VIS, and NIR regions. The strong orange emission via the 4G5/2 to 6H7/2 radiation transition of Sm3+ was generated under 275 and 402 nm excitation. The glass has an interesting potential photonic application.


The necessity to clarify the place in the conceptual apparatus and the restructuring of local budget incomes in the context of development the budget and financial systems of Ukraine are substantiated. The socio-economic nature of budget incomes is disclosed, the status and structure the sources of revenue is assessed, and prospects for further changes in the structure and volume of local budget incomes as an integral part of financial system are identified. In the course of research the theory and practice of revenue formation the local budgets of Ukraine, it was found that the operating procedure for formation revenues of the general government sector for a long period is characterized by chronic shortfall of funds in almost all its sub-sectors. The most acute problem is the problem of local budget deficits, which is often explained by the low level of their own incomes, thus the excessive centralization of incomes in the budget system. Administrative-territorial reform in Ukraine aimed at optimizing the structure of budget system and improving the management of budget resources objectively involves restructuring local budget incomes towards their further decentralization. Measures related to the decentralization of budget resources will undoubtedly mitigate the severity, but the problem of lack funds in the budgetary system of Ukraine is not overcome, since the key causes of lack funds and opportunities for their elimination are in the plane of organization the economy and its financial system. It is revealed that the problem, which is also on the agenda of both financial science and practice, is the ratio (subordination of concepts) between incomes and revenues, as well as between expenses and expenditures, which are key components of budgets and budgets of budgetary institutions and organizations. Their using in modern conditions is disordered, therefore contradictory. Estimating the state of centralization budget resources in 2019 at the level of local budgets indicates on the role growth of base budgets, but the share of centralized resources remains quite high, due to the significant differences in the development of territories and the need for financial equalization of their incomes at the level of individual regions. It is proposed to determine the level of financial autonomy of local authorities both on the basis of reporting data on local budget incomes and expenditures, which is commonly practiced in research, and on the basis of projected calculations. In general, it is advisable to make the calculations based on several approaches: 1) by volume of financial resources concentrated in local budgets: -in relation to the consolidated budget of Ukraine; -in relation to the consolidated budget of the region; 2) by list the sources of revenues to certain types of local budgets; 3) according to the norms set by the legislator of transfer income to certain types of local budgets. The list of subjects of study the local budgets, in addition to the financial relations that take place between different levels of budget system and the financial resources that such relationships materialize in practice, is proposed to include the sources and rates of income to the general and special funds of local budgets. This significantly expands the field of scientific research and the possibility of improving intergovernmental budgets, and financial relations in general. Key words: local budgets, budget incomes, budget revenues, budget resources, financial system, intergovernmental relations, budget decentralization.


To study the "Effects of sowing time and spacing on growth and yield of chick pea for green pod in Middle Gujarat Agro-Climatic Condition" was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Derol during 2015-16 to 2017-18. The experiment was laid out in a Split Plot Design (SPD) with three replications, comprising date of sowing (6) as a main plot and Spacing (2) sub plot of chick pea total thirty six treatment combinations. The results showed that the 1st Oct. (40th Std. week) sowing recorded significantlyhighergreen pod yield (1554, 1713, 1861 and 1709 kg/ha) was found in GG-2 variety during the all the year and pooled analysis.However, in case of spacing S2 (45x10 cm) recorded higher green pod in yield (1144, 1486, 1568 and 1399 kg/ha) was found non-significant during first two year, while significant in third year and pooled analysis.


Objective To investigate the effects of xuefuzhuyu injection on the expressions of the nuclear factor-кB(NF-кB)and inhibitor-кBα(1-кBα)in rat brain tissue after traumatic brain injury.Methods Eighty SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operative(n=20), model(n=20),hexadecadrol-treated(n=120)and xuefuzhuyu-treated(n=20)groups.Traumatic brain injury models were induced by free-fall.Sham-operative and model groups received intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mL/(kg·d)normal saline;dexamethasone-treated group and xuefuzhuyu-treated group received intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mg/(kg·d)dexamethasone and 4 mL/(kg·d)xuefuzhuyu injection immediately after the successful model inducement,respectively, and then, heir brain tissue samples were obtained at 6,24,48 and 96 h. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the protein expressions of NF-кB P65 and I-кBα in the traumatic brain tissue,and HE staining was performed to observe the brain structure.Results Increased protein expression of NF-кB P65 and decreased protein expression of I-кBα in the model group were found as compared to those in the sham-operative group at all time points(P<0.05);dexamethasone-treated and xuefuzhuyu-treated groups showed significantly lower protein expression of NF-кB and higher protein expression of I-кBα than the model group at all time points(P<0.05)and the effect of xuefuzhuyu injection was better than that of dexamethasone.The expressions of NF-кB and I-кBα were negatively correlated in the model group(r=-0.876.P=0.000). Conclusion Secondary injury caused by traumatic brain injury can be relieved by inhibiting the activation of NF-кB and increasing the expression of I-кBα, which are exactly the effects of xuefuzhuyu injection and dexamethasone,and xuefuzhuyu injection works better than dexamethasone.

Key words:
Traumatic brain injury; NF-кB; I-кBα; Dexamethasone; Xuefuzhuyu injection


Abstract Joseph Orpen's 1874 Cape Monthly Magazine article relating the testimony of Qing, a San man in the Maloti Mountains, is a bedrock text of southern San cosmology. For the last few decades, this article has been the subject of intense scrutiny by rock art researchers and archaeologists studying hunter-gatherer societies. Recently, scholars have questioned whether Orpen's encounter with Qing has been appropriately contextualised, citing lingering uncertainties over Orpen's motivations and biases that may have informed the article. This paper addresses these concerns through examination of Orpen's archival corpus. It draws on new archival data to articulate the development of Orpen's personal politics, research motives, and interpersonal relationships within Cape knowledge networks. When examined more broadly, Orpen's intellectual career appears primarily concerned with native history and land title rather than a specifically philological or anthropological agenda, and his encounter with Qing as having been overshadowed by his dedication to represent the interests of Basotho sovereignty.


PURPOSE: Provided is a Ge-Ga-S-based glass composition for laser amplification which is improved in laser amplification efficiency by moving the center wavelength of the light laser amplified to the wavelength of 1,310 nm. CONSTITUTION: The glass composition comprises a Ge-Ga-S-based glass host containing a rare earth metal-based active material containing a Pr¬3+ ion which induces fluorescence and laser amplification; and a transition metal ion whose content is 0.01-0.2 mol% and which changes the distribution of laser amplification gain. Preferably the transition metal ion is a Cu¬+ ion.


A natural model for the sequential performance of tasks involves a system that can be configured into any one of a possible set S of states where the cost of performing a given task depends on the state. The cost of processing a sequence of tasks taken from a set T of possible tasks is the sum of the costs of performing each task plus the cost incurred by moving between states. A quantity of interest is the supremum over all task sequences of the average cost per task to process the sequence. We answer a question of R. Graham by proving that when the underlying costs are integral this supremum is rational.


In data assimilation, covariance matrices are introduced to prescribe weights of initial state, model dynamics, and observation and suitable specification of the covariances is known to be essential for obtaining sensible state esti-mates. The covariance matrices are specified by sample covariances and assumed covariance structure. Modeling of covariance structure consists of regularization of a sample covariance and constraint of dynamical relationship. Regularization is required for converting the singular sample covariance into non-singular one, removing spuri-ous correlation between variables at distant points, and reducing a required number of parameters that specify the covariances. In past studies, regularization of sample covariances has been carried out in physical (grid) space, spectral space, and wavelet space. We propose a method for covariance regularization carried out in inverse space, in which we use the covariance selection model (the Gaussian graphical model). For each variable we assume neighboring variables: the targeted variable is directly related to the neighbors and is conditionally independent of the variables beyond the neighbors. Conditional independence is expressed by specifying zero elements in the inverse covariance matrix. The non-zero elements are estimated by the maximum likelihood numerically with the Newton method. Appropriate neighbors can be selected with information criterion AIC or BIC. We give an illus-trative example using a simple 3 × 3 matrix, and show an application to a sample covariance obtained from sea surface height (SSH) observations.


VALIDATION OF A METHOD FOR AIR RESONANCE TESTING OF HELICOPTERS AT MODEL SCALE USING ACTIVE CONTROL OF PYLON DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS* by Richard L. Bielawa Associate Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering and Mechanics Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA A basic problem inherent in the testing for helicopter air resonance at model scale is the design and fabrication of the pylon support structure to effect both a proper (Froude) scaling and adequate variability of the pylon parameters. Generally, provision for sui table pylon parameter variability (especially the inertias) within a properly scaled configuration is often difficult at best using passive properties. One method of overcoming this difficulty is to provide for active control of the pylon properties. This is potentially achievable using suitably controlled hydraulic feedback servo actuators acting in response to the measured motion of the pylon. The objective of the present study is to investigate the validity of such an approach using analytical means. The results presented compare the air resonance eigensolutions obtained for a full-scale free-flying helicopter to those obtained for various approximations inherent in such a method of model testing. Analytical formulations are presented describing the modifications required of a basic air resonance theory to account for the dynamics of the selected feedback control network.


In order to measure the directivity on lake, especially for the narrow beam,an effective measurement method is proposed by analyzing the inherent potential of the equipment and the circumstance on lake,and obtaining an beam bearing measurement by using the data acquisition system and distance-gate,which overcomes the difficulty of beam measurement,arising from the relative movement between location of acoustic source and the receiving array due to water flowing and greatly increases the measurement efficiency .


Soil fertility decline and greenhouse gase emission has been perceived as widespread treating challenges in the world.1 According to Jones et al.2 crop production shared about 10 to 12% of global greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and land conversion from forest and pasture to croplands, soil and biomass carbon that accounts an additional 12 to 20% of global GHG emissions and to overcome these bottlenecks, Bichar amendment has been recognized as best method.


The present invention defines a strong authentication token, to remedy its vulnerability to a particular type of social engineering attack through the following steps: prior to generating one-time passwords or transaction signing, claiming the server or from the server to authenticate the message; and in the case of generating the transaction signature, but only the value of the transaction signed signed transaction context information and generating the transaction before signature using trusted input and output means for presenting the transaction and the transaction value to the user context information, with user review and approval. In addition, the strong authentication token by the transaction data to be signed wise coding to provide the certification and inspection functions, without sacrificing user convenience or cost-effectiveness, thereby reducing the information must be reliable interface to exchange tokens of throughput.


We discuss the impact of the recent KamLAND constraint on the solar antineutrino flux on the analysis of solar neutrino data in the presence of Majorana neutrino transition magnetic moments and solar magnetic fields. We consider different stationary solar magnetic field models, both regular and random, highlighting the strong enhancement in the antineutrino production rates that characterize turbulent solar magnetic field models. Moreover, we show that for such magnetic fields inside the Sun, one can constrain the intrinsic neutrino magnetic moment down to the level of {mu}{sub {nu}} < or approx. fewx10{sup -12}{mu}{sub B} irrespective of details of the underlying turbulence model. This limit is more stringent than all current experimental sensitivities, and similar to the most stringent bounds obtained from stellar cooling. We also comment on the robustness of this limit and show that at most it might be weakened by 1 order of magnitude, under very unlikely circumstances.


Our previous work demonstrated that algorithms combining high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) may help in ruling out Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). For those algorithms, the hs-cTnT thresholds were adopted from the ESC guidelines. This time, we present a data-driven approach that also explores hs-cTnT thresholds.The results show a significant improvement when compared to previous algorithms reported. Using a cohort of n = 360 patients (288 Non-AMI and 72 AMI), a rule-out algorithm used at presentation identified more low-risk patients who presented with chest pain of suspected cardiac origin than the standard ESC algorithm: (199/288 (69.1%) vs. 83/288 (28.8%) (p <0.0005)), respectively.According to our data, our algorithm at the emergency department, would identify additional non-AMI patients in comparison to the ESC algorithm, potentially reducing the number of hospital admissions by 42%.


The authors, based on an analysis of the problems and possible difficulties inherent in the management of enterprises in the military-industrial complex, substantiate the need to revise the corporate culture, which will allow the active introduction of digital technologies, which are a natural and necessary stage in organizational development.


Phosphorescent white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) with high efficiency and color rendering index (CRI) are demonstrated based on a macrospirocyclic oligomer matrix (TPA-PO)3, which exhibits good solution processability, stable film morphology, and excellent compatibility with phosphorescent emitters. High-efficiency blue, green, orange, and red OLEDs were demonstrated with maximum current efficiencies of 21.7, 21.9, 13.1, and 6.4 cd A−1, maximum brightness of 22475, 67757, 21232, and 8046 cd m−2, respectively. Furthermore, by simultaneously incorporating blue, green, orange, and red emitters into a single emitting layer, a quaternary doping WOLED with a maximum current efficiency of 18.9 cd A−1 (at 280 cd m−2) was realized, featuring a "warm-white" light emission with correlated color temperatures ranging from 2841 to 3514 K. Importantly, color rendering index values over 90 were obtained at practical brightness of 100 ~1000 cd m−2. Even at a high brightness of ~5000 cd m−2, the CRI was still above 88, which is among the highest CRI values achieved for solution-processed phosphorescent WOLEDs.


Objective To study efficacy and side effects of aripiprazole in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia.Methods 46 patients of schizophrenia were treated with aripiprazole for 6 weeks,using BPRS for evaluating efficacy,TESS for assessing side effects.Results Aripiprazole was more efficacy for treatment of schizophrenia,main side effects of aripiprazole which were found including EPS,headache,anxiety and insomnia.Conclusion Aripiprazole is a highly effective and safe antipsychotic drug,it is recommendable in the clinical treatment of patients with schizophrenia.


Extreme rainfall is the main influencing factor of urban waterlogging. Different types of rainfall often have different characteristics of waterlogging. In order to establish a more accurate urban flood control system, it is necessary to classify waterlogging rainstorms and divide their thresholds. This study proposes a method for applying web crawlers to identify waterlogging rainfall in cities lacking waterlogging observation data and classifying them using the rainfall intensity–duration curves. By selecting appropriate duration thresholds and return period, waterlogging rainstorms are divided into rainfall intensity waterlogging (IW), rainfall amount of waterlogging (AW), combined waterlogging (CW) and no waterlogging (NW). In the application of Zhengzhou City, China, the urban flood control standard and the rainfall time distribution characteristics are used as the basis for the selection of the return period and duration thresholds, and the storm water management model (SWMM) is constructed to simulate the 4 kinds of rainfall characteristics of waterlogging, which is similar to actual situations. It proves that the method is suitable for the classification and thresholds division of different waterlogging rainfall in cities. The results show that the best duration thresholds in Zhengzhou are 20 min (M20) and 60 min (M60), and the best return period standard is 2 a. The thresholds for the 4 types of waterlogging rainstorm are: M20 ≥ 26.47 mm, M60 ≥ 43.80 mm, CW; M20 ≥ 26.47 mm, M60 < 43.80 mm, IW; M20 < 26.47 mm, M60 ≥ 43.80 mm, AW; M20 < 26.47 mm and M60 < 43.80 mm, No waterlogging.


Recent reports demonstrate that the expression of protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) correlates with decreased survival outcomes. However, off-target effects of targeting PKCα and limited understanding of the signaling mechanisms upstream of PKCα have hampered previous efforts to manipulate this ubiquitous gene. This study shows that the expression of both myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF-1) and Ets-like protein-1 (Elk-1) correlates with PKCα expression in TNBC. We found that the acidic domain of MZF-1 and the heparin-binding domain of Elk-1 facilitate the heterodimeric interaction between the two genes before the complex formation binds to the PKCα promoter. Blocking the formation of the heterodimer by transfection of MZF-160–72 or Elk-1145–157 peptide fragments at the MZF-1 / Elk-1 interface decreases DNA-binding activity of the MZF-1 / Elk-1 complex at the PKCα promoter. Subsequently, PKCα expression, migration, tumorigenicity, and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition potential of TNBC cells decrease. These subsequent effects are reversed by transfection with full-length PKCα, confirming that the MZF-1/Elk-1 heterodimer is a mediator of PKCα in TNBC cells. These data suggest that the next therapeutic strategy in treating PKCα-related cancer will be developed from blocking MZF-1/Elk-1 interaction through their binding domain.


Technologies that use renewable energy sources (RES) are crucial to achieving decarbonization goals, but a significant number of studies show their relatively high environmental impact during the production phase. Therefore, technologies need to be compared in terms of their life-cycle environmental impact. The life cycle analysis (LCA) methodology is well known and widely employed. However, problems related to the methodological choices prevent taking full advantage of the LCA, as the results of numerous studies are often incomparable. The presented review aims to critically compare the impact of different energy generation technologies—RES (as well as non-RES) energy generators and co-generators. The numeric results are structured and analyzed in terms of the global warming potential (GWP) and non-RES primary energy consumption. The results show that RES technologies are superior compared to conventional fossil-fuel-based systems in most cases, and the high impact during the production and installation phases is compensated in the operational phase. The high variations in GWP from similar technologies result from different methodological choices, but they also show that the wrong choice of the technology in a certain location might cause serious environmental drawbacks when the impact of the RES technology exceeds the impact of fossil fuel-based technologies. Cogeneration technologies using waste as a fuel may even have a negative GWP impact, thus showing even higher potential for decarbonization than RES technologies.


Biochemical network visualization is one of the essential technologies for mechanistic interpretation of omics data. In particular, recent advances in multi-omics measurement and analysis require the development of visualization methods that encompass multiple omics data. Visualization in 2.5 dimension (2.5D visualization), which is an isometric view of stacked X-Y planes, is a convenient way to interpret multi-omics/trans-omics data in the context of the conventional layouts of biochemical networks drawn on each of the stacked omics layers. However, 2.5D visualization of trans-omics networks is a state-of-the-art method that primarily relies on time-consuming human efforts involving manual drawing. Here, we present an R Bioconductor package 'transomics2cytoscape' for automated visualization of 2.5D trans-omics networks. We confirmed that transomics2cytoscape could be used for rapid visualization of trans-omics networks presented in published papers within a few minutes. Transomics2cytoscape allows for frequent update/redrawing of trans-omics networks in line with the progress in multi-omics/trans-omics data analysis, thereby enabling network-based interpretation of multi-omics data at each research step. The transomics2cytoscape source code is available at https://github.com/ecell/transomics2cytoscape.


The start up problem in a network market refers to the necessity for the provider of the good exhibiting positive network externalities to find appropriate tools to make the network start. Rohlfs (1974) was the first to recognise the possible use by the provider of marketing policies in order to attract the critical mass, but a formal treatment of the issue has never been tempted. This essay tries to cover this lack. Through the introduction into the analysis of advertising we examine how this inclusion may modify the received theory.


This paper presents a fully integrated direct-conversion quadrature transmitter and receiver chipset at 240 GHz. It is implemented in a 0.13-μm SiGe bipolar-CMOS technology. A wideband frequency multiplier (×16) based local-oscillator (LO) signal source and a wideband on-chip antenna designed to be used with an external replaceable silicon lens makes this chipset suited for applications requiring fixed and tunable LO. The chipset is packaged in a low-cost FR4 printed circuit board resulting in a complete solution with compact form-factor. At 236 GHz, the effective-isotropic-radiated-power is 21.86 dBm and the minimum single-sideband noise figure is 15 dB. The usable RF bandwidth for this chipset is 65 GHz and the 6-dB bandwidth is 17 GHz. At the system level, we demonstrate a high data-rate communication system where an external modem is operated in its two IF-bandwidth modes (250 MHz and 1 GHz). For the quadrature phase-shift keying modulation scheme, the measured data rate is 2.73 Gb/s (modem 1-GHz IF) with bit-error rate of 10-9 for a 15-cm link. The estimated data rate over the 17-GHz RF bandwidth is, hence, 23.025 Gb/s. Also, higher order modulation schemes like 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) with a data rate of 0.677 Gb/s and 64-QAM with a data rate of 1.0154 Gb/s (modem 250-MHz IF) is demonstrated. A second application demonstrator is presented where the wide tunable RF bandwidth of the chipset is used for material characterization. It is used to characterize an FR4 material (DE104) over the 215-260-GHz range.


Early
diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) in pediatric patients is a prob-lem
due to the absence of specific symptoms and difficulty in obtaining the proper
urine sample. These difficulties increase the need for effective biomarker for
UTI diagnosis in young patients. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
(NGAL) is proved to be a marker for UTI diagnosis. YKL-40 is a glycosyl
hydrolase which is produced locally at the sites of inflammation. The objective
of our study is to assess the value of YKL-40 as a possible marker for UTI
diagnosis in febrile children and to compare its value versus NGAL. Urine
culture was used as a gold standard for UTI diagnosis. The study enrolled three
groups; febrile children with positive urine culture, febrile children with
negative urine culture, and controls without fever and with negative urine
culture. Each group included 50 children from patients attended outpatients
clinics department of Mansoura University Children Hospital. For each patient
enrolled in the study, complete blood count, C-reactive protein, serum
creatinine, urine creatinine, routine urine analysis and urine culture were
assessed. Using ELISA test, urine values of NGAL (uNGAL) and YKL-40 (uYKL-40)
were measured and normalized to urine creatinine (uNGAL/uCr) and (uYKL40/uCr)
respectively. The values of uNGAL, uYKL-40, uNGAL/Cr and uYKL-40/Cr were significantly
higher in febrile UTI group. The receiver operating curve (ROC) show the
optimum cut off value for urine YKL-40 (171.5 pg) with 84% senstivity, 82%
specificity and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) 0.95. The optimum cutoff
value of uYKL-40/Cr was (159.2 pg/mg) with 72% sensitivity, 71% specificity and
0.81 AUC. Higher sensitivity and specificity of uYKL-40 and uYKL40/Cr compared
to uNGAL and uNGAL/Cr respectively were observed. In conclusion, the diagnostic
value of uYKL-40 is superior to that of uNGAL. Urine YKL-40 could be a good
marker for diagnosis of UTI in febrile pediatric patients.


Mycoses affecting dogs is widely distributed in the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of fungi isolated from dogs. A retrospective study was performed to determine the main mycoses that affected dogs at a private veterinary clinic in Callao, Peru. Isolates were collected from skin and ear from 2003 to 2012. Fungi species were identified by standard microbiological techniques . A total of 54 fungi were isolated from 124 mycological studies; the most prevalent fungal species were Malassezia pachydermatis (51.86%) and Microsporum canis (27.78 %). The principal breeds affected were mongrel (31.52%), boxer (11.1%) and shih tzu (11.1 %). M. pachydermatis represented 58.8% and 43.2% of isolates in mongrel breed and in skin samples respectively. M. pachydermatis was the most frequent fungus getting > 50% of all isolates. Microsporum canis and Aspergillus spp. had > 40% presence.


Abstract Acidification has historically impaired Cheat Lake's fish community, but recent mitigation efforts within the Cheat River watershed have improved water quality and species richness. Presently, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus are abundant and attain desirable sizes for anglers. We evaluated the age, growth, and fall diet of the population. We collected a sample of 155 channel catfish from Cheat Lake from 5 August to 4 December 2014, a subset of which we aged (n = 148) using lapillus otoliths. We fit four growth models (von Bertalanffy, logistic, Gompertz, and power) to length-at-age data and compared models using an information theoretic approach. We collected fall diets from 55 fish sampled from 13 October to 4 December 2014. Total lengths of individuals in the sample ranged from 154 to 721 mm and ages ranged from 2 to 19 y. We AICc-selected the von Bertalanffy growth model as the best approximating model, and the power and Gompertz models also had considerable support. Diets were numerically...


The strategy map is a visual presentation of a company's critical success factors and the cause-and-effect relations between them. Strategy maps can be used, e.g., to illustrate the strategy of a company. Especially, the duty-related strategy maps can illustrate how the duties of an employee relate to the objectives of an organisation. The objective of this paper is to model the designing of a strategy map. Also, the question whether strategy maps can be used in decreasing the gap between strategy formulation and strategy implementation is discussed in the paper. The research can be characterised as a qualitative and normative action research. The empirical part of the research consists of one case in which the strategy maps were designed for supporting the implementation of the new goal setting. The contribution this paper makes is as follows. First, the paper presents a step-by-step model of designing a strategy map. Second, this paper presents how to design a duty-related strategy map. Third, the process of designing strategy maps is described in practice.


Objective To transfect human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells A549 with the eucaryotic expression plasmids pcDNA3E1A-TK by lipofectamine,and to determine the sensitivity of the transfected cells to the cytotoxic actions of ganciclovir(GCV) and X-ray.Methods Eucaryotic expression plasmids containing E1A-TK gene were transfected into human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells A549 by lipofectamine.PCR and RT-PCR were used to examine E1A-TK gene DNA integration and mRNA expression in the transfected cells,respectively.GCV,X-ray or GCV + X-ray induced growth inhibition of the transfected cells were determined by MTT cytotoxicity assay.Results E1A-TK gene DNA integration and mRNA expression were found in the transfected cells.The IC50 of GCV and X-ray on the transfected cells was increased 113.3 and 2.9 folds,respectively.GCV and X-ray acted synergistically to increase the cell death of the transfected cells.Conclusion E1A-TK gene was successfully transfected into human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells A549 by lipofectamine.The gene was successfully expressed and conferred sensitivity of the transfected cells to GCV and X-ray.GCV plus X-ray exhibited synergistic killing effect on the transfected cells.


In order to better suit the socialist market economy, new energy should be added into the merits education contents and thus attract more attention and thoughts. Ethical values, consolidating individual and collectivity, includ- ing enterprisingness, frugality, sincerity and teamwork should act a most important role.


The nonlinear ultrasonic theory is that ultrasonic waves interact with micro defects and the higher harmonic waves appear when the ultrasonic waves propagate in materials. The acoustic nonlinear parameters are sensitive to micro defects in the nonlinear materials. They are used to characterize the nonlinear characteristics of materials. The nonlinear ultrasonic theories and the characterization of stress in metal by the nonlinear ultrasonic are studied. The nonlinear ultrasonic testing system is built to detect the received signals which propagate in materials with stress. The variation trends of the nonlinear parameters is studied in tensile testing. This paper studies the relationship between nonlinear parameter and stress in different coupling states including contact coupling, air coupling, water coupling. Use manipulator to measure residual stress based on nonlinear ultrasonic and achieve a rapid, non-contact and non-destructive testing.


The goal of this study is to examine the effective international system between Pakistan and China for the elimination of piracy. From the standpoint of general international law, this study investigates these processes concerning the crimes of robbery and piracy at the ocean. This study examines the relevance of the procedures placed on the continental strategy, with a focus on the form of such offenses. From the standpoint of global public international law, this study investigates such processes concerning the crimes of robbery and piracy at the ocean. This study demonstrates the relevance of the processes placed on the continental strategy, with special emphasis on the form of such crimes. Countries have evolved to build systems of multilateral community to be executed in the disputed sea since marine criminal actions are increasingly perpetrated beyond boundaries. It concludes that given the aforementioned legislative framework, nations are free to achieve diverse goals like ensuring navigational safety, preserving stability, or defending economic growth. Nevertheless, this does not substantially change the character of the zonal method. However, establishing a conversation platform among coastlines and user states improves marine control of maritime borders.


CHARITABLE all sources are now contributions approaching from an all source are now appr aching an annual level of $ 1 5 billion in the United States, an amount that has increased approximately fivefold since the end of World War II.1 Approximately 80 per cent of the total dollar value of gifts comes from living individuals, and some 75 per cent of individual giving is itemized on personal income tax returns as a nonbusiness expense deduction in computing taxable income. In 1962, de-


The aim of this work is to study the optimum design of moment resisting steel frame based on the modern technique of Continuous Genetic Algorithm. With this technique, one can benefit from capabilities of traditional genetic algorithm without reformulation of the problem in the binary system. Matlab program is used in coding process of the continuous genetic algorithm. Frame topology is assumed predefined based on architectural and functional requirements. Columns and beams sections and different connections details are the main design variable in this study. Columns and beams are grouped to reduce number of design variables and to make the problem similar to that adopted in engineering practice. Explicit function formulation with the meta-model makes classical and metaheuristic optimization algorithms, which have been developed and tested in other disciplines, directly applicable for structural optimization problems. Finally, eighteen case studies were considered. Nine case studies for optimum weight and nine case studies for optimum cost. Different number of stories, different number of bays, and different connection details were considered.


Frequency-domain modeling is a relatively new approach for thermal impedance description of power semiconductor devices, and it has shown promising advantages to analyze the multitimescale thermal dynamics of power semiconductor devices under complex mission profiles. However, parameters in the frequency-domain thermal model are still difficult to be accurately extracted, and sometimes the extraction process would be complicated and ambiguous depending on the construction of power devices and heat sink. This article proposes a new method to identify these key parameters of the frequency-domain thermal model for power semiconductors. The proposed approach utilizes the information of heat flowing out of device and only requires temperature responses of three different locations in the heat path of insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) module under a step power-loss. By the proposed approach, the critical frequencies in the frequency-domain thermal model of IGBT module can be extracted more easily and accurately. The effectiveness of the proposed method is also validated by simulations and experiments.


A series of well-defined Pd complexes bearing diphosphine or diamine and a dichloroquinone-derived unit as ligands were newly prepared and their initiating ability in conjunction with NaBPh4 for C1 polymerization...


The article reveals the relevance of formation of readiness to life safety of pupils and the practical solution of this problem in the conditions of an educational institution. The article presents a complex process of formation of junior schoolchildren's readiness to life safety through the realization of pedagogical conditions, namely, a modular course "Me and the safe world" and practical work "Polygon of life safety".


Atmospheric transport models for emergency response have traditionally utilized meteorological fields interpolated from sparse data to predict contaminant transport. Often these fields are adjusted to satisfy constraints derived from the governing equations of geophysical fluid dynamics, e.g. mass continuity. Gaussian concentration distributions or stochastic models are then used to represent turbulent diffusion of a contaminant in the diagnosed meteorological fields. The popularity of these models derives from their relative simplicity, ability to make reasonable short-term predictions and, most important, execution speed. The ability to generate a transport prediction for an accidental release from the Savannah River Site in a time frame which will allow protective action to be taken is essential in an emergency response operation.


Loneliness is a distressing state of mind characterized by the absence of meaningful social connection and associated with depression, anxiety, suicide


How people with dementia and their partners can use remaining abilities to maintain their relationship The article focuses on an investigation into the emotional ahilities which people with dementia are ablc to retain so that intimatc relationships may he preserved. First, a conceptual analysis is carried out to define the essential characteristics of intimate relationships. Second, an overvicw of empirical rcsults sho~vs· how intimate relationships can be maintained despitc the changcs hro.ught abou't by dcmcntia. In fact, people with demcntia stay capable of c~periencing and exprcssing emotions for quitc a long pcriod. Equally, implicit emotional learning and the implicit memory arc rcsourccs partners and thc person with dementia can draw on to maintain their (emotional) relationship. Kcy words: Dementia, lntcrpersonal relations, Caregivcrs, Social skills, Rclational competcncc Psychotherapie im Alter 13 (4) 437-449 2016 437


This paper describes the architecture and key equations of FCSys, a library to model proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) in Modelica. The motivating goal of this work is to reconcile many of the published models of PEMFCs and combine them in a reconfigurable PEMFC model that is effective for a variety of uses. It is necessary to distill equations from fuel cell literature into forms that at once capture the essence of the physical interactions, are conducive to the physical modularity of the device, and work within the constraints and take full advantage of the Modelica language. Since the behavior of PEMFCs depends on both advection and diffusion, a suitable alternative to the Modelica Fluid library and the stream concept is necessary. The proposed solution uses a "mixing" scheme based on the exponential of the Peclet numbers for each transport process. Storage and transport processes are co-located in each subregion of a rectilinear grid—all in the same base model. The Onsager formulation is used, whereby the effort and flow rate are conjugates of the entropy flow rate associated with energy transfer. The implementation is modular. It allows species to be enabled independently for each region. In addition, the geometric axes may be independently enabled (up to 3D) and shearing (transverse momentum) may be optionally included. Chemical/electrochemical interactions are communicated in a fully acausal manner through expandable connectors. This paper focuses on the motivation, background, and approach. Future publications will describe the ongoing work to calibrate, validate, and utilize the model for particular case studies. The library is made available as open source.


This paper proposed a new kind of manufacturing mode which is named multi-lifecycle manufacturing.Multi-lifecycle manufacturing is a trans-function and sub-manufacture pattern. When products are being designed,the mode has taken the second function of the products which were discarded into account while the products were sub-manufactured.Thus,the products can possess two even more different lifecycles.By the"trans-"is meant that change function to laun- ch into a new field and"sub-"is the second time or third time relative to the first time for being produced.This paper identified the definition of the mode.The author made an elementary analysis of the difference between this mode and remanufacturing and product multi-lifecycle engineering, and introduced the critical technologies of the manufacturing mode.Finally,the author lists several aspects for farther study of this manufacturing pattern,and makes a simple expectation to its future developing field.


This chapter describes a multi degrees of freedom (hereafter, "DOF") motion sensor system in 3D space. There are two major areas where multiple-DOF motion sensors are needed. The first involves vehicles, helicopters or humanoid robots, which are multi-input multi-output objects, each having 3 DOF in all translational and rotational directions. Thus, an accurate measurement of all 6 DOF motions is needed for their analysis and control. The second area involves considering not only the translational components, but also the rotational components for 1-DOF linear motion on ground since this type of motion is always affected to a certain extent by motion along other axes, and mixed signals of translational and rotational components are detected in the case of using 1-DOF motion sensors. So far, inertial navigation systems (INS) with highly accurate gyro sensors and accelerometers have been used in the field of rocketry and aerodynamics. However, it is difficult to install such systems combined with gyroscopes and accelerometers on small robots due to their large size, weight and cost. In recent years, small vibration gyro systems and micro-machine gyro systems have been developed by using MEMS (micro-electromechanical system) technology. However, the sensor units which utilize these systems are not small, weighing about 6 to 10 kilograms, and in addition there are some problems with measurement accuracy and stability. In the case of multiaxial sensors, it is known that the specific problem of non-linear cross effect arises, which means that other axial components interfere with the target one, and the measured values differ from the true values due to this effect. As a result, the cross effect reduces the measurement accuracy. In addition, as a result of increasing the effect by the gain and offset errors of each axis, stability is lost. Therefore, sensor calibration is required for suppressing the cross effect, as well as for decreasing the gain and offset errors. However, in general, gyro systems cannot be calibrated in isolation, which needs special equipments, such as an accurate rotary table, for generating a nominal motion. Thus, a proper calibration of the multiaxial sensors by the user is extremely difficult. In the present work, we propose a newly developed 6-DOF motion sensor using only multiple accelerometers, without the gyro system. The advantage of using accelerometers is that they can be calibrated with relative ease, using only the gravitational acceleration without any special equipment. So far, we have performed several experiments using the


For Japanese speech processing, being able to automatically recognize between geminate and singleton consonants can have many benefits. In standard recognition methods, hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are used. However, HMMs are not good at differentiating between items that are distinguished primarily by temporal differences rather than spectral differences. Also, gemination depends on the length of the sounds surrounding the consonant. Because of this, we propose the construction of a method that automatically distinguishes geminates from singletons and takes these factors into account. In order to do this, it is necessary to determine which surrounding sounds are cues and what the mechanism of human recognition is. For this, we conduct perceptual experiments to examine the relationship between surrounding sounds and primary cues. Then, using these results, we design a method that can automatically recognize gemination. We test this method on two datasets including a speaking rate database. The results attained well-outperform the HMM-based method and overall outperform the case when only the primary cue is used for recognition as well as show more robustness against speaking rate.


Bauman, Richard, Story, Performance, and Event: Contextual Studies of Oral Narrative. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. x + 130 including chapter references and index. $34.50 cloth, $10.95 paper. Fernandez, James W., Persuasions and Performances: The Play of Tropes in Culture. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986. xvi + 304 pp. including chapter references and index., price unmarked. Peacock, James L., The Anthropological Lens: Harsh Light, Soft Focus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. xii + 124 including chapter references and index. $24.95 cloth, $6.95 paper.


Nowadays it has become common practice to use microcontrollers in safety related systems. Such systems are deployed to achieve functional safety. The international standard IEC 61508 provides requirements to avoid or reduce the risk caused by these systems. The project SafetyLon aims at enhancing the local operating network (LON) to meet the requirements of IEC 61508. For achieving a defined level of integrity either highly reliable hardware with a low residual error probability has to be used or comprehensive online self tests have to be performed. The chosen standard microcontrollers must perform online self tests in order to detect as much hardware faults of the CPU internals as possible. These tests cover the testing of the volatile and non volatile memory and the CPU. All online self tests have to be tailored to the chosen microcontroller and have to meet the requirements given by IEC 61508.


In vitro proliferative responses of T lymphocytes to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were examined by determining the uptake of tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) into cells. T lymphocyte populations were taken and purified from proteose peptoneinduced peritoneal exudate cell (PEG), spleen and thymus of C3H/HeN or C3H/HeJ mice. LPS were prepared from Salmonella typhimurium, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum by the phenolwater proceduce.The T lymphocytes taken from PEG (PEG-T) of C3H/HeN mice showed an increased 3H-TdR uptaken in response to LPS from S. typhimurium (S. t-LPS), while PEG-T of G3H/HeJ, splenic T and thymic T lymphocyte of C3H/HeN mice did not respond to S. t-LPS. Other LPS also have a mitogenic ability to PEG -T lymphocytes too, while those of S. t-LPS and P. i-LPS were higher than that of F. n-LPS or P. g-LPS. The response of PEG from C3H/HeN mice to S. t-LPS was abolished, when the PEG-T were pretreated with anti-Thy-1 orγδTCR antibody plus complement (c), but not anti-αβTCR antibody plus C. The thymic T lymphocytes did not show any increase of 3H-TdR uptake in response to LPS or anti-γδ TCR antibody. However, obvious uptake did occur when the cells were stimulated with LPS and anti-γδ TCR antibody together.The results suggest that LPS has a mitogenic ability to a T lymphocytes population bearing γδ TCR in PEG that had been stimulated previously by proteose peptone.


A general theory for the morphological representation of discrete and binary images is presented. The theory relies on the generation of a set of nonoverlapping segments of an image by repeated erosions and set transformations, which in turn produces a decomposition that guarantees exact reconstruction. The morphological image-representation transform and its properties are examined, with focus on the relationship between the transform and some existing shape-analysis tools, thus introducing the transform as the basis of a unified geometrical image analysis. Particular cases of the general representation scheme are shown to yield a number of useful image representations which are directly related to various forms of digital morphological skeletons. Also considered is the relationship between the transform and the various forms of morphological skeletons.<<ETX>>


In order to carry out effective cross-project knowledge transfer to enhance project performance, it's necessary for an IT service enterprise to understand what is transferred beforehand. To resolve this problem, we identify the types and characteristics of knowledge transferred across IT projects by qualitative analysis. We conclude that knowledge required to be transferred across projects in an IT service enterprise includes two main categories of project process knowledge and project product knowledge, the former of which involves subcategories of business domain knowledge, project engineering knowledge, project management knowledge and organization management knowledge. These categories of knowledge are characterized by tacit ness, generality, hierarchy and valuability. Our study contributes to existing research by focusing on cross-project knowledge transfer and what is transferred, different from the existing studies mainly investigating knowledge transfer within the same project team. Results of the study can provide not only managerial implications to the development and utilization of knowledge and skills for IT service enterprises, but also theoretical preparation for further research on cross-project knowledge transfer.


William K. Ramstad is Principal and William Reiss is Vice Principal of the Thomas Hunt Morgan Junior High School, E. 162nd and 25th Avenues, N.E., Seattle 55, Washington. ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES There should be more time for guidance activities than is available in most schools. School time should be provided especially for individual guidance activities such as conferences between pupil and home-room teacher, counselors and other guidance specialists. There should be some recognition in the teacher's load of the time he should devote to guidance.'


Small bowel obstruction secondary to intussusception following a roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for morbid obesity is a rare clinical condition. It has become more frequently diagnosed with the increasing utilization of RYGB for the management of morbid obesity world-wide. We present a 34 year old female who presented at the Emergency Room of our facility with complaints of abdominal pain and a history of retro-colic and ante-gastric laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery at another Hospital a year prior to presentation. On account of unremitting abdominal pain, a lactate level of 5.4mg/dl and abdominal Computed Tomographic scan which showed evidence of small bowel obstruction with intussusception; an emergency exploratory laparotomy was done which revealed intussusception of the biliopancreatic and common limb into the distal aspect of the roux limb. Surgical intervention entailed resection of both the proximal common limb and distal roux and biliopancreatic limbs and surgical reconstruction of the jejunojejunal anastomosis. She is alive and well two years post surgery without any recurrence.


The effects of nano-titanium dioxide on the mass loss and the thermal performance of the silicone rubber reinforced with MQ silicone resin under the vacuum ultraviolet(VUV) irradiation by space combined radiation system were studied in this paper.The results show that there is mass loss of the silicone rubber after VUV irradiation and the mass loss percent increases with the increase of irradiation dose.The thermostability of the silicone rubber increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of irradiation dose.The VUV irradiation represents little effect on the body inflation/shrinkage distortion of the silicone rubber.Compared with the silicone rubber without adding nano-titanium dioxide,the degree of mass loss increasing,thermostability and inflation/shrinkage distortion changing of the silicone rubber modified with nano-titanium dioxide reduced after the VUV irradiation of the same dose,which shows obvious irradiation resistance performance.


Abstract -The close relationship between nematic and cholesteric mesophases was realized in 1922 by Friedel and the conversion of nematics into cholesteric systems has been the subject of considerable research since that date. In the present work the relationship between the chirality of the induced cholesteric mesophases produced from the addition of simple chiral molecules, of known absolute configuration, to p-methoxybenzylidene-p'-n-butylaniline (MBBA) and butyl-p-p-(ethoxyphenoxycarbonyl)phenyl carbonate (BPC) and the chirality of the solute has been investigated. It was found that cholesteric mesophase chirality cannot be predicted from the chirality of the active solute alone even though the cholesteric mesophases produced by adding enantiomeric additives appear to be always enantiomeric. Predictions of the helical sense of the induced cholesteric mesophases require detailed energy calculations for the nematic-solute "complex" similar to those employed by Scheraga on helical macromolecules. The sig...