Accident statistics and studies of driving behavior have shown repeatedly that curved roads are hazardous. It was hypothesized that the safety of curves could be improved by indicating in advance the course of the road in a more effective way than do traditional road signs. A code of sequences of stripes put on right edge of the pavement was developed to indicate to the driver the radius of the curve ahead. The main characteristic of this code was the frequency of transitions from code elements to gaps between elements. The effect of these markings was investigated on a driving simulator. Twelve subjects drove on simulated roads of different curvature and with different placement of the code in the approach zone. Some positive effects of the advance information could be observed. The subjects drove more steadily, more precisely, and with a more suitable speed profile.


Interleukin (IL)-10, a cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties, is well known to play a key role in infection by limiting the immune response to the pathogen and therefore prevent damage to the host. In the absence of IL-10, the immune response mounted against infectious pathogens can be over exuberant, leading to a better clearance of the pathogen, however this is accompanied by immunopathology, which is detrimental to the host. IL-10 is expressed by many cell types of the innate and adaptive immune response, suggesting that this cytokine may play a role at different stages and possibly different anatomical locations to inhibit inflammatory pathologies. In recent years, an increasing interest on the regulation of IL-10 gene expression has revealed some of the molecular mechanisms involved, at the level of chromatin remodelling, signal transduction and transcription factors. I will discuss our recent findings on the events that regulate the expression of IL-10, in dendritic cells, macrophages and T cells, and discuss the implications of IL-10 function in the regulation of the immune response to infectious pathogens. This is important for the design of new strategies for therapeutic intervention in dampening inflammatory pathologies or conversely enhancing immune responses to infectious pathogens.


Recent reports using the Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) suggest that a score of >7 is 100% accurate in predicting the need for amputation of severely injured lower extremities. To further evaluate the value of the MESS in predicting amputation, specifically with respect to type IIIB and type IIIC (Gustilo and Anderson) open fractures of the tibia, we retrospectively evaluated 24 patients with these injuries. A significant difference (p = 0.001) between MESS values of 13 salvaged (6.36 ± 0.35 SEM) and 11 amputated limbs (6.36 ± 0.54 SEM) was found. A MESS value of >4 was most sensitive (100%); a MESS value of >7 was most specific, and a MESS value of >7 was found to have a positive predictive value of 100%. Subsequently, we addressed recent criticisms of the MESS by including nerve injury in the scoring system and by separating soft-tissue and skeletal injury components of the MESS. We modified the MESS with a score called the NISSSA and applied it retrospectively to our cases. After careful statistical comparison we found both the MESS and NISSSA to be highly accurate (p < 0.005) in predicting amputation. The NISSSA was found to be more sensitive (81.8% versus 63.6%) and more specific (92.3 versus 69.2%).


We consider a network where each user is charged a fixed price per unit of bandwidth used, but where there is no congestion-dependent pricing. However, the transmission rate of each user is assumed to be a function of network congestion (like TCP), and the price per unit bandwidth. We are interested in answering the following question: how should the network choose the price to maximize its overall revenue? To obtain a tractable solution, we consider a single link accessed by many users where the capacity is increased in proportion to the number of users. We show the following result: as the number of users increases, the optimal price per unit bandwidth charged by the service provider may increase or decrease depending upon the bandwidth of the link. However, for all values of the link capacity, the service provider's revenue per unit bandwidth increases and the overall performance of each user (measured in terms of a function of its throughput, the network congestion and the cost incurred by the user for bandwidth usage) improves. Since the revenue per unit bandwidth increases, it provides an incentive for the service provider to increase the available bandwidth in proportion to the number of users.


Product lines are usually built for the long term in order to repay the initial investment. While long-term stable software systems are already hard, if they are developed individually, it is even harder for complete product lines. At the time a new product line is created, the details of future product line characteristics are typically not known, no matter how well and detailed scoping and planning is done. Thus, any product line needs to evolve and adapt over time to incorporate new customer requirements as well as new technology constraints.
 Stability of the product line architecture is very important to the successful long-term evolution of a product line. In this paper, we discuss how a form of domain decomposition, which we call conceptual architecture, can be used to guide product line engineering towards long-term viability. We will illustrate this approach in the context of a large-scale product line development and analyze the evolution properties of the product line. Transferability of the approach is suggested to other embedded software systems that drive mature, well-understood physical control system.


The work market in Geoscience will be deeply affected when the Brazilian economic growth be restored. Economic and political decisions can promote changes on the present scenaries. From the environmental conscience it is emerging a new ethics trending to a companionship where Man is recognized as an integer part of Nature without to feel special. The main trends in Geosciences comprise two linked professional fields: (a) the development of infrastructure – including prospecting for oil, gas, water and minerals as well as activities stimulating the productive economic sectors – and (b) the preservation of life and related infrastructure. Both branches must answer quite fast to strategical decisions. They are complementary and aim to develop harmonious relationships between Man and the environment. So, it is useless to define any relative priority between them.


The interaction of a series of fire-retardant additives with high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) has been inferred from their dynamic mechanical and thermal properties. High-melting additives phase separate and act as inert filler in both the rubber and polystyrene phases, while low-melting additives raise the Tg of the rubber phase and plasticize the polystyrene phase. Antimony oxide antiplasticizes the grafted rubber phase but acts as inert filler in the polystyrene phase. The impact strength of these fire-retardant HIPS's shows good correlation with the integrated loss tangent of the rubber Tg peak indicative of large energy dissipation in the rubbery region during impact causing the matrix to craze or flow. It is also suggested that additives which are compatible with, and localized in, the polystyrene phase help retain the impact strength of HIPS.


Poultry intern William Garton has been at another conference, only this time as a speaker. 'Poultry on the piste' is Minster Veterinary Practice's week-long conference that combines CPD with snow sports.


Background: Consumer satisfaction towards pharmacy services is an essential instrument for measuring the quality of pharmacy services offered to patients and the distribution of pharmacy care in hospitals. The obstacles to better health care services are inadequate access to quality drugs, high drug rates, poor education and lack of access to qualified health professional. Patients who are happy with the pharmaceutical provider are more likely to take medications properly and are less likely to replace health care providers. High quality of pharmaceutical service is required in order to sustain a consistent relationship with patient needs. This study aims to assess the patient's satisfaction about the pharmacy services, availability of drugs/medicines and its cost affordability at AVBR Hospital Wardha.
Methodology: This will be a descriptive cross-sectional research conducted at AVBRH, Wardha. Patients will be randomly selected and structured questionnaire will be administered with patients and pharmacists. The collected data will be analysed with suitable statistical tests.
Results: Result will reflect the patient satisfaction level with pharmacy services provided at hospital pharmacy and retail pharmacy of AVBRH.
Conclusion: Conclusions will be drawn on careful analysis of results.


An experiment (5 x 5 Latin Square) was conducted to estimate the physical fill of tropical forages and maximum intake capacity of five mature non-pregnant crossbred dairy heifers kept under zero grazing system. Five (5) forages [Brachiaria brizantha hay (BH), Maize (Zea mays) silage (MS), Lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay (LH), Lucerne and grass hay (LGH) and urea-treated rice straw (UTRS)) were used. The forages were fed as sole diets ad libitum with only minerals and vitamins supplements. Water was provided all the time and measured daily. Voluntary feed intake (VFJ) and faecal output were measured for seven days. Degradability characteristics were obtained in situ using the nylon bag technique. Rumen pool size of NDF was measured by rumen evacuation technique. Passage rates were calculated based on faecal output and rumen pool size of NDF. There was a marked difference (P<0. 000l) between the rate and extent at which NDF for tropical forages was degraded. The rate of passage (% h -1 ) was different (P<0.03) between forage diets with values ranging from 1.4 to 1.8 for MS and UTRS, respectively. Rumen pool sizes of NDF were different (P<0.01) between forage diets and weighed 4.8, 3.8, 4.7, 5.2 and 4.5 kg for BH, MS, LH, LGH and UTRS, respectively. Fill (days) also varied between forage diets and ranged from 1.4 for UTRS to 1.8 for MS. The intake capacity of animals for NDF were different (P<0.01), highest in animals fed LGH (5.0 kg -1 ) and lowest in animals fed MS 3.1 kg -1 ). Using predicted NDF intake (PNDFJ) based on NDF degradability characteristics and passage rates derived from faecal output and rumen pool size of NDF, good prediction of dry matter intake was obtained (R 2 = 0.70). It was concluded that a system of describing the physical fill of NDF in tropical forages could be used to predict VFI in cattle. Keywords: Prediction of intake, tropical forages, NDF kinetics Tanzania J.Agric.Sc. (200S),Vol. 6 No.2, 80-91


The invention discloses a high-toughness shock-resistance scooter wheel. The high-toughness shock-resistance scooter wheel comprises a wheel core and a tire, and is characterized in that the scooter wheel is a double-layer structure and comprises an inner layer wheel core and an outer layer tire; both the tire 20 and the wheel core 10 are polyurethane rings, and the density of the polyurethane in the polyurethane ring forming the wheel core is large; the density of the polyurethane in the polyurethane ring forming the tire is small; the hardness of the wheel core is 55D, and the hardness of the tire is 80A to 88A; the junction of the wheel core and the tire is provided with an anti-dropping adhesive buckling structure, and the upper end and the lower end of the wheel core are respectively provided with an arc groove; the outer side of the tire is an arc structure. The scooter wheel is a double-layer structure, both the inner layer and the outer layer adopts the PU material, on one hand, the weight of the wheel can be reduced through the structural design of the wheel, the consumable also can be reduced, and the production cost can be reduced, and on the other hand, the shock resistance of the wheel can be improved.


The invention belongs to automobile technology, and discloses a nonmetal material of a high and low temperature toughness modified polypropylene material for manufacturing automobile parts, and a preparation method thereof. In the prior art, a synthetic material is added to improve the low temperature toughness of polypropylene, but the low temperature toughness of the material is not ideal. The polypropylene material consists of the following raw materials in part by weight: 50 to 70 parts of polypropylene, 10 to 30 parts of filler, 5 to 15 parts of toughening agent, 1 to 5 parts of natural butadiene rubber, 0.1 to 0.5 part of light weathering agent, 0.1 to 0.5 part of antioxidant and 0.1 to 0.5 part of lubricant. The natural butadiene rubber is used as a low temperature toughening agent to avoid the toughening agent synthesis barrier. The invention has the advantages that: the material has good low temperature toughness, has the notch impact strength at -30DEG C ISO180 of more than 6.5kJ/M , and exceeds the conventional high-end modified polypropylene material (GMW15340); the process is simple, and the cost is low; and the raw materials are readily available and the manufacturing process is environment-friendly.


We demonstrate the seeded spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SP-FWM) process associated with the fluorescence signals of Pr3+:YSO both theoretically and experimentally. For the first time, the dressed SP-FWM processes are observed by self-dressing and/or external-dressing in this crystal. Various possible amplification processes are discussed by selectively seeding various multi-wave mixing (MWM) signals. Two contributions of the dressing effect and the dipole–dipole interaction to the linewidths of the SP-FWM signal and the conjugate signal of the seeding MWM signal associated with the fluorescence signal have been distinguished. In addition, the Autler–Townes-like (or Autler–Townes) splitting effect of the fluorescence spectrum induced by itself (or external) field and the mutual interaction between two fluorescence signals are investigated which are well explained using the presented theoretical model. Such results can find potential applications in all-optical communication and optical information processing on a photonic chip.


The invention provides a light and high-storage-ratio on-orbit truss unfolding structure. The light and high-storage-ratio on-orbit truss unfolding structure comprises triangular frames, lower supporting rods, drive torsional springs, an upper supporting rod and limiting leaf springs. When the truss structure is in the folded state, the upper supporting rod and the lower supporting rods are folded in the edge length direction of the triangular frames in the manner that folding is conducted at the positions of the drive tornsional springs, and are driven by the tornsional springs to be unfolded after the truss structure is on orbit, and mechanical limiting parts and the leaf springs between the upper supporting rod and the lower supporting rods are locked at the same time at the completely-unfolded positions after the unfolding process is finished. The light and high-storage-ratio on-orbit truss unfolding structure solves the problem that truss structures on part of satellites need to be unfolded on orbit. The truss unfolding structure has the high storage ratio (7%), and meanwhile the unfolding structure has the beneficial effects of being light in weight, high in rigidity and reliability, and the like.


Motion planning algorithms for automated vehicles need to assess the intended behavior of other Traffic Participants (TPs), in order to predict the likely future trajectory of TPs and plan the motion consequently. Information resulting from several sources, like sensors, must be gathered and combined into a reliable estimate of the intended behavior of TPs. Such estimates must be sufficiently steady and quantify the inherent uncertainty around the assessment. We present a novel information fusion algorithm to combine information from different sources into a coherent and reliable estimate. To explicitly account for the uncertainty of estimates, we leverage the Belief Function Theory and evaluate and handle possible disagreements between estimates individually provided by the sources. The algorithm is flexible and can also handle sources that do not discern between some of the considered behaviors and are only capable of assessing the probability of unions or clusters of different behaviors. We discuss the strengths of the approach through simulations in SUMO, comparing it to the Interactive Multiple Model algorithm.


Noise action planning following the European Directive on Environmental Noise is for many cities a new, additional task. It will probably be not very successful when considered as mere duty separated from other urban policy areas. Today, noise does not rank high on the local political agenda. Human and financial resources provided for noise abatement tend to be low. Furthermore, looking at concrete noise abatement measures it becomes clear that most effective measures also impact on other policy areas (air quality, mobility, etc.). Therefore it is advisable to link noise action planning closely with other urban plans like development plans, mobility plans, clean air programmes, etc. This requires a strong involvement of the relevant stakeholders as well as knowledge about the potential impact of noise abatement measures on other policy areas. To support local authorities in this complex task the SILENCE project developed a guidebook which comprises recommendations on organisational settings, on the involv...


s, ISTW2009, U. Wisconsin, Madison, WI, U.S.A., October 22-24, 2009 October 5, 2009 Leader Author Institution Title E-mail Comments I/C 1) Battaglia, Devon ORISE/ORNL Overview of L-H Power Threshold Studies in NSTX firstname.lastname@example.com; C 2) Bigelow, Tim ORNL 28-GHz, 350-kW gyrotron capabilities for startup on MAST firstname.lastname@example.com; 10/22-23 only Abstract C 3) Bongard, Michael U. Wisconsin – Madison Edge Stability Studies at high  in the PEGASUS Toroidal Experiment firstname.lastname@example.com; C 4) Conway, Neil UKAEA Fusion Enhancements and exploitation of beam spectroscopy diagnostics on MAST email@example.com; C 5) Ennis, David U. Washington New Understanding and Achievements from Independent Injector Drive Experiments on HIT-SI firstname.lastname@example.com; 10/22-23 only I 6) Fonck, Ray U. Wisconsin PEGASUS Toroidal Experiment and future prospects email@example.com; Abstract I 7) Gao, Zhe Tsinghua U. Recent results from SUNIST and future plans email@example.com; I 8) Idei, Hiroshi Kyushu Tokai U. Recent Progress in the QUEST and Development of CW EBWH/CD S firstname.lastname@example.com; I 9) Keeling, David UKAEA Fusion Modelling plasma scenarios for MAST-Upgrade: Neutral beam requirements, sensitivity studies and stability firstname.lastname@example.com; C 10) Kotschenreuther, Mike U. Texas – Austin An ST fusion neutron driver for possible hybrid application email@example.com; Abstract C 11) Leuer, Jim GA Transformer-less startup on DIII-D email@example.com; Abstract C 12) Lloyd, Brian UKAEA Fusion Recent results from MAST and future plans firstname.lastname@example.com; I 13) Maekawa, Takashi Kyoto U. Equilibrium analysis of EC current ramp-up plasma in the LATE device email@example.com; I 14) Majeski, Dick PPPL The Lithium Tokamak eXperiment (LTX) – Status and Plans firstname.lastname@example.com; I 15) Mansfield, Dennis PPPL The Effects of Lithium Coatings on NSTX Performance email@example.com; C 16) Menard, Jon PPPL Recent NSTX Research Highlights email@example.com; I 17) Menard, Jon PPPL Prospects for a next step ST email@example.com; Abstract C 18) Miloshevsky, Gennady Purdue U. Modeling of melt layer erosion and splashing during plasma instabilities email@example.com; C 19) Ono, Masayuki PPPL NSTX Upgrade Plan and Status firstname.lastname@example.com; C 20) Nelson, Brian U. Washington Demonstration of 200 kA CHI Startup Current Coupling to Transformer Drive on NSTX email@example.com; C 21) Peng, Martin ORNL Fusion Nuclear Science mission and ST parameter options email@example.com; Abstract C 22) Redd, Aaron U. Wisconsin Non-solenoidal startup using point-source helicity injection in the PEGASUS Toroidal Experiment firstname.lastname@example.com; C 23) Sabbagh, Steve Columbia U. NSTX MHD Research and Recent Results email@example.com; 10/23-24 only Abstract C 24) Sabbagh, Steve Columbia U. ST Research Thrust Report of the U.S. Fusion Research Needs Workshop (ReNeW) email@example.com; 10/23-24 only Abstract I 25) Shaing, Kerchung NCKU, U. Wisconsin Theory for Neoclassical Toroidal Plasma Viscosity in Toroidally Symmetric Plasmas firstname.lastname@example.com; 10/22-23 only C 26) Sharma, Sanjeev K. Kyushu U. Measurement of the Plasma Driven Permeation Flux in the Spherical Tokamak QUEST firstname.lastname@example.com; 10/22-23 only C 27) Sizyuk, Valeryi Purdue U. Integrated Approach to Modeling Impact of Plasma Instabilities on Liquid Lithium Surface in NSTX Device email@example.com; C 28) Sontag, Aaron ORNL High-priority research topics to enable an ST-based fusion neutron source email@example.com; Abstract C 29) Takase, Yuichi U. Tokyo RF Start-up, Heating and Current Drive Studies on TST-2 and UTST email@example.com; I 30) Yamada, Takuma U. Tokyo Merging Start-up and Sustainment Experiments on UTST firstname.lastname@example.com; C 31) Zeng, Long Tsinghua U. Investigation of some MHD events in SUNIST firstname.lastname@example.com; C * I = Invited (30 min + 10 min), C = Contributed (20 min + 5 min) ** up to 10 invited, and up to 21 contributed talks. Overview of LH Power Threshold Studies in NSTX D.J. Battaglia1, R. Maingi2, S.M. Kaye3, and the NSTX Team 1 Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education 2 Oak Ridge National Laboratory 3 Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Recent experiments on NSTX have characterized the variation in the L‐H power threshold (PLH) with a number of operational parameters. PLH was observed to be a minimum near a double null configuration, and tended to increase as the plasma was shifted more strongly toward a lower single null (LSN) configuration with the grad‐B drift in the favorable direction. PLH in the LSN configuration was found to be similar for medium ( ~ 0.55) and high ( ~ 0.7) triangularity discharges, but ~50% smaller for low ( ~ 0.4) triangularity discharges. PLH was also seen to be reduced by ~50% for LSN discharges when a thick coating of lithium was applied to the lower divertor. Experiments on NSTX consistently observe that PLH strongly depends on the plasma current, independent of the non‐inductive heating and momentum source (RF or NBI). These results imply that PLH on NSTX is fairly independent of plasma rotation. Finally, PLH was found to increase by up to ~70% with the modification of the plasma edge using an applied non‐axisymmetric n=3 magnetic perturbation. The details of the observed dependence of PLH with the density and temperature profile evolutions will be presented and compared to recent simulations. Edge Stability Studies at high  in the PEGASUS Toroidal Experiment M.W. Bongard, R.J. Fonck, E.T. Hinson, B.A. Kujak-Ford, B.T. Lewicki, A.J. Redd, G.R. Winz Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 Large-scale, coherent, high-m filamentary edge instabilities are routinely observed under conditions of high edge current density in the PEGASUS Toroidal Experiment. These instabilities exhibit properties strikingly similar to Edge Localized Mode observations in large, highperformance advanced tokamak plasmas. In particular, the filaments are observed via high-speed imaging and local magnetic field fluctuation measurements to have lowto intermediate-n, large poloidal coherence lengths (over the majority of the poloidal cross-section), to rotate in the poloidal direction, and to explosively detach from the plasma edge region and propagate radially outward. Local edge measurements with scanning magnetic and electrostatic probes indicate these ELM-like structures have both magnetic and electrostatic turbulence properties. A coherent electromagnetic signature is particularly evident in the 100-200 kHz spectral range. This signature vanishes rapidly with distance from the last closed flux surface, consistent with a MHD origin and high m. These ELM-like structures may be explained by peeling-ballooning stability theory. Because PEGASUS is a very low field ST (Bt,0 ≤ 0.1 T at R0 = .45 m) and operates with high edge current density (jedge ≈ 100 kA/m), plasmas in PEGASUS can naturally have high peeling instability drive, proportional to  , comparable to that achieved in H-mode operation on larger experiments. It is thus reasonable to expect peeling modes in PEGASUS, although the large relative  is due to the low magnetic field and strong dIp/dt (≤ 50 MA/s) driving jedge as opposed to the presence of a strong pressure gradient and associated bootstrap current in the edge. PEGASUS offers a unique opportunity to study detailed properties of peeling-ballooning instabilities, in that the edge current and pressure profiles can readily be measured in detail via insertable probes. To that end, a new magnetic probe array and a scanning Langmuir probe assembly are being installed on PEGASUS. They will provide measurements of Pe(R,t), Bz(R,t) with high spatial and temporal resolution for comparison to peeling-ballooning stability theory with direct experimental constraint on both the edge current and pressure profiles in equilibrium reconstructions. Work supported by US DOE grant DE-FG02-96ER54375. Enhancements and exploitation of beam spectroscopy diagnostics on MAST N.J. Conway, M.F.M. De Bock, A.R. Field, C.A. Michael, W. Wisse, R.J. Akers, L.C. Appel and the MAST Team UKAEA Fusion, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB, United Kingdom There have been a number of recent enhancements and additions to the beam spectroscopy suite on MAST. The key addition is a new high-resolution MSE diagnostic, which has now been commissioned to over 30 spatial channels. With time resolution of ~ 1 ms and polarisation angle noise levels of ~ 0.5°, its performance has already exceeded the design targets. The existing CXRS diagnostic has been enhanced with the addition of a dedicated toroidal background view to help compensate for the bright passive emission, and the availability of time-resolved carbon temperature and rotation profiles has improved significantly. We are currently exploring the possibility of building a fast-ion D (FIDA) diagnostic to augment the existing tools for studying the fast-ion population (at present a compact neutral particle analyser (CNPA) is operational and a scanning multi-channel neutron camera is being installed), and have recently been gathering proof-of-principle data and performing modelling as part of a feasibility study. A 2D BES diagnostic is also under construction and will be commissioned in the coming months. The physics campaigns are exploiting these diagnostics in many areas, including current-drive, stability and transport. Dramatic improvements in equilibrium reconstruction using MSEconstrained EFIT (both with and without pressure-profile constraints from kinetics) have been effected. MSE is a key tool in the interpretation of off-axis neutral beam current-drive behaviour. The combination of MSE and CXRS allows us to study the relationship between rotational and magnetic shear in the evolution of internal transport barriers (ITBs), as well as the dynamics of MHD phenomena such as internal reconnection events (IREs). Poloidal rotation measurements from the CXRS sys


Abstract The metabolism of the tobacco-specific carcinogen, N′ -nitrosonornicotine, was studied in the rat. Emphasis was placed on metabolic α-hydroxylation, which is a likely activation pathway for this compound. Since α-hydroxynitrosamines are unstable, the hydrolyses of the model compounds 2′-acetoxy- N′ -nitrosonomicotine and 5′-acetoxy- N′ -nitrosonomicotine were studied to determine the products resulting from decomposition of 2′-hydroxy- N′ -nitrosonornicotine and 5′-hydroxy- N′ -nitrosonornicotine. Hydrolysis of 2′-acetoxy- N′ -nitrosonornicotine gave myosmine (50 to 60%) and 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (5 to 10%) as the main products, whereas 5′-acetoxy- N′ -nitrosonornicotine yielded predominantly 2-hydroxy-5-(3-pyridyl)tetrahydrofuran (60 to 70%). Hydrolysis of an additional model compound for 2′-hydroxylation, 4-( N -carbethoxy- N -nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone also gave 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (50 to 60%). These results support the intermediacy of electrophilic diazohydroxides and/or carbonium ions in the decomposition of 2′-hydroxy- N′ -nitrosonornicotine and 5′-hydroxy- N′ -nitrosonornicotine. These electrophiles may be active forms of N′ -nitrosonornicotine since all three model compounds were mutagenic towards Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 without enzymatic activation. To demonstrate metabolic α-hydroxylation of N′ -nitrosonornicotine, the products of decomposition of 2′-hydroxy- N′ -nitrosonornicotine and 5′-hydroxy- N′ -nitrosonornicotine were identified as metabolites. When N′ -[2′- 14 C]nitrosonornicotine was incubated with rat liver microsomes, O 2 , and a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-generating system, 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and 2-hydroxy-5-(3-pyridyl)tetrahydrofuran were identified as their 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives. Myosmine was also formed in vitro . When male F-344 rats were given s.c. Injections of N′ -[2′- 14 C]nitrosonornicotine, 73 to 85% of the dose appeared in the 48-hr urine. The major metabolites resulting from α-hydroxylation of N′ -nitrosonornicotine in vivo were 4-(3-pyridyl)-4-oxobutyric acid, 4-hydroxy-4-(3-pyridyl)-butyric acid, and 5-(3-pyridyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-one which are metabolic oxidation products of 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and 2-hydroxy-5-(3-pyridyl)tetrahydrofuran.


The article deals with the issues of criminal liability for abuses in the sphere of procurement for state and municipal needs of the Russian Federation. The state and its law enforcement agencies reliably protect the budget sphere of Russia and its economic sovereignty, effectively protecting our state from the destructive impact of external and internal threats and factors, from dangers and various kinds of negative challenges and risks in the field of economic security of the Russian Federation. The relevance of this article lies in the fact that it indicates that this direction is in the modern mainstream of the world trends in the development of criminal law impact on modern crime in the sphere of ensuring the security of the country's budget sector, the dominant role in which is played by the state authorities of Russia and institutions of modern Russian civil society, which is very relevant at this time. The originality of the material consists in the fact that at the present time in Russia there is a comprehensive and well-developed theoretical base for the effective formation of a system of criminal legal measures to ensure counteraction to abuses in public procurement, which is legally fixed by the modern legal framework. Among the state bodies, the subjects whose activities are aimed at effectively ensuring the security of the budget sphere of the Russian Federation and its economic entities have been identified. The conclusion of the article is that based on a generalized analysis of the legal framework of the Russian Federation, existing theoretical views and suggestions and comments made by the author, the author proposes a conceptually new approach to the definition of criminal law measures to ensure the security of the budget sphere of the Russian Federation in countering crime in the field of public procurement, the essence of which (in a generalized form) is reflected in the provisions of this article.


Investigation was performed on one county's rural buildings in northwest of Shandong province.The aseismic performance of buildings in this region was evaluated,with a detailed analysis of pitfalls of the structures.Choosing Tianjin wave,which is near the area,El-Centro wave and an item of artificial wave,the most common and prospective structures were analysed in this region through the finite-element method.The result shows that even under basic fortification intensity,the structures are in danger because of excessive relative deformation in the roof.According to the features of the building,the corresponding improvement measures were proposed,which were verified through calculation.It is urgent to improve rural dwellings seismic performance.


Benign solid tumours of the kidney are rare and their anatomo-pathological features are given according to Lakey's classification. Although reports of such tumours are few (0.24%) in a wide study using abdominal echography, some post-mortem data assign an incidence of 5.2% to renal leiomyomas. The authors report a case of right kidney leiomyoma in a 69-year-old man who had undergone right radical nephrectomy. Diagnosis was only possible after the histological examination.


The impact of Arctic sea ice decline on future global tidal and storm surge extreme water levels is unknown. Regional studies show that the impact can be substantial; causing increased erosion and posing higher risks to fragile Arctic ecosystems in low-lying areas. Since Arctic tides and surges influence global water levels, consequences of Arctic sea ice decline will be noticed across the globe. In the ongoing FAST4Nl project, an Arctic Total Water Level model will be used to quantify this impact. The model will be developed as an extension of the operational Global Tide and Surge Model (GTSM) and includes the effect of sea ice on tides.

Here we present the results of a study on the seasonal variability of the M2 tide with respect to differences in sea ice cover. The effect of sea ice on the M2 amplitude was modelled for minimal and maximal sea ice configurations. In addition, tidal harmonic analysis was performed on a global tide gauge data set, supplemented by SAR altimeter derived water levels from the Arctic region. The high along-track resolution of SAR altimeters (300 m) enables to derive water levels from leads in the sea ice. Here, the retrieved sea surface heights within a given region were stacked, in order to obtain a sufficiently large data set for analysis of the predominantly ice-covered areas. This allowed to gain insight in the seasonal modulation of both local and global tides and directly relate these processes to variations in sea ice.


The concept of preemptive analgesia is to decrease the incidence of hyperalgesia and allodynia by reducing central sensitization. This article summarizes the current knowledge of physiological mechanism, clinical methods and a series of experimental studies about preemptive analgesia. Whether preemptive analgesic interventions are effective in reducing acute and chronic postoperative pain remains controversial at present.


Herein, we report on achieving ultra-high electron density (exceeding 1014 cm−2) in a GaN bulk material device by ionic liquid gating, through the application of atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 to passivate the GaN surface. Output characteristics demonstrate a maximum drain current of 1.47 A/mm, the highest reported among all bulk GaN field-effect transistors, with an on/off ratio of 105 at room temperature. An ultra-high electron density exceeding 1014 cm−2 accumulated at the surface is confirmed via Hall-effect measurement and transfer length measurement. In addition to the ultra-high electron density, we also observe a reduction of the contact resistance due to the narrowing of the Schottky barrier width on the contacts. Taking advantage of the ALD surface passivation and ionic liquid gating technique, this work provides a route to study the field-effect and carrier transport properties of conventional semiconductors in unprecedented ultra-high charge density regions.


It is a well-known fact that the extent of unionization is less in states with right-to-work (RTW) laws. A framework is developed for determining whether RTW laws actually cause a decrease in the extent of unionization or whether they simply mirror preexisting tastes of workers against unions. A set of empirical tests is proposed that can distinguish between these explanations based on differences between RTW and non-RTW states in the demand for union representation, the supply of union jobs relative to that demand, and the observed union/nonunion wage differential. These tests are implemented using disaggregated data from the Quality of Employment Survey and the Current Population Survey, and a pattern is found that is consistent with the hypothesis that RTW laws simply mirror preexisting preferences against union representation.


This study aimed to investigate alterations in whole‐brain functional connectivity after a concussion using graph‐theory analysis from global and local perspectives and explore the association between changes in the functional network properties and cognitive performance.


Room temperature negative differential resistance is demonstrated in a unipolar GaN-based tunneling hot electron transistor. Such a device employs tunnel-injected electrons to vary the electron energy and change the fraction of reflected electrons, and shows repeatable negative differential resistance with a peak to valley current ratio of 7.2. The device was stable when biased in the negative resistance regime and tunable by changing collector bias. Good repeatability and double-sweep characteristics at room temperature show the potential of such device for high frequency oscillators based on quasi-ballistic transport.


With the introduction of WorldFIP and assimilating the technology of foreign trains,this paper proposes an approach of the WorldFIP slave node using MicroFIP on the basis of analysis on WorldFIP,using CPLD to decode the high address of PC/104 and realizes the interchange of the similar products of ALSTOM.The systems are totally compatible to each other.


Fourier and anarchism, E.S. Mason Saint Simonism and the rationalization of industry, E.S. Mason Keynes and Proudhon, Dudley Dillard Pierre Jospeh Proudhon, harbinger of fascism, J. Salwyn Schapiro a reconsideration of Hobson's theory of unemployment, D.J. Coppock Foster and catchings - a reappraisal, Alan H. Gleason Saint-Simon and the origins of scientism and historicism, Peyton V. Lyon Foster and catchings - a mathematical reappraisal, John A. Carlson socialism and the Jews, George Lichtheim Charles Fourier - prophet of eupsychia, Daniel Bell John A. Hobson - economic heretic, W.H. Richmond the Saint-Simonians in industry and economic development, John C. Eckalbar.


Background: Direct laryngoscopy is a day case procedure used for diagnosis and sometimes in treatment of laryngeal tumors. It is a short procedure that requires complete relaxation and rapid recovery. Rocuronium emerged as a good alternative to succinylcholine with better profile. Adding magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) to rocuronium can accelerate its onset of action with better relaxation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of MgSO4 when added to low dose of rocuronium on neuromuscular blockade and anesthetic profile. Methodology: Sixty ASA I-II patients, scheduled for direct laryngoscopy were randomly allocated to group R: received rocuronium dose of 0.6 mg/kg and group RM: low dose rocuronium 0.4 mg/kg and MgSO4 50 mg/kg. Results: RM group showed shorter onset, and less time to achieve deep level of neuromuscular blockade but prolonged duration when compared to R group (P value = 0.035, <0.001 and <0.001 respectively). Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure and BIS values were lower in RM group compared to R group. Conclusions: Adding MgSO4 to low dose rocuronium hastens its onset of action and shorten the time needed to achieve deep blockade but with prolonged duration. It had a favorable anesthetic profile when compared to conventional anesthesia.


With ISSR method,the paper studied genetic diversity of 60 individuals in two populations of Pinus koraiensis plantation in Benxi CaoHekou forest farm.Through the amplification of ISSR with 14 primers,90 loci in which 65 were polymorphic were detected and percentage of polymorphic loci was 0.722 2.Nei's index showed the levels of genetic diversity of Xiquegou population(0.278 9) was higher than Lieshimu population(0.271 2);Shannon's index got the same result with Nei's.This study confirmed that P.koraiensis plantation in CaoHekou forest farm save the more genetic diversity.


A study was conducted for sensory analysis and microbial assay for the cookies supplemented with refined wheat flour, sweet potato flour and whey proteins concentrate (WPC-80). The cookies made were nutritious Sensory evaluation for microbial study conducted Results from sensory analysis revealed that all treatment combinations are in acceptable level. Among all, T 3 HT1 (20% SPF and 20% WPC) best in overall acceptability. The SPC ranges from 1.400±0.548 to 4.400±0.548 from 0 th to 30 th days, Yeast and mould was NIL in 0 th and 15 th day on 30 th it Coli forms count is NIL 0 th th 30 th for different treatment


The differential cross-sections of the elastic and inelastic α +13C scattering have been measured at E(α) = 29MeV. The radii of the exited states: 3.09 (1/2+) and 8.86 (1/2−) MeV were determined using the Modified Diffraction Model. The radii of these excited states are larger than that of the ground state of 13C, confirming the suggestion that the 8.86 (1/2−) MeV state could be an analog of the Hoyle state in 12C and the 3.09 (1/2+) MeV state has a neutron halo. The possibility of coexistence of various exotic states in the structure of the 13C nucleus is shown.


A convergence model of interest rates explains the evolution of the domestic short rate in connection with the European rate. The first model of this kind was proposed by Corzo and Schwartz in 2000 and its  generalizations were studied later. In all these models, the European rates are modelled by a one-factor  model. This, however, does not provide a satisfactory fit to the market data. A better fit can be obtained  using the model, where the short rate is a sum of two unobservable factors. Therefore, we build the  convergence model for the domestic rates based on this evolution of the European market. We study the  prices of the domestic bonds in this model, which are given by the solution of the partial di®erential  equations. In general, it does not have an explicit solution. Hence we suggest an analytical approximative  formula and derive order of its accuracy in a particular case.


Recently, Ethnoscience learning has become the focus of researchers in various regions. It provides a mixed-nuance of culture and science. This learning is a breakthrough in the world of education because it combines science and culture. This research aimed to identify the influence of Ethnoscience learning on students' scientific literacy. The method employed was a meta-analysis. This data source was ten research articles obtained from the Scopus database based on specific search criteria. The analysis was done through 5 stages, namely Orientation, Conceptualization, Investigation, Discussion, and Conclusion. Based on the analysis of the research results, Ethnoscience learning significantly increased students' scientific literacy. Therefore, Ethnoscience learning in schools is very important to improve students' scientific literacy skills in developing science education for students in the 21st-century and to keep environment.


Keeping cover crops to reduce nitrogen leaching often conflicts with timing tillage operations before the soil becomes un-trafficable during winter, while leaving cover crops in the field until spring raises concerns over pre-emptive competition with the following crop. Therefore, farmers may resort to tilling their fields in autumn after letting cover crops remain in the fields for only a short period of time. We explore the effects of this practice in a laboratory lysimeter setting by analyzing the leaching of nitrate from intact topsoil cores. Cores were extracted from no-till (NT) plots and plots tilled in autumn (AuT), in areas kept bare (B) and with volunteer winter rye plant cover (V) after harvest. Nitrate breakthrough curves show that V significantly reduced N leaching by 61% relative to B in NT, but did not have a significant effect in AuT. Dissection of leached cores and undisturbed reference cores indicated a significant removal of mineral N from the soil during the lysimeter experiment for all treatments except V in NT. This indicates that volunteer cover removed a crucial amount of leachable N and suggests that tillage counteracted the effect of V in AuT, likely due to a combination of reduced uptake and re-mineralization of N in cover crop residue.


Abstract The dairy industry generates wastewater characterised by high levels of biological and chemical oxygen demands representative of their high degree of organic content; mainly carbohydrates, proteins and fats that originate from milk. Several investigations have been conducted into the reuse of dairy wastewater, e.g. membrane processes are a promising method to treat such wastewater. Earlier works have proven that with membrane filtration an appropriate degree of retention can be achieved and the permeate can be reused. However, membrane fouling is a limiting factor in these processes. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are widely used in the fields of water and wastewater treatments and are known for their capability to mineralise a wide range of organic compounds. AOPs also exhibit some other effects on the filtration process, e.g. the microflocculation effect of ozone may play a significant role in increasing the elimination efficiency and causing a decreased level of irreversible fouling. By comparing ozone and Fenton pre-treatment (FPT) processes it can be shown that the fouling propensity of pre-treated pollutants does not depend on the pre-treatment method, while FPT was proven to be more efficient in improving the level of flux.


In video stream transmission over unreliable networks, the loss of a packet may result in an entire video frame, which may consequently cause severe degradation of all subsequent frames. To solve the problem, based on prediction, presented in this paper is a new pre- and post processing method with flexible redundancy insertion between descriptions for Frame-based multiple description code. The simulation shows that the presented method demonstrates its adequate efficiency in preventing error propagation. Moreover, the system is more robust in the case of packet-loss over different networks.


The DIMM tree architecture was proposed to overcome the drawbacks of the traditional DIMM interface methods such as multi-drop bus and point-to-point links. As the DIMM tree architecture has a tree topology, the most important function of the DIMM tree architecture is the command routing function between upper-level and lower-level DIMMs. In order to implement this function, it uses a special type of DIMMs, called tree DIMMs (T-DIMMs). However, because the pre-proposed T-DIMM uses the command routing method based on routing tables, some problems occur such as hardware cost increase due to the routing table, routing table initialization, and limitation in the number of ranks in one T-DIMM. To solve such problems, this paper proposes a command routing method based on a T-DIMM ID without the routing table. The proposed method was modeled with a register transfer model (RTL). The model of the proposed method has 2 ranks per T-DIMM, and doesn't use the routing table for command. This RTL model was synthesized into the gate-level model. The experimental results confirmed that hardware cost of the proposed method is reduced dramatically while its performance is the same, as compared with the previous routing method in the DIMM tree architecture.


Decades after the world officially recognized a human right to gender equality, women remain largely excluded from the upper ranks of government and business, earn less than their male co-workers and face an array of customs, traditions and attitudes that limit their opportunities. Are governments, businesses and the international community putting money behind their resolutions calling for women's advancement? Are international aid budgets, government funds and private sector resources being spent in ways that narrow economic, social and political inequalities between men and women?


Comparison of Three Airway Devices Used by Prehospital TeamsDuring Simulated Difficult Airway: A Based Study. Abstract Background: Supraglottic Airway(SGA)s are recommended for airway management in emergency situations as alternatives for tracheal intubation, especially for inexperienced personnel. The aim of this study was to compare the two newer SGAs; the I-Gel and the ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA), with the Combitube used by prehospital team members in simulated difficult airway management situations. Methods: Fifty two paramedics and Emergency Medical Technicians working in the Antalya 112 Emergency Medical Service (EMS) were involved this study. Participants were given a brief lecture and supervised a mannequin training in using the three devices. Afterwards they were asked to place the airway device under a simulated difficult airway scenario in a mannequin. For each participant the success rate (successful positioning at the first attempt), insertion time and number of attempts for success ful positioning of each device was recorded. The participants reported their ease of placement with each device using a 100-cm Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results: All airway devices were inserted without problems. The success rate was significantly higher with the I-Gel and PLMA than with the CT (p<0.05). The mean insertion time was shorter with the I-Gel than with the CT (p<0.05) or the PLMA (p>0.05). None of the participants failed to insert each device after three attempts. The median number of attempts for successful positioning of the devices were 2, 1.5 and 1 for the CT, PLMA and I-Gel respectively (p for CT vs I-Gel <0,05). The VAS score expressing ease of insertion was higher for the I-Gel and ProSeal LMA than for the CT (p for CT vs I-Gel <0,05). Conclusion: The following twoI-Gel and Proseal LMA were found to be more effective than the Combitube, because of greater success rates and ease of insertion for novice EMS personnel in difficult airway management.


Abstract. Arnebolagus leporinus Lopatin and Averianov, 2008, known previously from a single tooth (P3) from the early Eocene Bumban Member of Naran Bulak Formation at Tsagan-Khushu locality in Mongolia, is redescribed based on additional specimens from the type locality. Phylogenetic relationships of Eocene stem lagomorphs from Asia and North America are reconstructed for the first time based on a parsimony analysis of 54 morphological characters and 32 taxa. Two new node-based clades are proposed, stemming from the most-recent common ancestor of Lepus Linnaeus, 1758 and Dawsonolagus Li, Meng, and Wang, 2007 (Eulagomorpha new clade, 'lagomorphs of the modern aspect') and from the most-recent common ancestor of Lepus and Gobiolagus Burke, 1941 (Epilagomorpha new clade). Arnebolagus Lopatin and Averianov, 2008 is geologically oldest and the most plesiomorphic eulagomorph, similar to Dawsonolagus from the early Eocene Arshanto Formation of China in its weakly pronounced, unilateral hypsodonty of the upper cheek teeth and its brachyodont lower cheek teeth with separate roots. Arnebolagus is more plesiomorphic than Dawsonolagus in having two roots of P4. Arnebolagus is the oldest known eulagomorph, the only taxon known from the earliest Eocene Bumbanian Asiatic Land Mammal Age (ALMA). The other Asiatic early Eocene eulagomorphs (Dawsonolagus, Aktashmys Averianov, 1994, and Romanolagus Shevyreva, 1995) come from the Arshantan ALMA.


AIM: To investigate the effects of hydrogen on the memory damage caused by chronic hypoxia-hypercapnia in rats.METHODS: Twenty-four SD rats trained by eight-arm radial maze test were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal control group(NC),hypoxia-hypercapnia+saline group(MS) and hypoxia-hypercapnia+ hydrogen group(MH).The rats in the latter 2 groups were placed in a closed cabin for 8 h/day,6 days/week and lasted for 4 weeks,in which O2 was 9%-11% and CO2 was 5%-6%.In every time after the animals were out of the cabin,the MS rats were intraperitoneally injected with saline(5 mL/kg) and the MH rats were intraperitoneally injected with hydrogen solution at the same dose.The learning and memory function,the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHdG) were examined after the cabin training.The ultramicrostructures of hippocampus were also observed.RESULTS: (1) Compared with NC group,the number of working memory errors,the total errors,the content of hippocampus 8-OHdG and serum MDA in MS and MH groups were higher and the activity of serum SOD was lower(P0.05).The hippocampus structure was destroyed and some degree of edema and more apoptosis in the neurons were obserued in MS group and MH group.(2) Compared with MS group,the number of working memory errors(WME),the total errors,the content of hippocampus 8-OHdG and serum MDA were lower and the activity of serum SOD was higher in MH group(P0.05).In MH group,the morphology of hippocampus structures kept nearly normal arrangement and the only mild edema and fewer apoptosis in the neurons were found.CONCLUSION: Hydrogen may attenuate chronic hypoxia-hypercapnia-induced memory damage in rats by inhibiting apoptosis of the neurons and decreasing detrimental free radicals reaction.


This paper distinguishes between implicit self-rela ted information and explicit selfrepresentation and argues that the latter is requir d for self-consciousness. It is further argued that self-consciousness requires an awareness of ot her minds and that this awareness develops over the course of an increasingly complex perspect ival differentiation, during which information about self and other that is implicit i n early forms of social interaction becomes redescribed into an explicit format. 1. Self-consciousness What is self-consciousness? Well, it seems to be th e case that we have an unmediated, direct access to (at least some) of our mental and bodily states. At this particular moment in time, I know that I am sitting at my desk, looking at the m onitor in front of me, thinking about what to write. I am aware of my slight feeling of thirst and of the slight pain in my back. And I seem to be aware of all of this in a very direct, i mmediate way. In fact, it seems that I know these things in a special way, from the first-person perspective or "from the inside", so to speak. To be sure, someone else could know these th ings about myself as well, but they would have to rely on me telling them, or on observ ing my behavior. They could observe my 1 Versions of this paper were presented at the ECAP7 conference in 2011 in Milan and at the first PLM conference in 2011 in Stockholm. I am grateful to m embers of the audience at these occasions for helpf ul comments and discussion. I would also like to thank Patrick Wilken and an anonymous referee for this j ournal for helpful comments. Forthcoming in Grazer Philosophische Studien 84 (2012), p. 75-101 2 getting up, walking to the kitchen and fetching a g l ss of water, and conclude that I must have been thirsty, for example. But I do not need to rel y on observation to know about my feeling of thirst, or about the pain in my back. I just kno w. It is this immediate awareness of one's mental and bodily states that we are ultimately aft er when we speak of self-consciousness. 2 Of course, there are many other things that I can k now about myself, but that I don't have access to in this immediate way. For instance, I kn ow that I was born in January, because my parents told me so, and I can know that I am wearin g a blue sweater because I just looked in the mirror. Similarly, I know what my face looks li ke from looking in the mirror or from looking at pictures of myself. The way I come to kn ow about these things is not different from the way someone else can come to know them. All the se facts about myself can also be learned by someone else, in much the same way that I le rn about them, namely from the third person perspective . In fact, I can even come to know facts about myself from the third person perspective without realizing that they are about myself. For instance, someone might tell me "KM was born in January" and I could fail to understand that this i s a piece of information about myself because I am suffering from amnesia and have forgot ten my name. Or I might, in passing, glance at a mirror and – without realizing that I a m looking into a mirror – think "That person really needs a haircut!" while failing to notice th a the person is me. This is not possible when I feel a pain in my back and on the basis of this s ensation come to think "I have a pain in my back", or when I am feeling thirsty and on the basi s of this feeling think or say "I am thirsty". I know these things immediately and there can be no doubt as to who it is that is thirsty or has a hurting back when I form the corresponding judgme nt. I may have forgotten my name and I may know nothing else about me, but I can still ref e to myself with the first-person pronoun in order to self-ascribe a state of thirst or a fee ling of pain. As I just indicated, the canonical expression of se lf-ascriptions of this latter kind involves the first-person pronoun. Moreover, these self-ascripti ons are such that they do not rely on any inference or identification and that there can be n o doubt as to who is their subject. In other words, they are "immune to error through misidentif ication relative to the first person pronoun" (Shoemaker, 1968). 3 That is to say that when making these types of sel f-ascriptions, 2 Note that throughout this paper I will follow the common convention of using the terms self-awareness and self-consciousness interchangeably. 3 Notice that not all judgments that involve the fir st person pronoun are immune to error through misidentification. Rather, it is only those judgmen ts that, as Wittgenstein puts it, use the "I" as su bject (as opposed to those where the "I" is used as object). These, in turn, are those that rely on a specific e vidence base characteristic of the first person perspective. How ever, as first-person judgments that are immune to error through misidentification provide the basis for tho se first-person judgments that do not (see Bermúdez 1998; this volume), we can neglect this distinction for the pr sent purposes. Forthcoming in Grazer Philosophische Studien 84 (2012), p. 75-101 3 the subject might be mistaken with regard to the pr edicate she is ascribing to herself, but she cannot be mistaken with regard to the subject of he r self-ascriptions. 4 As I discuss elsewhere in more detail (Musholt, forthcoming), this immunit y can be traced back to the information upon which these judgments are based. This informat ion must be such that in obtaining it the subject necessarily ipso facto obtains information that relates to herself. 5 No selfidentification or inference is required in order to form an "I"-thought based on this kind of information, and hence no misidentification (relati ve to the first person pronoun) is possible. Thus, we can define self-consciousness as the abili ty to think 'I'-thoughts, that is, the ability to think thoughts that are about oneself, that are known to be about oneself by the subject entertaining them, and that are immune to error thr ough misidentification. 6 2. Implicit self-related information vs. explicit self-representation How is this ability to think 'I'-thoughts to be exp lained? As indicated above, 'I'-thoughts rely on a specific kind of evidence base, namely on info rmation about the subject that is immediately accessible to the subject as such. Obvi ous candidates for these types of information include information about occurrent men tal and bodily states. 7 Take perception and proprioception, both of which h ave been much discussed as providing the subject with nonconceptual 8 first-personal content (e.g. Bermúdez 1998). Perce ption, it is argued, provides the perceiver not just with inform ation about the environment, but – necessarily – also with information about the perce iving subject. For instance, according to Gibson's (1979) ecological theory of vision, the vi sual field contains self-specifying structural invariants such as the boundedness of the visual fi eld and the occlusion of parts of the visual field by various parts of the body. Moreover, the p atterns of flow in the optic array and the relations between the variant and invariant feature s provide the perceiver with information about her movement in the world, and the perception of affordances, that is, properties of objects in the environment that relate to the abili ties of the perceiver, provides the subject with information about the possibilities for action that these objects afford. (Cf. Bermúdez 4 Consequently, these judgments have immediate impli cations for action. (See Perry 2000.) 5 Also see Evans (1982) and Bermúdez (1998; this volu me). 6 As we will see in what follows, self-consciousness is a gradual phenomenon. As I will argue below, th e ability to think 'I'-thoughts in the sense just specified r quires explicit self-representations. However, we can distinguish between different levels of explicitnes s, and hence between different degrees to which one ca possess this ability. 7 Bermúdez, this volume, also discusses autobiograph ic l memory as a further source of this type of inf ormation. 8 Nonconceptual content is standardly defined as rep resentational content that can be ascribed to a cre ature even if that creature lacks the concepts required to spe cify the content in question (cf. Bermúdez 1998). Forthcoming in Grazer Philosophische Studien 84 (2012), p. 75-101 4 1998.) Proprioception, on the other hand, provides th organism with information regarding the state of the body, such as its position in spac e, or its balance. 9 Thus, it is argued, the content of perception and p roprioception provides the organism with information that is about itself. Moreover, this in formation is thought to be immune to error through misidentification. This is because ecologic al perception delivers information that is necessarily about one's own spatio-temporal position relative to other objects in the environment and about one's own possibilities for interaction with these objects. Likewise, somatic proprioception delivers information that it necessarily about one's own body. If I perceive the apple in front of me to be within reac hing distance, no question can arise as to who it is that can reach the apple. Likewise, if I pro pri ceive my legs to be crossed, there is no question as to whose legs are crossed – perception and proprioception d o ot require any selfidentification. Hence, it is claimed, perception an d proprioception qualify as basic, nonconceptual, forms of self-consciousness, or 'I'thoughts (Bermúdez 1998). However, on my view, what perception and propriocep tion provide the organism with is implicit self-related information , and this ought to be distinguished from explicit selfrepresentation (Musholt, forthcoming). Only the latter can provid e the subject with thoughts that are known by the subject to be about itself. 10 Hence, only the latter qualifies as selfconsciousness in the sense defined above. Following Dienes and Perne


The present invention relates to thiazolidine derivatives, its chemical formula, its preparing process and the application of the medicinal composition containing said compound in the prevention and treatment of hyperglycemia.


In order to prolong freshfruitsupply period in Wulanhaote,experiments on culture of grape in greenhouse have been carried in Hongxing Village.In accordance with the analysis on result,foundations for future choices of grape species have been provided.


The present invention relates to a method for forming a storage node contact plug of a semiconductor device. The method includes the steps of: forming a bit line structure including a bit line and a hard mask on a substrate; forming a spacer made of an oxide material at sidewalls of the bit line structure; forming a line type photoresist pattern arranged in a direction vertical to the bit line structure on a storage node contact area of the substrate; forming an inter-layer insulation layer on an entire surface of the resulting structure including the line type photoresist pattern such that the inter-layer insulation layer is filled into a space between the photoresist pattern; etching an upper portion of the inter-layer insulation layer to expose the photoresist pattern; and removing the exposed photoresist pattern to open the storage node contact area.


It has reached the reforming stage after the scientific and technological industry in universities went through four previous stages. Now there are more than 2,000 enterprises of this kind in China, and they have contributed greatly to the development of national economy. To achieve their sustained development, it's essential to reform and restructure the industry by establishing a modern corporate system and a new type of property right relationship so that the enterprises become autonomous economic entities. In this way they will sharpen their edge in the market and enhance their competitiveness.


4 composite beams of steel-high strength concrete were tested to investigate their crack resistance. It was found tiny cracks appear firstly on the bottom surface of concrete slab when about 40% of limit load is acting on a beam. Then the cracks increase and further extend out gradually between loading points, and at last, some of them go through the slab from bottom to top. The relationships between strain and load have been obtained for both steel and concrete slab of composite beam, with their bearing mechanisms discussed correspondingly. The formulas to calculate the load causing cracks are given to the beam on elastic basis. The results of calculation and testing show that they are in good conformity to each other. In addition, a width formula is also given to the composite steel-high strength concrete slab.


The potential for using lectins as a means of locating and anchoring a drug delivery system to a target site, within the oral cavity, in order to promote controlled drug delivery and enhanced absorption has been described in previous work. Toxicity is evident for many lectins, and this study has investigated the cytotoxicity of lectins to cells derived from the oral mucosa (human tongue). Cultures of transformed cell lines were exposed to solutions of lectins, and the viability of these cells relative to the control assessed by their ability to take up an MTTstain. Clear evidence of lectin cytotoxicity was apparent for most of the lectins tested in this study, with the exception of those from Lycopersicon esculentum and Helix pomatia. This cytotoxic effect was particularly evident at higher concentrations and over a longer (48 h) time period, and would raise issues with their potential use in targeted drug delivery systems. The lectins from Lycopersicon esculentum and Helix pomatia, showing the least cytotoxic activity, could be considered the most promising. The lectins from Solanum tuberosum and Triticum vulgaris showed the greatest cytotoxicity, which contrasts with our previous acute in vivo studies. They might be considered for investigation as targeted therapeutic agents in the treatment of malignant diseases within the oral cavity.


The present invention relates to an apparatus for recovering power from the train to prepare the piezoelectric generator, systems, and methods. Plurality invention may be embedded in the railway in the sleeper or a plurality of piezoelectric devices attached to railroad track, the train is configured to generate power when traversing the position of the piezoelectric device including the piezoelectric device is to provide a system and method for recovering power. The system includes a power conditioning unit, the piezoelectric body and the conductor to be connected to the power conditioning unit. The recovered power is in the vicinity of the energy production location may be used locally, may be stored for later use, or may be transmission for use in an OR remotely. .FIELD 7


The purpose of this article is to identify the determinants of social and environmental disclosure and its relationship with the cost of equity. The sample used is composed of 36 Tunisian listed companies over the period 2001-2005. Results show that, in accordance with the theory of legitimacy, some parameters of the company affect its societal disclosure index. These variables are the size of the company and its membership to the financial sector. Moreover, a significant nonlinear relation is highlighted between the disclosure index and the future cost of equity. It is negative for low levels and positive for higher levels.


EUV as pulse duration decreases (8.5 to 2.3 ns) but ns). A maximum CE of 2.2% at 2.3 ns and Φ = 5.0 x 10 11 W/cm 2 was They also noted that an absorption dip at 13.5-nm decreases as the pulse duration decreases, and that the electron was lower for shorter pulses due to lower absorption.


Considering depression ranks high among the contributors to worldwide disease burden and conventional treatments have severe limitations, Tai Chi, due to its holistic approach, is being explored as an alternative therapy. A systematic review was conducted to determine the efficacy of Tai Chi as a treatment option for depression. Inclusion criteria included the following: (a) studies published in the English language, (b) studies published between January 2007 and July 2012, (c) studies that included Tai Chi as a therapy in an intervention, (d) studies that used any quantitative study design, and (e) studies that measured depression as an outcome. A total of 11 studies met these criteria. The efficacy of Tai Chi as an alternative and complementary treatment for depression is mixed. Limitations of the reviewed interventions included a mixed usage of instruments, high dropout rates, low sample sizes, and a lack of quality assessment tools for Tai Chi.


movie world as the exemplar of a specific mood, atmosphere, or spirit and the natural setting for particular kinds of movie stories. Paris, London, New York, and Chicago have their respective types of picture. Los Angeles has such an urban personality in imagination. Those distinctive story lines are identified with their respective cities, but the conventional stories also change over time and in accordance with historical events, so that a Los Angeles story of today is noticeably different from one of a half-century ago. Los Angeles, as the long-time capital of the movie industry, has a vivid image in our minds because it has been filmed so often and for so long as the background for so many different stories. Chicago is the model of a city in the history of social research, and New York is the locale of intellectual essays on American culture. However, Los Angeles is the model of American life for movie culture. During the middle of the 20th century, Los Angeles was portrayed as a place where ambition, ruthlessness, and self-indulgence prevailed, hidden behind a surface of glamour, false bonhomie, and smooth talk. Later, it was the capital of a new youth culture that focused on the Southern California specialties of sun, surf, and highways, a world by and for young people dedicated to the joys of adventure, speed, and the present moment. Toward the end of the century, the history of Los Angeles drew our attention, offering the thrills of civic corruption, the greed of rich people, and a regime of violence free of the ethnic complications of the mob worlds east of the mountains. However there is another Los Angeles in the movies, one born after riots, police scandals, and random eruptions of individual violence. This Los Angeles was the imaginative location of a disorganized, lonely, disappointing, and menacing culture, not softened or relieved by the affluence, good weather, and ease of life. What shall it profit a city if it gain the whole world and lose its own soul? That is the question raised by this contemporary Los Angeles movie genre. This kind of modern urban blues occurs everywhere in America and even in the rest of the world. Why should it be presented with such insistence in the new imagined Los Angeles? It is a city of overnight self-created successes and the many who aspire to live such a story. The climate is benign, the evidence of prosperity and status is everywhere on display, and the population expands and sprawls with recent immigrants. It is hard to find a common civic culture that can make life liveable for the urban crowds who must abide one another's company. The Southern California dream is individual


The Backus-Gilbert (BG) method provides a signal recovery algorithm based on the moment information of a signal. In this work, we focus on a class of signals that can be well approximated with a multiresolution model, and propose a generalized BG method for signal recovery. A numerical experiment is given to demonstrate the performance of the generalized BG method.<<ETX>>


of native species. In 1 m 2 patches, native cover was positively associated with native richness and thus cover-related competition was a likely mechanism by which richness influenced R. cathartica . At the landscape scale (comparing the aggregate stand-scale metrics among the 17 stands), native cover and richness were still positively related, but had opposite relationships with R. cathartica cover. R. cathartica cover was positively related to species richness and negatively related to native species cover. The observed switch at different scales from a positive to a negative relationship between R. cathartica cover and native richness supported the hypothesized scale dependence of these relations. Propagule pressure, which we estimated by measuring the size of nearby mature R. cathartica shrubs, had a large positive effect on R. cathartica seedling cover at the landscape scale. These results suggest that landscape patterns of invasion may be best understood in light of the combination of many factors including native diversity, native cover, and propagule pressure.


The European Quality Assurance methodology is pushing hard Portuguese Universities so that they should improve their overall performance. Working at a Portuguese University more than a decade ago, one of the authors experienced several life cycles in different Departments and the experience acquired in foreign Universities (USA) teached him a couple of simple things in order to positively participate in this kind of processes. However, he found it quite difficult to apply his knowledge without other's contribution, due to several endogenous and exogenous reasons, including age and generation viewpoints. Together with the second author we started to apply some theoretical new insights we were discussing together during her PhD research. The purpose of this paper is to describe the experiment we are in now, following a social network methodology used in my Economics PhD together with three theoretical influences we think are inter twinkled like the lean thinking, the value focus thinking and the complication in innovation diffusion processes. After a brief literature review we describe the basic pillars we used to achieve the main goal of improving performance in a young university department. Using some coaching and economic tools and knowledge, we were able to gather a group of different people – students, staff and teachers - deeply involved in our proposal methodology. Preliminary results are briefly identified, as much as further research challenges.


The author explores the cadets' adaptation to the learning and educative process at the Ukrainian MVD colleges, peculiarities of adaptation process in secure colleges, the definition of cadet's adaptation and practical survey of cadets' level of adaptation.


T THE TIME of the 30 anniversary of JCT, which has created an important intellectual tradition for educators, perhaps it is a good occasion to discuss the notion of chronotope (time-space) as we open the first issue of this year. According to Mikhail Bakhtin (1986), the chronotope of "novels with emergence" must connect the hero's individual becoming with historical becoming so that both the person and the world can emerge anew. So is the case with the field of curriculum studies in transforming the present through encounter (historical and intercultural) and emergence (temporal, spatial, and inter/subjective) so that the transition of today's world and subjective becoming mutually influence each other to enable creativity of both. Mikhail Bakhtin (1981) defines the chronotope as "the intrinsic connectedness of temporal and spatial relationships that is artistically expressed in literature" (p. 84). Bakhtin uses the chronotope to discuss the different ways in which literature—from the Greek romance to the European novel—has used various temporal and spatial features to express a wide variety of world views. In each chronotope, a different image of a person, contextualized in a different sense of history, society, and culture, is presented. Therefore, "the chronotope in culture could be defined as a 'field of historical, biographical, and social relations'" (Morson & Emerson, 1990, p. 371). The chronotope of curriculum studies can be so defined as well. While Bakhtin's (1981) study of the historical evolution of the literary chronotopes demonstrates the coexistence of multiple and various modes, he suggests that some genres come closer to presenting real historical time and space with actual biographical persons whose responsibility and creativity participate in defining the world. Bakhtin first analyzes three novelistic chronotopes in ancient times, including the Greek romance, the adventure novel of everyday life, and the ancient biography. He finds that these novels either lack historical change or biographical emergence. By contrast, change becomes essential to the modern realistic novel of emergence. Bakhtin (1986) specifically devotes his attention to the most significant type—Goethe's works as a great example—in which neither the hero nor the world is ready-made but must become:


After many years of advocacy from health and community organisations, the much anticipated trial of a needle and syringe program (NSP) for ACT's prison, the Alexander Maconochie Centre (AMC), has been given official approval from the ACT government to go ahead. The program will be the first of its kind in Australia, as a strategy to reduce the transmission of hepatitis C and other blood borne viruses (BBV) within the AMC prison.


The design of Managing for Development Results (MfDR) both facilitates and relies upon assessment. It comprises of performance indicators and a set of measurable targets, reflects the needs of assessment, and, critically, it provides a feedback loop for bringing performance data back into the system in order to guide implementation and provide an evidentiary basis for continuous learning and improvement.


Reirradiation for locoregionally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after a definitive dose of radiotherapy (RT) is challenging and usually associated with severe toxicities. Intensity‐modulated carbon ion RT (IMCT) offers physical/biologic advantages over photon‐based intensity‐modulated RT. Herein, the authors report their initial experience of IMCT in previously irradiated patients with locoregionally recurrent NPC.


In this paper, we present an inverted organic solar cell fabricated on a cylindrical glass rod. Because of the nonconventional geometry of the substrate, a variety of deposition processes were employed, including atomic layer deposition, hydrothermal growth, dip coating, and thermal evaporation. ZnO nanorod array used as an electron-selective layer improved the device performance compared with devices without ZnO nanorods owing to its role as a vertically guided electron pathway. The thickness and morphology of the active layer [poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)] created by the dip coating process were optimized by varying the substrate lifting speed. In addition, thermal annealing of the active layer induced an appropriate level of microphase separation of donors and acceptors, improving the charge separation and resulting in a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.38%. Finally, we conclude that solar cells on a curved surface improve the normalized PCE dependence on the incident angle of sunlight compared with planar solar cells.


Preparing children for the information society is a prominent task of public education. The first ages of primary education are often called the entrance room of the future. Hungarian educational researchers have been conducting research and development projects since the 1990s in the field of applying ICT effectively among kindergarten and elementary school children to assist their skills and knowledge development. In the new version of the National Core Curriculum (2003) greater emphasis is given to ICT culture, the basics of which should be acquired as early as possible. Thus the aim of our research during the 2005/2006 school year (Foundation of digital literacy in early childhood) was to investigate the recent utilisation of ICT and the adaptation of digital teaching methods (including Logo-pedagogy) in the introductory phase of education. In the interest of defining innovative and adaptable models, we primarily focused on best practices. The paper summarizes our experiences and presents some examples from our case studies. Figure 1. My turtle – my friend. Logo-inspired drawings on the bulletin board In schools with the best practice staff members typically exhibit an active interest in computer usage. The lessons we saw as well as the prevalent teaching methods reflected a modern approach: the computer was only a tool used in the course of practical activities dealing with information not an end in itself. Children concentrated on the given exercise, applying already acquired computer skills. The teachers took advantage of the children's flexibility and further improved their user knowledge, motivating them to tackle the given task with only a limited amount of instruction and information.


A comparison of measured and simulated primary beam patterns of the MeerKAT radio telescope is presented. It is shown that the measured data, after removing noise through aperture projection, displays some asymmetry across the apparent symmetry plane of the offset Gregorian reflector structure. This is absent in the simulated results, but the residual between the simulations and measurements is slowly varying, and mainly due to systematic errors in the geometry of the antenna. This effect will be exploited to estimate the beam patterns of the different reflectors in frequency channels where radio frequency interference has corrupted the measured data.


Experimental and modeling results for resistance degradation in thin Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) film capacitors with platinum (Pt) electrodes are reported. The main experimental results are as follows. Under a constant applied voltage, the current density is observed to increase with time until it reaches a maximum value. Once the maximum value is reached, the current density becomes constant with time. The barrier height at the BST/Pt (cathode) interface is observed to decrease after prolonged electrical stressing. The resistance degradation effect is observed to be reversible, particularly at elevated temperatures. Based on the experimental results, a quantitative model for resistance degradation is proposed. In this model, the increase in the current density is attributed to a decrease in the barrier height at the cathode and this decrease is assumed to have a stretched exponential dependence on time. Using experimentally determined parameters, the model calculates the current density as a function of time a...


A dynamic model of swing system of bridge-type ship unloader is established by considering the elastic factor of wire rope in this paper. Based on this model, an improved Negative Zero Vibration (NZV) shaper with optimal control parameters of variable rope length system is proposed to restrain the swing of grab. Then the control effects, influence of elasticity factor and parameter sensitivities are analyzed based on numerical simulation. The results show that the proposed control strategy can reduce the working cycle time of the grab ship unloader about 11% when considering the elastic factor of the wire rope, and the grab's maximum residual swing angle decreases by 67% when discharging at full load, and decreases by 79% when taking the cargos at empty load. This implies that the improved NZV control method provides better swing angle control performance and shorter operation time compared with the Zero Vibration (ZV) and Zero Vibration and Derivative (ZVD) methods. Moreover, elastic rope model can improve the swing angle control effect of grab based on the proposed control strategy compared with rigid rope model. The parameter sensitivity analysis displays that the grab's maximum residual swing angle by using the improved NZV method is sensitive to the change of the grab's center of gravity, and this angle is more sensitive to the wire rope diameter deviation compared with the elastic modulus deviation.


We summarize here results of our recent study of the relativistic stellar aberration requirements for the Space Interferometry Mission (SIM).


This report summarizes results of 22 sensitivity tests in which the impact of degrading the data base in the Los Angeles area on predictions of a photochemical grid model (Urban Airshed Model) is tested. Input tested includes upper air and surface meteorological and air quality data, initial and boundary conditions, speciation of organic pollutants, temporal and areal resolution of emissions, model grid square size, and vertical resolution available in the model.


During rest and sleep, memory traces replay in the brain. The dialogue between brain regions during replay is thought to stabilize labile memory traces for long-term storage. However, because replay is an internally-driven, spontaneous phenomenon, it does not have a ground truth - an external reference that can validate whether a memory has truly been replayed. Instead, replay detection is based on the similarity between the sequential neural activity comprising the replay event and the corresponding template of neural activity generated during active locomotion. If the statistical likelihood of observing such a match by chance is sufficiently low, the candidate replay event is inferred to be replaying that specific memory. However, without the ability to evaluate whether replay detection methods are successfully detecting true events and correctly rejecting non-events, the evaluation and comparison of different replay methods is challenging. To circumvent this problem, we present a new framework for evaluating replay, tested using hippocampal neural recordings from rats exploring two novel linear tracks. Using this two-track paradigm, our framework selects replay events based on their temporal fidelity (sequence-based detection), and applies a cross-validation using each event's trajectory discriminability, where sequenceless decoding across both tracks is used to quantify whether the track replaying is also the most likely track being reactivated.


With a continuous increase in the worldwide demand for the crude oil and considering the fact that conventional oil and gas resources are depleting, the Enhanced Oil Recovery processes (EOR) play a vital role to boost the production from mature reservoirs. Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (cEOR) is one of the most implemented methods to produce the remaining oil in-situ. Alkali-Polymer flooding is a cEOR technique in which the alkali should react chemically with the oil to produce in-situ surfactants/soaps. Polymers solutions are expected to provide fluid mobility control and improve the sweep efficiency. Hence, it is crucial that the viscosity of a polymer solution does not decrease throughout its propagation along the reservoir. The 16 Tortonian Horizon (TH) of the Matzen field has been screened for the application of different EOR and is considered a suitable candidate for Alkali-Polymer flooding due to its reactive oil properties (high acidity). This work presents a set of criteria/workflow for defining polymer degradation in high pH solutions using fluid samples from the 16 TH reservoir. Based on this workflow, the procedures and the effect of those solutions on the alkali-oil phases are described. This combination allows performing long-term polymer degradation screening in a partially degassed environment without using a glovebox. Long-term thermal stability was assessed for three commercial partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM). The workflow can be divided into four different steps. First, an assessment of polymer viscosifying power behaviour -with different polymer concentrations- at reservoir temperature. Second, the definition of optimum polymer concentrations in presence of alkali (7500 ppm) for each of the three studied polymers. This approach aimed to reach viscosity values reported in previous micromodel/core flooding experiments. Third, Long-term stability assessment, including periodic steady-shear rheological, pH and dissolved oxygen measurements, to define effects of temperature (50-70°C), dissolved-oxygen and presence of alkali on viscosity and average molecular weight (MW). Finally, Phase-behaviour experiments with and without the presence of polymer, in order to define the effect of polymers in the phase behavior of alkali-oil mixtures. The overall findings and observations presented in this work showed that the presence of alkali enhances the residual viscosity values for polymer solutions roughly 20% after 20 days. Moreover, the apparatus used for the degassed set can be used as an economic alternative to perform long-term stability assessments. Flopaam 3630 S and Flopaam 5205 VHM showed residual viscosities values ranged between 82% to 99% and 90% to 91% respectively for the degassed set. In addition, solutions aged at 50°C showed a half-life time 4- to 10- times bigger in comparison with solutions aged at 60- and 70°C. For the phase experiments, polymer presence affects the phase behavior of alkali-oil solutions. It reduces the amount of water that can partition into the emulsion phase. Finally, no major differences in phase behavior were observed for the three studied polymers regardless of the temperature.


This paper presents two new architectures of an image-processing (IP) pipeline for a digital color camera, which are referred to as a prior-decomposition approach and a posterior-decomposition approach. The prior-decomposition approach firstly decomposes each primary color channel of mosaicked raw color data as a product of its two components, a structure component and a texture component, with a proper multiplicative monochrome-image decomposition method such as the BV-G variational decomposition method. Each component is then demosaicked with its proper color-interpolation method. Next, white balancing, color enhancement and inverse gamma correction are applied to only the structure component. Finally, the two components are combined. On the other hand, the posteriordecomposition approach firstly interpolates mosaicked raw color data with a proper demosaicing method, and decomposes its demosaicked color image with our proposed multiplicative color-image decomposition method utilizing inter-channel color cross-correlations. The subsequent processing is performed in the same manner as in the priordecomposition approach. Our proposed two architectures produce a high-quality output full-color image, but somewhat differ in performance. We experimentally compare their performance, and discuss the merits and the demerits of them.


Campus officials throughout the country feel the pressure to more effectively prevent and respond to sexual violence on campus to comply with federal and state legislation.


This paper first discusses the significance of county economy and the specific condition,and through the analysis of the county new rural construction,puts forward new rural construction of county common problems to solve,and expounds the concrete countermeasures accordingly,the purpose is to provide the corresponding county in the construction of new countryside and the safeguard measures of the county,the construction of new countryside substantial masses to implement them.


The fractal dimension is an important feature of textural images. In this work many approaches to this concept are considered and a new method for the computation of the fractal dimension, utilising fuzzy membership functions is applied. The results are found to be satisfactory.


This thesis introduces SOAP and its work principle,explains the necessity for data integration in application layer,and puts forward the concrete technology method to implement data integration by using SOAP,which supplies technology support for implementing WEB service.


Weak link behavior is studied, using magnetization and Hall probe measurements of ring samples, in welded melt-textured R123 monoliths and in dual-seeded samples with disoriented domains. Techniques for welding samples yield transport currents across the junction that are in excess of 10{sup 4} A/cm{sup 2}.


1.Sure, shopping is an important part of life, but so are the "relationships" you're "supposed" to have with "other people." it's just that the relationships i seem to be having with other people are a fairly fragile prospect, especially if those involved are from another planet, or another generation entirely. And boy do they like to get involved.In his heyday Grandpie errol, as i call him, worked as a scientist. What sort of a scientist i'm not sure. science is such a fuzzy thing. He retired twenty years ago, so i guess that means he has had a good twenty years of not being a scientist, although he tells people he still has an interest in things that are "scientific." Cures for diseases and holes in the ozone layer and that sort of thing. He is still a member of the Royal sciences Club. When they were younger my Grandpie and Grandmoo (as i call them) used to go there for what were called "dinner dances." one day i hope an anthropologist will explain the ritual significance of the "dinner dance."I am fourteen. it seems i have been fourteen forever. i have my own life. Visiting my grandparents with their smells and yellow toenails and bandages does not figure greatly in it. they get bruised quite easily. even bumping into furniture will bruise them, and they are always doing that. their house is like a cross between a hospital, a creche, and a mausoleum, what with the walking frames and handrails in the shower and photos of people from the past all over the place. it is all i can do to be nice, but i am, because they are the parents of my mother. in the diplomacy of "parent-child relations" it's advantageous to be on the good side of the mother. she's the one who controls the purse strings after all.One day my father comes to me with a stern expression on his face, one of those indecipherable expressions that speak of the impossibility of knowing the depth of feeling inside another person. there, that doesn't sound like a fourteen-year-old speaking, does it. that sounds more like a textbook. i suppose i am good at things not scientific. Waff ling, for instance. He says that Grandpie errol wants to have words with me."What for?" i protest. "What have i done?""Nothing," says my dad. "it's a good thing. i think.""Then why do you look so angry?""I'm not angry at you, denise.""Then what?""It's an in-law thing."So i get on the phone and talk to Grandpie. this is what he says: He says that he's been a member of the Royal sciences Club for over sixty years. He says that as such a loyal member they have offered him and others like him first dibs on the adventure of a lifetime. do i understand him? the adventure of a lifetime.Already i am starting to feel a little bored. Also suspicious. What has this to do with me? i think back to the time when Grandpie deliberately let the battery in his electric wheelchair run down while he was on his way back from the shops, and then expected me to push him all the way home. As mum explained, he may well have thought it might be an endearing moment between grandfather (him) and granddaughter (me) to give him a push up the hill. But it wasn't. it was revolting. i said to mum, there's no way i'm pushing that gross old man up the street where everyone could see me. instead, we went and got him in the car. that was a while ago now and i have learned to swallow my pride. the flat battery was probably just a mistake.Grandpie says the sciences Club are going to charter a 747 and f ly to Antarctica before it all disappears. How about that?"That sounds great, Grandpie," i say."Yes. i've already bought the ticket.""Well, don't forget to take a scarf.""Not so fast, Missy."He explains that one clause of the insurance policy states that he has to have a "check-up." Well that's sensible. You don't want to send a bunch of geriatrics off to bobsled across the Antarctic if they're not up to it. …


Ion transport in Li2O–Bi2O3–SrO glasses has been studied in the frequency range 10 Hz–2 MHz and in the temperature range 263–483 K. The variation of the dc conductivity and the activation energy of these glasses with composition has been compared with those of bismuthate and lead bismuthate glasses. The frequency dependent conductivity has been studied using both modulus and conductivity formalisms. We have observed that the variation of the power law exponent with Li2O content is in contrast to that for the Li2O–Bi2O3 and Li2O–Bi2O3–PbO glasses. The values of the non-exponential parameter for the Li2O–Bi2O3–SrO glasses are lower than those for the binary Li2O–Bi2O3 glasses.