Website review: CLIK – Center for Organizational Learning, Innovation and Knowledge (http://wpweb2.tepper.cmu.edu/orgsci/index.html) The CLIK (Center for Organizational Learning, Innovation and Knowledge) is a research center located at the Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University, directed by Linda Argote. Recognizing the multidisciplinary nature of learning and innovation, this center counts with researchers' contributions in several fields (organizational behavior, psychology, economics, engineering, computer science, sociology and information systems). Three research lines underlie this center's activity: behavioral foundations of group and organizational learning and innovation; social networks, learning, innovation and knowledge transfer; and technology, organizational learning and knowledge transfer. A good description of these research lines is provided on the website, including information about research topics and goals, main findings achieved, researchers involved and publications that were derived from the research work developed. Additionally, the website also provides examples and a brief description of current research, such as "learning across product, work group and geographic boundaries", "the two wonders of experience working together: Unpacking how matching work responsibilities and individual expertise and having a common language contribute to team performance", "Mindlab project", "social networks, turnover, transactive memory systems and team performance". A list of publications since 2005 to "in press", and conference announcements, can be also find in CLIK website. All in all, this website offers concise but useful information about the center's activity, from a description of ongoing projects to the updated list of publications. Thus, it is mostly recommended for those who are interested in topics such as transactive memory systems and performance, the effect of emotion and performance on learning, knowledge transfer across groups or learning curves.


Method for allocating bandwidth in controlling call admission Iub interface, comprising assigning a pool of total bandwidth, according to a non-linear dependent on the number of users N function, which preferably is the following logarithmic function: \ Vskip1.000000 \ ester BW_Reservado = BWres_un_usuario * log (N {factorPendiente} + 9) \ Vskip1.000000 \ ester where: - BW_Reservado is the total bandwidth, - BWres_un_usuario is reserving bandwidth when there is only one user on the system; - factorPendiente is a factor to control the incremental backup whenever more users enter the system. The method can be applied either to dedicated channels PS DCH or such as E-DCH, in which the reserve total bandwidth corresponds to the bandwidth reserved for the whole set of dedicated channels; or a shared channel by the N users, in which the reserve total bandwidth corresponds to the bandwidth reserved for said shared channel band, such as a HSDPA channel.


Mammography screening lowers a woman's risk of dying from breast cancer by approximately 19% (1). As for any relative risk reduction, the absolute risk reduction varies based on a woman's risk of developing breast cancer. Because the harms of mammography screening (specifically, false-positive results and overdiagnosis) vary less consistently by breast cancer risk level, the ratio of benefits to harms is more favorable for higher-risk women compared with those at low or average risk of breast cancer (2). With growing recognition of how mammography's net benefit relates to individuals' risk, the concept of risk-based breast cancer screening has grown more accepted and is being studied in a number of settings (3). Research on risk-based breast cancer screening has largely focused on strategies for screening higher-risk women. The only lower-risk group that prior is average-risk women in their whose favorable ratio of benefits to older women Preventive routine mammography screening this careful investigated screening for aged 50years and who at lower-than-average risk of developing breast cancer. a averted, positives, and associated


The aim of the thesis was to understand and to predict the flow and the crystallization of a thermoplastic polymer (PET) during the injection moulding process as a function of polymer and processing conditions. This pluridisciplinar objective has been reached by the combination of injection moulding and characterization experiments, mathematical modelling and numerical simulation.


Introduction. Today, budget and tax instruments play an important role in implementing the policy of state regulation of economic development. The implementation of effective economic policy involves the use of fiscal instruments that contribute to long-term financial and economic goals. Given this, the choice of fiscal instruments, the time of their implementation and their combination - these are important issues, so to address them it is necessary to conduct a balanced assessment of the financial and economic condition of the economy.
Methods. In the process of writing the article used general scientific techniques and methods of economic research. The theoretical and methodological basis of intelligence is the analysis of scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on the study of tools of budget and tax regulation of the economy, Internet resources. The article uses general and special research methods, in particular: general and special – to ensure the achievement of this goal; dialectical, abstract and logical – to substantiate theoretical positions and conclusions.
Results. The article analyzes the theoretical aspects of the concept of «fiscal regulation». The decisive role of budgetary and tax instruments in the development of the state economy is stated. It is determined that in the vast majority of cases, fiscal instruments are considered by scholars as a general system of budgetary and fiscal instruments. It is proved that effective budget and tax regulation helps to ensure the way out of crisis processes of the state. The results of the study allow us to state the existence of a significant number of fiscal instruments.
Discussion. Further research will focus on the study of budget and tax tools as the main element of the system of regulation of economic development of the state.
Keywords: budget and tax regulation, budget instrument, tax instrument, economic development.


When the Consultants Bureau of Tulane Computing Services (TCS), Tulane University's central computing facility, planned to add high-quality laser printer support to an existing microcomputer lab, it was clear that a network provided the best solution. A network would allow the MS-DOS microcomputers to share an expensive printing resource. Careful consideration was paid to the design of the network's user interface. Goals for the design were to have the network integrate smoothly into the existing microcomputer lab and to make the network easy to use.


A method of growing large high‐purity Gd single crystals has been developed utilizing a distillation chamber completely sealed by molten Gd. Resistance ratios [ρ(294 K)/ρ(4.2 K)] up to ∼160 have been attained from a starting point of ∼30 in a single distillation run with the resultant crystal grains approaching a cubic centimeter in volume.


Slip-lining is a preferred rehabilitation approach in the departments of transportation in China. Although the method is the most common rehabilitation technique, few research studies have been conducted on the mechanical behavior of a rehabilitated reinforced concrete pipe (RCP). A series of experiments were conducted on RCPs rehabilitated with a corrugated steel pipe (CSP), a steel pipe, a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe, and a shape steel bracket. The RCP rehabilitated with the CSP showed an increase in both the load-carrying capacity (3.46 times greater than the RCP) and the stiffness (5.35 times greater than the RCP). The RCP rehabilitated with the steel pipe, HDPE pipe, and steel bracket exhibited an increase in the load-carrying capacity (1.23, 1.50, and 1.31 times greater than the RCP, respectively), and the stiffness of these three pipes was not markedly changed. The slip-lined pipe acts as a "pipe within a pipe" system. A "load-sharing" theory was proposed in this study and provides estimates of the load-carrying capacity of the slip-lined pipes.


ALTHOUGH it has long been recognized that the serum calcium is maintained within rigid physiologic limits, it is only in the past decade that the hormonal factors involved in this regulation have b...


The transport mode choice problem is to determine which of the alternative transport modes connecting an origin and destination will be used by a traveler. Most of the research relating to transport mode choice have mainly been focused on modeling, properties, and applications of the model, but rarely were concerned with equilibrium among the modes. This paper proves the equilibrium among the modes by using a logit mode choice model, and then verifies it with the Korean Transport Database (KTDB). In order to obtain such an equilibrium, this paper also presents a solution algorithm based on the fixed point theorem. The algorithm was tested with an example and confirmed the equilibrium solution.


I required for direct laser marking of pharmaceuticals has been in place. Twenty years ago, approximately 22,000 laser marking machines were in use in various industries worldwide, some of which were using carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers to imprint lot numbers on the aluminum backing of pharmaceutical blister packs [2]. CO2 lasers were not suitable for marking individual tablets or capsules through the clear plastic of a blister pack, however, because CO2 radiation melts the plastic and destroys the package. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, on the other hand, safely passes through a transparent blister and can be used to mark tablets or capsules pigmented with titanium dioxide (TiO2) [3]. This article describes the basic principles of UV laser marking and its applicability to solid oral dosage forms. It focuses on laser-surface interactions with emphasis on the role of titanium dioxide exposed to intensive UV laser pulses in the process of marking. Topics covered include experimental data and theory, advantages and limitations, and practical implementations.


This study was aimed to investigate the effects of room temperature (RT, 20-25 oC) and absence of medium during cauda epididymis transport on spermatozoa quality, fertility and embryo development. In the first experiment, fresh sperm from one side of cauda epididymis was used for in vitro fertilization, and another side was delivered at RT or 4-8 oC either with or without M2. In the second experiment, each side of cauda epididymis obtained from the same mouse was individually delivered at RT or 4 oC with or without M2. Finally, sperm motility, progressive motility scores and fertility of fresh spermatozoa or those from transported cauda epididymis, and IVF embryo development were evaluated. Progressive motility scores and fertilization rates were higher in fresh spermatozoa than transported sperm; sperm motility of transported cauda epididymis at 4-8 oC was comparable to fresh spermatozoa, but spermatozoa motility of transported cauda epididymis at RT was inferior to fresh spermatozoa. Spermatozoa motillty of transported cauda epididymis at 4-8 oC with transport medium was much higher than that without transport medium; absence of transport medium did not affect sperm motility of transported cauda epididymis at 4-8 oC but affected sperm motility of transported cauda epididymis at RT. Sperm quality from transported cauda epididymis can be efficiently kept at 4-8 oC, and cauda epididymis transport at 4-8 oC without M2 is more beneficial on keeping their fertility. Moreover cauda epididymis transport at RT without medium could sufficiently produce embryos for obtainning live offsprings.


The revival of traditional Chinese concepts such as Tianxia and the analysis of emerging ideas as the Chinese dream, brought to the global and international arena, allow us to rethink current processes in a self-contained framework. The Tianxia was established back in the times of the Zhou Dynasty (1046 -256 BC) to ensure unity in the diversity of the people, which gave rise to new relationships and assigned functions to avoid conflicts. The notion of the Chinese dream was introduced by President Xi Jinping in an attempt to export social and economic benefits to the rest of the territories outside China's orbit. However, both proposals have platforms that exceed the territorial scale of this Asian country, since they try to legitimize themselves through global practices. From these two concepts, we use China's New Silk Road (NSR) as object of analysis. The problematization of this topic, based on Chinese theoretical postulates, is able to provide an outlook of the geopolitical and cultural thinking of the Asian giant. This type of study is based on a situational analysis, since the NSR still need to spread its influence. Therefore, this article is not a concluding work, but a preliminary look at the challenge proposed and imposed by the NSR in China.


of the ancient authors cited in the book, a brief bibliography, and three indices (name and author; subject; and scripture). These features, and Sheridan's deft ability to explain unfamiliar themes in simple ways, make the book largely self-explanatory. This book is an exemplary study of early Christian exegesis. It is accurate, detailed and richly illustrated with specimens of the sources under consideration. From time to time, the book's precise focus comes at the cost of peripheral topics—as, for instance, the worthiness of God (esp. pp. 224–29). That concept surely served as a control for exegetes precisely according to Sheridan's analysis. But it does raise the question of how one knows whether or not a certain attribute is worthy of God; 'being worthy of God' is not necessarily a self-evident property and claims about what is, or isn't, worthy of God are prime targets for debate. Sheridan makes reference to at least one such debate, albeit in passing (pp. 134–35). On the basis of Sheridan's earlier publications, it is entirely clear that he understands these debates profoundly, which makes me wonder whether the marginalization of them in the book under review might be significant. Given the thoroughly theological character of Sheridan's analysis of allegorical exegesis, and given the prominence of practical examples in the book, perhaps it is fair to regard the book as an example of good theological scholarship dedicated to a historical subject. If so, the book is all the more remarkable. Specimens of historical theology proliferate, but relatively few of them are valuable both as history and as theology. Many fall seriously short on both counts, often through pursuing the social history of Christians as if doing so automatically discloses religious attitudes and motivations from the past. Not so Sheridan's book. It is a fine example of theology that is genuinely historical.


This paper is based on a study of 1,514 patients registered by the Queensland Melanoma Project between July, 1963, and December, 1969. A confident clinical diagnosis of malignant melanoma is possible in the majority of cases by close inspection of the tumour, particularly if there is a history of change in its size, elevation, colour or surface characteristics. In doubtful cases, a biopsy with or without frozen section is indicated, but is best carried out by the surgeon responsible for definitive treatment. The extent of local surgery necessary is controversial and depends on the clinical and pathological features of the tumour, its anatomical situation and the age and sex of the patient. The regional nodes should be excised if they are clinically involved or suspected to be so. If the draining nodes are apparently normal, observation is recommended in preference to elective dissection, except in special circumstances.


1. Introduction In the past few years, the German hospital sector has undergone a process of consolidation due to the privatisation of a large number of hospitals held by local communities or…


A Co/SiO 2 catalyst is prepared and used in F T reaction for the synthesis of heavy hydrocarbons. The effects of various operation conditions including temperature, pressure and space velocity on its performance are investigated and a test for the catalyst stability is carried out for 500 h. The experimental results show that the C 5+ selectivity has only a little change on stream, but CO conversion gradually decreases. Thus the reaction temperature must be raised slowly to maintain the catalyst activity. After H 2 regeneration in situ , the activity is approximately recovered to the original level. Hydrocarbon products are mainly composed of alkane and the content of alkene in C 5+ hydrocarbons is about 2 25%. C 12 ~C 20 distillate range is superior in hydrocarbon products. The products in water phase contain 3 56%~6 56% of oxygenates which are mainly lower carbon number alcohols.


Curriculum is a core process in higher education institution. The curriculum development is a complex process and needs internal or and external data, information and knowledge as well. This study proposed a Knowledge Management model for curriculum development process. The survey was conducted in Bina Nusantara University and interview the staff who were involved in the process of curriculum development to understand the process. Literature studies were applied to develop a model that fit on integration between knowledge management systems as knowledge sources into Learning Management Systems at Bina Nusantara University as case studies. As results, this Knowledge Management model support several stakeholders like Study program, Subject Content Coordinator, Lecturer, Student, and Alumni & Partners to improving existing curriculum development process.


In this article the authors have investigated clinical neurohormonal correlation's in women of different age groups having cerebrovascular disorders. With this purpose 114 women have been observed. It was found that the role of neuroendocrine regulation in women is very significant and they may be considered as extracerebral factors playing an important role in the genesis of cerebral dyshemia in women with cerebrovascular disorders.


Based on the research on hotel culture,this paper probes into the relations between hotel culture and staff's behavior,analyzes the influence of hotel culture on staff's behavior by giving an example of Jin Jiang Hotel,and then puts forwards a series of measures to create good hotel culture and foster staff's good behavior from the perspective of hotel culture.


The problem solved in the present paper is that of expressing the coupling coefficients of a ladder network with maximally flat amplitude response in terms of the dissipations of the input and output branches. Green has already found one set of values; the present paper gives the generalized theory of Green's method of solution, and shows how to obtain all sets of values. These are given for networks containing up to five branches, together with the values of dissipation for which they are valid.


As small Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) proliferate, encounters between non-participants and UAS become much more frequent. Many of these are due to carelessness or not following rules on the part of the UAS operator. However, even when flying within the rules, encounters-potentially fatal-are possible. To help mitigate the risk of injury by UAS, health monitoring systems are imperative for reducing situations in which loss of control is likely. Current health monitoring tends to use real-time checks for power and navigation issues while a few systems are available for testing changes in vehicle responses to control inputs after flights. To reduce the likelihood of loss of control, we introduce a real-time health monitoring system that analyzes navigation, control, power, sensor, and communications integrity. Through experimental validation, we define metrics which detect degradations in the integrity of each system stated previously. Most failures present symptoms over time which can be detected, preventing the final catastrophic failure from occurring. Information requirements and necessary response times and thresholds are evaluated for each of the monitored subsystems, helping to define the implementation of each integrity check. Integration with a flight controller, particularly on small UAS which do not have the capacity to carry an auxiliary computer, is factored into the architecture, ensuring that health monitoring does not adversely affect flight control. Overall, this architecture provides a template and the considerations necessary for implementing more robust realtime health monitoring systems on the various UAS flight systems in operation.


A unique data set consisting of expendable bathythermograph (XBT) observations from repeated Gulf Stream crossings was used to provide ground-truth for GEOS-3 altimeter measurements of temporal sea height variability. The XBT data were obtained by NAVOCEANO using ocean liners travelling between New York and Bermuda as observation platforms. Approximately 120 crossings, each consisting of 50-60 XBTs, were made between October 1969 and November 1974. Dynamic heights were calculated using XBT profiles and temperature/salinity relationships from historical data. Results were then compared to sea height variability measured from the differences in altimeter profiles between pairs of collinear GEOS-3 passes. The comparison shows that the satellite measurements are in good agreement with the conventional shipboard observations. Additionally, it is shown that dynamic height variability correlates very highly with temperature variability at depths between 100 and 450 meters. This relationship indicates that in the Gulf Stream region, the sea surface topography in conjunction with historical data could be used to infer subsurface thermal structure.


The trim angle of attack of a high-strength ribbon lifting parachute has been increased by a combination of modifications including increased liner area, increased slanted ribbon area, and the addition of flow-directin g side vents. Ram air inflated leading-edge chambers were used to prevent canopy collapse at high angles of attack. Small-scale wind-tunnel models with the most beneficial combination of modifications had trim angles as high as at =46 deg. Full-scale parachutes had trim angles greater than at =40 deg in wind-tunnel and flight tests. Yawroll interaction was identified as a source of aerodynamic roll moment which would probably necessitate active control of roll orientation.


According to the survey of Beijing social security system early in 2008,as well as pertinent literature and data,this paper analyzed its status and problems,and explored the feasibility and concrete means to construct a social security system linking urban and rural areas.On the whole,Beijing has been featured with triangle-system of social security.Its coverage ratio,pay levels,operation mechanism,regulation construction,etc.are at leading position in the whole country.But in the view of urban-rural comparison,there still exist serious disequilibrium and critical hysteresis in rural social security system construction.Standing on the strategic demand of "Expediting the establishment of social security system in covering the whole Country",on the ground of Beijing's actuality and the experiences of developed countries and other provinces,authors held that the opportunity has matured for setting up the social security system linking urban and rural areas in Beijing,and made a thorough discussion on the target model and promoting strategies.


Paradoxical beneficial effects of obesity on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality have been reported in multiple cohort studies based on patients with cardiovascular disease as well as general populations. However, the association between the presence of obesity at baseline and the better survival rates could not be directly interpreted into the beneficial effect of gain in obesity or fatness on the mortality, which makes it difficult to provide any recommendation for the management of obesity. Therefore, we investigated the influence of the changes in body fat on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a general population.

 A population-based cohort study has been conducted for 12 years (from 2001 to 2012). A total of 5,259 subjects in whom body compositions using a bio-impedance method were measured at least 2 times during the observational period were included. The causes of death was identified from the nation-wide database in KOSTAT. I20-I82 and R99 in the International Classification of Disease-10 codes were defined as a cardiovascular death. The subjects were evenly divided into 3 groups by the percentages of the changes in body fat (Δ%BF; decreased [Δ%BF <0.0%] vs. increased [Δ%BF 0.0–13.7%] vs. highly increased [Δ%BF ≥13.7%]). Inverse probability of treatment weighting was applied to balance the covariate differences among the groups.

 The age was 51.2±8.5 years and 51.6% was male. Median observation duration was 163 (the interquartile range: 157–168) months. The all-cause death and cardiovascular death occurred most frequently in the decreased Δ%BF group and least frequent in the highly increased Δ%BF group in both unweighted and weighted cohort. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models showed that the risk of all-cause death was lower in the increased and highly increased Δ%BF groups (hazard ratio [HR] 0.61 [0.47–0.80] and 0.24 [0.17–0.34], respectively) and the risk of cardiovascular death was lower in the highly increased Δ%BF group (HR 0.20 [0.08–0.48]), compared to those in the decreased Δ%BF group after adjustment for all covariates including physical activities and the changes in muscle mass. The risk of all-cause death and cardiovascular death linearly decreased with increasing Δ%BF (HR 0.72 [0.67–0.77] and 0.70 [0.60–0.82], respectively).

 The increase in body fat is associated with a lower risk of all-cause death and cardiovascular death in a middle-age general population, independently with physical activities and the changes in muscle mass.


This paper introduces the concept, the connotation and types of installation agriculture, analyses the current situation and tendency of installation agriculture in china and abroad. Based on the actual practice in China, it points out the existed problems of the development of installation agriculture and puts forward the countermeasure and proposals for developing installation agriculture in china. [


Inflatable antenna technology is being developed by JPL/NASA to enable the capabilities of low mass, high packaging efficiency, and low-cost deployment for future spacecraft high-gain and large aperture antennas. One of the technologies being considered is the inflatable microstrip reflectarray. A conventional inflatable parabolic reflector antenna will offer similar advantages with the added capability of wide electrical bandwidth. However it suffers from the difficulty of maintaining its required large, thin, and curved-parabolic surface in the space environment. Since the microstrip reflectarray has "natural" flat reflecting surface, it is much easier to maintain the required surface tolerance using an inflatable structure. This is the primary reason, despite its narrow bandwidth characteristic, that the inflatable microstrip reflectarray is being studied. This article discusses an already-developed one-meter X-band inflatable microstrip reflectarray and a three-meter Ka-band inflatable microstrip reflectarray which is currently under development. Both antennas' RF structures are designed at JPL and their mechanical inflatable structures are designed and manufactured at ILC Dover, Inc.


Combining representative physical problem , a brief summarization using compensation method to calculate universal gravitation,valtage,inductive electromotive force and pressure was given.For teaching on physical coure of high school,a good result to train students ability of logic thinking in space was obtained by using this method.


Should we analytically constitute or dissolve the category of terrorism? The Basque case is adduced to illustrate the dynamics of constructing and deconstructing a reified notion of terrorism. Two approaches are confronted: the legal‐technical work of a committee of terrorism experts and the ethnographic work of an anthropologist. The experts' position that social science should be subservient to police and intelligence counter‐insurgency is questioned. The intellectual history of cultural anthropology is invoked for advancing a critique of current theories of terrorism; in particular, the resurgence of psychological fallacies and unicausal arguments in explanations of terrorism is reexamined. It is argued that ritual situations are typically not governed by intrinsic or instrumental means‐ends connections and that the search for positive causes may not be the best strategy for studying contexts of behavior, such as terrorism, in which the element of chance plays a key role. Anthropologists have learned a...


We investigate in multidimensional compound Poisson processes (CPP) the relation between the dependence structure of the jump distribution and the dependence structure of the respective components of the CPP itself. For this purpose the asymptotic $\lambda t\to \infty$ is considered, where $\lambda$ denotes the intensity and $t$ the time point of the CPP. For modeling the dependence structures we are using the concept of copulas. We prove that the copula of a CPP converges under quite general assumptions to a specific Gaussian copula, depending on the underlying jump distribution.
Let $F$ be a $d$-dimensional jump distribution $(d\geq 2)$, $\lambda>0$ and let $\Psi(\lambda,F)$ be the distribution of the corresponding CPP with intensity $\lambda$ at the time point $1$. Further, denote the operator which maps a $d$-dimensional distribution on its copula as $\mathcal{T}$. The starting point of our investigation was the validity of the equation \begin{equation} \label{marFreeEq} \mathcal{T}(\Psi(\lambda,F))=\mathcal{T}(\Psi(\lambda,\mathcal{T}F)). \end{equation} Our asymptotic theory implies that this equation is, in general, not true.
A simulation study that confirms our theoretical results is given in the last section.


Disclosed herein are a manganese carbonate useful as a material for spinel-type LiMn 2 O 4 , having a spherical morphology, and a method of preparing the same. The spheric manganese carbonate has a high packing density and shows superior lifetime characteristics, leading to spinel-type LiMn 2 O 4 resistant to structural changes and having superior lifetime characteristics.


The safety of the examiner is more emphasized than the examinee, and saving personal protective equipment (PPE) is a more important goal. We think something is going in a wrong direction. Above all, the priority is neither the safety of the examiner nor the saving of PPE. Examinees must be safe, more than anything else. We are forgetting the basics. Hence, we would like to criticize it by pointing out the problems one by one.


Classicization of literary works is generally realized by being included in the literature of national education or edited into textbooks.For this reason,literary researchers should influence the main-stream culture of collective unconsciousness by taking advantage of the narrative style of literary history so as to turn the state discourse hegemony into the track of the trend of contemporary culture.Hence,we must re-investigate the value of narrative classics of Chinese contemporary literature,comb out problems in them to better the construction of classics of contemporary literature.


The Australian Nickel Conference returns to the Pan Pacific Perth on October 10. In the lead up to the event, Paydirt looks at the whole spectrum of the nickel sector, from the exploration stories gaining momentum, to producers battling falling spot prices and majors divesting assets to market forecasts on the future of the stainless steel additive. For more information on the conference, visit www.australiannickelconference.com


Background; The placenta previa (PP) is an obstetric problem in which the placental tissue is improperly located inside the lower uterine segment. Aim and objectives: was to see how effective uterine artery Doppler velocimetry was in detecting unusually morbidly adhering placentas in patients who had had one or more prior caesarean sections with placenta previa. Subjects and methods; Cross-sectional research of 100 patients was undertaken in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, El- Sayed Galal Hospital, AL- Azhar University. Result; Our results showed highly statistically significant correlation between the presence of abnormal lacunae and histopathological confirmation (P-value > 0.001). In addition, the overall Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 90%, 100%, 100%, 64.2%, 91.6%. This criterion showed very high sensitivity and specificity with very high positive predictive value and accuracy to become the most important criteria, Conclusion; As a result of this, we conclude that the accuracy of abnormal placental lacunae, loss of the reto-placental clear zone, myometrial thinning, and utero-vesical hypervascularity are the most critical ultrasound criteria for diagnosing placenta accreta in patients who had a previous CS with a placenta previa overlying the previous uterine scar.


Shock-induced depolarization of the ferroelectrics could generate a depoling current, which has been utilized widely in the energy conversion devices, such as explosive-driven ferroelectric generators and high pulsed power sources. Among all these ferroelectrics, the lead zirconate/titanate ferroelectric ceramic received most of the attention due to their high energy density and low depolarization pressure, especially Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3 (PZT 95/5). The dynamic permittivity of PZT 95/5 under the shock compression is critical for their applications, which determines the efficiency of the energy conversion. However, to reveal the dynamic permittivity of the ferroelectrics is challenging, the depolarization process during the shock compression is not only short (∼μs) but also coupled with a high electrical field. In this study, the dynamic permittivity of the PZT 95/5 ceramic in shock compression under high electrical fields has been investigated by using a designed oscillation circuit. The experimental results show that the relative permittivity of PZT 95/5 is about 500 at the initial shock compression, and it is only about 220 after shock transit. This decrease would be explained by the PZT 95/5 phase transition under high pressure. In addition, it is found that the permittivity of poled PZT 95/5 is more sensitive to the electrical field than depoled PZT 95/5, and the damping resistances of poled PZT 95/5 could also be influenced by electric fields.Shock-induced depolarization of the ferroelectrics could generate a depoling current, which has been utilized widely in the energy conversion devices, such as explosive-driven ferroelectric generators and high pulsed power sources. Among all these ferroelectrics, the lead zirconate/titanate ferroelectric ceramic received most of the attention due to their high energy density and low depolarization pressure, especially Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3 (PZT 95/5). The dynamic permittivity of PZT 95/5 under the shock compression is critical for their applications, which determines the efficiency of the energy conversion. However, to reveal the dynamic permittivity of the ferroelectrics is challenging, the depolarization process during the shock compression is not only short (∼μs) but also coupled with a high electrical field. In this study, the dynamic permittivity of the PZT 95/5 ceramic in shock compression under high electrical fields has been investigated by using a designed oscillation circuit. The experimental resul...


A SIMPLE, RELIABLE TEST is needed to identify the presence of pancreatic enzymes in duodenal drainage, wound discharges, and stools. Excellent methods are available for the measurement of amylase, lipase, and trypsin in the serum, but these are not readily applied to body discharges. A variety of indirect measurements of pancreatic function are neither simple nor cheap. It is not surprising, therefore, that the gelatin film test, which eminently meets the requirements of simplicity, remains the standard test in many hospitals for the presence of pancreatic enzymes in stools and duodenal drainage. While there have been entertaining arguments in the literature as to the advantages of one brand of film over another for this, there remains solid evidence 1 that the digestion of a gelatin film, whatever the brand, is dependent primarily on the presence of Escherichia coli and its enzymes. Even in the very young, this is a test


Research in international student success, satisfaction, and challenges seems still to be constructed around the colonial, imperial paradigm. Informed by deficit models of language, culture, and literacy teaching, such research portrays international students' challenges in terms of deficiency; discounts other languages, cultures, and literacy education; and reinstitutes the progressive and paternalistic role of the West, reifying its linguistic and cultural superiority. This essay interrupts the still dominant narrative that recreates the old binaries in two ways: (a) It frontloads the need to adopt strength-based approaches to counter dominant methodological paradigms from which much of knowledge about culturally and linguistically different/disadvantaged (CLDI) students is derived, and (b) based on my own ethnographic study on a South Asian immigrant population in Canada, it demonstrates that what the old paradigm views as deficits can and should be the very measures from which to appraise student success and satisfaction. Accordingly, the article's main objectives are twofold: (a) expose the weaknesses of the deficit models of language, culture, and competence and (b) stress the need to reshape international student studies in higher education as a field of inquiry by foregrounding appreciative models and methodologies.


This article surveys major aspects of criminal child abuse and neglect law encountered by judges, prosecutors and defense lawyers, child advocates, and child care professionals. The author, whose casebook, Children and the Law: Doctrine, Policy and Practice (West 4th ed. 2010) (with Sarah H. Ramsey), is required reading in law schools throughout the United States, analyzes both constitutional and statutory law.


【Objective】 In order to reduce injury,health education about preventing injury-related behaviors were carried out in preschool children,parents and teachers.【Methods】 Own control methods were used to compare the unintentional injury rate before and after intervention.In pre-school children,873 children were intervened.Interventional methods included designing safety courses for teachers and health education for children and parents.【Results】 Unintentional injury rate reduced after intervention.Parents not only increased awareness of risk factors after health education,but although changed risk factors in family.The unintentional injury rate after intervention was lower than that of before.【Conclusion】Health education are useful for reducing unintentional injuries among pre-school children.


Abstract Starting in 2003, the labour market in Germany underwent major reforms. They introduced new types of employment, reshaped the benefit system, and remodelled active labour market policies. Over the 10 following years, unemployment fell dramatically and participation hit record levels, while rising non-standard employment and wage inequality became causes for concern. The Bundesagentur für Arbeit has developed into a modern service provider whose programmes are scientifically evaluated. Anticipating future trends on the labour market, the Bundesagentur has recently devised a strategy to cope with them. Overall, the German experience with labour market reforms points to the benefits of evidence-based policies.


In this paper a special version of cooperative distributed space time coding for the relays network is proposed. According to this system model relays cooperatively collaborate with the sources to transmit the space time code to the destination. Process of the transmission consists of two phases. In the first time phase source broadcast the information to the destination and relay. In the next time phase, the source and relay cooperatively send signals to the destination by using an embedded space time coding. Structure of embedded space time code is based on singular value decomposition of circulant matrix. Relays are assumed to be non-regenerative amplify-and-forward. Theoretical analysis for calculating the bit error rate (BER) has been done based on maximum ratio combining (MRC). Simulation results for the case of one relay, one source and destination through the Rayleigh fading channel has been done and compared with the scenario when transmitter and relay used the Alamouti code.


The Idaho Department of Fish and Game maintained a total of about 2,743 acres of wildlife mitigation habitat in 2007, and protected another 921 acres. The total wildlife habitat mitigation debt has been reduced by approximately two percent (598.22 HU) through the Department's mitigation activities in 2007. Implementation of the vegetative monitoring and evaluation program continued across protected lands. For the next funding cycle, the IDFG is considering a package of restoration projects and habitat improvements, conservation easements, and land acquisitions in the project area.


For organizations with responsibility for governing and extracting value from this information, it creates a revolutionary and generational shift on par with the Industrial Revolution. However, in this revolution, data is the steam and the engine is analytics. But in this revolution, information is not just the raw material, it is the asset. In this revolution, the difference between winners and loser will be defined by who is the best steward of that asset.


The paper describes ITW - a multi-platform and multilanguage architecture used to discover (multimedia) resources. The ITW system is based on Web services and software agents, exploiting the relations between Web sites' resources. To represent these relations, a high-level RDF model is adopted, using Interval Temporal Logic.


The "East Asian miracle", involving the phenomenal growth experience of countries such as South Korea and Taiwan, has attracted enormous intellectual attention in recent years. What has been striking in the development experience of countries like South Korea and Taiwan is not only their ability to achieve extremely high rates of economic growth, an average of nine to percent per annum sustained over the course of three decades, but also their capacity to combine these high rates of economic growth with equally striking performances in relation to other major indicators of development. These, in turn, include a relatively egalitarian pattern of income distribution, eradication of absolute poverty on a broad scale, significant employment creation as well as the virtual absence of macroeconomic crises. The Turkish experience also constitutes an interesting case of late industrialization from a comparative perspective. It is clearly a case of moderate success judged by the East Asian standards of economic growth. Furthermore, Turkey has displayed patterns of income inequality and macroeconomic instability that are, in many ways, closer to "Latin American" standards. Yet, from a different perspective, when we exclude the East Asian superperformers from our sample, Turkey's growth performance, an average of five to six percent per annum over time, compares favorably with other late industrializers. Indeed, what makes Turkey particularly interesting and somewhat unique from a comparative perspective is that these reasonably high rates of economic growth and the creation of a substantial industrial base over time have been accomplished within the framework of broadly democratic institutions during the post-war period.


The paper chooses panel data from 200 students of Shenyang Sport University for the sample,establishes econometric models,and applies binary logistic regression model to analyze the factor which affect whether college students participate in medical insurance system or not.The conclusions manifest that education,household distribution,the average household monthly income,whether or not take part in medical insurance,insurance knowledge,and consumption experience is significant.According to this result,some advice is as follows:giving full play to national policy guidance and management supervision functions,and improving college students medical insurance's operation management system;making full use of school information and advocacy functions,and promoting the effective implementation of college students medical insurance;advocating families actively supporting medical insurance consumption and make medical insurance implement smoothly;suggesting student themselves take the initiative to consumption in order to avoid the risk of individuals and families.


Objective To observe the clinical practice of diagnosis and treatment of cerebral aneurysms with MSCTA and DSA.Methods Eighty-five patients with clinically suspected cerebral aneurysms were examined and treated with MSCTA and DSA.Results Among the 96 surgically confirmed cerebral aneurysms in the 85 patients,95 and 96 were diagnosed by MSCTA and DSA,with the exact diagnosis rates of 99% and 100%,respectively.Forty-three patients were treated by GDC and 42 were treated by cranioectomy to ligate the aneurysm.Eighty-four patients were cured.One patient died of brain edema 3 days after the surgery.Conclusion MSCTA could be a noninvasive,safe,quick,simple and highly sensitive method for the diagnosis and treat- ment of cerebral aneurysms.


A generalized Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation is studied by nonlocal symmetry method and consistent Riccati expansion(CRE) method in this paper. Applying the truncated Painleve analysis to the generalized Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation, some B¨acklund transformations(BTs) including auto-BT and non-auto-BT are obtained. The auto-BT leads to a nonlocal symmetry which corresponds to the residual of the truncated Painleve expansion. Then the nonlocal symmetry is localized to the corresponding nonlocal group by introducing two new variables. Further,by applying the Lie point symmetry method to the prolonged system, a new type of finite symmetry transformation is derived. In addition, the generalized Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation is proved consistent Riccati expansion(CRE)solvable. As a result, the soliton-cnoidal wave interaction solutions of the equation are explicitly given, which are difficult to be found by other traditional methods. Moreover, figures are given out to show the properties of the explicit analytic interaction solutions.


Traditional steaming and distillation in the production of alcohol with amylum as raw materials have disadvantages such as higher consumption of energy and inequable gelatinization quality for amylum. And the newly introduced foreign techniques in recent years, the development of domestic enzyme industries and invention of new machines suitable for the techniques will change the situations thoroughly and shorten our disparity from the international advanced technical levels.(Tran.by YUE Yang)


The metal chemical NMR shifts of metal carbonyls are reported and discussed in relation to the bonding nature characteristic of carbonyl compounds of the M(CO)6- and Mn(CO)5X-types, where M is V or Mn, and X is a halogen or SCN. Theoretically evaluated chemical shift data based upon Ramsey's expression agree well with those observed for the M(CO)6-type carbonyls. Regarding Mn(CO)5X, the variation of the shifts for halogens is elucidated theoretically and revealed to be dependent upon the π-bonding nature between the metal and the halogen atom.


A computer model of a glucose-sensitive membrane device that includes an additional flux of oxygen from the insulin reservoir to alleviate the oxygen depletion problem has been developed. The response of the membrane with the additional flux of oxygen shows a larger pH drop and a greater sensitivity to glucose than in the case where there is no flux of oxygen from the insulin reservoir. The sensitivity to glucose is shown to increase to 200 mg% glucose as compared to the no-flux limit of 100 mg% with the pH drop increasing as well.<<ETX>>


ABSTRACT The present research is to develop a homogenous mathematical model to simulate capillary tube-suction line heat exchanger (CT-SL HX) based on the fundamentals of conservations of mass, momentum and energy with comprehensive experimental result validations. The computer model is fully validated by 72 experimental data with error bands of ±15%, ±2°C and ±35% on the mass flow rate prediction, the suction pipe outlet temperature, and the heat exchange estimation respectively. The results suggest that the internal diameter of the capillary tube, and the heat-transfer length of the CT-SL HX have demonstrated an apparent impact on the capillary tube outlet conditions and heat transfer across the segment.


Objective To compare the saccharometabolism with the pancreatic islets functions and insulin resistance index in children with severe stress. Methods Thirty children with severe stress and 30 healthy children in control group were tested. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS) and fasting C - peptide (FCP) were detected by radioimmunoassay respectively and insulin sensitivity index (ISI), insulin resistance index (IR) and fasting blood cell function index (FBCI) were calculated statistically. Results There were significant differences between the children with severe stress and the normal controls in the levels of FINS, FCP and FBG,(all P0.001)respectively. Compared with controls, ISI significantly decreased and the IR significantly increased in the severe children(P0.01). There was no significantly difference in FBCI between the severe children and the control(P0.05). Conclusion There is insulin resistance with the significant decrease in the insulin sensitivity index and significant increase in insulin resistance index in the children with severe stress, which may cause the disorder in glucose metabolism in children with severe stress.


I n 1975, 221,000 men in the United States reported that they were not in the labor force because they were "keeping house" ( U S . Department of Labor, 1989); by 1988, that number had almost doubled to 438,000. In 1987, of 29 million two-income couples, five million reported that the women earned more than their husbands (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1989). In 1991, over two million married-couple families reported that only the wife was in the labor force (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1992). Couples in which the man is the homemaker and the woman is the primary wage earner are challenging the traditional expectations that all men must work for pay outside the home (O'Neil, 1981; Pleck, 1981) and that the wife's income is supplemental to the husband's, an arrangement that maintains for the male the place of financial head-of-the-household. Whereas some men and their female partners make a deliberate choice to enter into a nontraditional gender role arrangement, many men may stay at home because of disability or unemployment. Furthermore, studies of role reversal arrangements have typically used samples of men who were not full-time homemakers. For example, Davis and Chavez (1985) studied Hispanic "househusbands," but only one man in the sample had become a househusband voluntarily; further, the female partners of these men retained responsibility for most household chores (e.g., laundering, cooking, billpaying, and childcare). In Beer's (1983) sample, nearly 70% of the husbands did less than 50% of the housework, and over 70% were employed in professional, technical, or managerial jobs outside the home. Likewise, the


Radiative equilibrium and radiative convective temperature profiles for the earth's evolving atmosphere have been calculated. If the atmosphere evolved from one rich in carbon dioxide, and deficient in oxygen, to its present composition, the temperature structure showed considerable change. The models of 3 to 4 billion years ago display steadily decreasing temperatures with altitude, being 185 K at pressures associated with the present-day upper stratosphere. A lapse rate feature similar to the present-day tropopause is not indicated until about 1 billion years ago; but the stratospheric region is approximately 15 K colder than presently found at comparable pressures. Surface temperatures approximately 10 K warmer than at present existed until nearly 1 billion years ago. When the oxygen content exceeded roughly 0.1 times the present level, surface temperatures began to decrease. If biological processes are important to carbon dioxide - ozone variations, such as has been suggested during the Ice Ages, then estimates of surface temperature should include the effects of both gases.


The objective of this research is to investigate the communication gap at the Aerospace Manufacturing Campany by using semi-structured interview and focus group discussion technique. A standard report is also produced to overcome this communication issues by having each person in each level to review and report their standard operation to their subordinates regularly based on the decided frequency. KEYWORDS: gap analysis, aerospace industry, communication


The Transtheoretical Model of Change identifies key stages in behavior change, including a maintenance stage occurring when a behavior has been upheld for at least 6 months. Health and wellness coaching has demonstrated support for health behavior change, but maintenance of gains has received little attention. Our rapid systematic literature review characterizes both the research exploring sustained gains with health and wellness coaching and what is known about sustained gains after the completion of a health and wellness coaching engagement. Guided by The Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group "Interim Guidance," we drew 231 studies from the 2018 and 2020 Sforzo et al "Compendium of the health and wellness coaching literature," and "Addendum…" appendices. Initial screening and coding for inclusion and exclusion criteria yielded 28 studies for data extraction. We examined studies across outcome categories (physiological, behavioral, psychological, and health risk assessment) to determine whether outcome measures were: not sustained; partially sustained; fully sustained; or improved from immediate post-intervention to a later follow-up period. Twenty-five of the 28 studies reviewed demonstrated partially, or fully, sustained or improved outcomes in one or more variables studied, with sustained gains demonstrated across outcome categories, strengthening confidence in HWC as a facilitator of lasting change.


Recent studies have shown that murine cardiomyocytes possess a functional intrinsic cholinergic system that can synthesize and release acetylcholine (ACh). The way by which ACh release is regulated however, is not fully understood. Classically, ACh released from neuronal sources is regulated by the vesicular ACh transporter (VAChT). We tested the hypothesis that ACh released from neonatal murine cardiomyocytes is regulated via the VAChT by pharmacologically inhibiting or genetically removing this transporter selectively from cardiomyocytes. Pharmacological inhibition of the VAChT using vesamicol (VES) revealed a significant reduction in ACh release from cultured cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes from genetically-modified mice where the VAChT was selectively removed revealed similar reductions in ACh release. Similar to its role within nerve terminals, these data suggest that the VAChT serves an essential role in regulating ACh release from cardiomyocytes. These experiments suggest that non-neuronal ACh released from cardiomyocytes may act to amplify the effects of neuronally released ACh.


Objective To explore the status quo of clinical nursing staff working pressure and the main working pressure sources,so as to take corresponding measures to help nurses ease the work pressure.Methods Using the methods of self-assessmen questionnaire survey to investigate and analysis the nurses'job stressors in our hospital.Results The positive rates of depression and anxiety of clinical nursing staff were significantly higher than the normal population.The main working pressure sources include the heavy workload,regular shift work,all kinds of poor treatment and more non-nursing work.Conclusion Managers should pay attention to the working pressure and take positive measures to reduce the clinical nursing staff working pressure.


In view of system structure,the nodes of HLA un-compatibility have been classified,their characters and the main problems of HLA compatibility transformation have been presented on the federate development mode.After stating the elementary principles,several transformation methods of HLA compatibility,include dividing control block,dividing data block,modifying architecture and adjusting the time advance mechanism have been brought forward.So that the different model nodes can be transformed into HLA federates,and moreover,the reuse and interoperability of model of HLA un-compatibility are improved.


Resistance test results of a series 60 model in shallow water are briefly described. By testing models at different water temperatures in summer and winter in a towing tank, the scale effect of model tests were investigated. Based on the measurements and analysis of wave patterns, as well as the theoretical calculation of the boundary layer, the unusual phenomenon found in the model tests is described.


More than 300 sunny days in Jordan driving us to think more seriously in renewable energy resources and somehow reduce dependence on oil consumption. Basic thermodynamics statement that as a greater temperature difference between substances the faster heat flow, so once the refrigerant gas temperature increased then a heat rejection is higher; same what happened when the ambient temperature increases, less heat can be rejected from the air-cooled condenser to the hotter ambient.


The increasing complexity of digital media design technology has moved the industry away from work by individual designers towards collaborative teams. This change is not always reflected in digital media design education where effective, collaborative and multidisciplinary learning and teaching environments are the exception rather than the norm.

Recent educational models such as schools of design thinking (d.schools) emphasise that radical research and innovation are most successful in multidisciplinary teams. Facilitation of collaborations across disciplines is a challenge for educators in the university environment, hence collaborations tend to occur at the postgraduate level. An earlier introduction to multidisciplinary practice is recommended in order to prepare students for postgraduate design education and work in the design industry.

The POOL Model, a new learning and teaching model for digital media design education,is currently being developed and tested at the School of Creative Arts at James Cook University. It is a multidisciplinary system of interdependent collaboration and expertise exchange across university, industry and community sectors, implemented at undergraduate level in order to prepare students for collaborative multidisciplinary research practice as an integrated part of the curriculum.


Thank you so kindly for inviting me to respond to Maritain's 1967 paper in Nova et Vetera and mailing me pages from his book. ... I would tend to conclude up to this point that: (1) Maritain's interpretation of Thomas is possibly filtered through both a neo-platonic and process philosophical interpretation of Thomas (interpretations which have always had many Thomistic errors and philosophical critics); (2) that delayed hominization is contradictory to both Aristotle and Thomas' mainstream metaphysics and anthropology, and thus that they theoretically contradicted themselves; (3) that Maritain leaves out of his "Thomism" several of Thomas' most key and critical doctrines; and, (4) that the scientific facts about human embryology which we now know would have them both argue for immediate hominization - and that those same scientific facts actually validate a philosophical theory of immediate hominization. Indeed, the scientific facts prove that specifically human embryogenesis takes place from fertilization on - not just from 3 months on - and that only a human being, with all of its "parts" intact, could be responsible for it from the beginning. How Maritain would have responded to my arguments I do not know - but I would have indeed loved to have been around to discuss these issues with him!


By combining 1 MeV high-voltage-high-resolution electron microscopy with convergent-beam electron diffraction (CBED), the crystal structure of a perovskite-related compound, Ca4YFesO~3, is determined. The crystal has orthorhombic symmetry with lattice parameters a = 5.46, b = 37.4 and c = 5.54/k. The space group is determined to be centrosymmetric Pnma by selecting the point group from the CBED patterns. The structure images taken from two principle-axis directions, which are interpreted on the basis of the calculated images, reveal that the structure consists of a succession of the stacking of FeO 6 octahedra (O layer) and FeO 4 tetrahedra (T layer) and is represented by the stacking sequence of . . .OTOOTOTOOTO... along the b axis repeated at intervals of 37.4/k. It is shown that the Ca4YFesOI3 crystal structure can be described in terms of unitcell-level twinning of Ca2Fe20 5.


The present invention is monitoring method and device based on computer PCI bus I/O port. The destination equipment connected to computer PCI bus has I/O port with exclusive address in PCI bus. Themethod includes hanging one monitor to the PCI bus, and the monitor has the same port address as the monitored I/O port, has no data input and output operation and monitors the I/O operation of the monitored I/O port only. After the device detects the indicated condition, the device sends out a signal of failed destination to the PCI equipment causing the operation prior to data transmission of the monitored I/O port, so as to cancel the operation and realize monitoring.


The topic of organizational design and its applications is practically there to make a significant and meaningful difference and to attain continuous improvement for all works needing people in general and works requiring intensive intellectual capital in detail. Owing to the fact that medium and large-scale systems projects and operations make interdisciplinary and even transdisciplinary collaboration not an option but a must, the issue of organizational design becomes much more serious and vital for organizations. In this scope, people and


Objectives This study was carried out for the purpose of knowing the effect from T-cell activation of the C57BL/6 mouse by the extraction from a extract of herba lobeliae chinensis(EHLC.). Methods We examined the influence of EHLC on T cell proliferation by using T cell gained in spleen and thymus gland of C57BW6 mouse. Also we examined cytotoxicity through SBR assay and immunocell through FACScan Results : The results were obtained as follows: 1. In order to know the effect of the cytotoxicity from extraction of EHLC, we had to examine the safe density of that on lung fibroblast cells of the mouse(mLFCs). EHLC did not show cytotoxicity against mLFCs. 2. In the proliferous effect of thymus T cells, water extracts of EHLC played an important role on the proliferating thymus T cells compared with control group at low density. 3. EHLC promoted the CW(B7-1) and Thl cytokines especially IL-2 gene expression, but decreased CTLA-4, IFN- V, CD28 and Th2 cytokines IL-4 gene expression. 4. EHLC up-regulates expression but not by anti-CD3-stimulated T cells. Conclusions : above results indicates that EHLC play an important role in the activati on of autoreactive T cells by promoting Thl cytokine(I1-2) and dec reasing CTLA-4, IFN-Y, CD28 and Th2 cytokines II-4 gene expressi on, by up-regulating cell surface molecule(CD80, CD25, CD44). The refore further deep studies shoud be accomplished about its effects.


Preliminary experiments were carried out during 1935, on the possible application of certain chemical substances to the problem of controlling "potato-sickness." The results were published in two papers by Hurst & Triffitt (1935, i, ii) and it was shown that calcium cyanamide and ferric oxide were deserving of further trials on a larger scale. Field experiments were devised and carried out during 1936 in various parts of the country, and the results will be communicated when these are available. In the meantime the small-scale experiments were continued and are described below.


In Italy, since the 1970s, there has been a significant debate on the studies on linguistic sexism that have contributed to the problematization of the presence of gender stereotypes in children's literature. This article presents a historical reconstruction of the debate developed in Italy in the last forty years. The debate showed the importance of problematizing the patterns of identity and behavior transmitted through reading in educational contexts for children. This context also led to the drafting of the Polite Project , which invites editors to be respectful with gender differences, both text and images.  It presents important research on the problem of the presence of stereotyped messages of gender present in books for children and the changes that have occurred throughout this process.


Employee behavior within the organization is governed by organizational culture, which includes values, beliefs, stories, and symbols. Military organizations preserve the sovereignty of the state. Representing the public image and reputation, organizational culture creates a positive atmosphere for the employees. Undoubtedly, certain military metaphors are applicable in the management context. Hence, the study of military organizational culture is essential. This study intends to conceptualize the concept of military organizational culture. In addition, the study also aims at introducing a working definition of organizational culture in the military context and a tool to measure it. The dimensions identified thorough systematic literature review are values, beliefs, symbols, stories, and heroes, and the study intends to develop an instrument to measure the variable of military organizational culture.


this article author one is "physics presses to the Chinese medicine therapy innovation to infiltrate the technology"to grind with the author in on century 80's creates "the wonderful soldier therapy"unexpectedly has in the method and the goal aspect reaches the same goal or conclusion from different approaches place:Two is physics presses to infiltrate the law to utilize the high new electronic monitoring technology the experience,causes the pen is the consummation "the wonderful soldier therapy"the solution meets the difficult problem,had the model exploration direction.


Actively engaged in international exchangeactivities of students is an important part of educationinternationalization strategy of independent college. According to survey results about international exchange programs students participating in Wenzheng College of Soochow University and their studying abroad intention,the author explains the status quo in independentcollege,and puts forward the correspondingcountermeasures and suggestions.


Apparatus for sensing the money includes means for deriving a signal from the money item, using a reverse representation of a portion of the sensing device, the value representing one or more characteristics of currency items from said signal and means for deriving. (Figure 4)


This thesis presents a mathematical framework for precision attitude control of a spacecraft using the inertial coupling between the spacecraft and solar arrays. The spacecraft with solar arrays is modeled as a one degree of freedom cylinder (rigid body rotation) with flexible appendages (infinite-dimensional system). The equations of motion that describe system evolution are derived using the extend generalizations of the Lagrangian for infinite dimension systems. Precision attitude control is achieved by bending the flexible appendage using strain actuators. Global asymptotic convergence of the controller's is proved using the Lyapunov direct method, which ensures that the control objectives of trajectory tracking and slewing are achieved. The Input-to-State stability of these controllers is used to generalize the control laws in terms of a variable that scales the stiffness term. The closed-loop system is simulated numerically for different values of the variable to verify stability. An experimental setup, that mimics a spacecraft with solar arrays is designed as a cylinder that is secured to a flexible beam using an interference fit. The strain actuation of the beam is achieved using piezoelectric actuators. The rotation of the cylinder and bending in beam are estimated using measurements from a Vicon motion capture system. The closed-loop system is tested in real-time to achieve controlled rotation of the cylinder.


Purpose – India has over half a million diabetics, with many others at risk. The Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) is a simple and validated tool used formass screening of diabetesmellitus type 2 at the community level. This study assessed the vulnerability of developing diabetes in adults of a rural community of West Bengal using the IDRS and finds out the relationship of the risk of developing diabetes with socioclinical variables. Design/methodology/approach – Multi-stage sampling was employed to select one eligible nondiabetic adult from selected families residing in the rural field practice area of a medical college in West Bengal. They were interviewed with a predesigned and pretested data collection schedule and examined. Findings –Among 197 participants, 83.8% were female, 51.8% were illiterate and 57.4% came from Class IV of Prasad's socioeconomic scale. Of participants, 22.8% had existing known morbidities, and 23.9% had some form of substance addiction. In total, 46.8% of the participants on whom the IDRS could be applied (n5 175) were at high risk of developing diabetes (Score5 60). Gender and existing comorbidities significantly predicted a high risk of diabetes. Originality/value – A large proportion of the Indian population yet to be diagnosed with diabetes are at a high risk of having the disease. Early detection of the disease can help curtail its complications and reduce its clinical, social and economic burden. Mass screening tools like the IDRS thus become a very important tool in India's attempts to fight diabetes.


Presents a new routing concept which guides the selection of wire segments in track-by-track fashion by inspecting the effects of the endpoints of each selected wire segment to column density and vertical constraint graph of the given channel routing problem. This new routing concept has been implemented in the two-layer and three-layer routers. The routing performance of the developed two-layer and three-layer routers has overwhelmingly outperformed all the currently existing two-layer and three-layer routers in most examples in the literature as shown in experimental results.<<ETX>>


—Death? It's not interesting. What intrigues Paris at this moment surely is not Death; it is the interior monologue. —Haven't you heard about the talk about Joyce? —J[ean] Giraudoux (1924) The rain stops; the last drop falls on the rue de l'Odéon. Across the slick, shimmering atmosphere purrs a low, faint rumble. Suddenly, a glimmering light flows, slicing the gray glaze: in solemn silence a splendid Rolls arrives. It approaches, weightless, and dims the crystal mirage of its astonishing headlights. Like an endless sigh, it glides, seeping, stealthy, gentle. Quickly, a murmur [rumor] softly unglues the wheels from the damp pavement, and they take off smoothly. Cutting through the street along the stream of houses, the car moves on until it chances upon a banner that, feinting from a façade, obliges it to stop. It is detained before a bookstore whose sign reads, "Shakespeare and Company." On the poster hanging above, perpendicular and stylized, appears the sketched silhouette of Old Will.


This paper describes the modular approach developed in GM that is a unique methodology for building full vehicle finite element models. The approach allows the use of a single vehicle model assembled using component modules to simulate multiple test configurations. Identified and described are the following benefits of new reconfigurable and flexible process in the modular approach: quicker model assembly and setup times; reduced storage requirements; reduced training time for new engineers to become productive; sharing of common component models among vehicle platforms; facilitates updates to specific hardware; and promotes increased reliance on math-based strategy.


Distributed hash tables (DHTs) promise to manage huge sets of key-value pairs in a peer-to-peer manner. The content-addressable network (CAN) is a prominent variant of DHT. A critical challenge when designing a CAN, or indeed any DHT, is ensuring that all data items are accessible despite the presence of malicious and faulty peers. Such peers may hinder other peers in accessing the keys in various ways. In this paper we identify various types of attacks and propose, where possible, some countermeasures. To counter man-in-the-middle attacks we have developed a dynamically-adjustable multi-path routing algorithm. We evaluate the efficacy of our method both analytically and by simulation. For networks with less than 1% malicious peers we were able to reduce the effect of such attacks by 80%.


This paper reviews the energy saving of a palletizing robot that can be achieved through the RobotStudio software. Without deduction through the kinematic model and the dynamic model of the robot, the characteristic profiles such as the cost time profile and the energy consumption profile can be achieved by utilizing the instructions and analyzer of RobotStudio, and accordingly the strategy for reducing the energy consumption can be proposed, which is an easier way to plan the energy-optimal path in engineering.


Anne Nasimiyu-Wasike lays out several challenges for us from the West, including the need to have a greater sensitivity and knowledge of the richness and complexity of the African culture. We must ask ourselves, how do we become involved in the culture where we live? Nasimiyu-Wasike touches on the historical negative influences that are affecting the political and economic life in Africa. We are called to enter the daily sufferings and deaths of the people in Africa if we follow Christ in his "hour of glory" as he faced his own suffering and death. This means that mutuality in mission demands new skills and attitudes so that we touch all aspects of the lives of people, that is, the social, economic, and political dimensions, as well as the religious and cultural.


Power efficiency of the transmitter is selected, one side of the transmitter, for example, is optimized through control of a parameter of the power amplifier inside the transmitter. Control of the one side is based on the generated indication of desired average transmitted power. Based on this indication, a hardware path produces a first adjustment signal, and software path produces a second adjustment value. Here, the second adjustment value is determined in advance so as to correspond to the particular indication of desired average transmitted power through calibration. First control difference between the first adjustment value and second adjustment value based on the signal is used to generate a correction value, the correction value is a signal for controlling a surface of the selected change and the transmitter a first adjustment signal It generates. Power efficiency, the transmitter power amplifier, parameter adjustment


This project is on "Rehashing of domestic Wastewater in The Campus of Raja Balwant Singh Engineering Technical Campus, Bichpuri (AGRA)"aim to treat the domestic waste-water and it is useful for domestic as well as irrigation purpose and most important thing that after a little applying RO system, the treated water may be useful for drinking purpose. An estimated 35 liters per second for 8 hours/day sewage is generated in the campus of college from various sources in the campus such as from college cafeteria, mess kitchens, bathrooms, effluent water from septic-tanks of hostels and water from water booths of college. The domestic wastewater contains very much impure substance as well as biological, physical and chemical which affect the water properties not suitable for and also not useful for environment. So to remove or to treat we have to treat so much tests of domestic wastewater of college campus so that it may be capable for laundry purpose, irrigation purpose as well as for drinking purpose.The DIFFERENT TESTS AS:- pH value, hardness, turbidity, chloride, salt and total dissolved solids and dissolved solids, Biological Oxygen Demand, etc. in the wastewater which are mostly present in water by taking different samples of different places of college campus.


Based on the adaptive backstepping method, a kind of synchronization controller is proposed for multi-scroll chaotic systems with different initial states and unknown parameters. The synchronization controller can realize complete synchronization, anti-synchronization, and a kind of nonlinear generalized synchronization between two chaotic systems, and it is better for application. Simulations show the effectiveness of the controller.


RICHARD SSEWAKIRYANGA analyses the way in which the 'gender and development' discourse is positioned in Ugandan as a European feminist agenda, and the gendered forms of cultural nationalism articulated in response


An epidemiological study of vegetative state patients (abbreviated as VSP) in the Tohoku district was carried out. The prevalence rate of VSP in this area is estimated to be 2 to 3 per 100,000 population. From this figure, a rough estimate of the total VSP polulation in Japan of some 2,000 to 3,000 may be reasonably obtained. The causative illness leading to vegetative state was most frequently cerebrovascular disorder (notably hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction) which accounts for 58% of all VSP. Another 24% are accounted for by head injury. As to the age group, the largest proportion (25%) of entire VSP are in their sixties. These VSP are in quite miserable condition economically as well as psychologically and they are badly in need of financial support from administrative authorities. Emphasis, therefore, must be placed on the necessity of providing for both medical expenses and very high nursing fees being charged by round-the-clock attendants, so that the patients' families can be aided from going into financial ruin.


Modeling of the wind and PV hybrid microgrid is carried out by PSCAD/EMTDC. The model includes direct-drive wind power generator, Single-stage photovoltaic power generation system and storage battery. Simulate and analyze the operating characteristics of the microgrid running in grid-connected and islanding mode, which take into account the actual wind speed and light intensity. The simulation results show that the battery is able to regulate the voltage of the point of common coupling and smooth the power fluctuation of wind generator and PV generation system in the grid-connected mode. The microgrid can isolate itself from the grid in a rapid and seamless fashion when the battery adopting P/V and Q/f control strategy based on the droop characteristics.


Interharmonic is a special kind of harmonic,the power quality was polluted for the widely existing of it.The paper analyzed the characters of wavelet transform and gave its advantages on detecting interharmonics.The multi-solution algorithm was adopted to implement the detection of the interharmonics,and the added-whitenoise of the signal was dealed with by wavelet soft-threshold.The simulation results showed that wavelet transform had well time-frequency characters,it can not only detect all the harmonics and interharmonics components,but also recognise the noise and deal with it.Along with the improvement and perfect of the wavelet theory,its application in the detection of power signal will be wider.


Hydrogen bonding plays an important role in determining the physical and thermodynamic properties of polar fluids. Theoretical and experimental aspects of polymers, in mixed solvents with hydrogen-bonding-specific interactions, are investigated using a simple association model based on the theory of association equilibria developed by Pouchly et al. The thermodynamic non-idealities are accounted for using a modified Flory-Huggins theory with effective g ij parameters. The entropic term of the above formalism has been formulated taking into account the pplymer segment-solvent as well as the solvent-solvent hydrogen-bond formation. Four equilibrium constants are introduced to make a realistic picture between the associated and non-associated species. By application of multiple association equilibria theory, sorption coefficients λ and Y have been deduced for the ternary systems with specific interactions i.e., alcohol(C 1 -C 3 )/heptan-3-one/poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone). Numerical values for the self-association constants of the alcohols, association constants for the alcohols and ketone and for the alcohols and polymer, have been evaluated. These were determined as parameters adjusting best the predicted values of both preferential solvation, λ, and the second virial coefficient, A 2 , to experimental ones.


Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin on patientspostoperative coagulation function and the incidence of deep vein thrombosis(DVT)after bilateral total knee arthroplasty(TKA)under tourniquet.Methods Thirty patients,who were scheduled to receive bilateral TKA under tourniquet,were enrolled and randomly assigned to trial group(group U)and control group(group C).Patients in group U received intravenous ulinastatin 5kU/kg and in group C received the same volume saline 10min before 1st tourniquet inflation,10min following tourniquet deflation,and 10min before 2nd tourniquet deflation.All patients received the same general anesthesia,thrombosis prevention and rehabilitation programs.PT,FIB,APTT,and D-Dimer were measured on 1day preoperatively(T1),at 4h(T2),24h(T3),48h(T4),72h(T5)postoperatively.Results There was no difference in coagulation function between the two groups.Compared with T1,FIB in two groups significantly decreased at T2,T3,increased at T4,T5,APTT in two groups significantly prolonged at T3-T5,D-Dimer in two groups obviously increased at T2-T5(P0.05).The quantity of thrombosis in group U was less than group C(P0.05).The total length of thrombosis in group U was shorter than group C(P0.05).Conclusion The application of ulinastatin in bilateral TKA can decrease the number of thrombosis in calf muscular veins.It can decelerate the formation of thrombosis and promote the recovery of fibrinolysis system.


The purpose of this paper is to correct some results in Pareek [P] and Ko cinac [K] concerning certain generalizations of countably compact spaces and Lindel of spaces and also to present several additional results and pose a number of interesting open questions on this topic.


Business Analysis for Beginnersis a comprehensive hands-on guide to jump-starting your BA career infourweeks. The book empowers you to gain a complete understanding of business analysis fundamental concepts and unlock the value of a business analyst to an organization in identifying problems and opportunities and finding solutions. Learn how to define the business needs and apply the most effective tools and techniques to elicit, analyze and communicate requirements with business stakeholders.Business analysis in a nutshell - gain a comprehensive understanding of business analysis fundamental concepts and understand the value of a business analyst to an organization in identifying problems and opportunities and finding solutions.Scope definition & requirements management techniques - learn how to define the business needs and the most effective tools and techniques to elicit, analyze and communicate requirements with business stakeholders.Your BA toolkit - in addition to our step-by-step guide to all business analysis tasks, this book provides a thorough explanation of the different models & methodologies of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and business process modeling.Our guide to kick-starting your BA career - we have included virtually every type of interview question you might face. After each chapter, you will find an interview cheat sheet to help you ace interview rounds and land your BA role.


Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) is the most concern in wavelength routed all optical networks. This paper proposes a dynamic impairment aware RWA scheme inspired by the idea of binary quadratic programming formulation for the static RWA problem. In this method, links wavelength occupancy information is collected to be used, in order to establish the upcoming calls via adaptive routing technique. Calculated light-paths' quality are estimated before establishing based on the developed model for some linear physical layer impairments. Performance evaluation results confirm that the proposed impairment aware quadratic programming based RWA (IAQP-RWA) is capable of reducing the blocking rate. Besides, average network throughput in addition to average channel utilization is increased as well. Moreover, proposed algorithm is able to balance the load in the network more successfully, compared to existing shortest path RWA (SP-RWA) and minimum hop RWA (MH-RWA) solutions.


This paper presents a predictive data analytics process for examining the relationship between team communication and performance in planning tasks. Team performance is measured in terms of the time each team spends in completing the planning task and the cost of the concomitant work schedule. The predictive data analytics process encompasses three data abstraction techniques for data preparation, three probabilistic models that represent the temporal features of data abstracted from team communication interactions, and a validation process that selects the best pair of data abstraction and model for subsequent insight analysis. Experimental data obtained from 32 teams of three members each, tasked to solve a personnel scheduling problem, is used for validating the proposed methodology.


The SOD-PLGA biodegradable microspheres were prepared by w/o/w solvent evaporation method. The process parameters involved were investigated with respect to the microsphere size, encapsulation, drug loading and burst release percentage. The results showed the concentration and volumn of internal aqueons phase, the volume and the pH value of external aqueous phase played the important role in the properties of microspheres, and were definitely related to SOD loading efficiency. The resulted round microspheres were complete particles with pores in the surface and the entrapment of SOD were ensured by DSC analyses.


Population dynamics of Streptomyces spp. producing melanoid pigments were monitored in field plots planted to the potato cultivars 'Chippewa' (susceptible to common scab) or 'Superior' (resistant), and in fallow control plots. Relative frequencies of streptomycetes most commonly isolated from soil, the rhizosphere, and potato tuber surfaces were determined during two growing seasons. Shannon indices of diversity indicated populations in soils planted to potatoes were more diverse than populations in fallow soil. In 1986, S. diastatochromogenes and S. longisporus accounted for ≥38% of all streptomycetes observed in all three environments. In 1987, S. diastatochromogenes was observed frequently in soil, while S. longisporus was observed rarely in all environments. Relative numbers of three Streptomyces spp. differed in the rhizospheres of 'Chippewa' and 'Superior' (P ≤ 0.05). This is the first report of a differential response of Streptomyces spp. to potato cultivars. Key words: rhizosphere, Solanum tuberos...


We examine the propagation of plasmonic TM (Transverse Modes) modes generated in the designed periodic array of silver (Ag) embedded on silicon (Si) substrate. The properties of surface plasmons are tailored by altering the size of Ag nanorods and its periodicity. Conventional waveguides cannot guide electromagnetic energy below the diffraction limit of light, which can be overcome by texturing the metal or dielectric surface. In this hybrid design we have textured the interface by placing metallic, Ag nanorods on Si substrate placed over bilayer system of glasses. This provides the missing momentum required, since SPP modes always lay beyond the light line and has shown strong confinement of light. Ag nanorods are structured at nano dimensions to control and manipulate surface plasmon polariton (SPP) propagation and thus open new possibilities in light matter interaction.


To the Editor, Extraocular sebaceous carcinoma is a relatively rare malignancy that commonly arises in the head and neck region.1 Although ocular sebaceous carcinoma is thought to arise from the Meibomian glands and glands of Zeis, there is no evidence that extraocular sebaceous carcinoma arises from pre-existing sebaceous glands.2 Only a few cases of sebaceous carcinoma associated with intraepidermal


Pattern of the information of multimedia stream is various. However the network users are not sure of the function, features and using scope of its player. Thus this article shows its common techniques and concerning contents.


A "blind analysis" is conducted to compare the structural response of a full-scale steel structure subjected to ground motions at E-Defense in 2008. E-Defense is the world's largest shake table facility, where numerous structures have been shaken to evaluate their engineering performance. The structure to be evaluated is a 21-story steel building. Since testing a full-scale 21-story building is unfeasible, an equivalent test structure was engineered. The test structure consisted of a four-story, two-span by one-bay steel frame with an equivalent system mounted on top. This equivalent system consisted of concrete slabs, dampers, and rubber isolators, which were designed to mimic the structural response of the upper 17 stories. This structure was subjected to several different ground motions until some of its members finally fractured. The data from the 2008 tests are compared to a SAP2000 computer model that accounted for the steel connections, base isolators, and dampers. The results suggest the computer model was better able to more accurately predict results under complex conditions than under relatively simpler conditions, linear versus nonlinear conditions. This was attributed to the simple fact that actual test data were more affected by external influences under simple conditions than under complex conditions.


This paper introduces the new MA8 Gen3 Aligner generation designed specifically for the development of 3D and MEMS packaging technologies. Photolithography on the wafer backside, wafer bonding and replication of microstructures are specific 3D / MEMS processes. They have in common that all of them require precision alignment and often will have to run on ultra-thin wafers. The MA8 Gen3 allows to run all the processes above on a unified equipment platform and therefore offers the ideal equipment solution for 3D and MEMS technologies. A second focus of this paper is at the applicability of electrostatic carriers as a thin wafer handling solution for the processes mentioned above. Electrostatic carriers are a straight forward and cost effective handling solution. They are not based on temporary adhesive wafer bonding and therefore do not require expensive adhesives or other consumables. The electrostatic carriers and the multi-functional Aligner platform combined result in a very cost effective manufacturing solution for 3D and MEMS packaging. The advantages of this solution will be discussed in more detail for the wafer-level manufacturing and assembly of camera modules and for Plasma Dicing.


In this present work, a highly damped deployable solar panel module was developed for application in the 3 U CubeSat. The solar panel proposed herein is effective in guaranteeing the structural safety of solar cells under a launch environment owing to the superior damping characteristics achieved using multilayered stiffeners with viscoelastic acrylic tapes. A holding and release action of the solar panel was achieved by a new version of spring-loaded pogo pin-based burn wire triggering mechanism. A demonstration model of high-damping solar panel assembly was fabricated and tested to validate the effectiveness of the design. The holding and release mechanism achieved using a pogo pin was functionally tested through solar panel deployment tests under ambient room temperature and a thermal vacuum environment. The design effectiveness and structural safety of the solar panel module were validated through qualification-level launch and in-orbit environment tests.


Summary This paper explores the impact of near surface noise on the ability to perform synthetic well ties to 3D land seismic data over a producing field.We conclude it is essential to understand the content of a seismic stack before embarking on well ties. Even more critical when poor quality data allows for a multitude of plausible tie solutions. If a single reflection boundary dominates ones well tie, one must be very sure its angle dependent characteristics are understood. Far from being an academic exercise, the product of this work included substantially altered time-depth functions utilised in time-depth conversion. It subtly changed the assignation of many critical surfaces in a field that consists of multiple stacked producing units. It altered our understanding of the phase of the seismic data. It also set hard limits on which reservoir properties could plausibly be derived from the seismic data in its current form whilst hinting that if the near surface induced noise could be effectively treated, lithological characterisation from seismic data is technically possible.


In this work, we test some machine learning techniques by observing how an agent explores a grid-world with a cliff. Starting with a random walk, we compare it with an agent behaviors learned with Genetic Algorithm, Reinforcement Learning and Finite State Machine.


AbstractInitiation toughness, propagation toughness, and arrest toughness can be considered as threshold values to predict the dynamic behavior of cracks in initiation, propagation, and arrest. For...


The activating mutation W515L in the thrombopoietin receptor Mpl has been identified in a minority of primitive myelofibrosis and essential thrombocythemia negative for the JAK2 V617F mutation. Mpl and the erythropoietin receptor EpoR belong to a distinct subset of the cytokine receptor superfamily. Mpl and EpoR lack intrinsic kinase activity and rely on the activation of the cytoplasmic janus tyrosine kinases (JAKs) for signal transduction. Recently, it was shown that EpoR dimerizes in a ligand-independent fashion in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it associates with JAK2. Normal receptor signaling occurs at the cell surface after ligand binding, believed to trigger changes in the dimeric receptor conformation allowing for JAK2 trans-phosphorylation and activation. Based on numerous functional and structural similarities between Mpl and EpoR, we examined the possible occurrence of abnormal intracellular signaling concerning the endogenous ligand-independent Mpl W515L that might be involved in myeloproliferative disorder pathogenesis. The murine factor-dependent FDC-P1 cell line was transduced with human HA-tagged Mpl W515L modified with the ER retention KDEL sequence, in order to prevent its cell surface expression, or with the human HA-tagged Mpl W515L , as a positive control. We isolated cells expressing either the normally-processed Mpl mutant or Mpl W515L locked within its natural ER/Golgi maturation pathway. Mpl W515L -KDEL was unable to support autonomous growth of the cytokine-dependent FDC-P1 cells. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis showed that Mpl W515L -KDEL associated with JAK2 in the ER without activating the kinase. Indeed, Mpl W515L -KDEL-expressing cells lacked both constitutive and TPO-dependent phosphorylation of STAT5, ERK1/2 and AKT signaling molecules. Moreover, FDC-P1 cells expressing the ER-retained MplW515L became tumorigenic in nude mice only after in vivo selection of cells leaking the receptor at their surface. Finally, covalent disulfide modification (S402C) of Mpl W515L -KDEL, resulting in homodimerization of the receptor led to autonomous FDC-P1 cell growth. Mpl W515L-S402C -KDEL exhibited enhanced cell surface localization, suggesting that homodimerization overrided the ER/Golgi retention induced by the KDEL motif. Our results indicated that forced dimerization might promote cell surface localization. We propose that Mpl W515L is bound to JAK2 intracellularly in the ER/Golgi in an inactive conformation. In order to induce ligand-independent phosphorylation and activation of JAK2 and consequently downstream signaling, the Mpl W515L mutant receptor strictly needs to reach the cell surface to probably acquire a dimeric conformation.