In this paper, we attempt to correct a popularity bias, which is the tendency for popular items to be recommended more frequently, by enhancing recommendation neutrality. Recommendation neutrality involves excluding specified information from the prediction process of recommendation. This neutrality was formalized as the statistical independence between a recommendation result and the specified information, and we developed a recommendation algorithm that satisfies this independence constraint. We correct the popularity bias by enhancing neutrality with respect to information regarding whether candidate items are popular or not. We empirically show that a popularity bias in the predicted preference scores can be corrected.


D own the years our little academic department has endured with fortitude an inevitable consequence of its modest reputation in rather a thin specialty: we are more visited against than visiting. To say that is not to complain about our many and various guests. They are generally interested, polite, grateful, and keen to reciprocate our hospitality. ("Any time you're in Kalamazoo you'll drop by, wontcha, huh? Great.") Some come alone; some in droves with translators and buses, like package tours. Some come with expectations so high that we can only disappoint them. Some fit us in, for tax reasons, between ancestor hunts in the graveyards of Connemara and culture splurges at your wonderful Eden-burg Festival. Some seem intent on writing down everything we say, as though our specialty were a culture dying in the hands of a dwindling band of preliterate aborigines. Others seem to think it is less trouble for us if they talk all the time, usually about how they do it at home. A few sad souls appear to have been sent off by their departments to travel the world as some kind of penance or punishment, so that we worry about what they might find when they get back. There are occasional surprises. Once a distinguished Third World physician arrived and, having completed the basic tour, expressed an interest in a service development in which we take some pride. Arrangements were made. After two and half hours of introductory explanation, ward visits, and multidisciplinary case conferences through which he had sat solemn, silent, and evidently engrossed, I asked him if he had any questions. He brightened up a lot. "Yes, yes," he said. "Where please can I buy some coat hangers?" Next day I gave him some of the wire ones that proliferate mysteriously in all middle class wardrobes. Recently I thought of him again. Everything had changed. I was a visitor, living out of a suitcase in a strange land with more weather than climate, visiting a busy academic unit and trying, within the limits of language, to discern the subtleties of complex specialty arrangements amid a system of health care quite different from our own. My sympathy for the brave souls who visit our department had increased enormously. I suppose I knew what it felt like. Sitting in the offices of a variety of busy people I wondered again and again what they might be doing if they were not looking after me. My respect for their tolerance ofmy total inability to speak their language knows no bounds. For them to speak English was only a minor chore, but it visibly deprived them of many of the little things-nuances, idioms, jokes-that go to make professional contacts rewarding and relaxing. They did valiantly and I am eternally in their debt. I learnt a lot and I hope I did not cause them too much inconvenience. They were informative, cheerful, kind, and helpful when I felt vulnerable and burdensome and when they were undoubtedly busy. If ever any of them are in Edinburgh I sincerely hope they'll drop by. And in case you ever need to know, the Swedish for coat hanger is "kladehangare." -COLIN DOUGLAS, doctor and novelist, Edinburgh


This paper deals with nomenclatural proposals by the recent Austrian phytosociological survey "Die Walder und Gebusche Osterreichs" (WILLNER et al. 2007). In respect of the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature, we re- -evaluate the authors' approach to syntaxa names. An explanation is given of names assigned to the class Piceetea excelsae Klika 1948 referred to in that study, in rank of class ( Vaccinio-Piceetea ), order ( Piceetalia excelsae , Vaccinio-Piceetalia , Athyrio-Piceetalia ), alliance ( Abieti-Piceion , Vaccinio-Piceion , Piceion excelsae ), asso- ciation ( Homogyno alpinae-Piceetum , Adenostylo alliariae- -Piceetum , Equiseto sylvatici-Piceetum , Calamagrostio villosae- -Piceetum , Laricetum deciduae , Pinetum cembrae ) and subasso- ciation (automatic epithet typicum ). We emphasize careful consideration of the rules of the ICPN and relevant literature, irrespective of the specific syntaxonomical approach adopted. The associations Adenostylo alliariae-Piceetum Hartmann 1953 and Fago-Piceetum Hartmann 1953 are lectotypified.


A single crystal of Zirconyl oxy urea thiourea has been grown successfully from its aqueous solution. The grown crystals have been subjected to X-ray diffraction studies to identify the morphology and structure. The TGA-DTA studies showed the thermal properties of the crystals. The functional group of the grown crystals was found by UV Visible double beam spectra, FT-IR analysis, NMR and XRD studies.


In today the importance of communication in the construction industry in the world is not known enough. Therefore, various defects are experienced in business processes. This is also valid for the construction industry. Losses due to lack of communication is an issue that is overlooked in the construction business. In this study, the construction and operating business to create awareness about the importance of communication and place of origin proposals have been made to minimize problems. In this respect firstly, communication problems in the construction sector were discussed. It is divided into internal and external business communication. In this study, it has been developed solutions to the construction firm's external communication. External communication stakeholders in the construction sector are defined and the communications of the enterprises with these stakeholders have been examined. The economic dimension of the problem that occurred communication origin were also discussed. It has been argued that communicationrelated problems have lost to business economies.


ABSTRACT The duration of occurrence of two morphological forms of Keratella cochlearis varied seasonally in Lake Donghu, a shallow eutrophic lake in China. The total lengths of both K. cochlearis tecta and K. cochlearis cochlearis were negatively correlated with the water temperature. Total length of K. cochlearis tecta may also have been influenced by the degree of eutrophication or available food.


The aim of this work is to describe a general method for corre- late phenomenological and state coe-cients to quantities experimentally measurable both for mechanical and dielectric relaxation phenomena.


Longitudinally hollow bunches provide one means to mitigate the impact of transverse space charge. The hollow distributions are created via dipolar parametric excitation during acceleration in CERN's Proton Synchrotron Booster. We present simulation work and beam measurements. Particular emphasis is given to the alleviation of space charge effects on the long injection plateau of the downstream Proton Synchrotron machine, which is the main goal of this study.


A permutation pi is a merge of a permutation sigma and a permutation tau, if we can color the elements of pi red and blue so that the red elements have the same relative order as sigma and the blue ones as tau. We consider, for fixed hereditary permutation classes C and D, the complexity of determining whether a given permutation pi is a merge of an element of C with an element of D.
We develop general algorithmic approaches for identifying polynomially tractable cases of merge recognition. Our tools include a version of nondeterministic logspace streaming recognizability of permutations, which we introduce, and a concept of bounded width decomposition, inspired by the work of Ahal and Rabinovich.
As a consequence of the general results, we can provide nontrivial examples of tractable permutation merges involving commonly studied permutation classes, such as the class of layered permutations, the class of separable permutations, or the class of permutations avoiding a decreasing sequence of a given length.
On the negative side, we obtain a general hardness result which implies, for example, that it is NP-complete to recognize the permutations that can be merged from two subpermutations avoiding the pattern 2413.


Teak is one of the most valuable species in the world, but indigenous only to four Asian countries including Myanmar. An individual tree diameter growth model was developed for natural teak in Myanmar. The data used in this study were collected in permanent inventory plots located in the Bago mountain ranges. The concept and structure of the model is believed to be simple, but it can be used to estimate the growth of individual Teak trees in the natural forest with a high accuracy.


Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves in a strongly magnetized collionless plasma are considered. Consideration is carried on for the plasma with an anisotropic pressure tensor. We have derived a closed set of MHD equations describing linear hydromagnetic waves, and found the corresponding dispersion relation. We found the general solution of the dispersion equation, and considered various special cases corresponding to various standard types of MHD waves and the firehouse instability. Alternative solutions are found by means of the equations of state derived earlier for a medium with such properties and an ultrarelativistic temperature in Tsikarishvili et al. [Phys. Rev. A 46, 1078 (1992)].


than on engaging current social theory debates, they may be of less interest to readers who do not study the Uyghurs or Central Asia. In the fields of Uyghur studies and Central Asian studies more generally, however, both of these books are highly recommended, and I anticipate that their influence on future research will be substantial. For anthropological studies of the Uyghurs in particular, these books may not dismantle the "gate-keeping concept" of Uyghur identity politics entirely, but they should certainly shift that concept from the arena of ethnic politics into the realm of local Uyghur communities where identity is constructed, maintained, and reproduced through the practice of daily life.


Data mining is the process of extracting previously unknown, potentially useful information by the application of some kind of intelligent techniques. It is an analysis task which derives useful patterns and trends from the data repository. Data mining is an important task in the whole knowledge discovery process. Text mining is the analysis of data contained in natural language text. Classification is a basic functionality in mining. Classification has wide applications in the area of data mining, machine learning, database, and information retrieval etc. The various diverse applications include target marketing, medical diagnosis, news group filtering, and document organization. In this paper we explore the use of classification technique in the field of text mining. In this paper we also do a comparative study on a wide variety of text classification algorithms used in text mining. We explore the application of classification in text mining in areas like E mail spam filtering, Opinion mining, text filtering of news articles etc. The various algorithms considered are Decision Tree, Bayesian classification, neural classification and so on.


Purpose: Alternative treatment through direct intervention at the frequency level using principles of ayurved and technological understanding of ayurveda with quantum physics. Method: Each and every particle in the universe is in a state of constant movement in the form of vibrations occurring at a particular frequency. Similarly in the body, these vibrations occur. Each and every tissue in the body has its own set of frequencies which helps it differentiate itself from the other tissues in the body structurally and functionally. Any imbalance in this results in the change of state of the 3 major categories of reactions found in the cell anabolism, catabolism and transformation which ultimately results in formation of diseases. Result: Treating these imbalances of frequency in the correct way by increasing or decreasing any of the 3 processes and tapping into the body by various routes to make this happen is the basic principle of ayurveda. To avoid these routes and mediums like herbs, metals, mantras, etc, direct supply of the corrected frequencies in the channels or the meridian field of the body can correct any such abnormalities instead, whilst serving purposes of widening channels and breaking open blockages of such channels, the aim of healing is to get rid of this imbalance. Conclusion: Hence, we see that when treatment is given on the most fundamental level of existence, it affects us much more directly, effectively, affordably and repeatedly with theoretically no side effect. This must be taken up and spread for the betterment of humanity.


The lack of access to grid power means that people have to trek for kilometers to a nearby town to find a charging station, powered by diesel generators or solar panels. In Uganda, charging a cellphone can cost 500 Ugandan shillings, or about $0.20. Now London-based Buffalo Grid's basic technology, which was recently trialed in Uganda, should help cut those costs. A 60-watt solar panel charges a battery that's taken to the village on the back of a bicycle. The battery extracts power from the solar panel using a technique called maximum power point tracking.


OBJECTIVE: To prepare Flu mixture and establish its quality standard. METHODS: The methods of decoction- boiling and distillation were adopted to prepare the flu mixture; TLC was used to identify Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei and Rhizoma Curcumae Longae, and HPLC was used to determine the content of Artemisinin. RESULTS: The spots characteristic of Radix Et Rhizoma Rhei and Rhizoma Curcumae Longae. were clearly identified with TCL. A good linearity was seen of Artemisinin in the range of 0. 42~ 2. 10μ g( r=0. 999 3) . The recovery rate was 99. 84% ( RSD=2. 15% ) . CONCLUSIONS: The preparation is simple in preparation technique and good in stability. The TLC method is highly exclusive. The HPLC method is simple, accurate, and can be used for the quality control of flu mixture.


The cleaning capacity and technical characteristics of a Step Constant Stirred Tank Reactor(S-CSTR)for activated sludge are discussed using a simplified kinetic method and based on practical engineering application. The results of the analysis show that the more the steps of the S-CSTR and the lower the sludge reflux ratio, the higher its cleaning capacity and resistance to sludge bulging, but the lower its anti-shock-load capacity; and, on the other hand, the more steps it has, the higher is the equipment cost.


ABSTRACT By reviewing the Chinese theological publications in the twentieth century, especially during the 1920s–1930s and after the 1980s, this article aims to show that it is not a zero-sum game between the translation of western theological works into Chinese and the publication of original Chinese theological works. The selection of the western works for translation exhibited a certain creativity from the Chinese side, and in turn, the translated works also inspired original Chinese theological works. In the twenty-first century, the Chinese studies of Christianity developed rapidly. Many Chinese Christian theologians published pro-actively in western languages. Due to the recognition of the importance of Christianity in contemporary China and the awareness of the global context for Christian theology, there was a growing interest among western theologians in non-western Christian theology, including Chinese Christian theology. The exchange and collaboration between Chinese and western theologians were particularly prominent on global and public issues.


On June 12, 1972, Albert Meister gave a seminar, organized by the Center for a Voluntary Society (of Washington, D.C.), titled &dquo;Voluntary Participation in Eastern and Western European Countries,&dquo; The seminar transcript was too lengthy to be reproduced here in full, and in addition it had certain technical defects. Rather than lose this valuable material entirely, it has been decided to present selected portions from two of Professor Meister's books (Meister, 1972, 1974) as an introduction, followed by the highlights of the dialogue of the seminar. The editing has stressed presentation of the essence of the talk rather than the precise wording. The editor apologizes to participants for the inevitable shortcomings of this method. --J.C.R.


Recently, an active phased array antenna using monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) and digital signal processing techniques is being investigated to obtain advanced function including electrically beam scanning and adaptive pattern control for eliminating interference signals. Trials to develop a compact-size, light-weight and low-profile antenna for satellite mobile communications using such an active phased array have been reported(1)(2). To realize the active array antenna for satellite mobile communications, it will be important to develop an element antenna and active components suitable for monolithic and integrated structures. In addition, techniques for multi-layered feed network are required.


Firstly describes a new network technology:MPLS(multi-protocol label switching) about the datagram head structure,the basic ingredients and the operational principle.The working process in details by an example is being illustrated secondly.Based on these all,the advantages it brings to network are being presented.At last,draws the conclusion that this mechanism on MPLS is worth to be used widely because of its advantages.


This study investigated the knowledge of concepts of political education in the Social Studies curriculum on students' knowledge and attitude to political participation in Edo State. Over time, there has been expressed dissatisfaction by the Edo people that the government officials and representatives do not reflect public choice. There are also situations where individuals show up for voters' registration and still fail to vote when the time comes. Nigeria has continuously been plagued by election malpractices and a whole lot of electoral misconducts which gives the impression that Social Studies education has not made a remarkable impact. The purpose of this study is to examine if the knowledge of the concepts of political education in the Social Studies curriculum can influence students' knowledge and attitude to political participation in Edo State. Four research questions were raised to guide the study and two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design while the population comprised all JSS I-III students from the public Junior Secondary Schools in the seven (7) local government areas in Edo South senatorial district. The Edo South senatorial district has a total of one hundred and thirty-eight (138) public Junior Secondary Schools with a population of seventy-four thousand, four hundred and forty (74,440) Junior Secondary School students. The multi-stage sampling procedure was used to draw a sample size of eight hundred and forty (840) students used for the study. The instrument for data collection was an achievement test titled, "Knowledge of Political Education Test (KPET). Its reliability was ascertained using the Kuder- Richardson 20 and it gave a value of 0.95. The data obtained were analyzed using Mean and Standard Deviation. The findings from the study indicated that political education has the capacity of influencing students' attitude toward voters' registration and the voting exercises. It also revealed that political education can significantly influence the attitude of students towards the rule of law, electoral process and political participation. Based on the above findings, it was recommended that Social Studies curriculum content be broadened to address the issues of political education.


The invention provides an electronic camera system which operates an electronic camera in a minimum power mode when a not-genuine secondary battery is attached to the electronic camera. Namely, for the electronic camera which uses a detachable secondary battery as a power source, it determines from identification information whether the secondary battery is a genuine battery of the electronic camera. When determining that the secondary battery is a genuine battery, the electronic camera system allows the electronic camera to normally operate. When determining that the secondary battery is nota genuine battery, it places the electronic camera into the minimum power mode.


Summary Availability of cost effective mechanism/method to produce large-scale F1seeds utilizing selected parental lines is an important factor, which ultimately determines the commercial viability of the hybrid varieties. In vegetables, although experimental crosses (few seeds for research purpose) can be developed through manual emasculation (in case of hermaphrodite crops) followed by manual pollination of emasculated flowers or pistilate flowers (in case of monoecious crops with separate staminate and pistilate flowers) seed production of commercial hybrids (large quantity of seeds for cultivation) based on such methods is economically feasible only in tomato, eggplant, sweet pepper, cucurbits and few other vegetables, in which a large number of F1 seeds are obtained from one manually pollinated crossed fruits. Ever since (since 1930s) the discovery of male sterility (in onion) and self-incompatibility (in cabbage) mechanisms and their proposed utilization in hybrid seed production, several mechanisms and methods have been evolved for the development of experimental and commercial hybrids. This chapter describes genetic (inherited) and non-genetic mechanisms utilized for hybrid development in selected vegetable crops with special reference to male sterility, self-incompatibility, gynoecism, auxotrophy, use of sex regulators, and chemical hybridizing agents.


The present paper focused on both turbulent flow and laminar flow at low Reynolds number in a curved duct. The finite volume method on unstructured grid and SIMPLEC algorithm were adopted here and the computation program was design with these methods. Good agreement was achieved between the numerical result and experimental data in the literature, and it shows that the method is reasonable and the program works well. The numerical method was also used to flow simulation with different attack angle and side angle, and numerical results were consistent with conclusion in the literature. Finally, the numerical method used for cases with different Reynolds number at the inlet. Secondary flow phenomena have been researched in the curved duct and some conclusions were derived.


This study aim to: (1) monitor the evolution of corporate governance practices in Italian listed companies from 2003 to 2005; (2) evaluate the formal and substantial compliance to the Corporate Governance Code; (3) define if listing segment/market (and consequently also capitalization) is significantly related with the adoption of best practices. The research arose from the analysis of data contained in the "Summary reports", a questionnaire that Consob, the public authority responsible for regulating the Italian securities market, receive annually from the Board of Auditors, a statutory and mandatory control board typical of the Italian corporate governance system, of Italian listed companies. We find that nearly every Italian listed company adopts the Corporate Governance Code and its most important best practices. However, we find some contradictory discrepancies. We also find that the adoption of the Corporate Governance Code is significantly related to listing segment/market. The study contributes to enriching the knowledge of the corporate governance system in Italy that has its own unique features. In Italian listed companies governance best practices have become widespread; nevertheless in some companies still persist critical aspects that support the idea that in some cases there is only a "formal" adhesion to best practices instead of a substantial compliance. This study show that governance of Italian listed companies has been improved during the last few years in order to reach international standards. However, an enhancement in the substantial compliance to best practices is still needed.


This resource is provided for teachers at all levels using primary source materials from the Lewis H. Beck Archives. Here is the catalog and list of research guides from the Archives.


Background: Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) refers to PROM before 37 weeks of gestation. It is responsible for, or associated with, approximately one-third of preterm births and the single most common identifiable factor associated with preterm labor (PTL). This is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Management of preterm labor includes bed rest, adequate hydration, prophylactic cervical cerclage and use of tocolytic drugs. Administrations of tocolytic drugs including magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) and ritodrine have considerable influences on pregnancy outcomes. Objective: The present study aimed at comparing between the effects of magnesium sulphate administration and ritodrine on delaying the active phase of labor in women with premature rupture of membrane (PROM) and preterm labor, and determining the best drug with best results and fewest side effects. Patients and Methods: The present study was conducted on 80 patients, with established PROM, whose gestational ages ranged between 28 and 34 weeks, admitted to the hospital with PROM with PTL. In the current study, patients were allocated into two equal groups: group A (MgSO4), and group B (Ritodrine). Results: Both drugs (MgSO4 and ritodrine) were effective on prolonging the gestational age of the studied women in both groups, and there was no significant difference between both groups. MgSO4 had fewer side effects than ritodrine, and there was significant difference between both groups. Conclusion: Both magnesium sulphate and ritodrine increase delay in reaching the active phase of labor in women with PROM with preterm labor.


Purpose:To report the therapeutic effects of patients with bladder cancer treated by intra operative radiation and to recommend an effective method for the treatment of advanced bladder cancer. Methods:During the operation, when the tumor of bladder had been removed, a boost dose of electric beam from a linear accelerator was irridiated to the tumor bed. 22 cases were followed-up in a 10 years period.Results: Lower local recurrence rate was observed in patients received intra-operative radiation therapy, only 4 cases had a small recurrent tumor in the bladder during the follow-up period. In the 22 cases with the indications for total cystectomy, the normal bladder function was preserved. The quality of life and the survival period improved.Conclusions:If the tumor was situated around the trigonal portion with invasive, multiple type, especially for adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, total cystectomy or suprapubic cystostomy in the inoperable case was done in our hospital in the early period. Now we prefer the intra operative radiation therapy, because it is a suitable treatment for the advanced bladder cancer.


Left atrial clot is common in mitral valve disease. They are even more commonly seen after an episode of atrial fibrillation. This clot may cause sudden circulatory arrest and systemic embolization. Here we reported a case of mitral stenosis with very large organized clot in the left atrium secondary to coronary cameral fistula opening in left atrium. The patient underwent successful mitral valve replacement with removal of large left atrial clot of 300gm and closure of coronary cameral fistula opening with internal closure of left atrial appendage.


Foreign gas broadening of the vibration‐rotation lines in the first overtone band of hydrogen fluoride have been investigated. Linewidths broadened by N2, H2, and D2 have been measured for 15 lines in the band at a resolution of approximately 0.1 cm−1. Comparison of the measured widths with predictions based on the Anderson theory show good agreement only for N2 broadening of the lower J transitions. Theory overpredicts all H2 broadened widths and all D2 broadened widths except those for the R(0), P(1), and P(2) lines for the Anderson treatment of close collisions. Better agreement is found with H2 broadening if the Van‐Kranendonk treatment of close collisions is used. The general conclusion reached is that the theory cannot be used reliably to predict vibration‐rotation linewidths which are dominated by forces of shorter range than dipole‐dipole.


For the ciphertext storage and query in the DAS (database as service) model, this paper presents a ciphertext-query algorithm based on the filtering query in database. In the data storage process, the algorithm uses a given metadata set to encode the plaintext which needs protecting, generates and stores the corresponding ciphertext index code. In the data query process, the algorithm transforms the original query statement into ciphertext based on the index code to help database server complete the ciphertext-only query task. In this paper, we implement the algorithm using Oracle system and figure out the filtration rate, the detection rate and the execution time of the algorithm. The experimental statistics show that our algorithm has good performance.


The drying kinetics of hawthorn in a pilot-scale experimental fluidized bed dryer with and without vibration was investigated. The effect of operating parameters, such as vibration intensity, drying air flow rate, and temperature, on the drying rate and shrinkage of hawthorn was studied. The hawthorn fruit was dried at various drying air temperatures ranging from 40-70oC and drying air volume flow rates ranging from 22-30 m3/h with the vibration intensity ranging from 6.8 to 8.2 Hz. The entire drying process occurred in the falling rate period and no constant rate period was observed in the drying of hawthorn. Four mathematical drying models investigating the drying behavior of hawthorn were evaluated and then the experimental moisture data were fitted in these models. The quality of the models fitting was assessed using the coefficient of determination, chi-square and root mean square error. The logarithmic and Page models for drying rate and the Ratti and Vazquez models for shrinkage were found to be the most suitable for describing the drying and shrinkage curves of hawthorn. The results showed that the vibration intensity, drying air temperature and flow rate has no significant effect on the shrinkage of hawthorn. All mentioned parameters had a significant effect on the drying rate of hawthorn, but the effect of drying air temperature was considerably more compared to the other parameters. It was observed that shrinkage varies linearly with respect to moisture content, and the reduction in radial dimension of hawthorn samples was around 40% at the end of the drying process.


Moshangsang is a masterpiece of great interest.In the eyes of many readers,it describes how a mulberry-picking girl sneered at the official's flirtation and praises the unyielding spirit of working class.However,from the aspect of social status quo,the writer concludes that it reflects some features of local politics.The contents of this ballad are actually related to politics and society at the end of the Han Dynasty.In fact,it is not a song of the common,not praise for unyielding working class or criticism of extravagance of the rulers.It is a pleasant song sung among girls of big clans,who are familiar with politics of Han Dynasty.


Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMN) will be able to deliver voice calls, video streams, website visits, data services, and other services all through the same device on a transparent network, as opposed to the current generation of wireless communications. NGMN Alliance solutions are designed to improve service delivery while reducing the costs for both service providers and end-users.


Objective: To evaluate the effect of pulse pressure (PP) on left ventricular function in hypertension using Doppler tissue imaging. Methods: 35 patients with hypertension were divided into two groups:group with PP lower than 50 mmHg and group with PP higher than 50 mmHg.The Parameters including isovolumic systolic time (IVST),isovolumic diastolic time (IVRT), early diastolic and lately diastolic velosity (Ea,Aa) and systolic velosity (Sa) were measured by Doppler tissue imaging and compared between two groups by t test.The correlation of PP with above parameters was analysed. Results: Compared with group with normal PP,the IVRT increased and the Ea decreased in patients with hypertension,the difference was significant (r=0.62;r= 0.53). Conclusion: The results show that increasing PP attributes to decreasing left venticular diastolic function.Doppler tissue imaging is sensitive in predicting left ventricular function.


Recent observations have shown the Wolf-Rayet stars HD 186943, 193928, and 211853 to be spectroscopic binaries. The observational data are summarized below. For each star the first plate was adopted as a standard from which the relative velocities of the others were measured on a comparator. The tabulated relative velocities refer to the emission bands and no reductions to the sun have been applied.


Objective To introduce the method of periareolar Benelli mastopexy.Methods Preoperative marking is performed in Benelli's method.After the subcutaneous dissection,the breast gland was incised to form an inverted T incision three flaps:a superior dermoglandular flap supporting the areola,a glandular medial flap,a glandular lateral flap.After the appropriate resection of the glandular flaps was completed,the gland was lifted by a stitch in the glandular tissue of the superior flap and fixed to the pectoralis fascia.Next,the medial and lateral flaps are folded over one to another and sutured,the gland was reconstructed.Then the skin is redraped over the breast and sutured in purse string pattern.Results Twenty-six patients were treated with Benelli mastopexy including 12 cases with mild or moderate breast hypertrophy.There was no necrosis of the nipple-areolar complex.The beasts were in good shape and contour,periareolar scar was inconspicuous,and nipple sensation was well preserved during 1 to 12 months follow-up period.Conclusion Benelli's technique,manipulable and easy,is an optimal choice for breast ptosis accompanied by mild or moderate breast hypertrophy.


This essay is an attempt to portray the Hindenburg O.S. in Upper Silesia as an autobiographical place in the works of the German writer Werner Heiduczek. The space of the town, which he discovered in his childhood and early adolescence, runs through various literary texts that gradually add to and transform the vision of this place. The life on the border of cultures and historical events was his personal experience that contributed to his perception of the hometown and the region.


The present invention is, aliphatic diisocyanates aromatic sulfonamides and excess, a diisocyanate prepolymer obtained by the reaction of cycloaliphatic diisocyanates and / or aromatic diisocyanates, aliphatic diamines, a mixture of cycloaliphatic diamines or diamines and polyol, a condensation reaction in the presence of a fluorescent dye (provided that a molar excess quantities of diisocyanates in the prepolymer is present in said condensation reaction suspension aliphatic diamines, moles of phases equal mixture of cycloaliphatic diamines or diamines and polyol) relates to a thermoplastic fluorescent pigments obtained by.


Biodiesel is a petrodiesel substitute composed of a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters obtained by the transesterification of plant oils or animal fats with short chain alcohols such as methanol or ethanol. Despite its natural origin biodiesel is technically fully compatible with petroleum diesel, requiring virtually no changes in the fuel distribution system or the Diesel motor. Its production and use have increased significantly in many countries and are in nascent status in many others. Other advantages of biodiesel compared to petrodiesel are reduction of most exhaust emissions, biodegradability, higher flash point, inherent lubricity and domestic origin (Chang et al., 1996; Romig & Spataru, 1996; Wang et al., 2000). Literature on the refining of biodiesel is abundant but concentrates almost exclusively on the transesterification steps for transforming fats and oils into esters of short alcohols and fatty acids. In this sense in the last years the most important advances in the reaction technology have been the development of continuous heterogeneous transesterification reactors (Bournay et al., 2005; Portilho et al., 2008) and the design of new robust non-catalytic processes for multifeedstock operation (Saka & Kusdiana, 2001; Saka & Minami, 2009). In the case of the refining operations downstream and upstream the transesterification reactors the biodiesel literature is however scarce. Two are the reasons for this: (i) Feedstock pretreatment in the case of biodiesel is a mature technology developed decades ago for the production of edible oil. (ii) After natural triglycerides are converted into fatty acid methyl esters, the product mixture needs little chemical adjustment since many properties of these esters are ideal for the functioning of Diesel motors. Some reports on post-reactor biodiesel refining have dealt with classical and simple techniques of purification, e.g. water washing (Karaosmanoglu et al., 1996). Others have indicated that adsorption technologies are particularly suited for the refining of biodiesel (Yori et al. 2007; Mazzieri et al., 2008; Manuale et al. 2011). In order to elucidate the role of adsorption processes in the refining of biodiesel, this review studies some theoretical and practical aspects related to the functioning, design and operation of adsorbers and their application to the purification of biodiesel product and feedstocks.


We have developed a chlorine based dry etching process for nanopatterning the ferromagnetic oxide La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO). Large arrays of millions of identical structures have been fabricated from thin LSMO films by electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching. SQUID magnetometry demonstrates that patterned nanostructures with lateral dimensions down to 100 nm retain their full magnetization and the Curie temperature of the bulk layer. In addition, their shape anisotropy is sufficient to overcome the crystalline anisotropy of the bulk. High resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy shows that crystallinity is preserved even at the edges of the nanostructures.


Objective To investigate the efficiency and feasibility of transcervical resection of polyp(TCRP) and Norethindrone for endometrial polyps(EP).Methods 42 EP patients with hysteroscopy underwent TCRP,23 cases were given Norethindrone 6~8 tablets/8 hours,22 days/month for three months after TCRP. All cases were confirmed by pathology and were followed up for one year or more.Results The efficiency of all patients were noted one year after TCRP.39 cases were accordant to pathology with the accurate diagnostic rate of 92.9%.Menstrual symptoms amelioration rate of the TCRP and Norethindrone group was 82.6%.The recurrence rate was 13%.While menstrual symptoms amelioration rate of the TCRP group was 75%.The recurrence rate was12.5%.There were no significant defference between the two groups.Conclusion TCRP is a safe and effective treatment for EP.Using Norethindrone after TCRP have preventive function.


In the moment there are two major monetary indexes that are in use from the monetary authorities as standard for determining the money supply. The first is the apparent simple sum that is used by monetary policymakers. As is thought by the only name this index is the apparent summation on all components by is being given to them equal weight. It means that this index rested the speculation that the quality of money is one as well at the different monetary assets. This index was used since the quantity of the money was respected as well thereafter used wide as an important variable by the authorities and the analysts on the steams in the whole world. The other index is Division offered initially by Barnett. He rested the consumer bid of the different assets coming from the group theory, that is economic, and using the consumer value, to be received expenses based weight on the different parts.


The main of this essay is, taking in account the impact of economical globalization on the modern State, to evaluate the enforcement of the 26o article of the Human Rights Universal Declaration. The conclusion is completely skeptical, since glabalization reduces the scope and the control, by the Nation-State, of its own policy-making process. Therefor, it deals with increasing difficulties to promote any "social right", even there rhetorical suggeste by the 26o article of the Human Rights Universal Declaration.


There are different factors and ways, how the bullying's acts are learnt. The main focus of this scientific article is to analyse how are lernt the bullying's acts throught operant conditioning. After having performed bullying's acts, many students have noticed that as a result of their behavior they have managed to fulfill a specific purpose. From the analysed data in statistical way of the observations and the surveys conducted in two 9-year schools and two high schools in the city of Elbasan, it is found out that the achievement of a certain goal through bullying's acts, affects the repetition of those acts in similar situations. It is also found out that when students have avoided unpleasant situations as a result of bulling's acts, most likely they are going to perform these acts in the future to avoid other unpleasant situations. From the analysed data in statistical way it is also found out that the removal of something unpleasant through bullying's acts affects the repetition of such acts in similar situations. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n9p519


Serological methods are the main methods in diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2 infection. The western Blot (WB) is considered as a gold standard test for the confirmation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and/or other rapid screened reactive results samples in the diagnosis of HIV infection. However, problems of WB, particularly in regard to the significance of indeterminate results, still remain. To develop and evaluate a recombinant HIV-1/2 antigens-based line immunoassay as confirmatory assay for HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections is the objective of this study. HIV-1 envelope proteins (gp160, gp120, gp41), HIV-1 integrase protein (p31), HIV-1 gag proteins (p24, p17) and HIV-2 envelope protein (gp 36) were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. All recombinant HIV antigens were purified and immobilized on nitrocellulose membranes and applied in a line immunoassay, which supplement detected anti-HIV antibodies in a single strip. Specific antibodies to these antigens in human sera were revealed using an alkaline phosphatase labeled anti-human immunoglobulin G (IgG) as second antibody. Two anti-human IgG lines were used as a control for the addition of serum. Positive or negative results were determined by visual comparison of the antigen lines intensity with the two control lines. The recombinant HIV antigens-based line immunoassay identified seropositive individuals with a high degree of accuracy; none of the HIV-seropositive subjects yielded a negative result. Reactivity with these antigens, demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing seronegative from seropositive sera. This line immunoassay was much more sensitive and specific than WB. In particular, the line immunoassay allowed for a significant reduction in the number of indeterminate results and for more accurate distinction between HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 infections.


Background: Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is characterised by inadequate secretion of pancreatic enzymes and can result in significant gastrointestinal symptoms, malabsorption and increased morbidity.


The construction of urban green community in Xi'an was analyzed in terms of its status quo,opportunities and challenges faced as well as the the strengths and weaknesses.The concept of green community development,the guiding ideology,principles,green community development objectives,standards,content and process were developed.Green Community Action Plan in Xi'an was made.


Present accounting data models such as the Resource‐Event‐Agent (REA) model merely focus on the modeling of static accounting phenomena. In this paper, it is argued that these models are not able to provide relevant ex ante accounting data for operations management decisions. These decisions require dynamic descriptions of the consequences of alternative future courses of actions and the resulting events. Therefore, a new object‐oriented model is presented that enables the use of ex ante accounting data for this purpose. In comparison to the REA model, the object‐oriented model presented in this paper includes new static aspects as "recipes," "potential contracts," and "reservations," together with behavioral aspects expressed as theoretical scripts for the retrieval of relevant accounting data.


Nico De Swert's fantastic floral arrangements are more likely to resemble the bustle of a haute couture evening gown, an art installation, or an abstract explosion of colours and textures than a mere bouquet. De Swert shuns traditional romance in his designs, striving instead for stunning effect and challenging viewers to step out of their comfortable notions about flowers with his fresh, often radical approach, offering a dazzling selection of new ideas collected here in his first book. He incorporates a wide variety of flowers and plants from the most popular such as roses, to the more traditional and old-fashioned (chrysanthemums, carnations), to the less conventional (ranunculis, helleborus, pussy willows) into his arrangements. While texture, color, and shape are paramount, De Swert has chosen color as the organizing principal in his book. In extended captions, De Swert provides detailed descriptions of each arrangement accompanied by a list of the flowers used in each.


An Investigation of the Complex Motions Inherent to Machining Systems via a Discontinuous Systems Theory Approach. (May 2009) Brandon Christopher Gegg, B.S., Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville; M.S. Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Steve C. Suh The manufacturing process has been a heavily studied area over the past century. The study completed herein has established a foundation for the future of manufacturing research. The next step of this industry is to become proficient at the micro and nano scale levels of manufacturing. In order to accomplish this goal, the modeling of machining system needs to be completely understood throughout the entire process. In effort to attack this problem, this study will focus on the boundaries present in machining systems; and will define and interpret the associated phenomena. This particular focus is selected since nearly all manufacturing related studies concentrate on continuous processes; which by definition considers only one particular operation. There is a need to understand the phenomena corresponding to interactions of multiple processes of manufacturing systems. As a means to this end, the nonlinear phenomena associated in the continuous domains of machining systems will be modeled as linear to ensure the boundary interactions are clearly observed. Interference of additional nonlinearities is not the focus of this research. In this dissertation, the mechanical model for a widely accepted machine-tool system is presented.


Molecular bond-softening and above-threshold dissociation of H[sub 2][sup +] and D[sub 2][sup +] in intense laser fields is reexamined using 160 fs pulses of 769 nm light. At intensities greater than [similar to]10[sup 13] W/cm[sup 2] new features appear in the dissociation spectrum. These are consistent with the formation of trapped population in light-induced vibrational states, formed in the adiabatic potential near the three-photon resonance between the 1[ital s][sigma][sub [ital g]] and 2[ital p][sigma][sub [ital u]] states. Rovibrational structure of such light-induced states appears in the kinetic energy spectra of the ion fragments detected after multiphoton ionization.


Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of argon laser photocoagulation in patients with severe/very severe non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy(DR), who received none of the available intravitreal pharmacological agents.
Material and methods: This clinical study retrospectively examined 771 eyes of 392 patients who received no intravitreal administration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors or corticosteroids for non-proliferative DR (NPDR) and proliferative DR (PDR). The cases comprised 161 (41.07%) male and 231 (58.3%) female patients, with a mean age of 60.4±9.3 (28–90) years. For the patients with NPDR and PDR, panretinal photocoagulation was administered to those without macular edema, and focal or grid photocoagulation to those with macular edema.
Results:  The duration of follow-up was a minimum of one year and maximum of 23 years, with a mean of 3.2 ±3.1 years (1-23 years). Five hundred and sixty (72.6%) eyes underwent panretinal photocoagulation and 211(27.4%)  eyes panretinal+grid photocoagulation treatment. A comparison of the initial and final visual acuity of patients undergoing laser treatment revealed visual acuity to be increased in 57 (9.3%) eyes, to remain stable in 328 (53.7%) eyes and to decrease in 226 (37.0%) eyes in the NPDR group. In the proliferative group, in turn, it increased in 25 (15.6%) eyes, remained stable in 75 (46.8%) eyes and decreased in 60 (37.6%) eyes.
Conclusion: Laser photocoagulation is an effective treatment method for the treatment of DR in patients not treated with any available intravitreal pharmacotherapy. That said, decreased vision and progressed retinopathy cannot be prevented despite treatment in some patients.
Keywords: Laser photocoagulation, Therapy , Diabetic retinopathy, Diabetic macular edema


In this study, we explore the phenomenon of mobile technostress: stress experienced by users of mobile information and communication technologies. We examine the impacts of mobile technostress on individuals' job satisfaction. Based on the Transaction Based Model of stress and the existing literature on technostress, a conceptual model was proposed to understand this phenomenon. Two sources of mobile technostress have been identified: techno-overload and techno-insecurity. We hypothesize that techno-overload and techno-insecurity exert a negative impact on job satisfaction. The individual level mobile technostress inhibitors (i.e., self-efficacy) are identified as helping individuals reduce stress. We also hypothesize that self-efficacy has a positive impact on job satisfaction. Furthermore, the moderator effects of habit are also explored. We hypothesize that habit will negatively moderate the relationship between mobile technostress creators and job satisfaction, and positively moderate the relationship between mobile technostress inhibitors and job satisfaction. The methodological design as well as potential theoretical and practical implications has also been discussed.


This study uses survey data from Baltimore, Maryland to assess predictions from the dominant ideology thesis and the public arenas theory concerning causal beliefs about three specific types of poverty—welfare dependency, homelessness and impoverished migrant laborers. Findings indicate that the incidence and determinants of causal beliefs are more complex than has been reached in prior "generic" poverty research and the findings provide greater support for the public arenas theory. Three findings are of particular note: (1) sample respondents have distinctive causal beliefs for different types of poverty: for welfare dependency, individualistic beliefs are dominant; for homelessness, structural causes are emphasized; a causal "middle ground" is most popular for impoverished migrant laborers (2) status characteristics do not operate as determinants of causal beliefs in a straightforward fashion for any of the three poverty types and, (3) variables that measure types of exposure to, and perceived racial co...


According to life analysis in reliability theory, certain diagnosis rules can be used to diagnose machines' faults. On this basis, considering the indefiniteness in machine working states, the accurate diagnosis rule was extended to fuzzy diagnosis rule by using basic concepts and methods of fuzzy mathematics. The formulas of fault probability under different conditions were deduced. In the end, an example is given and the results of two methods were compared.


Floods are the most common and widely distributed natural hazards to life and property worldwide. In Kenya, floods are often declared national hazards. Nzoia River flowing through Budalangi Sub-County in Western Kenya, causes floods to this region annually threatening economic, physical, social and psychological survival to the inhabitants in the Basin. The study set up to undertake a flood risk mapping and assessment within Budalangi region and identify those factors that motivate the affected community to continue living in the flood risk zones. The specific objectives of the study were to map flood risk and safe zones within Budalangi, map land use land cover from Landsat satellite image of Budalangi sub-county, determine the land use elements at risk due to flooding, and to analyze the socio-economic factors that retain residence at flood risk areas. A sample of 162 households were systematically interviewed out of 15,245 households. The information obtained complimented secondary data obtained from shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM). The study applied GIS and remote sensing (RS) in the assessment of flood risks in the area. Mapping of land use land cover of the sub-county was done through the use of 2016 Landsat 8 image. Elevation analysis was done using void filled 2013 SRTM image. This analysis aided in delineating all features at risk. There were 61.1% female respondents, while 38.9% were male. Geographic positioning system (GPS) coordinates were pegged on sample locations as well as other elements that required elevation verification. Flood stage scenarios were hypothesized below and above the actual flood stage to determine locations for evacuation in case of various magnitudes of flooding. The features at risk were also evaluated by using existing land use land cover and an overlay analysis taken to determine the areas and land use at risk. The study found that 3.5km of settlement was at a greater risk while 12.5km of farmland were in danger of flooding. Further, the study found that 36% of the entire land cover was under farmland and 9% of total land cover was under aquatic-riverine vegetation, majorly in the shores of Lake Victoria and along River Nzoia. The study categorized the flood zones as high flood risk areas, moderate flood risk areas and low flood risk areas. The study further identified various regions within the sub-county which the affected people can be relocated to, and it was established that Budalangi High School, Bukangasi, Musokoto village, West Bunyala Location to East of Mundere has 90% safe zones. The study concluded that farmland was at a greater risk affecting 19% or 12.5km of farmland and 3.5km of buildup areas. Societal factors such as land acquisition, fertility and food security were found to be the main reasons why the community still strives to occupy this territory. The study recommends that settlements below 1143m ASL should be relocated to high ground areas such as Bukangasi, Musokoto and Budalangi High school, which are safe from floods.


Let A0
 be a closed,
minimal symmetric operator from a Hilbert space ℍ

 into
ℍ with domain not dense in ℍ. Let
A^
 also be a correct selfadjoint extension of A0.
The purpose of this paper is (1) to characterize, with the help of
A^, all the correct selfadjoint extensions B of
A0 with domain equal to D(A^), (2)
to give the solution of their corresponding problems, (3) to find
sufficient conditions for B
 to be positive (definite) when
A^ is positive (definite).


In this paper, some new families of orthogonal functions in two variables produced by using Fourier transform of bivariate orthogonal polynomials and their orthogonality relations obtained from Parseval identity are introduced.


Through comparing and analyzing the two technologies,TPA method was selected to synthesize DOTP combined production.DOTP is excellent primary plasticizers for PVC.It has advantages of heat-resisting,cold-resistant,nonvolatile,anti-extract,good flexibility and good high electrical resistivity compares to DOP.DOTP is a kink of environment friendly plasticizer which is out of restricted 16 kinds plasticizer with phthalate in Europe.


A method for the evaluation of launch vehicle performance is presented. The method avoids the CPU-intensive computationsneeded to Ž nd a launch trajectory by a numerical optimizationprogram, and it is based on variation of velocity balance formulas previously introduced. These formulas have been extended to allow a more realistic model of the launcher, includingmultistaging,variable thrust, nonlinearmass rate, etc. The results obtained show that accuracy is good, because the error in the estimate of the maximum payload mass that can be inserted into required orbits is below 10%. Moreover, the formulas developed can provide, in a very short time, a complete trajectory that can be a suitable input for trajectory optimizers.


Introduction: Percutaneous mitral valve repair (Mitraclip) has expanded treatment options for high risk surgical patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR). Hypothesis: The impact of amelioration of MR by Mitraclip on right ventricular (RV) remodeling and the pulmonary vasculature has received limited investigation. Methods: We undertook a prospective evaluation of consecutive patients who underwent Mitraclip insertion at our centre. Transthoracic echocardiograms were performed pre Mitraclip, 1 day, 1 month, 6 months and 12 months post Mitraclip procedure. We assessed right ventricular (RV) size, fractional area change (FAC), Myocardial performance index (MPI), right atrial (RA) area, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) from the tricuspid regurgitant spectral Doppler signal according to published ASE guidelines. Results: Twenty-nine patients underwent Mitraclip procedure from March 2011 to June 2013. Six patients were excluded from 12 month analysis because of incomplete data (2 patients), insertion of a LV assist device (1), and mortality (3), Among the 23 study patients, mean age was 73 y (range 52 to 85). The following table shows the mean values and standard errors with significant differences indicated in * (p Conclusion: Right ventricular function by FAC and MPI improved post Mitraclip. Pulmonary artery pressures also improved although the benefit appeared limited to 6 months post procedure. We observed no clear change in other parameters of right heart function or chamber size. Larger long term studies are required to evaluate these results.


Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) is popular and versatile approach applicable to risk assessment and safety improvement of a repairable engineering system. This method encompasses various fields such as manufacturing, healthcare, paper mill, thermal power industry, software industry, services, security etc. in terms of its application. In general, FMEA is based on Risk Priority Number (RPN) score which is found by product of probability of Occurrence (O), Severity of failure (S) and Failure Detection (D). As human judgement is approximate in nature, the accuracy of data obtained from FMEA members depend on degree of subjectivity. The subjective knowledge of members not only contains uncertainty but hesitation too which in turn, affect the results. Fuzzy FMEA considers uncertainty and vagueness of the data/ information obtained from experts. In order to take into account, the hesitation of experts and vague concept, in the present work we propose integrated framework based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy- Failure Mode Effect Analysis (IF-FMEA) and IF-Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (IF-TOPSIS) techniques to rank the listed failure causes. Failure cause Fibrizer (FR) was found to be the most critical failure cause with RPN score 0.500. IF-TOPSIS has been implemented within IF-FMEA to compare and verify ranking results obtained by both the IF based approaches. The proposed method was presented with its application for examining the risk assessment of cutting system in sugar mill industry situated in western Uttar Pradesh province of India. The result would be useful for the plant maintenance manager to fix the best maintenance schedule for improving availability of cutting system.


Sir Laurence Kirwan, Director and Secretary of the Royal Geographical Society from 1945 to 1975, and one of the founders of the Institute, of which he was an Honorary Member, died in London on 16 April 1999 aged 91. The events that took place early in 1946, and led to the foundation of the Institute of Navigation the following year, have been well documented by Pat Hansford in his article in the special issue of the Journal (September 1997) published to commemorate the Institute's fiftieth anniversary. Kirwan was a member of the original Steering Committee and then of the Provisional Council which undertook the preliminary work that culminated in the inaugural meeting in March 1947. He served on the first elected Council as Chairman of the Executive Committee, which in those days assumed responsibility for administering the Institute between meetings of the Council. In his article, Hansford recalls how the Royal Society, when approached about the formation of the Institute, had suggested that (in the somewhat uncertain situation immediately after the war) the new body might thrive best, at any rate to start with, under the aegis of an existing scientific society with similar objectives. Kirwan, then the recently appointed Director of the Royal Geographical Society, took the suggestion up by proposing various ways in which the RGS might assist the new body, and notably by offering it accommodation; and the Institute has, of course, been at the Society's house ever since. The original accommodation was not lavish but, quite apart from the prestigious address and pleasant and appropriate surroundings, the facilities available included the use of the Society's lecture theatre and the Council and committee rooms. It is difficult to see how the new body, with a handful of members and no money, could have survived without some such assistance. But it was perhaps at a deeper level that the arrangement was to prove so influential, for it brought the young Institute into immediate contact with the liberal traditions of the learned societies in this country, concerned essentially with the subject rather than the benefit of its members, no doubt very much as the Royal Society would have wished.


utilitarian and emotional assessments. Amygdala-vmPFC connectivity varies with the role played by emotional input in the task, being the lowest for pure utilitarian assessments and the highest for pure emotional assessments. These findings, which parallel those of researchonself-interestedeconomicdecision-making,supportthehypothesisthattheamygdalaprovidesanaffectiveassessmentofthe action in question, whereas the vmPFC integrates that signal with a utilitarian assessment of expected outcomes to yield "all things considered"moraljudgments.


Sir, We wish to congratulate Dr Mellado et al. on their comprehensive survey of difficult airway management in Denmark. Compared to our experience in the UK, we would agree with the authors that most of the departments are well equipped to manage airway problems. Furthermore, there appears to be well-structured training in airway management for all anaesthesia residents. In addition to the fundamental principles of difficult airway management mentioned in Mellado's excellent discussion, we also believe that in the event of a difficult airway, one should use techniques with which one is already familiar. Having also practised anaesthesia in other countries, we also find that there are great variations between countries in their approach to the difficult airway. This is confirmed by other studies that compare various countries and also differences between the difficult airway guidelines of various national anaesthetic bodies. Therefore, we believe that rather than adopt another country's guidelines, Danish anaesthesia would be best served by drawing up its own guidelines. This would then enable areas of particular concern to be emphasised, such as the lack of airway assessment, and also allow anaesthetists to rely on their strengths and areas of expertise as highlighted in the survey. It would also provide the basis for a nationally agreed curriculum for the 3-day airway management course for anaesthesia residents that you describe. Finally, we wish to point out that the ASA updated their guidelines in May 2003.


The properties of the triplet excited state of [60] fullerene-containing cyclic sulphoxide have been investigated by time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. Transient absorption bands of [60] fullerene-containing cyclic sulphoxide showed two decay-components, which wrer attributed to triplet excited states of different spin multiplicity. The properties of photoexcited states of [60] fullerene-containing cyclic sulphoxide are also reported.


The results of investigation showed that tobacco mildew caused by fungi during storage in Guangxi were prevalent and the main fungi were Aspergillus,Penicillum,Rhizopus and Muor.Among them,Aspergillus spp.was the dominant one,which distributed widely and caused great lose of tobacco.In each year,the severe period of tobacco mildew is from May to September.Whether the mildew occurred or not and the severity of mildew dependes on the storage facility and management.Temperature,moisture and tobacco moisture content(m.c.) were the three main factors for tobacco being moldy,and moisture was the major factor influencing the severity of mildew.


Traditional cosmology, once used to explain the world, was suppressed by the domination of science over philosophy which happened after their separation. Nowadays, scientifi c (in terms of natural sciences) cosmology is given the advantage in answering the question what is the world, while the "non-empirical" catholicity (the basic characteristic of traditional cosmology) became useless. Encouragement of one's eff ort to re-establish the category of catholicity can be found in the idea of integrative bioethics on one side and in the philosophy of the world on the other. In this paper the relation between the idea of integrative bioethics and the philosophy of the world will be established through philosophical discussions which were held in Augsburg and in Zagreb (1988, 1990, 1993) and also with reliance on understanding the world in philosophy of Karl Lowith.


Let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$ be a non-degenerate permutation on at least four symbols. We show that the set of uniquely ergodic interval exchange transformations with permutation $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}$ is path-connected.


The innovative intelligent fuzzy weighted input estimation method which efficiently and robustly estimates the unknown time-varying input force in on-line is presented in this paper. The algorithm includes the Kalman Filter (KF) and the recursive least square estimator (RLSE), which is weighted by the fuzzy weighting factor proposed based on the fuzzy logic inference system. To directly synthesize the Kalman filter with the estimator, this work presents an efficient robust forgetting zone, which is capable of providing a reasonable compromise between the tracking capability and the flexibility against noises. The capability of this inverse method are demonstrated in the input force estimation cases of the plate structure system. The proposed algorithm is further compared by alternating between the constant and adaptive weighting factors. The results show that this method has the properties of faster convergence in the initial response, better target tracking capability, and more effective noise and measurement bias reduction.


The specific energy absorbed during the axial collapse of a variety of graphite, Kevlar and glass fiber composite tubes was determined. Although structural collapse occurred by a fracture failure mode, the specific energy absorption was higher than that of high strength metal tubes which col lapsed by buckling, over a wide range of tube geometries (t/D ratios), provided that the correct trigger mechanism was used to initiate the failure. Little change in the specific energy absorption was observed over a wide range of compression rates or with temperature changes below 20°C; above 20°C the effect of temperature varied with the resin employed. Collapse occurred initially by interlamellar shear followed by fiber fracture. The results were correlated on the basis of the specific interlamellar shear stress which permitted the energy absorption values for a variety of materials to be compared.


Experimental evidence of electron multiplication, extracted from InGaP–GaAs–InGaP double heterojunction bipolar transistors, reveals a suppressed electron impact ionization coefficient, αn, with weak temperature dependence in InGaP compared to those measured from binary InP and GaP, which could not be predicted by the widely used Okuto–Crowell relation assuming that the optical phonon scattering is the only dominant scattering process during impact ionization. We show that discrepancies between the experimental data and the Okuto–Crowell relation can be consistently ascribed to the involvement of alloy scattering. This provides an improved insight into understanding the presence of alloy scattering on carrier impact ionization behavior in InGaP.


The recently developed domain-integrated field equations approach to static magnetic field computation is applied to some two-dimensional configurations, viz, a model rotor/stator slot configuration and a model magnetic recording head configuration. Consistently linear edge expansion functions are used for the magnetic field strength, together with consistently linear face expansion functions for the magnetic flux density, both on a triangular mesh. The method handles large contrasts in material properties on a coarse mesh, with excellent global error properties, in acceptable computation times.


Eac h party in e-tailing service,especially the manufactures,can make more profit by constructing the coordination mechanism;they can not only improve their profit,but also reduce market risk.The optimization of coordination mechanism can be realized by adjusting such parameters as price and order quantity;and the price of e-tailing can also be controlled at a comparative low level.Holiday sale and frequent price war will destroy the whole coordination mechanism of the service supply chain,weaken the cooperation among supply chain members and reduce the total profit of the whole supply chain.E-tailing manufactures should start from the improvement of the supply chain,improve the service quality and promote the sustainable and health development of e-tailing industry.


Abstract Background Designing comprehensive surveillance to generate credible burden estimates of enteric fever in an endemic country can be challenging because care-seeking behavior is complex and surveillance in different healthcare facilities may lead to documentation of different epidemiological characteristics. Methods We conducted retrospective surveillance in 3 healthcare facilities to identify culture-confirmed enteric fever cases in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2012 through December 2016. The study settings included (1) hospital in-patient department (IPD), (2) hospital out-patient department (OPD), and (3) private consultation center OPD. We analyzed the cases to understand their distribution, age ranges, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns across the settings. Results Of the 1837 culture-confirmed enteric fever cases, 59% (1079 of 1837) were OPD cases. Children with enteric fever hospitalized in the IPDs were younger than children seeking care at the hospital OPD (median age: 45 vs 60 months) or private OPD (median age: 45 vs 72 months). Multidrug resistance rates were slightly higher in hospital IPD cases than in private OPD cases (26% vs 24%). Conclusions In each facility, we identified different epidemiological characteristics, and lack of consideration of any of these may result in misinterpretation of disease burden, identification of different age groups, and/or antibiotic susceptibility patterns.


Here we describe the use of a backside exposure method for the creation of high aspect ratio tapered microstructures with nano-porous sidewalls. These sidewalls result from the exposure and curing conditions of the SU8 matrix. The structures show ultra-hydrophobic behavior with water contact angles of more than 160°, without an additional coating of the SU8 polymer. By choosing appropriate exposure conditions, needlelike structures can be created with a high level of porosity, covering their entire surface. The contact angle hysteresis values of such structures lie in the range of 20°. After an additional deposition of smooth and thin metallic gold film and coating it with an alkyl thiol selfassembled monolayer (SAM), we were able to decrease this hysteresis to values of around 10°. By using thin and rough metallic films like wet chemically oxidized titanium oxide and a fluoralkylsilane SAM, the hysteresis values could be reduced to only 4°.


Native Americans made an early appearance on the Internet in 1994. The number of Indian‐run Web sites about Native American issues, histories and cultures continues to expand. Web sites are created and maintained by Indian tribes, organizations and individuals, and may be directed at tribal members, the non‐Indian public, or both. Major categories of Indian Web sites include tribes, organizations, education, media, businesses, music and languages. This article looks at 120 selected Web sites on these topics.


Summary form only given. High density ~1012-1014 cm-3, large (500-2500 cc) volume, high-pressure air and air constituent atmospheric (50-760 torr) plasmas are of great interest in variety of scientific and industrial applications such as material processing, biological decontamination, radar and stealth antennas. We present a technique for producing these plasmas and measuring their temperature, density and recombination rates by means of optical emission and millimeter wave interferometry. The plasma is produced by utilizing a seed (15 mtorr) organic gas, tetrakis (dimethyl-amino) ethylene (TMAE), in high-pressure air and air component gases is pre-ionized by a 393 nm excimer laser (300 mJ), 20 ns pulse width. The seed plasma is then sustained by the efficient absorption of the pulsed 13.56 MHz radio frequency (RF) power (1-25 kW) through inductive coupling of the wave fields, which reduces the RF power requirement for plasma initiation to a great extent. High-resolution optical emission spectroscopic (OES) diagnostics are carried out to measure the density and temperature profiles of the plasma. We use a 0.5-m monochromator with a 1200-groove/mm grating with entrance and exit slits of 10 mum to obtain high resolution. The monochromator is calibrated for spectral intensities between 200-800 nm with a Hg-Ar light source. Hbeta (486.132 nm) and Halpha (656.28 nm) line broadening techniques have been used to measure the FWHM, which in turn used to measure the density and temperature of the plasma. A small amount of H2 (2% mole fraction) is mixed with the working gas. The background emission spectrum, due to the N2 first positive system B3Pig-A3Sigmau + is also measured by turning off hydrogen flow. For the temperature (0.4-0.6 eV) and density (1012-1014 cm -3) range of the plasma generated, the line width is dominated by Stark broadening. The spectroscopic measurements are used to obtain density and collisional rates are compared with those using a 105 GHz interferometer. The spectroscopic measurements can also provide highly localized measurements of the plasma conditions in regions that are less accessible to interferometer measurements


Device for detecting fluid spills e.g. fuel from a vehicle, comprises a substrate carrying or impregnated with an indicating means which undergoes a change when contacted by the spilled fluid. Change in the indicating means may colorimetric or a change in opacity or reflectivity. Litmus is a typical indicator. The substrate may be the form of a card and may carry an adhesive so that the device can be affixed to a surface. The indicating means may be in the form of a pattern, symbol or word on the substrate.


The process of cellular differentiation relies on the action of transcriptional regulators to enact the developmental fate of the cell. The filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 is a model system for studying pattern formation and cellular differentiation. When combined nitrogen is limiting, Anabaena forms a periodic pattern of nitrogen-fixing heterocyst cells separated by 10-20 photosynthetic vegetative cells. The pattern of cells that can differentiate is defined by the interaction of the master regulator of differentiation, HetR, and the inhibitors of differentiation, PatS and HetN. The crystal structure of HetR bound to DNA determined the amino acids that interact with DNA and mutations in these amino acids yielded non-functional hetR alleles. In this work, a 17 bp inverted repeat in the promoter of the hepA gene was bound by HetR in vitro and found to be necessary for heterocyst-specific transcription in vivo. A search of the genome identified 166 potential hepA-like HetR sites and investigation of a subset of these sites found that HetR could act as either a transcriptional activator or repressor. This study also identified a HetR-binding site in the promoter region of the trpE gene, which encodes an anthranilate synthase involved in tryptophan biosynthesis. Mutation trpE yielded a strain that differentiated heterocysts in the presence of nitrate, a nitrogen source that normally represses differentiation. Analysis of the intracellular concentration of the Kreb's cycle intermediate 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) showed a roughly 2.5 fold increase within one hour after the transition from growth on ammonia to nitrate. This spike in 2-OG is characteristic of a nitrogen starvation response and suggests a role for amino acid metabolism in the perception of nitrogen starvation. The final study utilized an FMN-dependent fluorphore, EcFbFP, to determine the transcriptional profiles of hetR,


The present paper describes a method for obtaining accurate design-oriented stress and stress sensitivity information from reduced order Linear Time Invariant (LTI) state space models of integrated aeroservoelastic systems, using Lyapunov's Equation for calculating covariance matrices of the displacement and stress responses. A complete formulation of the reduced-order stress gust response problem for aeroservoelastic design synthesis, tailored toward integration with control system design techniques based on modern control, is presented. It includes an adaptation of the Mode Acceleration method, reduced-order analytic sensitivities of stress covariances, and efficient approximations to be used in a Nonlinear Programming / Approximation Concepts (NLP/AC) approach to design optimization. A realistic aeroservoelastic model of a typical passenger airplane is used as a test case, and the paper includes results of convergence studies for the assessment of order reduction effects on the accuracy of the integrated structure / aerodynamic / control models. NOTATION [ ] ) s ( A Laplace transformed full order influence coefficient matrix (associated with full order structural model) u u n n × [ ] φ i A Roger aerodynamic matrices (real) for fitting [ ][ ] φ ) s ( A (Eq. 8) q u n n × [ ] L A defined in Eqs. 53, 54. [ ][ ][ ][ ] D , C , B , A state space model matrices (with appropriate subscripts to designate sensors, actuators, control laws, gust filter, and overall system) g i s i c , c aerodynamic lag terms for structural and gust forces, respectively  Copyright © 2002 by Frode Engelsen and Eli Livne. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. with permission. [ ] C viscous damping matrix (structural) [ ] D aerodynamic matrix in a Minimum-State rational approximation form (Eq. 9) [ ] E aerodynamic matrix in a Minimum-State rational approximation form (Eq. 9) { } L F defined in Eqs. 53, 54 [ ] I identity matrix [ ] K stiffness matrix [ ] M mass matrix A n order of the state space model of the actuators c n number of active control surfaces CO n order of state space model of the MIMO control law block g n order of the state space model of the gust filter Ls n number of lag terms in a minimum state unsteady aerodynamic force rational approximation (structural and control surface motions) Lg n number of lag terms in a minimum state unsteady aerodynamic gust force rational approximation q n number of reduced order structural degrees of freedom u n full order number of structural degrees of freedom NLs – number of aerodynamic lag terms { } q vector of reduced order generalized coordinates [ ] Q generalized aerodynamic matrix s – Laplace variable ref S wing reference area [ ] S matrix used to calculate stresses from full order displacements { }T xy yy xx s s s vector of local stresses in a planestress thin structural element D q dynamic pressure [ ] Q intensity matrix of the white noise driving the gust filter. { } u full order displacement vector ∞ U flight speed 43rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Con 22-25 April 2002, Denver, Colorado AIAA 2002-1477 Copyright © 2002 by the author(s). Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission. 2 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics [ ] 2 V Eqs. 51,52 [ ] 2 V Eqs. 39, 40 w vertical speed of atmospheric gusts { } x state vector for complete aeroservoelastic system { } i x state vector for sub-system i. [ ] X covariance matrix for complete aeroservoelastic system with structural degrees of freedom reduced by mode displacement basis. { } meas y true structural responses at the points of measurement { } δ vector of commands to the actuators [ ] φ matrix containing (column by column) reduced order modal basis q u n n × [ ][ ][ ] 2 1 0 , , Φ Φ Φ matrices defining (Eq. 17) the true responses on the structure at the points of response measurement Subscripts and superscripts: A actuator g – gust G – gust filter c – control degrees of freedom cc – control-control partition of system matrices CO – control law cs – control-structural coupling in system matrices s – structural degrees of freedom sc – structural-control coupling in system matrices SE sensor sg – structural-gust partition of system matrices ss – structural-structural partition of system matrices T transpose


Through the current research on e-learning, it is found that the present e-learning system applied to the recommendation activities of learning resources has only two search methods: Top-N and keywords. These search methods cannot effectively recommend learning resources to learners. Therefore, the collaborative filtering recommendation technology is applied, in this paper, to the process of personalized recommendation of learning resources. We obtain user content and functional interest and predict the comprehensive interest of web and big data through an infinite deep neural network. Based on the collaborative knowledge graph and the collaborative filtering algorithm, the semantic information of teaching network resources is extracted from the collaborative knowledge graph. According to the principles of the nearest neighbor recommendation, the course attribute value preference matrix (APM) is obtained first. Next, the course-predicted values are sorted in descending order, and the top T courses with the highest predicted values are selected as the final recommended course set for the target learners. Each course has its own online classroom; the teacher will publish online class details ahead of time, and students can purchase online access to the classroom number and password. The experimental results show that the optimal number of clusters k is 9. Furthermore, for extremely sparse matrices, the collaborative filtering technique method is more suitable for clustering in the transformed low-dimensional space. The average recommendation satisfaction degree of collaborative filtering technology method is approximately 43.6%, which demonstrates high recommendation quality.


the extent to which his findings are compatible with alternative neorealist theories. In particular, the variability and historical contingency of balance-of-power politics and the prevalence of "hegemonic takeoffs" (chap. 4) is inconsistent with what Waltz's theory would lead us to expect but is perfectly compatible with oifensive neorealism and power transition theory. While Cederman sees his study as a challenge to neorealism, he places it firmly within the constructivist camp. Indeed, his objective is to "combine formal modeling techniques with the insights of sociologically oriented perspectives outside of mainstream IR theory" (p. 6). But despite the insistence that states and nations are socially constructed (p. 19), nonmaterial variables and processes do not figure prominently in Cederman's analysis. In explaining whether the international system will expand or contract, for example, the Emergent Polarity Model contains three independent variables (the proportion of predators, defense dominance, and defensive regional alliances), none of which includes a nonmaterial, normative, or sociological dimension (p. 78). Nor is there any discussion of how new norms of sovereignty and self-determination increase the number of actors in the international system. For example, one possible mechanism is that by reducing the legitimacy of predatory behavior and giving state preservation the status of an international principle, sovereignty becomes a nonmaterial resource for otherwise weak states. Moreover, in Cederman's models, socially constructed beliefs do not play much role in giving internal and external enemies clues about when military action might pay.


Thank you for downloading munich the price of peace. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their chosen readings like this munich the price of peace, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful bugs inside their computer. munich the price of peace is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the munich the price of peace is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The 1949 and 1959 Kentucky flexible pavement thickness design curves were based on empirical experience. Revisions made in 1968, 1971, and 1981 combined elastic theory with that empirical experience. The latter three revisions utilized a failure criterion of tensile strain at the bottom of the asphaltic concrete based on laboratory testing as well as a criterion developed from theoretical analyses of vertical compressive strains at the top of the subgrade. Following a brief summary of this nearly 40 years of empirical experience in Kentucky, attention is focused on Kentucky's 1987 thickness design curves.


The problem of training students of Civil Engineering Higher Education Establishments on the basis of the usage of a competent approach during the process of education is reviewed in this article. The efficiency of realization of the complex of pedagogical requirements in the process of training students of Civil Engineering Higher Education Establishments is demonstrated.


Small mammal populations were compared on unmined rangeland and reclaimed coal surfacemined land reseeded 2 years and 3-5 years previously. Eight species of small mammals were present on the 3-5-year-old reclaimed areas compared with six on 2-year-old areas and five on unmined rangeland. The masked shrew (Sorex cinereus) and northern grasshopper mouse (Onychomys leucogaster) were captured almost exclusively on 3-5-year-old reclaimed land and unmined rangeland. Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) dominated the community on all reclaimed areas in terms of density (13.8 ? 1.2/ha) and biomass (240.1 ? 109.1 g/ha). They composed 93.6 ? 1.9% of all small mammals captured on 2-year-old areas and 83.2 ? 1.1% of those captured on 3-5-year-old areas. Variation in their density paralleled variations in proportions of juveniles on the recolonized areas. Deer mice also were most abundant on unmined rangeland in terms of density, but thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) dominated in terms of biomass. Density of recolonizing deer mice stabilized within 2 years after reclamation. After 2 years, total small mammal density remained relatively constant, and diversity of the community increased. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 48(4):1255-1261 The increase in surface mining for coal in the northern Great Plains has generated interest in the ecological processes of reestablishing plant and animal communities in this region. The role of small mammals in undisturbed grasslands has received attention but little is known from reestablished grasslands. Recolonization by small mammals has been investigated on coal mine spoils in eastern and midwestern regions of the United States where repopulation occurs rapidly (Sly 1976, Hansen and Warnock 1978). Revegetation of land in the Great Plains differs from eastern coal lands because of the semiarid climate, low levels of toxic materials, moderate soil acidity, and advanced reclamation technology (Holechek 1982). The objective of this study was to compare community composition and density of small mammals on reclaimed areas of different ages after soil replacement and reseeding. Information from this study was used in an evaluation of the impact of grazing by small mammals on revegetated land (Hingtgen 1982). This research was supported by the USDA For. Serv., Rocky Mt. For. and Range Stn., Res. Work Unit in Rapid City, the AMAX Coal Co., and the USDI Bur. of Mines, under grant G1106002. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the Bur. of Mines, Dep. of the Inter. We thank R. R. Shinn of AMAX for cooperation during initial phases of the project and acknowledge D. G. Steward, C. H. Sieg, and D. W. Uresk for reviews of the manuscript.


age. Whether we read the Synoptics, John or Paul, the same basic tune is sounded, although the key may be quite different and the harmony varied. The Kingdom of God, eternal life, justification and the life of the Spirit all belong to the age to come, all are eschatological. Yet all have become objects of present experience. Futuristic eschatology remains, but eschatology is also contemporized. Nowhere does the New Testament say that this age has passed away. The evil age remains ; the basic antithetical structure is nowhere relinquished. Yet because of the death and resurrection of Christ, men may be delivered from the domination of the evil age (Gal 14). They need no longer be conformed to it (Ro 122), because, as the author of Hebrews puts it, they have experienced the power of the age to come (He 65). The redemptive blessings of the future age have, in part, reached back into this age before the full consummation of God's redemptive


Although there have been a number of overviews of the state of special units in Botswana in general over the last few years there appears to be little work done specifically looking at the effectiveness of the units. What was needed therefore was an in-depth study that focused on these units with the aim of evaluating their current level of service. To do this effectively with the resources available, the evaluation team decided to concentrate on those units that are concerned with provision for children with mental disability.

The evaluation sought to:
• Identify the objectives set out by government in the formation of these units;
• Identify objectives that are deemed to be desirable for this sort of provision in the current literature on this type of provision;
• Highlight success and good practice in the light of these two sets of objectives;
• Illuminate areas where objectives are not being met;
• Seek to find out why the objectives are not being met, and
• Offer some proposals so that the gap between policy and practice becomes less.
The literature review was an integral part of the study as the team needed to identify good practice in the field under study. We identified existing goals and criteria for the units in question as they currently exist in documentation in Botswana and then expanded the search to identify examples of good practice in the wider African context and in the context of Western education systems with the reasoning that much of the education system in Botswana is based on an amalgam of those practices and ideas.


Possible options of the enterprise development after the innovation introduction depending on external factors are considered. Effectiveness of such introduction, products increase and consumption as far as other indicators are calculated.


Presents the CAD software developed for the development of new microwave absorbing material which realizes complete optimization of material reflection ratio with different parameters, and stable performance of microwave absorbing material, and the theory behind, software menu, main functions database of electromagnetic parameters established with this software.


Although the sinking of the Cheonan during US-ROK joint naval exercises on March 26, with the loss of 46 lives, was a tragic incident, South Korea's Lee Myung-bak (hereafter LMB) government saw a political opportunity in the incident. By declaring North Korea as the culprit and announcing various sanctions on the North Korean regime, the ruling party tried to mobilize conservative voters in the nationwide local elections on June 2. The conservative LMB government also tried to get a United Nations Security Council resolution condemning North Korea as the culprit and intensifying international sanctions against the regime. Neither domestic politics nor international politics have unfolded in the way the LMB government anticipated. Rather than rewarding the government in the local elections, the government's drive to politicize the Cheonan backfired and the main opposition party did surprisingly well. Serious doubts and scientific questions have been raised from within South Korea about the credibility of the findings of the Civilian-Military Joint Investigation Group. The management of the Cheonan has also created foreign policy dilemmas. In the aftermath of the Cheonan, the Six Party Talks have become hostage to South Korea's insistence on a North Korean apology which is not likely to be forthcoming. The challenge for the LMB and Obama governments is to devise an exit strategy to get back to productive talks.


In the ceramic works,the porcelain paintings constantly integrate with other literary devices.Many ceramists use the poems to embellish their ceramic works as their themes of creation.The poems by Li Qingzhao,the noted poetess of Song Dynasty,have been transplanted into the ceramic works.They are combined with the traditional,beautiful Chinese women,forming an integral whole,making the whole works look profoundly significant and elegant in style.


As a discount usability method, one often seeks maximum efficiency from the heuristic evaluation process. It may be tempting to seek efficiency by giving the raw problem descriptions generated by the evaluators to developers as the final problem reports. This does not work because these raw problem descriptions can not be used effectively by the development team. The detail provided by individual problem descriptions is lacking [1]. Also, the problem descriptions are not organized in a way that is relevant to developers addressing them. Rather than identifying root causes and how they may be addressed, they often identify widely separated or even apparently contradictory symptoms.


Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the largest contributor to the greenhouse effect, and fixing and using this greenhouse gas in a facile manner is crucial. This work investigates the electrocarboxylation of dichlorobenzenes with the atmospheric pressure of CO2 in an undivided cell with an Ag cathode and an Mg sacrificial anode. The corresponding carboxylic acids and their derivatives, which are important industrial and fine chemicals, are obtained. To deeply understand this reaction, we investigate the influence of various reaction conditions, such as supporting electrolyte, current density, electric charge, and reaction temperature, on the electrocarboxylation yield by using 1,4-dichlorobenzene as the model compound. The electrochemical behavior of dichlorobenzenes is studied through cyclic voltammetry. The relation among the distinct electronic effects of dichlorobenzenes, the electrochemical characteristics of their reduction, and the distribution law of target products is also established.