The numbers in square brackets are cross-references to the numbered paragraphs in the accompanying background paper, Screening for Thyroid Disease: An Update, which is part 2 of this guideline (see pages 144-158). Screening is the application of a test to detect a potential disease or condition in a person who has no known signs or symptoms of that condition at the time the test is done [1]. Screening with thyroid function tests can identify clinically inapparent subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Subclinical hypothyroidism is diagnosed when a patient has an elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level as determined by a sensitive TSH test and a normal thyroxine level. Subclinical hyperthyroidism is diagnosed when a patient has an undetectable TSH level and a normal thyroxine level. Screening also detects overt thyroid dysfunction, which is diagnosed when a patient has an elevated TSH level and a low thyroxine level (overt hypothyroidism) or an undetectable TSH level and an elevated thyroxine level (overt hyperthyroidism). In 1990, the American College of Physicians published guidelines on screening for thyroid disease [2, 3]. These guidelines recommended the use of thyroid function tests to identify symptomatic but clinically unrecognized overt hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis in women older than 50 years of age. Since 1990, studies of screening have confirmed that even in clinic patients who receive regular care, screening can identify symptomatic overt hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism that was not suspected in the usual course of care. The 1990 guidelines recommended against screening for subclinical thyroid failure in the general population because evidence that such patients benefit from earlier detection and treatment was insufficient. Subclinical hypothyroidism (also called mild thyroid failure) may be associated with nonspecific symptoms, hypercholesterolemia, and progression to overt hypothyroidism. Studies performed since 1990 have added to the ability to estimate the risk for these complications in relation to age, sex, and TSH level. However, screening remains controversial because the results of randomized trials of treatment in symptomatic patients have been inconclusive and because asymptomatic persons have not been shown to benefit from treatment [5.9-5.20]. To help providers assess the potential benefits and harms of screening, we focused on screening with thyroid function tests among patients who come to physicians for unrelated reasons, an approach called case finding. We reviewed studies of screening for thyroid dysfunction and studies of the effectiveness of early treatment for subclinical thyroid dysfunction. We make recommendations for each of the four conditions detected by screening, summarize the rationale for each recommendation, and describe the strength of the evidence underlying the rationale. In the accompanying background paper, we present detailed results of the literature review and estimates of the potential benefits of screening in different groups of patients. We also provide more detailed recommendations for screening in the primary care setting, including specific suggestions for interpreting and acting on abnormal test results. Recommendations 1. It is reasonable to screen women older than 50 years of age for unsuspected but symptomatic thyroid disease. The preferred screening method is a sensitive TSH test. A free thyroxine test should be done when the TSH level is undetectable or is 10 mU/L or more. Patients who have an undetectable TSH level and an elevated free thyroxine level have overt hyperthyroidism. Patients who have a TSH level higher than 10 mU/L and a low free thyroxine level have overt hypothyroidism. Patients with either of these conditions are likely to benefit from appropriate treatment. Well-designed prospective clinical and epidemiologic studies have found that 1 in 71 women older than 50 years of age has unsuspected but symptomatic overt hypothyroidism or overt hyperthyroidism that will respond to treatment [3.3]. Screening in women younger than 50 years of age and in men is not warranted because of the low prevalence of unsuspected but symptomatic thyroid dysfunction among these persons [3.4]. 2. The treatment of patients found by screening to have persistent subclinical hyperthyroidism has not been studied. Persistent subclinical hyperthyroidism is associated with an increased risk for atrial fibrillation and osteoporosis. Patients who are found to have relatively specific symptoms and signs (such as goiter, nodule, eye findings of Graves disease, or tremor) should be referred to an endocrinologist for consideration of treatment. The management of patients without clinical findings is not clear because most of these persons remain healthy. Information about factors that could help predict which patients are likely to develop complications is needed to develop a practical strategy for managing this condition. 3. The available evidence is not sufficient to recommend for or against treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism. Potential complications of subclinical hypothyroidism are reversible symptoms, hypercholesterolemia, and progression to overt hypothyroidism. Results from randomized trials of treatment to relieve symptoms have been equivocal, and these trials have been too small to show statistically significant effects on elevated lipid levels [5.9-5.17]. Larger, well-designed randomized trials are needed to determine whether treatment would be effective in clinic-based screening of otherwise healthy primary care patients. Among persons with subclinical hypothyroidism, women older than 50 years of age with markedly elevated TSH levels ( 10 mU/L) have the highest risk for complications. Either treatment or observation is a reasonable approach in this group. One option is to treat patients who have symptoms that may be caused by hypothyroidism with the understanding that only about one in four will benefit and that follow-up evaluation will be needed to decide whether to discontinue therapy in patients whose condition does not improve. Small, sometimes poorly controlled observational studies suggest that, on average, treatment with L-thyroxine may reduce serum cholesterol by 8% in women who have a TSH level of 10 mU/L or more and an elevated serum cholesterol concentration ( 6.2 mmol/L) [5.31]. It is reasonable to offer a trial of L-thyroxine therapy to patients who have these findings. The efficacy of treating patients with subclinical hypothyroidism to prevent progression to overt hypothyroidism is not known. However, physicians who believe that significant morbidity accompanies progression to overt hypothyroidism may wish to prescribe L-thyroxine to all asymptomatic patients who have a TSH level of 10 mU/L or more. Other groups, including younger women, men, and patients with a mildly elevated TSH level (6 to 9 mU/L), have a lower risk for complications [5.6, 5.21-5.24]. In these groups, no strong evidence indicates that treatment is effective or ineffective in relieving symptoms. The question can only be resolved by a large controlled trial of treatment in persons identified by screening to have mild thyroid failure. Quality of life, response to treatment, and rates of adverse effects among these patients must be known before wider use of L-thyroxine is recommended. Patients who have a mildly elevated TSH level present a challenge to the physician. Concerns about the medicolegal or ethical consequences of failing to act on abnormal test results on the one hand and the uncertain benefit of targeted follow-up or treatment on the other may lead some physicians not to screen at all. There is no clear answer to this dilemma, but clinicians might consider a trial of therapy in selected, more symptomatic patients and a specified plan for follow-up in the remaining patients. Follow-up could be done by taking a history, performing a physical examination, and repeating thyroid function tests at regular intervals. How frequently this evaluation should be done has not been established. Follow-up every year or every 2 years is probably not necessary, because otherwise healthy persons who have a mildly elevated TSH level seldom progress within 2 years to the point of being identified by screening. On the basis of this observation, follow-up every 2 to 5 years may be adequate. 4. For screening to be cost-effective, the laboratory, clinic, or office should be equipped to identify patients who meet age and sex criteria for screening and to perform appropriate follow-up tests on the same serum sample without requiring a second phlebotomy. In particular, the clinic must follow patients who have overt but clinically unrecognized disease because these patients derive the most definite benefit from treatment. These patients, who have an elevated TSH level and a low free thyroxine level or an undetectable TSH level and an elevated free thyroxine level, can be identified by the laboratory, and special effort can be made to trace them for follow-up. A formal system to identify these patients and arrange for follow-up evaluation should be part of the screening program. Published reports describe carefully organized programs that have used efficient, reliable methods to identify candidates for screening and patients who require follow-up and treatment [3]. Inefficient or haphazard identification of candidates for screening and inappropriate or incomplete responses to a screening test can reduce the effectiveness of screening in actual practice. The results of published studies apply best to health systems that use an organized, systematic approach to identifying and following patients.


The effects of flexibility on the flight dynamics of aircrafts have been shown to be quite significant, especially as the frequencies of the elastic modes become lower and approach those of the rigid-body modes. In the paper, aerodynamic derivatives method is applied in acquiring unsteady aerodynamic forces and the generalized forces are presented. Based on the nonlinear equations of motion under the mean body-reference axes for an elastic aircraft, the flight dynamics model of a flexible missile is established. The new model combines a conventional flight mechanics model and an aeroelastic model successfully. Besides, a flight dynamics model considering the variability of fuel mass is built for trajectory simulation of flexible missiles by adopting stationary-basis method. A modularization simulation scheme is made in the paper and the trajectory simulations of flexible and rigid missiles under constant mass assumption, as well as the flexible missiles considering mass-changing are carried out. Finally, a homing loop was established and Monte Carlo method is conducted to analysis the influence of flexibility on hit precision. Simulation results show that rudder deflection of a flexible missile are significantly different from that of a rigid missile, and the hit accuracy of the flexible missile is less than that of the rigid one.


This articles gives some analysis and discussion about monitoring data from 1996 to 2000 of Nan River. It shows that water quality of Nan River is severely polluted. Some countermeasures are put forward.


This work shares Amber Chia's rise from a small town girl to a cosmopolitan supermodel, through hard work, determination, and timely investments. Amber Chia's recipe for success, in brief, is: just don't be lazy, be willing to learn, you will be able to make it if you are humble.


Background: High-fat-diets could induce obesity, also leading to increase inflammation and insulin resistance Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine weight gain, insulin sensitivity, and serum inflammatory biomarkers after feeding female rats different high-fat-diets for 6 weeks. Materials and Methods : Eight weeks Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly divided into three main dietary groups: rats were fed the high saturated fat diet group (HSFD; n=6), rats were fed the high monounsaturated fat diet group (HMUSFD; n=6) and rats were fed normal fat diet group (NFD) (n=6), for 6 weeks. Blood samples were collected; serum glucose, insulin, C- reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and leptin were analyzed. Results: Findings of this study demonstrated that no significant elevation in weight gain, FBG, insulin and HOMA-IR in rats that were fed HFDs as compared to rats that were fed NFD. Also, the inflammatory biomarkers that mentioned (IL-6, leptin and CRP) did not significantly affected by feeding rats HFDs as compared to rats that were fed NFD. Conclusion: High-fat-diets did not induce weight gain, insulin resistance and inflammation on female rats after short period of time.


Cholesterol crystals could be released from atheromas to the circulation under certain situations, resulting in embolic occlusions of blood vessels all over the body. The kidney is a frequent target organ, and the event is called atheroembolic renal disease. The patient might present an acute or subacute renal failure. No treatment has been definitely proven beneficial yet and the prognosis may be quite dismal. We reported a 76-year-old non-diabetic patient, with history of chronic kidney disease (serum creatinine 1.7 mg/dl as baseline) and hypertension, who developed an acute non-oliguric renal failure half a month after a cardiac catheterization and intervention for his coronary artery disease with non-ionic radiocontrast via the right femoral approach. The renal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of atheroembolic renal disease by revealing typical cholesterol clefts of atheromatous emboli in intrarenal arteries. Other laboratory results showed a peripheral eosinophilia and proteinuria (daily urine protein of 0.63 g). His serum creatinine returned to 2.7 mg/dl from 8.5 mg/dl 10 months later with supportive treatment only.


Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) are a promising technological alternative to conventional pn-junction solar cells, and therefore attract considerable scientific interest. Different attempts have been made to replace the liquid electrolyte by a solid state hole conducting organic or inorganic medium. This contribution compares electrical properties of three different types of DSSCs. First, we use the standard electrolyte device with an I/I3 redox couple solved in acetonitrile. Second, we investigate a solid state device with the organic hole conductor MEO-Spiro-TAD. The third type of device under examination is a DSSC that works with a polymer gel electrolyte. This contribution investigates those three types of solar cells by admittance spectroscopy. The low-frequency conductance Glf and capacitance Clf of the liquid electrolyte DSSC increase exponentially upon increasing bias voltage V (figure 1a). We attribute this exponential increase to a diffusion admittance resulting from injection and subsequent diffusion of electrons in the conduction band of the TiO2. From the two quantities, Clf and Glf, we calculate an RC time constant τCG = Clf/Glf which in case of conventional pn-junction solar cells would give the lifetime of electrons. The values for liquid electrolyte cells are in the range of τCG ≈ 100 ms at a voltage V close to the open circuit voltage Voc ≈ 0.75 V. The time constant τCG depends on the applied bias voltage and the level of illumination. The low-frequency capacitance Clf of the solid state DSSC decreases with increasing forward voltage and for V > 0.3 V becomes even negative. This inductive behavior originates from electrons injected from the SnO2 front electrode into the TiO2. These electrons modulate the number of holes in the hole conductor and thus reduce the resistance within the pores. The time delay between electron injection and the modulation of the hole concentration leads to the observed inductive behavior. The occurrence of negative capacitance values does not allow us to calculate an RC time constant comparable to the electrolyte device. The behavior of the gel electrolyte cell appears to be right between the other two types of DSSC. For voltages V < 0.75 V, we observe the same exponential increase in the capacitance Clf as in case of the liquid electrolyte cell. Also, τCG is of similar order of magnitude. For voltages V > Voc, i.e. for high electron injection densities, the gel electrolyte DSSC changes to inductive behavior. In the liquid electrolyte DSSC, we observe the effect of inductivity if we reduce the concentration of positive charged Li ions. The concentration ratio LiI:I2 is r = 10:1 in the standard electrolyte. Upon changing this ratio to r = 1:10, we find an inductive behavior for V > 0.4 V as shown in figure 1b. Thus, we are able to control the capacitive behavior of the device by controlling the charge density in the electrolyte. We determine τCG for the liquid electrolyte DSSCs with a LiI:I2 ratio of r = 1:10 and r = 1000:1. The time constant τCG increases with decreasing I2 concentration because of the decreasing availability of I3 recombination partners for the electrons. Thus, basically all features of the junction admittance of electrolyte DSSCs are controlled by the ion concentration in the electrolyte.


Synthetic aperture iechniqucs have not been widely used in sonar imaging duc to problcms with son:u platform motion, slow mapping iatc, ;ind lncdiuln instnhility. A time-varying medium or nonuniform son:bplntform trajectory will cause ph:ise errors in the soi i ;~ ' rct1111is th:lt dcgradc image quali(y. In :I sufficicntly stA>lc rnctfiuin and with motion compcnsntion. Ihc m:isiinurn possihlc unambiguous mapping rate o f ;I single rcccivcr systcln is approximatcly cqu:rl to one-fourth the propag;ition spccil i n [he medium tinics the width o f the tr:insiniltcr. Even :if this rate, the resulting synthetic :ipcrtiirc im:igcs suffer from specular noise. We present a multiple rcccivcr syslcm for synthetic apcilure sonar imaging nnd :I rohusl algorithm th:ll c:iil pcrfonn thc ncccsssry cstiinalion ml col-rcclion ol' motion emors and phasc errors ;ind c:in map ;it :I faster rate than ;i single receiver syslciri. The synlhclic apcilrirc imaging system consists of a lii~ti-rcsol~itioii s dcsc:in s y tcm which has been rnotlitictl to timiismit over :I n;u-row apei-rure, resulting i n a broader hcaiiiwidlh. which innkcs synthetic apcrture imlging possible. Thc ;rlgorithm u t i lizcs the acoustic returns at niulliplc receivers to foim ;I coin plex val ue d prcl i in i nary i m:igc for c:ic t i trans in i t h u I'S I. Each prclirninary i m q c is translated and rot:itcd relntivc to the previous one by an :tmount detcrmincd by the motion of the s o n x pkitforin. Pcilurlxitions o f thc sonar plntform velocity also C:IUSC i-an?c-tlcpcndcnt phxc errors hctween successive preliminary irnligcs. Translation nnd rotation arc estiimtcd Ihrouyh coi-rcl:ition Ixisctl tcchniqucs, then comectcd Ihrougli i m q c rcgistr:ifioii, The rcgislcrcd images are [hen aligned i n ph;isc h y applying :I rxigcdependent phasc correction. Fin:illy the registered pti:isc corrected imagcs x e coticrcntly superimposed to lorin ;I high-resolution synthetic apcrtirrc s o i w iiiwgc. t Chest cr laggin s i s wait t i Son nl ecli , I11 c.. S;in I n I3a I-IXIIII. ('n I i 10 iii i ;i 93111. The tcchniquc involved i n forming the complexv:ilucd preliminary iixigcs :ind the motion compensation :ind p h x c con'cction :ilgorithms will be presented. The rclnlivc tr:tdc-offs hclwccn coherent superposition to form high-resolution synlliclic :rpcrturc images with specular noise. ant1 magnitude siipcrposilion to foim multiple-look physical :ipcilur-c im:rgcs with less specular noise, will be discussed. We present results of cxperiinents at sea with the prolotypc syiiltictic :ipcrtiirc soii'x system.


The article introduced the related concepts about Web services and transactions.Then it analyzed the problems exi-sting in the Web services processing environment about the traditional transaction process protocol and the WS-T protocol family.At last,according to the analysis above,it summarized the way to solve the problem and proposed an adopting strategy in the Web service transaction process.


A recent ultraviolet snaphsot imaging survey of the nuclei of nearby galaxies detected a compact nuclear ultraviolet source in only five of the 26 LINERs (low-ionization nuclear emission-line regions) included in the observed sample. Motivated by this observational result, we examine the possibility that all LINERs are powered by photoionization from a nuclear source, which is, however, active only for 20% of the time. We show that decay times of low-ionization species can be of the order of one to a few centuries, and we demonstrate through time-dependent photoionization calculations that if the nuclear ionizing source is active for only a fraction of the time, this would not be readily noticeable in the emission-line spectrum. We suggest that the activity cycle is related to episodic accretion events which are associated with the tidal disruption of stars by a central black hole. The time interval between tidal disruptions is of the same order as the emission-line decay time, with the accretion episode following each disruption lasting a few decades. These estimates appear to support the duty cycle hypothesis. Some observational consequences of the proposed scenario are also discussed.


Hitoshi SUGIYAMA and Chiriki WATANABE A numerical nalysis has been performed for three-dimensional developing turbulent flow in a rotating U-bend of strong curvature with rib-roughened walls by using an algebraic Reynolds stress model. In this calculation, an algebraic Reynolds stress model is adopted in order to predict preciously Re nolds tresses and boundary fitted-coordinate system is introduced asthe method for coordinate transformation to set exact boundary conditions along complicated shape in rib-roughened walls. Calculated results ofmean velocity and Reynolds tresses are compared with the experimental data in order to examine the validity of the presented numerical method and an algebraic Reynolds tress model. It has been pointed out as a characteristic features from the experimental result that positive rotation leads to a more uniform velocity distribution w thin bend, whereas, the high momentum fluid remains closer to the inner side with negative rotation. The present method can relatively predict such velocity profiles and reproduce the separated flow generated near the outer wall which is just located at downstream of curved uct. Besides, calculated results suggest clearly that he flow pattern of secondary flow is greatly influenced by the rotational direction and the flow pattern with negative rotation is similar tothat without rotation. As for the comparison of Reynolds tresses, the present urbulent model relatively predicts he experimental data well except for the flow separated region which is located near the outlet cross ection f curved uct.


A three-dimensional Monte Carlo code for modelling radiation transport in Type Ia supernovae is described. In addition to tracking Monte Carlo quanta to follow the emission, scattering and deposition of radiative energy, a scheme involving volume-based Monte Carlo estimators is used to allow properties of the emergent radiation field to be extracted for specific viewing angles in a multidimensional structure. This eliminates the need to compute spectra or light curves by angular binning of emergent quanta. The code is applied to two test problems to illustrate consequences of multidimensional structure on the modelling of light curves. First, elliptical models are used to quantify how large-scale asphericity can introduce angular dependence to light curves. Secondly, a model which incorporates complex structural inhomogeneity, as predicted by modern explosion models, is used to investigate how such structure may affect light-curve properties.


The yield of potato with furrow planting could be increased by 11.1% and 15.9%, and the output values increased by 7.9% and 23.6% respectively compared with that by flat and ridge planting in newly built terraced field. With additional fertilizer of nitrogen, the yield and output value of potato increased by 20.3% and 15.7%. The experiment results also showed that additional application of moisture keeper could increase the yield by 31.2% and output value by 46.8% and MET(a plant growth regulator) could increase the yield by 29.7% and output value by 58.0%.


Removing femoral intramedullary nail for a healed femur fracture is regarded as a low-risk procedure with little publications about its complications. We reported a case of a femoral shaft fracture which occurred while we were trying to remove the ZMS Femoral intramedullary nail from a healed femoral shaft fracture. A 32 year-old woman with a healed right femoral shaft fracture asked for ZMS intramedullary nail removal. When we attempted to extract the nail 8 years after insertion, incarceration of distal end at the healed fracture level was encountered. Forceful extraction of the nail caused fracture of the femoral shaft near the old fracture site. The specific design of ZMS First generation nail includes four flutes on the nail shaft for enhancement of fixation stability. However those flutes did not continue down the entire length of the nail, which makes the distal end relatively bulky. When the distal bulky end encountered the fracture site during nail extraction, the endosteal bone incarcerated into the flutes cause difficulty in nail extraction and possible femoral shaft fracture. Orthopaedic surgeons should be aware of the possibility of an incarcerated nail when attempt to remove this design of nail and should inform the patient for the possibility of this complication preoperatively.


The Lab-on-a-Chip Application Development - Portable Test System, known as LOCAD-PTS, was launched to the International Space Station (ISS) aboard Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-116) on December 9th,2006. Since that time, it has remained onboard ISS and has been operated by the crew on 10 separate occasions LOCAD-PTS is a handheld device for rapid biochemical analysis; it consists of a spectrophotometer, a series of interchangeable cartridges, a pipette and several clean/sterilized swabbing kits to obtain samples from ISS surfaces. Sampling, quantitative analysis and data retrieval is performed onboard, therefore reducing the need to return samples to Earth. Less than 20 minutes are required from sampling to data, significantly faster than existing culture-based methods on ISS, which require 3-5 days. Different cartridges are available for the detection of different target molecules (simply by changing the formulation within each cartridge), thereby maximizing the benefit and applications addressed by a single instrument. Initial tests on ISS have focused on the detection of the bact.erial macromolecule endotoxin, a component of bacterial cell walls. LOCAD-PTS detects endotoxin with a cartridge that contains a formulation known as Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay. LAL is derived from blood of the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, and detects enodotoxin with an enzyme cascade that triggers generation Of a yellow colored dye, p-nitroanaline. The more p-nitroanaline product, the more endotoxin is in the original sample. To enable quantitative analysis, the absorbance of this color is measured by LOCAD-PTS through a 395 nm filter and compared with an internal calibration curve, to provide a reading on the LED display that ranges from 0.05 Endotoxin Units (EU)/ml to 5 EU/ml. Several surface sites were analyzed within ISS between March 2007 and February 2008, including multiple locations in the US Laboratory Destiny, Node 1 Unity, AMock, and Service Module Zvezda. The goals of this initial study were to i) test the cleanliness of reagents/supplies on orbit, ii) test the crew's ability to collect and process a sample in microgravity without contamination, iii) demonstrate nominal function of the LOCAD-PTS, and iv) provide a general survey of endotoxin within the ISS. The surface sites varied greatly in terms of their frequency-of-use and material texture/composition; from relatively smooth aluminum, to fabric, to the room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) rubber of a Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) spacesuit. Results showed that: i) the swabbing kits and reagents remained clean on orbit, ii) the crew could collect and process a sample without contamination, and iii) the LOCAD-PTS functioned nominally in > 99% of the 55 tests completed. We will present detailed results of the survey of endotoxin on ISS surfaces. These results and technology are important in the near-term - by providing an extra tool in the toolbox for ISS microbial monitoring. They are also important in the longer term as valuable preparation for human exploration of the Moon and Mars. One of the proposed science goals for the human exploration of Mars will be to detect and characterize any indigenous biological molecules that may exist on the Martian surface. To achieve that goal, the crew must have the technology available onboard to differentiate indigenous biology from any terrestrial biological material brought to Mars by the spacecraft and crew (termed 'forward contamination'). The LAL assay is already one of the official methods used by NASA's planetary protection program to certify cleanliness of interplanetary robotic spacecraft prior to launch; and therefore endotoxin is a good marker of forward contamination (as well as other microbial molecules detectable with LOCAD-PTS e.g. box-1, 3-glucan and lipoteichoic acid). Furthermore, the distribution and abundance of these molecules on the ISS provides a good indicator of what to expect on the Crew Exploratioehicle Orion, the lunar lander Antares, and future crewed spacecraft destined for Mars. In addition, technology such as LOCAD-PTS has been proposed to help evaluate forward contamination during lunar surface operations by the crew, as preparation for the human exploration of Mars.


16 17 We present the PoreFlow-Net, a 3D convolutional neural network architecture that provides fast 18 and accurate fluid flow predictions for 3D digital rock images. We trained our network to extract 19 spatial relationships between the porous medium morphology and the fluid velocity field. Our 20 workflow computes simple geometrical information from 3D binary images to train a deep neural 21 network (the PoreFlow-Net) optimized to generalize the problem of flow through porous materials. 22 Our results show that the extracted information is sufficient to obtain accurate flow field predictions 23 in less than a second, without performing expensive numerical simulations providing a speed-up 24 of several orders of magnitude. We also demonstrate that our model, trained with simple synthetic 25 geometries, is able to provide accurate results in real samples spanning granular rocks, 26 carbonates, and slightly consolidated media from a variety of subsurface formations, which 27 highlights the ability of the model to generalize the porous media flow problem. The workflow 28 presented here shows the successful application of a disruptive technology (physics-based 29 training of machine learning models) to the digital rock physics community. 30 31


At any stage of urban planning activities, it may be necessary to plan the territory. The territory planning project can be created on topographic plans of a scale of 1: 2000. Modern needs for cadastre maintenance, land management, and design of territories require high quality topographic material obtained in almost real time with high image resolution. This problem is effectively solved by aerial photography from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Airborne laser scanning allows you to survey difficult terrain and large areas. To clarify the position of some terrain objects, a GNSS survey in RTK mode was used. The combined survey method provides the necessary accuracy of surveying the situation and the terrain, the measurement accuracy corresponds to the possibility of creating engineering-topographic plans at a scale of 1: 2000. In the course of the work, engineering digital terrain models and orthophotomaps were formed. Based on the data obtained, a digital topographic plan of 1: 2000 scale was compiled.


We present the early science results from a blind search of the extragalactic H i 21 cm absorption lines at z (cid:54) 0 . 09 with the drift-scan observation of the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). We carried out the search using the data collected over 643.8h by the ongoing Commensal Radio Astronomy FasT Survey (CRAFTS), which spans a sky area of 3155deg 2 ( ∼ 81% of CRAFTS sky coverage up to January 2022) and covers 44827 radio sources with a flux density greater than 12 mJy. Due to the radio frequency interference (RFI), only the relatively clean data in the frequency range of 1.3–1.45 GHz are used in the present work. Under the assumption of T s / c f = 100 K, the total completeness-corrected comoving absorption path length spanned by our data and sensitive to Damped Lyman α Absorbers (DLAs; N H i (cid:62) 2 × 10 20 cm − 2 ) is ∆ X inv = 8 . 33 × 10 3 ( ∆ z inv = 7 . 81 × 10 3 ) for intervening absorption. For associated absorption, the corresponding value is ∆ X asc = 1 . 28 × 10 1 ( ∆ z asc = 1 . 19 × 10 1 ). At each time point of the drift scan, a matched-filtering approach is used to search H i absorbers. Combining the information of observation mode and the distribution of the beams that detect the same candidates, spurious absorbers are successfully excluded. Three known H i absorbers (UGC00613, 3C293, and 4C + 27.14) and two new H i absorbers (towards the direction of NVSSJ231240–052547 and NVSSJ053118 + 315412) are detected blindly. We fitted the H i profiles with multi-component Gaussian functions and calculated the redshift (0.063, 0.066), width, flux density, optical depth, and H i column densities for each absorption. Our results demonstrate the power of FAST in blindly searching H i absorbers. For absorption towards NVSSJ231240–052547, the optical counterparts are faint and currently lack existing spectra. The most likely interpretation is that a radio-loud active galactic nucleus (AGN) is faint in the optical as the background source, with a faint optical absorber in between. NVSSJ053118 + 315412 exhibits an associated absorption with a complex profile, which may suggest unsettled gas structures or gas accretion onto the supermassive black hole (SMBH). The expanding collection of blind radio detections in the ongoing CRAFTS survey o ff ers a valuable opportunity to study AGNs, associated interstellar medium (ISM) interaction, and intervening absorbers optically without overwhelming quasi-stellar object (QSO) background light.


The research in this research aims to find out: the influence of leadership principal and job stress teacher for performance improvement vocational high school teachers in lubuklinggau city. This study is a surve casual. Collecting data using questionnaires and documentation. Analysis technique used is a simple regression analysis and analysis of double regreasi. Based on the research results can be concluded as follows: (1) a significant principal leadership on teacher performance improvement; (2) Teacher job stress significant on teacher performance improvement; (3) leadership principal and teachers working stress significant effect on teacher performance improvement. Keyword: leadership, job stress, and performance.


SUBTITLE: IN THE DAYS LEADING UP TO THE NORTHWEST PILOTS' STRIKE, THE NEWS MEDIA REPEATEDLY REFERRED TO ALPA'S $60 MILLION WAR CHEST BACKING THE PILOTS' STRIKE EFFORTS: "THAT'S A POWERFUL MESSAGE, IT TELLS YOUR MEMBERS, AS WELL AS THE MANAGEMENT YOU ARE NEGOTIATING WITH, THAT THE ENTIRE ASSOCIATION IS BEHIND YOU."


Fermilab E866/NUSEA is a fixed-target experiment which has made a number of measurements of the production of vector mesons by 800 GeV protons. The nuclear dependence results include measurements for J/{psi}, {psi}{prime} and {phi} production over very broad ranges in {chi}{sub F} and p{sub T}, and the J/{psi} decay angular distribution at very large {chi}{sub F}. Preliminary results from measurements on Be, Fe and W targets are presented and discussed in the context of nuclear effects such as energy loss and multiple scattering of the partons, absorption of the produced c{bar c} pairs, and shadowing. Production mechanisms involving color-singlet or color-octet states for the c{bar c} pair which eventually forms a J/{psi} or {psi}{prime}, have implications on the strength of absorption in the nucleus and on the angular distribution of the decay muons. Their preliminary results on the angular distributions versus {chi}{sub F} and p{sub T} indicate some transverse polarization of the J/{psi} as predicted by models of production through the color octet state. The measurements of dimuons in the 1 to 3 GeV region explore the nuclear dependence of the {phi} meson and also the composition of the continuum between the {phi} and the J/{psi}. These studies of vector meson production and it`s nuclear dependence are critical in furthering the understanding of these processes towards future measurements at RHIC and new results from NA50 at CERN, where J/{psi} suppression is predicted to be an important signature of the creation of quark-gluon plasma in heavy-ion collisions.


Philosophical issues are at the core of leisure studies and have gained increasing attention. Unfamiliarity with contemporary discussions of philosophic activity, however, limits the effectiveness of teaching and study of these issues. Two contrasting approaches to philosophy, the Platonic and the historicist, are outlined here, along with their consequences for the philosophical analysis of leisure. Adopting the historicist approach, this essay suggests means by which students may become more fully engaged in exploring the philosophical aspects of leisure. Biographical Information J. L Hemingway is Assistant Professor and Graduate Coordinator in the Recreation and Leisure Studies Program at Washington State University. He received his doctorate in political science, specializing in political philosophy, from the University of Iowa, where he also received a master's degree in recreation. The author may be contacted at the Recreation and Leisure Studies Program, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-1410. The philosophic analysis of leisure raises fundamental questions, ranging from the interpretation of classic texts through the role of freedom in leisure to the provision of services to various publics. Such questions require treatment not only in professional journals and meetings, but in the classroom as well. Accreditation standards for recreation and leisure study curricula call for study of the philosophical foundations of leisure. This can, and should,. recur throughout the curriculum, particularly in light of the national debate on curriculum reform and content (see, e.g., Boyer, 1987, esp. ch. 7: Wilshire, 1990). Nowhere are these questions more pressing than in students' attempts to answer questions about the human meaning and value of leisure. Such meaning has ethical, political, civic. and aesthetic dimensions; the very advocacy of leisure has distinctly valuational tones. accentuated by the dominance of work and economically grounded values in our society. A philosophical thread can thus be seen to run through leisure studies, for questions of the types suggested above are most, and perhaps only, approachable through philosophic inquiry. Few of us in leisure studies have, however, been trained in philosophical thinking. This is not where the field finds its roots currently, despite regular appeals to the ancient philosophic heritage of the concepts of leisure. play, and recreation. Difficulties can thus arise when we confront philosophic questions or attempt to bring our students to some understanding of the philosophic implications of leisure in contempo


A two pendulums driven spherical robot is designed for pipe inspection tasks in this paper and a circular trajectory motion control method is proposed. Compared with the traditional pendulum driven spherical robot, the improved two pendulums drive unit offers novel motion principle of circular trajectory motion which is studied by force analysis. Considering the motion characters, the circular trajectory motion is decomposed into forward roll and lateral roll, and the dynamics model is built based on the theorem of moment of momentum. In order to acquire the controllable velocity and radius of circular trajectory motion, a circular trajectory motion control strategy is proposed, by which the motion of one pendulum is planned according to the sine function to control the angle between the outer shell of the robot and the ground, and the motion of the other pendulum is controlled by position servo control to maintain the forward velocity of the robot. The controller of circular trajectory motion is designed for accurate tracking of the tile angle of the two pendulums, and the control strategy is validated by both numerical simulation and prototype experiment.


Objective To separate and identify neural stem cells from human fetal cerebral cortex of 36 weeks.Methods Human fetal cerebral cortex at 36 weeks of embryonic age by induction of labor with water bag was collected and the cells were cultured with serum-free medium and single cell clone technique,then the cultured,passed and differentiated cells from a clone were observed.The cultured and differentiated cells were identified with immunocytochemistry staining or immunofluorescence test.Results The human neural stem cells having the abilities of self-renewal and multipotency were successfully isolated and cultured from human fetal cerebral cortex at 36 weeks of embryonic age with serum-free medium.They formed typical neuraospheres in suspension.The cells could be cloned and passed continuously,expressing Nestin antigen.Serum medium induced neural stem cells to differentiate and express specific antigens of neuron and astrocyte.Conclusions The results suggest that neural stem cells at 36 weeks of embryonic age from human fetal cerebral cortex remain the abilities which are to be cultured in vitro,self-renewal and multipotency.


Background: Flexible scope intubation is an important airway management skill that requires hands-on training in a real airway. We compared flexible scope intubation by trainees between patients in the left lateral and supine positions.Methods: Forty patients aged 20 to 80 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I to III were scheduled for elective surgery under general endotracheal anesthesia in Ramathibodi Hospital from February 2020 to June 2020. Patients were randomly assigned to be intubated in one of two positions: supine (group S) or left lateral (group L). Trainees performed flexible scope intubation in sedated patients under the supervision of an attending anesthesiologist. Intubation success, time to successful intubation, number of attempts, airway adjustment maneuvers, and hemodynamic changes were compared between groups.Results: Patient characteristics did not differ between groups except for Mallampati airway classification. The rate of successful intubation on the first attempt and intubation time did not significantly differ between groups. The proportion of patients who required a jaw thrust during intubation was significantly lower in group L (10.5% vs. 85%; P <0.01). Blood pressure and oxygen saturation declined in both groups after intubation. Relative risk of desaturation in the left lateral position compared with the supine position was 0.44 (0.1649–1.1978). Conclusion: The rate of successful flexible scope intubation on the first attempt and intubation time did not differ between both groups. The proportion of patients who required a jaw thrust maneuver was significantly lower in patients in the left lateral position. Trial registration: https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/ (TCTR20200208001) on 08/02/2020.


Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis is a common bacterial resident of the human skin microbiome, among other environments. D. nishinomiyaensis strain TSA37 was isolated from the ash pan of a residential wood pellet stove. A genome assembly of 3,130,592 bp was generated, with an N50 value of 197,547 bp and a calculated G+C content of 69.01%. ABSTRACT Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis is a common bacterial resident of the human skin microbiome, among other environments. D. nishinomiyaensis strain TSA37 was isolated from the ash pan of a residential wood pellet stove. A genome assembly of 3,130,592 bp was generated, with an N50 value of 197,547 bp and a calculated G+C content of 69.01%.


ABSTRACT During user–product interactions, all sensory modalities are open to receive information. Therefore, sensory impressions obtained through hearing, seeing, touching, tasting and smelling may all contribute to the user's product experience. This paper gives an overview of tools that can help designers to determine and obtain the desired forms of sensory stimulation for their designs. We discuss these tools along four topics: sensitizing designers, sampling objects with sensory qualities, making and using sensory building blocks, and communicating with others. For each topic and each modality, multiple tools are discussed that can all contribute to a multi-sensory design approach. Using this approach provides designers with ideas for new product functionalities and new ways to provide sensory feedback during user–product interaction. In addition, it improves coherence in the experiences that their designs evoke.


Microqrganisms (Yeast, Escherichia coli, Pseudomanas aeruginosa) were added in blood anti-coagulatedby citric sodium and incubated at 37℃ for 30min. The innate immune reactivity of the red blood corpuscles to yeast was significantly higher than that of white blood cells (P<0.01). The agglutinate type of red cell innate immune reaction to Escherichia coli was completely interdicted by EDTA, but that was not. The results showed that in fresh blood, there were many types of quick innate immune reaction, in which red cells played important roles.


The target of full employment depends upon the goals regarding labour force participation rates, the length of the workweek and the frictional unemployment. Although nearly all social groups agree that stronger economic growth would contribute most towards solving the unemployment problem, the prospects for a return to the conditions prevailing before 1973 are poor. I argue that a general saturation, demographic developments and environmental problems may cause bottlenecks for economic growth. Important changes in the labour supply and in the sectoral distribution of employment are taking place away from the full-time, full year concept. Also advances in information technology make it imperative to reexamine the old concept of full employment. A new full-employment concept is proposed including a legal right to a basic amount of employment, i.e. at least part-time employment, combined with a right to a (partial) basic income. It is argued that this new fullemployment concept not only is economically efficient, it also is


Microphytic crusts form at the soil surface in arid and semiarid rangelands. They bind soil particles together and purportedly influence hydrologic and stability responses to rainfall. We tested this influence in a designed rainfall simulation experiment conducted on a sandy loam site in Capitol Reef National Park, Utah, that had been protected from livestock and human traffic for two to three years. Treatments consisted of microphytic crust conditions: 1) living and undisturbed (control); 2) chemically killed to determine structural influence (chemically killed), and mechanically removed from the soil surface (scalped) to approximate conditions of absence. Microphytic crusts in control and chemically killed treatments significantly reduced (a = 0.05) time to ponding and time to runoff, apparently due to structural and textural differences at the soil/air interface. Interrill erosion was greatest in the chemically killed treatment and lowest in the control treatment. Interrill erosion in the scalped treatment was significantly greater than in the control treatment at 45 and 90 min. Microphytic crusts did not significantly influence the infiltration capacity. We attribute these responses to textural differences and structural support contributed to the soil by the microphytes. In the control treatment, living microphytes' greatest contribution was to the stabilization of fine soil particles at the soil surface. Microphytic crusts' ability to contribute to soil stability should be considered in development of management plans.


The utility model relates to a solar energy heat collector. The utility model is characterized in that the utility model is composed of a heat collecting plate (1) and a reflecting mirror (3) which is arranged at the back of the light receiving surface of the heat collecting plate, the distance L between the reflecting mirror and the heat collecting plate is 0 to 1.5 H, and the installing angle a of the reflecting mirror is 45 DEG to 75 DEG. Because the utility model is additionally provided with the reflecting mirror, the reflective mirror reflects received solar light to the non light receiving surface of the heat collecting plate, and the non light receiving surface can receive the solar energy; therefore, the heating area of the heat collecting plate can be effectively improved, thermal efficiency is enhanced, and the ratio of the performance and the price of a product is enhanced. The utility model is especially suitable for vacuum tube type heat collectors.


Solutions of phenol, o-cresol, p-cresol, 2,3-xylcnol, 3,4-xylenol, resorcinol, and catechol at concentrations below I g/L were oxidized at constant current on a packed bed lead dioxide electrode with electrolyte recirculation. The effects of applied current and initial concentration on the extent of oxidation with time were explored. The observed ranking in ease of oxidation was phenol > 2,3-xylenol > resorcinol > p-cresol > 3,4-xylenol > o-cresol. Although the phenolics were largely destroyed, organic degradation products of the quinone and hydroquinone type remained in solution. A mixture of five monohydric phenols showed 96% destruction of phenolics, a 50% reduction in B.O.D. but a reduction in total organic carbon of only 22%.


This paper proposes a new model for evaluating IP networks' synthetical performance.Combined with the concept of network health and router health,the model gives a collective evaluation on the network,which provides a different view of the network performance.Based on the model,a tool "NHES" is built to test the China Mobile CNGI Experimenting Network.Experimental results show that the model can evaluate the network performance effectively.


The paper deals with Zhao Rui's family life, his political and historical opinion, and his works: "Scripture of Long and Short" and "Annotate to Guan Langyi's Biography". Zhao Rui was both a progressive ideologist and distinguished representative of Shu Culture, with Poet Li Bai as his student. His idea adapted virtue from all quarters and contained comprehensiveness and rebellion.


Storr (1973) gives the range of the Lovely Wren Malurus amabilis as Cape York and South to the Herbert River. McGill (1970) gives the distribution as Cape York Peninsula extending further down the east coast to near Townsville. A more precise locality record near Townsville may be of interest.


There is a consensus that Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated naturally from Bat coronaviruses (CoVs), in particular RaTG13. However, the SARS-CoV-2 host tropism/adaptation pattern has significant discrepancies compared to other CoVs, raising questions concerning the proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Aminophylline Suppositories B.P. have been reported to be unstable (Pryce-Jones, Watt and Kraisintu 1979) and changes in the physical properties and dissolution rate attributed to the reaction of the ethylenediamine counter ion with the fatty acid triglyceride bases (Cieszynski 1975). However, it has been stated more recently that this reaction, which may result in the formation of fatty acid amides, only occurs on accelerated storage testing at above 8OoC and that the fate of the ethylenediamine on storage at ambient temperatures is not known (Heers 1980). To investigate this latter statement further, a routine method of quantifying ethylenediamine in individual suppositories or sections thereof, is required.


Background/Purpose: Deterioration of body composition with advancing age is related to functional decline. This study examined the effects of a novel progressive exercise training program on body composition in individuals > 70 y, at risk of losing functional independence. Methods: Fifty participants (33 females, 75 ± 4.5 y) performed 45-60 min sessions, 3 times per week, for a total of 12 weeks. Training consisted of 2 distinct phases. For Phase I (First 4 weeks) participants were randomized to aerobic training consisting of walking or cycling at 50% of heart rate reserve, or PRIME (Peripheral Remodeling through Intermittent Muscular Exercise) designed to stimulate the major muscle groups (8 targeted exercises) at 40%-50% of maximal voluntary capacity, for a duration of 3-6 min, or 45 to 90 contractions. Phase I was followed by 8 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance training using established exercise guidelines (phase II). Body composition (Fat Free Mass, Fat Mass, body fat %, Skeletal Muscle Index, bone mineral content and density) were measured using Dual X-ray Absorptiometry, before (V1), and after Phase I (V2) and II (V3). Results: Compared to V1, V3 values for Body Fat% (p = 0.005) decreased, and Fat Free Mass (p = 0.03) and Skeletal Muscle Index (p = 0.05) increased, in both groups. Changes Changes in Bone Mineral Content and Bone Mineral Density were significantly greater for PRIME compared to the aerobically trained group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Both groups improved body fat percentage, increased SMI, and BMC and BMD, in specific sites measured. Uniquely, participants whom initiated training with PRIME experienced greater improvements in BMC and BMD. These data support a paradigm shift in the order of exercise training, for older adults at risk of losing independence, with initial emphasis on a moderate to high intensity localized exercise stimulus, rather than moderate to high intensity systemic exercise.


Background: Persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) are disproportionately burdened by depression compared to the general population. While several factors associated with depression and depression severity in PwMS have been identified, a prediction model for depression risk has not been developed. In addition, it is unknown if depression-related genetic variants, including Apolipoprotein E (APOE), would be informative for predicting depression in PwMS. Objective: To develop a depression prediction model for PwMS who did not have a history of depression prior MS onset. Methods: The study population included 917 non-Hispanic white PwMS. An optimized multivariable Cox proportional hazards model for time to depression was generated using non-genetic variables, to which APOE and a depression-related genetic risk score were included. Results: Having a mother who had a history of depression, having obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity and other physical disorders at MS onset, and affect-related symptoms at MS onset predicted depression risk (hazards ratios (HRs): 1.6–2.3). Genetic variables improved the prediction model's performance. APOE ε4/ε4 and ε2/x conferred increased (HR = 2.5, p = 0.026) and decreased (HR = 0.65, p = 0.046) depression risk, respectively. Conclusion: We present a prediction model aligned with The Precision Medicine Initiative, which integrates genetic and non-genetic predictors to inform depression risk stratification after MS onset.


Raising a Christian leader-coach as an ultimate goal, this study is the first stage of research to develop an integrated Bible-based leadership-coaching model. Raising a Christian leader-coach as an ultimate goal, this study is the first stage of a three-part study to develop an integrated Bible-based leadership-coaching model. Along with the literature review, we first conducted three different group education sessions and focus group interviews with experts and then we carried out the expert content validity of the model. That is, we computed the average score using a 4-point Likert-type scale and content feedback. The experts participating in the expert review are university professors currently writing a PhD thesis on the subject of leadership and coaching, and they are professional coaches who are holding the KAC, KPC, KSC and MCC certificate. After the validity of the model was thoroughly reviewed and approved by the participating experts, the developed model has been named the "GOD 4N Leadership-Coaching Model" where "GOD" stands for God. "Holiness" (Leviticus 11:45) is the core value that this model is pursuing. The GOD 4N leadership-coaching program has two models, conceptual model and practical model. GOD, the conceptual model, is composed of three sub-models, each of which takes the initial letter of "God Father", "Only Jesus", "Dream of Holy Spirit", respectively, and thus G-O-D. Based on the three conceptual models, each model is then further divided into four practical models whose names all start with the letter N, which is G-4N, O-4N, and D-4N. Specifically, G-4N consists of New Life, New Frame, New Practice, and New Attitude, O-4N consists of No Bible, No Bread, No Bed, No Breath, and finally D-4N is composed of Never-ending Coach-Leader, Never-ending Cheerer, Never-ending Comforter, and Never-ending Counselor. The way to become holy is to live a new life everyday based on the Bible and the GOD 4N leadership-coaching model as a guideline. The second stage of this study will be to develop a program that utilizes the GOD 4N leadership-coaching model and to analyze its effect. The names of the programs that will be developed based on this model will be , , and , and all will be approached with 'The Word Coaching' methods.


In the Russian Federation, the issue of improving the cadastral system is currently more relevant than ever. This is determined by the complication of the procedure for designing and building the cadastral real estate objects. Modern architecture is becoming more complex and diverse year-by-year. The configuration of the construction facilities is becoming more increasingly complex, and these days, they can be built not only on the ground surface but also above or under the ground. In practice, such design solutions lead to uncertainty and ambiguity of their routine cadastral registration, and these objects are registered according to their two-dimensional projection on the ground. Currently, almost all design agencies use 3D simulation in solving issues related to the design, construction, and sale of both industrial or agricultural facilities and residential or office buildings and apartments. Leading Krasnodar enterprises engaged in the design of various real estate objects use three-dimensional models in providing customers with the complete scope of work. The paper authors reveal the basic concepts of a three-dimensional cadastre in a modern system of engineering, design, construction, and architecture. The prerequisites for switching to the 3D cadastre have been considered, the cadastral registration aspects specified, and the issues concerning three-dimensional representation and processing 3D real estate data discussed. The main 3D data representation models are listed.


With the notable exceptions that tensors of order 2, that is, matrices always have best approximations of arbitrary low ranks and that tensors of any order always have the best rank-one approximation, it is known that high-order tensors can fail to have best low rank approximations. When the condition of orthogonality is imposed, even at the most general case that only one pair of components in the decomposed rank-one tensors are required to be perpendicular, the situation is changed completely — orthogonal low rank approximations always exist. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the best rank-two approximation subject to orthogonality. The conventional high-order power method is modified to address the orthogonality and a rigorous analysis of convergence is provided in this paper.


The dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy is of fundamental importance to the simulation of turbulent dynamics using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) (Meneveau and Katz 2000). Dissipation can be used in a diagnostic sense for model calibration (Lilly 1967), and to find model coefficients in a LES simulation through dissipation matching as in Porté-Agel et al. (2001). Thus, it is important to understanding the resulting dissipation from a particular subgrid-scale (SGS) model formulation. Recent a priori studies exploiting the relative eigenvector alignment between the SGS stress,


Report from the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) 2014:15. Benefit-risk assessment of fish and fish products in the Norwegian diet – an update. Source at https://www.vkm.no/.


To study the effect of land consolidation on farmland ecological value, the Hu-Wan science-technology demonstration garden of modern tobacco agriculture, which located at a small village of South An Hui province, was selected as an example to study the ecological benefit before and after the land consolidation using the method of substitution and market pricing. The results showed that the values of gas regulation, nutrient cycling and water conservation before the land consolidation were 584,600 yuan, 152,000 yuan and 3,500 yuan respectively, the highest value was gas regulation value, and the minimum was water conservation value. After the land consolidation, the three ecological values were all increased, and the nutrient cycling value increased by 62,300 yuan, which was the highest increase; the value-added rate of water conservation value was the highest with nearly 12.5 times. The arable land ecological value increased by 139,400 yuan and the value-added rate was 18.86%. So, the ecological benefit of land consolidation of the science-technology demonstration garden of modern tobacco agriculture on village scale was prominent. And this result will be an important guidance to the effective utilization of tobacco land and the subsequent land consolidation practice in the future.


In online EFL speaking course, the teaching and learning activity in the classroom held through the Web 2.0 technologies. Since COVID-19 was announced as national pandemic, all the teaching and learning activities need to be held through online platforms. This also includes the task given to the students, and the assessment done by the teachers. Teachers need to assess students' speaking skill through online platform, namely YouTube. Students uploaded their self-recorded video (SRV) to YouTube, then the teacher assess their speaking skill through the video. In this research, two video samples were purposively selected to be observed using The Public Speaking Competence Rubric (PSCR) by three teachers as the participants, individually. The goal of this study is to discover and compare the results of the assessment from the three participants, and to explore their experience during the assessment process. From this study, it is apparent that although editing is allowed and the speech is partly scripted, students' speaking skill can still be assessed from their speaking manners. The score given by three participants were different from one to another. The PSCR rubric was helpful and considered appropriate to be used in EFL context. However, the basic items needed to assess students' speaking skill is missing in this rubric since this rubric was developed for the native speakers.


We consider a known system that operates in an unknown environment, which is discovered by sensing and affects the known system through constraints. However, sensing quality is typically dependent on system operation. Thus, the control decisions should account for both the impact of control on sensing and the impact of sensing on control. Since the information acquired from sensing is of statistical nature, we develop a perception-aware chance-constrained model predictive control (PAC-MPC) strategy that leverages uncertainty propagation models to relate control and sensing decisions to the environment knowledge. We propose conditions for recursive feasibility and provide an overview of the stability properties in such a statistical framework. The performance of the proposed PAC-MPC is demonstrated on a case study inspired by an automated driving application.


A numerical investigation is conducted to study the effect of cyclic wall temperature on the melting and solidification of steel in a rectangular enclosure. The formulation is based on the fixed-grid enthalpy method and the SIMPLE algorithm. It was found that the low-carbon steel shows a superior thermal behavior. In the steady-periodic situation the period of oscillations of the liquid curves and that of the wall temperature are equal, but the liquid curves are lagging in phase. This study also revealed the main flow features of the cyclic phase-change processes with and without the mushy region.


The circulatory system of the large intestine of 27 pigs was examined by means of corrosion anatomy (vascular casts), histology and electron microscopy. The results were as follows:


The blending of LARC-TPI polyimide with the thermotropic liquid crystal polymer designated Xydar and with four different oligomeric imide materials has facilitated the resulting resin systems' processing into films while enhancing their mechanical properties and lowering their coefficient of thermal expansion to virtually zero. Two film-formation processes have been evaluated: (1) the casting of polyamic acid films followed by thermal imidization and biaxial stretching, and (2) the blown-film melt-extrusion of fully imidized LARC-TPI polymer. The best results have been obtained through the use of Xydar as a processing aid at levels in the 10-30 percent range.


ABSTRACT A method for the synthesis of captodative sulfanyl enals, enones and enoates via nucleophilic vinylic substitution of corresponding halogen-bearing derivatives has been developed. The one-pot treatment of the haloenoates, haloenones or haloenals with thiols in the presence of organic base leads either to vicinal dithiosubstituted carbonyl-bearing compound or captodative systems with good to excellent yield. The major reaction direction strongly depends on the type of base used. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Recent work shows that inefficient outcomes fail to be evolutionary stable in games with pre-play communication. However, this result depends upon dríft, and inefficient outcomes may well persist for long periods of time. This paper perturbs the model of cheap-talk, and deríves efficiency results which do not rely upon drift. We consider two types of perturbation. If players make mistakes in choosing messages, as in Selten (1975), we obtain efficiency in 2x2 games. Our second perturbation íntroduces noise ín the transmission of messages, so that the message received can be different from the message sent, without the sender beíng aware of this. In this case we obtaln a powerful efficiency result for generic games. Since noise restrícts drift, this also allows us to derive existence results which are stronger than in the existing literature.


The Govan group of carved stones contains a number of standing crosses and cross-slabs; no other site in Strathclyde of this period has so many.(1) The finest of these is known as the 'Jordanhill' Cross, because it spent some time in the grounds of Jordanhill House during the last century.


The present study aimed to evaluate the survival rate of extremely  preterm  infant (<28 weeks), predictive factors, and the risk of mortality in three training hospitals of Tehran city to make better decisions to improve public health and reduce neonatal mortality. This prospective, cohort study was conducted during 2014 to 2015. Infants with the gestational age ≤28 weeks were enrolled. Their information was collected by using data collection forms and clinical risk index for infants. Infants were followed up until one month after the birth, and their outcomes were determined. Chi -square test was used for survival analysis. Binary Logistic regression was also applied to find out the factors associated with infants' survival. Among the 325 followed up infants, 166 (51%) were intra-uterine fetal death (IUFD), and 159 (49%) remained alive after birth. The infants' overall survival rate was 62 (39%) within one month after birth. Multivariate  Logistic regression analysis indicated that three factors of birth weight, gestational age (GA), and fifth minute Apgar score had a negative  significant relationship with the survival rate of infants ( P <0.05). Receiving corticosteroid and female neonatal can had a positive significant relationship with the survival rate of infants ( P <0.05). The survival rate of preterm infants was 39%. Younger maternal age, lower neonatal birth weight, and GA can increase the risk of neonatal mortality. Also, receiving corticosteroid and female gender of neonate can decrease the risk of neonatal mortality. These items were important that affected infants' survival and could be considered in predicting it in neonatal intensive care units.


Flipping behavior under threat Could it be that the brain in a state of emergency or under intense threat operates in a fundamentally different way? Seo et al. found that mice paused when serotonin neurons were transiently stimulated in low- or medium-threat environments, but when this same neural population was stimulated in high-threat environments, mice tried to escape. Recordings from these neurons indicated that movement-related neural tuning flipped between environments. Neural activity decreased when movement was initiated in low-threat environments but increased in high-threat environments. Science, this issue p. 538 When mice sense serious danger, serotonin neurons switch their activity from movement suppression to movement facilitation. Survival depends on the selection of behaviors adaptive for the current environment. For example, a mouse should run from a rapidly looming hawk but should freeze if the hawk is coasting across the sky. Although serotonin has been implicated in adaptive behavior, environmental regulation of its functional role remains poorly understood. In mice, we found that stimulation of dorsal raphe serotonin neurons suppressed movement in low- and moderate-threat environments but induced escape behavior in high-threat environments, and that movement-related dorsal raphe serotonin neural dynamics inverted in high-threat environments. Stimulation of dorsal raphe γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons promoted movement in negative but not positive environments, and movement-related GABA neural dynamics inverted between positive and negative environments. Thus, dorsal raphe circuits switch between distinct operational modes to promote environment-specific adaptive behaviors.


The research aim to know the factors afected of rice sale delay rice farmers in Segoroyoso Village, District of pleret, Bantul Regancy. The research method used survey. The reseacrh location is determined by purposive method and intake of responder in sesus. Primary data were collected by interviewing with rice farmers in Segoroyoso village in December 2006. The data were analyzed by multiple linier regression model. The research result show that the factors affected of sale delay is area of the field, the others income and household consumption. Keywords: rice, sale delay


In China, renewable energy power plant will be built from the year 2016 to 2020, because of CO2 emission assignment and energy company demand. A geothermal power plant will be designed in Sichuan province. The wet temperature 15°C is selected for cooling temperature. Thermoeconomics of geothermal power system are analyzed using the Engineering Equation Solver. The results show that the capacity of binary power system is 3506  kW and optimum vaporizing pressure is 28 bar, the thermal and exergy efficiency is 13% and 45%.; The turbine shaft work of flash power system is 2301 kW and the parasitic load is 71kW, the optimum flash pressures is 0.95 bar, the thermal and exergy efficiency is 7.9% and 34.7%. the total capital investment of binary system is about 9,767,000 US$, the average annual profit is 1,308,000 $/year; the average rate of return is 13.39%; the payback period is less than 6 years; Condenser destruction and loss exergy is more than other components in the power system. The geothermal power production cost is 0.04 US$/kWh in Sichuan province.


Sousa chinensis( Osbeck,1765) is a species of Sousa genus,which is found in the South China Sea,the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. Some scientists have done much systematic study on skull and body external morphology. To deeply study the skeleton of Sousa chinensis,in this paper,a Sousa chinensis sample from Guangdong Pearl River Estuary Chinese White Dolphin National Nature Reserve was anatomized,and a set of skeleton sample was obtained,w hich was measured overall. The order is anatomytaking bone-cooked-skim with alcohol-skim with gasoline-string together. The results show ed that the maximum height,the maximum width and the maximum thickness scales of V type skeleton of Sousa chinensis became larger gradually first,then became smaller gradually,and the significantly quadratic function( R2= 0. 864 1) was found betw een the weight and length of lumbar spine. The significantly pow er functions( R2= 0. 964 6,R2= 0. 912 8) were found betw een the weight and height and betw een the weight and length of caudal vertebra. The significantly exponential function( R2= 0. 970 9) was found betw een the weight and width of caudal vertebra. The quadratic function could be well used to fit the correlation betw een the weight and maximum height of the V type bone( R2= 0. 754 6). The left rib and right rib were symmetrical.


Embracing the era of higher operating frequencies, expanding functionality, and increased integration scale, modern circuit design relies more and more on the accurate prediction of the electromagnetic (EM) effects resulting from undesired radiation and mutual coupling of digital electronic devices. In this paper, an electromagnetic-physics-based simulation method is proposed, to simulate semiconductor devices and circuits. It utilizes physics-based simulation to analyze semiconductor devices in a circuit and incorporates this physics-based simulation into electromagnetic simulation (e.g., the finite difference time domain (FDTD)), to simulate a circuit at high frequency. To validate the proposed method, sample numerical results on circuits containing a commercial p-i-n diode with model number mot_bal99lt1 at radio frequency (RF) were obtained and compared with measurement data. The comparison showed a good agreement between the two sets of data, which validated the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, the proposed method can provide a useful physical mechanism for understanding effects on semiconductor devices and circuits.


Background: Psyllium is widely used in the symptomatic therapy of constipation. Its effects on colonic function and their correlation with symptomatic response have not been defined.


The experience of operating enterprises over recent years has attested to the fact that in Ukraine an increasing attention is paid to the questions of using trenchless technologies, known in the world as NO-DIG or TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGIES. In this connection, it is necessary to highlight the restoration of the water utilities networks by the «Berstlining» method, which provides carrying out earthworks with a minimum volume and impact on the surrounding massif. On the basis of field research at the objects of restorations of water utilities networks, we generalized technical and organizational-technological peculiarities of conducting the work by the «Berstlining» method. With the aid of the method of expert estimations, we defined the factors that influence the effectiveness of conducting repair work. Using the method of ranking of the revealed factors, the most significant of them are determined, such as: physical-mechanical conditions of the soil, technical condition of the existing pipeline, the longitudinal profile of the section for restoration. Results of the studies attest to the fact that the detailed research into these factors will make it possible to improve the technical and economic indices of reconstruction works, which is a key aspect under conditions of limited financing of the enterprises of water utilities in Ukraine.


20572 Background: Diagnosis of advanced NSCLC is associated with significant morbidity in the elderly. Complications of the cancer and/ or its therapy can lead to frequent ERV and IH. High rates of ERV and IH can negatively impact medical center resources. In addition to comorbidities, number of medications especially the Beers criteria medications may predict those at highest risk for ERV and IH. Methods: We carried out a retrospective study at Syracuse VA utilizing logistic regression models to determine statistically significant variables associated with ERV and IH. After IRB approval, patients (> 65 y) with AJCC stage 3/4 NSCLC were identified from 2000 to 2006. Data gathered included: demographics, stage, performance status (PS), use of chemotherapy (CT)/radiation (RT), chronic kidney disease stage, comorbidities using Charlson's weighted index (CCI) and total comorbidities (TCM), total number of prescription medications (MEDS), medications based on Beer's criteria. Results: We identified 151 patient...


Renal dysfunction occurs commonly after heart transplantation (HTx) with wide inter‐individual variability but whether a genetic predisposition exists in these patients is unknown. Genomewide association studies (GWAS) have not been performed to assess the association of genetic variation with change in renal function after HTx.


Through comparative experiment investigation on static and dynamic test of driven cast-in-place piles the suggestion value of damping coefficient (jc) when using high strain (Case) method to measure the bearing capacity of driven cast-in-place pile is proposed. Meanwhile, the matters needing attention in dynamic measurements are discussed.


Implemented theoretical and experimental evaluation studies and analysis of some possible processes involving mobile substance and heat pumps, in which at least part of the mobile substance is brought into thermal contact with the heat-absorbing and heat-releasing heat exchange parts of at least two heat pumps, in particular, for the case of condensation of water vapor from moving air and/or evaporation of water into moving air. Some possibilities of improving the energy efficiency of these processes are considered. A brief description of these studies, as well as a description of some features and examples of possible applications of these processes are given.


Objective To study gene vaccine expressing human SART 3 (The squamous-cell carcinoma antigen rec- ognized by T cells-3) in vaccination therapies of tumor-bearing mice.Methods Mouse tumor cells expressing human SART 3 gene (LM8-SART3) was constructed and inoculated to C3H mouse subcutaneously.The growth of tumor cells be- tween immuned group and control group was compared in vivo;cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) activity was measured by MTT method;pathological section was compared under microscope.Results After injection,tumor growth speed in vivo reduced;CTL reaction of mouse splenocytes emerged;tumor cell necrosis and lymphocyte infiltration were found under mi- croscope.Conclusion Gene vaccine expressing human SART 3 elicited immune lethal effect in tumor-bearing mice,the growth of LM 8-SART 3 cells was inhibited,that may provide a new way in tumor healing.


I. There were two business meetings of the Asociaaion: (1) On Friday morning, Oct. 29, President Victoria E. Urbano met with the following members: Pat H. Smith, Carlotta O'Neill, Gabriela Matheus, Alicia Aldaya, Marie Panico, and Eva Rudat. The main topics of discussion were activities to raise funds for our organization's publishing projects, campaigns for public relations and publicity, and the on-going work, including publication, of the anthologies.


This paper presents an application of the reliabili ty centered maintenance methodology (RCM) in 115 kV transmission lines. Spe cifically an application example where the information and decision strategi es for this subsystem are obtained.


AT THE GRS-S Awards Luncheon held during the 1983 International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS '83), GRS-S President Dr. Keith R. Carver presented the following GRS Society Awards: Distinguished Achievement Award — Dr. Fawwaz T. K. Ulaby K. Tomiyasu, Chairman. GRS-S Awards Committee, is with the General Electric Company. Valley Forge Space Center. Philadelphia, PA 19101. Dr. Ulaby received the University of Kansas Gould Award for distinguished service to higher education in 1973, the Eta Kappa Nu MacDonald Award for an outstanding Electrical Engineering professor in the U.S. in 1975, and the University of Kansas Chancellor's Award for Excellence in Teaching in 1980. He is a Former President of the Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (GRS-S), and is currently serving as Chairman of its Technical Activities Committee. He was awarded the Society's Outstanding Service Award in 1982.


As the number of processing elements in modern chips keeps increasing, the evaluation of new designs will need to account for various challenges at the NoC level. To cope with the impractically long run times when simulating large NoCs, we introduce a novel GPU-based parallel simulation method that can speed up simulations by over 250×, while offering RTL-like accuracy. These promising results make our simulation method ideal for evaluating future NoCs comprising thousands of nodes.


It is a commonly held assumption that all attrition within Higher Education is a negative occurrence. Records from 729 exiting students were reviewed to ascertain 1) reasons for leaving 2) GPA at exit point and major. Results indicate that students are leaving for a variety of reasons. Some of the reasons represent a positive occurrence for both the University and the student. Results also indicate that for this particular institution, a significant segment of students exiting are academically successful. This finding indicates that a stronger targeted retention intervention programming is needed to focus not only on academic but social adjustment. There has been massive attention paid to the retention of college students. Programs directed at increasing retention have taken the form of orientation courses (e.g. Boudreau & Kromrey, 1994, Robinson, 1997) freshman and seminar courses (eg. Wilkee & Kuckuck, 1989; (Scherer, 198; 1) and various other instructional programs such as mentoring, alert systems & heightened student faculty contact (eg. Heath, Skok, McLaughlin 1995; Reken, Rickinson & Rutherford, 1995). There have also been focus on specific subgroups in hopes of identifying characteristics of those populations which may be subject to higher dropout rates (e.g. Rooke, Sims & Peyrefitte, 1995; Sherman, Giles & Williams-Green, 1994). However, while retention is a critical issue, this paper challenges the assumption that 100% retention rates are achievable or even desirable. This study examines the possibility that some student attrition from higher institutions is a positive occurrence for both the student and the University. Methodology Subjects Academic student records were obtained from a small upstate New York private University. Student information gathered from these records were 1) year matriculated 2) degree sought 3) month-year student left the University 4) reason student left and 5) the students GPA at the end point from the University. To ensure confidentiality no information was obtained which identified or could be linked back to the individual student. Data Interpretation The University, by matter of standard procedure, codes the reasons why a background particular student leaves. Table 1 identifies these reasons. An issue concerning this data is the interpretation of the codes in general. For instance Table 1 Reasons For Exiting; 1. Found another school/Transferred 2. Financial problems 3. Medical problems 4. Personal reasons 5. Married 6. University dropped student 7. Academic 8. No reason given "Found another school/transferred" (Code 1) could be interpreted in a variety of ways. For the purpose of this discussion this code is being interpreted as meaning that these students were not content at their current University and therefore sought another to complete their degree at another institution. "Financial Problems" is being interpreted as a price/quality issue. Students falling in this category have determined that their education is not justifiable in terms of the returns. They, therefore, chose to exit. This assumption is supported by the high level of financial aid given to a large majority of accepted students at this particular University. Both medical and personal reasons are being interpreted at face value. These students had either a medical condition or a personal problem that made them leave the University somewhat involuntarily. Code 6, University dropped student, classifies those students who fell below the appointed grade point average and were asked to leave. Again, this group of students probably left involuntarily. It is the position of this paper, which will be discussed in depth further on, that the majority of these students represent a positive occurrence for the University and the student both. …


It is not obvious if the EU would lose or gain from a Brexit, writes Lorenzo Codogno. Judging from trade and investment flows, the divorce should have less of a negative impact on the rest of EU than on the UK. Some service sector businesses could potentially relocate to the EU, and the area could divert foreign direct investment from the UK. Financial market volatility, uncertainty, and loss of confidence in the EU project could pose a more immediate and severe risk. Moreover, there is a threat of serious political ramifications and a domino effect for the rest of the EU. A Brexit would bolster anti-Euro populist opposition parties, with potentially destabilising effects for the EU and the Euro Area.


With influenza activity surging, critical illness and deaths have been reported in young and middle-aged U.S. adults. The predominant virus has been the strain that caused the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Despite challenges, there's much we can do to reduce the impact of influenza.


Rocks in the Earth are not homogeneous, but consist of different mineralogical phases with different rheological properties. When deformed, these heterogeneous rocks therefore also exhibit heterogeneous deformation, which depends on the rheological contrast between the different phases and their distribution within the rock. The effective properties of such heterogeneous mixtures have received a significant amount of attention in the past [Treagus, 2002; Madi et al., 2005; Jessell et al., 2009; Dabrowski and Schmid, 2012; Kaercher et al., 2016], but it has not yet been possible to link random weak phase topologies to the effective rock rheology. Here we use a numerical approach to gain insight into the relationship between phase distribution topology and the effective rheology/ deformation of two-phase rocks. To this end, we prescribe the distribution of weak phases is using random fields and deform the resulting structures in simple shear. The usage of random fields allows us to prescribe a certain topology of the weak phase and to investigate its effect on bulk properties. Adding a weak phase has several effects: First, the internal strain rate, stress and pressure fields become strongly heterogeneous, thus at times resulting in unexpected behavior and localization of deformation. Second, the bulk rock is weakened. The amount of weakening strongly depends on the topology of the weak phase as well as on its rheology. We performed a large number of simulations for different viscosity contrasts, volume fractions and weak phase topologies to obtain the desired amount of data needed for statistical analysis of bulk rock deformation properties. We then link the statistical properties of the weak phase distribution to the effective rheology using an analytical solution.


Quine rejects intensional Platonism and, with it, also rejects attributes (properties) as designations of predicates. He pragmatically accepts extensional Platonism, but conceives of classes as merely auxiliary entities needed to express some laws of set theory. At the elementary logical level, Quine develops an "ontologically innocent" logic of predicates. What in standard quantification theory is the work of variables is in the logic of predicates the work of a few functors that operate on predicates themselves: variables are eliminated. This "predicate-functor logic" may be conceived as a peculiar sort of Platonism ontologically neutral, reduced to schematized linguistic forms. Quine's explicit and elaborate attitude toward Platonism is 1) that he rejects intensional Platonism and 2) that he pragmatically accepts extensional Platonism. On that ground I want to show 3) that Quine himself implicitly proposes a kind of formal Platonism, in that he reduces Platonism to the linguistic level. Aspect 3) has also its negative side. Namely, if linguistic Platonism is all that remains of Platonism (if only in the domain of elementary logic), then Platonism in a full, ontological, sense is certainly abandoned. 1 Thi s paper appeared in the journa l Synthes i s Phi losophica, 14 (1999) , pp. 45-52. 2 Platonism in the usual sense What is probably most often associated with the word 'Platonism' is a sort of idealism whereby ideas are conceived as self-sufficiently existing abstract entities, fundamental for all being. Let us take, for example, the term 'man'. What does it mean? According to Quine, the ontologically "innocent" answer would be that 'man' denotes (or is true of) each individual man. Referring to each man, 'man' is a general term, a predicate. However, according to Quine, there are at least two more answers, which we might call Platonistic. 1) One would be that 'man' means a property, an attribute of being a man, "manhood". "Manhood" itself is something abstract (what is concrete is, in turn, individual men). Therefore, "manhood" would be a single abstract object, more precisely, an "idea" designated (named) by a singular term 'man'. Let us call such a standpoint intensional Platonism. 2) Another Platonistic answer would be that the term 'man' means the class of all men, "mankind". A class (set) is also an abstract object ("idea"), designated by the singular term 'man'. Let us call such a type of answer extensional Platonism. 2 I use Quine 's d i s t inct ion ( from hi s recent work) be tween "denot ing" and "des ignat ing" . According to th i s d i s t inct ion, a genera l t e rm (predica te) has the role to "denote" each object of which i t i s t rue separa te ly, whi le a s ingular t e rm has the role to "des ignate" ( to name) one and only one object . See Quine (1995a) , p . 60 . Thi s appl i es only to "monadic" (one-place) genera l t e rms , whereas polyadic (many-place) genera l t e rms denote many object s a t a t ime in some order (Quine 1982, pp. 167-168) . 3 For Quine , a predica te i s not the res t of a sentence from which we t ake away s ingular t e rms (as i s otherwise usual in logic, e .g. '__ i s grea ter than __ ' ) , but "an in tegra l word, phrase , or cl ause" (Quine 1995a , p . 61, see a l so p . 32) . For the di s t inct ion be tween a predica te in the usual sense and as a genera l t e rm, see Quine (1981) , pp. 164-165. 3 Quine's attitude toward intensional and extensional Platonism is well known. Let us outline it briefly. Ad 1) Quine rejects intensional Platonism because of the absence of any clear criterion of identity of such things as attributes (concepts, properties). Attributes are not always identical when they hold for the same objects; it is not clear what the further conditions of their identity are (Quine 1974, p. 102). Quine gives an example (Quine 1981, p. 101) where he assumes that all beings with a heart are also beings with kidneys and vice versa, in other words, that the attributes "to have a heart" and "to have kidneys" are coextensive. Not even in that case do we take the attributes "to have a heart" and "to have kidneys" to be identical. In the absence of coextensivity, Quine does not find any clear criterion of identity (i.e., of individuation) of attributes. Without that criterion, however, we cannot take attributes to be specific entities ("no entity without identity"). Some propose, for example, criteria of analyticity or of necessity i.e., that the biconditional of open sentences 'Fx' and 'Gx', if they express identical attributes, holds analytically, or necessarily (in the sense of quantified modal logic). Thereby, we take it that a sentence is analytically true if and only if it is true only in virtue of the meanings of words. However, this concept of analyticity leads to the dubious presupposition of meanings that transcend language. Again, the concept of necessity leads to "essentialism", according to which we could distinguish, independently of the way of the specification of an object in language, between what belongs to the object essentially and what belongs to it accidentally. Both are untenable on the


As well as films comprising this material and the low dielectric constant methods for their preparation having improved performance was observed when used as a dielectric material between the steps in the integrated circuit. In one aspect of the invention, the organo-silicate film character to expose the external light source, the film after exposure represents an improvement of 10% or more on the mechanical properties (i.e., material hardness and elastic modulus) compared to the deposited film.


The invention relates to a conical screw blender (100) which comprises an inverted cone-shaped vessel (102). The blender also includes a material inlet (104), a material outlet (103), a driven screw (203) housed within the vessel, and at least two non-diffuse gas injection lines (300) attached to the vessel. The conical screw blender of the present invention can be used not only for the mixing of materials, but also for the drying of materials. ® KIPO & WIPO 2009


Powder of the dielectric ceramic Sr(Zr, Ti)O3 was prepared by a new chemical method using TiO2 powder. The obtained fine and well-dispersed powder had good sinterability. The microscopic compositional uniformity in the sintered body was estimated by WDX, and the dielectric properties were measured at 6 GHz and 1 MHz. The samples prepared by the chamical method had excellent uniformity and a Q value (1/tan δ) 2.5 times that of the samples prepared by the conventional method.


The essay makes a commentary on the 39th world gymnastics championship in Aarhus by comparing and analyzing the performance of team competition of men and women,as well as the achievements of all-around and individual competitive events through reference and video materials for the purpose of presenting useful suggestions for Chinese gymnastics team's preparing for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.


The phenotypes of a T-DNA insertion mutant Y34-0453 of Magnaporthe grisea were analyzed. Compared with the wild type,the mutant Y34-0453 had an etiolated colony with less aerial mycelium but more conidia. It was completely non-pathogenic to the normal sensitive host,but could infect its wounded leaf. Furthermore,it was unable to form penetration peg on the onion epidermis,which may result in loss of pathogenicity. Flanking sequences of the T-DNA insertion site on the genome DNA was amplified by the DW-ACP-PCR technique. The blast result showed that the insertion position of T-DNA was located at 1 773 bp in the downstream of a hypothetical gene (MGG 02065.5) in Supercontig 5.184,chromosome Ⅱ. There may be a long distant regulatory element in the T-DNA insertion site.


The q-deformed supersymmetric t-J model on a semi-infinite lattice is diagonalized by using the level-one vertex operators of the quantum affine superalgebra U-q[sl(2\1)]. We. give the bosonization of the boundary states. We give an integral expression for the correlation functions of the boundary model, and derive the difference equations which they satisfy.


No cycles in TG is a sufficient condition of the termination of rule sets, but it is not a necessary condition. Because if there are cycles in the TG, the rule set may terminate if these cycles can only be executed a finite number of times. Through static analysis for active database rule sets, we present the concept of united formula and the algorithm to determine whether the united formula is satisfied. We also present the time complexity analysis of the algorithm. It is the base of determining termination of cyclic trigger graphs.