Abstract Aim and objective To assess the systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating the dental caries experience in children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). Study design and methodology A systematic search was carried out from MEDLINE Via PubMed, JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, EMBASE, OVID, Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, and Epistemonikos databases. Two independent reviewers carried out the collection and analysis of the study data. Methodological quality was assessed by ROBIS (Risk of bias assessment in systematic review) tool. Review results An initial search of electronic databases yielded a total of 25 relevant reviews, of which only three systematic reviews were taken into consideration for qualitative synthesis. The total number of unique primary studies among the three included systematic reviews were 25, of which overlap of the studies was calculated using citation matrix. The corrected covered area (CCA) was estimated to be 0.26. Based on the ROBIS tool, only one systematic review reported with low risk of bias. Conclusion Individuals with CL/P report more decayed, missing, or filled teeth/surfaces than those without CL/P in primary, mixed, and permanent dentition. Future studies should focus on the factors which could modify the caries risk of an individual with CL/P. Clinical significance This umbrella review offers a more reliable and balanced view regarding the dental caries experience among individuals with cleft lip and/or palate. This paper also highlights the important role of pediatric dentist in multidisciplinary health care team in implementing first dental visit and anticipatory guidance to consider early diagnosis and specific preventive interventions for Early Childhood Caries (ECC) in individuals with CL/P. How to cite this article Abirami S, Panchanadikar NT, Muthu MS, et al. Dental Caries Experience among Children and Adolescents with Cleft Lip and/or Palate: An Umbrella Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-2):S261-S268.


I . In two experiments, involving 1 1 0 chicks up to 5 weeks of age, retention of an oral dose of 54Mn was always low ; less than 5 %. 2. There were no significant differences in retention by hybrid broiler cocks, hybrid layer cocks, and hybrid layer pullets, nor was retention affected by the period of fasting, i.e. I & or 24 h, before dosing. 3. Two-week-old birds retained 58 %more radioactivemanganese than 5 -week-old birds, and retention in birds killed 24 h after the dose was only 64% of that in birds killed 4 h after the dose. 4. With the addition to a fixed dose of 64Mn of increasing quantities of non-radioactive Mn retention decreased only from 2-52 yo with no Mn added to 1.02 yo with 5000 pg Mn added, representing a very large increase in total retention of Mn.


Effect of Different CO2 Concentrations on the Stunning Effect of Pigs and Selected Quality Traits of Their Meat - a Short Report The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of CO2 concentration in pharmacological stunning method of pigs on selected quality traits of meat. Investigations were carried out on 200 fatteners of mass population. Half the animals (n=100) were stunned with 92% and the other 100 fatteners were stunned with 88% CO2. The stunning effectiveness was evaluated by observing animals' response to CO2 concentration. In the group of the fatteners stunned with 92% CO2, all animals were stunned correctly, whereas in the group of the fatteners stunned with a lower concentration of CO2 (88%), the percentage of ineffectively stunned animals reached 17%. A statistically significant (p<0.01) influence of carbon dioxide concentration in the pharmacological stunning method was noticed on pH24, lightness of meat - L* (p≤0.05) and b* value. A higher frequency of carcasses with PSE and DFD was observed among the fatteners stunned with 92% CO2 (respectively 16% and 7% vs. 9% and 1% reported for animals stunned with 88% CO2).

http://journal.pan.olsztyn.pl/pdf-98292-31045?filename=EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CO2.pdf


The article presents an experimental study that has been conducted to evaluate the impact loading damage within hybrid fabric laminates-carbon and Aramid fibers. The experiments have been undertaken on a series of interply hybrid specimens with different preprags stacking sequences. Impact damage was created using an air-gun like impact device propelling spherical steel balls with diameters of 5.0mm and 10.0mm and having velocities of 113m/s and 40m/s respectively. The resulting specimen surface and internal damage (e.g., micro-cracking and debonding) was visualized nondestructively by a scanning acoustic microscope (SAM) while further interrogation of specific internal damage was visualized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) on cross-sectioned panels.


The ionisation cooling technique will be used at the Neutrino Factory to reduce the transverse phase space of the muon beam. For efficient cooling, high average RF gradient and strong focusing are required to be applied in the cooling channel. However, high magnetic field at the position of the RF cavities induces electric field breakdown and therefore, a novel configuration, the Bucked Coils lattice, has been proposed to mitigate this problem. The Bucked Coils lattice has significantly lower magnetic field in the RF cavities by using coils of different radius and opposite polarity. This paper presents the optimisation of this lattice, its cooling performance, together with the preliminary conceptual engineering design.


This paper studies adaptive transmission in an underwater acoustic (UWA) point-to-point communication system that operates on an epoch-by-epoch basis for a long term. A fixed amount of information bits periodically arrive at the transmitter data queue, and wait for transmission via a number of packets within each epoch. To trade off energy consumption with transmission latency, the transmitter decides the transmission action at the beginning of each epoch, including to transmit or not, and the transmission power and the modulation-and-coding parameters, based on the data queue status and the predicted channel conditions in the current and future epochs. To describe both the fast fading and the large-scale shadowing of UWA channels, the channel within each epoch is characterized by a compound Nakagami-lognormal distribution, and the evolution of the distribution parameters is modeled as an unknown Markov process. Given that the channel can only be observed during active transmissions, we formulate the adaptive transmission problem as a partially observable Markov decision process, and develop an online algorithm in a model-based reinforcement learning framework. The algorithm recursively estimates the channel model parameters, tracks the channel dynamics, and computes the optimal transmission action that minimizes a long-term system cost. Emulated results based on channel measurements from two-field experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves decent performance relative to a benchmark method that assumes perfect and non-causal channel knowledge.


With the rapid pace of IT revolution, companies are getting closely tied and their relationships are gone from competition to cooperation in order to achieve a win-win deal. However, The EACS in China, represented by GOME and SUNING, are performing far from satisfaction. They are still in the stage of depressing manufacturers for lower cost by their channel advantage accumulated over years. Now, management innovation is of great importance for EACS in China to survive, especially in the information age. So, how to make use of the latest IT technology to enhance companypsilas competitive advantage is a key factor for EACS to achieve a sustainable development. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the management innovation and the relationship improvement between manufacturer and electric appliances chain stores (EACS) in China in the information age. The paper first analyzed the dynamic of management innovation for EACS in the information age. Then, it analyzes the business model and development issues of EACS in China. By comparison with the business model of global retailers, the paper suggests EACS in China need to adjust their profit model, to establish strategic partnerships with manufacturers and adapt IT technology into their SCM, focus their efforts on differentiating consumers' needs and product functionality to achieve a win-win situation.


Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with various metabolic abnormalities, including central obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure. This suggests that NAFLD may represent the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. In this study, we investigated unfavorable effects NAFLD on components of metabolic syndrome in post-menopause women. Eight hundred sixty-nine postmenopausal women were recruited for this study. The diagnosis of fatty liver was based on the results of abdominal ultrasonography. Serum levels of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol were measured. The prevalence of component of metabolic syndrome such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low-HDL-cholesterol was significantly higher in subjects with NAFLD as compared with those without NAFLD. The moderate to severe grade of NAFLD presented higher levels of serum fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, and triglycerides than the mild NAFLD and the normal group. In conclusion, metabolic syndrome risk was increased in post-menopause women with NAFLD as compared with those without NAFLD. The severity of NAFLD affected metabolic syndrome risk factors. The optimal strategy for the treatment of NAFLD is likely to include lifestyle modifications and therapy to improve insulin resistance.


We critically review dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) as a mesoscopic simulation method. We have established useful parameter ranges for simulations, and have made a link between these parameters and χ-parameters in Flory-Huggins-type models. This is possible because the equation of state of the DPD fluid is essentially quadratic in density. This link opens the way to do large scale simulations, effectively describing millions of atoms, by firstly performing simulations of molecular fragments retaining all atomistic details to derive χ-parameters, then secondly using these results as input to a DPD simulation to study the formation of micelles, networks, mesophases and so forth. As an example application, we have calculated the interfacial tension σ between homopolymer melts as a function of χ and N and have found a universal scaling collapse when σ/ρkBTχ0.4 is plotted against χN for N>1. We also discuss the use of DPD to simulate the dynamics of mesoscopic systems, and indicate a possible problem with...


Purpose: In order to decrease the workload for IMRT QA filmdosimetry we propose a simple method for Gafchromic® EBT filmcalibration using a pre‐measured batch calibration curve (BCC) which is mathematically scaled with a single dose exposure (SDE) for each subsequent IMRT QA session. We evaluate how the SDE method corrects for post exposure density growth and temperature dependence in addition to inter film response homogeneity. Method and Materials: Each of five EBT films, from a single production lot, were exposed to doses of 22.5, 43.1, 84.4, 147.4, 209.1, and 291.2 cGy. Measurement of the resulting response curves were performed at times ranging from 0.7 to 52 hours post exposure on a Macbeth TD932 point densitometer customized with a 636nm band pass filter and 16 bit digitizer for increased sensitivity, yielding 35 curves in all. The BCC was generated from a film measured at 0.7 hours and fit to the equation Dose = A * netOD 3 + B * netOD 2 + C * netOD . To test the method, net optical density (NOD) data for the remaining 34 curves was scaled to fit the BCC using 209.1 cGy as the SDE. The scaling factor is the ratio of the actual measured NOD of the SDE, and the NOD predicted by the BCC for this dose. The new scaled calibration is used to predict all 204 test doses, which were then compared to the actual delivered doses. Results: Using the single uncorrected BCC resulted in an average error for the 204 dose points of 11.9 cGy. However, scaling according the method described reduced the average measured dose error to 1.1 cGy. Conclusion: The single dose exposure method described here is an accurate and time efficient calibration procedure for IMRT QA filmdosimetry.Conflict of Interest: Partially supported by International Specialty Products.


Six generations of Okra crop viz. P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2 were studied in three inter-varietal crosses (Arka Anamika X Varsha Uphar, Arka Anamika X Pusa Sawani and Varsha Uphar X Pusa Sawani) for phenolic profile and peroxidase activity in leaves. The generations which were highly resistant in their reaction to Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus had higher content of phenols, ortho-dihydroxyphenols and flavonols. These generations also showed high peroxidase activity.


The following descriptions of books and scores recendy acquired by the Beethoven Center are intended to aid readers in selecting new publications that appeal to their individual interests. Pan I, Books for the General Reader, encompasses biographies, histories, repertory guides and other reference books, and introductory texts appropriare for the music student. Also included are works of fiction, poetry, and children's books. Part II, Books for the Specialist, lists books with a highly analytical or philosophical focus intended for readers with substantial knowledge of music. In those cases where authors have identified their book as being for the general reader or specialist, I have accepted their categorization. To obtain books and simultaneously benefit the American Beethoven Society, please order them online through tGive.com. A percentage of sales of books and other merchandise purchased through iGive participating dealers (including Barnes & Noble) will benefit the ABS. For those publications not available through Barnes & Noble, please contact your local bookseller. To order Beethoven-Haus publications directly, visit die website of their distributor, Carus Verlag . Owing to the large number of books in this issue, my list of recent music editions will be postponed until the Winter 2009 issue. I. Books for the General Reader IA. Books in English (or parallel texts in English and other languages) HISTORY, CRITICISM, PERFORMANCE PRACTICES, LISTENING AND TRAVEL GUIDES Bashford, Christina. The Pursuit of High Culture: John Ella and Chamber Musk in Victorian London. Musk in Britain, 1 600- 1 900. Wooldbridge, Suffolk; Rochester, NY: Boydell Press, 2007. xiv, 410 pp. ISBN 978-1 -84383-298-0 (hardback): $95. John Ella (1802-1888) was an English musician, criric, and concert organizer who in 1845 founded The Musical Union, a society for the promotion of chamber music performances in London. An enthusiastic patron of "high art," he viewed Beethoven's works as the pinnacle of musical achievement and worked to develop their appreciation by the general public. As a youth in Leicester, he was likely influenced by William Gardiner (1770-1853), one of the firsr champions of Beethoven's music in England. Later he became a violinist in the London opera band and other orchestras, participating in the first performance of Beethoven's Ninth there in 1825. This engaging biography, pieced together from Ella's diaries and other primary sources, describes this working musician's many successes and frustrations until he achieved the ambition for which he is now chiefly remembered: the Musical Union subscription concert series. The book is as much a biography of this organization as of Ella himself. It describes in detail the series' venues, authences, programs, and financial matters. The appendices include sample programs, an analysis of the repertory that shows Beethoven's predominance, lists of performers, authence statistics, and supplementary notes on Ella's family. With select bibliography and index. Bozarth, George S. Johannes Brahms & George Henschel: An Enduring Friendship. Sterling Heights, Ml: Harmonie Park Press, 2008. xx, 334 pp. + 1 CD. ISBN s8999s?4s9 (paperback). $44. George Henschel (1850-1934), one of the greatest singers of his era, also gained considerable success and fame as a conductor and composer. He was also a friend and collaborator with Brahms and fostered the performance of Brahms's vocal and orchestral works in the United States and Great Britain. This history of their relationship reproduces Henschel's published reminiscences and articles from journals, supplemented by previously unpublished correspondence. The introductory chapters, illustrated with photographs, drawings, and facsimiles of music manuscripts, provide a detailed biographical picture of Henschel's life and career. Although the discussions of Beethoven s music are sporadic, the book is included here for the references to contemporaries who were significant figures in Beethoven reception, such as Ignaz Moscheles (Henschel's fortepiano teacher), Gustav Nottebohm, and Sir George Grove. …


ABSTRACT
Phase transitions in coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and a CoQ10-coconut oil mixture were investigated, and the practical applicability of a supersaturated CoQ10 liquid was investigated in order to improve its nutritional availability. It was shown that CoQ10 could assume at least two crystal forms and that its crystallization behavior was strongly dependant on cooling rate. The melting behavior of CoQ10-coconut oil mixtures were summarized as a phase diagram. In addition, the ratio of crystallization of supersaturated CoQ10-coconut oil mixture was investigated and it was demonstrated that 20% mixtures held at 25C were largely maintained (remained stable) and 20–60% mixtures held at 37C remained in a completely supersaturated liquid state for 30 days. These results suggest that supersaturated CoQ10 liquid can be practically implemented in the production of a CoQ10 supplement with high nutritional availability.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
Because the bioavailability of commercial CoQ10 supplements is low, extensive efforts have been made to improve the bioavailability of CoQ10supplements. Here, we attempted to use a supersaturated CoQ10 liquid; it is expected that a supplement produced using supersaturated CoQ10 liquid will provide increased availability and a higher concentration of CoQ10 than previously available. For this purpose, it is essential to understand CoQ10 phase transitions, including crystallization properties. Therefore, the phase transitions of CoQ10 and a CoQ10-oil binary system were investigated. From the results of this study, it was suggested that the production of a supersaturated CoQ10 liquid-containing supplement is feasible. This will be practically useful for production of a supplement produced using supersaturated CoQ10 liquid.


with the rapid development of economy,more and more high level of information,information technology has been applied more and more widely fields,the popularity of the real-name system,increase trouble to information security,information security becomes a big problem to get enough attention in the society.This article through to the credit system,the real-name system and information security model,the three aspects of a comprehensive interpretation of information security model in the realname system in the management ofcredit system.


ZigBee is a standard based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard for wireless personal networks. Its use in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has aroused a great interest in the research community in the last years. In this paper, a synthetic study to analyze the performances and improve the routing protocols in WSNs is given and we were interested in routing mechanisms defined by the ZigBee standard. Multiple routing protocols have been developed to find optimized routes from a source to destination. ZigBee routing protocol uses a modified AODV by default and Hierarchical Tree Routing as last resort. The scope of this work is to improve the existing protocol to take the scalability into account and use it in tree topology in a variable network sizes up to hundreds of nodes. This paper describes the different routing protocols, our proposed solution ZBR-M and finally it presents and discusses the obtained results.


The damage of key-exposure has become the focus of the research.This problem may hardly be resolved complementally,what we can do is to minimizing the damage as we can.Many different approaches have been proposed and implemented to tackle this problem.In this article we introduce some of them and figure out the strength and the shortcoming of them.In SiBIR signature scheme,due to network congestion or active attack from an adversary, a single refresh message will be lost which makes signer and home base losing synchronization.To counter this problem we propose a timeout synchronization scheme.


The aim of this study was to investigate and document local residents' understanding of the concept of ecotourism at Mangua wetland. Specifically, the study sought to establish the level of understanding and participation in ecotourism, establish current use and benefits of the wetland, determine barriers to participation in ecotourism, and provide recommendations for building support and commitment for sustainable use of the wetland. Methods used included primary document analysis, a survey of participants and quantitative analysis. The analysis revealed poor knowledge and practice of ecotourism, limited information and awareness, and degradation of the wetland due to increasing human population, and aggressive and abusive use of the wetland. A range of ways to promote sustainable ecotourism are proposed including; increased community participation in wetland and ecotourism planning, training of technical local expertise, minimizing local burdens, maximizing local benefits and reducing uncertainty, government support, and partnership with the private sector to improve the image and attractiveness of the wetland. The study provides managers with strategies for managing sustainable ecotourism development and wetlands management.


Abstract Although several investigators have discussed different herpetofaunal sampling methodologies and their effectiveness, few have quantitatively examined which methods are superior for inventorying reptiles and amphibians in rain forest habitats. I examined two years of data from Tambopata, southeastern Peru, to compare and contrast visual encounter survey (VES) and quadrat methodologies and to determine which method yields the highest number of individuals and species per sampling effort. Four separate questions were posed concerning the number of captures for short-term surveys, long-term surveys, arboreal versus terrestrial amphibian surveys, and particular taxonomic group surveys. Over most of the analyses, more individuals and species of amphibians and reptiles were captured using VES than quadrats. In addition, more unique species were recorded with VES. However, particular microhabitats and taxonomic groups were better sampled with quadrats. In long-term surveys, the methods were equivalent with respect to number of individuals and species captured. This study provides quantitative data on the efficacy of the two methods and describes, for the first time, the particular instances in which the different methods are best suited for sampling rain forest herpetofauna.


The availability of a constitutional framework that encourages deference to the judiciary, and the existence of a political environment conducive to judicial empowerment have helped bring about a growing reliance on adjudicative means for articulating, framing, and settling fundamental moral controversies and highly contentious political questions. This has resulted in the gradual erosion of the exclusive prerogatives of legislatures and executives.


The embodiment of the utility model discloses a fingerprint file cabinet which comprises a fingerprint collector, a keyboard, a master control board and a cabinet body that is internally provided with a cabinet control board, wherein the master control board comprises a fingerprint processing module connected with the fingerprint collector as well as a first processor connected with the keyboard and the fingerprint processing module respectively; the cabinet body comprises a plurality of box bodies which are provided with electronic control door locks; and the cabinet control board comprises a second processor connected with the first processor as well as a driving device connected with the second processor and the electronic control door locks respectively. The cabinet body of the fingerprint file cabinet is provided with the plurality of box bodies which can be used for storing a great deal of files in a classified way; and the plurality of box bodies can be opened simultaneously by a legal user who shows the fingerprint for once, so that the operation procedures of the file cabinet are simplified.


Objective To explore the consistency of the clinical serum creatinine results in Shanghai district and investigate the population distribution of apparently healthy people, modified MDRD formula adapted to Chinese population was used to estimate glomerular filtration rate and its distribution for further assessment of the clinical applicability of the eGFR.Methods A fresh pooled human serum sample with given IFCC's creatinine level from c.f.a.s.(calibration for automatic system) ,was used to calibrate the creatinine detecting systems of each participating hospital laboratory before every examination. Fourteen hospital laboratories successively conducted 6 experiments, and the test results were almost identical.They tested and studied the creatinine values of 6 837 ( male 3 289, female 2 132, children and teenagers 1 416)apparently healthy individuals, age from 0 to 99 years old, and estimated eGFR value of these apparently healthy individuals according to the documented eGFR formula [ eGFR = 175 × (Scr) -1.154 × (age) -0.203 ×0.742 (female) × 0.827 ] which was applied especially to Shanghai people.Results Before calibration,the inter-laboratory CVs of creatinine results varied from 3.1% -9.1%, and after calibration, CVs decreased to less than 5%.A good consistency of the creatinine results was established among all these hospitals.The result of population distribution study of creatinine for men was 63.0-102.8 μmol/L,for women was 45.0-76.0 μmol/L, and for children and teenagers was 0-1 year old 11.0-77.0 μmol/L, 2 years old 15.5-33.3 μmol/L,3-5 years old 19.0-42.0 μmol/L, 6-19 years old 41.4-62.0 μmol/L.The Cr value were different between the male and femal [ male: ( 82.1 ± 10.9 ) μmol/L, femal: ( 59.4 ± 8.4 ) μmol/L, t =94.3 ,P 0.05 ].The difference of Cr and eGFR could not be eliminated between the groups divided by every 10 years(x2Cr =2 601 ,P <0.01 ;x2eGFR2= 1 105 ,P <0.01 =.Conclusions The pooled patients' sera could be used as calibrator for harmonizing of creatinine results among the laboratories. The reference rang of Cr should be differentiated by age and sex.Although eGFR can decrease the difference of sex, it cannot eliminate the difference of age.

Key words:
Glomerular filtration rate; Creatinine; Sex distribution; Age distribution


Jiang Zemin explained profoundly the view of Marxism from angle of practice.Persisting in Marxism should adopt the scientific approach of seeking truth from facts and advancing with times.The basic theory of Marxism is applied to solve the actual problems.The approach to Marxism should be established on the basis of the actual problems.


Merriam Webster defines the term competency as "the ability to do something well enough to meet a standard." Upon first impression, this definition seems simple. However, what is meant by "well enough?" Additionally, who sets the "standard" and what is the process for setting the standard? Assessing competency in medical education demonstrates the challenge of applying this essential concept to medical education training and skill maintenance. Whether for initial or recertification processes, these decisions can be difficult and fraught with evidencebased, administrative, and practical issues. The recent decision by the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) to regard its deeply thought-out and debated maintenance of certification process as flawed illustrates the challenge of competency assessment in the medical field. In this case, ABIM elected to suspend implementation of the plan, demonstrating the relevant challenges faced by an established discipline within the medical field. Three articles in this month's issue of Academic Emergency Medicine address competency assessment in one area of medical education: the teaching and use of point-of-care ultrasound (US) by emergency physicians (EPs). Since the first American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) guidelines were published in 2001, the field of emergency medicine (EM) has invested tremendous effort and resources into the teaching of point-of-care US to EPs. These landmark ACEP guidelines have been extremely useful in furthering point of care US use. The guidelines relied on clinical and educational research to support the wise structural concepts for this increasingly essential clinical skill. The guidelines have used the literature to support educational and administrative pathways that define specialty specific guidelines. The article by Hall et al. attempts to provide a mnemonic for the use of limited, focused echocardiography by EPs. The authors first state that EP-performed cardiac US is a unique skill set that is improperly defined even by existing attempts to characterize focused cardiac US. They use their extensive collective experience to present a streamlined approach to teaching focused emergency cardiac US with an easy-to-remember mnemonic, "The Five Es." This mnemonic helps to support a pathophysiologic basis to emergent cardiac US with characterizations of chamber size and function. This well-written article provides structural aids with a good review of the performance and interpretation of the perceived complexity of cardiac US. The article by Chiem et al. attempts to address the "well enough" aspect for US assessment. In this study, the authors demonstrate that novice practitioners can achieve similar results to experts when dealing with one US scan type. The use of B-lines on thoracic US has been shown to be useful in diagnosing patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Initial studies illustrating this technique were performed by practitioners judged to be expert in emergency US. Chiem et al. sought to expand this concept to a wider US user group, specifically their resident trainees. Their methods use a 30-minute lecture that teaches both image acquisition and technique. The target resident users were individuals who had already completed a 2-week dedicated US rotation. Although 30 minutes is impressively brief to learn a new skill, the majority of EM residents have completed a dedicated emergency US rotation, thus providing a foundation that would seem representative for graduating residents. The Chiem et al. article also demonstrates a limitation of assessing physician competency. Although the novice resident practitioners were trained "well enough" to meet the "standard" of the expert practitioners, neither group achieved admirable diagnostic accuracy for diagnosing acute decompensated heart failure. Additionally, the investigators did not demonstrate changes in patient clinical outcomes through the use of this technology. The article by Blehar et al. attempts to address the means by which we measure competency in US. The authors break down US education into image acquisition and image interpretation. A third component, using those two to guide clinical care, is not included in their review. They point out that many organizations use the number of US examinations performed as a surrogate for experience and, thus, for competency. Their findings demonstrate support for existing national guidelines, finding a plateau effect for skill acquisition. They note these plateaus for both image acquisition and The authors have no relevant financial information or potential conflicts of interest to disclose. Related articles appear on pages 536, 564, 574.


We carried out three experiments aimed at testing whether the compatibility effect between a word's emotional connotation and arm movement direction found by Chen and Bargh (1999) is affected by hand posture. Participants responded by pressing two buttons: one placed near their body, the other far away. In Experiment 1, they classified words as positive or negative by hitting the response button with their hand open. RTs were shorter when pressing the "far" button for positive words and the "near" button for negative words, as if they "simulated" reaching for something "good" and avoiding something "bad". In Experiment 2 and 3 participants responded while holding a tennis-ball in their hand. RTs were shorter when pressing the "near" button for positive words and the "far" button for negative words, as if they "simulated" drawing something "good" near themselves and pushing the "bad" thing away. Results are discussed within the framework of theories on concept grounding in emotion and action systems. C456 Emotive Concept-Nouns 3


The goal of our work is to propose a multiplier with fast estimation and less power consumption using adiabatic logic and to evaluate its performance in case of sequential circuits and effect upon cascaded stages. In our current work we have designed a more power efficient, Tree Multiplier i.e. Wallace Multiplier structure with especially power efficient Full adders designed with Energy recovery logic(Adiabatic). Main advantage of this logic is greater speed and minimum power requirement. It is preferable to the arithmetic circuits. Power consumption of full adder with adiabatic style is lesser than the full adder designed without adiabatic logic. The power consumption of Adiabatic Wallace multiplier is get reduced from Wallace tree multiplier without adiabatic logic by about 89% .We have designed the circuit on 90nm technology using Tanner EDA Tool 13.0.


Previous evidence showed that b‐ and a‐type flagellins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are modified in vivo by phosphorylation at tyrosine. This research was designed to demonstrate phosphorylation of flageliin at tyrosine in vitro. Evidence presented showed that flageilin is labelled by [γ‐32P]‐ATP, but not by [α‐32P]‐ATP, when incubated with cell envelope fractions. Results suggested that autophosphoryiation of a 42 kDa membrane protein occurred. No activity was detected in cytoplasmic fractions. Flagellin protein was identified by flagella‐specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) and was labelled with anti‐phosphotyrosine mAb. Confirmation of tyrosine kinase activity was shown by labelling of synthetic poly (Glu:Tyr) as a substrate with [γ‐32P]‐ATP. Labelling of poly (Glu:Tyr) was heat sensitive and time dependent. Labelled phosphotyrosine was observed in partial acid hydrolysates of substrates. Using poly (Glu:Tyr) as substrate, tyrosine kinase activity was shown to be inhibited by sulphydryl reagents. It appears that tyrosine kinase and flagellin phosphorylation occur in several Pseudomonas spp. Location of phosphotyrosine in a conserved region of flagellin may serve as a cell signal so that intact flagellin is appropriately exported.


Resistance to adverse conditions is widespread in the microbial world. Microorganisms resistant to ionizing radiation form a technologically interesting but little-explored group. This work focuses on the mechanisms of resistance to radiation in representatives of the Actinobacteria phylum, both in terms of detoxification mechanisms and in terms of repairing DNA damage.


The Future of Anthropology: Its Relevance to the Contemporary World. Akbar Ahmed and CRIS SHORE, eds. London: Athlone Press, 1995. ix -i- 291 pp., contributors, notes, references, Index.

Grasping the Changing World: Anthropological Concepts In the Postmodern Era. Vaclav Hubinger. ed. New York: Routledge Press, 1996. -i-129 pp., contributors, index.

The Future of Anthropological Knowledge. Henrietta Moore. ed. New York: Routledge Press, 1996. viii. 179 pp., contributors, Indexes.


The focus of this dissertation is on the figure of the murderous wife as depicted in courtrooms or alternative trial formats in eight works of fiction written by British and North-American authors over a period of time that ranges from the 1850s to the 1930s: The Ways of the Hour (1850) by James F. Cooper and Griffith Gaunt (1866) by Charles Reade; Lady Audley's Secret (1862) by Mary Elizabeth Braddon and Armadale (1864); Patience Sparhawk and Her Times (1897) by Gertrude Atherton and A Pin to See the Peepshow (1934) by F. Tennyson Jesse; Kerfol (1916) by Edith Wharton and A Jury of Her Peers by Susan Glaspell.
This dissertation contemplates the extent to which the fictional trial acts as a prism that reflects the tensions, contradictions, prejudices, injustice, and collective fear in a given historic moment in which men and women's social and political interests were diametrically opposed. It assesses the court as a microscopic space in which the social and political tensions between men and women are concentrated, and possibly reflected in the verbal and rhetorical competition in trial. Moreover, it explores the treatment of women's stories in courts of law in fiction in terms of marginalization, trivialisation or exclusion, and considers a potential parallel with women's fiction with respect to the literary canon.


B y measuring the elapsed time between the transmission and reception of GNSS signals, navigation receivers calculate the pseudorange to each satellite and use this information to calculate their position on Earth. However, receivers not only have to calculate the user's position in a 3D environment; they also have to cope with an unknown time bias between the receiver and the GNSS system. Therefore, to precisely estimate a user's position, receivers need to solve for four unknowns, which requires at least four pseudorange measurements between the receiver and the satellites. This means that a minimum of four satellites needs to be available to accurately estimate a user's position. Because the positioning accuracy will improve as more satellites become available (better geometry measured with the well-known dilution of precision or DOP parameters), we should expect that a combination of Galileo and GPS will provide better performance than those of both systems separately. In the future, therefore, most GNSS receivers will calculate the navigation solution using measurements from GPS and Galileo together. However, the European navigation system Galileo will not use the same time reference as GPS and, thus, a time difference arises — the GPS-Galileo Time Offset (GGTO). The navigation solution calculated by receivers using signals from both navigation systems will consequently contain a supplementary error if the GGTO is not accounted for. Users wanting to use measurements from both systems need to cope with this time offset if they do not want to degrade the final navigation solution. This article discusses three different approaches to solve the problems faced when using both navigation systems together, proposed in the work by A. Moudrak et alia cited in the Additional Resources section near the end of this article. These three approaches are the following: GGTO determination at user level, at the system level, and a combination of these two methods. We have extended the previous research into the methods of GGTO determination by examining the dif-GNss time offset Time is a crucial factor in satellite-based radionavigation. The elapsed time between the transmission of a GNSS signal and its reception by a receiver, multiplied by the speed of light, provides the basis for calculating ranges to the satellites. However, GPS and Galileo will use different reference time systems creating a time offset, which can complicate the positioning computations in user equipment employing signals from both satellites. A team of researchers at the French …


This paper aims to interweave the history of the ports of Buenos Aires to the construction of Argentina as a nation, inserting itself in the capitalist globalization. Buenos Aires Urba-Port history reveals more than, how and where the loading / unloading process was carried out, can provide evidence of how the Capitalist Imperialism motivated the second Industrial Revolution to overcome the Great Depression at the center of the system, expanding the borders of capital. The engineer Huergo and the businessman Madero appear like great agents in that process, but other forces were the engines of the quantitative expansion of production, circulation, financing, population, etc., and the qualitative transformation of the port operation in Buenos Aires.


Objective] To understand prevalence situation of LEE pathogenicity island positive Escherichia coli strains isolated from Hangzhou. [Methods] LEE (locus of enterocyte effacement) pathogenicity island was determined by PCR in Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrhea patients, parenteral infection patients and normal persons in Hangzhou. Moreover, the intimin genes found in this paper were typed by PCR and restriction endonuclease analysis according to their 3' end sequences. [Results] The prevalence rates of LEE positive Escherichia coli strains in diarrhea infants and diarrhea patients elder than 3 years old were 20 0 % and 3 04 % respectively. Intimin β gene was found dominantly in LEE positive Escherichia coli strains (45 0 %), and about 20 0 % of the intimin genes were not able to be typed by the PCR method. Restriction endonuclease analysis showed that the intimin β genes could be typed into two subtypes further and the intimin γ genes found this paper were different from intimin γ gene of EHEC O157∶H7 strain EDL933. O serotypes could be determined in only 20% of the LEE positive Escherichia coli strains by diarrheagenic Escherichia coli antisera purchased in domestic market. [Conclusions] LEE positive Escherichia coli may be one of important bacterial pathogens that cause infant diarrhea in Hangzhou. Detection of LEE should be main method for EPEC diagnosis and epidemiological investigation.


Basics of acoustic emission (AE) detection and the theory of AE waveforms are summarized. Measuring systems and AE parameters are discussed with a brief review of historical developments. Theoretical treatment leads to kinetics of crack motion by the deconvolution analysis and kinematics on crack type and crack orientation by the moment tensor analysis (SiGMA). With increasing need for maintenance, the nondestructive evaluation of in-service structures is being actively investigated. AE techniques look promising as a means of inspecting concrete structures and evaluating their structural integrity. Applications to construction monitoring are also receiving fresh attention. These practical applications are updated, along with fracture mechanics by SiGMA.


Electron microscopy shows that textured Y‐Ba‐Cu‐O superconductors contain many partial dislocations associated with stacking faults in a‐b planes. Two types of partial dislocations parallel to the [100] and [010] direction have been identified with Burgers vectors [a/2, 0, c/6] and [0, −b/2, c/6], respectively, which are the same as the displacement vectors of the associated stacking faults.


Background: A stakeholder of a company uses information related to the value of the company in order to make wiser business decisions. Defining a value for a business is of interest in several situations and for several stakeholders. A listed company, i.e. a company in which has its shares admitted to trading on a regulated market, is often valued based on market prices. For unlisted equity however the valuation is in general a more difficult task, as market prices are not readily available. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) puts forward the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, 6 ed. (BPM6) where seven equity valuation models are suggested. It is furthermore suggested that these models can be transferred and utilized on unlisted equity. This thesis aims to test the BPM6 methods on unlisted equity in Sweden between 2006 and 2012. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the reliability of the suggested BPM6 valuation models, intended for listed companies, on unlisted companies in Sweden. A conclusion regarding which model reflects the value of equity the best aims to be drawn. That model will subsequently be used in order to calculate a hypothetical market value. That value will be compared to an actual one in the sense that the unlisted equity chosen for this study have all undergone an initial public offering (IPO), making a comparison possible. Method: This is solely a quantitative study. Firstly, a database consisting of peer groups, based on industry classifications, was created. The variables gathered in the various peer groups were all based on listed equity. The data underwent statistical tests in order to find the best regression model to predict market value for each industry and year. Five different regression models were tested, as alternatives to the Price-to-Equity model and the Price-toBook Value model. Secondly, the predicted value was compared to the actual value for the unlisted equity in order to test the reliability of the valuation models. Conclusion: The result of this study shows that the model producing the most accurate prediction on equity value of unlisted companies is the multi-factor model. The model was based on a combination of earning and book value measures. Furthermore, this study shows that the predicted market values do not differ extensively from the actual market values, implying reliability. The results however produced some dispersion with both overestimations and underestimations. Regardless of such results, the authors are able to draw a clear conclusion regarding the reliability. The authors conclude that the suggested models in the BPM6, put forward by IMF, serve as good indicators for valuing unlisted equity.


As two important economies, both China and Korea have been promoting the construction of Free Trade Agreement (FTA), and have made great progress in recent years. Although these two countries have great dependence on foreign trade, their strategies of FTA differ highly because of the difference of economic and trade scales. It`s found that to build the FTA between China and Korea is the focusing of both countries` following strategies. Although the achievement of FTA may cause the uneven distribution of benefits among the domestic industries in these two countries, the negotiations will be launched and successfully completed by making necessary exceptions or transitional arrangements for tariff reduction.


By exploring the description of chiral blocks in terms of co-invariants, a derivation of the Verlinde formula for WZW models is obtained which is entirely based on the representation theory of affine Lie algebras. In contrast to existing proofs of the Verlinde formula, this approach works universally for all untwisted affine Lie algebras. As a by-product we obtain a homological interpretation of the Verlinde multiplicities as Euler characteristics of complexes built from invariant tensors of finite-dimensional simple Lie algebras. Our results can also be used to compute certain traces of automorphisms on the spaces of chiral blocks. Our argument is not rigorous; in its present form this paper will therefore not be submitted for publication.


ABSTRACT: Misumenops pallidus life cycle and recruitment were studied under both laboratory and field conditions during two consecutive years. The life cycle included the egg stage, seven or eight juvenile instars and the adult stage. The first three instars developed within the egg sac, while the others developed as free-living individuals. Total body length increased from 3.2mm in the 3rd instar up to 14mm in adult females in average, and from 3.2mm up to 9mm in males. Predatory rate increased according to growth and maturity in females (females would consume 81% of all prey in the adult stage). Longevity of males and females as adults averaged 69.2 (± 30.76) and 161.3 (± 45.4) days, respectively. The developmental time from IV instar (the first free living instar) to the adult stage (114.2 ± 22.83 days) was very variable and long, suggesting that all IV instars of M. pallidus found in 94% of all sampling dates would represent different cohorts of the same parental generation. Three of potential prey: Rachiplusia nu defoliating larvae and young nymphs of Nezara viridula and Piezodorus guildinii exhibited complete synchrony with the local spider population in the studied commercial soybean plot.


PURPOSE: An epoxy resin composition useful for the coating of steel, comprising an epoxy resin, a chelate-forming curing agent, and solvent thereof. COPYRIGHT: (C)1977,JPO&Japio


The influence of UV-radiation on the offspring of red and green morphs of pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum(Harris) was studied to clarify the adaptability of both species under UV-radiation stress.In this study,the adult aphids of both red and green morphs radiated with a 40 W lamp of UV-B for 1,2,4,6,8,10 h were fed individually on alfalfa Gannong No.3 and Gannong No.5(G3 and G5)cultivars.The impact of UV-B on development duration(T),weight difference and mean relative growth rate(MRGR) of the 2nd generation aphids(F2) were measured.After relatively short duration of UV-B radiation(1 h and 2 h),the growth and development of red color morph of F2 pea aphid fed on G3 were accelerated significantly,but the MRGR of F2 was lesser affected.The green color morph of F2 fed on G3 had no change.The F2 aphid developments of both species fed on G5 were unchanged.Exposed to relatively long duration of UV-B radiation(10 h),the F2 aphids of both species on both G3 and G5 displayed reducing development rate compared with control.The development rate of green color morph was more reduced than that of red color morph on the same alfalfa varieties.The development rate of F2 pea aphids fed on G5 was more reduced than that fed on G3.Therefore,results showed that the effects of UV-B radiation on pea aphid were hereditable.The relatively short duration of UV-B radiation(1,2 h) accelerated the development rate ofred color morph on G3,while the relatively long time(10 h) of UV-B radiation reduced the development of both color morphs on G3 and G5.The green color morph was more sensitive to UV-B radiation than red color morph.The responses of two color morphs to UV-radiation were relative to alfalfa varieties.


A submanifold M immersed in a Kaehlerian manifold M is said to be totally real if each tangent space of M is mapped into the normal space by the almost complex structure of M (see Chen and Ogiue [3]). Recently, several authors have studied totally real submanifolds and obtained many interesting results from many points of view (Abe [1], Chen and Ogiue [3], Houh [5], Kon [9], Ludden, Okumura and Yano [10], [11], Yano [14], [15] and Yano and Kon [16], [17] and [18]). In the present paper, totally real submanifolds of a quaternionic Kaehlerian manifold will be studied and quaternionic analogues of several properties of those immersed in a Kaehlerian manifold will be proved. Let (M, g, V) be a quaternionic Kaehlerian manifold with quaternionic Kaehlerian structure (g, V) and {F, G, H} a canonical local basis in a coordinate neighborhood 0 of M (see § 1). We call a submanifold M immersed in M a totally real submanifold if each tangent space of M is mapped into the normal space by F, G and H (see Ishihara [7]). Recently, Chen and Houh ([2], [6]) have also studied this submanifold and showed many results. Our main result is stated in the following main theorem which will be proved in §4.


Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological features of lipid storage myopathy(LSM).Methods The clinical data,laboratory results and muscle biopsies of a case of LSM were analyzed and having the related literature reviewed.Results Weakness of proximal limb muscles and intolerance to exercise were the prominent clinical manifestations.Serum muscle enzymes were moderately elevated,and electromyogram(EMG) showed myogenic damages.Myopathological changes included vacuole degeneration of muscle fiber and increase of lipid droplets.Conclusions LSM is a rarely seen myopathy.Weakness of proximal limb muscles and intolerance to exercise are the two major clinical manifestations.The definite diagnosis depends on the muscle biopsy,and the prognosis is relatively well.


In sparse reconstruction, a small amount of samples are used to reconstruct sparse signal. This problem can be converted into multi-objective optimization problem, which considers sparsity and measurement error two competing cost function terms. Multi-objective optimization algorithm features unique advantage for solving this nonlinear and non-derivable problem. In order to trade off the sparsity and measurement error, in this paper, a novel multi-objective brainstorm algorithm based on objective space is used to optimize these two goals. Meanwhile, the local search ability of the algorithm is enhanced by introducing iterative half-thresholding operator in the frame of $L_{1/2}$ regulation. On the basis of the Pareto solution set, the knee point is selected without prior signal information. In a coarse-to-fine manner, the algorithm has a certain tolerance to noise, and we give an analysis for this. According to the results on the eighteen test functions compared with several state-of-the-art compressive sensing recover methods, the effectiveness of multiobjective brainstorm algorithm based on objective space is verified for sparse optimization problems, which achieving higher recover and smaller error and reducing the average computational time for the long signal.


CRM - Customer Relationship Management is not only technology. CRM new thinking in business. The full definition CRM tells that it is new strategy, process, the culture and technology business, which it makes possible optimization of profits and the enlargement across understanding and exit the remunerativeness of firm opposite the customers' needs. The important element of implementation of system the CRM is the choice the software, which will fulfil expectations of the organization resulting with creature expressed this system in its definition. The article undertakes the attempt to analyse and choice of software of the CRM system on the example of the trade firm


Hofsjökull debris-covered glacier and Júllogil rock glacier are located in the Hofsdalur valley headwalls, in Tröllaskagi, a mountainous peninsula located in central north Iceland, limited by Skagafjödur fjord to the west and Eyjafjördur fjord to the east. These debris-covered and rock glaciers are 3,000 and 1,100 meters long respectively, occupy an area of 3,795 and 0,696 km2 and they have a debris-free ice area in their headwalls. The summits are between 1,200 and 1,350 meters of altitude. The glacier fronts ends between 862 and 884 meters in the case of Hofsjökull debris-covered glacier and between 916 and 924 meters in Júllogil rock glacier. The main aim of this research was to determine the dynamic of these debris-covered and rock glaciers in the period of 1946-2017 from the changes observed in their surface morphology. The methodological approach consisted of a combination of geomorphological mapping, photogrammetric techniques and Geographical Information System (GIS) analysis. First, a Digital Photogrammetric WorkStation has been used to obtained high-accuracy multitemporal orthophotos from historical aerial photographs taken at different years (1946, 1980, 1985 and 1994) with 0.2 m resolution. The RMSExyz of the orthorectification of the aerial photographs range between 0.17 and 0.31 meters. Second, the largest blocks located on the debris-covered and rock glacier surfaces have been identified in 1980, 1985 and 1994 orthophotos and digitized in the GIS software. Finally, spatial analysis tools have been used to obtain the displacement of the blocks for these periods.


The article describes a new method of code clones detection for C/C++ programming languages. The method is based on metrics for program dependence graph. For every node of program dependence graph a characteristic vector is constructed, which contains information about neighbors.


Because rare book cataloging stresses the unique and characteristics of the species in special collections, it tends to be eclectic, chaotic even, in resisting standards and uniform description. Rare book librarians have therefore sought alternatives to AACR2 for bibliographic description at more detailed levels of control than this standard. Slowly a hierarchy of levels for the bibliographic control of books, manuscript and printed, is evolving which has a counterpart in archival control. As librarians choose appropriate levels of description for rare books and manuscripts, cost considerations must play their proper role. A survey of the major rare book and manuscript repositories in the U.S. and Canada provides comparative data for the cost of cataloging at levels higher than AACR2 and delineates other characteristics of RBSC operations for personnel, compensation, unit costs, backlogs, regional variance, standards in practice, accommodation of automation and networking, methods of providing intellectua...


The present invention relates to a tulobuterol percutaneous absorption type preparation which comprises a support and an adhesive layer having an average particle size of 2-20μm on the laminate layer tulobuterol crystallites mainly composed of synthetic rubber. More specifically, tulobuterol percutaneous absorption type preparations obtained press method: tulobuterol and the adhesive mainly composed of synthetic rubber dissolved in a good solvent, and the resulting solution was re-crystallization. The present invention further relates to a method for the preparation of tulobuterol percutaneous absorption type formulation, which comprises a binder consisting mainly of a synthetic rubber adhesive and tulobuterol dissolved in a good solvent, the resulting solution was applied to the surface of the release film, and dried, to give the adhesive layer, the adhesive layer is transferred onto the carrier, and re-crystallization at 10-30 ℃, duly formed 2-20μm average particle size of Los containing uniformly dispersed therein Castro microcrystalline adhesive layer. Percutaneous absorption type preparation of the present invention, tulobuterol role in the persistence of drug efficacy is excellent tulobuterol. Preparation process of the present invention can effectively produce the above formulation.


Diamond substrates and films have been adapted for many uses because of the material's exceptional properties such as the highest thermal conductivity, high mechanical hardness, wide bandgap, very good optical properties, chemical resistance and biocompatibility. On the other hand, in the last few years, the femtosecond (fs) laser technology has seen a considerable growth in scientific and manufacturing communities for its precision and damage free capability [1] enabling the micromachining of different materials for photonics applications [2]. In the case of surface machining of diamond the use of the laser microfabrication technology has been mainly limited to the investigation of the periodical sub-micron ripples observed on the sample surface after laser irradiation [3], and to the generation of channel-like structures with an average depth of less than half micron [4].


The utility model provides an intelligent fire rescue system for a family, which informs the user and related fire rescue units at the first time to win the best rescue time and minimize property loss and personal injury. The intelligent fire rescue system for the family comprises detection modules, intelligent collecting modules and a business platform, wherein signals of the detection modules are connected with the intelligent collecting modules which can send alarming information to a mobile phone of the user. The intelligent fire rescue system is characterized in that the intelligent collecting modules store logical address, and user address information corresponding to the logical address is stored in database; the business platform comprises an alarm signal receiving module, a data processing module, an information distributing module and a log-in management module; after the intelligent collecting modules are respectively registered through the log-in management module, signals collected by the intelligent collecting modules are sent to the alarm signal module, and the alarm signal module sends the signals to the data processing module; the data processing module is externally connected with the database; and the output end of the data processing module is connected with the information distributing module.


The aim of the paper is to present the concept of integrated reporting. Its aim is to explain to the stakeholders how value is created by a company with the use of its resources and relations as well as interactions with the external environment. The integrated reporting framework has been developed by the International Integrated Reporting Council, and the reason for this was the economic crisis. It seems that in view of the limitations of traditional financial accounting, it is advisable for companies to start practicing integrated reporting. This issue is also worth addressing within contemporary accounting research. SPRAWOZDAWCZOŚĆ ZINTEGROWANA I KIERUNKI JEJ ROZWOJU


~ THE RELATIONSHIP between psychiatry and corrections is dominated by mixed feelings. The psychiatrist is both respected and deprecated by correctional staffs; and he, in turn, has mixed feelings about them. The purpose of this paper is to explore the origins of some of these Inutually contradictory feelings; to see how they have influenced the relationship of the two groups; and finally, in light of the changes that are taking place in both psychiatry and corrections today, to describe several models of cooperation that have developed in recent years.


Background Blood stream infections (BSIs) are important determinants for prolonged hospital stay and if uncontrolled, progress to become life-threatening. The aim of this study is to determine the common bacterial agents associated with BSI and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in a tertiary care teaching hospital in the Western region of Nepal.


Charge transfer processes for double-electron colliding systems H+ + He and He2+ + He have been studied by using the asymptotic two-state atomic expansion method developed recently. Our results for the cross sections of electron capture are in good agreement with those given by the boundary-corrected first-order Born (B1B) approximation and experimental data in high-intermediate energies, and in the low-intermediate energies the present results are better than those obtained by the B1B approximation. Finally, we point out that the reason that capture cross sections predicted by first-order perturbation theory are in poor agreement with experimental data.


Medical nutritional therapy is an essential piece of diabetes treatment. Our objective was to investigate, with a survey, the knowledge about carbohydrates of a group of insulin treated diabetic patients, and the relationship between this knowledge and individual and treatment factors. A survey was made to obtain a score to measure the knowledge about carbohydrates. In the univariate analysis we observed some influences: age, general education, type of diabetes, diabetes education and insulin regime; sex didn't showed any influen ce. In the multivariate analysis only general education and diabetes education showed influence on the score, being the diabetes education the more influential factor on the patient knowledge about carbohydrates. Our results emphasize, so, the importance of the diabetes education to improve the quality of our care to the patients with diabetes.


Strauss, Anselm and Juliet Corbin (1998), Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications. Venkatesh, Alladi, Steven Chen, and Victor M. Gonzalez (2005), "Designing the Family Portal for Home Networking," in Domesticating Information Technologies, Robert Kraut, Malcolm Brynin, and Sara Kiesler, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ward, Tony and Stephen M. Hudson (1999), "Theories of Addiction," in The Elgar Companion to Consumer Research and Economic Psychology, Peter E. Earl and Simon Kemp, eds.: Edward Elgar. Wills, Thomas, John P. Pierce, and Richard I Evans (1996), "Large-scale environmental risk factors for substance use," American Behavioral Scientist, 39 (7), 808. Young, Kimberly S. (2004), "Internet Addiction: A New Clinical Phenomenon and Its Consequences," American Behavioral Scientist, 48 (4), 402.


At the present time philosophers of history, in their treatment of historians' claims as to the occurrence of events in the past, may be divided into two schools: "realist empiricists" and "instrumentalists/constructionists."I The realist empiricist sees the historian as first collecting his evidence and then building his account of the past on the basis of this sound foundation. Such an approach is open to a form of skepticism where it is claimed that nothing can serve as evidence about past events because they are unobservable and "E can be regarded as evidence for P if and only if E and P have sometimes been found together."'2 It is partly in response to this skepticism that the "instrumentalist/constructionist" position has been developed. According to this view the historian takes objects in the present and constructs an account of the past in order to explain the presence of these objects. Such an approach is vulnerable: "historiographical instrumentalism asserts both that there is no real past and that its constructions of that past account for or explain present evidence . . . only a construction that is offered as representing a real past can have force in accounting for the present evidence that is held to survive from the past.."3 More important, however, is the fact that realist empiricism and instrumentalism/constructionism share a common fallacy: both subscribe to the myth of evidence. For both, the description of a present object (the "evidence") is given. It will be the argument of the present essay that the historian's description of his data (presently perceptible objects) is never independent of his narratives of events in the past, such that all data descriptions are "narrative-laden."


The development of a liquid scintillation counting system has led to an evaluation of several multiplier phototube types, the comparison of a number of counting chamber surfaces, and an investigation of thermoelectric photocathode cooling. The results obtained, including the more important performance and electronic circuit characteristics of the system, are described.


The normal procedure adopted in the event of a hazardous incident occurring in the UK offshore sector is for the installation personnel to muster in the temporary refuge (TR) while the incident is assessed and a decision taken on whether the installation should be evacuated. Due to the risks involved in launching lifeboats in other than very moderate seas and to personnel entering the water ( hypothermia, low visibility for rescuers etc.), the industry has concentrated on reducing the number of personnel maintained on board (POB) and their exposure to risk. The need to demonstrate, via the Design Safety Case, that the escape, evacuation and rescue (EER) systems are effective has led to a reliance on the TR providing shelter until conditions are suitable for evacuation or the incident has run its course. The ability of the TR to survive for its required endurance time is determined by quantitative studies to establish its impairment frequency in accordance with the requirements of the Health & Safety Executive (HSE). There is however a fundamental problem in that the current design of TR, while they may satisfy the HSE impairment criteria, in certain circumstances will not provide a viable refuge for the duration of some of the worst case incidents. This problem becomes more severe for installations in remote locations or those where weather conditions prevent rapid attendance by rescue services. This paper examines the probable causes of such impairment and the risk to personnel, making proposals for design solutions to allow extended occupancy in these conditions.


With 2 figures and 5 tables

Abstract

Rosa damascena Mill., an important species as a source of rose oil, is one of the oldest rose species grown in Iran. The large cultivation area of Damask rose in Iran represents a potentially rich source of genetic resources for the species. To explore the diversity, 41 Damask rose genotypes from various cultivation areas of Iran and one from Bulgaria were evaluated with 37 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and characterized for 10 morphological traits and their ploidy levels. A total of 224 bands were scored from 37 SSR primer pairs. UPGMA cluster analysis based on Dice genetic similarity revealed 11 distinct groups for SSR and only three for the morphological data. Although most studied Damask roses were tetraploid, one triploid and two hexaploid genotypes were also found. The discriminating power of the SSR data was similar to previously reported data from RAPDs. The high level of molecular diversity revealed in this Iranian collection of R. damascena suggests that Iran is the probable center of diversity for Damask rose.


The Tang–Toennies (TT) semiempirical model potentials for ion–atom systems is applied to the rare gas–halide negative ion exciplexes. The coefficients defining the repulsive Born–Mayer term in the TT semiempirical potentials are determined from the equilibrium bond length Re and dissociation energy De taken from ab initio calculations and from transport studies of these molecular ions. The damped dispersion and induction energy terms in the TT potentials are obtained from coupled Hartree–Fock calculations for the neutral rare gas atoms and F− and Cl− ions. The multipole polarizabilities for the heavier halogen atomic negative ions are estimated from a knowledge of polarizability ratios across isoelectronic sequences. The resultant semiempirical ionic potentials are compared to available ab initio calculations and the results of inversion of transport theory. To facilitate the comparison of the (sparse) ab initio data with the semiempirical potentials, a simple fitting procedure is presented for determinin...


The opening of the eleventh International Youth Scientific School-Conference "Theory and Numerical Methods for solving Inverse and ill-posed Problems" was held on August 26, 2019 at Novosibirsk State University. The first ten school-conferences, held from 2009 to 2018, showed the relevance and scientific significance of the chosen subject [1,2,3]. Over the past years, researchers, graduate students and undergraduates from Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, as well as from China, the USA, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, the UK, Brazil, Malaysia took part in the school-conferences. For 10 years, representatives of 78 universities, 134 research institutes and more than 20 companies (Total, Baker-Hughes, Schlumberger, Rosneft and others) participated actively at school-conferences. The Conference continued until September 4. The participants were very interested in the reports of academicians S. K. Godunov (Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Novosibirsk), M. A. Guzev (Institute of Applied Mathematics, Vladivostok), I. A. Taimanov (Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Novosibirsk), E. E. Tyrtyshnikov (Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Moscow), corresponding members of the RAS V.V. Vasin (Krasovsky Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, Ekaterinburg), S. I. Kabanikhin, G. A. Mikhailov (Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics, Novosibirsk ), V. G. Romanov (Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Novosibirsk).


Abstract Purpose The relationship between China and the United States has been in freefall in recent years. Both the Covid-19 pandemic and the U.S.-China trade war contributed to more negative perceptions of China among the American public. This study analyzes how Americans' news consumption and personal traits affected their general perceptions of China before and after the outbreak of Covid-19 in 2020 to explore how major international events might influence people's perceptions of foreign nations. Design/methodology/approach This study relied on data from two national online surveys conducted in the United States in early 2019 (N = 1,250) and 2021 (N = 1,237). Both surveys measure the respondents' media use, personal traits, and their perceptions of China. Findings The findings indicate that perceptions of China were mostly shaped by exposure to partisan and social media—rather than consumption of mainstream news media. However, these relationships were significantly stronger in 2021 than in 2019, pointing to a growing influence of the U.S. news media in U.S.-China relations. This study also found that partisanship and personal traits were strong predictors of Americans' attitudes toward China. Practical implications Researchers can learn from this study which variables should be included in surveys that focus on public perceptions of foreign affairs. Social implications This study shows that media effects and personal traits interact in complex ways to shape Americans' perceptions of China. Originality/value This study analyzes and compares data from two national representative samples, offering insights into how major international events might influence public opinion. It also measures the possible impact of the Chinese social media platform TikTok on Americans' perceptions of China.


A compound represented by the following general formula (II) or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof is used as a P2X4 receptor antagonist: (II) wherein R11 represents a hydrogen atom or a C1-8 alkyl group; R21 represents a C1-8 alkyl group, a C1-8 alkoxy group, a C1-8 alkyl group substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms or a hydroxyl group; and R31 represents a hydrogen or halogen atom.


In 2002, apple rootstock trials using three scion cultivars were established at Geneva, NY, to evaluate 64 apple (Malus xdomestica Borkh.) rootstocks for horticultural performance and fire blight resistance. Field trials compared several elite Geneva® apple rootstocks, which were bred for tolerance to fire blight and Phytophthora root rot, to both commercial standards and elite rootstock clones from around the world. Three rootstocks performed well with all scion cultivars: 'B.9', 'Geneva® 935', and 'Geneva® 41'. All three rootstocks were similar in size to 'M.9' clones but with elevated yield efficiency and superior resistance to fire blight. 'Geneva® 11' also performed very well with 'Golden Delicious' and 'Honeycrisp' with regard to yield efficiency and disease resistance. Resistant rootstocks greatly enhanced the survival of young trees, particularly with the susceptible scion cultivars 'Gala' and 'Honeycrisp'. Results demonstrate the ability of new rootstock clones to perform better than current commercial standards, reducing financial risk to producers while promoting orchard health with enhanced disease resistance.


Public-private partnerships need to become a strong mechanism in the following period aiming infrastructure development at the local level. Local governments are faced with the lack of funds in the budget on the one hand, and with the demands of citizens, businesses and other beneficiaries for high quality services on the other hand. Solution to this problem should be sought in PPP at the local level. All factors in this process (local government, private enterprise, financiers) have an expressed motive (economic or political) for successful implementation of the project. Type of public-private partnerships depends on the type of infrastructure object, the total cost of investment and exploitation time. This paper presents three models of partnership depending on the manner the invested funds are returned, i.e. charge for object use, as follows: PPP projects that are charged to the end users, PPP projects that are charged to the local government and PPP projects with partial commercial use.


We fabricated a quadrupole-electrode-embedded micopore in a thin SiN membrane on a Si wafer. We demonstrated single-particle manipulation via a dielectrophoretic control through applying AC voltage to the electrodes to move only specific analytes to approach the pore. This manipulation-assisted sensor approach can be used for selective detections of specific analytes in biological samples by repelling oversized impurity particles through the dielectrophoretic mechanism whereby opening venues toward clinical use of nanopore technologies.


This chapter contains sections titled: High-Order Single-Quantizer Modulators Stability Considerations in High-Order Modulators Optimization of the NTF Zeros and Poles Loop Filter Architectures Multi-Stage Modulators Conclusions This chapter contains sections titled: References


The aim of ESP courses is to equip the learners with a certain English proficiency level for a situation where the language is going to be used, i.e., target needs. In the last few years, needs analysis researches have tended to an increased interest in investigating the most effective ways of improving the ability of workers in using ESP in the workplace. One of the skills required in the field of travel and tourism is writing. Accordingly, the current study aims to determine the letter writing needs of tourism students. To this end, a complete list of sample business letters was taken to experts in the field of travel and tourism and hotel managers. The long list was truncated to be more easily handled in the second phase of the study. The newly drawn list of letters was sent to five hotels and twenty travel agencies in Iran to find the most frequent topics they deal with in their daily correspondence as their needs. To have confidence in the agency choices, the researchers also measured the interrater reliability coefficient among different agencies and hotels.


Article 250 EC Where, pursuant to the Treaties, the Council acts on a proposal from the Commission, it may amend that proposal only by acting unanimously, except in the cases referred to in paragraphs 10 and 13 of Article 294, in Articles 310, 312 and 314 and in the second paragraph of Article 315.


It is well known that large thermal stresses arise in a ceramic-metal joint because of thermal expansion mismatch. To avoid fracture of a joint, therefore, a ceramic with a smaller thermal expansion coefficient than metal has been recommended. The joint is called a "compressive joint, because it is believed that only compressive stresses arise in the ceramic part. A finite element calculation, however, has shown that a large tensile stress acts even in a ceramic part of a compressive joint. The aim of this study is to clarify stress distribution in a compressive joint by solving analytically the stress equation of the jointWe have dealt with a special joint in which the elastic constants of the ceramic are assumed to be the same as those of the metal, for convenience. The calculated tensile stress agrees fairly well withthat obtained by the finite element method and also the stress distributions by both the methods are more or less the same.


PURPOSE
This study evaluated the effect of acid conditioners on resin bonding to dentin following irradiation with an Er:YAG laser and investigated the characteristics of resin bonding to the laser-treated dentin.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Extracted bovine teeth were cervically sectioned to expose a dentin surface. After polishing, the dentin was irradiated with an Er:YAG laser. Aqueous solutions of 10% citric acid (10-0) or 10% citric acid/3% ferric chloride (10-3) were then applied to the laser-treated surface as acid conditioners. After the acid treatment, a PMMA rod was bonded to the irradiated dentin using 4-META/MMA-TBB resin, and miniaturized dumbbell-shaped bonded specimens were prepared. These specimens were subjected to tensile testing, and fractured surfaces were observed with field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) to determine the mode of fracture. Additionally, the resin-dentin interfaces were observed under FE-SEM.

RESULTS
The tensile bond strength of acid-conditioned bonded specimens was lower than that of specimens not subjected to acid treatment (11.1 MPa) in the laser-irradiated group. No significant difference was observed between 10-0 and 10-3 treatments. 10-3 treatment yielded the highest bond strength (24.6 MPa) in the nonirradiated group, as opposed to only 7.7 MPa in the laser-treated group. Cohesive failure in the dentin was observed in almost all specimens in the irradiated group. Furthermore, a 10- to 30-micron-thick resin-penetrated layer was observed at the interface between the dentin and resin.

CONCLUSION
These results suggest that the effect of acid conditioners on resin bonding to dentin differs according to whether the dentin has been laser irradiated or not.


The problem of wave propagation through a waveguide partially filled with lossy dielectric has been a subject of interest for several years due to its practical importance. However, a good solution to this problem is not achieved in the general case because of the mathematical difficulties caused by the radiation condition which is enforced at an infinite distance from the exciting sources. In the present work we leave out the radiation condition and intend to use the bounded absorption principle together with the generalized eigenvalue method. The latter is adopted in some points in order to apply it to infinite waveguides. The approach we used is based on two ideas which are as follows: a) the original infinite lossy waveguide boundary problem may be replaced by a finite short-circuited waveguide i.e. resonator boundary problem. b) The electromagnetic field excited may be treated as an analytical function of the slab's dielectric constant and can be computed by means of the analytical expansion.


The respiration of a kidney cortex section was tested in the range from 1 x 10/sup 2/ to 1 x 10/sup 6/ r x radiation with and without the addition of 2.4- dinitrophenol. Guinea pigs were uled as the experimental animals. The results were graphed. The oxygen uptake in the irradiation range from 1 x 10/sup 2/ to 5 x 10/sup 4/ r did not vary from that observed in unirradiated sections. Above 10 r a sharp increase of the respiration was observed with increasing doses. The respiration rise caused by DNP was unaffected by irraddiation up to 10/sup 4/ r. With increasing dose the oxygen uptake was reduced. The radioinduced respiration increase was established at approximately the same dose as the radioinduced arrest of the respiration increased by DNP. The possible mechanism was discussed. (J.S.R.)


The aquatic vascular flora and the vegetation of rivers, temporary ponds, dams and ditches of selected localities of the state of Queretaro, Mexico are studied. Several places are heavily infested with water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and Lemna spp. The highest floristic diversity was found in the temporary ponds of the region of Amealco and Huimilpan where 33 species of aquatic and subaquatic vascular plants were recorded. A total of 118 species of 65 genera and 43 families of pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms were found, 19 of which are new state records for Queretaro.


This paper presents a concept for an Operational Land Observing System (OLOS) formulated to satisfy a broad spectrum of perceived user needs for a diverse discipline community. The concept formulated will allow continuous orthographic imaging across multiple spectral bands, near-global stereoscopic imaging, and next-day oblique imaging of any desired spot on earth. Imaging parameters will be adaptable to known phenomena characteristics to facilitate information extraction including optional onboard theme selection. The conceptual system will provide 6- to 12-hour quick-look capability, 48-hour turnaround on all standard imaging products, and a guaranteed data flow schedule reliability for 10 to 20 years. A fleet of successive operational satellites will be used.


Ab initioquantum chemical methods have been used to study themechanisms for the hydrocarbon conversion in zeolites (cracking,isomerisation, alkylation, etc.). It is found that theintermediates are covalent alkoxide species and indicate thatthere is no energy ordering of these alkoxides according totheir primary, secondary, or tertiary nature. Transition stateshave been located for the most important conversion reactionsteps for hydrocarbons up to C6. The reactions are concerted andthe transition states are ionic and ring-like. Due to chargedelocalisation in the transition state the activation energiesdepend on the nature of the initial and final alkoxides. Thesecalculations are the foundation for a new model of thehydrocarbon conversion which can better describe the influenceof the zeolite as will be illustrated with calculations on acidsites with varying acid strength.


The Government of Kenya remains committed to enhancing literacy and numeracy to all her citizens. This is through the provision of adult education to cater for out of school youth and adults who missed out of basic education in line with the country's educational objectives and the vision 2030. However, participation in adult education remains low despite high number of illiterate adult in the county. This paper shows the assessment of participation in adult education and the determined the strategies for its improvement in Kenya. It identifies the characteristics of adult learners, their reasons for learning, and the barriers to the effectiveness of the program. The determined strategies to improve participation in adult education include: Provision of civic education on adult education, Provision of physical facilities and program support materials, use of various innovative teaching methods, making adult learning practices highly motivating, imparting knowledge and skills easily applicable in life situations and empowering adult learners by facilitating access to new income sources. The study was carried out in Trans-Nzoia East Sub-county, Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya. It adopted a descriptive survey research design. The study sample incorporated: adult learners, adult education teachers and the Sub-County Director of Adult and Continuing Education (DACE). A sample size of 97 respondents was identified through random (stratified and simple) and purposive sampling. Data was collected using closed ended and open ended questionnaires, and a semi-structured interview. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics: frequencies and percentages and presented in tables. Based on the findings of the study, this paper recommends more effort in the policy making, organization and implementation of adult education to realize improved participation.


We present an overview of algorithms and data structures for dynamic re nement/coarsening (adaptation) of unstructured FE meshes on loosely coupled parallel processors. We describe a) a parallel adaptation algorithm, b) an online parallel repartitioning algorithm based on mesh adaptation histories, c) an algorithm for the migration of mesh elements between processors, and d) an integrated object-oriented framework for the adaptation, repartitioning and migration of the mesh. A two-dimensional triangle-based prototype demonstrates the feasibility of these ideas.


The present invention provides a nickel oxide ore containing crystal water ferronickel by blast-furnace smelting process, including the crushing and screening ore, sinter ore formed, sintered ore blocks, coke, limestone / lime, dolomite and fluorite be mixed blast-furnace smelting to obtain ferronickel, wherein the weight ratio of additive to sinter is: fluorite 0.3 ~ 20% dolomite 0 ~ 8% limestone / lime 4 ~ 35%, the process further comprises sieving the sintered ore blocks pulverization magnetic separation ore powder and then sintering to obtain, compared to the prior art, the proportion of fluorite and sintered ore in the smelting process of ferronickel provided by the present invention can reduce the effect of chromium on the furnace temperature, but also to avoid excessive lead as fluorine hearth burn through other accidents; magnesium contained in dolomite may solve the problem of poor flowability of molten nickel-chromium ore caused chromium; limestone can not only provide alkalinity but also balanced the two additives, blast furnace smelting provided by the invention, France low cost, high raw material recovery.


Summarized the Acts Regulations and advances o f study on fortif ied oils and fats with vitamins, prompted the problems which should be foresee a nd solved, gave some advice on how to solve the problems.


Abstract Fermentation of starch hydrolysates {wet-milling corn process} exhibited a lower conversion efficiency in the presence of yeast fermentation backset compared to fourfold concentrated Zymomonas mobtiis fermentation backset. In dry milling, Z. mobilis fermentation backset stimulated ethanol production in the case of liquefied corn feed stocks but retarded fermentation with liquefied milo feedstocks. By using an inoculum cascade method, this retardation was found to be due to nutrient deficiencies in the milo flour. After adjustment of this deficiency, Z. mobilis fermentation in the presence of backset was equal to or better than that obtained in the absence of backset.


The investigation problem refers to the lack of a system or financial model which can be used as a budgeting model or simulator that supplies relevant and trustworthy information for Alpina Exports Business Unit. The result proposed, includes the design of a budget information system with the final purpose to be used as a base for an exports simulator, simulator that was designed and put in operation starting this project, as will be seen in the last part of the document in the conclusions and recommendations. The principal benefits for Alpina with the construction of this tool involve: costs reductions, agility in decision making, quick response in obtaining reliable and responsible results, and the possibility of different scenario simulations.


In the estuary reach of the Yangtze River downstream of Datong Station,the river channel is multi-branched and broad,and the flow and sediment transportation is unsteady under the interaction of runoff and tidal current.According to its characteristics,a 1-D unsteady mathematical model for suspended sediment with the channel network character is proposed to simulate the process of flow and sediment transportation in the reach from Datong to Xuliujing.Validation of the model shows that the model can simulate the scour and silting in the reach under the interaction of runoff and tidal current.


Let K be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space H . Approximationsolvability of a class of relaxed γ r -cocoercive nonlinear variational inequality (NVI) problems, based on the convergence of projectionmethods, is discussed as follows: find an elements x∗ ∈ K such that 〈 T(x∗), x − x∗〉 0 ∀x ∈ K where T : K → H ia a nonlinear mapping on K . Mathematics subject classification (2000): 49J40, 65B05, 47H17.


Integrated process for gasoline blending components and aromatic hydrocarbon production, comprising: (a) a lower alkane feed with an aromatic hydrocarbon conversion catalyst to produce a reaction product of an aromatic hydrocarbon mixture, said mixture comprising benzene and / or toluene and / or xylene , C9 aromatic product, comprising the product of naphthalene and C10 aromatics, optionally, C11 + aromatic products, (b) separating and recovering the aromatic reaction product mixture, (c) separation and recovery of benzene, (d) optionally isolating and recovering toluene and / or xylene, and (e) the product of C9 aromatics and boiling at a temperature lower than the naphthalene and naphthalene and C10 aromatics product boiling at a temperature higher than the naphthalene and C10 aromatics reaction product of C11 + aromatics product is isolated in any and recycling.


In this research paper, we provide an introduction to fluorescence microscopy techniques. We show how the development of these techniques has lead to significant advances in cellular physiology. As part of this discussion, we detail applications of optical imaging to a study of cell division and to a study of the nervous system. We will conclude by presenting some limitations and controversies of these techniques, and will also outline some exciting new developments for the future.


MOST urogenital infections with Escherichia coli involve extraintestinal pathogenic E coli (ExPEC), which have specific virulence factors (VFs) that contribute to extraintestinal pathogenicity. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been identified in ExPEC from dogs and cats, and this has implications both for the treatment of infected animals and for public health. This study assessed antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in ExPEC isolates from cats and dogs with urogenital E coli infections. A total of 104 urogenital E coli isolates from dogs (66 from urine and 19 from genital swabs) and cats (15 urinary, four genital) were studied. The susceptibility of the isolates to nine antimicrobials was assessed by the agar dilution method. Multiplex PCR was used to identify the genes encoding six VFs and to assign the isolates to one of the four main phylogenetic groups of E coli. The genetic diversity of the isolates was assessed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis. Of the 104 isolates, 65 were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and 45 were resistant to three or more and considered multidrugresistant. Eight isolates were resistant to eight antimicrobials and one to all nine that were tested. All but 16 isolates had at least one VF gene; the most common gene identified singly was aer (encoding aerobactin) and combinations of two or more VFs were frequently identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 64 isolates belonged to group B2 and 22 belonged to group D; previous studies have reported that human isolates mainly belong to these groups. Various associations between phylogenetic group, AMR traits and VFs were identified. The authors conclude that, in view of the high prevalence of AMR and phylogenetic origins similar to those of isolates from humans, it is important to consider cats and dogs as a possible reservoir of ExPEC.


Today,  technology  is  growth  very  fast.  Many  advantage  witches  can  get  from  the technology, which one  is using Encrypted Application,  that makes  the  company  can  store the  data  on  database  with  more  safely  better  than  application  which  not  using  the Encrypted Application. The Encrypted Application  can apply within  company which have image  file,  especially  .jpg,  because  file  .jpg  have  a  little  space  that  more  efficient  and effective in space memory. By using the Encrypted Application such as Huffman method in this application, hopefully that can make the company work more efficient and effective in the safety problem. Keywords: Encrypted Application, Image file, Efficient and effective


Abstract This paper extends the studies of IFRS convergence in China by analysing heterogeneity with respect to the reduction in the cost of equity capital, and investigating the potential causes of that heterogeneity using the sample of listed A-share companies of 2004–2010. This paper finds that state-owned companies have experienced a greater cost reduction than non-state-owned companies. The further analyses find that institutional settings and management incentives are critical driving factors for state-owned companies benefiting more from IFRS convergence. These findings not only enrich the literature by providing direct evidence to reveal and explain the heterogeneity in the reduction in the cost of equity capital caused by IFRS convergence in China, but also contribute to the appraisal of the convergence. To implement IFRS-converged accounting standards in transitional economies such as China, it is important to strengthen the development of external marketisation and the governance of incentives for earnings management.


AbstractInclusions in ingots are of three types: primary, secondary, and exogenous. Primary inclusions form from the melt before solidification of the metallic phase, and secondary inclusions form from the melt in interdendritic regions after the metallic phase has begun to grow. Exogenous inclusions are entrapped inclusions whose source external to the melt (e.g. ladle refractories). In this review formation of both primary and secondary inclusions as a solidification process are discussed. The emphasis is on oxide inc lusions in ferrous melts.


The impairment of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity induces intracellular chloride (Cl–) accumulation. The anion Cl–, acting as a second messenger, stimulates the secretion of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), which starts an autocrine positive feedback loop. Here, we show that NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and caspase 1 (CASP1) are indirectly modulated by the intracellular Cl– concentration, showing maximal expression and activity at 75 mM Cl–, in the presence of the ionophores nigericin and tributyltin. The expression of PYD and CARD domain containing (PYCARD/ASC) remained constant from 0 to 125 mM Cl–. The CASP1 inhibitor VX‐765 and the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 completely blocked the Cl–‐stimulated IL‐1β mRNA expression and partially the IL‐1β secretion. DCF fluorescence (cellular reactive oxygen species, cROS) and MitoSOX fluorescence (mitochondrial ROS, mtROS) also showed maximal ROS levels at 75 mM Cl–, a response strongly inhibited by the ROS scavenger N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) or the NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor GKT137831. These inhibitors also affected CASP1 and NLRP3 mRNA and protein expression. More importantly, the serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) inhibitor GSK650394, or its shRNAs, completely abrogated the IL‐1β mRNA response to Cl– and the IL‐1β secretion, interrupting the autocrine IL‐1β loop. The results suggest that Cl– effects are mediated by SGK1, in which under Cl– modulation stimulates the secretion of mature IL‐1β, in turn, responsible for the upregulation of ROS, CASP1, NLRP3 and IL‐1β itself, through autocrine signalling.