MRI of the Hip: Planes of Imaging to assess anatomy • Coronal: – Cartilage: suprafoveal head, acetabular dome – Superior labrum – Iliofemoral ligament, capsule – Hip abductors, +/psoas • Sagittal: – Cartilage: dome, posterior and suprafoveal head – Anterior labrum – Sciatic nerve • Axial: – Cartilage: anterior/posterior walls, head, bare area – Anterior and posterior labrum – Iliopsoas muscle/tendon – Sciatic and obturator nerves


The performance of a repetitively pulsed, high energy, closed cycle photolytic atomic iodine lasers at 1.315 microns is presented. Using an I2 removal system for the photolyzed C3F7I laser fuel, more than 70 joules/pulse was acquired in the fundamental mode from a M equals 3 confocal unstable resonator at a 0.5 Hz repetition rate. The closed cycle chemical scrubber system consisted of a condensative-evaporative section, two Cu wool I2 reactor sections, and an internal turbo-blower. This closed cycle system provided C2F7I gas at 10 - 60 torr absent of I2. The turbo-blower produced longitudinal flow velocities greater than 10 m/s through the 150 cm long by 7.5 X 7.5 cm2 cross sectional photolytic iodine gain region. In addition to the high energy output, the resulting 10 - 12 microsecond(s) ec laser had a beam quality of less than 1.5 times diffraction limited with a coherence length greater than 45 meters, and a polarization extinction ratio better than 100:1. Projections from this pulsed photolytic atomic iodine laser technology to larger energies, high repetition rates, and variable pulsewidths are discussed. In addition, the performance of cw photolytically excited atomic iodine laser at 1.315 micrometers is reported which has excellent scaling potential. Volumetric extractable cw powers of 55 watts/liter are reported with a small signal gain coefficient of 2%/cm. The potential of enhancing the cw powers to kilowatt levels plus producing variable pulsewidth, repetition rate iodine laser using an internal electro-optical modulator are also discussed.


A transparent optical multichannel switch composed of a liquid-crystal light modulator array and polarisation beam router using birefringent crystals is reported. Highly improved loss and crosstalk properties are confirmed.


We use new data on manufacturing in Canada to quantify the impact of globalization on the growth and composition of industrialization in the second half of the nineteenth century. We find that industries and regions more exposed to international trade experienced faster growth. Consistent with the literature on economic development in Canada, we find that scale economies, government policy decisions, and domestic market expansion also played an important role in manufacturing growth. However, after controlling for these factors, we find that greater exposure to globalization shaped the pattern of regional industrialization in a way not appreciated in Canadian historiography.


Ethical judgment and moral behavior are fundamental issues facing business today. Research in the fields of ethics, business ethics, and moral judgment continues to examine the factors influencing the moral development, maturity, and cognizance, and ethical reasoning abilities of people and their commitment to ethical behavior in business. This article studies morality, moral development, ethics, and values and their relationship to education generally and ethics education and ethics training specifically. The work also includes an analysis of the effect of various demographic variables on moral development, maturity, and cognizance.


Oesophagectomy for cancer is associated with long‐term decreased health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of co‐morbidities on HRQoL among survivors of oesophageal or gastro‐oesophageal junctional cancers after 10 years or more.


Two of the most important geographical characteristics of India which are also the most critical both from the point of view of security and development are indeed the Himalayas in the north and the Indian Ocean in the South Strategically speaking they are perhaps the most enduring of all the determinants of our foreign policy, less susceptible to change by the physical phenomenon, but holding a great deal of political importance in the moulding of our strategic environment. Both of them have given India a distinct geographical and cultural identity through the ages and this has not been altered substantially even after the partition of 1947. The Indo-centric character of the region persists even after the emergence of a sovereign Pakistan and independent Bangaladesh. This however does not mean that both these regions have played an identical role in the formulation of our foreign policy perceptions or have been the focal centres of foreign policy planning. What is common about both these regions in the context of foreign policy is that the geo-political significance of both was not fully recognised and there was a certain amount of neglect or complacency which the policy makers exhibited, in the initiat stages after independence at any rate.


1. Developing a cervical screening service in an area is an exercise in co-operation by the three branches of the National Health Service and can succeed only if workers from hospital, the local authority and general practitioners get together from the earliest stage of planning. Each has difficulties about which the others have little knowledge, and no room exists for competition or empire-building. "... all branches of the health service will have to work together without thought of vested interest if the service to the public is to be efficient." (Rivett, 1964). 2. The organization must have a headquarters from which everybody's effbrts can be co-ordinated as there is an enormous amount of administration and office work. In the first instance it will be necessary to collect a central register of all the women in the appro¬ priate age groups in the area; thereafter all data will be collected so


Imaging Plate (IP) characteristics were evaluated using 5 positron emitters with different β+ energies: 11C, 13N, 15O, 18F and 38K. The IP sensitivity showed a wide dynamic range (17-170000 disintegrations/mm2), allowing extremely low radioactivities to be measured. The uniformity of sensitivity on each IP was ±2.63%∼±3.44%. Spatial resolution was dependent on the energy and tended to deteriorate when radionuclides with a higher energy were used; 330±24 µm for 18F (Emax (β+) 0.63 MeV) and 470±44 µm} for 38K (Emax(β+) 2.68 MeV), respectively. Self-absorption was also found to depend on the thickness of the slice and the β+ energy under the experimental conditions.


(1977). Clinical Comparison of Transvestism and Transsexualism. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 83-86.


In this contribution a research work is illustrated that has been carried out to develop a model for the computation of sectional transfer functions of transformer coils in the high frequency range with the aim of partial discharge localisation. The mathematical descriptions of the model in time and frequency domain are given and the results of using standard identification and optimisation methods as well as their disadvantages are discussed. Finally it is shown that genetic algorithms can be used for parameter estimation of the model for achieving satisfactory results. INTRODUCTION Transfer functions (TF) of power transformer at the high frequency range are commonly used for different applications in power engineering such as transient analysis, insulation coordination and design procedures. In recent years TF applications have been extended for diagnostic purposes thus to the detection of turn to turn short circuits or insulation defects [1]. Determination of mechanical deformations of the transformer active parts as well as studies on surge overvoltages along the winding have been carried out. For this reason extensive efforts had been performed to develop an appropriate model for transformer coils accurate enough in high frequency ranges. New investigations have been performed at the ScheringInstitute showing that TF of transformer coils can also be used for the evaluation and localisation of partial discharges (PD) [2]. At the high frequency range the capacitance of the transformer winding becomes increasingly valid. Because the partial discharge pulses have a wide frequency spectrum, while they being transmitted along the windings they are exposed to attenuation, distortion and reflection. Knowledge of the frequency transfer characteristic between measuring point and PD source can allow a localisation of the PD origin and a precise evaluation of the apparent charge. For this purpose the knowledge of the sectional winding transfer functions (SWTF) is required. Because there is no access to the sections of the winding, after the transformer insulation has been impregnated an appropriate modelling of the electrical property of the coil is needed. There are two main ideas for transformer modelling namely the black-box or terminal model and the detailed or internal model. Black-box models are especially useful for the insulation coordination of HV systems, because in this case no knowledge of the internal behaviour of the system is required. With the detailed model the physical geometry and material characteristics of the windings are converted into lumped RLC units in order to simulate the behaviour of the whole transformer winding. In addition to these two modelling ideas a hybrid category for winding modelling may be used which does not consider each turn of the winding as a RLC unit but each coil, thus simplifying the modelling [3]. For PD localisation and evaluation the knowledge about the SWTFs of the winding is essential because the basic idea of this method is calculating measured signals at the terminals to different possible origins along the winding using SWTFs. Direct measurements of SWTFs on a distribution transformer with accessible points along the winding and the use of these SWTFs for the localisation of PDs had shown excellent results [4]. These results are primarily related to the accuracy of the SWTFs which had been measured using a network analyser. The objective of this work is to develop a method to determine the parameters of winding models of actual transformers while accessing only the terminals of the winding. The necessity of such a procedure is provoked by PD measurements on transformer in operation where the coils are already immersed in the insulating liquid and therefore no longer accessible. Although some researchers have posted that an estimation of the winding parameters using common analytical identification methods is impossible without using the sectional winding voltages [5], this contribution shows, that it is possible to overcome this problem by means of new soft computing methods such as genetic algorithms. MODEL DESCRIPTION AND FORMULA For PD evaluation a model is required which describes the physical dimensions of the windings as precise as possible within the interesting frequency range. Therefore the detailed model as shown in Figure 1 has been used for interpretation of the high frequency behaviour of transformer coils. The required number of RLC units to describe the correct frequency behaviour depends on the considered frequency range and the ability to estimate the RLC parameters accurately. For PD localisation and evaluation applications it is usually sufficient to locate the disk unit of the winding where the PD has occurred. Therefore the number of the RLC units has been chosen equivalent to the number of coil sections, thus each winding section is considered as a black-box represented by a RLC unit. The leakage inductances and losses are modelled by L and R. Cs and Cg represent the coil to coil and coil to ground capacitance respectively. Rs represent the losses due to the insulation between adjacent winding sections and Rg shows it for each section to ground. The mutual inductances M between each winding section and the other ones are modelled by a current controlled voltage source as it is depicted in Figure 1. There are different methods to determine the transfer function of the winding. The most common methods are impulse response and frequency sweep analysis. ) ( 0 t i ) ( ) ( 1 1 t v t v N− ) (t N ) ( 1 t i ) (t N Figure 1: Model of a transformer winding grounded through a pure resistive impedance for calculation purposes The former method is performed by a steep impulse voltage applied to the winding as input signal while simultaneously the voltage or current at the other terminal is measured as output. The stimulating frequencies generated with this method are directly related to the steepness of the impulse. If the input impulse involves enough frequency components to excite all desired oscillatory modes of the winding, the frequency behaviour or transfer function can be calculated. The second method for calculating the transfer function works by applying a sinusoidal test signal with variable frequency as input and measuring the amplitude and phase shift of the output signal for different input frequencies. With this approach, which is used e.g. by network analysers, the results are more precise. In order to compute the SWTFs as they are used for PD localisation, the measured TF or any other input-output data of actual winding can be used for estimating the model parameters of Figure 1. Subsequently the SWTFs can be obtained by a computation of sectional voltages caused by an injection of current into different nodes of the model. For this purpose the equations of the model in time and frequency domain are necessary allowing an estimation procedure and the SWTFs calculation. MODEL DESCRIPTION IN TIME DOMAIN For a description of the model in time domain it is more convenient for computer calculations to write the equations in state space. The common state space equations are:


Hypertension is one of the main causes of death in the elderly. The increasing prevalence of hypertension is caused by lack of self-awareness of the elderly in controlling hypertension. To realize the good behavior in the elderly, family support is needed such as reminding to take medication, maintaining weight, diet and routine control. This research objective was to determine the relationship between family support and hypertension control behavior in the elderly in Pasir Putih Village, Peureulak District, Aceh Timur Regency.This research used an analytical design with a cross sectional study approach. The population used in this research was 68 elderly who suffered from hypertension. The Sampling was conducted through total sampling technique. Data collection was conducted by doing interviews. This research was conducted on August 11 to August 21, 2021.The results of this research showed that there was a significant relationship between family support and hypertension control behavior in the elderly in Gampong Pasir Putih with a ρ-value of 0.000 <0.05 and an odds ratio (OR) of 7.649, it meant that the elderly with good family support had a chance of 7,649 times to behave well  in controlling hypertension.It can be concluded that there is a relationship between family support and hypertension control behavior in the elderly. It is recommended that the elderly always behave well in controlling hypertension so that they can keep blood pressure stable.


Abstract Poor high-temperature stability (HTS) and weak microwave absorption performance (MAP) are a major restriction for wave-absorbing materials in elevated temperature ambient. Consequently, the Stöber process and the sol–gel method are first devised and used to create multi-core/shell SiO2@Al2O3 nanostructures (MCSNs) on Ti3AlC2 (TAC). The MCSNs with a thickness of 135–215 nm raise the starting oxidation temperature of the matrix by 400°C. Furthermore, the weight gain drops from 17.44 to 2.32% within 1 h at 800°C. The effective absorption bandwidth with a reflection loss (RL) ≤ −10 dB of the MCSNs-coated TAC is 3.25 GHz (8.68–11.27 and 11.63–12.29 GHz) at a thickness of 2.0 mm, which is 4.7 times that of the matrix. The minimum RL is reduced by a factor of 2.77 from −10.68 to −29.55 dB. The enhanced MAP is due to the introduced multiple reflection events and scattering mechanism as well as the enhanced electronic polarization, interface polarization, and polarization relaxation. The growth of the MCSNs provides a reference for the design and preparation of bifunctional materials with good HTS and MAP.


Search page for website featuring Jim Fowler's acrylic landscapes executed out of doors as well children's books he has illustrated.


For detecting susceptibility to intergranular corrosion (IGC) in austenitic stainless steels, ASTM Recommended Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels (A 262), Practice A (metallographic test), serves as a screening test. Alloys showing "step" or "dual" structures are considered to have passed the test. When a "ditch" structure is obtained, the material needs further testing by one of the immersion tests (Practices B, C, D, or E). It has been observed that the electro-etching parameters of Practice A are rather severe, leading to the development of "ditch" structures in nonsensitized materials which are not susceptible to IGC. A modified etching technique has been developed in which nonsensitized samples of Type 316 stainless steel as detected by Practice E show step structure or no structure at all; ditch structure is developed only in the cases of samples heat treated close to or within the sensitization range. Use of this technique could result in a reduction of the number of specimens that must be tested by one of the other practices in ASTM A 262.


Frequently, commentators on political developments in various small Central American nations describe the political participation of the military as if it were an unchanging and ineluctable force that had conditioned public life from time immemorial. Unfortunately, such a perspective not only distorts historical reality but makes it extremely difficult to offer accurate interpretations of current events. While it seems fundamentally correct to assert that Latin American military institutions differ from such organizations in other less developed areas in that they were forged in the crucible of 19th rather than 20th century events, such a generalization cannot apply to every Hispanic nation. A more adequate representation of reality might be that there are essentially two types of Latin American military establishments which relate in quite different ways to their respective political systems. First, there is that class of military organization where institutional identities were fairly well established by the early 20th century and, secondly, there are those which bear a closer affinity to military establishments in the new nations. Here, there has been a very late process of institutional consolidation which makes the behavioral patterns of these institutions particularly volatile.


Objective To evaluate B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP) concentrations to predict weaning failure from mechanical ventilation(MV) after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting(OPCABG).Methods Prospective,observational study in the Surgical intensive care unit(SICU) recruited 42 patients on MV after OPCABG.They were divided into 2 groups as weaning failure group(MV48h)and weaning success group(MV48h).Echocardiography and sampling for BNP were performed before the surgery.Comparing baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of the both groups,analyzing correlations between BNP and clinical parameters and exploring the risk factor for weaning failure of these patients.Results 20 patients failed weaning of these 42 patients.Weaning failure group showed larger left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDD)(P=0.021),lower left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)(P=0.009) in Echocardiography and significant more patients with New York Heart Association(NYHA) Ⅲ/Ⅳ(P=0.029),higher European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation(EuroSCORE)(P=0.014) and BNP value(P=0.012) compared to weaning success group.Besides,weaning failure group had longer durations of MV,ICU and hospital length of stay(P=0.000,0.009,0.014 respectively) in clinical outcomes.BNP significantly correlated with number of patients with NYHA Ⅲ/Ⅳ(r=0.701),LVEF(r=0.6),days of MV(r=0.757) and ICU length of stay(r=0.7)(P0.05).Logistic regression analyses showed the preoperative BNP level was an independent risk factor for ventilation48 hours(odds ratio,OR=1.004;95%CI 1.001~1.008).Conclusion The baseline BNP level correlated with preoperative heart function,longer durations of MV and ICU stay after OPCABG.BNP can predict weaning failure as an independent risk factor.


As subject disciplinarians as well as educators in Higher Education, establishing a position and context for scholarship alongside purist research can prove a demanding feature of pedagogical research and scholarly activity for all academics. The introduction of the TEF alongside the REF has provided a degree of ambiguity in academic roles that can be both a challenge and an opportunity. This keynote provides an insight into balancing a contribution to pedagogical research as an integral part of academic praxis in the hope of stimulating academic debate around the complex interrelationship of both.


Synthetic fundamental frequency contours were classified by Polish and American‐English listeners as indicating either statements or questions. Graphic analyses were applied to listeners' responses in order to isolate the most prominent F0 cues that served to differentiate statements from questions. Comparisons between the response distributions for the two language groups revealed both common and language‐specific cues for F0 contour identification.


Cancer is an important public health concern since it is the second leading cause of death in the developed world. Previous treatments, such as surgical tumor resection, radio- or chemotherapy also harm healthy tissue and, therefore, are limited by these adverse effects. In contrast, immunotherapy using the endogenous defense mechanisms poses a specific, nontoxic and mild therapy. But how can we approach this advantageous new therapy? This book gives us an introductory review of the role of the immune system in recognition and prevention of cancer as well as of current research strategies. Furthermore, the author provides a detailed guide for creating so called mimotopes for the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), which is a possible basis for establishing active immunotherapy, i.e. cancer vaccination.
This book is mainly directed at PhD students and young scientists interested in oncology.


Feature models are frequently used to capture the knowledge about configurable software systems and product lines. However, feature modeling of large-scale systems is challenging as many models are needed for diverse purposes. For instance, feature models can be used to reflect the perspectives of product management, technical solution architecture, or product configuration. Furthermore, models are required at different levels of granularity. Although numerous approaches and tools are available, it remains hard to define the purpose, scope, and granularity of feature models. In this paper we thus present experiences of developing feature models for two large-scale industrial automation software systems. Specifically, we extended an existing feature modeling tool to support models for different purposes and at multiple levels. We report results on the characteristics and modularity of the feature models, including metrics about model dependencies. We further discuss lessons learned during the modeling process.


The effect of waterlogging on sunflower and sorghum was investigated in relation to stage of development (sunflower-6-1eaf, buds-visible, anthesis;sorghum-5-1eaf, initiation, anthesis) and duration of waterlogging (3, 6 and 9 days) under glasshouse conditions. Additionally, the potential adaptation of the two crops was observed by waterlogging some plants at all three growth stages. With sunflower, leaf expansion and stem extension were inhibited by waterlogging at the 6leaf and buds-visible stage although these effects did not always persist until maturity while, with anthesis waterlogging, rapid desiccation of leaves was observed. Yield was most affected by the anthesis waterlogging but no consistent effect on seed number or 1000 seed weight was recorded. Waterlogging sorghum plants suppressed normal tiUering but had little effect on dry weight of the main stem. Late tillering was stimulated by waterlogging. Reductions in leaf area occurred at all stages of development in response to waterlogging with these effects being more marked at initiation. Similarly, yield was most reduced by the initiation waterlogging largely as a result of reduced seed number. In neither species was there a clear relationship between duration of waterlogging and subsequent reduction in growth and yield. With respect to yield, stage of development seemed to be of greater importance than the duration of waterlogging. The growth and yield of multiple-waterlogged sunflowers was less affected by the anthesis treatment than that in plants experiencing a single waterlogging, suggesting that some form of adaptation was induced. In contrast, no such response was seen in sorghum.


The errors are : Table 1 : Total in Non-suicides low/high CSF 5-HIAA is 92/143 not 92/140. Table 2 : Total in Suicides : Non-sup/Sup is 28/12 not 28/11, and in Non suicides : Non-sup/Sup is 327/488 not 347/488. Table 3 : Likelihood ratio for CSF 5-HIAA and DST is 3.125 (37.5/0.12) not 2.6 (37.5/0.18). Table 4: Likelihood ratio is 1.21 (87.5/0.721) not 1.1 (87.5/0.73). International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology (2006), 9, 777. Copyright f 2006 CINP doi : 10.1017/S1461145706007280


The electronic structure of oxygen radicals formed by adsorption of gas-phase oxygen on partially reduced sites of supported vanadium oxide catalyst V4+Ox/TiO2 has been studied by periodic DFT. The unpaired electron density in the radicals is transferred from the paramagnetic V4+(3d1) ion to the adsorbed oxygen atoms resulting in the formation of surface oxygen radicals: atomic O–, superoxide O2–, and ozonide O3–. These radical species exhibit higher reactivity compared to the surface oxygen species stabilized on fully oxidized diamagnetic V5+(3d0) ions. Oxygen isotopic exchange over O– radicals has been investigated by the climbing image nudged elastic band (CI-NEB) method. We show that molecular oxygen can exchange with the lattice oxygen of the surface paramagnetic radicals V5+O– with low activation energy of about 14 kcal/mol, close to the value experimentally observed for some heterolytic R1 oxygen exchange reactions on vanadia catalysts. The obtained data suggest that O– radicals formed as short-liv...


Aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) are immunosuppressant, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic agents with a widespread presence in foodstuffs. Since human exposure to aflatoxins occurs primarily by contaminated food intake, and given the greater susceptibility of infants to their adverse effects, the quantification of these mycotoxins in infant food based on cereals is of relevance. Aflatoxins levels were determined in ninetyone Spanish infant cereals classified in terms of nonand organically produced and several types from ten different manufactures, using a extraction procedure followed by inmunoaffinity column clean-up step and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (FLD) and post-column derivatization (Kobra Cell system). Daily aflatoxin intake was also assessed. The preliminary analysis revealed a noticeable detected infant cereal samples for total aflatoxin (81 %), corresponding to a 64 %, 39 %, 65 % and 43 % for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2. Lower aflatoxin values (median, Q1;Q3) in conventional infant cereal (n=74, AFB1: <LOD (n.d.;0.019), AFB2: n.d. (n.d;0.011), AFG1: <LOD (n.d.;0.004), and AFG2: n.d. (n.d.;<LOD) and AFtotal: 0.014 (<LOD;0.035 μg kg) in comparison with infant cereal ecologically produced (n=17, AFB1: 0.022 (0.016;0.212), AFB2: n.d. (n.d;0.027), AFG1: 0.020 (0.014;0.053), and AFG2: 0.007 (n.d.;0.024) and total AF: 0.047 (0.030;0.311 μg kg) were found. In addition, five organic formulations (3.112, 1.981, 0.943, 0.471 and 0.212 μg kg) exceeded European AFB1 legislation (0.10 μg kg) versus two conventional cereals (0.346 and 0.117 μg kg). According to the type of infant cereal, cereals with cocoa provided the highest aflatoxin levels, gluten-free and cereals with dehydrated fruits were in a intermediate level and milkor honeybased cereals and multicereals contained the lowest levels. With the exception of non-compliant cocoa based organic formulation, none of the infant cereals analyzed provides a higher intake of 1 ng kg 1 body weight per day, suggesting that infants fed on infant cereals are exposed to low health hazard. Nevertheless, manufactures are called for continued efforts to routinely monitor and more careful selection of raw material to minimize aflatoxin levels in these infant foods.


Given two years to set up a brand new service, £1 per child to finance it, no resource area, very limited base space and no team of assistants in a large, extensive county, there was a choice to make: (a) do I provide a crisis orientated service? or (b) do I create machinery for change? I chose (b) while admittedly responding to (a) too. Having made my choice there were other choices to make: (a) should my work be school based only (b) inset only (c) out of school enrichment only (d) all three. It had to be (d). I called the embryo E.U.R.E.C.A! — extending, understanding, resourcing, enriching the child with ability! It crystallized my aims, it provided the vehicle for change and it grew, is still growing … but what next?


The antisense phospholipase Dγ(PLDγ) gene was transfered into the wheat variety LK906 by earstem injecting method.The quality characters were analyzed for transgenic plants by PCR and PCR-Southern techniques.The results of HMW-GS electrophoresis showed that the subunit composition of transgenic lines was altered.The receptor's subunit 10 disappeared and the subunits 8 and 12 appeared in transgenic lines.The results of seed gliadin electrophoresis showed that there were significant differences between transgenic lines and receptor in the appearance of new bands and disappearance of the receptor's,and the degree of expression was also different.All the quality characters were improved somewhat but the degree was different among different transgenic lines.


In high–speed laser devices the occurrence of a photon–photon resonance increases the modulation bandwidth substantially. In this paper our attention is focused on the design of DBR lasers in which this effect is exploited.


Recent developments in the control of radical generation and radical reactivity utilizing homogeneous catalysts are described. Special emphasis is put on the recently emerging field of redox catalysis in pinacol couplings and epoxide openings. A typical enantioselective reaction is also discussed.

Keywords:

catalysis;
enantioselectivity;
epoxides;
pinacol coupling;
titanium


Six professional athletes of Xinpeng swimming club in Shenzhen were selected as the research object,the change of haem in different training cycle and the change of hemoglobin in the convalescence phase were monitored during october twelveth,2006~july twelveth,2007.?It was found that the haem of athlete in long-distance swimming was lower than others in short-distance swimming,and its fluctuation was large.The research showed that it was easy to cause menstrual disorder of female swimmer after overloading exercise,thus causing sports anemia,these effects were greatly improved by Herbal Treatment and timely conditioning amount and intensity of training.


Phase equilibria up to 66.7 at.% Al of the Gd-Al and Dy-Al binary systems have been investigated using differential thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffractometry, metallographic analysis and quantitative electron probe microanalysis. In the range of compositions considered, the presence of four intermetallic compounds has been verified for both systems: R 2 Al, R 3 Al 2 , RAl (peritectically formed) and RAl 2 (congruent melting behaviour), with R = Gd, Dy. In the R-rich regions of the diagrams, the lowering of the melting and transformation temperatures of the rare earth metals by additions of aluminium, resulting in eutectic and catatectic type reactions, have been studied.


We dene a multi-index ltration on the ring of germs of functions on a hypersurface singularity associated with its Newton diagram and compute the multivariable Poincare series of this ltration in some cases.


The current technological development is increasingly being felt and even adopted by the society. Certainly, people are starting to be friendly with technology because of a positive effect in providing various conveniences for the society. One of them is the ease to do financial transactions anytime and anywhere, as the impact of the presence of Financial Technology in Indonesia. By this reason, the government also take the advantages of financial technology in paying taxes, especially Land and Building Tax. Likewise, the presence of financial technology is able as a basis for the payment service innovations in both the government and private sectors. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of technological innovation in tax payments on land and building tax payment compliance. The research method used is quantitative research using survey techniques to find out public opinion about the topic raised. The results of the study show that technological innovation in the payment of Land and Building Tax is proven to be effective in influencing taxpayer compliance, using 5 indicators, namely timeliness, accuracy of amounts, absence of arrears, availability to give information for the officers, and awareness to pay taxes.


Maintaining the abilities and utilizing, even developing the potential of older adults is currently one of the important issues in an aged society, and participation in education is an important method to maintain and develop the abilities of older adults. Exploring the factors that discourage older adults from participating in learning activities is important in promoting their educational participation. Therefore, this paper focuses on understanding why older adults may be reluctant to participate in learning activities. This study utilized an interview approach to gain an in-depth understanding of the perspectives of older adults, with 24 participants involved in the study. The interview data was analysed using open coding, axial coding, and selective coding for qualitative data analysis and to draw conclusions. The results indicated that older adults may be reluctant to participate in education, which may be influenced by factors such as age, physical condition, education level, economic status, lifestyle, interpersonal relationships, transportation, and the types of courses available. According to the findings, two important issues regarding older adult education were identified: personal difficulties and curriculum structure. Based on the research results, this study provides suggestions for future reference in planning older adult education.


Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) requires generating control signals for external device by analyzing and processing the internal brain signal. Person with severe impairment or spinal cord injury has loss of ability to do anything. This project about the EEG signals classification for wheelchair control application. In this project, the movement of wheelchair (left, right, forward and reverse) will classified by user focusing based on four visible picture in various shape and colour also four non-visible picture (used thought image) that represent the movement. EEG signal were analyzed to find out the features by using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). This project used alpha and beta band to collect the data. The analysis have made based on the peak and average value which then be compared to define the most significant differentiation between signals. From the result, shows that the visible colour model meet the most significant value based on the higher percentage than the other two models.


PURPOSE: A nitrate nitrogen concentration detection method is provided to shorten times needed for detection of nitrate nitrogen concentration and to implement the detection without the influence of other ions contained in a specimen. CONSTITUTION: A nitrate nitrogen concentration detection method includes the following steps: a phosphoric acid solution and a dimethyl phenol solution are added into a specimen containing nitrate nitrogen to be detected; the color change of the specimen is induced; and the induced color change of the specimen is compared with a color chart to detect the concentration of the nitrate nitrogen. In the process of the color change induction, the nitrate nitrogen in the specimen is reacted with the phosphoric acid solution and the dimethyl phenol solution to generate 4-nitro-2,6-dimethylphenol.


Cyperus rotundus L. (Nutgrass, family Cyperaceae) is a notorious weed which is widespread in temperate tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Owing to its richness and potent pharmacological activities, efforts have been devoted to identify its bioactive constituents. Since 1965, a total of about 192 compounds including terpenoids, flavonoids, stilbenes, aromatics and aliphatic fatty acids have been characterized. This review summarizes the bioactivities and mechanism of action of some of the compounds from C. rotundus L.


THE following paper, the use of an air chamber to reduce water-hammer pressure caused in a pipe line by a sudden shutdown of a centrifugal pump will be considered. The air chamber may also serve another purpose, that of equalizing irregularities in the distribution system (1). We must emphasize the fact that, even though for a special case we conclude that the use of an air chamber does not seem a reasonable method of reducing water-hammer pressure, this does not preclude its desirability for some other purpose. The opinions as to the value of air chambers as a pressure reducing device vary considerably. Lorenzo Allievi, the formulator of the pressure oscillation theory, states in his book, "In order to reduce the magnitude of the water shocks, air chambers are often placed near the regulating valve, above the pipe, with the assumption that a part of the energy of the water column will be absorbed by the compression of the air caused by this pressure rise.'7 Practical experience has shown that the air chamber does not entirely satisfy the functions ascribed to it. In order to give a more recent opinion we refer to a lecture by Oberbaurat O. Hanneman (2), "In the pipe line, in order to reduce the pressure oscillations which occur when the switch is suddenly closed, check valves are installed, the first of which is immediately outside the plant. In the same system, the air chamber is removed, as it increased the variations caused by closing the switch."


This paper refers to a design of a laboratory NOX generator with stable NOX flow rates and variable/adjustable NOX concentrations to meet the needs in NOX emission control.Numerical simulation was then used in the design to testify the design scheme which is based on the thermal NOX generation principle,showing the design is feasible.


Advanced oxidation process (AOP) is an emerging technology for removing complex organic molecules in water and wastewater treatment and surface disinfection. AOPs rely on the in-situ generation of reactive chemical species (RCS) such as hydroxyl radicals to degrade the pollutants. However, most of the RCS responsible for oxidizing the contaminants are short-lived, and hence their production in-situ is warranted for practical application. The plasm-mediated AOP is an emerging technology and superior to other conventional AOPs due to its high ability to generate RCS at a controlled rate. Controlling the operating conditions of the plasma system can tune the production of RCS easily which is crucial for developing the next generation plasma reactors.


tempts to include farmworkers within NLRA coverage have been ubiquitous over the years, but there has not been the driving force of active organizing at the national level to stimulate Congress to such action. Perhaps the problem is that when little is going on and there is little to report, the tendency is to dwell on the negative. In discussing "Constraints and Opportunities," Edid reports almost entirely on the constraints. Her gloomy assessment of the prospects for farmworker organizing echoes the classic studies by Lloyd Fisher and Alexander Morin in the 1950s. Yet Chavez and Velasquez demonstrated there were possibilities. All the more reason a 1994 book on farm labor organizing should get at how those possibilities were realized.


ABSTRACT: This paper discuss about the elaboration of a pedagogic proposal to the development of an Family Health approach, with all professor of professionalizing lecturers of the Tuiuti University of Parana state Nursing Graduation course. It has as objective to verify and to analyze Family Health approach developed by professors in professionalizing lecures; and to discuss about the reviewing of teaching plans, developed by research participant professors of Family Health area. The focused group based in qualitative research was the methodological approach. Three categories emerged from data: a) Health Family contents; b) Theories and Practices in Family Health; and Pedagogic Practices – reviewing. In this way, the professors meant to be capable to review their teaching plan, inserting the Family health in their lectures contents. Therefore, the objective of this research was obtained because it was an important task to professor reviews their teaching pl ans.

KEY WORDS: Family Health; Nursing Education; Higher Education.


Although the volterra filter is known to be an efficient adaptive filter in a large variety application for the non-linear system, but its computational complexity is also very high, especially as the orders of the filter increase. To overcome the computational complexity of the Volterra filter, a novel adaptive filter using layered bilinear architecture is proposed in this paper. Compared with the conventional second-order Volterra filter and Direct Bilinear adaptive filter, the layered bilinear adaptive filter exhibits a slightly better convergence performance in terms of convergence speed and steady-state error.


Transport study of horseradish peroxidase and transferrin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate was performed using an in vitro Caco-2 cell cultured monolayer grown on a polycarbonate membrane of , Horseradish peroxidase was not transported across Caco-2 cell monolayer. Transferrin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate was transported through Caco-2 cell monolayer. The apparent membrane permeability coefficient of transferrin horseradish peroxidase conjugate was . The value of transferrin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate across Caco-2 cell monolayer was increased to in the presence of brefeldin-A. These results suggest the transferrin receptor mediated transcytosis of transferrin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate across Caco-2 cell monolayer.


Abstract A recent study of difference in surface etching rates of the +x and -x planes of x-cut synthetic quartz has led to a more detailed understandings of the results in our previous paper, 'Fission Fragment Registration in Synthetic Quartz'.1 Considering that the difference must be due to the anisotropy of the etching rate, a general treatment of the process in which tracks are developed with an anisotropic bulk etching rate is obtained. The results are applied to fission fragment tracks in x-cut synthetic quartz plates.


The IceCube high-energy starting event (HESE) search resulted in a clear detection (> 6.5σ) of cosmic neutrinos [1, 2, 3]. However, the nature of the sources responsible for these neutrinos is not yet known. The sources of cosmic neutrinos may be identified by rapid follow-up observations by electromagnetic observatories. Discovery of even a single multimessenger counterpart of a cosmic neutrino would revolutionize our understanding of the high-energy universe: the longstanding questions concerning the origin of cosmic neutrinos, and potentially also the composition of cosmic rays, could be finally resolved. IceCube has detected 54 HESE neutrino candidates in 4 years of data collection. These events have interaction vertices inside the detector fiducial volume and are classified in two main categories: track-like events from charged-current interactions of muon neutrinos (and from about one in five tau neutrino interactions) and shower-like events from all other interactions (neutral-current interactions and charged-current interactions of electron neutrinos and most tau neutrinos). The HESE data is dominated by shower-like events. In the 4-year data sample, there are 14 track-like events and the rest are shower-like events. Shower-like events have an angular uncertainty of about 15◦ whereas track-like events have a resolution better than 1◦. However, these numbers are only attained by time-consuming offline reconstructions. The resolutions obtained in real time are somewhat worse. In this


We enrolled nulliparous women in induced labor in a randomized study to determine whether increasing the concentration of the solution used in a patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) device was required as labor progressed. Patients were assigned to 6 groups (n = 25 in each group), receiving ropivacaine/fentanyl in concentrations of either 0.1%/0.5 &mgr;g/mL or 0.2%/1 &mgr;g/mL via a PCEA pump. Three groups received boluses of 12, 16, or 20 mL dilute solution in early labor (uterine contractions every 3 min and 4-cm cervical dilation) then 6, 8, and 10 mL concentrated solution in late labor. Three other groups received boluses of 12, 16, or 20 mL dilute solution during both periods. The lockout interval was 25 min. The primary outcome was time until the first request for staff-administered analgesia supplement. Hourly assessments included pain scores on a visual analog scale (VAS) graded from 0 to 10, satisfaction scores, arterial blood pressure, motor block intensity, and the upper sensory level of epidural anesthesia. Patients, midwives, and the observer were unaware of study solutions and PCEA settings. The maximum pain score was defined as the highest score experienced by each patient during each period. Duration of analgesia was defined as the time from the start of each period to the first injection of rescue analgesia and was compared using a survival analysis. There were no differences among the groups with regard to demographic and obstetric variables, arterial blood pressure, motor block intensity, upper sensory level, or satisfaction scores. At least 75% of the women rated their satisfaction as either good or excellent during each period. During late labor, the maximum pain score was lower in the group receiving 20 mL dilute solution compared with the group receiving 6 mL concentrated solution. Maximum pain score was not significantly different between 20 mL dilute solution and 10 mL concentrated solution (difference between VAS values = −0.4; 95% confidence limits, −1.599 and 0.799; P = 0.5055). During late labor, the duration of analgesia was longer in groups receiving 20 mL dilute solution (99 ± 4 min) (mean ± sd) than in those receiving 12 mL (77 ± 30 min) and 16 mL (80 ± 23 min). Duration of analgesia did not differ between groups receiving 20 mL and 10 mL (92 ± 23 min) or between groups receiving 12 mL and 6 mL (78 ± 30 min) of each respective solution. Duration of analgesia was longer in the groups receiving 8 mL concentrated solution (94 ± 16 min) than in those receiving 16 mL dilute solution. We concluded that 0.1%/0.5 &mgr;g/mL ropivacaine/fentanyl was effective throughout labor when 20 mL was injected with each PCEA demand. With 16 mg ropivacaine and 8 &mgr;g fentanyl, the duration of analgesia was prolonged by doubling the concentration when labor became active. When 12 mg ropivacaine and 6 &mgr;g fentanyl were injected at each demand, analgesia was less satisfactory and doubling the concentration was not clinically effective. These results suggest that the effectiveness of PCEA is dependent on drug mass rather than the volume or concentration administered with each successful pump demand.


Objective
To explore the application effects of PBL, CBL and LBL teaching methods on clinical internship of higher midwife nurses.

Methods
Higher midwife nurses′ clinical internship in our department in 2015 and 2016 were chosen as objects of study. 32 of them in 2016 were taken as experiment group, which were applied teaching methods of PBL+CBL+LBL, while 33 nurses in 2015 were chosen as control group, which were applied conventional teaching methods. Nurses in both groups were investigated with questionnaire about comprehensive skills and the results were compared for the effects of teaching methods.

Results
The higher midwife nurses in experiment group were the scores of (3.78±0.32) and (2.82±0.26) in control group with statistical significance between two groups (t=8.173, P<0.01) .

Conclusions
The teaching methods of PBL, CBL and LBL can improve clinical internship effects in higher midwife nurses effectively and improve clinical teaching quality.

Key words:
Midwifery; Education, nurse; Student, nurse; Problem Based Learning; Case Based Learning; Lecture Based Learning; Clinical teaching


Purpose – This paper aims to investigate a novel giant magnetostrictive (GM) force sensor using Terfenol-D rod. Design/methodology/approach – First of all, principle of GM force sensor based on positive magnetostriction of Terfenol-D is presented. Then, design procedure of the GM force sensor is stated. Magnetic properties such as B-H curve and permeability of Terfenol-D are measured by a novel experimental setup and the results are used in analytical model, sensitivity estimation and numerical simulations. Then, an analytical model is presented and a numerical simulation using CST Studio Suite 2011 software is done. So as a result of numerical simulations, optimum geometry of the GM force sensor is obtained related to the condition in which the GM force sensor has highest sensitivity. After that, the sensor is fabricated using the simulation results and is tested by means of an experimental setup. Characteristic curve of the GM force sensor in several conditions is measured and the optimum operational co...


OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution of nine prophage genetic markers in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli.METHODS PCR was used to detect the nine prophage genetic markers(intF,intD,intE,intR,intQ,flu,intS,intZ,and intA) in E.coli and two cell division genes(dicB,kilR),and these genetic markers were carried out for database retrieval in BIOCYC.RESULTS Totally five prophage genetic markers including intD,intE,intR,intQ,and intS,and two cell division genes(dicB,kilR) were detected in 20 strains of multidrug-resistant E.coli;intF,flu,intZ,or intA4 were not detected,there wer 14 strains detected with more than 1 gene related to the cell division;as compared with the sequence of positive intR in No.2 strain determined by BLAST,it was as same as the sequence of CP002516 having registered in GenBank(by Mar 9,2011);as compared with the sequence of positive intQ in No.8 strain determined by BLAST,it was as 99%same as the sequence of AP010960.1 having registered in GenBank.CONCLUSION It is necessary to have a further study on the mechanism and function of prophage genetic marker,which may play as a supportive factor in inducing high multidrug-resistance of multidrug-resistant E.coli.


Despite extensive research on employee selection, managers still do not have clear guidance on whether specific background characteristics predict good performance. To help clarify this issue, this study analyzed the relationships between several academic/work background characteristics and performance appraisal scores for entry-level professionals in a public sector agency. Agency managers were also surveyed to determine if they believed that these characteristics predict performance. Although the managers perceived that most of the characteristics studied are linked to performance, only one characteristic, grade point average, was found to be statistically related to appraisal scores. This study's findings support other research which suggests that it may be better to base employee screening/selection decisions on specific job-related knowledge, skills, and abilities, instead of relying primarily on background characteristic "signals."


AUREOMYCIN and Chloromycetin are generally referred to as agents that are effective against "viral" infections. Their demonstrated therapeutic action in this field, however, has been limited to rickettsial diseases1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 and to infections with the psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group.1 , 4 , 17 18 19 20 21 Aureomycin has also proved efficacious in cases of the so-called viral or primary atypical pneumonias.22 23 24 25 The etiology of the latter is still unknown beyond the demonstration that some of them may be transmissible by filtrates of materials from human cases.26 , 27 Neither of these agents has yet been proved to be effective against what might be called true viruses, such as those which cause . . .


The article is devoted to the development of Evangelic and Lutheran church in the electoral district of Saxony after signing of the Peace of Augsburg. The basic measures of Elector Augustus І of Saxony on creation of territorial church organization are analysed. The conclusion about strengthening of territorial authorities' influence on churches and schools as a result of the policy of confessionalization is done.


A BIAS AGAINST a Christian perspective in the teaching of literature in the secular university is generally recognized as well established. This bias seems out of place because the present climate in such studies favors the open acknowledgment of whatever theoretical praxis (feminist, Marxist, Freudian, deconstructionist) is being used to approach the literature. A Christian teacher searching for irenic and productive rather than agonistic responses to this bias can learn from St. Paul's address to the Athenians on Mars Hill. Paul's assumption that any serious attention to the sacred dimension of human experience is ultimately a reference to the Christian God suggests a methodology of using the numinous spaces – ideas of transcendence or the sacred found in nearly all significant literature – as guideposts to insight into Christianity in the classroom. Whether such alternate spaces are those of the Romantic sublime, the existential human self in sublimated sexual experience, the realm of Art as sacramentally holy, or a creation cursed by the absence of God, identifying and exploring the space can lead to a comparison with other numinous spaces, including Christianity. Carefully conducted, such teaching can move from reading pagan poets whose writings betray their ignorance of the God whose "offspring" they are to gaining insight into the true God, the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit of historic Christianity, "in whom" all persons "live, and move, and have" their "being."


An effective control method with improved energy efficiency and extended working range based on $1X/2X$ reconfigurable rectifier is presented for wireless power transfer in implantable medical devices (IMDs). Compared to the conventional method that fixes the duty cycle of the reconfigurable rectifier to be around 50%, the proposed method optimizes the duty cycle for different coupling and loading conditions, so the system efficiency is significantly improved and the workable coupling and loading range is greatly extended. Simulation results in a commercial 0.18 $\mu m$ CMOS technology validate the proposed method.


In this paper, first, to realize the constant current charging for EV's Battery and ZVS operation of primary inverter simultaneously, variable frequency and phase shift control strategy (VF-PSC) is adopted and the optimal operation frequency range (OOFR) is obtained. Second, a three loop control strategy (TLCS) is proposed to make the system work accurately at any points of this OOFR by adjusting the zero voltage switching angle (ZVSA). Third, to achieve the maximum efficiency of the system, a maximum efficiency point tracking strategy (MEPT) is proposed to maximize the system efficiency by changing the ZVSA continuously in OOFR. The combination between TLCS and MEPT is prominent and excellent because it realizes constant current charging, ZVS operation, and maximum system efficiency simultaneously, which dramatically reduces EMI, improves the security and reliability, and saves electrical energy. Finally, a 500W WPT system (WPTS) is built to verify the correctness of theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.


The authors discuss the integrative development of future engineers' professional and foreign language communicative competences in the process of learning a foreign language for specific purposes, substantiate the necessity of such integration and its implementation in the educational process, and give the examples of tasks for the integrative development of these competencies of future engineers-physicists at the different stages of learning process.


Abstract : The number of particles simulated within a kinetic simulation has a direct impact on the accuracy of the results. In the case of chain-branching reactions such as those found in ionization and combustion events, the exponential growth of computational particle populations may also result in computationally intractable problems. Adaptive control of the number of computational particles is therefore an important topic for improving these types of simulations. Particle merging and its inverse splitting procedures can potentially enable this type of control, but only if they do not result in additional accumulated error. Merging multiple particles down to a single particle can be shown to either violate conservation of momentum or kinetic energy because a single particle consists of too few degrees of freedom to fully represent the original two. This has resulted in a proliferation of merging strategies relying on nearby particle pairs in velocity space or merging moments to computational grids as shown for example in Refs. [1-3]. If instead multiple particles are merged down to two rather than one, it can be shown that mass, momentum, and kinetic energy as well as center of mass and mean square deviation of position can be conserved simultaneously[4]. However, when previously attempted in this reference for electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC), the approach was found to result in excessive thermalization, incorrect collisionless shock wave-speeds, and was not obviously amenable to near-neighbor particle selection. To mitigate the thermalization effects, the ternary merge has been coupled with octree velocity space binning[5]. This method has been shown to match direct unmerged solutions well for several 3D3V simulations with predominately one-dimensional variations[5,6] aligned to the original coordinate system. Though these results were encouraging, the preferential selection of original spatial coordinate system for the moment decomposition suggested an orientation


(AsPh4)2[Re2FN2Cl7] is prepared by the reaction of ReNCL4 with AsPh4F in acetonitrile solution. The IR spectrum indicates a bridging Re-F-Re complex anion with terminal Re ≡ N ligands. The magnetic susceptibility was measured in the temperature range of 4.8-280 K. The effective magnetic moment is 1.66 B.M. per Re atom (θ = -0.5 K) and corresponds well with Re(VI). The magnetic moment of the well known PPh4[ReNCl4] has also been studied {μeff = 1.67 B.M.; θ = -1.2 K).


The post-90s'college students have gradually become the main target of higher education. Combined with the main features of the group,the educators of ideological and political education must update educational concept constantly,explore effective educational methods and measures actively,build up the new model of ideological and political education which adheres the developing rules of education and the characteristics of the group.


As a method of eliminating the dark line caused by the scanning spots on the TV kinescope, the spot stretch method is adopted for this experiment.


Embedded devices have become omnipresent both in business applications and in the private sector. Various, highly diverse types of systems rely on embedded computing devices that, compared to traditional PCs, are often not directly noticed by the user. Examples for such embedded devices are manifold: RFID-based smartcards are on the way to replacing magnetic-stripe cards for payments and are wide-spread in public transport and user identification. Long-range RFID transponders are used for identifying and managing large assets like freight containers in the supply chain. A modern car comprises a large number of microcontrollers, controlling numerous components ranging from the engine to the immobilizer. Consumer products like mobile phone batteries and inkjet cartridges are equipped with special-purpose chips to prevent counterfeit. Access to online services is secured with hardware tokens for two-factor authentication, and electronic door locks for controlling the physical access to buildings and offices are on their way to replacing traditional mechanical systems. With the increasing reliance on embedded devices arises the need to thoroughly examine the related security mechanisms. Malicious adversaries can cause severe financial losses, e.g., due to IP counterfeit, industrial espionage, or fraudulent payment transactions, but also endanger material and even human lives, e.g., in the case of vehicles, medical devices, or industrial machinery. Hence, many embedded devices incorporate protection mechanisms, often involving cryptographic functionality to fulfill requirements like confidentiality, authenticity, and integrity. To evaluate the security level of according implementations, a purely mathematical point of view is not sufficient: Classical cryptanalysis considers an algorithm as an ideal construct for which only the inputs and outputs are known to an adversary, however, for real-world devices, this assumption does not hold. The actual hardware or software realization of a cryptographic primitive is subject to implementation attacks that utilize physical properties to break analytically secure schemes like AES, 3DES, or RSA. Active fault injection techniques allow to extract secret information by disturbing the cryptographic computation, e.g., exposing the device to over and undervoltages or UV-C and laser light. In contrast, passive side-channel analysis is based on monitoring the behavior of the target device while executing a cryptographic algorithm, e.g., by measuring the power consumption or the EM emanation. Interestingly, the practical threat posed by implementation attacks and particularly sidechannel analysis to embedded devices has received relatively little attention in the scientific community. This is in contrast to the in-depth treatment of the theory of such attacks in the scientific community. The goal of this thesis is to fill this gap and evaluate the physical security of widely used devices, with a special focus on side-channel analysis. We propose improved digital and analog pre-processing techniques to increase the quality of side-channel measurements and describe tools to perform implementation attacks at a low cost. Amongst others, we present circuits to isolate the leakage of contactless smartcards and introduce the GIAnT, a cost-efficient FPGA-based platform for controlling target devices and conducting side-channel and fault injection attacks. Applying the developed tools, the cryptographic functionality of several products representing different classes of embedded devices is analyzed. The examples include RFID transponders used in the supply chain, a contactless smartcard (the Mifare DESFire MF3ICD40), an electronic locking system by SimonsVoss, a two-factor authentication token (the Yubikey 2), SHA-1-based anti-counterfeiting chips by Maxim Integrated, and Altera Stratix II FPGAs. In all cases, we show that implementation attacks and side-channel analysis in particular can circumvent the (cryptographic) protection of the examined devices. Since the demonstrated attacks can be put into practice with a relatively low financial effort, it appears to be mandatory to include suitable countermeasures in new product generations. In this regard, we discuss possible approaches, taking the often limited resources available in embedded applications into account. As a concluding result, we outline directions for further research, both from an adversary's point of view and from a constructive perspective.


Associate Professor Brian Stout of the School of Social Sciences and Psychology has been awarded funding to examine the success of a community-based intervention program for young offenders. The research, which is supported and funded by Juvenile Justice NSW, will examine the effect of the Intensive Supervision Program (ISP) on a young person's wider world: other family members, especially younger siblings, caregivers, peers and schools. With researcher Dr Ingrid Schraner, an economist, Dr Stout will also conduct an economic analysis of the initiative.


7623 Background: Survival for patient with primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL), in general, is poor with patients requiring frequent chemotherapy treatments or receiving whole-brain radiation therapy, which can potentially result in significant neurologic decline and dementia. Because of the improved survival of high risk patients with aggressive lymphoma undergoing autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), we began ASCT for patients with PCNSL in first or later remission with chemotherapy sensitive disease. We now report on outcomes of patients who have had at least 1 year follow up post ASCT.

METHODS
Between June, 2000 and September, 2004, 11 patients underwent ASCT for PCNSL. The medical records of consenting patients were abstracted for the following information. Median age at transplant was 47 years old (range 30-67). Median number of prior treatments 1 (range 1-3). Median time from diagnosis to transplant was 7.5 months (range 2.9 to 75.8). Median International Extranodal Working Study Group Prognostic Score: 2 (range 0-3). Disease status at transplant: First CR 5 patients, later CR or PR 6 patients.

RESULTS
Eleven patients underwent ASCT for PCNSL and have a minimum of 1 year follow-up. All patients received BEAM conditioning. Median follow up was 28.3 months. Four patients have relapsed at a median of 200 days (range 40-523). Of the patients who relapsed, one has died of disease progression and the remaining three are alive after additional therapy. Median overall survival and progression free survival from transplant have not been reached. Two year overall and event free survival are 89% and 61%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Although limited by patient selection and retrospective biases, this review suggests that ASCT for PCNSL demonstrates improved overall survival when compared to historical controls with similar PCNSL Prognostic Scores (2 year survival for patients from diagnosis with PS 2-3 was 48% in a prior published study). ASCT in first remission in patients with PCNSL appears promising and may limit the need for additional therapy which can be myelosuppressive or result in neurologic decline. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


The pmanagement of reproduction of fixed capital in the agricultural organizations is aimed at the balance and coordination of the three components: fixed capital formation, production use and renewal of its facilities in the new instruments of labor. The substantiation of the selected forms of management, risk assessment, the ratio of funding sources of planned activities and assessment of their effectiveness are also important. The total combination of these actions forms the policy of the fixed capital reproduction. The article covers the role of the management system in realization of the process of the fixed capital reproduction in agriculture. The authors offer an advanced organizational and economic mechanism of management of the fixed capital reproduction functioning on the basis of interaction of the control system levels (macro, meso, micro levels), commercial and noncommercial structures, financial institutions, agricultural enterprises and other economic subjects, and providing the purposeful nature of influences of the management system and promoting the increase of the fixed capital use efficiency and its reproduction rates. Кeywords: fixed capital; reproduction; agriculture; management; organizational and economic mechanism.


Using the Lepton Flavor Violating (LFV) decay of τ with production of a pseudoscalar neutral meson P0, we calculate the parameters space of a version of 2HDM where the Yukawa matrix generated through a unitary transformation of the diagonal mass matrix. This unitary transformation corresponds to a particular invariant subgroup of SU(3). We study the channel τ →eKs0 and demonstrate that it is possible to have non small couplings an at the same time a LFV decay rate very small. This analysis shed light on the flavor structure in the frame of such group. This model is a particular case of the Partially Aligned 2HDM and motivates the analysis of more channels using this model for Yukawas.


Hypervisor intervention in the virtual I/O event path is a main performance bottleneck for I/O virtualization because of the incurred costly VM exits. The shortcomings of prior software solutions against virtual interrupt delivery, a major source of VM exits, promoted the emergence of the hardware-based Posted-Interrupt (PI) technology. PI can provide non-exit interrupt delivery without compromising any virtualization benefit. However, it only acts on the half of the event path, i.e., the interrupt path, while guests I/O requests may also trigger a large amount of VM exits. Additionally, PI may still suffer a severe latency from the vCPU scheduling while delivering interrupts. Aiming at an optimal event path, we propose ES2 to simultaneously improve bidirectional I/O event delivery between guests and their devices. On the basis of PI, ES2 introduces hybrid I/O handling scheme for efficient I/O request delivery and intelligent interrupt redirection for enhanced I/O responsiveness. It does not require any modification to guest OS. We demonstrate that ES2 greatly reduces I/O-related VM exits with the exit handling time (EHT) below 2.5 percent for TCP streams and 0.1 percent for UDP streams, increases guest throughput by 1.9x for Memcached and 1.6x for Nginx, and keeps guest latency at a low level.


As with any good classic, even if it is only within a national literary tradition, the story of the effects of the poem "Al partir", by Gertrudis Gomez de Avellaneda Arteaga, is still open to writers and scholars. This article proposes to show it in three different ways: the tracking of its foundational condition within the poetry of its female author; a rather immanent rereading of that text; and the reinsertion of the same in the Cuban nineteenth-century poetic tradition concentrated on the figures of the romantic Heredia and the modernist-modern Marti.


In this article, we study the Barboza-Alcaniz-Zhu-Silva–type redshift parameterization of dark energy. We constrain the free parameters of the model under differential ages data. We study the natures of the universe with the model for different parametric values. We show that the fractional dimensionless density parameter for dark energy grows up with time and have started to dominate that of matter since the recent past. We find out some cases where future deceleration takes place. We analyse the space of statefinder parameters.


This project sets out to analyse the structure of sports betting advertising, in an attempt to understand whether such advertising could become a public health issue. Various studies which have given rise to scientific publications are analysed and their main conclusions are outlined. Some of the major recommendations made for gambling companies and regulators are also summarised.


This study is aiming to study knowledge management as an effective tool for the improvement of performance in ICIP at UNRWA. In addition, it aims to examine the relationship between the knowledge management capabilities and Intellectual capital as a measuring tool of organizational performance. A questionnaire has been developed and distributed to a sample consisting of 250 employees working in ICIP and procurement contracting unit. Only 216 questionnaires were returned (response rate is 86 percent). The study finds that most of ICIP staff agreed that KM process capability is important part in supporting employee's efforts to work better and improve the productivity which will affect the performance of organization. There is clear agreement of ICIP staff to the impact of KM infrastructure capability on the organizational performance. The result reveals that KM infrastructure capability has less impact on organizational performance and there are significant differences among the respondents' regarding the impact of KM infrastructure capability and KM process capability on organizational performance due to age and qualification. The research investigate the relationship between knowledge management and organization performance. UNRWA is one of the most important UN organizations in the Middle East. The context of the research is of special importance to improve the performance in developing countries.


The performance of microfluidic-based fuel cells was predicted numerically by Fluent,where liquid fuel and liquid oxidant flow side by side in a channel at microscale and the current of electricity is achieved by electrochemical reactions at electrodes on channel walls.The obtained polarization curves were found to be in good agreement with experiments,and with the increase in the volumetric flow rate,the cell performance rises gradually.In our case,the cell performance is very sensitive to the content of oxygen in the cathode stream,while it is insensitive to the concentration of formic acid in the anode stream,confirming the cathode limited performance in microfluidic fuel cell as reported by others.


Compared to some traditional shortest path finding approaches, a new probabilistic path finding based on travel time distribution under interrupted flow is discussed in this paper. Three traditional approaches based on distinct travel time budgets: expected travel time, α-reliable travel time and mean-excess travel time, are presented to show their defects on performing bimodality of travel time under interrupted flow. Probabilistic path finding, considering both certain and uncertain parts of travel times simultaneously, provides an optimal path set rather than a certain travel time value. Meanwhile, this kind of probabilistic path finding differs from Logit model in stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) in which the probability is determined by deterministic cost of each path. The uncertain part of travel time caused by control delay plays a significant role in route choice in urban network. The numerical experiments indicate that the new approach rationally considers the uncertain part of travel time under interrupted flow, compared to above three approaches. Furthermore, the optimal path set is more practical than the result of SUE and can be applied in macro, static route choice.


Unmanned systems have become a critical element of the Army's Force Structure for applications such as Emergency Ordnance Disposal (EOD). Systems currently fielded are typically tele-operated and, thus, impose significant cognitive burden upon the operator. The Robotics CTA (RCTA), a collaborative research endeavor between the Army Research Laboratory and a consortium of eight industrial and academic partners, is developing fundamental technology to enable a new level of autonomous capability for future unmanned systems that can act as teammates to Soldiers making up a small unit. The Alliance is focusing research in five key areas: a cognitively based world model, semantic perception, learning, meta-cognition, and adaptive behaviors. Because current world model representations are relatively shallow, metrically based, and support only brittle behaviors, the RCTA is creating a cognitive-to-metric world model that can incorporate and utilize mission context. Current perceptual capabilities for unmanned systems are generally limited to a small number of well defined objects or behaviors. The RCTA is raising perception to a semantic level that enables understanding of relationships among objects and behaviors. To successfully team with small units, the command and control of unmanned systems must move away from the current hardware controller paradigm to one of verbal and gestural communication, implicit cues, and transparency of action between Soldier and robot. The RCTA is also exploring adaptive behavior and mechanics that will permit manipulation of arbitrarily shaped objects, animal-like mobility in complex environments, and conduct of military missions in dynamic tactical conditions. Efforts to incorporate learning from the lowest levels of the architecture upwards are key to each of the above.


The extremely short (one item, three response options) temperament scale introduced by Sleddens, Hughes, O'Connor, Beltran, Baranowski, Nicklas, et al. (2012) is a valuable contribution that can be useful for future research and applications of temperament. Requiring parents to classify children as high on Effortful Control, Negative Affectivity, or Surgency / Extraversion, however, is counter to the dimensional approach through which these temperament factors were derived. This inappropriate imposition of a typology leads to a degree of imprecision in measurement that may have substantial practical implications. It is recommended that, instead, children be rated on each of these three dimensions. Alternatively, a single-item approach should include choices between groups identified through person-based analyses.


The goal of inventory management is how to maintain high level of service quality by using least cost and how to reduce the possibility of shortage in order to satisfy the requirements of customers at the meantime. So inventory management could be regard as a multi-objective optimization problem (MOOP). This work extends Agrell's (1995) inventory control problem from backorder to lost sales, and applies hybrid multi-objective particle swarm optimization (HMOPSO), which incorporates a local search and clustering method, to an inventory planning problem. Next, in order to avoid the redundancies in objective functions, we reorient Agrell's model to two multi-objective inventory control models emerge redundant objective, base on Agrell's objective, we construct two bi-objective inventory models, named the stockout occasions model (N-model) and the number of items stocked out model (B-model). Finally, backorder model is compared to lost sales model. On the views of decision variables, the average safety factor in lost sales model is grater than those in backorder model, but lot size is smaller than backorder model.


The main purpose of this paper is to correct the result of A. Suvarnamani that was published in this journal. In particular, A. Suvarnamani showed in [6] that (p, q, x, y, z) = (3, 5, 1, 0, 2) is the "unique solution" to the Diophantine equation p + q = z (1) where p is an odd prime, q−p = 2 and x, y and z are non-negative integers. The author, however, did not realize that (p, q, x, y, z) ∈ {(17, 19, 1, 1, 6), (71, 73, 1, 1, 12)} also satisfies equation (1) (cf. [4]). In the present paper, we give more solutions to (1). That is, we show that if the well-known Twin Prime Conjecture is true, then the Diophantine equation given by (1), where p and q are twin primes, has infinitely many solutions (p, q, x, y, z) in positive integers. Furthermore, we show that if the sum of p and q is a square, then (1) has the unique solution (x, y, z) = (1, 1, √ p+ q) in non-negative integers. AMS Subject Classification: 11D61


This paper reveals the dynamical behaviors of a coupled network consisting of a pair of five-neuron loops and couplings between the individual loops. Delays are introduced into the couplings between loops and the connections within the individual loops. The local stability of the network equilibrium and the existence of Hopf bifurcation are discussed. Rich dynamical behaviors are numerically observed, such as multiple stability switches and multi-stability.


Mathematics has been expressed in the language of visual metaphors since the earliest times. Examples are given from Old Babylonian, ancient Greek, and Renaissance traditions to suggest that solving the kinds of problems at the origins of contemporary number theory and algebra has historically been conceived as the process of divesting the solution of its invisibility. Visual metaphors have accompanied mathematics' evolution toward more abstraction over the past two centuries, but their nature has changed. What contemporary number theorists seek to bring to light is less the solution to an equation than the answer to the question: what question should we have been asking all along?


NETosis is a term that evolved following publication of an original article supposedly describing a novel form of programed neutrophil death that resulted in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) (1). NETosis was subsequently added to the cell death classifications, almost joining the ranks of other, better documented pathways, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagic cell death (2). Fuchs et al.'s (1) article seems to NETosis converts to be so seminal that reviewers deny publication to manuscripts in this area, which fail to reference it [Ref. (3); see Supporting Information; Peer Review Correspondence: URL: Link 1].


Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are expected to revolutionize a range of technologies because of their unique mechanical and electrical properties. Using nanotubes in structural materials holds significant promise due to their extremely high modulus and tensile strength, however their cost, production rate and integration into a fiber form severely limit the current structural application opportunities. The high cost of CNT is tied to their slow, batch synthesis using vapor phase, vacuum processes. We report the investigation of the formation of carbon nanotubes from a polymeric precursor using an electrospinning production process. Electrospinning generates nanofibers at velocities up to 10 m/s from a single nozzle without a vacuum requirement, with the potential to generate CNT appropriate from structural and electrical applications. Our CNT formation concept is based upon Reactive Empirical Bond order calculations that show carbon nanofibers have a thermodynamic preference for the cylindrical graphite conformation. Simulations suggest that for small diameter carbon fibers, less than about 60 nm, the single wall and multi wall nanotubes (SWNT and MWNT) phases are thermodynamically favored relative to an amorphous or planar graphitic nanofiber structure. We have developed a novel process using continuous electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers as precursors to continuous SWNT and MWNT. The process for converting PAN nanofibers to SWNT's and MWNT's follows the process for typical carbon fiber manufacture. The PAN nanofibers, of 10 to 100 nm in diameter, are crosslinked by heating in air and then decomposed to carbon via simple pyrolysis in inert atmosphere. The pyrolyzed carbon nanofibers are then annealed to form the more energetically favorable SWNT or MWNT phase, depending upon the precursor diameter. We will discuss the process and characterization data.


In this paper, we consider a wireless power transfer assisted uplink non-orthogonal multiple access (WPT-NOMA) network in Internet of things (IoT), where the battery-less IoT devices harvest the energy from the dedicated access point, based on linear and non-linear energy harvesting (EH) models. Furthermore, a novel hybrid successive interference cancellation (SIC) scheme is proposed so that the non-energy constrained IoT device can adaptively adjust the transmit power according to its channel fading gain. For the non-linear EH model, closed-form expressions of outage performance are derived, with the observation of the error outage floor at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region, and the asymptotic behavior of the error floor is derived by using the extreme value theory through increasing the number of IoT devices. For the linear EH model, the proposed hybrid SIC scheme can guarantee the uplink WPT-NOMA networks achieve full diversity gain for any target data rate of IoT devices. Simulation and analytical results verify that the proposed hybrid SIC scheme can overcome the existing works of the hybrid SIC scheme, where the error outage floor appears if the data rate of IoT devices is higher than a threshold value.


On the basis of the features of logistics enterprise,the basic elements of virtual logistics enterprise are analyzed;then a construction framework model and an operating model are designed.And finally,the probable problems in the operation of the virtual enterprise are analyzed.


Emotional intelligence and communication skills help, but another factor is crucial. After conducting close to two decades of research on instructional coaching, my colleagues and I at the Kansas Coaching Project at the University of Kansas Center for Research on Learning have come to believe that how we think about coaching significantly enhances or interferes with our success as a coach. We suggest that coaches take a partnership approach to collaboration.


Sewage sludge is an important amendment that enriches soils with organic matter and provides plants with nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. However, knowledge on the fate and effects of organic pollutants present in the sludge on soil organisms is limited. In the present study, the uptake of triclosan, galaxolide, and tonalide in the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta was measured 1 wk after amendment of agricultural soil with sewage sludge, while elimination kinetics were assessed over a 21‐d period after transferring worms to clean soil. After 1‐wk exposure, earthworms had accumulated 2.6 ± 0.6 μg g−1 galaxolide, 0.04 ± 0.02 μg g−1 tonalide, and 0.6 ± 0.2 μg g−1 triclosan. Both synthetic musks were efficiently excreted and below the limit of quantification after 3 and 14 d of depuration for tonalide and galaxolide, respectively. Triclosan concentrations, on the other hand, did not decrease significantly over the depuration period, which may lead to the transfer of triclosan in the food web. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2068–2073. © 2017 SETAC


Abstract This unique study provides information to logistics managers, retailers and governments about how consumer behaviour is modified following a large-scale disaster in a developed nation. Scanner data of purchases made in Christchurch supermarkets before and after the 2011 earthquake was used to identify immediate and short-term changes in consumer behaviour. In the immediate aftermath, consumers purchase increased levels of utilitarian products necessary for survival (e.g. water and non-perishable foods), but there is no evidence of increased consumption of hedonic or potentially harmful products. However, higher consumption of hedonic and harmful products does occur in the weeks after the disaster.


In this study, long memory property of the real interest rate is analyzed for Turkey by using the monthly data for the period 2003:02-2012:03. In this respect, firstly the stationarity of the real interest rate is tested by using the ADF, Phillips Perron and KPSS unit root tests. Afterwards real interest rate is proved to be fractionally integrated by using the ARFIMA model. The findings of the study indicate that the real interest rate in Turkey exhibits long memory and is highly persistent during the period considered.


ALTHOUGH THE THEORY of social choice has roots reaching back to the eighteenth century, major developments in the field have been concentrated in the last three decades. Its prime thrust is the analysis of the concept of rational choice as it extends from the individual to the collectivity. The main results of the theory were formulated in 1951 by Kenneth Arrow in his Impossibility Theorem, a statement to the effect that no democratic voting system can simultaneously satisfy a small set of reasonable sounding democratic conditions (values).' Consequently, social choice theorists have continued to propose other conditions which would either substitute for Arrow's or be evaluated on their own merit.2 One such condition is the reduction principle formalized by Peter Fishbuxn,3 in the spirit of Arrow's Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives.4 The intuitive appeal of this principle for democracy can be illustrated as follows: suppose that in a given election all voters prefer one candidate, X, to another, Y, (a situation which is formally labelled "Pareto Dominance" of X over Y). One would, then, expect X to be elected even if Y did not participate in the


With the data information of volatile increase and the demand of application, greater capacity, high availability storage system has been the study hotspot of network storage. To solve the above-mentioned issues, we mergemulti-NAS storage server into a big NAS cluster (NASC: NAS cluster) by storage virtualization. To guarantee high-availability and high-security for user' data,we have designed a NASC copy system, it can effectively copy user' data to NASC' NAS, or resume data from NASC' NAS. The paper emphasively discusses the design and implementation of NASC copy system.


This article employs cointegration and error-correction modelling to test the causal relationship between real income, exports and human capital stock using data for China over the period 1960 to 1999. We find that real exports, human capital and real income are cointegrated when real exports is the dependent variable, but are not cointegrated when human capital or real income are the dependent variable. In the short-run we find evidence of bi-directional Granger causality between human capital and real exports, unidirectional Granger causality running from real income to human capital and neutrality between real exports and real income.


This chapter deals with the coins issued by the Jews during the first revolt against Rome. The main literary source describing the events is the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus. The coins were minted during the first five years, from the outbreak of the war in 66 C.E., till the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 C.E. The revolt continued till the capture of the last stronghold of Masada in 73 C.E., but no coins were found bearing a date later than the fifth year. This may indicate that the manufacturing place was in Jerusalem, and once the city was captured by the Romans, the minting had been terminated. The coins were produced in silver and bronze. The coins minted by the Jewish rebels during the revolt are first-hand evidence independent of literary sources. Keywords:Flavius Josephus; iconography; Jerusalem; Jewish Revolt; metallurgy; minting authority; Rome


The equilibrium and stability of an elastic rod subjected to a wrench is studied. Stability conditions are given for the class of helical and straight solutions, generalizing the classical results of Greenhill.


The conventional methods to solve the multi-route choice problems in transportation domain usually focus on the feelings and behaviors of human beings, which lead the conclusion of conjectured not to be reasonable, such as fare clearing or passenger flow data forecast and distribution. In the modern urban rail transit network, modern operation pattern with the technology of internet of things in the ubiquitous computing environment supplies sufficient travel information of the passenger, with which we proposed a novel method to model multi-route choice problem by using bigraphical theories and offered an algorithm framework, which can be used to analyze the model in a quantitative way.


The tracked vehicle of deep-sea manganese nodules miner travels on very cohesive soft soil of deep-sea floor. The performance of the tracked vehicle depends on both designation of control factors, namely design variables, and influence strength of uncontrollable noise factors, namely design parameters. In this paper, robust design methodology is applied to the design of the tracked vehicle in order to minimize the variability, or, variance of system performance from noise factors. The environmental and operational conditions such as shear strength of soil and vehicle travel speed are selected as noise factors in this study. The width of track, contract length and weight and position of C.O.G. for vehicle and buoyancy module are chosen as control factors. The sinkage, slip, pitch angle and torque are determined as system performance. The system performances are obtained using the single body vehicle dynamic simulation program, TRACSIM. Screening using L27 orthogonal array for control factors and noise factors is performed to minimize the number of control factors and noise factors. The kriging approximation model is performed in order to get effectively the response value for a design set using DACE (Design and Analysis of Computer Experiments) and MES (Maximum Entropy Sampling). Objective function is defined as the weighted summation for 4 kinds of mean and variance of system performance. Constraints are defined as 4 kinds of inequality constraints for summation of mean and variance of each system performance. Mean and variance are directly calculated from the kriging approximation model based on assumption on gaussian distribution of noise factors. Robust optimal solution is obtained by using nonlinear constrained algorithm. The robust solution is compared with classical optimization one.


A semisynthetic derivative of the anthracycline antineoplastic antibiotic doxorubicin. As an antineoplastic agent, morpholinodoxorubicin is more potent than doxorubicin. Similar to doxorubicin, morpholinodoxorubicin intercalates into DNA and causes single- and double-strand breaks in DNA via inhibition of topoisomerase I and II. Unlike doxorubicin, this agent is metabolized in vivo to a DNA-alkylating derivative that forms DNA interstrand cross-links, thereby potentiating its doxorubicin-like cytotoxicity.


Introduction: Thermal release patterns of noble gases during pyrolysis of meteoritic diamonds provide information on the different components of noble gases and on the history of presolar grains [1]. However, the ordinary procedure of stepped heating (100C steps as a rule) does not allow resolving the fine structure of thermal patterns. We report the first results of continuous measurements of noble gas release during linear heating of the samples in vacuum. Experimental: The diamond samples (0.2-0.8 mg) were heated at a rate 7C/min up to 1600C in vacuum. A Ti-getter removed active gases during heating. The released noble gases were measured using a quadrupole mass spectrometer pumped at very low rate through a calibrated orifice. Three types of diamond grains were studied: presolar grains extracted from Murchison meteorite [2], ultradispersed detonation diamonds (UDD) and micro-sized synthetic diamonds both implanted with a noble gas ion mixture [3].


Urbanization is currently a global phenomenon, which has come with the dire need of providing and improving basic infrastructures. Local governments have also been charged with the acceleration of economic development in their municipalities. This has however, generated serious debate on the preparedness of the local governments in accomplishing this goal, considering the level of financial impropriety often leveled against them. To what extent therefore can the local governments manage our cities? This study proposes a capital market option as an alternative to check the financial impropriety of local councils and as a mechanism for involving the private sector in the efficient delivery of urban infrastructure in Nigeria. This paper is essentially of the view that the Nigerian local governments can manage the urban cities in Nigeria efficiently, if they adopt a market approach, by using the capital market sources of funding and not limiting themselves to statutory revenue allocations. It was also noted that there is enough infrastructure in place, to enable the local governments to access the capital market financing. However for this to be successful, further amendments are needed in the Nigerian constitution, to secure the fiscal autonomy of the local governments as contained in the 1989 federal Constitution. Key words: Local government financing; Municipal Bond; Urban development; Urban Infrastructure


The invention relates to a bistable state electric wetting display device. A first substrate is provided with a transparency electrode layer, a first dielectric layer and a first dewatering insulating layer in sequence. A second substrate is provided with a plurality of electrodes and a plurality of thin film transistor (TFT) switches. The electrodes and the TFT switches are arranged in a matrix shape and further provided with a second dielectric layer and a second dewatering insulating layer in sequence. Second partition walls which are corresponding to gaps among the electrodes are arranged on the surface of the second dewatering insulating layer. The second partition walls define pixel units. A pixel unit between the first dewatering insulating layer and the second first dewatering insulating layer is provided with a first fluid and a second fluid. The first fluid has electrical conductivity and used as a common electrode. The second fluid is oily. The second fluid moves from the surface of the first dewatering insulating layer to the surface of the second dewatering insulating layer, or moves from the surface of the second dewatering insulating layer to the surface of the first dewatering insulating layer under an electric wetting effect. After voltages are removed, images are kept for a long time, a bistable state effect is achieved, energy consumption is reduced, aperture ratio reaches one hundred percent, and a colorized effect is good.


(*) The following study was funded by the Economic and Strategic Studies Division of France Telecom with the support of Sonatel. The views expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of France Telecom.