that the masculine basis of the morphological system is still firmly ingrained, and that change is very slow, if sure. Wilmet (399—409) offers an alternative analysis of the demonstrative adjective, in particular ce and its variants, based on endophoric (anaphoric and cataphoric) and exophoric (in praesentia and in absentia) relations; and concludes that partitive forms such as (un) de ce(s) may also be considered as demonstrative adjectives. The contributions in this book by so many respected scholars on such a wide range of topics is a tribute both to the esteem in which David Gaatone is held, and the breadth of his linguistic interests. I conclude my brief survey of just some of those contributions with this hommage from N. Ruwet (355): 'David Gaatone, grand linguiste modeme . . . qui a toujours su combiner l'etude de problemes theoriques, l'observation scrupuleuse des faits, et une vaste erudition.' Dulcie M. Engel Department of French University of Wales Swansea


As an important component of the infrastructure of modern agriculture,installation agriculture brings about an motivation and a bright future for agricultural modernization in China.The improvement of installation agriculture is the major content of pushing forward the process of modern agricultural scale and it is also important to develop the potential of agricultual inner revenue-enhancement and increase farmers' income.Based on the on-the-spot investigation of the situation of installation agriculture in four cities of Jiangsu,this paper analyzes the status quo and problems in installation agriculture and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions suitable for the development of modernized installation agriculture in China.


Irregularities inside the fluid flow in laser fusion cutting of sheet metals cause quality defects like large striation depths or adhered dross. Trim‐cut analysis is used to measure the flow velocities of the molten material by high speed imaging. The so‐called streak analysis creates a repetitive pattern for multiple melt waves and the angle of these patterns is assignable to specific flow velocities. In this article, a discrete fourier transform is used to automatically determine the spatial distribution of flow velocities. The results show that identifying the velocity domains and assigning them to the parameters of the cutting process and quality characteristics is a promising approach to enhance the understanding and to achieve higher quality cuts.


For (λ,a)∈ C* × C, let fλ,a be the rational map defined by fλ,a(z) = λ z2 (az+1)/(z+a). If α∈ R/Z is a Brjuno number, we let Dα be the set of parameters (λ,a) such that fλ,a has a fixed Herman ring with rotation number α (we consider that (e2iπα,0)∈ Dα). Results obtained by McMullen and Sullivan imply that, for any g∈ Dα, the connected component of Dα(C* × (C/{0,1})) that contains g is isomorphic to a punctured disk.


Objective: To determine whether the Bryan disc prosthesis can provide relief and maintain stability and segmental motion or not through objective neurologic symptoms and signs evaluation. Methods: 18 patients(22 discs) with symptomatic cervical radiculopathy andor myelopathy underwent implantation with the Bryan prosthesis after a standard anterior cervical discectomy. As scheduled follow-up periods(6 to 20 months, average 14 months), the effectiveness of the device was characterized by evaluating each patient's pain, neurologic function, and radiographically measured range of motion at the implanted level. Results: JOA improved from average 12 grades preoperatively to 15.5 postoperatively. The dynamic radiographs showed that the flexion-extension range of motion per level averaged from preoperative 11.8±5.8 degrees to postoperative 11.2±5.4 degrees, and from 11.9±5.8 degrees to 11.4±4.9 degrees at the adjacent segment(P0.05). No devices explanted. Conclusions: Discectomy and implantation of the device alleviates neurologic symptoms and signs similar to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Radiographic evidence supports maintenance of motion. The procedure is safe and the patients recover quickly. Successive follow-up will be needed to assess the long-term functionality of the prosthesis and protective influence on adjacent levels.


Purpose: Despite renewed interest in limb lengthening in western countries, the method is not widely used in Africa where congenital or acquired malformations produce a significant number of indications. We reviewed the first cases of limb lengthening procedures performed over the last five years. Material and methods: The series included ten patients, five male five female, mean age 16.3 years (5–28). Indications for lengthening procedures were limb length discrepancy which was painful, bothersome, or disabling (n=8) or loss of bone substance (n=3). Indications were established after history taking, physical and radiographic examinations (telemetry of the lower limbs to determine leg length discrepancy or identify gap, or to identify associated anomalies). The classical technique was used: external fixator, osteotomy, progressive lengthening, 1 mm/d after a latency period. Results: Initially mean length discrepancy was 7.8 cm (range 3 – 16). Mean duration of external fixation was 207.9 days (60–294). The de Bastiani consolidation index was 24 d/cm. Nine complications were recorded and there was one therapeutic failure requiring amputation. Discussion: Limping due to congenital or acquired leg length discrepancy is common in our region. When seen late, the discrepancy is generally greater than in western countries (mean in our series greater than in the literature) and is often associated with multiple anomalies further complicating therapeutic management (prolonged use of external fixation). Filling bone gaps by lengthening techniques is a very attractive solution which could avoid numerous amputations in the African setting. Conclusion: Limb lengthening procedures remains a difficult technique to implement in Africa. This challenging situation is even more stimulating due to the very great potential for patient benefit.


The point or departure in V. I. Lenin's investigation of logical problems is the same as that of G. W. Hegel – dissatisfaction with the then traditional logic. But V. I. Lenin's arguments for the necessity of constructing the theory of dialectical logic differ from those of G. W. Hegel. Problems of dialectical logic are raised in V. I. Lenin's works in connection with the philosophical generalizations of achievements of natural science and, on the other hand, in connection with rendering methodological basis for dialectical materialism itself. V. I. Lenin's logical ideas were thoroughly assimilated when mathematical logic gained popularity in our country. It is only with due regard for achievements of the latter that the question of the problems of dialectical logic can be solved. The paper supports the standpoint of those Soviet logicians who take dialectical logic as a metatheory, i.e., science connected with the development of other sciences.


By suitably configuring an arrangement of transition dipoles, it proves possible to design parallel planar arrays of optical donor and acceptor particles such that the transfer of energy from any single donor, to its counterpart in the opposing plane, can be switched by throughput laser radiation of an appropriate intensity, frequency and polarization. As the resonance energy transfer is itself mediated electromagnetically, the device operates as an optical transistor based on laser-assisted energy transfer.


Based on previous work (Darkes, Greenbaum, & Goldman, 1998), we evaluated the effects of item order and ambiguity on factor structure using items from the Disinhibition subscale of the Sensation Seeking Scales Form V (Zuckerman, 1979). Participants completed the items with order of item-group (alcohol, sex, ambiguous) presentation manipulated between respondents. The factor structure varied as a function of item-group order. In addition, factor covariances varied across the 3 item orders as a function of item-group order. Apparently, ambiguous items were interpreted differently (as related either to alcohol use or to sexual behavior) depending on the content of items that preceded them. Results suggest that item order and ambiguity are important considerations in assessment.


A system for detecting when a plunger reaches a bottom of a well includes a pressure sensor configured to measure a pressure of the well and provide a measured pressure output. Derivative calculation circuitry calculates a derivative of the measured pressure output. Detection circuitry detects when the plunger reaches the bottom of the well based upon the calculated derivative.


The materials comprehensive research steppe biogeocenosis located near Buzuluksky boron. Found that around a pine forest ecotone formed, the territory on which a set of attributes (hydrothermal and water regimes, soil properties, plant species composition, soil and terrestrial fauna) corresponds Ecosystem Indicators forest-steppe zone.


This paper presents the design of a parameterisable multiplication-accumulation unit for integrated digital signal processing devices. It is especially suited for macrocell based customised signal processors as proposed by [1]. The complete architecture including the data-path and associated control are described. Estimates of the chip area and speed are presented based on a 3 µm CMOS cell library. The essential advantage of the proposed design is that the time taken for ann-bit byn-bit multiplication of two signals is(n/4)+1processor cycles where each cycle only requires the shifted values of two numbers to be added to a third number using a carry-save and a carry-propagate adder. Compared to conventional shifter-adder based multiplication units this leads to an improvement in the throughput by approximately a factor 4 with one-third the area of a fully hardwired array multiplier for a 16×16 bit multiplication.


In this paper I examine the collective action problem surrounding the Spratly Islands dispute, particularly the distributional conflict dimension. Given the relative gains issue that underlies the lack of cooperation among the claimants, I present an alternative process for the fair division of sovereignty that accounts for the claims and interests of all parties: the Win-to- Select Procedure (WSP). This two-stage method involves a point allocation process to determine each player's share of territory, and sequencing, which creates the order by which players select territory. To demonstrate WSP, I refer to a model in which the goal of each state is to maximize its geographic security. The results suggest that WSP yields envy-free and efficient gains for players. I conclude that WSP is a constructive starting point for altering the noncooperative behavior among the claimants and reaching a fair political settlement on the Spratly Islands dispute.


Build and manage a scalable storage infrastructure with Oracle Automatic Storage Management

Streamline data management and provisioning using Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) and the detailed information contained in this exclusive Oracle Press resource. Written by a team of database experts, Oracle Automatic Storage Management: Under-the-Hood & Practical Deployment Guide explains how to build and maintain a dynamic, highly available Oracle database storage environment. Inside, you'll learn how to configure storage for Oracle ASM, build disk groups, use data striping and mirroring, and optimize performance. You'll also learn how to ensure consistency across server and storage platforms, maximize data redundancy, and administer Oracle ASM from the command line.

Manage Oracle ASM Instances and configure Oracle RDBMS instances to leverage Oracle ASM
Define, discover, and manage disk storage under Oracle ASM
Create external, normal-redundancy, and high-redundancy disk groups
Add and remove Oracle ASM storage without affecting RDMS instance availability
Learn how Oracle ASM provides even I/O distribution
Work with Oracle ASM directories, files, templates, and aliases
Improve storage performance and integrity using the ASMLIB API
Simplify system administration with the Oracle ASM command line interface
Understand key internal Oracle ASM structures and algorithms

Table of contents
Chapter 1. Storage Stack Overview
Chapter 2. ASM Instances
Chapter 3. ASM Disks
Chapter 4. Diskgroups and Failure Groups
Chapter 5. ASM Space Allocation and Rebalance
Chapter 6. ASMLIB Concepts and Overview
Chapter 7. ASM Files, Aliases, and Templates
Chapter 8. ASM Command-Lane
Chapter 9. Managing Databases in ASM
Chapter 10. ASM Persistent Data Structures
Chapter 11. ASM Operations
Chapter 12. From Discussion to Deployment
Appendix A. ASM and Storage Array Configurations
Appendix B. Troubleshooting ASM
Appendix C. Scripts and Tips
Appendix D. Typical ASM Diskgroup Commands
Appendix E. References
Index


Working with gender equality in teacher education embraces a wide range of policies and practices. Against the backdrop of relevant research on gender in preschools, universities and teacher educat ...


Objective
To evaluate the value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the early diagnosis of non-central small cell lung cancer.

Methods
141 patients wereselected from July 1999 to June 2017, who were diagnosed with small cell lung cancer (stage N2 and N3). They were divided into two groups according to the approach of obtaining histopathological tissuefor diagnosis.49 cases in the experimental group were obtained by EBUS-TBNA, 92 cases in the control group were done by video assisted thoracic surgery (40 cases, 43.5%), mediastinoscopy (1 case, 1.1%), and open procedure (51 case, 55.4%). Survival outcome, time of waiting for the treatment and lengthof stay were analyzed.

Results
There were109 males, 32 females, the range of age is from 16 to 79 years old[(56.21±11.48)years]. 62 lesions located in the upper lobe, 12 in the middle lobe, 56 in the lower lobe, 11 in the middle-lower/-upper lobes. Considering the T stage, there are 7 cases of T1, 61 cases of T2, 45 cases of T3, and 26cases of T4, 2 patients with Tx stage.Compared with conventional approach, EBUS-TBNA saved 10.78 days from admission to the time of receiving treatment [(4.62±0.66)days vs. (15.40±1.61)days, P<0.05], and saved 18.13 days of length of stay [(5.30±0.76)days vs. (23.43±2.44)days, P<0.05]. 5-year survival rate was 31.0% for traditional group and 27.5% for EBUS-TBNA group, there was no significant difference between two groups(P=0.308).

Conclusion
EBUS-TBNA couldsave the waiting days from admission to the time of receiving treatment, and also shorten the total length of stay. EBUS-TBNA was more efficient than conventional approaches (VATS, mediastinoscopy or open procedure) for diagnosing non-central small cell lung cancer with enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes.

Key words:
Small cell lung cancer; Diagnosis, fenl; EBUS-TBNA


Abstract : An artillery propellant under development by the US Army is a granular mixture of 98% nitrocellulose, nitroglycerine, nitroguanidine, and <2% cryolite and graphite. The propellant, Modular Artillery Charge System, or MACS, consists of a single increment of propellant charge contained within a rigid, combustible casing. As part of the process to develop environmental and health effects criteria, a 90-day modified Screening information Data Set reproductive assay was performed. Male and Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with diet containing either 0.0, 0.2, 1.0 or 2.0 g propellant/kg diet. No mortalities occurred and body weights were unaffected by treatment. Methemoglobin concentrations of high-dose rats measured after 28 days and at the conclusion of the study were significantly elevated (23-25%) compared to control rats. Relative organ weights of treated animals did not differ from weights of their respective control groups. No adverse effects occurred in mating or fertility indices. No significant treatment related differences were noted in length of gestation, sex ratio, gestation index, or mean number of pups per litter.


Aim To evaluate the relationship of the erythrocytes immunity and atherosclerosis. Methods Twenty five male rabbits were fed with a high fatty diet for 12 weeks. Serum lipid profile, rosette rate of red blood cell C 3b (RBC C 3bRR), the rosette rate of red blood cell immune complexes (RBC ICR), and circulating immune complexes (CIC) were measured before and after high fatty diet. The intimal medial thickness (IMT) of abdominal aorta were measured by echocardiography at the same time. Results Serum lipid level were elevated,and RBC ICR, CIC, IMT were increased (13.25%± 2.97% vs 20.27%±3.02%, P0.01; 156.60±40.27 μg vs 537.55±141.95 μg, P0.01; 0.32±0.02 mm vs 0.89± 0.19 mm , P0.01), and RBC C 3bRR were decreased (10.36%±2.14% vs 6.44%±1.95%, P0.01) significantly after 12 weeks high fatty diet compared with base line. Linear correlation analysis demonstrated that CIC has a positive relation with IMT(r=0.63, P0.01)and RBC ICR(r=0.86, P0.001). RBC C 3bRR has a negative relation with CIC(r=69, P0.01). Conclusion The decreasing of erythrocytes immune adhesive ability may be an important risk factor of the atherosclerosis.


Traces the origins of Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) in 1938 and recent developments (1994-2005) in the production, refining and exportation of crude oil. Gives an overview of the conditions of employment and industrial relations.


The main places of modern European science and research was not in college,but the academy of sciences or scientific community which was set independently.Paris academy of sciences,the royal society and the Berlin academy,as a representative of the scientific community,are the new atmosphere of modern European scientific research,it marked the preliminary formation of western modern scientific system,and have produced an important influence on the modern higher education.


We present an algorithm for bounding a piece of strip-shaped point cloud without self-intersections with an interval B-spline curve. Firstly we calculate the boundary points of the point cloud, and then bound it with an interval B-spline curve of which two pieces of boundary curves interpolate these boundary points. For the algorithm there are important applications in product shape verification, model design, NC machining, sea-route reconnaissance and weather forecasting, etc. Moreover, the center curve of the interval B-spline curve can serve quite well as the reconstructing curve from the point cloud.


Providing cuts control algorithm for HVAC cooling system. Control algorithm utilizes a fuzzy logic method to automatically regulate the flow of internal system refrigerant so as to maintain a desired pulling rate during pulling-down. Desired pulling rate, the temperature of the liquid to be pulled is reduced in direct proportion to approach the desired operating set point, or overshoot of the operation setpoint is avoided or minimized. Desired pulling rate is obtained by adjusting the speed sensitivity coefficient used in the control algorithm. Temperature of cuts are liquid, if it exceeds the operating setpoint by a predetermined value, the control algorithm uses the fuzzy logic method, the rate sensitivity to provide the desired pull down rate approaching operation setpoint without overshooting decide.


This review article surveys what price guides are available for rare book, manuscript, and special collection libraries. The guides will be reviewed indicating their strengths and weaknesses. Guides to the value of books are useful for librarians, who should be mindful of the observation in the recently published Standards for Ethical Conduct for Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Librarians with Guidelines for Institutional Practice in Support of the Standards , 2nd ed. (see bibliography below): "In the course of working with donors, special collections librarians are often required to advise on market value of books and manuscripts. Although it is . . .


Abstract
Background: The evaluation of the confounders is crucial to accurately estimate the association between environmental factors and diseases. The deterministic sensitivity analysis permits an external adjustment


"dependable and strong" but allies who were "dependable and weak" (p. 296). In explaining this stance, Green's commendable work should be a choice morsel for policy-makers and others to chew on. It is hoped that the State Department has some dog-eared copies it is putting to good use. A Quest for Change in Latin America, edited by W. Raymond Duncan & James Nelson Goodsell, attempts to provide authoritative sources for an in-depth understanding of the ceaseless, militant striving for change that pervades Latin America today: political change, economic change, social change. Changes in every realm of the developing society that will enable it to utilize its full potential, realize its deep aspirations, and attain its desired stature in the world. Of the 89 well selected readings, some are documents, such as Articles 27 and 123 of Mexico's Constitution of 1917, and the Objectives of Bolivia's Agrarian Law promulgated in August, 1953. But most of them are the speeches and writings of influential political spokesmen who played a prominent role in the development of their own countries or of Latin America as a whole. The tone of rising, militant nationalism is explicit or implicit in most of the selections. Almost half of the volume (three of the seven sections) is devoted to nationalism in three nations—Mexico's Revolution of 1910, Cuba's Revolution of 1959, and Chile's "Revolution in Liberty" of 1964. The various spokesmen and writers give vent to their ideas and feelings on a wide variety of controversial issues, such as the North American threat, the European threat, anticlericalism, land reform, and Yankee capitalism. A brief introductory note preceding each reading gives the setting and helps to interpret it. Yet whatever the subject of a particular speech, article, or document, the underlying idea is how to achieve change. For as the editors state,


Ideas of otherness in both nationalism and genocide studies do not sufficiently explain genocidal levels of policy and ideological development, nor do they help identify groups that may be selected in the future for this particular kind of destruction. This article sets out to introduce the typology of 'anti-nation' to the dialogue of nationalism studies in order to more aptly identify prospective groups at risk of future possible genocidal aggression. This article looks to the Armenian genocide to provide analysis for a greater understanding of the way radicalising ideology evolves regarding the anti-nation during the early years of identity development in states radicalising towards genocide.


Due to the stochastic behaviour of fatigue crack propagation resulting from the multifarious uncertainties such as aleatory uncertainty and epistemic uncertainty, a synthetic scheme integrating heterogeneous uncertainty resources is needed to make the prognosis of fatigue crack propagation be accurate. In this paper, an on-line updating strategy combining an adaptively tunable hybrid radial basis function (RBF) network and active Lamb waves based structural health monitoring is proposed for prognosis of fatigue cracks in an aircraft wing. A particle filter and Brownian motion with drift and proportionality coefficients are put forward to dynamically access a posteriori estimation of crack state and model parameters. Because of the advantages of flexibility, electrically stabilized and suitable for complex structure, the sensor layer with an embedded network of distributed piezoelectric transducers is utilized to collect Lamb wave signals describing crack states on-line. A hybrid spatial phase difference-based damage index (DI) is employed to capture the characteristics of Lamb wave signals to quantitatively determine the crack length. Furthermore, fatigue tests on the outboard wing of a real airplane are conducted to substantiate the proposed method. The experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid RBF model can timely trap the dynamic characteristics of sensor signals, and effectively predict the varying tendency of cracks growth. The uncertainties during the prognosis of fatigue cracking propagation can be effectively dealt with by combining the dynamic adjustability and the DIs-based on-line monitoring technique.


We discuss the discrete spectrum induced by bulges on threadlike mesoscopic objects, using two models, a continuous hard-wall waveguide and a discrete tight-binding model with two sorts of atomic orbitals. We show that elongated bulges induce numerous quasibound states. In the discrete model we also evaluate the probability of transition between the localized states and extended ones of the "valence" band. We suggest this as a mechanism governing the porous-silicon luminescence. In addition, the model reproduces the dominance of nonradiative transitions, blue shift for finer textures and luminescence suppression at low temperatures.


The last years, huge masses of data are produced or extracted by computational systems and independent electronic devices. To exploit this resource, novel methods must be employed or the established ones may be altered in order to confront the issues that arise. One of the most fruitful techniques, in order to locate and use information from data sources is clustering, and k-means is a successful representative algorithm which clustersdata according specific characteristics. However, its main disadvantage is the computational complexity which proves the techniques very unproductive to apply on big datasets. Although k-means is a very well studied technique, a fullyoperational distributed version combining the multi-core power of today machines, have not been accepted yet by the scientific community. In this work, a three phase distributed / multi-core version of k-means is presented. The obtained experimental results are very promising and prove the correctness, the scalability, and the effectiveness of the proposed technique.


Small organic molecules, including acetone, methanol, isopropanol, methane, ethane, and ethylene, can be monitored in real time using a new broadly-tunable mid-infrared laser source. This technique will lead to better process control.


Journal of Colloid and Interface Science; vol. 118, No. 2. Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications; vol. 5, No. 3, 3/1984; pp. 157-164. Primary Examiner-Joseph L. Schofer Assistant Examiner-R. H. Delmendo Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Spencer & Frank 57 ABSTRACT Process for preparing a latex of polypyrrole in an aque ous reagent medium containing a ferric salt, a hydro lyzed polyvinyl acetate and a dodecyl sulphate. The films prepared with this conducting latex are ho mogeneous, adhere to metals and metallized glasses and have high conductivity.


The aim of the study was to investigate the water-holding capacity, pH value and color (L* a* b*) of longissimus dorsi muscle (LD) and semitendinosus muscle (ST) of the Croatian Posavina horse breed. Altogether, nine horses had been used for this study. The animals were slaughtered at the age of 18 months. The muscle samples were taken after usual slaughter practice and after the aging period of 14 days (+2 oC). The average pH value of LD muscle was 5.62 and 5.60 for ST muscle. The average value of lightness (L*) for LD muscle was 40.32, while for the redness (a*) was 19.77. The average value of L* for ST muscle was 44.85, whereas for a* value was 18.87. The average value of drip loss of LD muscle was 1.81%, whereas for ST muscle was 2.12%. The obtained results show differences between LD and ST muscles for L* (p≤0,0001) and b* (p≤0,05) color parameters. Except for the drip loss, the results are in line with those reported in the literature. It is expected that the obtained results will contribute to further research related to the meat quality of Croatian Posavina horse breed.


I. Remitz A, Kyllönen H, Granlund H, Reitamo S: Tacrolimus ointment reduces staphylococcal colonization of atopic dermatitis lesions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 107: 196–197. II. Kyllönen H, Remitz A, Mandelin JM, Elg P, Reitamo S. Effect of oneyear intermittent treatment with topical tacrolimus monotherapy on skin collagen synthesis in patients with atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 2004; 150: 1174-1181. III. Kyllönen H, Malmberg P, Remitz A, Rytilä P, Metso T, Helenius I, Haahtela T, Reitamo S. Respiratory symptoms, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and eosinophilic airway inflammation in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2006; 36:192–197. IV. Virtanen H, Kari O, Kari M, Reitamo S. Tacrolimus ointment in the treatment of atopic blepharoconjuntivitis. A retrospective study. Acta Ophth Scand 2006; 84: 693–695. V. Virtanen H, Remitz A, Malmberg P, et al.. Topical tacrolimus for atopic dermatitis. Does it benefit the airways? A four-year follow-up. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120: 1464–1466.


: The advent of technology has overshadowed children's leisure time and deprived them of the opportunity for physical activity. The main target of the current study is to discuss about the methodology of individualized diagnostics of motor activity peculiarities among children during the preschool period. The aspect of physical activity development is of federal importance. The research problem is presented as a search for pedagogical possibilities to optimize the motor activity of a growing person during preschool age. The characteristics of a child's motor activity and transformation factors are described when deviating from the age norm, both in the negative and in the positive direction. In the course of the study, the results were obtained that testify to the high efficiency of diagnostic techniques aimed at identifying the features of the motor activity of children in different types of preschool educational institutions. Distribution of the sample according to the behavioral characteristics of motor activity is possible; according to the profile of the main needs of the subjects and the emotional attitudes of preschoolers to different types of physical activity using color choices.


Abstract Six cases of posthypnotic trauma are presented to illustrate possible psychopathologic symptoms that may be exhibited in subjects following the misuse of hypnosis, particularly for a stage performance. Medical professionals must be made aware of the possibility of immediate as well as long-term deleterious effects that may follow misuse of hypnosis so that those cases which come to the attention of the physician will be properly diagnosed and treated.


Objective To explore the effect of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK)signal transduction pathway on hyperoxia-induced lung injury in rats.Methods Twenty-four Wistar rats aged 3 weeks were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=8):room-air control group,7 d hyperoxia exposure group,and 7 d hyperoxia exposure with inhibitor of JNK intervention group.The rats in hyperoxia exposure group were exposed to high concentration of oxygen [fractional concentration of inspired oxygen(FiO2)≥950 mL·L-1] at normal pressure.The rats in room-air control group were placed in room air(FiO2=210 mL·L-1)at normal pressure.The rats in JNK inhibitor intervention group were intraperitoneally injected 30 mg·kg-1 SP600125 and exposed to hyperoxia 2 h later.The histopathological changes of lung tissues were observed by means of light microscope,therefore the changes of lung W/D weight ratio,total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and lung permeation index were detected.The extent of lung cells apoptosis was analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyltrans-ferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay.The protein level of p-JNK was measured by Western blotting analysis.Results Compared with room-air control group,conspicuous hyperaemia,edema,hemorrhage and extensive inflammation cells infiltration in the lung tissues were significantly observed in 7 d hyperoxia exposure group.The lung W/D weight ratio,total protein in BALF,lung permeation index,cell apoptotic index and the p-JNK protein levels of lung tissues all significantly increased in 7 d hyperoxia exposure group compared with those in room-air control group(Pa0.05).The apoptosis cells were evident in alveolar epithelial cells,distal bronchiolar epithelium and endothelial cells.The histopathological injury of lung tissues,inflammatory effusion,edema were significantly decreased,and the lung W/D weight ratio,total protein in BALF,lung permeation index,cell apoptotic index and the p-JNK protein levels of lung tissues all reduced markedly in 7 d hyperoxia exposure with inhibitor of JNK intervention group compared with those in 7 d hyperoxia exposure group(Pa0.05).Conclusions The activation of JNK signal transduction pathways may initiate under hyperoxia stress and may play a role in promoting inflammation and cells apoptosis in hyperoxia-induced lung injury.Inhibition of JNK signal transduction pathway may be protective for hyperoxia-induced lung injury.


This paper is concerned with reusing and sharing behaviours of component Object Oriented Database Systems in a tightly coupled federated multidatabase system environment. In such a federation, users benefit from exploiting the behaviours available in the participating components that are not available in their local systems so they can capitalise on investment made in writing their code. To facilitate this, users need to know which behaviours can be reused and shared and what are the requirements of reusing and sharing these behaviours. This means that the users will be able to build their integrated federation views augmented with behaviours of their preference.


Objective:To explore life events and social support in patients with alcohol addicts.Methods:62 patients with alcohol addicts(observed group)and 62 normal controls(controlled group)were tested by Life Event Scale(LES)and Social Support Assessment Scale(SSAS).Results:The number and severity of LES total,negative factor,independence factor,work and learning problem factor and family problem factor in the observed group were higher than that of the controlled group,while the total score of SSAS,objective support,subjective support and utilization degree of social support scores in the observed group were significant lower than that in the control group(P0.01).Conclusions:Patients with alcohol addicts have more experience of life events and deficient social support.


AIM: This study analyzed - the diel and vertical dynamics of phytoplankton functional groups in a natural tropical lake (Extremoz Lake, northeast Brazil), to investigate and understand the driver factors of the community during a severe drought period. METHODS: Sampling of the abiotic variables and phytoplankton was performed at intervals of 6 hours over 24 hours in vertical profiles, in dry and rainy seasons (according to the historical average). The phytoplankton species were grouped according to the functional groups' approach sensu Reynolds et al. (2002). RESULTS: October/12 was considered as a dry period (18.4 mm), while March/13, due to the historical average, as a rainy season, due to the low rainfall during the study period (15.7 mm), it was called severe drought. The lake showed thermal and chemical destratification in both periods. Phytoplankton biomass was higher in the dry season and their vertical distribution was stratified in both periods. In both samplings there were less algal biomass during the night. Phytoplankton functional groups of mixed and shallow systems (S1, L0 and K) were descriptors throughout the study period with higher biomass always registered in the group S1, represented by Planktolyngbya limnetica (Cyanobacteria). CONCLUSION: The lack of seasonality observed in this study, due to prolonged drought, may have influenced the pattern of homogeneous behavior in both samplings. This pattern strongly influenced the vertical distribution of phytoplankton in the two periods, with a constancy of dominance of functional descriptors groups.


The orthogonal experimental analysis on preparation of rubberized lightweight aggregate concrete is given.28 days' compressive strength and elastic modulus of concrete are selected for its indexes and three parameters of water cement ratio,rubber powder dosage and polymer cement ratio are selected for its critical importance.Furthermore,the experiment results are analyzed with the methods of range analysis and analysis of variance.The results indicate in order to confect the rubberized lightweight aggregate concrete with suitable compressive strength and lower elastic modulus,low water cement ratio,more rubber powder dosage and adequate polymer could be used.


The 60 GHz unlicensed spectrum (56 GHz to 66 GHz) has received a lot of attention over the last couple of years for enabling over 1 Gbps high speed wireless communications. The propagation characteristics of this unlicensed frequency band is extreme because of the high atmospheric absorption (∼10 dB/km at the sea level). These conditions require highly directive and high gain antennas at both the transmitter and the receiver to maximize the wireless communication throughput. End-Fire antennas [1]–[3] are very good candidates for such applications.


Esophageal adenocarcinoma is the most rapidly increasing solid tumor malignancy in the U.S. and Western Europe. The decline in Helicobacter pylori infection is one proposed reason for the decline in more distal gastric cancers and increase in GE junction adenocarcinomas. Barrett's esophagus is a premalignant precursor of esophageal cancer in two thirds of patients and is associated with chronic esophageal reflux. A large cancer prevention trial in Barrett's esophagus is ongoing using aspirin and proton pump inhibitors. Because of the poor survival achieved with surgery alone, preoperative chemotherapy and combined chemoradiotherapy have been studied to potentially improve survival. The results with preoperative chemotherapy alone have been inconsistent. Combined preoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy achieves pathologic complete responses in up to 20% to 40% of patients, and a recent randomized trial comparing preoperative chemotherapy to combined chemoradiotherapy suggested local control and survival improvements for the addition of radiation therapy to chemotherapy. Trials are now evaluating the addition of bevacizumab and cetuximab to combined modality therapy in esophagogastric cancer. Because trastuzumab improves outcome in HER2-positive advanced esophagogastric cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, adjuvant therapy trials adding trastuzumab to preoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy are in development.


. This paper analyzes whether attitudes, perceived behavior control, subjective norms, and religiosity significantly impact purchase intentions to buy Muslim fashion among Generation Z. This paper hired the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model to predict a person's behavior. The questionnaire data were collected from 273 female Muslim respondents. The results show attitudes, subjective norms, and religiosity are positive and significant, affecting purchase intention, while perceived behavior control does not affect the purchase intention. This finding has several practical implications, such as that Muslim fashion companies should consider enhancing their consumer perception regarding Muslim fashion through the socialization and promotion of Muslim fashion. In addition, the referral strategy might be considered since the colleague and relative plays an important role in increasing the intention to buy. Finally, the Promotional strategy must highlight religious values since religiosity positively correlates with the intention to purchase Muslim fashion.


Mestizaje and ethnicity are key ideas that inform Mexico's 20th-century racial project. But while mestizaje – as an ideology, state project, and daily practice – has been discussed and criticized at length, these roles for ideas about ethnicity and diversity have not. This article deals with some of the theoretical and political implications of the use of ethnicity for race studies in Mexico. The emergence of the idea of ethnicity in the late 1930s was closely linked to the racial project of mestizaje and indigenismo, which was carried out by the formative Mexican state in the decades after the Revolution (1910–1920) and continues to shape today's discourses of multicultural, intercultural, and racial relations in that country. The uncritical deployment of concepts of ethnicity and difference actually hinders the development of an understanding of racism and mestizaje focused squarely on domination.


Direct-action and indirect-action vibrators for compaction of silage in container stores were built for experimental trials. Experimental results indicated that during vibrating compaction the grass layer was compacted intensely for 5-10 min. Therefore, vibrators of this type are suggested for compacting grass layers with thicknesses of 0.5-0.6 m. The determination of comparative pressure as a function of vibration frequency showed that the most effective frequency was 43.96 Hz during the direct-action vibrator compaction of grass. This relationship was determined experimentally by measuring the pressure caused by the vibrator and the effective power while compacting the grass mass in a container. The pressure increase coefficient varied over a wide range of 1.5-6.8. It was established that a centrifugal indirect-action vibrator works well to compact chopped maize (a bulk density of up to 730 kg m-3 was achieved) and works to some extent for mixtures of Caucasian goat's rue (Galegaorientalis Lam.) and red clover (Trifoliumpratense L.). This vibrator is not suitable for compacting either pure red clover or pure Caucasian goat's rue because the compacted densities were only 260-350 and 225-280 kg/m3, respectively. Similar studies were performed using a direct-action vibrator, and similar fodder compaction results were obtained. These vibratory silage compaction methods can be recommended for small farms. Vibrating devices are useful on herbaceous plants with large stems (e.g., maize) and are somewhat useful for mixtures including such herbaceous plants when compacting in stores.


N-(o-Nitrophenylseleno)-3,5-di-t-butylphenylaminyl radical, generated by photolysis of N-(3,5-di-t-butylphenyl)-o-nitrobenzeneselenenamide in the presence of di-t-butyl peroxide, has been studied by ESR spectroscopy. The ESR parameters are compared with those for the corresponding sulfur analogue.


Somatic embryogenesis in Cucumis melo. L is induced by using 0,5cm length pieces of hypocotyl explants with an interveining callus phase. MS medium supplemented with aminoacid, L-glutamic acid (2.5 mg/l) and BAP (0.5 mg/l) induced somatic embryos. Regeneration from the nodular proembryonal stage to the full grown embryoids occur following different morphological pathways.


Despite significant recent efforts, the biophysical mechanisms by which stem cells sense, interpret and transform electrical cues into biochemical and biological signals still remain unclear. The present review critically analyses the variety of EF stimulation approaches that can be employed to evoke appropriate stem cell response and also makes an attempt to summarize the underlying concepts of this notion, placing special emphasis on stem cell-based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.


An annotated bibliography of mortality studies in India since 1921 is presented with a focus on works since 1947. 380 works both published and unpublished are included most of which are physically located at the library of the International Institute for Population Sciences at Bombay India. The bibliography is organized into four sections by subjects: general mortality and causes; infant perinatal neonatal and postneonatal mortality; maternal mortality; and life tables. Within each section the organization is alphabetically by author. (ANNOTATION)


On May 31, 1900, the 13th Battalion Imperial Yeomanry surrendered to General Piet de Wet at Lindley in the north-eastern Free State. The author has here published the diary of his father, a trooper involved in the 'Lindley Affair: and supplemented it with outlines of the causes and course of the Second Anglo- Boer War, along with three chapters examining the encounter from both sides and critically evaluating the episode with a view to determining responsibility for the surrender. The well-written diary, although dealing with a relatively insignificant encounter, has merit in its detailed exposition of life in the 13th during the six days of fighting which preceded the surrender. One receives an admirably clear picture of activities both in the command sector and amongst the men. Keywords: 13th Battalion Imperial Yeomanry; General Piet de Wet; Lindley; north-eastern Free State; Second Anglo- Boer War


At the moment of their greatest political triumph in a quarter of a century, business management is under fire for losing leadership in world commerce and trade. Ascendancy to the U.S. presidency of a person with a strong business orientation is in no small part due to the electorate's belief that business people can bring efficiency and economy to government. Simultaneously, however, these business people are being charged with failing to anticipate the changing nature of world competition and the massive disruption of consumer purchasing patterns by the oil producing nations, failing to make their products competitive in price and quality, and contributing to declining productivity by letting research and development lag and by managing the nation's workforce poorly.


Professor Nussbaum's argument for why and how the capabilities approach is a useful corrective to the "so like us" (SLU) approach to establishing legal protection for animals advances theoretical t...


Low back pain is still a major socioeconomic burden (Vos et al., 2012), and mechanical loading of the spine is regarded to be a major cause. Therefore, methods have been developed to assess spinal loading (moments/forces) in the laboratory using advanced equipment such as 3D motion capture systems and force platforms. Besides laboratory studies, accurate assessment of spinal loading is also important in field studies regarding the prevention of occupational low back pain. For instance, in epidemiologic studies investigating the relation between spinal loading and low back pain (Hoogendoorn et al., 1999; Kuiper et al., 2005; Lötters et al., 2003), and studies investigating the effect of ergonomic interventions on spinal loading at work (Lötters and Burdof, 2002; van der Molen et al., 2005). In the first part of this paper we will provide some examples of typical laboratory studies that we carried out. In the second part some studies will be presented in which a working situation from the field was simulated in the lab and laboratory equipment was utilized in the field setting. The last section of this paper discusses more recent research about the validation of new wearable measurement technologies for the assessment of spinal loading in the field.


We considered the tunneling effect on the rate constants calculated from transition-state theory for the H + and D + reactions. A method for evaluating the important parameter Ec (potential barrier height) was proposed. A tunnel-effect correlation factor (TECF) was estimated from experimental data, and compared with the corresponding values obtained from many theoretical methods. According to our results, the tunneling effect cannot be negligible around K where the TECF value is ca. 0.8 whereas the factor approaches to unity at T > K where the tunneling completely disappears. In addition to the above fact, we also found that the TECF for the D + reaction is greater than that of the H + reaction in agreement with Garrett and Truhlar's result. In contrast to our result, however, Shavitt found that the order is reversed, i.e., TECF for (D + ) is greater than that for (H + ). We discussed about the Shavitt's result.


The five refereed articles in this issue collectively explore macromarketing dimensions of new products, historical developments of intellectual property, and quality of life (QOL). An underlying theme of all the articles is the relationship between products and consumer/group/societal wellbeing. Three articles directly examine QOL. In a new twist intended to provide some deeper integrative analysis and to encourage new directions for further research, I invited Naresh Malhotra to comment on the three QOL articles, which are notably diverse in their foci and methods. The depth, breadth, and quality of these articles, and the subsequent commentary on them, should stimulate interest and submissions for the forthcoming special issue on Consumer Well-Being, to be published in 2006. Two other communications also are included: commentary by Alan Bradshaw, Pierre McDonagh, and David Marshall on Morris Holbrook's article, "Art Versus Commerce as a Macromarketing Theme in Three Films from the Young-Man-with-a-Horn Genre," published in Volume 25, Issue 1; Holbrook then shares a thoughtful response. Six books also are reviewed. Some more detailed thoughts on the articles and the reviews follow. Donald Lehmann, in "It's New but Is It Good? New Product Development and Macromarketing," examines the logic and importance of new products to marketing and their effects on stakeholders in marketing systems. Lehmann writes that while new product development is fundamental to marketing, we also must study the extent to which new products are good and for whom they are good. The benefits to manufacturers, retailers, and many consumers, for example, likely are obvious. Stakeholders beyond the transaction and direct usage of any particular product, however, may not receive any benefits; in some instances, stakeholders may be harmed by new products. Lehmann discusses the complexities and various trade-offs of new product development, argues for the importance of meta-analyses, and introduces a template for considering the impact of new products, with a larger objective to encourage scholars to devise measures and practices that might help to determine the extent to which products truly are, or can be, systemically "good." The article thoughtfully links micromarketing actions to macromarketing concerns and perhaps will inspire other scholars traditionally oriented toward micromarketing to consider how their work is relevant to macromarketing. "Macro Measures of Consumer Well-Being (CWB): A Critical Analysis and a Research Agenda," by Joe Sirgy and Dong-Jin Lee, is a timely and important contribution. The number of submissions to the Journal of Macromarketing (JMM) on QOL studies, including studies on consumer wellbeing, continues to grow. Emphases, conceptualizations, methods, and measures vary markedly. Sirgy and Lee critically review the macromarketing literature on measures of consumer well-being, synthesizing a large body of research. Their efforts will help readers to understand differences in conceptualization and measurement, as well as gaps in the literature. From these gaps emerge new opportunities for research, and Sirgy and Lee propose a comprehensive measure to help guide researchers in their efforts to close those gaps and to make other new contributions. Readers should note that I, not Section Editor Sirgy, administered the reviews for this article, hence my introduction to it.


The great moderation lulled macroeconomists and policymakers alike in the belief that we knew how to conduct macroeconomic policy. The crisis clearly forces us to question that assessment. In this paper, we review the main elements of the precrisis consensus, identify where we were wrong and what tenets of the precrisis framework still hold, and take a tentative first pass at the contours of a new macroeconomic policy framework. Copyright (c) 2010 The Ohio State University. The International Monetary Fund retains copyright and all other rights in the manuscript of this article as submitted for publication.


In this paper we discuss strategies for constructing approximation algorithms for solving theMin-k-cut problem, theMin-k-vertex sharing problem, and their generalization theMin-k-overlap problem. In each case, we first formulate an appropriate submodular function and construct its principal lattice of partitions (PLP) (H. Narayanan,Linear Algebra Appl.144(1991), 179?216). Applying an elementary strategy on an appropriate subinterval of the PLP yields the approximation algorithms. We give two such strategies. For convenience and greater generality we present our results in terms of bipartite graphs (which may be regarded as representing hypergraphs). We observe that the Min-k-cut problem isNP-Hard(O. Goldschmidt and D. S. Hochbaum,in"Proceedings 29th Annual Symposium on the Foundations of Computer Science," pp. 444?451, 1988). Approximation algorithms for the Min-k-cut problem were first given in (H. Saran and V. V. Vazirani,in"Proceedings 32nd Annual Symposium on the Foundations of Computer Science, 1991"). Their algorithms yield a Min-k-cut which is at most 2(1?(1/k)) times worse than the optimal. Our algorithm using the first strategy has a 2(1?(1/n)) factor (times worse than optimal) for both Min-k-cut and Min-k-vertex sharing (1) problems (nis |V(G)|, |E(G)| respectively). For Min-k-vertex sharing (2) this strategy yields aq(1?(1/|E(G)|)) factor, whereqis the maximum degree of a vertex in the graphG. Using a second strategy we are able to obtain a (2?(k?/n?)) factor for the Min-k-cut problem, wherek?=k?k0,n?=n?k0,k0being an appropriate integer defined in the paper. In our approach the chief labor consists in finding a sequence of increasingly coarser partitions (starting with the partition into singleton blocks and ending with the single block partition ofS) called theprincipal sequence. Once this is done the remaining effort is essentiallyO(|S|logS).


A Frequency Hopping (FH) communication method for uplink and downlink of satellite and ground station on the basis of GPS time service and satellite ephemeris is proposed. By adopting the SGP4 model to predict the satellite orbit, the relative position and velocity between satellite and ground station can be calculated precisely. The ground station completes pre-correction and compensation of the propagation delay and Doppler shift that have been estimated. The result shows that our proposed system performs lower hardware complexity and higher frequency hopping rate than traditional FH system. The propagation delay estimation precision is better than 250 ns. The Doppler shift estimation precision is better than 1 Hz. When the system cost is 1%, frequency hopping rate can reach 20000 Hops/s. The proposed system has strong anti-interference ability and strong anti-interception ability.


Multiethnic in Malaysia: Past, Present and Future, by Lim Teck Ghee, Alberto Gomes and Azly Rahman (eds), Petaling Jaya: Strategic Information and Research Development Centre (SIRD), 2009, 529 pp.


International vertical specialization has an important effect on the labor employment structure of the offshoring and inshoring countries. This paper analyzes the effect of international vertical specialization considered as a whole and as different partner countries and sectors on the employment structure. The results show that there is an improvement trend in the relative employment of the high skilled labor considering the manufacturing industry as a whole. International vertical specialization from OECD countries has a significant effect on increasing the high skill labor employment. International vertical specialization from non-OECD countries, however, has a significant effect on deteriorating the high skill labor employment. "Sector bias" is an important feature of the effects of international vertical specialization on labor markets, as the high skill labor employment improves significantly when international vertical specialization takes place in high skill intensive industries and deteriorates insignificantly when the low skill intensive industries relocate the production fragments.


In order to understand the impacts of ICTs application on the promotion of rural livelihoods,the characteristics of Internet use of farmers were analyzed,based on the 628 household survey in nine counties located in northern,central and southern Ningxia.The relationship between ICT application and livelihood improvement was also researched.The results showed that ICT application in rural areas has influence on the improvement of farmer livelihoods,including increase of education and training opportunities,improvement of healthcare and medicine,diversified entertainment and increased income.Based on the current utilization behavior of farmers,relevant policy recommendations were advanced.


This PKM aims to help people who already have a business to produce fashion products (conventions). The partner in this program is Mr. Muchlis, a convection business actor located in Lengkong village, Bandung district. The problems faced by partners are (1) The length of the process of making buttonholes and installing buttons because they do not have a special machine for making buttonholes, so that they are transferred to other parties (2) Do not understand and have an adequate bookkeeping system resulting in difficulties in recording and calculating raw materials, wages, labor, other production costs, inaccurate determination of selling prices and profit calculations as well as preparation of financial reports, (3) Marketing of products is still limited and carried out offline, even though market opportunities for products are still open. The solutions offered to business partners are (1) Procurement of buttonhole making machines, (2) Making and training of IT-based bookkeeping, and (3) Making and training of social media for digital marketing, while the output targets to be produced are publication of PKM results in ISSN national journals, and media mass electronics, activity video publications, buttonhole machines, accounting systems ansi based IT, and digital marketing media.


A distributed feedback fiber laser is shown to achieve a displacement resolution approaching 3 × 10-17 m/Hz1/2 up to 10 MHz (~ 103 more sensitive than the current state-of-the-art). Detection of acoustic emission events from cracks induced in fatigued lap joints is demonstrated.


While in San Francisco, California, in 1930 and 1931 to execute several mural commissions, including The Allegory of California and The Making of a Fresco, the famed Mexican muralist Diego Rivera also produced an associated sketchbook. In forty-nine charcoal drawings, plus two additional watercolor landscapes, Rivera sketched the land, industry, and people of Northern California, in particular miners and the mining environment, as well as important patrons of his work. In this article, we contextualize the sketchbook within the history of California, identify several sitters for Rivera's portrait sketches, and additionally suggest reattributing one of the sketches to the artist's wife, Frida Kahlo.


control), 2 mg L -1 , 5 mg L -1 or 10 mg L -1 of NAA. Percentage of rooting, number of roots and length of the longest root per plantlet were evaluated after 60 days. Root number did not differ statistically among treatments. NAA favored rooting as percentage of roots increased along with NAA concentration. Root length increased until 5 mg L -1 of NAA.


THE CNS is involved in the regulation of the secretion of most endocrine glands and a major portion of this control is exerted via the hypothalamic regulation of the pituitary. This control is triggered by chemical agents secreted into the portal vessels (GANONG 1974). The cells that release hypothalamic hormones are probably innervated by fibers of the afferent ncuronal system converging on the hypothalamus. The neurotransmittcrs that are presumably secreted at the endings of the afferent fibers include catecholamines. serotonin. acetylcholine and GABA (ROSE & GANONG, 1976). Experimental evidence indicates the existence of a circadian rhythm of anterior pituitary hormones (SCAPAGNIXI ef a/., 1976). Total brain levels of catecholamines, serotonin (COCCHI et u/., 1976) and acetylcholine (HANIN rt a/., 1970) have also been shown to present circadian periodicity. Since brain monoamines play an important role in the neuroendocrinc control of hypothalamus and anterior pituitary functions, attempts have been made to correlate the circadian variations of brain monoamine lcvcls with the circadian rhythm of hypothalamic and pituitary hormones (ASANO 1971; SIMON & GEORGE, 1975). Recently, an inhibitory effect of GABA on ACTH secretion has been demonstrated (MAKAKA & STAKK, 1Y74). The presence of high levels of GABA in the hypothalamus has been well documented (KURIYAMA & KIMURA, 1976). However, an involvement of GABA in the hypothalamic regulatory mechanisms has not yet been established. As a first approach to this problem, we have investigated whether GABA levels in hypothalamus and other brain areas undergo circadian variations which might be correlated to hormone secretion. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River) weighing 120-15Og were used. The animals were kept at constant temperature (23-25'C) and housed 5 per cage in an air conditioned room for I S days prior to study, to allow adjustment to controlled conditions of light (06.0&21.00). Food and water were allowed ud lib. Animals were killed by exposing their heads for 3-4s to high energy microwave radiations (Oven: 2.0 kW. 2.45 GHz, 75 W/cm*, Med. Ing. Consult.. U.S.A.) GUIDOTTI et ul.. 1974). This procedure completcly inactivates thc post-mortem increase of GABA concentrations in the brain (CATTABEN1 rl d., 1975). Striatum, cortex. cerebellum and hippocampus were dissected according to GLOWINSKI & IVERSEN (1966). Substantia nigra was dissected after mounting the brain on a microtomc stage. Sections 400pm thick were then cut through whole substantia nigra. The brain slices were kept frozen and substantia nigra punched out with stainless steel tubing ( I mm, i.d.). Hypothalamus was dissected starting 400 pm after the disappearance of substantia nigra up to A 7,500 pm and 2 mm deep, according to the KONIG & KLIPPH (1967) stcrcotaxic atlas of the rat brain. GABA was determined with a mass fragmentographic method recently described (CATTABENI et a[., 1976). Tissues were homogenized in 1 ml of 0.1 M-Formic acid containing the internal standard 4-amino-valeric acid ( 2 pmol/ml). The homogenate was centrifuged at 15,OOOg for 15 min. An aliquot of lop1 was transferred and evaporated under reduced pressure. Thirty microlitres of a mixture of SilPrep and BSTFA (3: l ) (Applied Science, Lab. Inc. State College, Bellefonte. Penn.) was added. After 2 h at room temperature an aliquot of the reaction mixture was injected into a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (Finnigan 3000 E), focused on m/e 304 and 174 for GABA-trimethyl-silyl derivative and 318 for the internal standard (CATTABENI el a/., 1976). Proteins were measured according to LOWRY et a/. (1951). Table 1 shows the distribution of GABA in different brain regions in animals killed at 9.00 a.m. A concentration gradient was dctected. with the highest levels in substantia nigra and the lowest in the cortex. The hypothalamus is the region with the second highest concentration. These findings arc in agreement with previous results reported by others (ROBERTS et a/., 1958; FAHN 1976). Figure 1 shows that during the 24 h cycle, GABA levels In cortcx, striatum, cerebellum, hippocampus and substantia nigra remained constant, without significant peaks and troughs. In contrast, in the hypothalamus the pattern of GABA concentration during the 24 h cycle shows a biphasic variation, with two peaks: one at 7.00a.m. and the other at 1l.00a.m. These results indicate that the hypothalamus is the only brain region, of those investigated, where GABA levels are not maintained at a steady-state level throughout the day. Since GABA is differently distributed in the various hypothalamic nuclei (KURIYAMA & KIMURA, 1976) we shall examine the possibility that individual nuclei are responsible for the observed changes. The physiological meaning of this finding in connection to the role of GABA in the hypothalamus still remains to be investigated. However, some working hypotheses can be put forward.


This paper deals with composition technique in the poetry of Dhumil (Sudama Pandey "Dhumil", 1936-1975). While the poet is capable of producing "attractive" images, as may be seen in some unpublished fragments of his earliest work, in the poems in the collection Sansad se sarak tak (From Parliament to the Street, 1972, 2nd edn. 1975), he uses a "visionary" or hallucinatory method to create provocative images. This provocative vein runs through the entire collection, as one image does not slide seamlessly to the next as it does in Muktibodh's poetry.


Whilst recanalised Paraumbilical Veins (PUVs) are common pathways for decompression in patients with portal hypertension, aneurysmal change is rare, with only a handful of previously reported cases. A 47-year-old man with cirrhosis and portal hypertension was found to have an asymptomatic, but rapidly enlarging PV aneurysm. This was successfully treated with embolisation and this is the first time that this has been described.


The article analyses the problem of the land ownership defence in the case when their borders have been overlapped. The methodsof solving this problem, which are applied in the judicial practice in Ukraine, are discussed in this article. Having done the research,the author concludes that the following remedies for ownership violation are not suitable in the case of land parcel borders have beenoverlapped: declaring void and cancelling the decision of the bodies of excecutive power and boies of self-governance by which theownership to the land parcel was transferred and affirming of the ownership to disputed part of the land parcel based on the norms onadverse possession.The declaring void and cancelling the decision by which the ownership to the land parcel was transferred is not suitable remedybecause the land parcels border overlapping caused by mistakes in establishing land parcels border in the land survey projects of boughland parcels, which borders are overlapped. It is, therefore, unreasonable to allocate all negative consequences of wrong establishingof the coordinates of the land parcels borders on the owner of the one land parcel.The adverse possession rules are not suitable for the land ownership protection because the person, who does not hold the partof the land parcel, that overlaps the part of the land parcel of the other owner, did not know that he doesn't hold the part of his land parcel.If the person, who loses the holding of the land parcel, doesn't aware about this, this person doesn't lose the possession. Neitherthe person holding the part of the land parcel, who don't aware that he holds the part of the other owner's land parcel, doesn't get theadverse possession. Not having obtained the adverse possession the person can't get the ownership on the land parcel.Under the author's opinion in the case when two land parcel borders are overlapped, the rule, under which the land parcels bordersare established according to actual use of these land parcels, shall be applied in this case. This rule encourages the carefulness ofthe land parcel owners.


This paper is motivated by the desire to realize the cooperative detective of multiple missiles against a maneuvering target in the presence of unknown input. To this end, a consensus-based distributed algorithm within the fifth-degree cubature Kalman filter is proposed to estimate the state of the maneuvering target. The algorithm is built up according to the following steps: first, we rigorously construct the maneuvering target's mathematical model by combining the target's kinematics model and the aerodynamic model. Then, we creatively set up pseudo measurement using the state at the previous time step to improve the observability of the target's state. Next, to combat high system nonlinearity and high dimensional state estimation problems, a novel algorithm combining the distributed fifth-degree cubature Kalman filter and the unbiased minimum-variance estimation method is proposed. Finally, we use numerical simulations to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.


Summary: The incidence of de novo intracranial aneurysm development and enlargement of untreated additional aneurysms is still unknown and requires further research. Over a 15.4-year period, the authors performed clinical surveillance in 748 consecutive patients with clip-ligated unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Serial magnetic resonance angiography was performed in 702 patients for 5.3 ± 3.3 years. During 3716.3 patient-years of follow-up, the incidence of de novo aneurysm formation was 0.27%/patient-year. The cumulative incidence of de novo aneurysm development was 0.5%, 3.3%, and 6.4% at 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively. A total of 114 additional aneurysms were seen in 107 patients Over 621.8 patient-years of follow-up, the annual risk of aneurysm growth was 2.7%. The cumulative incidence of additional aneurysm growth was 12.5%, 28.6%, and 59.5% at 5, 10, and 15 years, respec-tively. None of the factors including sex, age, history of hypertension, history of smoking, family history of subarachnoid hemorrhage, multiplicity, and size of untreated aneurysm were statistically sig-nificant predictors of de novo aneurysmal formation or growth of additional aneurysms. The annual incidence of interventional processes (surgical clipping or coil embolization) was 0.73%/patient-year. Patients with clip-ligated unruptured intracranial aneurysms should be continuously monitored for a long period, and appropriate interventions should be considered according to neuroradiological find-ings to prevent the development of subarachnoid hemorrhages.


We discuss the Cross-Reststrahlen band phasematching technique for narrow-band three-wave interactions. In GaP, assuming a maximum practical crystal length of 100 millimeters, the calculations predict that with a source wavelength of 0.965 micrometers, a tuning range of greater than 50 GHz is possible around the perfectly phasematched 3.0 THz center frequency. When GaP is pumped with a source wavelength of 1.000 micrometers, the coherence length is at least 100 mm for a frequency range of greater than 600 GHz around the perfectly phasematched 630 GHz center frequency. High Resistivity GaP is available in cylindrical boules that are larger than 50 millimeters in diameter and 75 millimeters in length. GaP has a bandgap cutoff wavelength in the Visible at 0.55 micrometers and a simple phonon absorption spectrum with a single fundamental absorption at approximately 27 micrometers, which indicates a potential for high transmission in both the NIR and FIR. Any remaining FIR absorption can be attributed to free electron absorption and two phonon absorption processes. In this paper, we report new measurements of GaP regarding FIR absorption, optical damage threshold and optical quality. These measurements indicate that undoped, high-resistivity GaP single crystal can be used to generate THz waves.


The article focuses on the origins , the genesis and development of
 Eurasianism as a special philosophical and geopolitical trends. Particular
 attention is paid to the role and place of contemporary Eurasianism in the
 new geopolitical and geo-economic reality of the post-Soviet space. It is
 noted that the positive factor of mutual complementarity of Eurasian ethnic
 groups is the main connecting element community of peoples inhabiting the
 territory of Russia - Eurasia.


Abstract Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is not a genetic disease, but gene polymorphism influences the susceptibility, severity and prognosis of ARDS. It has been reported that the polymorphism of genes, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme and extracellular superoxide dismutase 3 genes, is related to ARDS. Research on the gene polymorphism of ARDS is currently in the preclinical stage, but it develops fast, In the future, ARDS-related gene polymorphism may play an important role in identifying susceptibility risk, assessing prognosis revealing new etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms, and optimizing diagnosis and treatment.


In the paper the way of calculation of compressive stresses in the cross-section of a four-flue reinforced concrete chimney has been presented. Two types of cross section have been considered: the full cross section and the cross section weakened by openings. The analysis described in the paper refers to the chimney arrangement in diamond shape in relation to wind flow.


Control of particle size in rapid crystallizing processes, also called precipitation processes, present a challenge for a number of industries such as pharmaceutical, food or water treatment. It is commonly found that milling and agglomeration processes are needed in the latest stages of the synthesis to achieve the desired particle size. These processes are costly and may alter the polymorphic form. It is believed that a better fundamental understanding of the synthesis would allow better control over the process parameter in order to yield the desired product

In the present study the hyrozincite will be firstly characterized in terms of its crystal structure, solubility, induction time and morphology. Then, a continuous precipitation process was chosen to study its synthesis, as it allows fine control of process parameters such flow rate, geometry and residence time which are known to control the final particle size.

The methodologies used in this study aim to elucidate the kinetics of the process of mixing, nucleation, aggregation and breakage. Turbidity measurements in batch reactor allows the determination of the nucleation kinetics as function of reactant concentration. CFD was used to the determination of mixing kinetics well as supersaturation profiles inside the Y-junction as well as within the tubular section. Finally, the the particle size distribution as function of the residence time was determined by in-line static light scattering.

It is been observed that the small surface energy (0.051 J/m^2) of hydrozincite allows nucleation to occur rapidly. However, the rate of crystal generation decrease with decreasing pH as the reactant CO_3 decreases. The study of the relative importance of reaction over mixing (Damkholer number) reveals a general dominance of mixing.

We can conclude that pH is the single most important process parameter for controlling the particle size, followed by residence time.


Vitiligo is mainly considered an autoimmune skin disease as the number of IL‐17 producing Th17 cells, involved in the development of autoimmune and inflammatory pathologies, increased in vitiligo skin. T regulatory cells (Tregs) seem to be altered during the disease. Thus, there must be some upstream molecular factors that regulate the cellular response to apoptotic and inflammatory stimuli.


Study Objectives. To investigate the use of in vitro and in vivo data in the development of a sustained‐release, carbomer‐based dosage form (Entex LA tablets); and to compare the in vitro dissolution of pseudoephedrine from a sustained‐release, hydroxypropylcellulose‐based dosage form (Entex PSE tablets) and four branded competitors with different sustained‐release matrixes.


In the Carboniferous-Permian Huabei platform, while hydrocarbon generating conditions of source rocks are similar in different regions, the distribution of coal-derived (coalbed) methane accumulations is imbalance in regions. The geologic unit of coal-derived (coalbed) methane accumulation in Carboniferous-Permian Huabei platform was divided by two levels: accumulation evolution zones and accumulation affecting areas. Accumulation evoluation zones are divided into subsidence - uplift denudation style and subsidence - uplift denudation - subsidence style according to buried history of carbonniferous-permian coal measure hydrocarbon source rock of Huabei platform, the former is mainly distributed in the Ordos basin, the latter mainly distributed in the Bohai Bay basin et al. Accumulation affecting areas are divided into inner layer and upper layer according to fracture characteristics of cutting Carbonniferous-Permian coal measure hydrocarbon source rock. The former which occurs in steady plot of Huabei platform mainly lies in Shaanbei slope of the Ordos basin, and the latter mainly lies in Haiyuan-Liupanshan-Baoji fracture belt of the western Ordos basin and Gubei fracture belt of Jiyang depression of the Bohai Bay basin and so on. It is suggested that enrichment mechanism of Carbonniferous-Permian coal-derived (coalbed) methane of the whole Huabei platform would be strengthened based on different accumulation evolution areas and accumulation affecting areas.


They were born between 1979 and 2000 and are called Millennials, GenyY, and Next Gen, among other acronyms. They are the next generation of meetings and events attendees, and said attendance is critical to the success of the meetings, incentives, conventions, and exhibitions industry. This pilot study seeks to determine what their wants and needs are in terms of technology at meetings and events along with assessing differences between Millennials and earlier generations. Research methods, including a review of the literature, focus group, and case study, are utilized.


We introduce a state-of-the-art self-aligned contact (SAC) process and patterning process developed by new patterning technology using Atomic Layer Etch (ALE) and Atomic Layer Deposition towards 5/7nm generation. SAC process is known to require SiO2 etching capability with ultra-high selectivity to SiN. We developed Quasi-ALE technique to improve the ALE process to make it more suitable for SiO2 Etch. By adopting this technology to the SAC process, conventional trade-offs between fine process control and SiO2 selectivity to SiN in the fine slit pattern is significantly improved. This achievement is enabled by Quasi-ALE's independent controllability of the radical flux and ion flux, which precisely controls the reaction layer thickness on the surface, allowing etch process at lower ion energy region. On the other hand, in the patterning process, CD shrink technique without CD loading is one of the key requirements. By integrating the ALD [1] into the etching flow, we developed a process that can control the CD shrink quantity in the atomic layer level without causing CD loading. This is obtained by utilizing a conformal layer with characteristics of ALD's self-limiting reaction, which is independent of the pattern variety.


The authors have calculated the radial distribution functions galpha beta (r) and the partial structure factors Salpha beta (k) for two different charged hard-sphere models of a molten alkali halide. In the first model the interionic potentials are taken to be Coulombic outside the hard core; this is the conventional restricted primitive model. In the second the potentials are assumed to be screened Coulomb outside the core. Their calculations, which are based on the mean spherical approximation and on the hypernetted-chain approximation, demonstrate that very short-ranged screened potentials can produce galpha beta (r) and Salpha beta (k) which are very close to those obtained for the conventional restricted primitive model of an alkali halide. In particular, the distribution functions for the screened Coulomb model exhibit 'charge ordering'; g++(r) oscillates out of phase with g+-(r) and the first peak in S++(k) lines up with the first minimum in S+-(k). 'Charge ordering' is not a unique feature of Coulombic interactions as is sometimes supposed, but will occur whenever the potential between unlike species is strongly attractive.


The mean electromotive force generated by random hydromagnetic waves is calculated by using Fourier analysis methods for the cases of an incompressible Hall plasma and a compressible plasma with finite β. It is shown that in the case of a Hall plasma the α effect can exist in the interaction between two waves which propagate in opposite directions and have different phase velocities and several new β–terms are produced by the Hall effect, while in the case of a compressible plasma the α–effect can exist only in the interaction between the Alfvén mode and the fast or slow magneto-acoustic mode, and not between the fast and slow magneto-acoustic modes. The results are discussed in the context of the substorms in the earth's magnetosphere.


Estimation of annual operations and maintenance (O&M) costs is an important component of the alternatives analyses for proposed light rail transit (LRT) systems. UMTA's recommended method for estimating O&M costs involves developing productivity-based cost models. In this paper, data are assembled on several key productivity relationships--those most central to LRT O&M cost models--from existing LRT systems over several years, and the implications of these data for estimating O&M costs of proposed systems as part of the alternatives analysis procedure are considered. Operations and maintenance productivity rates are compared among LRT properties, and the year-to-year stability of rates within properties are examined. Two basic data sources are used: the annual UMTA Sectionn 15 data base and the results of research conducted among a group of new and old LRT properties to refine the information provided in Section 15 and other published sources. Analysis of the Section 15 data reveals wide apparent divergences in productivity rates among systems, as well as substantial year-to-year instability in the productivity data of several LRT systems. Several explanations are offered for these patterns, and implications for LRT O&M cost estimation methods are discussed.


The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes in both developed and developing countries is a serious problem worldwide. Several studies have reported that aerobic training improves insulin resistance in rats fed a high‐fat diet. However, few studies have examined the effects of resistance training on the insulin resistance. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats (4 weeks of age, n = 32) were fed a normal diet (N, energy content: protein = 18.8%, fat = 18.4%, carbohydrate = 61.4%) or high‐fat diet (F, 18.8: 40.0: 39.4) for 12 weeks. Each diet group was divided into sedentary (S), running (RUN) and resistance (RES) exercise groups. The RUN group ran on a treadmill five days/week, and RES climbed voluntarily in a tower cage (1.8 m height) to drink water from a bottle on the ceiling. After 12 weeks, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were conducted, and the heart, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, adipose tissue (perirenal, epididymal, posterior abdominal and mesenteric) and skeletal muscle (flexor hallucis longus, soleus, gastrocnemius, plantaris) were weighed. A two‐way ANOVA (exercise and diet) showed that the exercise reduced the body weights of the animals in RUN. In addition, the adipose tissue weights were higher in S, followed by RES and RUN, as a result of both exercise and diet. The skeletal muscle weights were lower in F than in N; exercise had no effect on this parameter. Exercise, but not diet, resulted in higher area under the curve (AUC) values for plasma glucose in RES and S than in RUN, whereas neither exercise nor diet had an effect on the AUC for plasma insulin. In conclusion, in contrast to running, resistance training does not appear to improve insulin resistance in rats, possibly because resistance training fails to decrease body fat.


Come out of message times has new requests for utilized and exploited about archives.The article discussed the ways and measure of exploit and utilize about archive of controlling disease in message times,so as to adapt the demand for circumstance change.Reinforce exploit and utilize about archive of prevention and control disease and use it the efficiently,as well as better service for the health work.


As technology is incorporated into more aspects of daily life, cybercrimes evolve and diversify, resulting in data intensive environments. Increasing smart-phone sales, increasing digital evidence requests in legal environments, the increasing generation and storage of digital transactions through the integration of the 'Internet of Things' (IOT), and the development of cyber-physical attacks all point to the broad societal impacts of technology. The dangers of cyber-physical threats are evidenced by a recent attack on a German steel mill that destroyed a blast furnace [1].


Chelation-assisted C H activation followed by insertion of an unsaturated molecule offers a straightforward, regioselective, and atom-economical method for C C bond formation. While rare-transition-metal catalysts (e.g. Ru, Rh, Pd) have played major roles in this and related types of C H bond functionalization, the development of cost-effective alternatives has attracted increasing interest. We recently developed cobalt–phosphine and cobalt–carbene catalysts that promote ortho alkenylation and ortho alkylation reactions of aryl pyridine and imine derivatives by insertion of alkynes and styrenes, respectively. These reactions represent the recent emergence of cobalt catalysis for C H bond functionalization; cobalt catalysis is attractive because of the low cost of the catalysts as well as the unique reactivities or selectivities often achieved. We report herein a significant expansion of the scope of this chemistry, achieved with cobalt–phenanthroline (L1 or L2) catalysts, which allow the ortho alkylation of aromatic imines with a variety of olefins under mild reaction conditions (Scheme 1).


The study of non-equilibrium charge carriers in semiconductor films by time-resolved reflectivity measurements is greatly simplified if the change in reflectivity change varies linearly with the photoinduced change in refractive index. In the present work it is shown that interference effects in the transparent layer influence this dependence significantly. The sample reflectivity can either increase or decrease, depending on the film thickness. If the reciprocal absorption coefficient of the semiconductor is smaller than the film thickness, a refractive index profile is created inside the layer. The reflection at this profile diminishes the influence of the beams reflected at the semiconductor-substrate interface. The changes in reflectivity then vary linearly with the changes in refractive index, independently of the film thickness. Numerical calculations were performed to help interpret time-resolved reflectivity measurements on amorphous silicon films.


The invention relates to a distributor strip for distributing electrical energy for device and / or server cabinets with a plurality of electrical connection devices to which electric consumers can be connected, at least one supply cable for connecting the distributor strip with a power source and at least one attachment region for attaching the fuel rail to the apparatus - and / or server cabinet. It is contemplated that the electrical connection devices are arranged on a first longitudinal side of the distribution strip and the at least one connection cable at a location adjacent the first longitudinal side second longitudinal side of the distribution strip is arranged. The rail is secured by means of the fastening region in a vertical orientation in the area of a side wall of the device and / or server closet.


The paper presents a human detection method applied to the intelligent device-level software platform for residential energy management. The proposed solution increases user awareness and automates the power control, with the primary goal to contribute in energy savings. Instead of using conventional presence sensors as inputs for automated power management, the proposed solution utilizes a network of wireless power outlets and monitors the variations of the signal strength indicator used for the communication between them. The radio signals used for the inter-outlets communication can be scattered, absorbed or reflected by objects in their propagation paths, such as a human body which additionally increases the variation of the signal strength indicator at the receiver. This phenomenon is known as radio irregularity, and is often considered as a shortcoming of radio networks. In this paper the idea of using radio irregularity as efficient presence detection is proposed. With regard to conventional sensors, this solution preserves the pervasiveness of smart energy and smart home systems, high level of sensorial intelligence and low


Abstract : Since Peter the Great Russia has wanted a foothold in the Middle East for both military and commercial reasons. After the 1952 Egyptian revolt the new government turned to the West and the United States for aid and arms but was turned down repeatedly. Egypt then turned to the USSR and by 1957 Russia had the long-desired Mid East presence. After Nasser's death in 1970 it seemed that the strong relationship would continue. Russia, however, failed to understand the Egyptian people and their government and failed to deliver the kind of arms and aid Sadat requested. In 1972 he expelled most of the Russian advisors and in the spring of 1976 there was a virtual break between the two nations. After 1975 Egypt again turned to the West. The author believes the US must learn from lessons of the recent past and deal pragmatically with Egypt's requests for arms and aid in order to re-establish lost American influence and prestige in Egypt.


The objective of the study was to determine the influence of brand management practices on customer satisfaction among university students in Kenya. The study was founded on three theories namely: Customer based brand equity model, expectation confirmation theory and consumer utility theory. The study adopted descriptive research design, the target population comprised of students from all 70 universities registered and accredited to operate in Kenya, with a population of 443,783 students enrolled for various undergraduate degree programs from which a sample of 384 students was drawn. Data was analyzed using a combination of four different statistical analysis methods that included descriptive statistical analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The study revealed that brand management practices had significant influence on customer satisfaction among university students in Kenya, with R 2 =0.238; p-value = 0.000. It was concluded that an increase in brand management practices result in an increase in the levels of customer satisfaction among the students across all the three university categories. The study recommends that policy can be developed that encourages inculcating brand management practices within universities in Kenya. Policy can be developed to encourage measurement and reporting of performance along brand management practices as used in this study. To sustain customer satisfaction through branding, the universities should identify ways in which their brand can create value to customers. This can be enhanced through quality service, superior technology, positive attitude among the employees (both teaching and non-teaching) as well as reputable professors who exhibit high integrity and knowledgeable, among other initiatives. The managers should also strive to integrate branding initiatives into the university marketing activities and exploiting secondary associations such as country of origin, heritage, ranking, institutional cooperation, value for money, integrity, accessibility, among others. Key words: Branding, Brand Management, customer satisfaction, universities, brand image .


AbstractAn Investigation of Independent-opportunistic cheating: of 175) female students at a private women's college and a state university revealed separate and distinct patterns of personality behavior for cheaters and noncheaters at each institution. Measured by the 16PF, five factors (B, C, P, Qs, and Q5) separated cheaters from noncheaters at the women's college; nine factors (B, C, G, H, L, M, O, Q3, and Q5,) were among the differences of the two samples at the state university. When the total sample of students responded to 80 situations believed to reflect cheating, discriminations between selected academic behaviors were reported on both campuses. Notable differences between cheaters and non-cheaters emerged In evaluating student mores. Results of the study support Burton's (2) finding of consistency of moral behavior and the existence of general traits of honesty and dishonesty that transgressed situations,


When an opportunistic predator is looking for a given type of prey and encounters another one from different species, it tries to utilize this random opportunity. We characterize the optimal levels of this opportunism in the framework of stochastic models for the two prey-one predator case. We consider the spatial dispersal of preys and the optimal diet choice of predator as well. We show that when both preys have no handling time, the total opportunism provides maximal gain of energy for the predator. When handling times differ with prey, we find a conditional optimal behavior: for small density of both prey species the predator prefers the more valuable one and is entirely opportunistic. However, when the density of the more valuable prey is higher than that of the other species, then the predator prefers the first one and intentionally neglects the other. Furthermore, when the density of the less valuable prey is high and that of the other one is small, then predator will look for the less valuable prey and is therefore totally opportunistic. We demonstrate that prey preference is remunerative whenever the advantage of a proper prey preference is larger than the average cost of missed prey preference. We also propose a dynamics which explicitly contains two sides of shared predation: apparent mutualism and apparent competition, and we give conditions when the rare prey goes extinct.


The objective of the study is to identify the productive outcomes of agricultural rehabilitation program (ARP) at household level in Bangladesh. The study used latest Household Income and Expenditure Survey, 2010 and have applied PSM approach to analyse the impacts. The study has chosen 4286 households to include in probit model as control group from the households other than the treated group of 446 households. Propensity scores ranged from approximately zero to one with a mean of 0.102. Various indicators such as labor allocation, income generating activities, investment and shock`s coping strategies etc. were chosen to identify the productive outcomes. The ATE on the treated was significant for income generating activities (farm and non-farm), labor allocation (farm and non-farm, self-employment) and investment (agricultural assets, inputs). The farm activities increased by 0.40 units but non-farm activities declined by 0.73 units per household due to agriculture rehabilitation program. One of the areas of reduction of labor unit is day laborer in non-farm sector - moved from non-farm to on-farm activities. The results suggest that ARP is a promising means of safety net for the marginal and small farmers in Bangladesh. This type of safety net could contribute more to productive outcomes. Acknowledgement : Acknowledgement: The research was financed under the Research Grants Scheme of the National Food Policy Capacity Strengthening Programme (NFPCSP). The NFPCSP is being implemented by the FAO of the United Nations and the Food Planning and Monitoring Unit, Ministry of Food with the financial support of EU and USAID. Disclaimer: The findings and presentation of material in this paper are those of the author(s). They do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO, nor do they imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO or of the NFPCSP, Government of Bangladesh, EU or USAID.


Fantasy for children, similar to children's literature at large, could not emerge until childhood was acknowledged as a separate and especially formative period in human life. However, while the Enlightenment primarily resulted in instructive works for young readers, Romanticism, with its interest for, on the one hand, folklore, and on the other, the child as innocent and untouched by civilization, provided rich soil for the first fantasy stories explicitly published for children, naturally children of the upper and middle classes. In handbooks of children's literature, fantasy is frequently treated together with literary fairy tales, or under the misleading label 'modern fairy tales'. E. T. A. Hoffmann's 'The Nutcracker and the Mouse King' (1816) is internationally acknowledged as the first fantasy explicitly addressed to children, since the protagonist is a little girl, the point of departure is the nursery, and many characters are toys. The child is, however, instrumental in the story, which rather involves the animated toy, the Nutcracker, and his quest for the princess in the fairy land. The connection between the Nutcracker, an enchanted prince, and the enigmatic old man in the real world is hinted at. Yet play and playfulness, associated with childhood, make this story different from Hoffmann's other fantastic stories, even though it carries many philosophical and ethical aspects far beyond a child's comprehension. Similarly, Carlo Collodi's The Adventures of Pinocchio (1881), with its puppet as the central character, has always been considered a story for children, despite its narrative and moral complexity.


See related article, pp 1483–1493

For many years, there has been considerable controversy on whether, and how, angiotensin could act within the central nervous system to increase sympathetic activity and blood pressure. Some previous studies have supported the conclusion that angiotensin acts directly on critical sympathoexcitatory neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) via activation of nonselective cation channels,1 or other postsynaptic channels, such as the small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel2,3 or the hyperpolarization-activated I(h) channel.4 Other work has supported the hypothesis that angiotensin acts indirectly on PVN neurons through actions on preceding neurons in the responsive network and changes in synaptic neurotransmission to these neurons.5

The study by Stern et al,6 published in this volume, provides invaluable new information for this field. In a series of creative and highly thorough studies, using multidisciplinary approaches that include patch-clamp recordings from presympathetic PVN neurons and astrocytes, along with whole-animal sympathetic nerve recordings and astrocyte-targeted gene manipulations, Stern et al6 have found angiotensin does not act directly on PVN neurons, but rather targets the astrocytes surrounding these neurons. Angiotensin type-1 receptor activation excites PVN neurons indirectly by increasing …