The classical theory of homogeneous and inhomogeneous linear difference equations with constant coefficients on the set of integers or nonnegative integers provides effective solution methods for a wide class of problems arising from different fields of applications. However, linear difference equations with nonconstant coefficients present another important class of difference equations with much less highly developed methods and theories. In this work we present a new approach to this theory via polynomial hypergroups. It turns out that a major part of the classical theory can be converted into hypergroup language and technique, providing effective solution methods for a wide class of linear difference equations with nonconstant coefficients.


Electrostatic self-assembly of an Anderson-based surfactant with polyelectrolytes and block copolymers leads to the formation of polyoxometalate-based polyelectrolyte–surfactant and block ionomer complexes, respectively. Furthermore, vesicular aggregates form in the solutions of the block ionomer complexes.


The Materials Technology Group of the Department of Nuclear Energy (DNE) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) undertook a program to machine and test specimens from a control rod follower from the High Flux Beam Reactor (HFBR). Tensile and Charpy impact specimens were machined and tested from non-irradiated aluminum alloys in addition to irradiated 6061-T6 from the HFBR. The tensile test results on irradiated material showed a two-fold increase in tensile strength to a maximum of 100.6 ksi. The impact resistance of the irradiated material showed a six-fold decrease in values (3 in-lb average) compared to similar non-irradiated material. Fracture toughness (K{sub I}) specimens were tested on an unirradiated compositionally and dimensionally similar (to HFBR follower) 6061 T-6 material with K{sub max} values of 24.8 {plus minus} 1.0 Ksi{radical}in (average) being obtained. The report concludes that the specimens produced during the program yielded reproducible and believable results and that proper quality assurance was provided throughout the program. 9 figs., 6 tabs.


Spatially varying sensing (foveation) was first used as a means for image compression in our past research (1993). In this report we extend previous work by us to address the advantages of foveation in improving the performance of interactive 3D visualization over bandwidth limited channels, such as the Internet. We develop an algorithm that is implemented in JAVA3D. The method combines foveating JPEG texture files with level-of-detail representation in JAVA3D. Applications of the work include model based coding following the Synthetic-Natural Hybrid (SNHC) paradigm in MPEG-4 to Electronic Commerce with 3D visualization of merchandise. Experimental results are presented to validate our approach.


Based on the panel data of bilateral trade between China and ASEAN from 2000-2009 and combining with the current trade situation of CAFTA,the extended gravity model is used to establish the empirical analysis.Through construction and analysis of the model,the results show that the processing of CAFTA has significantly promoted the bilateral trade.In addition,GDP,population,science and technology level,common culture and the Preferential Trade Area have positive effect on bilateral trade,while space distance and boundary havr negative effect.


We have studied the balance between olefin insertion and β-hydrogen transfer to monomer for all "well-defined" aluminum polymerization catalysts reported to date. Consistently, the balance is predicted to be significantly worse than for Me2AlEt, implying that none of the proposed active species should give a high-molecular-mass polymer. A more systematic analysis of ligand effects allows a rationalization of these results and shows that small modifications to the proposed active species are unlikely to solve the problem. We conclude that olefin polymerization at a single aluminum center is rather unlikely. Alternative interpretations of the experimental data are discussed.


isk management practice in microfinance banks is vital for the sustainable growth of the vulnerable financial institution in Nigeria. Accordingly, the study focused on economic and human risks. Data for this study was sourced from annual observations of ten (10) microfinance banks between 2010 and 2019; These were obtained from annual reports and financial statements of the microfinance banks. Questionnaires were also administered to assist in data collection. A panel data estimation technique was used for ease of statistical analysis. The finding indicate that credit risk had profound effects on the growth or otherwise of the MFBs. Market and reputation risk also had significant impact on the sustainable growth of MFBs. The study concludes that management and regulators of the MFBs should focus more attention to the identification and treatment of risks.


This article presents finite difference time domain (FDTD) and finite element method (FEM) based electromagnetic modeling and simulation of an industrial scanning microwave microscopy (SMM) material measurement setup. These two methods have been employed to cross verify each other for classical electromagnetic simulations of the homogeneous conductive materials under SMM. For the SMM simulations involving semiconductor materials, however, a coupled multiphysics solver is required in addition to the pure electromagnetic analysis. As a solution to this problem, an FEM-based semiconductor Poisson–Drift–Diffusion (PDD) solver and its coupling to transient electromagnetic solver is presented in this article. The considered SMM setup consists of a conductive fine tip suspended at a certain height above the sample. For the validation purposes of electromagnetic solvers, the numerical modeling was based on both the time domain FEM (TD-FEM) and FDTD. Both numerical methods extract the scattering parameters from the computed field of the conductive or dielectric samples. At the second stage of the analysis, the TD-FEM solver is coupled with the time domain PDD semiconductor solver in order to simulate charge transport and explain behavior of the charges in semiconducting domains under electromagnetic illumination similar to SMM setups.


A method, operable at a network node of a wireless network, schedules radio resource usage for a mobile device to transmit on a device-to-device connection. The method includes receiving, from the mobile device, an indication of a requirement for transmission resources, comprising at least an indication that the resources are required with a periodicity, transmitting, to the mobile device, an assignment of a first scheduling configuration for the device-to-device connection, comprising at least an indication of periodically recurring radio resources to be used for a plurality of instances of amessage transmission on the device-to-device connection, transmitting, to the mobile device, an indication to begin use of the periodically recurring radio resources, and handing over responsibilityfor providing radio resources for the device-to-device connection from the network node to a target network node such that the availability of radio resources with the periodicity is substantially maintained.


Immersion as an international traveler to Turkey and experiencing the religion, culture, people, foods and lifestyle of the culture can have a life changing effect on youth. The youth author shares that providing authentic experiences and diverse opportunities is important in maximizing the potential.


Frequency-scanning antenna has been extensively explored, but it is very challenging to achieve frequency-scanning on two frequency bands simultaneously. Here we present a design scheme of a novel dual-frequency-scanning broadband antenna by utilizing Z-shape spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) and circular patch arrays. The Z-shape SSPPs line allows slow-wave transmission that coupled with patch arrays for the first frequency-scanning at low frequency range, while it also generates fast-wave radiation for another frequency-scanning at high frequency range. We demonstrate the fabricated antenna offers large-angle dual-frequency-scanning from −21.5° to 43.1° within 2.8–7.3 GHz, and −47.3° to 22.5° within 13.7–27.4 GHz, respectively.


Bachelor thesis The approach of Pioneer organisation workers to the socially disadvantaged Children is primarily devoted to the issues of non-profit organizations, focusing closely on Pionyr and how its workers perceive socially disadvantaged children in this non-profit organization. The theoretical part introduce Pionyr organization in closer look by stating its description, ideals of activity and organisational structure. Then further analyzes the issues of free time, volunteering and volunteers themselves. Last but not least this thesis deals with socially disadvantaged children and their specifications. The practical part of this bachelor thesis then combines theoretical points of view, in the form of a questionnaire survey among Pionyr workers, with its subsequent evaluation.


Sudangrass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench var. sudanense] is an increasingly popular forage and cover crop, but farmers have questions about how to manage sudangrass residues for maximum weed suppression. The objective of this greenhouse study was to quantify the relative contribution of sudangrass root exudates (e.g., sorgoleone) and decomposing shoot residue to green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv.] suppression across a range of soil mixtures. Green foxtail emergence was reduced by up to 76% by shoot residues and by up to 55% by root exudates. Synergism between decomposing shoot residues and root exudates was observed as the combination of treatments delayed time to >50% green foxtail emergence by 4 to 12 days. Results suggest that the weed suppressive potential of sudangrass is driven by independent and synergistic effects of decomposing shoot residue and root exudates in the soil. Thus, farmers removing sudangrass shoot residue by grazing or haying could experience reduced weed suppressive benefits from this crop. S is often planted as a summer cover crop or forage crop and can be useful for increasing soil organic matter and suppressing weeds when planted at high densities (Forney and Foy, 1985; Weston, 1996). Many studies have demonstrated the capacity for sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] and sudangrass to suppress germination, emergence, and growth of weeds and other plant species (Hoffman et al., 1996; Nimbal et al., 1996b; Roth et al., 2000; Weston et al., 1989). The mechanism of suppression may be related to a combination of factors, including interplant competition during sudangrass growth (Weston, 1996), physical interference of mulched residues with weed seed germination and growth (Teasdale and Mohler, 1993), delayed nutrient availability to weeds as sudangrass residues are decomposed (Liebman and Davis, 2000), negative soil microbial feedback effects (Klironomos, 2002), or chemical allelopathy (Einhellig and Souza, 1992). Published in Crop Management DOI 10.2134/CM-2013-0037-RS © 2014 American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison, WI 53711 All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. S.E. Wortman, Assistant Professor, Dep. of Crop Sciences, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1201 S. Dorner Dr., Urbana, IL 61801; J.J. Schmidt and J.L. Lindquist, Graduate Student and Professor, Dep. of Agronomy and Horticulture, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, 279 Plant Science Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583. Received 30 Oct. 2013. *Corresponding author (email@example.com).


Monitoring forest degradation is a complex process that needs to account for a wide variety of forest characteristics, human activities, and programmatic resources in order to achieve reliable results. This workshop sought to deepen understanding of monitoring forest degradation as it relates to these issues by: a) discussing implications from definitions related to operationalizing forest monitoring degradation; b) assessing case studies with current, and emerging, best practices to detect and monitor forest degradation; and, c) identifying ways forward for forest degradation monitoring demonstration activities.


The combination of an existing graphics package with a large program like TRANSPORT has often resulted in considerable modification to the large program. Use of other graphics packages has resulted in essentially having to repeat the work. This difficulty has been avoided in a modification of TRANSPORT which produces layouts of beam lines. Drawings of the reference trajectory and three-dimensional images of all magnets are made by the graphics package TOP DRAWER. Nothing specific to TOP DRAWER or any other graphics package has been incorporated into TRANSPORT. If a uses is familiar with a different graphics package he or she can then begin usage of this alternate package essentially immediately.<<ETX>>


The use of different methodological references has been a constant search in the practice of research of different areas of knowledge. Therefore, nursing has tried to base its studies on diversified references, as a way to broaden its body of knowledge. Thus, this article aims to propose a few considerations and ideas about the use and contributions of phenomenology as a research method in the nursing area, by reviewing its main guiding presuppositions, as well as analyzing the availability of the use of phenomenology in studies of this area. So, we claim the importance of phenomenology as a methodological reference, but also a theoretical-philosophical reference for nursing research.


Endocrine regulation of an estral cycle at the small ruminant is studied. It is established that at a does of Zaanensky breed and ewes of the Romanovsky breed there is a dependence of sexual recurrence on a season. Estradiol concentration in both animal species serum of blood reaches the maximum values in a stage of sexual cycle excitement. Increase of progesterone concentration in serum of blood is noted in a braking stage. During a seasonal anaphrodisia low level of both hormones is noted.


Recent studies suggest that both the quantum Zeno (increase of the natural lifetime of an unstable quantum state by repeated measurements) and anti-Zeno (decrease of the natural lifetime) effects can be made manifest in the same system by simply changing the dissipative decay rate associated with the environment. Here, we present a model which incorporates the effect of the environment in an exact manner leading to a confirmation of this expectation.


Manipulation of propagation is a common practice in many commercial plant to obtain healthy and resistance plant for good yield. Many propagation techniques such as cutting, grafting, layering were evolved focusing on low budget production of high quality planting materials. An experiment was conducted to focus on standardizing a sound protocol for mini clonal propagation of M. indica variety V1. Among different concentrations of growth hormones evaluated, apical cuttings treated with IBA at 3000 ppm recorded significantly higher sprouting per cent (82.39%), rooting per cent (63.27%), survival per cent (68.80%), root length (22.22 cm), shoot length (22.05 cm), number of roots (14.40) and number of leaves (18.30) followed by NAA at 4000 ppm. Besides that, various rooting medium used, Soil: Coir pith: FYM (1:1:1) registered superior in survival per cent (14.26%), sprouting per cent (67.50%), rooting per cent (38.77%) and number of roots (12.45) whereas Soil: Sand: Vermicompost (1:1:1) registered maximum performance in shoot length (16.98 cm), root length (16.42 cm) and number of leaves (14.18). Hence it was clearly evident that IBA at 3000 ppm treated plants raised under Soil: Coir pith: FYM medium suitable for mass multiplication of M. indica.


This recently discovered superconductor is found to have a relatively low density of states with evidence for strong coupling. The critical field slope at [ital T][sub [ital c]] is [minus]0.5 T/K, consistent with the low specific heat [gamma] of 11[plus minus]2 mJ/mol K[sup 2].


Dear editor, The very recent paper by Reyes and colleagues (2010) published in the Virtual Edition of Child: care, health and development addresses a very important topic. Given that more than 90% infants live in low-income or developing countries and the relatively high prevalence of risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders usually found in these children, the possibility to have a relatively simple and reliable assessment tool is certainly very useful for paediatricians and child neurologists. I want to discuss here two points which I believe are relevant as well. First, this paper can be read as a relevant contribution to the nature versus nurture conundrum. Data presented by Reyes and colleagues (2010) are in fact consistent with others (Chambers & Grantham-McGregor 1986; Luiz et al. 2001) and can be read to support the hypothesis that at 6 months biological factors (including genetic but also nutritional aspects) are the most relevant determinants of child neurological development. A non-negligible role is also played by emotional and relational aspects, mediated by the mother–child relationship, which at this age are also fundamental for appropriateness of child stimulation (Chiappedi et al. 2010). As the child gets older, however, an increased role is played by experience, i.e. the possibility to use one's own basic skills in an everyday context to solve evolutive problems and as a consequence to reach developmental milestones. The fact that the same findings have been replicated in different countries and in children from different origins adds valuable support to this possible mediating theory to integrate nature's and nurture's roles in child development. The second important issue, however, is the specific test chosen by the authors. Griffiths Mental Development Scales were developed by Ruth Griffiths as a clinical tool to assess and quantify child's development in different areas. Their basic construct (although the quotient are based on a simple ratio transformation of the raw data, i.e. the mental age divided by the chronological age) has been shown to be consistent across cultures and through time, as these scales seem to measure a factor which appears to be similar cross-culturally (Luiz et al. 2001). However, it has been stated that Griffiths reported studies based on long-term test–retests, which are now thought to assess the so-called 'predictive validity', and that although her sample size was impressive (2260 children) it was inadequate in relation to the age range and number of items in the test (Hanson 1982). This implies that a lot of work still has to be done in order to identify the long-term reliability of these scales and their ability to predict e.g. child adaptation and school achievement (Hanson et al. 1984), given also the many factors which can influence a child's performance (e.g. the positive expectations of the rater can significantly improve child's results as shown for another famous test for children by Lasky et al. 1973) and its interpretation by the observer (Hanson et al. 1984). This implies that a great caution must be applied when following the suggestion by Reyes and colleagues (2010) that 'it is more practical for developing countries to adopt internationally standardized tests that have been proven to measure a construct of child development applicable through time and across cultural diversity'. This is possible only for really well-standardized tests, after a careful adaptation to the specific cultural environment and if the cost-effectiveness is adequate. This implies considering not only the cost of the test itself (e.g. in Italy the set of the Griffiths Mental Development Scales costs at present more than 4.000 euros, nearly 1.700 euros for the 0–2 years set only, not counting consumables such as notation protocols) but also that of the necessary training and of the time needed for every single assessment (which is often the major cost as discussed in Chiappedi 2009).


Sediment yield in glacially conditioned terrain in the Coast and Cascade Mountains of British Columbia is described from lacustrine sediments in 14 lakes. Six lake basins are heavily glacierized, six are glaciated but not glacierized and the final two are lightly glacierized. The central issue is the nature of the interlinkage between basin and lake as expressed by the amount and type of lake sediment delivery. The general conceptual model of suspended sediment yield as a function of basin area is complicated by the effects of glacier cover and hillslope-channel coupling. In the case of lake sediment delivery in glacially conditioned terrain, upstream trapping by other lakes is a major factor.


The newly prepared carbene precursor 1,3-dimesitylacenaphtho[1,2-d]imidazolinium chloride, (NHC–H)Cl, 3, could be readily converted into the NHC-silver(I) complex, 4, which is an efficient carbene transfer agent and has been used to synthesise thione 5, trans-[PdCl2(NHC)2], 6 and [RhCl(NHC)(COD)], 7. All compounds synthesised were characterised by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy and the molecular structures of the thione 5 and complex 7 were determined by X-ray crystallography. Complex 7 was converted into cis-[RhCl(NHC)(CO)2] and the electron donating properties and trans influence of the NHC ligand were compared with nonanullated counterparts. The catalytic activity in the Heck reaction of 6 and the in situ formed palladium complex was evaluated. The activity of the in situ formed complexes for the Heck coupling of alkenes was high. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)


The Hearing Voices Movement (HVM)3, a survivor-led movement that began in the late 1980s, has grown into a worldwide phenomenon through a network of Hearing Voices support groups (HVN)4 that challenges current belief that auditory verbal hallucinations are sign and symptom of schizophrenia and best treated with lifelong medication management. This article describes the origins and history of the HVM, the philosophy that informs HVN support group work, and the HVM's extraordinary growth, with a presence in 30 countries on six continents. The Connecticut, USA, experience is described and practical suggestions for forming HVN support groups are offered. The article concludes with a discussion of the future of the movement and a call for increased collaboration between the HVM and supportive mental health professionals to develop an evidence base for the efficacy of HVN support groups in treating those who experience auditory verbal hallucinations.


This paper presents results from an investigation into long-range detection and monitoring of Electromagnetic (EM) side-channel signals leaked from Internet-of-Things (IoT) and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices. Our work shows that operational information and program activities of the IoT and FPGA modules can be garnered at distances excess of 25 m in an indoor Line-Of-Sight (LOS) environment, while at about 10 m in an indoor (through the wall) Non-Line-Of Sight (NLOS) scenario. We provide a propagation model that can be used to predict the received power (and corresponding variation i.e., shadowing gain) of leaked EM side-channel signals at various distances and scenarios. A standard benchmark program bitcount used in the performance evaluation of ARMbased microprocessors and a microbenchmark SAVAT running on an IoT device were detected and monitored remotely in our work.


The present invention discloses a circuit breaker type electric switchgear that mounted on a neutral main and at least one phase line, which comprises a electronic circuit that provides at least one differential function and is supplied between the neutral main and the phase line or between two phase lines; two interface units on each line and a pair of fixed and movable contact points; and a mechanical releasing lock that comprises a movable contact point support member and is actuated by a control member. The electronic circuit is connected between a movable contact point on one of the lines and a fixed contact point on the other line.


Embodied energy has long been a focus of research, and improved operational energy demands in modern structures cause the proper analyses of embodied energies to be critical for full building life cycle analysis. Many different calculation techniques exist to arrive at an embodied energy value, and literature is full of the application of these values to predominantly single or small numbers of buildings. Embodied energy at an urban scale is studied in this paper, and a new software tool for estimating embodied energy impacts at the design stage is
introduced. Two case studies are discussed using the software, and embodied energies are calculated and presented
in context with their operational energy savings. The importance of choosing an embodied energy value calculated
according to the process-based hybrid analysis method when looking at the urban scale is discussed.


1PG Student, CED, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India 2Assistant Professor, CED, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Footing subjected to eccentric loading along two mutually perpendicular axes is quite a common field problem. Due to this bearing capacity is reduced considerably as the effective size is drastically reduced. A footing may be subjected to one way or two-way eccentricity due to many reasons. In the case of footing subjected to one-way eccentricity the common practice is to match the centre of gravity of column loads to centre of gravity of footing area. Strap footings are also commonly used when the footing is subjected to two-way eccentric load. These footings not only resist the eccentric loading without (negligible) tilt but increase the bearing capacity also. Using the idea of angle-shaped footings and biangle shaped footing which was a result from the study of partial confinement, another new idea, has been developed. These footings have shape in the form of one vertically downward projection towards the eccentric side of one adjacent edge. In the present paper Square Angle shaped footing which was the experimental work of Dr. H. K Mahiyar has been analysed and then verified by Finite Element Technique using ANSYS software. Secondly rectangular footings subjected to eccentric loadings have been considered and an analysis has been done by taking different points of eccentricity along with varying projection and sizes of footing. Footing under a point load at some eccentricity along diagonal with one vertically downward footing projections of equal length along one adjacent side towards the eccentricity have been analysed. To get the zero-tilt condition of the footing for the eccentric load, the projection has been given certain ratios with respect to the size of the footing. It has been observed that the equation given by Dr. H K Mahiyar was verified and the position of the zero tilt of rectangular angle shaped footing could be achieved successfully.


There is presently enormous interest in the Pacific islands region in restoring depleted sea cucumber fisheries with hatchery-produced juveniles. The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research funded projects in Fiji to transfer technology for culturing and sea ranching of sandfish (Holothuria scabra, known locally as 'dairo'). Two hatcheries that respectively produce blacklip pearl oyster and penaeid shrimp were successfully used to culture sandfish. Government aquaculture officers and private-sector hatchery technicians were trained in sandfish production methods. Successful spawning and rearing to the small juvenile stage were carried out at both hatcheries but, due to factors such as cyclones and equipment failure, only one of the hatchery runs produced about 500 large juveniles for a release trial. An extensive seagrass bed on a shallow sand flat in front of Natuvu village, Vanua Levu, met the criteria for suitable habitat for sea ranching, and the community was committed to the research. The juveniles were released into four 100-m² sea pens (two pens each of small and large juveniles, 1–3 g and >3–10 g, respectively). Survival after 6 months was around 28% overall (23% for small and 33% for large sandfish).
The Natuvu community ceased harvest of sandfish from the wild prior to the project starting, and also declared a marine protected area (MPA) around the sea-ranching site. An unanticipated benefit of the project was an increase in other valuable sea cucumber species in their MPA, which were harvested for a one-off community fundraising event.


In studies of culture and communication, it is widely believed that (a) cultures can be
distinguished according to the use of direct and indirect style (e.g. Adair and Brett
2004; Brew and Cairns 2004; Cohen 2004; Ting-Toomey 1999); (b) culture is closely
related to communication style (e.g. Fujishin 2007; Neuliep 2006; Pekerti and
Thomas 2003); and (c) there are differences in interpretation between people from
different cultures (e.g. Cohen 2004; Gao and Ting-Toomey 1998; Scollon and Scollon
1995; Ting-Toomey 1999). Drawing on Relevance Theory, I argued that
communication styles in cultures that have been categorised as using direct and
indirect style are both indirect, and that there is no direct connection between culture
and communication style. Specifically, I proposed that the claim that there are
differences in interpretation between people with diverse cultural backgrounds can be
more effectively addressed by focusing on contextual assumptions people draw on in
response to an utterance. To investigate how cultural differences are realised by
focusing on native speakers of Mandarin Chinese and British English, this study
adopted a qualitative technique to analyse data in order not only to reveal how or
whether cultural differences are realised through the use of communication style, but
also to provide an in-depth understanding of contextual assumptions that hearers draw
on and their relationship with cultural difference.
This study involved two sets of radio talk shows broadcast in China and Britain. It
also involved a series of interviews with hearers from China and Britain. The main
findings from the study are: (1) styles of speakers of Mandarin Chinese and British
English are both indirect; (2) there is no direct correlation between culture and
communication style, and (3) cultural differences are realised if hearers from different
cultures draw on different contextual assumptions in response to an utterance. This
research has important implications for researchers in the area of culture and
communication in understanding cultural differences in communication, and for
research into contextual assumptions in intercultural encounters.


It's the first time that many users are operating their work from home. There is not only the tension of the uncertainty around the COVID-19 pandemic but also a time for adjusting people to their remote working habits considering ever-increasing cyber-attacks. When employees work in an office, there is an IT team working with them closely for their information security problems. However, it is difficult to provide sufficient information security protection that can compensate for human errors in remote working. Information security familiarity, information security awareness, and information security behavior are critical concepts to consider again during the pandemic as the new normal. In this chapter, a literature review will be conducted for information security awareness and information security familiarity concepts. Analysis of the context of these concepts is the aim of this chapter. This study can give insight to understand, evaluate, and determine the information security behavior of employees during new remote working conditions.


The present invention discloses a display system, comprising: a polarized glasses; and a display means, wherein said display means comprises: a first display panel configured to emit first light in a first direction, and a direction for the a second direction opposite the first direction of the second emitted light, a first image of the first light is displayed on the first display panel corresponding to the light in the first direction, the second light is the a first image corresponding to the light in the second direction; and a second display panel in the first direction for emitting the third light, the third light is displayed on the second display panel of the second image corresponding to the light in the first direction, and for the second reflected light in the first direction; wherein the first display panel further for transmitting said third light; the said first direction is perpendicular to the plane where the first display panel, the second display panel, the polarizing plate, the first display panel according to the order in the first direction integrally superposed.


The purpose of this research is to compare and determine the level of health of first-year female students of NUPh in the 2018-2021 academic years. Material & Methods: the research involved 528 first-year female students of National University of Pharmacy (the year of entry 2018 (n=311); the year of entry 2019 (n=107); the year of entry 2020 (n=60); the year of entry 2021 (n=50)). Anthropometric parameters (body weight, standing height, hand muscle strength), physiological parameters (vital capacity of the lungs (VCL), heart rate (HR)) were determined during the examination. Functional breath-holding tests (the Stange and Hench tests) were performed, the level of physical health was determined by the method of Pyrohova, O.A., the express assessment of the level of somatic health was determined by the method of Apanasenko, H.A., and the method of assessing physical work capacity using the Ruffier test was performed. Descriptive statistics were used for the statistical analysis of the data. The comparison of average values of variable indicators was carried out using parametric methods (Student's t-test) with the normal distribution of these signs expressed in the interval scale. All calculations were performed in StatSoft Statistica 8.1 for Windows. Results: the data obtained in the course of the research allow us to state that the indicators of the Ruffier index are at "satisfactory" (14,1±0,3) and "average" levels (7,5±1,1). The somatic health indicator was also at the "below average" level in 2018 (4 points), it was at the "average" level (7 points) in 2019, and in 2020 and 2021, this indicator was already at the "above average" level (14 and 13 points, respectively). The level of physical health was also at the "average" level in 2018 (0,560), and in 2021 it was at the "above average" level (0,697). Conclusions: the conducted research showed that the somatic health and physical state of first-year female students of NUPh were improving from year to year (starting from 2018), which is reflected in the health level indicator according to the method of Pyrohova, O.A. and Apanasenko, H.A., the Ruffier index, and the results of the Stange and Hench tests. The Romberg test was within the normal range. The obtained results create broad prospects for their involvement in physical culture and sports activities.


Reinforced concrete column strengthened with angle steel has strong high temperature resistance. Through the quantitative analysis and testing of the high temperature collapse of concrete column, the formula design of reinforced concrete column is improved to enhance the high temperature collapse performance of concrete column. Reinforced concrete columns high temperature collapse technology strengthened by angle steel based on bilinear elastic hysteretic model is proposed and equivalent linear recursive analysis method is used to calculate the restoring force model of concrete column. Experimental results show that the method can be used to calculate the ultimate crack depth and fracture toughness reliability of concrete column and detect high temperature collapse of reinforced concrete columns. It can be effectively combined with regular field nondestructive testing and long-term strain monitoring to achieve high temperature collapse of concrete column detection.


Wi~ the addition of Strpctured Query Lanquaqe(SQL)1 II. dateb.se 1anquaqe that bas become the American National. standards Institute (AKSl:) standard for rel.atlonal. da~e 1anQUaqe, in V.rsion 6 BAS· software, it 1& ::~;!e~;!f1~~~t Sf: ~r:~~:na\~~f:.b~e a::Si~v~=~~ ~t:t1~~'i1':t~"!.~!;! ~~~~leU: l!oor~!r ~:t;:cJ.~~:!~: the efficient querying Of the sallie by our users. 1:n thia paper 50_ desiqn issues regarding re1ationa.1. database. wi}.l. be discussed. RELATIONAL THEORY AND DESIGN ReJ..tional. theory was deval.oped in the l.at. 1.960& and publ.l&hed in 1970 by Edgar. F. Codd, then an J:BK researcher. ThIs theory assists in the design of rel.ationa1 databases and in the efficient proceaslnq of user requests for infor.ation from ~ database. The fol.l.owlnq four basic premises can be derived from Codd's 12 established rul~s of relational theory: TABLES ar~ used to store information in ~se. 2. The tables can be related to one another in different 1D4nners to represent various data relationships and Views by usinq 1I:ELATl:OHAL ~. >. ~I~Ll:Z;I;f:fi pro:ide:On~ts~~d a;;~~logio relational database design. 4. ~h~:~llt:H:: d~i~i~:!f a?~~b~{e:~ta and A relational database consists of a collection of tables, eaeh of ~hieh is assigned a unique name. Each ta61e1ias rows and columns. A row in a table represents : ~~1\~~i~iPo:m~!!~ a :ei~:fo:a~~; J;!~~e i~ t:b!~o!:· correspondence between the concept of table and tha mathematical concept of relation, from--wbich th~ r~lational data model takes Its name. a~er:ra ~;~:~:~:a~o~:bl~,!n~~l.~, ~~~!~ cl.aUfles. The resuLt of a SOL query ""'IS a Following is a simple query using the sample table found in Figur~ 1. "Display the trial, patient number, and EKG abnormal.ity of aLL patients with an EKG abnormality code that is betWeen 100 and 200 inclUsive.": proc sql; select trial,ptno,ekgabn; fro_ ekgabnor; where ekgabn between 100 and 200; The resul.t of this SOL query is the following rel.ationl TR.IAL 1 1 PTHO 2 2 EKeARN 10' 102 In order to describe the structure of a database, we need to def ine the concept of a data lIIOdel. A data model is a collection of conceptual toois for descriDIii'g ~ data relationships, and consistency constraints. Any system's file structur~ is a model. of data that pertaLns to the part of the real. world rel.~vant to the appl.ication. Designers and developers ean reap _ny benefits from good data JIIodeling. :rt makes code 1II0re straight.forwal:'d, !~:~~~~ :yes~~1IIe;e~~~~~~:~t.an-:r~r~!~~n::~ i~~~~i~~ It also gives the syst.em greater durability in the face of inev i table changes, al.lowing for a lonqer useful lifetime. A poorly designed data structure, however, causes trouble early in the development process and it keeps creating proble1DS for as long as the installed syst.em is 518 .. intained. At best, it _kes code bard to unclersbnd, difficul.t to _intAin, and inefficient to run. At. worst, we _y qet well into the developaent procesa before realilinq that the system is incapable of produeinq some required output elements. ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP MODEL One of the priaary modeling techniques is that of the '1!~t3i~~:!!0:n~t&i:~~~~~'pr~~:':~i~~!::1::ew:~~~ ~~BC~:e4pa~~c~eirw:-r:!i!!anS:~Pf=J ... W~!.l ~ ~~~tr~i~~:c~,.~ ~;.\!;r ~1;a::~~c!~~91Jt~ni~: ~!~~ built around the identification, analysis, description, i!lnd relationahipG of real.-world funct.ions, proc __ s, and dab entities of the business. The E-R .odel. is a .odel co.prised of the following three types of constructs; 1. entities and attributes(data items) 2. entities relationships 3. attribute constraints or domain ~s~~~~~y at!:t !he;:~:n~to~!.a~:fa.orEX=~~S ~~e:~t1~; types are PATI.EHT, vrTAL Sl:GNS, HOHl:TOR CONTACT, KEDl:CATrOU, TREltAPEOTI.C AliitEA, ADVB1I:SE EVENT, D1I:UG INVRH'l'OR'l t.ocATl:OH, DELIVERY SCHEDULE, etc. An individual entity will become a row in a relational table. An entity &~t is a set of entities of the sa_ type. This wil.l beeome a table of a relational database. For example, the set of all patients with EKG abnormalities are defined as the entity set EKGABN01I: in !!ri:et; d:;:;f:~t6~s ~:n Bbe da:fi~~~ ~nt~a;~ilt~O:~ ABCODES, for example. Attributes are the smi!lllest units of data in the data .. odel. These will become the columns in the databi!lse tables. An entity is represented by a Get of att~ibutes. Attributes of the EKGABNOR entity are trial, patient-number, visit, and EKO abno~1ity code. Possible attributes of th~ ABCQDES entity could be EKG abnorma1ity code and EkG abnor.a~ity description. A relationship 1s an association among severi!ll entities. Ei!lch entity or table may be reli!lted to any or all of the other tables in any number of ways. For eXalapl.e, we may define a relationship set VrTEkGAB to denote the association between the tab}.e in Figure 2~ VITALS, patients vital signs and the table in Pigure 1, EKGABNOR, patients EKG abnor.alities. The association is depicted in Figure 3. The SAS SOL code to generate this association or j01n.is as follOW: proc sql.: select * !~ev;~:!~t~~Y!~~~~O:OCOl and v.trialze.trial and v.ptno=e.ptno and v.visit~e.visit; For each data element or attribute there is a $et of allowed Values, called the domain of that attribute. NOT NOLL(NN) , NUXERZC(lf), ~(C), PlI:IKARY kEY(PK), etc. The effectiveness of the E-1I: approach in defining structures is constrained by the following three fi!lctors; 1. entity identification 2. entity definition 3. entity relationships identification and defin1tion ~!~~~~ ~~~it~n.,~l~~~ dO:te::f~~::y :::i a~:c~Ent!:er!:: i~e~f l~::r;:a:;oa~ -:n~i ~~~a=a;r:: 'onl~h:i ili~i~~ context. of the organization. rt is whatever the business defines it to be, and thi!lt definition must make sense within the context of the organization. Second, it must be determ1ned as to which attributes of each of the identif iad entities are needed by the organization and why. Make a tentative list of all the attributes that might conc<!livably be relevant to each of the identifi~d entities. 1I:ev1ew th~ list carefUlly. When the right attributes are .. tcbed up with the right entit~e&. figure out how each attribute ai9ht best be represented as one or mOre colu.ns in the ~le a •• ociated with its entity. For example, we need to carefully cons~der the priaary key for each entity in that we n.ed to identify one that will uniquely identify each row of the entity (for axample, patient nWllber concatenated with protocol and trial). And finally, the analyst or designer .oat identify and define the r~1.tion&hiP5 whiCh eXist between the ident~fied and defined entities and their relative iaportance to the o~anization, noting the primary and secondary keys that .ay be necessary to represent these relationa. These relationships can be difficu1t to define since tha relationships are dyn_ic depending upon the situational requirements. The above is an i terati ve proc_s. Deciding what entitles and attributes are relevant to our application ~s a very iaportant and creative aspect of .yate. analyai. and desiqn. :rt helps a l.ot to know the busio_a or industry in Which you are working, and it helps even 1IIOre to have a broad understanding about how your potential user. think. DATABASE NORMALIZATION The relational model J»:ovidas a number of powerful analytic tools that offe:r invaluable assistance in designing and optilDizing the data structures for our applications. The to01s are called 'Ute nor_I fo~, and the process of applying them i. called no:r:aa11zation. NOrllUl.l.ization is a f~rII!ll., systemat1c procedure for t •• tinq your tentative data atructure against a series ~~:,!;;t::fn~~,:~es un~:ly'i~iV~!og:::!iro::~1Il d~: BOdel. :rt insures that the data IIIOde1 i& in the most stable(i.e.; least like1y to change) foru. :rf we use the ru1es of nor_lization to create data structures, we ara l.ikely to save a lot wo:t:k 1n the develop_nt proceSS. Four 1.portant properties are associated with a ~ that represents a rel.ation in a database: l.. No two rows can be identical. 2. The ordering of thase rows is inaignificant. 3. The ordering of the col.u.ns is inSignificant. 4. Each data ita. "ould be atomic(i.e., nondeao.posable, such as an integer or character etring). ::::'1fl~~~.fo~~r~~:~t.!,~s :::::ii~i~~11;it~ i:i~~!~:~ £he potential for data maintenance anomalies and r.dundacies. The normal.ization process consists of sequential. steps for refining the data model.. A design; whicb has been refined through the first step is said to be in first nor.al fOrB. If the second step is COlllpleted; the de.iqn is in the second norlllal forJ;i. The first, second, and third nOrmal fora&. yield substantial pract1.;!al benefits. Complying with the first nOrll""l for. requires elimination of repeating columns or ~oups of columns frOB each tab1e. All columns in a t""ble must he related to the primary key of that table in a one-to-one .anner. :rn Figure 4 the prbll.ary key of the Dl!:CG table 1s PROTOCOL. The table is in violation of the first normal. fora rule since each protocol _y have more than one 1nvestigator. PROTOCOL and DRUG is repeated for PROTOCOL 999. As ill.ustrated in Figure 4, violating the first normal fora rul.e may cause data redundancy since entire rows aust be repeated to al.low for mul.tiple values of tha incorrectly placed coluant inability to completely id~ntify what the incorreatl.y pl.aced coLumn represents; and _intenanee difficulties(i.e.; if adding a new investigator means adding a new row; all the protoco~'s attril:n1tes(e.9., drug name) IllUSt be completel.y reentered. :rt becomes apparent that 1nvestigator name is not lUI attribute of a drug and thus IHVES'l'NAHE shoul.d not be a column in the DRUG table. Figure 5 showS the DRUG table restructured to correct for tbe first nOr1!lal. form. viol.ation by deleting the :rHVESTHAME col.umn. Of course~ an investigator entity wou~d have to be created with its appropriate attributes. The second degree of noraal.ization involves tabl.es that have cO!!!pOsite primary keys(PK) (i.e., pr


Objective To investigate the roles of NF-κB and EGFR in hepatolithiasis associated with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Methods Ninety cases of liver tissue specimens from hepatectomies performed in the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between August 1989and June 2009were enrolled in the study.Among them,33cases of hepatolithiasis associated with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were considered as observing group,32cases of hepatolithiasis as control group,and 25cases of normal bile duct tissues as normal control group.The SP method of immunohistochemical staining was applied to detect the expressions of NF-κB and EGFR in intrahepatic biliary ducts epithelial cells,and their relations with clinicopathologic factors and the accumulated survival rate of hepatolithiasis associated with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were analyzed.Results Expression rates of NF-κB and EGFR were gradually raised from normal control group,control group to observing group(P0.01).Expression of EGFR in tumor patients was related to histopathologic differentiation grading and the depth of tumor invasion(P0.05),but not to gender,age,or lymph node metastasis(P0.05);there were no significant relationships between the expression of NF-κB and factors described above(P0.05).The survival rate of patients with tumor expressed EGFR was significantly lower than that of patients with tumor non-expressed EGFR(P0.01).Conclusions NF-κB expression is in the early stage during intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma genesis.NF-κB and EGFR play cooperating roles during hepatolithiasis carcinogenesis process.Over expression of EGFR is related with poor differentiation and prognosis of tumor.


The temperature dependence of the mean bond displacement in linear triatomic molecules NNO and CO2 have been determined using the well‐established anharmonic force fields for these molecules. The results are applied to explain the temperature dependence of the nuclear shielding observed in the zero‐pressure limit for the 15N and 13C nuclei in 15N15NO and 13CO2. By fitting the observed σ0(T)−σ0(300 K) for T=250–350 K, empirical values of (∂σ/∂Δr)e=−220 ppm/A (CO2), −1030 ppm/A (NN*O), and −5190 ppm/A (N*NO) are obtained. These derivatives are discussed in comparison to similar molecular types. The average shielding for the vibrational states (000) and (0110) are calculated for both 15N nuclei in NNO and compared with values obtained from experimental spin‐rotational constants. The empirical derivatives are also used to calculate NMR isotope shifts from the mass‐dependent 〈Δr〉.


This work uses a coupled modeling approach for evaluating the electricity production of vehicle-integrated photovoltaic (VIPV) systems with consideration of location-specific environmental conditions. We combine temperature-dependent electrical models with a heat transfer solver that allows the calculation of module temperatures and the irradiance incident on curved vehicle surfaces. The approach is used to compare the energy production of three different VIPV systems in five different locations in the United States.


This study is concerned with books and readings, but books which move among the other objects in the novel, and readings which are either hidden or displayed by fictional characters: the act of reading by which one is formed or is torn apart, entertains or transforms oneself, dismantles the book or rewrites it. These books that are at the same time particular novelistic objects, and these readings that constitute actions and behavior (within the novel), give rise to two lines of inquiry. The first examines through : poetics whether the self-reflexive effects produced by representing books within a book are compatible with the referential intent of the so-called "realistic" novel. The second line of inquiry studies sociocritically how books, and the behavior which is associated with them, participate in the construction of the novel's "social nature" which at once represents and transforms the depicted society. The study of books and readings within the fiction of stendhal, balzac, flaubert, huysmans and proust invites one to shift the perspective of the first problem: incompatibility will in fact depend upon the fictive speech-act relationship which the text constructs. Such examination further allows us totrace, through these fictive worlds, the expansion of the book's market and its effects : the resulting image, at times prophetic and at others retrospective, achieves meaning through these very


Patients with an esophageal diverticulum are usually asymptomatic, the most common symptom is dysphagia. However, perforation of the esophageal diverticulum can cause acute mediastinitis and empyema thoracis.
We present a 51-year-old man who suffered from a chronic cough and hoarseness. He presented to the hospital complaining of hemoptysis, chest pain and fever. Empyema thoracis developed during admission. An upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series and panendoscopy suggested an esophageal tumor, but neither endoscopic nor percutaneous biopsies could lead to a definite diagnosis. The patient finally underwent thoracotomy, and the pathologic report showed esophageal carcinoid tumor and adenocarcinoma. The coexistence of esophageal carcinoid tumor and adenocarcinoma is very rare. To our knowledge, this is the first report of esophageal carcinoid tumor and adenocarcinoma arising from an esophageal diverticulum and complicated with empyema thoracis.


Identifying with students is an important way of construction harmonious campus and building close relationship with them.To achieve this purpose,teachers should empathize with students'cognitive(ability),feelings,mind,and respect and trust them in the process of teaching.


Even though the description of a dynamic capability is conceptually sound, the processes that help firms avoid the capability-rigidity tendency remain unspecified. To make progress on this the changing position of competitive advantage between two firms is discussed over time. Each firm is examined as a bundle of different types of boundaries and how effectively each firm manages knowledge across them will be used to explain the dynamic capability developed by one and the rigidity trajectory of the other. The framework developed is important because it describes how a dynamic capability can become a source of rigidity. It also contributes to the field of strategic management by providing a conceptual approach that connects the dynamics of firm knowledge to the dynamics of competitive advantage.


The development of downtown areas causes urban heat island (UHI), which raises the temperature of cities. To remove the causes of UHI, extensive research is underway for securing green spaces and fresh air corridors in urban districts. The development of high-rise apartments in the downtown affected the fresh air corridor of the whole city, decreasing wind velocity by up to 50% compared to that before the development. In addition, with regard to apartment layout in complexes, the front-rear inter-building distance had a higher effect on the change of wind velocity in the complexes than the side-to-side inter-building distance. However, in a layout with the same repetitive form, a wide side-to-side space increased the intensity of turbulent flow in the complex, making the wind velocity almost three times higher at some parts.


Abstract Introduction Urge incontinence is observed in 36% of cases with overactive bladder (OAB) and this is the most bothersome finding. Sexual dysfunction negatively affects the quality of life of many women and is more common than in men. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the sexual functions of women with OAB. Material and Methods Patients who presented with overactive bladder complaints between September 2019 and February 2020 were evaluated. A total of 64 patients from 32 patients with urinary incontinence and 32 patients without urinary incontinence were included in the study. Over Active Bladder -V8 (OAB-V8) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaire forms were filled in all patients. Patients with continence and incontinence were compared in terms of sexual function and FSFI subgroups. Results Of the 64 patients, 31 (48.4%) had sexual dysfunction. While 24 (75%) of patients with incontinence had sexual dysfunction, 7 (21.9%) of the continent ones had sexual dysfunction (p <0.01). While 6 (18.8%) of 32 patients with urinary incontinence said that they could not have orgasm due to urinary incontinence, 28 (87.5%) stated that they could not have orgasm due to fear of urinary incontinence. In other words, 22 (78.6%) of those who could not orgasm due to fear of urinary incontinence have sexual dysfunction. Conclusion In this study, urinary incontinence in women with OAB has been shown to be associated with sexual dysfunction. It has also been shown that anxiety of urinary incontinence can be associated with an inability to reach orgasm, one of the main goals of sexual activity. There is a need for studies showing that sexual dysfunction improves when OAB is treated.


An analysis of the fluid flow and mass transfer induced by ventilation systems in containership holds was carried out. The result of the work was used to support the U.S. position before a committee of the International Convention on Safety to Life at Sea. The analysis consists of a detailed calculation of the forced motion through an interconnected set of narrow, stably stratified, vertical air passages, which represent an idealized containership hold. The results of this calculation were then used to predict the vapour concentration of spilled volatile material assumed to lie at the bottom of the vertical air passages. The result is a set of formulae which determine the rate of extraction of volatile material as a function of hold geometry, ventilation parameters, and ambient stratification. A variety of computed results are presented. The results indicate the crucial importance of locating the extractor as close to the hold bottom as technically possible.


In the South African sugar industry, sugarcane is usually transported from field to mill in spiller vehicles. At the mill, spilling of the load is effected by chains, on to which the cane bundles are loaded in the field. The system may result in revenue loss from cane lost en route, cane remaining in the vehicle after spillage, littering penalties and cleaning costs, and time lost in vehicle cleaning. Experiments were conducted in which the chains were replaced by a wide canvas blanket supported by nylon straps. Better efficiencyand cost savings were achieved. The first blanket tested was not exactly to specification. The manufacturer had used the 50 mm straps, but had in addition attached sheaths to the blanket through which the Spiller '. bar


The application of active learning in learning Arabic at MA Darul Ulum Purwogondo Kalinyamatan Jepara. The implementation of active learning is learning that is made so that students can take part in learning actively and fun. So that students have many roles in participating when the learning process takes place in order to improve the quality and satisfactory results. This study aims to determine the level of interest of students in Arabic subjects at MA Darul Ulum Purwogondo Kalinyamatan Jepara. This research is a qualitative research. Data collection techniques using the method of observation, interviews, and documentation. Research on the implementation of active learning in Arabic subjects majoring in religion at MA Darul Ulum Purwogondo Kalinyamatan Jepara has been going well by emphasizing Arabic-language students majoring in religion with the concept of an Arabic day every Sunday. In the process of implementing active learning for Arabic subjects, the teacher provided a stimulus or stimulus that aims to be motivated and understand what the learning objectives are to be studied. Active learning is carried out after the educator delivers the material by asking questions to students individually or in groups (if forming groups). Educators also give awards or rewards to groups that can answer questions from educators based on teams that work together correctly and well.


When I set out on a book tour to promote the memoir about my less than perfect Texas clan, I did so with soul-sucking dread. Surely we'd be held up as grotesques, my beloveds and I, real moral circus freaks. Instead I shoved into bookstores where sometimes hundreds of people stood claiming to identify with my story, which fact stunned me. Maybe these people's family lives differed in terms of surface pyrotechnics – houses set fire to and fortunes squandered. But the feelings didn't. After eight weeks of travel, I ginned up this working definition for a dysfunctional family: any family with more than one person in it.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a new conceptualization of the boundaryless career – a widely acknowledged contemporary career concept – that reflects its original description more fully than previous literature has done, and to apply this conceptualization in an empirical investigation of career behavior and intentions of a large sample of European information technology (IT) professionals. Design/methodology/approach – As part of a large study of IT professionals in Europe (N=1,350), the paper had three research objectives. First, the paper developed and empirically tested a new operationalization of a person's boundaryless career orientation (BCO) that reflects the originally proposed boundaryless career meanings more closely than existing approaches. Second, the paper used this to identify in a holistic manner different patterns of BCO. Third, the paper examined the nature and extent of links between BCO and self-reported career behavior and intentions. Findings – The paper identifie...


Fractal coding has been proved useful for image compression. It is also be proved effective for image retrieval based on content. We generate image index file utilize fractal image code, also define the distance between two images as the measure standard for matching similar image. Differently with image compression we don't pay more attention on image compression ratio, but more care about the costing time that used to searching the satisfied results. So we improved image partition method based on quadtree method, reduced the number of range blocks of image. The experimental results show the approach we proposed can obtain satisfied image retrieval results and has stability.


This paper offers strategies for advancing organizational innovation and offers an outcome based definition of innovation suited to both for-profit and non-profit organizations. We explore the issues related to structural innovation - that capacity of an organization to become innovative. Starting with the premise that innovation and creativity can be taught, organizations should develop a balanced approach between innovation in organizational strategies and individual training programs so that individuals will be secure in the organization's effort to innovate. Institutional reward policies for innovation may be more successful if management and employees have similar training on which to build personal innovative skills. By drawing on a broad range of innovation research and literature, a basic framework or model is proposed to assist in identifying opportunities for overall innovation improvement. Our review of the literature suggests that innovation training should not be limited to the R&D division but should be fostered throughout an organization.


During the course of a systematic investigation of the drifts of Flamborough Head, I have somewhat unexpectedly come across a fragment of marine Arctic beds enclosed in Boulder-clay, similar to those which form the well-known fossiliferous deposits of Bridlington and Dimlington; and as this occurs under very different conditions from those already described, it adds materially to our knowledge of the beds, and illustrates more clearly their origin.


The aim of this work is to investigate the finite deformation behavior of polymeric materials under monotonic loading—unloading. The strain rate sensitivity behaviors of polymeric materials were modeled using viscoplasticity theory based on an overstress (VBO) model. The modeling capability of the VBO model was improved to describe the nonlinear stress—strain behavior of the fully inelastic flow region in loading at small strain level. In this model, the tangent modulus (Et) is taken nonlinearly to simulate this polymeric material behavior. The numerical results were compared to the experimental data in the literature. These results were in good agreement with the experimental data.


Using the small and medium-sized enterprise as the object of study,and to selects 120 enterprises from Gansu Province as the study samples,logistic regression model based on 20 frequentlyused financial indicators was constructed,and the credit risk of small and medium-sized enterprises were forecasted and analysed.The stuided results showed that this model owns the ideal prediction effect,it predicts credit risk with 92.5%accuracy,and it can advance warning of credit risk for enterprises interna,and it may provide the enterprises' credit risk conditions for banking system.


Abstract. Cirrus cloud thinning (CCT) is a relatively new radiation management proposal to counteract anthropogenic climate warming by targeting Earth's terrestrial radiation balance. The efficacy of this method was presented in several general circulation model (GCM) studies that showed widely varied radiative responses, originating in part from the differences in the representation of cirrus ice microphysics between the different GCMs. The recent implementation of a new, more physically based ice microphysics scheme (Predicted Particle Properties, P3) that abandons ice hydrometeor size class separation into the ECHAM-HAM GCM, coupled to a new approach for calculating cloud fractions that increases the relative humidity (RH) thresholds for cirrus cloud formation, motivated a reassessment of CCT efficacy. In this study, we first compared CCT sensitivity between the new cloud fraction approach and the original ECHAM-HAM cloud fraction approach. Consistent with previous approaches using ECHAM-HAM, with the P3 scheme and the higher RH thresholds for cirrus cloud formation, we do not find a significant cooling response in any of our simulations. The most notable response from our extreme case is the reduction in the maximum global-mean net top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative anomalies from overseeding by about 50 %, from 9.9 W m−2 with the original cloud fraction approach down to 4.9 W m−2 using the new cloud fraction RH thresholds that allow partial grid-box coverage of cirrus clouds above ice saturation, unlike the original approach. Even with this reduction with the updated cloud fraction approach, the TOA anomalies from overseeding far exceed those reported in previous studies. We attribute the large positive TOA anomalies to seeding particles overtaking both homogeneous nucleation and heterogeneous nucleation on mineral dust particles within cirrus clouds to produce more numerous and smaller ice crystals. This effect is amplified by longer ice residence times in clouds due to the slower removal of ice via sedimentation in the P3 scheme. In an effort to avoid this overtaking effect of seeding particles, we increased the default critical ice saturation ratio (Si,seed) for ice nucleation on seeding particles from the default value of 1.05 to 1.35 in a second sensitivity test. With the higher Si,seed we drastically reduce overseeding, which suggests that Si,seed is a key factor to consider for future CCT studies. However, the global-mean TOA anomalies contain high uncertainty. In response, we examined the TOA anomalies regionally and found that specific regions only show a small potential for targeted CCT, which is partially enhanced by using the larger Si,seed. Finally, in a seasonal analysis of TOA responses to CCT, we find that our results do not confirm the previous finding that high-latitude wintertime seeding is a feasible strategy to enhance CCT efficacy, as seeding in our model enhances the already positive cirrus longwave cloud radiative effect for most of our simulations. Our results also show feedbacks on lower-lying mixed-phase and liquid clouds through the reduction in ice crystal sedimentation that reduces cloud droplet depletion and results in stronger cloud albedo effects. However, this is outweighed by stronger longwave trapping from cirrus clouds with more numerous and smaller ice crystals. Therefore, we conclude that CCT is unlikely to act as a feasible climate intervention strategy on a global scale.


This paper focuses on a further exploration of multimodal locomotion governed by bio-inspired central pattern generators (CPGs). To pursue a better swimming performance, an updated robotic fish is constructed. Besides the improved hardware devices involving higher torque servomotors and powerful processors, some innovative mechanical designs are taken into consideration. Specifically, a well-streamlined shape like Esox lucius and a yawing head joint contribute to reduce hydrodynamic drag and strengthen turning ability. A pair of flexible pectoral fins with four degrees of freedom is to enhance the capability of three-dimensional locomotion and to enrich multiple swimming motions. Further discussion on how characteristic parameters in CPGs including frequency, amplitude, and phase relationship impact the swimming performance is also presented. Finally, the robotic fish successfully gains more powerful capability of multimodal locomotion containing forward swimming, backward swimming, turning, diving, and ascending. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of mechanism design and adaptability of multimodal locomotion governed by CPGs.


The purpose of this study is to identify teachers' and students' attitudes toward using Information and Communication Technologies in teaching English and the reasons behind not using ICT by some English teachers. In addition, this study aims to find out the differences in teachers' attitudes toward using ICT in teaching English due to their gender and teaching experience. To collect the data, the researcher used both qualitative and quantitative methods. The researcher distributed 100 questionnaires to the teachers and 100 questionnaires to the students. The researcher also conducted interviews with 7 English language supervisors, 27 English teachers and 36 students from the fifth to ninth grades in central and northern Hebron basic schools. To analyze the data collected through questionnaires, the researcher used the statistical analysis method by using (SPSS). To analyze the data collected through interviews, the researcher used the content analysis method. The results of the study show that English teachers have positive attitudes toward using ICT. Results also show that the main reason for not using ICT by some English teachers is demanding extra work from them. Moreover, the study show that both male and female teachers have positive attitudes toward using ICT in teaching English, but female teachers use ICT inside the classrooms more than male teachers. Results also show that novice teachers have more positive attitudes toward using ICT in teaching English than experienced teachers. The more experience teachers have, the less they use ICT in teaching. Results also show that Palestinian students in central and northern Hebron basic schools have high positive attitudes toward using ICT by their teachers. Students believe that the best way to learn English is when their teachers integrate both ICT and the traditional method in the lesson and not to ignore any of them.


An ab-initio cluster calculation of the electronic d-states in VO$sub 2$ has been made by using the self-consistent statistical exchange multiple scattering method. VO$sub 6$$sup 8-$ octaedron was used to represent the tetragonal phase, and a V$sub 2$O$sub 10$$sup 12-$ cluster with paired vanadium atoms was used for the monoclinic phase. Our results are in conflict with an explanation of the semiconducting gap in terms of simple distortion-induced band splitting. (FR)


Partnership managers work within specific industries, extending and consolidating their industry′s links with education. This account looks at the experience of the retail sector′s partnership manager. It examines the process from marketing a concept; the aims and benefits of partnership to how these are being translated into action. There is also an account of the United States′ experience of education business partnerships; included because some of the strategies are similar but also because it highlights the United Kingdom′s strengths and advantages.


Simple Summary The analytic appropriateness and general applicability of lymph node-related risk factors used to predict long-term outcomes in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma need to be validated. This study aimed to assess detailed lymph node-related risk factors and suggest new risk categories. In the present study, using the K-means clustering algorithm, we determined new cutoffs for lymph node variables besides extranodal extension: 0.2 cm and 1.1 cm for the maximal diameter of metastatic lymph node foci, 4 and 13 for the number of metastatic lymph nodes, and 0.28 and 0.58 for the metastatic lymph node ratio; new lymph node risk categories were suggested. The recurrence-free survival curves of each subgroup classified by these newly determined cutoffs showed significant differences. These newly developed risk categories might be considered when redefining risk stratification or staging systems. Abstract Background: Lymph node (LN)-related risk factors have been updated to predict long-term outcomes in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, those factors' analytic appropriateness and general applicability must be validated. This study aimed to assess LN-related risk factors, and suggest new LN-related risk categories. Methods: This multicenter observational cohort study included 1232 patients with PTC with N1 disease treated with a total thyroidectomy and neck dissection followed by radioactive iodine remnant ablation. Results: The median follow-up duration was 117 months. In the follow-up period, structural recurrence occurred in 225 patients (18.3%). Among LN-related variables, the presence of extranodal extension (p < 0.001), the maximal diameter of metastatic LN foci (p = 0.029), the number of retrieved LNs (p = 0.003), the number of metastatic LNs (p = 0.003), and the metastatic LN ratio (p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for structural recurrence. Since these factors showed a nonlinear association with the hazard ratio of recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates, we calculated their optimal cutoff values using the K-means clustering algorithm, selecting 0.2 cm and 1.1 cm for the maximal diameter of metastatic LN foci, 4 and 13 for the number of metastatic LN, and 0.28 and 0.58 for the metastatic LN ratio. The RFS curves of each subgroup classified by these newly determined cutoff values showed significant differences (p < 0.001). Each LN risk group also showed significantly different RFS rates from the others (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In PTC patients with an N1 classification, our novel LN-related risk estimates may help predict long-term outcomes and design postoperative management and follow-up strategies. After further validation studies based on independent datasets, these risk categories might be considered when redefining risk stratification or staging systems.


The bit-flipping(BF) algorithm of low density parity check(LDPC) code has low computation complexity and great practicability.On the basis of studying simple BF,WBF and RRWBF,an improved BF algorithm is proposed on considering the reliability ratio and absolute value of symbol.The proposed algorithm flips more than one bit in each iteration.Simulation results indicate that compared with RRWBF,the error rate of the proposed algorithm with 5 dB is improved from 10-3 to 10-4.


Balhae is main component of east Asia and can be an existence like a window
to get a view of east Asia not only of the present but also of the past.
In the textbook of history of Japanese middle school, more explanation is needed about Balhae to understand its context. But in the textbook of history of Japanese high school, fuller explanation is given than that in quantity and in quality.
In the textbook of history of middle school, though it's described Balhae is almost founded by descendants of Koguryo, interchange or indication of territory between Balhae and Japan is limited to assistant position to explain Japanese history .
In the textbook of history of high school, it's described Balhae is resigned to Japanese treatment as a tributary or a country to pay taxes because Balhae can make a profit on economy and support of Japan from military threatening of Tang and Shila. Thus Balhae is described as a kind of backward country. It's partial to domestic angle too much, so correct errors is needed.


In Chapters 3 and 4, we studied major changes in the thermophysical properties of a flow as it traverses a turbine or compressor stage. The analysis then was onedimensional, with the underlying assumption that average flow properties will prevail midway between the endwalls. Categorized as a pitch-line flow model, this "bulk-flow" analysis proceeds along the "master" streamline (or pitch line), with no attention given to any lateral flow-property gradients. However, we know of, at least, one radius-dependent variable, namely the tangential "solid-body" velocity vector (U) . The question addressed in this chapter is how the other thermophysical properties vary along the local annulus height at any streamwise location. The stator and rotor inlet and exit stations, being important "control" locations, are particularly important in this context. In the following, the so-called radial equilibrium equation is derived and specific simple solutions offered. Despite the flow-model simplicity, the radial-equilibrium equation enables the designer early on to take a look at preliminary magnitudes of such important variables as the hub and tip reactions prior to the detailed design phase. Assumptions For any axial stator-to-rotor or interstage gap in Figure 6.1, the following assumptions are made: 1) The flow is under a steady-state condition. 2) The flow is inviscid as well as adiabatic. 3) The flow is axisymmetric (i.e., θ-independent). 4) There are no radial shifts of the meridional streamlines (Fig. 6.2).


The deep learning literature is continuously updated with new architectures and training techniques. However, weight initialization is overlooked by most recent research, despite some intriguing findings regarding random weights. On the other hand, recent works have been approaching Network Science to understand the structure and dynamics of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) after training. Therefore, in this work, we analyze the centrality of neurons in randomly initialized networks. We show that a higher neuronal strength variance may decrease performance, while a lower neuronal strength variance usually improves it. A new method is then proposed to rewire neuronal connections according to a preferential attachment (PA) rule based on their strength, which significantly reduces the strength variance of layers initialized by common methods. In this sense, PA rewiring only reorganizes connections, while preserving the magnitude and distribution of the weights. We show through an extensive statistical analysis in image classification that performance is improved in most cases, both during training and testing, when using both simple and complex architectures and learning schedules. Our results show that, aside from the magnitude, the organization of the weights is also relevant for better initialization of deep ANNs.


This seminar paper reviews on heart water in domestic animals with respect to itsepidemiology, treatment, prevention and control. Heart water or cowdriosis is and peracute, acute, and subacute, non contagious and tick borne rickettsia disease of ruminants caused by Rickettsiaruminantiumand transmitted by Amblyomma ticks. It occurs in nearly all subSaharan countries of Africa and affects domestic and wild ruminant species. The organism multiplies in vascular endothelial cells throughout the body and in the reticulum cells of the lymph nodes. The disease is characterized by fever, nervous signs, hydro-pericardium, hydrothorax, ascites, edema of the lungs, and high mortality. The diagnosis of the heart water depends on the history, clinical sign, and epidemiological and postmortem examination. Tetracycline antibiotics (especially oxytetracycline) are very effective in the treatment of heart water especially when animals are treated early in the course of the disease. However, in the later stage of the diseases the treatment is not effective so that prevention and tick control is the best way of diseases eradication. This tick borne illness is highly economical significant due to their higher morbidity and mortality as a result of lack of awareness and information about epidemiology, prevention and control of the diseases. Therefore, the veterinarians consider the development of all aspects of heart water research, including vector ecology and control, epidemiology and socioeconomics, as well as vaccine development.


The technical program and contract model as well as project management system and preliminary design defined in the early stage of nuclear power project are the key condition impact on the quality, schedule and cost of the nuclear power project. This paper, taking the CPR1000 coastal nuclear power station as an example, analyzes the critical path in the early stage of nuclear power project for five fields, i.e. licensing, design and procurement, site preparation, tender of construction contracts and construction preparation, and organization.


The formulae for the median (fifth decile) is well defined in the literature. But the formulae for other deciles available in the literature are conflicting in the sense that they do not divide the ordered sample observations into ten segments having the same number of observations in each. It is observed that the ranks of a particular decile for any two sample sizes with a fixed remainder, with respect to modulus10, differs by an integer. The remainder is also observed to be the number of deciles having integer ranks. Prompted by these ideas, the remainder and the usual linear interpolation are exploited to find deciles.


This paper focuses on a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) application to Energy-from-Waste (EfW) boiler systems, which are much smaller than utility boilers, but typically have more complicated design and performance issues due to the nature of their fuel: municipal solid waste (MSW). The majority of the commercially available CFD software packages have impressive capabilities in homogeneous flow modeling, which make them very suitable for gas fired boilers and with some reasonable simplifications to oil and pulverized coal fired boilers. But this is not the case for EfW boilers, especially mass-burn technology, where MSW combustion on the grate is the "heart" of the process. These boilers have two interacting phases: MSW burning on the grate and combustion products with entrained fly ash particles above the grate. This challenge has been recognized from the very first applications of CFD modeling in the EfW industry. This paper describes several approaches to numeric modeling of MSW boilers. In the most successful cases, two different models have been built: one for the grate combustion and another for the homogeneous gas flow, with back-and-forth iterations between these two models. Such an approach has given Covanta Energy (Covanta) a good start in its CFD modeling program. A number of models have been built, tested and validated, resulting in several successful project executions. However, some serious limitations have been found in this approach as explained in this paper. Recognizing these deficiencies, Covanta has recently made a new significant step in its CFD development program by creating an innovative, fully integrated CFD model that comprises solid fuel combustion on the grate, gaseous phase interactions above the grate, and the rest of the boiler. While this integrated model and its validation are still in progress, Covanta is moving forward on its application to on-going projects.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Andrographolide was acetylated with acetic anhydride to form acetyl andrographolide and then the anti-microbial activities of acetyl andrographolide and andrographolide to some bacteria,mildews and yeasts and phyto-pathogens and their allelopathic effects on such crops as wheat,radish,green vegetables and cucumber were compared.It was shown that acetyl andrographolide exerted weaker anti-microbial influence on a minority of the tested microbes than andrographolide,but stronger anti-microbial influence on a minority of the tested microbes than andrograp holide, but stronger anti-microbial influence on a majority of the tested microbes, and particularly remarkably stronger anti-microbial activities to Bacillus subtilis, Rhigopus nigricans and Sourdough starter B13 and Phytophthora capsici than andrographolide at higher concentrations; the two substances appeared helpful to seed germinations of the seeds and the root lengths and plant heights of the seedlings in the tested crops at low concentrations and inhibitory to them at high concentrations.


Much of life on Earth owes its spectacular success to a rather important evolutionary transition—from single-celled organisms to multicellularity—which has occurred independently in many lineages, enabling the differentiation of cells to perform the highly specialized functions that we see in living fungi, plants, and animals. However, whereas all clones of single-celled organisms have a relatively equal chance of dividing and propagating their genes, most multicellular organisms entrust the propagation of their genes to a few select germline cells amidst a sea of non-reproductive somatic cells. At this point, the fitness of individual cells and the fitness of the entire organism become decoupled. Anytime complexity increases through evolution, one must ask how selection at the lower level of organization (i.e., the individual cell) doesn't disrupt the integration at higher levels of organization (i.e., a multicellular organism) by favoring selfishness. There are some general evolutionary hypotheses that have been offered to explain why and how multicellularity and the division of labor between somatic and germline cells evolved, as well as the conditions under which these developments would be expected. Clearly, organisms with differentiated cells can experience many fitness advantages, such as the ability to grow larger and exploit novel resources. And along with these advantages come costs, such as the energy and materials that must be allocated towards growth and maintenance, rather than reproduction. However, there are more subtle, but no less important, constraints on an organism's ability to acquire resources, grow, metabolize, and reproduce that might also influence the evolution of cellular differentiation. One idea that has been suggested, but not yet fully developed, is that the evolution of multicellular organisms with separate somatic and reproductive cells might be influenced by constraints on the preservation of genetic information. Most of the ''work'' performed by a cell—that is, the production and use of energy—takes place in the mitochondria and chloroplasts (in eukaryotes) or across membranes (in prokaryotes). As a byproduct of this work, reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide are generated. In turn, these byproducts can create oxidative stress in a cell, one result of which can be mutations to that cell's DNA. Here, the idea of the so-called ''dirty work'' hypothesis is that the advent of cellular differentiation allows the organism to separate the energetically costly and potentially mutagenic processes into their somatic cells, while protecting their genomes within germline cells that need perform little work. While this and other theories about the evolution of multicellularity and cellular differentiation are intriguing, empirical evidence is less forthcoming. Some studies in yeasts and cellular slime molds, among others, have provided a few clues. But the time scales necessary to observe and manipulate the processes driving the evolution of cellular differentiation are typically prohibitive. Unless, that is, one could reproduce the evolutionary process in a realistic, but tractable way. That is just what Goldsby et al. did in this issue of PLOS Biology. To explore the role of the dirty work hypothesis in the differentiation of somatic and germline cells, Goldsby et al. performed a series of evolutionary experiments on populations of digital organisms. What's a digital organism? In this case, digital organisms have a genome that comprises a fully functional computer program. These genetic programs can process numbers that flow into and out of their habitat to perform computational logic functions (e.g., AND, NOT, XOR) which order to gain resources. These genomes mutate at some defined probability, and the organisms differentially survive and reproduce as a function of their ability to acquire resources (i.e., when enough functions are executed). With this basic framework in hand, any number of evolutionary questions can be investigated simply by defining the parameters in which the digital organisms interact. In this case, the authors explored whether and how these simple multicellular individuals make the transition to having non-reproducing somatic cells and reproductive germline cells. They established a series of evolutionary experiments


The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of single layers of Iron Dichloride (FeCl2) were calculated using first principles calculations. We found that the 1T phase of the single layer FeCl2 is 0.17 eV/unit cell more favorable than its 1H phase. The structural stability is confirmed by phonon calculations. We found that 1T-FeCl2 possess three Raman-active (130, 179, and 237 cm−1) and one infrared-active (279 cm−1) phonon branches. The electronic band dispersion of the 1T-FeCl2 is calculated using both gradient approximation of Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof and DFT-HSE06 functionals. Both functionals reveal that the 1T-FeCl2 has a half-metallic ground state with a Curie temperature of 17 K.


In 1968, workers at Pierce Chemical Company (Rockford, IL) claimed that the technique of trimethylsilylation (TMS) appeared to have a number of applications in the field of organic analyses and synthesis. Trimethylsilylation, now shortened to "silylation," is a process for replacing labile protons in polar compounds with a trimethylsilyl [-Si(CH,)3] group. The TMS group was readily introduced into a wide variety of organic compounds containing active hydrogen, such as -OH, -COOH, -SH, -NH2, and =NH. Thus, the compounds which are amenable to silylation include carbohydrates, alcohols and phenols, organic acids, hydroxyamines, and amino acids. TMS derivatives are highly volatile and thermally stable and have been used extensively for analysis of dry sugars by gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry. *-* In 1971, the Pierce Chemical Co. introduced a new reagent for silylation, TRI-SIL Z, which is a 21% (wh) mixture of N-trimethylimidazole (TSMI) in dry pyridine (1.5 meq/mL). TRI-SIL Z was claimed to be useful in the derivatization of hydroxy compounds, especially carbohydrates, and could be used in the presence of water providing enough reagent is present to react with both water and ample.^ Our effort was directed to analyze lactose in solutions derived from cheese-whey that also contained vitamins and salts. Preliminary experiments showed that TRI-SIL Z was not a suitable reagent for complete silylation of both the water and lactose contained in fermentation samples where the lactose concentration ranged from 0 to 200 g/L. However, a new reagent that was more concentrated in the silylator agent (TSMI) was prepared which appeared to be suitable for the required range of concentrations and also for the accurate determination of other sugars such as glucose, sucrose, cellobiose, and maltose in dilute aqueous solutions. Although other methods for analyzing lactose and other sugars are available, such as enzymatic


Slices from rat hippocampus were incubated with the caspase‐3 inhibitor N‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐Asp‐Glu‐Val‐Asp fluoromethylketone (Z‐DEVD‐FMK) or with the inactive peptide N‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐Phe‐Ala fluoromethylketone (Z‐Phe‐Ala‐FMK) for 30 min. The peptides changed neither input–output curves nor paired‐pulse effects at 70‐msec interpulse intervals, nor amplitudes of pop spikes in the CA1 region 1.0–6.9 hr after the incubation. Slices taken 1.0–1.4 hr after Z‐DEVD‐FMK or inactive peptide treatment demonstrated similar long‐term potentiation (LTP) curves; however, LTP was suppressed significantly (P < 0.001) 1.5–3.4 hr after Z‐DEVD‐FMK treatment when compared to the corresponding inactive peptide group. LTP magnitude correlated with time after Z‐DEVD‐FMK (r = −0.74; P < 0.02) but did not depend on time after the inactive peptide treatment. After 3.5 hr, LTP was blocked completely. Z‐DEVD‐FMK did not have a significant effect on presynaptic function. The results are the first evidence that inhibition of caspase‐3 significantly decreases or fully blocks LTP in the CA1 region and suggest that caspase‐3 is essential for LTP. Candidate caspase‐3 substrates that may be cleaved for LTP induction and maintenance are discussed. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The lipid compositions, fatty acid compositions, positional distributions of fatty acids in glycerides, and molecular species of phospholipids of L. starkeyi, cultured in the glucose sufficient and the glucose deficient media were compared.Under the glucose sufficient condition, the triglyceride content increased, accompanied by the remarkable increase of C16:0–C18:1–C18:0. The phospholipid content also increased with the variations of the compositions of molecular species in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine.Under the glucose deficient condition, the triglyceride content remarkably decreased, especially in C18:1–C18:1–C18:1. The compositions of phospholipid molecular species were considerably different from those of the glucose sufficient condition.


Abstract The dynamic and static nature of various neutral hydrogen bonds (nHBs) is elucidated with quantum theory of atoms‐in‐molecules dual functional analysis (QTAIM‐DFA). The perturbed structures generated by using the coordinates derived from the compliance force constants (Cij) of internal vibrations are employed for QTAIM‐DFA. The method is called CIV. The dynamic nature of CIV is described as the "intrinsic dynamic nature", as the coordinates are invariant to the choice of the coordinate system. nHBs are, for example, predicted to be van der Waals (H2Se−✶−HSeH; ✶=bond critical point), t‐HBnc (typical‐HBs with no covalency: HI−✶−HI), t‐HBwc (t‐HBs with covalency: H2C=O−✶−HI), CT‐MC [molecular complex formation through charge transfer (CT): H2C=O−✶−HF], and CT‐TBP (trigonal bipyramidal adduct formation through CT: H3N−✶−HI) in nature. The results with CIV were the same as those with POM in the calculation errors, for which the perturbed structures were generated by partial optimization, and the interaction distances in question were fixed suitably in POM. The highly excellent applicability of CIV for QTAIM‐DFA was demonstrated for the various nHBs, as well as for the standard interactions previously reported. The stability of the HBs, evaluated by ΔE, is well correlated with Cij (ΔE×Cij=constant value of −165.64), and the QTAIM parameters, although a few deviations were detected.


The plug-in of Silver light released by Microsoft has brought a rich visual experience for the Internet. Regrettably, it does not support the three-dimensional display. In order to develop the three-dimensional display performance of Silver light and to establish accurate three-dimensional coordinate system, the paper realizes a method using the global matrix stack to display the three-dimensional graphics in Silver light. The basic operations, such as rotation, translation, scaling can be smoothly carried out in the browser.


An electrode tab having an electrical insulation layer coated thereon and a secondary battery comprising the same according to an aspect of the present invention can have a more improved electrical insulation effect.


Current study analyses the effect of splenectomy on outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for patients with β-thalassemia major (TM). Twenty-two class II and III (according to Nanfang's criteria, see Blood, 2012;120 (19): 3875-3881) patients with TM had a pre-transplant splenectomy. The outcomes of the 22 transplants were compared with 193 transplants in class II and III patients between Aug. 2008 and Dec. 2013. Patients in the splenectomy group were older (8.9±5.0 vs. 6.0±3.5 year old; p=0.001) and class III patients were more (8/22 vs. 10/193, p=0.001) than non-splenectomy. In splenectomy group 10 patients received graft from HLA matched sibling, 9 from unrelated donors and 3 from haploidentical parents plus unrelated cord blood, respectively. In non-splenectomy group 82 patients received graft from matched sibling and 121 from unrelated donors, respectively. 213 cases engrafted in 4 weeks, Splenectomized patients had a significantly shorter time to absolute neutrophil count >500/mm 3 (14.5±5.2 vs 19±4.2 days p=0.001). There were no significantly different at time to platelet >2000/mm 3 (16.2±5.8 vs 16.1±5.3 days, p=0.415) and hemoglobin >80g/L (15.3±4.8 vs 13.1±5.3 days p=0.135). Secondary rejection occurred in 2 patients (at 3 rd month and 4 th month post transplantation, respectively) in splenectomy group, but rescued successfully by second transplants from unrelated donor one year later and from haploidentical parent two years later, respectively. The patients received graft from father, one died of complications of VOD; other died of lung infection on forty-five days post transplantation. Two patients rejected their grafts in non-splenectomy group. The mean RBC transfusion was 4u (0u-12u). The mean platelet transfusion in splenectomy group had reduced (4.4±4.5 vs 7.1±4.8 units p=0.016), with 17 patients transfused less than 6u Platelet. The incidence of acute and chronic GVHD, late infections were rare and not significantly different between the two groups. No patients died of infection due to splenectomy. Patients underwent HSCT after splenectomy had a high rate of OS (95.5% vs 92.8% p=0.001). Although TFS was lower in splenectomy group than non-splenectomy group (88.5% vs 92.3% p=0.001), this may be due to more older, class III patients and higher rate of rejection (2/22 vs 2/193). Conclusion, our study showed pre-transplant splenectomy patients with β-thalassemia major was associated with faster engraftment and decreased require of platelet and bloodtransfusion support. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The treatment of (2E,4Z)-2,4-alkadienoic esters with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) at −80 °C gave (3E,5E)-isomers with 81–98% stereoselectivity. In contrast, the treatment of (2E,4E)-isomers under the same conditions gave (3E,5Z)-isomers with 72–80% stereoselectivity. The application to the synthesis of megatomoic acid is described. Carbon-13 NMR data regarding these 3,5-dienoates were obtained.