Newtonian vector mechanics describes the motion of mechanical systems under the action of forces applied to them. The Newtonian approach does not restrict the nature of the acting forces, which are usually divided into potential and dissipative forces. The Lagrange--Hamilton variational mechanics describes the motion of mechanical systems under the influence of only potential forces [l, 2]. Dissipative forces are outside the field of applicability of the variational principles of analytical mechanics [1, 3--8]. It is on account of this restriction that statistical mechanics does not describe irreversible and dissipative processes. This 'is due to the fact that in the framework of Hamiltonian dynamics there does not exist a function of the coordinates, momenta, and time possessing the properties of a Lyapunov function (Poincar6--Misra theorem [9-12]). To describe dissipative and irreversible processes, it is aecessary to introduce into statistical mechanics additional postulates (for example, the principle of correlation weakening and the hypothesis of a hierarchy of relaxation times as proposed by Bogolyubov [13, 14]). Therefore, these processes are considered in the framework of physical kinetics [15, 16]. It is well known that for the construction of a quantum theory the point of departure is the Hamiltonian form of the classical mechanics [17, 18]. Therefore, quantum rnechanics describes only conservative physical systems. Irreversible and dissipative quantum dynamics is outside the framework of qt~nttun mechanics and quantum statistics. The quantum description of dissipative and irreversible processes is the aim of quantum kinetics, which is quantum statistics augmented with additional physical postulates [15]. The study of dissipative systems in quantum theory is of great theoretical interest and is important for practical applications. We note some directions that indicate the importance of the quantum description of dissipative systems. First, measurements made on a system or ensemble cannot be described by means of the linear laws of quantum mechanics. The laws of qua.ram mechanics make it possible to obtain only probabilistic correlations between the results of several successive measurements [19]. In the framework of quantum mechanics, it is not possible to obtain a complete description of measurement [19]. This necessitates truncation of the infinite sequence of measuring instruments and the introduction of two fundamentally different types of changes of the state of a system or an ensemble with the passage of time [20]. In connection with this asymmetry of the theory due to the duality of the description, it has often been argued that it is necessary to generalize the quantum-mechanical equations of motion to irreversible and dissipative processes in which entropy changes [19, 21, 12]. At the same time, it is important that the change of the entropy be objective and not depend on the rather subjective concept of coarse graining [21]. Second, the process of formation and evaporation of a black hole cannot be described by a S matrix, since the evolution takes place with a change of the entropy [22]. As a black hole evolves, a pure quantum state decays into a mixed state [23]. We note that the concept of entropy in the physics of black holes is an objective intrinsic property of the system and is not associated with a coarse-grained description [24, 25]. In addition, the interaction of microscopic systems (elementary particles) with a black hole leads to the need for a nonunitary generalization of von Neumann's equation [26]. Third, in the physics of elementary particles dissipative systems may play a more important role than has hitherto been accorded to them. The reasons for this are the following. Decay of a pure quantum state to a mixed state can occur at the level of elementary particles on account of quantum fluctuations of the metric that are virtual black holes [23]. Departure from an exponential law [27, 28] in quantum mechanics can lead to serious problems concerning the meaning of particle identity [12]. Although it has


Substantially free of fat cheese products slide and method for producing the product containing the fat of less than about 1.37% by weight.


[Objective]To systematically and comprehensively understand the prevalence of poor sight among primary and middle school students in Daxing District of Beijing,explore its occurrence and development rule,provide the scientific basis for prevention and control of poor sight in students in Daxing District. The myopic students in a primary school were given the acupuncture treatment,and the curative effect was evaluated.[Methods]According to the health surveillance data of all primary and middle school students in Daxing District from 2009-2012,the status of poor sight was statistically analyzed. The myopic students in a primary school were treated with electric plum-blossom needles and auricular-plaster therapy. [Results]During 2009-2012,the detection rate of poor sight among students was rising gradually, and there was significant difference in the annual detection rate( χ2= 1 150. 394,P 0. 01). The detection rate in girls was significantly higher than that in boys,and the differences in the annual detection rate between girls and boys were significant( χ2value was respectively 779. 601,738. 319,541. 965 and 437. 279,all P 0. 01). The detection rate of poor sight increased with the increasing of learning stages,and there were significant differences in annual detection rate between different learning stages( χ2value was respectively 6484. 954,7021. 646,7241. 031 and 7439. 412, all P 0. 01). The differences in the annual detection rate among different grades were significant( χ2value was respectively 7 577. 072,8 119. 429,8 726. 548 and 9 098. 240,all P 0. 01). There was significant difference in the curative effect between the acupuncture treatment group and the control group( χ2= 13. 642,P 0. 01).[Conclusion]Most of poor sight cases are the myopia. The incidence rate of myopic has increased year by year,which seriously affect the healthy growth of teenagers. At present, there is no effective treatment method of western medicine,while the curative effect of acupuncture treatment is definite. The acupuncture treatment has obvious effect and easy operation,without the adverse reactions,so it is suggested that school health workers should cooperate with acupuncture doctors,take the acupuncture to treat the myopia,to improve the student's eyesight condition, and reduce the incidence of myopia.


This study measures the job and population accessibility via transit for Beijing using the cumulative opportunity metric. It is shown that transit accessibility varies widely across Beijing, but is highly focused on subway stations. Early lines added far more accessibility than more recently planned lines.


Epidemic dynamics are modelled using a variant of the SIR (susceptible-infectious-recovered) model. We investigate scenarios in which a single (dominant) locus affects animal susceptibility, infectivity and recovery rates. In particular, we find that genetic differences in susceptibility and recovery can be readily inferred using data from a single epidemic, but that infectivity requires information from multiple or replicated epidemics. Inference from partially observed epidemics was conducted within a Bayesian framework using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). The method is tested using simulated data generated by applying the Doob-Gillespie algorithm to a suitable epidemic model. Limits in our ability to carry out inference were explored in the case when complete epidemic data is known, and theoretical expressions are presented for expectations of parameter accuracy. The practical utility of the approach is subsequently demonstrated using data for which infection times are uncertain or completely unknown.


This paper presents themes on the life stories of women of color in physics, astrophysics and astronomy. Drawing from our NSF-sponsored project, Beyond the Double Bind: Women of Color in STEM, we share findings from 10 interviews and 41 extant texts (about 23 women in varied life stages). Employing intersectionality theory and narrative analysis, our study contributes a critical analysis of how the intersection of gender and race affects performance, identity, persistence and overall career and education experiences in the physical sciences. Our findings both support existing literature on women of color in STEM, as well as bring to light two major, emergent issues: the importance of activism, and school/work-life balance. This research will add to the knowledge base about strategies for retaining women of color—widely considered an untapped source of domestic talent that could fill the country's scientific workforce needs.


In various forms of data, we often want to separate certain features in them; for example, in face image data, we want to separate gender, hair, eyes, pose, etc. When we perform discriminative modelling, we are unable to capture or characterize the different features in a meaningful manner. However, generative modelling allows us to capture these features directly by introducing latent variable models, which are a proxy for the actual features. The variational autoencoder is such a generative tool that is extensively used for unsupervised representation learning [1].


Two 4‐substituted aromatic iodosyl compounds were investigated with regard to their solubility, stability and chromatographic behaviour. 1‐Iodosyl‐4‐methoxy‐ and 1‐iodosyl‐4‐nitro‐benzene are soluble in methanol and provide acceptable 1H and 13C NMR spectra; however, gradual oxidation of the solvent was observed. LC‐MS analyses suggest that unlike the parent substance, iodosylbenzene, which has a polymeric structure, both compounds rather exist in the monomeric form. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Telemedicine is a promising but unproven tool for improving the quality of chronic disease care. The aim of this research is to investigate the potential of telemedicine for the care of patients with chronic diseases in Canada. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of telemedicine for management of diabetes. In pooled analysis, mean A1C level in the telemedicine group was significantly lower than those of patients in the usual care group (weighted mean difference (WMD) -0.49, 95% CI -0.64, -0.35, p<0.00001) with evidence of statistical heterogeneity between studies (I 2 = 65%). We also described the results of a survey that was used to demonstrate the willingness of 1849 patients to use telemedicine. The result showed that 65.1% (CI 61.4, 68.6) of Western Canadians with self-reported chronic disease are willing to use telehealth. Finally, a clinical trial proposal was presented for a study using telemedicine for management of diabetic nephropathy.


This paper describes the reconstruction of bridges on the A282 Dartford Tunnel Approach Road in Kent, England, between 1988 and 1991. It outlines the criteria considered for road widening projects, and describes the different construction methods used. This dual carriageway road section is 4.5km long, and contains three interchanges. Four overbridges were replaced, and one had its deck relocated about 45m on new supports. A principal objective was to maintain existing traffic flows as much as possible, while providing access and a safe working environment for the workforce. Construction industry sources were consulted, to help produce a possible construction programme at the design stage; it is essential to formulate the practicality of the programme at that stage. The paper states five fundamental needs in designing bridges for replacement. The five overbridges were replaced by eight bridges, three of which are service/foot bridges. The techniques used were: (1) side by side replacement for two of the original bridges; (2) slide-in replacement for another two bridges; and (3) rotation to reduce skew for the remaining bridge. For the covering abstract see IRRD 873097.


The study was conducted in Chittorgarh district in ten adopted villages of KVK, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan and 10 farmers randomly selected from each village that have availed soil-testing technique. The study reveals that majority of respondents had poor knowledge and maximum knowledge gap was observed in proper technique of sampling for fruit plants and normal crops. The study also shows positive attitude because most of adopters (76 %) did not agree with the statement that "soil testing is wastage" of time and money & It was also observed that majority of farmers agreed (72 %) with the statement "soil testing is necessary for better crop production". The efforts should be made by KVK and department of agriculture to encourage the farmers in adoption of soil testing practices by organising soil testing training programmes and campaigns especially on soil testing process.


read introduction to digital signal processing. Uses audio applications to illustrate basic concepts. Covers phasors, tuning forks, the wave equation, sampling and quantizing, filters, and transformation methods. comprehensive reference of methods in VLSI systems design. Covers semicustom and programmable ASICs and includes information on both Verilog and VHDL simulation techniques. Advice on how to use technology and people effectively to compete in global markets. Details seven traits of a smart company; methods for evaluating current people, tools, and processes; and a number of smart tools. Gives detailed introduction to pattern recognition, including chapters on decision-theoretic algorithms and structural pattern recognition. Covers artificial neural network structures and training. Discusses applications such as texture, speech, and character recognition; image compression; and a video tracking camera.work security consultant explains the use of cryptography today and the various technologies for providing security. Includes chapters on managing secret keys, security at the IP layer, firewalls, WWW transaction security, and secured electronic mail, among others. 341 pp.; includes CD; $55. Chief technology officer for Digitome explains the basics of SGML elements, attributes, and models; SGML parsers; and how using SGML shapes the definition of a " document. " CD includes parser , Perl, sample code, and file converters. Explains application of fractal-imaging techniques to digital image compression. Discusses mathematical underpinnings, effects on image quality, future image formats, and applications, such as a digital camera. by experienced developers explains the use of rapid prototyping techniques and tools to design user interfaces. Projects discussed include a multimedia kiosk, power company service system, banking kiosk, and credit card workstation.


As Caff and Zeigler (1990) stated in their critique of my 1982 study of white flight and white return in Norfolk, my analysis and predictions assumed that mandatory busing would end in all grades by fall 1982. Although the Norfolk School Board voted to end busing in 1983, it did so only for elementary grades K-5 and, because of court actions and appeals, that policy was not implemented until fall 1986. But Carr and Zeigler reach their conclusions that "in practically every respect, Armor's predictions . . . were in error" only by omitting key portions of my forecasts and by several miscalculations and misinterpretations of school-enrollment data.' I welcome this opportunity to show that, given proper adjustments and interpretations for the differences between my assumptions and what actually happened, the forecasts were well within the bounds of reasonable expectations. Specifically, I will show that (1) after the School Board voted to end busing at the K-5 level, white enrollment stabilized at that level and (2) after the elementary plan was implemented in fall 1986, white enrollment increased significantly at the K-5 level but continued to fall at the 6-12 level. These outcomes are fully consistent with my 1982 report, which concluded: "Obviously, different assumptions can change these estimates [of white return]. But we are confident that continued busing will lead to continued white losses, while a return to neighborhood schools offers a realistic opportunity for stabilizing and increasing white enrollment" (Armor 1982, p. 41). Moreover, my report and forecasts did not mislead a federal district court, as Caff and Zeigler implied. To the contrary, the enrollment trends from 1982 to 1989 fully vindicate the court's conclusion that


The wireless networks beyond the fifth generation (5G) are envisioned to be the platform that will support a vast amount of diversified data-driven applications with stringent requirements in terms of computational accuracy, delay, and energy efficiency. The fulfillment of this objective can be achieved by the convergence of communication and computing networks, enabling the exploitation of edge computing resources and the joint orchestration of the corresponding resources. Mobile edge computing (MEC), which refers to the use of edge serves for offloading tasks from mobile devices, is a particularly promising approach to provide the required computational performance for emerging internet-of-things applications, such as the smart grids, smart industry, healthcare, and smart farming. In this work, we propose the use of an advanced multiple access technique and its joint design with adaptive task offloading, in order to reduce delay and energy consumption. More specifically, the use of generalized hybrid orthogonal/non-orthogonal multiple access (OMA/NOMA) for MEC is introduced, which is theoretically superior to other alternatives from the existing literature. In more detail, the proposed scheme is based on the joint utilization of dynamic user scheduling among OMA/NOMA phases and variable decoding order during the successive interference cancellation in NOMA phase. Also, the system's orchestration is optimized for both full and partial task offloading. Specifically, in full offloading scenario, the user scheduling, time allocation, and power control are jointly optimized. Regarding partial offloading, the computational resources, i.e., the clock speed of the local processors and the number of offloaded bits, are jointly optimized with the communication resources, taking into account the constraint of the energy that is consumed for both local processing and task offloading, which is particularly challenging due to the non-convex nature of the corresponding optimization problem. All optimization problems are efficiently solved by either using closed-form solutions that provide useful insights or low-complexity algorithms. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques and provide useful insights on the system's performance, in terms of average delay and energy consumption.


The invention relates to a method for producing a protective reinforcement (30) of the leading edge (16) of a vane (12), in which the reinforcement (30) is produced by depositing a metallic coating by thermal spraying under compression on the leading edge (16). The invention also relates to a vane (12), in particular of a blade of a turbomachine, helicopter or propeller, the leading edge (16) of which is protected by such a reinforcement.


Repeated exposure of an asthmatic child to secondhand smoke that exacerbates her condition is a recognized example of medical neglect.


This paper studies the complicated interplay of the completion time (as a measure of throughput) and the decoding delay performance in instantly decodable network coded (IDNC) systems over wireless broadcast erasure channels with memory, and proposes two new algorithms that improve the balance between the completion time and decoding delay of broadcasting a block of packets. We first formulate the IDNC packet selection problem that provides joint control of the completion time and decoding delay as a statistical shortest path (SSP) problem. However, since finding the optimal packet selection policy using the SSP technique is computationally complex, we employ its geometric structure to find some guidelines and use them to propose two heuristic packet selection algorithms that can efficiently improve the balance between the completion time and decoding delay for broadcast erasure channels with a wide range of memory conditions. It is shown that each one of the two proposed algorithms is superior for a specific range of memory conditions. Furthermore, we show that the proposed algorithms achieve an improved fairness in terms of the decoding delay across all receivers.


Objective:To investigate the efficacy and adverse effects of ShenYanLing Granule in treating refractory nephrotic syndrome (RNS).Methods:65 patients with RNS received 4~6 months of oral shen yan Ling Granule.Clinical symptoms and signs,blood and urinary biochemical analysis,and the adverse effects of tripterygium wilfordii hook were investigated.Patieuts were followed up for 6~48 months.Results:The total remission rate of shenyan Ling Granule in treating RNS was 78.4% during the first course(2 months).ShenYanLing Granule protected renal function.The recurrent rate was only 15.4% during the follow up.The usual adverse effect decreased significantly.Conclusion:ShenYanLing Granule has a comprehensive effect and fewer adverse effect than tripterygium wilfordii hook in treatment of RNS.


of adult children's duty towards aging parents. Women's ideas become more traditional in this regard as they age, but both period and cohort effects nevertheless indicate declining support for close intergenerational relations. In contrast, attitudes toward traditional gender relations do not show a unilinear pattern of change. While the life-cycle effect is similar to that for intergenerational relations, gender-role attitudes became less traditional between 1993 and 2003 and reversed course after that. As Fukuda states, ''gender-relation attitudes do not show a consistent shift among birth cohorts and survey periods'' (p. 149). This finding mirrors Japanese media reports of opinion polls showing a slight return to more conservative gender-role attitudes in the past decade. Fukuda also examines the effect of marriage and childbearing on changes in gender-role attitudes and family-related attitudes. These analyses do not always yield clear results, and men's attitudes in particular seem to vary over time in ways that are not very clear. Here, the often-found clustering of Japanese respondents into a middle ''uncertain'' or ''neutral'' category may be one source of difficult-to-interpret results. The clearest and most important finding of Fukuda's analysis of how family events impact attitudes is that women tend to become more gender-role conservative after the birth of their first child. Several important questions remain unanswered in the book. To be clear, these are questions that Fukuda not only does not answer but also does not raise. I mention them here because of their great importance for understanding change in Japanese marriage and fertility behavior and, by implication, for interpreting Japan's ''low-fertility'' trap. First, the book provides few clues as to why the proportion of never-married men and women has increased so dramatically in Japan over the past few decades. Given that so little childbearing in Japan occurs outside of marriage, this is a crucial issue to address in studying Japan's very low birth rate. Second, the book includes virtually no discussion of the institutional context that inhibits work-family balance, working hours and organizational expectations for men and women in full-time jobs, or the dramatic labor market changes that have pushed more workers into non-standard, insecure jobs in Japan since the early 1990s. In focusing exclusively on articulating economic and value-based theories within a rational action framework and juxtaposing them as competing explanations, Fukuda neglects to consider how the institutional context (labor market structure, work norms, and family policies) as well as dramatic economic change provide the context for individuals' decisions. As a result, the book does not offer insight into these macro-level features of the Japanese context to readers unfamiliar with them. This is a missed opportunity, one that results from Fukuda's inclination to stick so closely to micro-level data sets and shy away from broader contextualization. In sum, the main contribution of Fukuda's book is the detail it offers on how Japanese marriage and fertility behavior varies by individuals' values and by the demographic correlates we conventionally care about the most: age, education, income, and occupation. Most of all, the book conveys that the path of family change in Japan is complex and that any path toward increasing the fertility rate is not likely to be straightforward.


We present a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) implementation of a Belief Propagation (BP) based decoder for polar codes. The BP decoding algorithm is implemented to utilize the parallel computing capability of the GPUs. We show how the algorithm can make use of parallelism both at the thread level and block level, and by utilizing the limited shared memory available on GPUs, a real time decoding performance is achieved. The resulting algorithm is able to achieve a decoding throughput of almost 5Mbps while maintaining a frame error rate below 10-3 on code blocks of 1024 bits.


This paper present a new laparoscopic surgical setup (minimally invasive surgery, MIS) with spherical serial surgical robot. The robot was developed at the PPRIME Institute in the ROBIOSS team from Poitiers University. Based on laparoscopic surgery, specification for workspace and constraints are outlined and the architecture selected for the surgical robots is presented and discussed. Analytical models of the inverse and forward kinematics are provided together with a detailed analysis of mobility and constraints. The proposed approach is based on motion capture of an expert gestures during which an anastomosis technique has to be performed. The evaluation of the workspace is based on the use of the Vicon Nexus motion capture system. The medical gestures were analyzed in term of position and velocities; the result has been used in the definition of the kinematics specifications of the proposed manipulator. The effective workspace size is determined through an experimental study on a simulator. The spherical serial robot (3R-T) has been selected because of its characteristics meeting the constraint requirements. The robot and its environment are described.


Humic substances play an important role in regulating the chemical, biological and physical characteristics in the aquatic systems. Humic substances can bind not only clay particles, but also many environmental and biological important heavy metals and organic pollutants(e.g. PCBs,PAHs,hebicides,pesticides) ,thus modifying their transportation, bioavailability and toxicity. The reviews on the effects of humic substances' properties(molecular weight, chemical structure) and water chemistry conditions(e.g. pH ,ion strength , water hardness) on the affinities of humic substances for binding organic pollutants were made. The influences of these factors on organic pollutants' toxicity and bioavailability are also summarized.


Objective To investigate the clinical features,results of assisted examination and treatment of primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease(PPNAD) for enhancing the insights of this disease.Methods Two patients in our hospital were reported.Combined with the clinical data of 23 cases of PPNAD which had been reported in China,the sex ratio of patients,age of onset,clinical features,laboratory examination,imaging characteristics and treatment were retrospectively analyzed.Results In total 25 cases,9 male and 16 female,the diagnose age was 11-53 years old,and only one was above 40 years old.All cases had typical Cushing appea-rance,of which,12 cases were accompanied with Carney syndrome.12 cases with adrenal cortical nodule thickening,and 13 cases showed no abnormality.Adrenal pathologic analysis revealed numerous cortical nodules containing lipofuscin pigmentation.Conclusion PPNAD is a rare subtype of ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome(CS),and its diagnosis depends on symptom,endocrinal and pathology.Bilateral adrenalectomy is the best treatment.


As the infrared detection and homing technology maturate daily,the study on infrared characterization of ship becomes more and more important.Based on the simplified heat transfer model,the surface temperature changes and distribution of radiant intensity of ship were simulated.The results showed that the temperature of main parts of ship was different in a day,and it was also different among these parts at the same time.The radiant intensity was different around the ship at different time,and it was also different at the same time with different azimuth angle,and it increased with the increase in elevation angle.


We examine the problem of large scale nearest neighbor search in high dimensional spaces and propose a new approach based on the close relationship between nearest neighbor search and that of signal representation and quantization. Our contribution is a very simple and efficient quantization technique using transform coding and product quantization. We demonstrate its effectiveness in several settings, including large-scale retrieval, nearest neighbor classification, feature matching, and similarity search based on the bag-of-words representation. Through experiments on standard data sets we show it is competitive with state-of-the-art methods, with greater speed, simplicity, and generality. The resulting compact representation can be the basis for more elaborate hierarchical search structures for sub-linear approximate search. However, we demonstrate that optimized linear search using the quantized representation is extremely fast and trivially parallelizable on modern computer architectures, with further acceleration possible by way of GPU implementation.


This recent study of the much-discussed Sinai inscriptions deserves close attention. It is at once the most ingenious and the most plausible of the attempts at decipherment and interpretation thus far made. On the basis of a tentative reading of the few Sinai scrawls, the conclusion is reached that we may see here not merely the first attempt at alphabetic writing of West Semitic languages, but also a series of twenty-one characters (teth is missing) which throughout are the direct ancestors of both the "Phoenician" and the South Arabian alphabetic signs, and also of the recently discovered and deciphered Ras Shamra alphabet in cuneiform. The identification of the signs agrees in general with conclusions reached by one or more of the previous decipherers, though it should be said here at the outset that in regard to a large proportion of the characters there is, and will be, difference of opinion. The historical origin of the inscriptions and of the people who produced them is discussed at some length. The date assigned here, as also in some previous treatments, is the nineteenth century B.C.; a date which from our previous knowledge of North Semitic alphabetic writing would seem very plausible. In addition to drawings and a few halftone reproductions of photographs of the monuments, there is provided a table of alphabets and two outline maps showing the supposed spread of the alphabet from the Sinaitic peninsula to other lands. Sprengling had at his command all the important material now available, especially the thorough and generally admirable work of Butin (Harvard Theol. Rev., XXI, 1-67), the careful drawings and discussion by Leibovitch (ZDMG, IX, 1-14, with 17 plates), and the recent publication by Grimme, Die altsinaitischen Buchstabeninschriften, (Berlin 1929); these three providing not only photographs but also drawings based on actual study of the stones themselves. He also made considerable use of the decipherment and interpretation attempted by Cowley, published in the Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, XV, 200-218. It is not likely that his work would have gained anything of importance either from a visit to Cairo (where the most of the stones are housed) or from the enlarged photographs which were furnished to Cowley. Sprengling's discussion of the work of his predecessors (pp. 1-24) is interesting reading, both as able criticism and also as showing, more clearly than has hitherto appeared, the distressing uncertainty of the decipherment be-


This paper investigates the strategy changes of the Benetton Group who have been facing severe intense competition in the international fashion market since the mid nine-ties. New competitors, in particular the European brands Zara, Mango and H&M, have challenged the Benetton position in the Italian and European clothing market, pushing the Group from Ponzano towards adopting politics of cost reduction through globalisation of its suppliers. Benetton has always been considered a vertically integrated producer which controls (in different ways) the whole value chain from textile raw materials to consumer sales. Until 2000, Benetton produced its goods in its own factories and through a vast network of national sub-contractors mainly specialising in the sewing phase. Today, Benetton has drastically changed its strategy, almost completely abandoning Italy with a chain of value organised around a dual supply chain: fast productions are delegated to closer locations (Eastern Europe and Northern Africa) while locations further afield are commissioned for more standardised products and accessories (Asia). This article also discusses the impact these choices of productive de-localisation abroad have made on the Treviso apparel district, where Benetton's traditional subcontractors have been drastically curtailed. Benetton restructuring marks the transition to a new net-work of competences between agents.


The invention relates to a safety technology for remotely monitoring a tower crane, in particular to a system for monitoring the safety of a tower crane. In the system, the output ends of an inclination angle sensor, an angle sensor, a height sensor, an amplitude sensor, a wind speed sensor and a weight sensor are electrically connected with the input end of a signal conditioning module respectively; the output end of the signal conditioning module is electrically connected with the input end of a micro processor; a storage module, a key input module, a voice alarm module and a control output module are electrically connected with the micro processor module; the micro processor module is further electrically connected with an RS232 module; and a global positioning system (GPS) module, a liquid crystal display, a general packet radio service (GPRS) module and a ZIGBEE module are electrically connected with the RS232 module respectively. In order to guarantee the signal processing instantaneity, the micro processor module adopts two micro processors for coordination and distribution of responsibilities; and the two micro processors exchange data with each other by using a system management bus (SMBus), so the high-instantaneity and all-round monitoring of the safety of the tower crane during running can be realized, and safety accidents can be avoided.


Susceptibility to two storage insect pests [( Cryptolestes pusillus (Sch . onherr) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.)] of eight commercial oat cultivars from the United States was determined in laboratory studies. Duration of insect development was shorter and number of progeny produced was greater on cracked than on whole oats. Simulations based on data from the study showed that insect populations would reach the threshold level for treatment in 2–3 months of storage at 30 1 C on cracked oats. Insect population development was slowest on the hulless cultivar Paul when the oat kernels were cracked. Simulations also indicated that all cultivars of whole oats tested could be stored for at least 1 yr at 30 1 C without reaching the threshold for treatment when infested with these two species of insects, and insect populations would decrease over time on the cultivars Don, Jerry, Milton, NewDak, Otana, and Valley. Analyses of oat grain quality characteristics, including kernel weight, groat hardness, and groat composition, provided little insight into the mechanism of observed differences in insect development among cultivars. Hardness of the kernels (as indicated by % broken groats after dehulling) may be related to near immunity to these two species of insects in whole Otana. Steaming whole oats to inactivate hydrolytic enzymes in the trichomes of the pericarp did not increase susceptibility to these two species of insects, suggesting that enzymes in the trichomes were not responsible for insect population cleaning oats before storage to reduce insect population growth should be investigated. r Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


The higher educational landscape has been changing due to pressure from both external and internal forces. This pressure stems from institutions operating in an environment characterized by novelty, complexity, uncertainty, and unprecedented advances in technology. Conditions and conventions within this environment are changing at a pace faster than they did in the past. This trend is expected to continue as the twenty-first century continues to unfold. Unfortunately, the existing management structure and culture of higher education make change very difficult. This emanates from the long-held belief that colleges and universities are the preservers, transmitters, and generators of knowledge, and that quality is already practiced within their halls. At any rate, colleges and universities must be sensitive to these environmental changes and be cognizant of their implications to higher education. Existing administrative systems are becoming outmoded and thereby need to be revamped in order to ensure success in a hypercompetitive marketplace. To navigate the turbulent academic waters of the twenty-first century, institutions of higher learning will need to redefine educational quality by considering viewpoints from their various stakeholders. While there may be no single definition of quality that meets the expectations of all stakeholders, an attempt can be made to define the criteria that each stakeholder group uses when judging quality and then to take these competing views into account when assessing educational quality. Moreover, a framework, like the education criteria for performance excellence discussed in this paper, is needed in order to help the college or university to understand and assess how well it is accomplishing what is important to the institution, how well administration addresses its needs, how well deployed its processes are, how good the results are, and whether the organization is learning and improving.


English Language Learners at School: A Guide for Administrators is a unique book because it was actually developed with the help of school leaders from around the country. Editors Else Hamayan and Rebecca Freeman began creating this guide by asking school leaders to submit questions about educating ELL students. The result is a text that discusses some of their most pressing concerns in this area. Another plus is that some of the most well-known experts in the field—including Jim Cummins and Jana Echevarria—provided the answers to the questions.


The propagation of unstable wavepackets (or modes) in a one‐dimensional fluid is studied in the presence of space–time dependent fluctuations. It is shown that the fluctuations have two effects: They diffuse the modes in k space and they produce, through a short scale average, a renormalization of their growth rate. In a WKB approximation the evolution of the unstable spectrum is governed by equations which generalize the usual diffusion equation.


By RUTH F. HOVDE, MS., AND R. DOROTHY SUNDBERG, PH.D. SINCE infectious mononucleosis is almost invariably accompanied by a characteristic lymphocytic reaction as well as by a positive heterophile antibody test, the differential diagnosis generally offers no great difficulty. Consequently, it is almost never imperative that the bone marrow be examined for diagnostic purposes. It is probably for this reason that studies of the bone marrow in this disease have been neglected, although the few reported indicate that the abnormalities present have either been overlooked or incompletely defined. Because it has seemed unlikely to presume that the bone marrow would not be altered in a disease in which there is often evidence of widespread involvement of the reticulo-endothelial system, the original purpose of this work was to study the bone marrow as completely as possible in an effort to detect and describe any abnormalities. The finding of a granulomatous lesion in the bone marrow in the first case of the series thus studied proved stimulating, although it was regarded initially with cautious reserve. Subsequently, however, granulomatous lesions were found in a large percentage of the cases studied. The data in this report indicate that the bone marrow is frequently involved in infectious mononucleosis, and that the type of involvement, unlike that seen in leukemia, is often granulomatous in nature.


The State's responsibility in what has to do with the medical failures in the provision of health services in Colombia, today responds to a number of variables represented not only in number of cases but also in a detrimental patrimonial for the nation. At the same time Medical liability is a subject that presents multiple controversies and abundant judicial conflicts, because it implies the responsibility that emanates from the own procedures that cover its practice. Throughout the present article of reflexive cut we look for from the description of the legal situation of the State's medical responsibility in the face of the dynamic burden of proof, all those grounds for legally proving the antecedents of guilt and the imputability of the
State in terms of damage, failure and causal nexus. By virtue of the above, an identification of the most representative jurisprudence is carried out in relation to the variability of the service failure and the test against the cases tested.


Objective: To report surgical and interventional treatment of congenital coronary artery fistula (CAF) in 94 patients. Methods: Ninety four patients with CAF were treated from March 1964 to December 2000. There were 54 males and 40 females,their age ranged from 9 months to 63 years and body weight ranged from 8 5 to 79 0 kg. 5 cases were treated with transcatheter coil embolization, and 89 patients underwent surgical treatment including 6 operations without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The fistula originated from right or left coronary artery in 68 83% and originated from its branches in 31 17%. Results: There was one operative death with a mortality rate of 1 06%. Two patients had residual shunt postoperatively and one of them received reoperation. 72 patients were followed up for a mean period of (5 8±4 9) years (3 months~23 years). There were no clinical symptoms in all patients. Conclusion: The surgical and transcatheter coil embolization treatment of CAF is safe and efficient.


A method for displaying state information in a portable terminal is provided to easily display information, desired by a user, on a display unit even when the portable terminal executes various functions. A method for displaying state information in a portable terminal comprises the following several steps. The portable terminal checks whether a state information outputting request signal is sensed while the portable terminal is executing an application(305,310). In case that the state information outputting request signal is sensed, the portable terminal checks a previously set information outputting type(315). The portable terminal outputs the requested state information according to the state information outputting type(320,325). The state information is information on current date, time, signal receiving sensitivity and remaining amount of a battery.


Every country and town has its own heritage. In Wellington our heritage is not only our history but also our loyal and active community, namely The Friends of Wellington Museum.


Although forgotten, the books by Keyserling had great success in the 1920's and 1930's, they were best-sellers and read among intellectuals. In Brazil, to where the count traveled at 1929, Keyserling appears in texts by Oswald and Mario de Andrade, comments by Alceu Amoroso Lima and Lindolfo Collor, beside others. The theme of this work was the occidental decadence related to the multiple temporalities existing in the world. The slow orient, the European progress and the American primitivism composed an international harmony. This paper will focus the thinking of the count and its readers, focusing on the subject of the misunderstandings related to a world peace project based on an interpretation founded on exoticism, overall that ones which are related to a supposed south American identity.


The assumption of basic conflict between environmental objectives and economic development has won a wide popular and political acceptance in the US. Today, however, after more than a decade of disappointing economic performance and anxiety about international competitiveness, many believe that economic growth must have a higher priority at the expense of environmental objectives. The author challenges this zero sum mentality, and demonstrates that we need basic changes in legal and institutional arrangements in order to erase the perception of this conflict. In particular, a greater use of economic-based incentives will help realize the long-run compatibility between environmental quality and economic growth.


The relevance of CB2‐mediated therapeutics is well established in the treatment of pain, neurodegenerative and gastrointestinal tract disorders. Recent works such as the crystallization of class‐A G‐protein‐coupled receptors in a range of active states and the identification of specific anchoring sites for CB2 agonists challenged us to design a reliable agonist‐bound homology model of CB2 receptor. Docking‐scoring enrichment tests of a high‐throughput virtual screening of 140 compounds led to 13 hits within the micromolar affinity range. Most of these hits behaved as CB2 agonists, among which two novel full agonists emerged. Although the main challenge was a high‐throughput docking run targeting an agonist‐bound state of a CB2 model, a prior 2D ligand‐based Bayesian network was computed to enrich the input commercial library for 3D screening. The exclusive discovery of agonists illustrates the reliability of this agonist‐bound state model for the identification of polar and aromatic amino acids as new agonist‐modulated CB2 features to be integrated in the wide activation pathway of G‐protein‐coupled receptors.


As an important component of the movement speed adjustment components of the executive elements in a hydraulic system, the speed-control valve should have good dynamic response ability and dynamic and static flow stability. In the working state, due to the fluctuation of oil supply pressure, load variation, valve spool movement, force variation, etc., the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the speed-regulation valve is prone to a step response. Due to the nonlinear relationship between the flow and pressure, the phenomenon of instantaneous fluctuations in the controlled flow occurs, which in turn leads to the unstable phenomenon of the speed of the execution element. Based on the working principle of the internal core components of a speed-control valve with a pressure compensation function, this study establishes a dynamic mathematical model of the valve, which is analyzed using AMEsim software. Aiming at the key problem of sudden changes in the differential pressure steps, the characteristics of a speed-regulation valve are analyzed in relation to the differential pressure increment, spring stiffness, spring preload, and initial opening of the pressure compensator and its viscous damping coefficient. The influence of the above five variables on the flow fluctuation is studied and a reasonable parameter adjustment range is given. The simulation and analysis results provide strong theoretical support for the performance and parameter optimization configuration of the speed-regulation valve.


As a photoelectric sensor, the CCD camera which is composed of solid state elements, is small in size and light in weight. It not only has advantages of a low operating voltage, good reliability and long service life, but also facilitates picture dot addressing. Therefore the CCD camera has been used more and more widely in the sphere metering instrument test, production process monitoring and quality control in industry. This detecting system is made up of a CCD camera and a monolithic microcomputer. The following is the operating principle of the detecting system in detection of the match of light axis and electric axis and the transient performance of antenna tracking system of radar.


The invention discloses a preparing method of aluminate luminous material, which comprises the following steps: adapting metal aluminum and its active alkaline earth metal as raw material to prepare alloy; hydrolyzing active aluminum powder and pure water together to produce the predecessor body material of aluminate luminous material; allocating the rare-earth oxide into HNO3 solution at certern rate; proceeding in the lining alumina ball tank at the dielectric of absolute ethyl alcohol to do wet method mixing; drying at relative atmosphere; sintering to produce the luminous material. The method increases the touching area of reactors to reduce the diffusing path of reactor-phase, which improves the fluorescent property.


Water, food and energy securities are emerging as increasingly important and vital issues for India and the world. Most of the river basins in India and elsewhere are closing or closed and experiencing moderate to severe water shortages, brought on by the simultaneous effects of agricultural growth, industrialization and urbanization. Current and future fresh water demand could be met by enhancing water use efficiency and demand management. Thus, wastewater/low quality water is emerging as potential source for demand management after essential treatment. An estimated 38354 million litres per day (MLD) sewage is generated in major cities of India, but the sewage treatment capacity is only of 11786 MLD. Similarly, only 60% of industrial waste water, mostly large scale industries, is treated. Performance of state owned sewage treatment plants, for treating municipal waste water, and common effluent treatment plants, for treating effluent from small scale industries, is also not complying with prescribed standards. Thus, effluent from the treatment plants, often, not suitable for household purpose and reuse of the waste water is mostly restricted to agricultural and industrial purposes. Wastewaterirrigated fields generate great employment opportunity for female and male agricultural labourers to cultivate crops, vegetables, flowers, fodders that can be sold in nearby markets or for use by their livestock. However, there are higher risk associated to human health and the environment on use of wastewater especially in developing countries, where rarely the wastewater is treated and large volumes of untreated wastewater are being used in agriculture. Water availability and use: India accounts for 2.45% of land area and 4% of water resources of the world but represents 16% of the world population. Total utilizable water resource in the country has been estimated to be about 1123 BCM (690 BCM from surface and 433 BCM from ground), which is just 28% of the water derived from precipitation. About 85% (688 BCM) of water usage is being diverted for irrigation (Figure 1), which may increase to 1072 BCM by 2050. Major source for irrigation is groundwater. Annual groundwater recharge is about 433 BCM of which 212.5 BCM used for irrigation and 18.1 BCM for domestic and industrial use (CGWB, 2011). By 2025, demand for domestic and industrial water usage may increase to 29.2 BCM. Thus water availability for irrigation is expected to reduce to 162.3 BCM. With the present population growth-rate (1.9% per year), the population is expected to cross the 1.5 billion mark by 2050. Due to increasing population and all round development in the country, the per capita average annual freshwater availability has been reducing since 1951 from 5177 m 3 to 1869 m 3 , in 2001 and 1588 m 3 , in 2010. It is expected to further reduce to 1341 m 3 in 2025 and


Objective: As part of a larger study into the health and well‐being of older people, their relationships with health and community service providers were explored. This paper focuses on how older people viewed their relationship with their general practitioner (GP).


This paper presents readout circuitry for surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors based on a single chip Actel Microsemi Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). It measures the difference frequency output from SAW gas sensor in real time, processes the signal and transfers the data through serial port. The impulse noise filtering is done using median filtering method and the data is smoothed using moving averages technique. The peaks, resulting from detection of gases, are detected and announced. The circuitry can be used with any type of SAW sensor like gas sensor, temperature, pressure or humidity.


Reduced-thermal-expansion bond coatings developed for use at high temperatures in thermal-barrier-coating systems. Bond coatings composed of low-pressure-plasma-sprayed metallic matrices dispersed with low-thermal-expansion high-bulk-modulus ceramic particles. New coatings and application lower thermal-expansion-mismatch strain while maintaining integrity at high temperatures.


This study analyzes the development of a culture of personal transformation in contemporary societies, showing its forms and orientations, and pointing to the factors that favor its development. This new culture unifies psychology and spirituality, emphasizes the transformational power of the experience of transcendence, and flourishes in an heterogeneous and loosely organized milieu driven by trends toward individualization and hybridization. The interpretative hypothesis is that this cultural development is a response to a societal change at the level of the individual: the expansion of the self. The culture of personal transformation can be explained as a response to the existential turmoil that is inherent to the expansion of the self.


The reversed-phase paper chromatography with di-isoamyl methylphosphonate (DAMP) as the stationary phase and solutions of various concentrations of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, perchloric acid and sodium nitrate as the effluent were investigated. The R_f values of UO_2~(2+), Th and many radio-nuolides on paper treated with 0.1M DAMP in benzene were obtained. According to the R_f values and selecting the suitable mobile phase, good results were obtained for the separation of UO_2~(2+)-Th, ~(90)Sr-~(90)Y, ~(95)Zr-~(95)Nb, ~(210)Pb-~(210)Bi-~(210)Po and the mixture of UO_2~(2+), Th and some radio-nuclides. The noticeably different R_f values between macro-concentration and trace level of some heavy metal ions were revealed.


In our efforts to design metal complexes with tailored structures, four 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole-based ligands, 8-[3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazolmethyl]quinoline (L1), 1,4-bis[3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazolyl]-trans-2-butene (L2), 2,3-bis[3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazolmethyl]quinoxaline (L3), and 1,3,5-tri[3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazolmethyl]-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene (L4), have been synthesized and characterized, and their metal complexes with CuII, NiII, CoII, and CdII ions have been prepared and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Using L1 to react with CuX2 (X = Ac-, NO3-, or ClO4-) or Cd(ClO4)2·6H2O, yielded four mononuclear complexes, [Cu(L1)2(OAc)](OAc)(H2O)6 (1) [triclinic, space group P1, a = 10.513(11) A, b = 13.875(14) A, c = 15.776(16) A, α = 70.98(2)°, β = 83.57(2)°, γ = 69.665(18)°, Z = 2], [Cu(L1)2(NO3)](NO3)(H2O)5.5 (2) [monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 12.395(3) A, b = 26.267(6) A, c = 26.362(7) A, β = 92.635(5)°, Z = 8], [Cu(L1)2(H2O)](ClO4)2(H2O)2 (3) [orthorhombic, space group Pbca, a = 13.326(4) A, ...


ABSTRACT The North Westland deformation front runs offshore for 320 km between Cape Farewell and Hokitika at a distance of 3–30 km from the coast. From marine seismic reflection profiles integrated with published sediment core and coastal uplift data, we infer late Quaternary activity on six major reverse faults. The principal structures are the Cape Foulwind, Kahurangi and Kongahu faults and the newly named Farewell, Elizabeth and Razorback faults. They include Late Cretaceous and Paleogene rift faults that were reactivated as reverse faults during the late Cenozoic. Best estimates of late Quaternary (<120 ka) slip rates for different faults range from 0.05–0.75 mm a–1. Nine potential earthquake sources are identified, including four segments of the Cape Foulwind Fault. They are of length c. 20–120 km, are potentially capable of producing moderate- to large-magnitude earthquakes of Mw 6.7–7.8 and represent a seismic risk to coastal communities. Best estimates of recurrence intervals for individual fault sources range from about 7600 years to 30,400 years, with large uncertainties in slip rates of up to –0.4, +1.0 mm a–1 reflected by the wide range of recurrence intervals.


The fruits and seeds of the cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) are utilized as traditionally in Turkey for the treatment of stomach ulcers, digestive system problems, bronchitis and eczemas, as well as a diuretic and anti-diabetic agent. The aim of this study was to determine the content of essential element and toxic metal in cherry laurel fruit and seed. For this purpose, firstly the dried fruit and seed materials were digested with nitric acid (10%) in microwave digestion unit for 10 min. Then, the content of elements in digested samples was identified by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Our results showed that the fruit and seeds of cherry laurel contained plentiful major essential elements such as K, Mg, Ca, and Na and essential trace elements such as Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Mo, Co and Cr, which are necessary for human health. However, the toxic metals such as Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Ag, and Al were not detected in the samples. In conclusion, cherry laurel might be used as a source of natural mineral supplementation.


The adequacy and appropriateness of the highway safety program standards are evaluated. The standards are No. 9, Identification and Surveillance of Accident Locations, No. 12, Highway Design, Construction and Maintenance, No. 13, Traffic Engineering Services, and the engineering portion of No. 14, Pedestrian Safety. Alternative approaches to the existing three-plus standards were considered. The following key recommendations are made as the basis for enhancing highway safety: (1) Existing three-plus standards be restated to include only those procedural elements related to the planning, development and evaluation of a comprehensive highway safety program; (2) Procedures and guidelines for selecting and implementing specific countermeasures be developed and distributed to Federal, state and local agencies; (3) New safety standards be directed to the areas of (1) accident reporting and records, (b) safety improvement planning and programming, (c) design, construction, maintenance, and operations, (d) manpower and (e) evaluations.


This volume is a new edition of an earlier publication (1974) entitled Crystalline Solids. The new volume has been greatly expanded and is the first of a projected two volumes. In this volume, the authors provide a thoroughgoing treatment of the theory and procedures of crystallographic calculations, while the topics of crystal chemistry and crystal physics will be covered in the proposed sequel.

The first half of this work deals with the theory of applied crystallography in five chapters: crystal lattices, stereographic projections, crystal symmetry, space groups, and crystallographic calculations. The second half covers the experimental methods of diffraction and structure analysis. More details of computational methods are outlined in extensive appendices.


In the operating room, clinical expertise, technology, and interpersonal skills converge to save lives and make the sick well. It is a mysterious place to patients and professionals alike, with only a few unique providers allowed inside.


The paper gives a survey of current human resources development in Chinese hotels, including problems and deeprooted causes concerned. Based on that, it recommends the strategy and measures to counteract the problems, and proposes a tentative model for development of human resources in hotels, which is marked by the integrated efforts from the public sector, the education sector and the hotel industry.


We theoretically analyze the stability of the Brillouin fiber ring laser. This study allows us to draw the portrait of the unstable domains for a large range of the system parameters. The influence of the fiber length and of the cavity reinjection rate are highlighted. The effect of cavity detuning on the stability of the laser is investigated.


ABSTRACT Spectacular reactions textures developed during the non-isochemical breakdown of orthopyroxene and spinel in peridotite mantle xenoliths in intraplate alkaline basalts from the Auckland Volcanic Field and the Dunedin Volcano in New Zealand, and Jeju Island in South Korea. Mantle orthopyroxene is replaced by symplectitic intergrowths of silica-rich glass and olivine (± clinopyroxene ± orthopyroxene) with individual minerals showing large diffusion gradients at their margins proximal to the host melt. The glasses are basaltic to trachytic and formed by incongruent melting of orthopyroxene and subsequent re-equilibration by diffusion and mixing during changing boundary conditions with the host magma. Although the glass composition is strongly dependent on the alkalinity of the host magma, the distance to the reacting contact and the respective phase assemblage that develops in the reaction zone (melt + ol ± clinopyroxene ± orthopyroxene), the most evolved melts converge at trachytic composition. Diffusion-driven Fe enrichment for mantle olivine indicates residence timescales within the host magma on the order of weeks to several months.


Abstract We advocate a Process Archaeology (P-Arch) which explores modes of becoming rather than being. We advance three theoretical postulates we feel will be useful in understanding the process of becoming. And then six temporal propositions, with the latter arranged from the briefest to the longest timescale. We lay down the basic conceptual foundation of our approach using the example of pottery making and we follow the process of creativity in between the hand of the potter and the affordances of clay. This specific creative entanglement of flow and form on a fast bodily timescale provides our grounding metaphor for an archaeology of becoming over the long term. Subsequent propositions provide the basis for exploring issues of longer-term material engagement and change.


FINAL YEAR PROJECT Kajaani Polytechnic Faculty Faculty of Engineering Degree programme Production engineering Author(s) Kähkönen Teemu Title Defining Abrasive Wheels in Roll Surfaces in Roll Grinding Optional professional studies Maintenance Instructor(s) / Supervisor(s) Savolainen Heikki (Kajaani polytechnic) Suutari Pentti (UPM-Kymmene Ltd) Date Spring 2003 Total number of pages 84 + 12 Abstract The purpose of this final year project was to define suitable abrasive wheels in the roll grinding of different kinds of roll surfaces. The definition was done in the Kajaani mill of UPM-Kymmene Ltd. The abrasive wheels of every roll surface were specified. The focus was on the characters, structure and operation of the roll grinding machines, the theory of grinding, the characters of the abrasive wheels, and different kinds of rolls and roll surfaces. When defining the abrasive wheels, attention was paid to the recommendations of the professionals. Other things having an influence on the selection of the abrasive wheel were also taken into consideration. The roll grinding machines of Paper Machine 2 and 4 were examined separately. The abrasive wheels were handled with abrasive materials, bonding materials, the specifications of the wheels and the dressing with the diamond dressing tools. The project also paid attention to the grinding values, characters of the rolls, efficiency, turnaround, general grinding mistakes, and general instructions on the roll grinding. In addition, attention was paid to the measuring of the rolls and the optimising of the roll grinding process. The results gave instructions on the selection of the abrasive wheel, paying attention to the different kinds of features of the abrasive wheels. This part of the project paid attention to professionals` knowledge about the abrasive wheels, which they use in the roll grinding process. The conclusions of the project are only guiding, because it is not absolutely sure which abrasive wheel is the right one for a specific roll surface. Confidential No


Amidst the problem of public safety in Brazil, this paper presents a developement and deployment history of the ROTA Platform, a smart city solution created to address problem, besides discussing its applications and the purpose of each one. The results obtained from the introduction of the solution are shown and explained, thereby exposing advances caused by the platform. The paper also presents new challenges to be handled by ROTA for achieving its ideal behavior.


Dacryocystorhinostomy is commonly performed through an external incision. Several transnasal approaches were described earlier in this century but they failed to gain popularity probably because of the difficult exposure. The recent development of nasal endoscopes has greatly improved intranasal visualization. A prior cadaver study demonstrated the feasibility of a transnasal approach. This study presents early results on four patients.


The first-instar nymph and adult female of Kermes greeni Bodenheimer, 1931 are redescribed and a lectotype is designated. Kermes palestiniensis Balachowsky, 1953 is synonymized with K. greeni. This synonymy is based on a study of the type material of K. greeni and K. palestiniensis, as well as on fresh, topotypic material collected from Quercus calliprinos Webb in Israel.


This research was aimed to determine the dietary replacement of rice bran (RB) with palm oil sludge (POS) for juvenile sex-reversal Nile tilapia at ratios of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%, respectively. Dietary protein and lipid were approximately 28% and 5%, in which a control diet contained 30% rice bran. Three fish groups with initial weight of 65 grams were fed each diet by three times a day to apparent satiation lasted 60 days . Non-significant differences on rates of growth, survival, feed intake, feed conversion and retention of protein, lipid and mineral in flesh, were observed among fish fed all test diets ( p>0.05 ). Fish fed diet replacing RB with POS by 75 and 100% showed significantly higher protein efficiency ratios and lower feed cost than those of fish fed other diets ( p 0.05 ). While, non-significant differences of condition factor, flesh yield percentage, indices of hepato-somatic and viscera-somtatic and other organs ratio, were observed among fish fed all test diets ( p>0.05 ). Retentions of essential amino acids in flesh of fish were not impacted by dietary replacement of RB with POS, also increased fatty acids ratios in flesh i.e. n-3/n-6, ARA/Total n-6, EPA+DHA/Total n-3 and DHA/EPA. Conclusively, POS could be used to replace RB by 100% for juvenile sex reversal Nile tilapia feed contained 30% rice bran without negative impacts on growth, feed utilization, survival rate and physical qualities of fish, also improved nutritional values of flesh. Keywords : palm oil sludge ; Nile Tilapia ; feed ; rice bran


Registration for Praktek Kerja Lapangan (PKL) in the Administration Business department has not been maximized. Some of the problems that occur include student registration which is still semi-manual so that it prolongs the registration process, one company only have three students for each Study Program so that students have to fight, this makes it difficult for the admin, manual PKL registration makes students have to queue in the administration room. The development of an information system with the HMVC pattern is able to make easier for programmers. Programmer can divide the system into more specific modules so that the execution of applications is more flexible. This research purpose to develop a registration information system for Praktek Kerja Lapangan (PKL) by applying the HMVC (Hierarchical Model View Controller) concept. The test results of the three experts show that all features of the PKL registration information system are running and functioning properly. And then, stress testing with Jmeter also showed satisfactory results, using 42 users / samples the average response time was less than 5 seconds and there were no errors.


Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) are the most frequently used data structure for handling Boolean functions because of their excellent efficiency in terms of time and space. Algebraic Decision Diagrams (ADDs) have been used to solve general purpose problems such as Matrix Multiplication, logic synthesis and Formal Verification. We propose a Multiple BDD based Matrix Multiplication and compare the performance with ADD and WBDD based matrix multiplication. The results of the proposed method are promising and can be applied to other matrix related problems.


By analyzing several environmental properties of soil in the riparian zone, particularly, our studies on nitrogen and phosphorus content of Solidago Canadensis L. each growth period one year, revealed mechanism of how S. Canadensis L. successfully invaded in riparian zone. Research results show that: Nitrogen content, in the upper and lower soil area respectively, is 1.22mg/g and 0.96mg/g. In comparison, phosphorus content in the upper soil is 0.59mg/g, in the lower one is 0.55mg/g, which are lower than national average soil nitrogen and phosphorus content. In addition, obvious interannual variation was not observed and N/P average we measured was apparently low and decreased with the seasons changed. Each part of the S. Canadensis L. nitrogen and phosphorus content is leaf stem root. Comparing with other herbs, the nitrogen content of S. Canadensis L. is much low, however, the phosphorus content is obviously on the high side. Along with the change of vegetation growth, nitrogen and phosphorus content of each part in the plant demonstrates a trend of decreasing at beginning then increases at the end. N/P of S. Canadensis L. ranging from 2.25 to 4.75, is significantly lower than the other herbs. Plants of S. Canadensis L. has a high phosphorus content and a lack of nitrogen in the soil so as to its growth was limited by N. By analyzing nitrogen and phosphorus in plant stem, leaf, root element and the N/P correlation shows that the phosphorus content in the stem and leaf and N/P has significant negative correlation(P 0.05), while nitrogen content in the root and the N/P has a significant positive correlation(P 0.01) which illustrates the phosphorus dominated the growth of plants and nitrogen dominated the underground part. With a grave shortage of soil nitrogen content and phosphorus content obviously lower in the study, the nitrogen content in the plant of S. Canadensis L. is only slightly lower than other herbaceous plants and the phosphorus content is significantly higher than that of other plants. It could be probably that its ability of absorption and accumulation nitrogen and phosphorus is much higher than other herbs, which might be the mechanism of S. canadensis invaded in the special environment of riparian zone successfully.


The invention discloses a wafer-level packaging method for an image sensor. In the process of packaging an image sensor chip at a wafer level, double-sided cutting is carried out on a packaged wafer packaging structure at first, a single image sensor is formed by separation with the help of a penetrating cutting slot, and a packaging cover plate of the single image sensor is enabled to reserve a small part of adhesion with a supporting cofferdam; and then the cover plate is separated by adopting a mode of external force applying, heating or laser irradiation. Therefore, the packaging cover plate of the single image sensor reserves a small part of adhesion with the supporting cofferdam, so that the bonding area of the packaging cover plate and the supporting cofferdam is effectively reduced, thereby being capable of weakening binding power between the packaging cover plate and the supporting cofferdam, being capable of separating the packaging cover plate and the image sensor very conveniently, and causing no damages for the image sensor.


Several institutions in the UK and Europe have discussed the appraisal of teaching/lecturing skills in education establishments. Within schools, military establishments and some further education establishments appraisal has already been introduced, especially during teacher/instructor training. The management and the Unions within the UK education (and Portsmouth Polytechnic) have expressed different views, although both have made similar assumptions concerning the aims of appraisal and the need for appraisal to affect promotion and pay. Both have tended to be negative.


Under hypnosis the effects of suggesting fear, anger, cough and an asthmatic attack, alone or in combination, have been studied in three asthmatic patients, using a spirometric method of assessment of airways obstruction. A significant decrease in forced expiratory volume at one second was observed with the suggestion of asthma alone, and more particularly on the combined suggestions of asthma, fear, anger and cough. No statistically significant decrease in ventilatory capacity occurred on coughing by itself, or the suggestion of fear and anger. On the average, these effects were reversed by suggestions of relaxation, but the scatter of post‐experimental measurements was wide. The experiments were not designed to study the relationship between chronic emotional tension and the initial onset of asthma, neither were they an assessment of the value of hypnosis in the treatment of asthma.


In this paper time-dependence of coherent energy transfer in a model oxacyanine (S9) Scheibe aggregate (or J-aggregate) in the presence of thiacyanine (S11) perturber chromophores is studied quantum mechanically. The mixed Scheibe aggregate is assumed to have a hexagonal two-dimensional (2D) brick layer structure. It is shown that the present model, based on the extended dipole-dipole resonance coupling energy among the monomer "bricks", can account for the observed red-shift of the J-band (of the aggregate) with respect to the band of the monomers, for monomer of the same brick dimensions as estimated by Kuhn and co-workers, experimentally. Quantum propagation of the energy of an initial excitation in the aggregate is found to occur as a (probability) wave that can be strongly affected by the presence of the perturber chromophores. It is found that if a perturber is excited, a part of the excitation energy can be trapped at the site. More interestingly, it may also oscillate between two or more perturber...


It is shown that for seeded precipitation, the morphology and the location of active growth sites of the seed crystals depend on the conditions in which they were produced in terms of supersaturation, ion ratio of reactants, and feed rate. Further, the properties of the seed crystals influence the morphology and, hence, the size of the seeded precipitated particles. The reaction system is barium sulfate from barium chloride and potassium sulfate in a semi-batch stirred tank reactor.


The talk includes two parts. The first part is about a hyper-exponential jump diffusion model for option pricing. The main objective is to extend the analytical tractability of the Black–Scholes model to alternative models with jumps, no matter whether the jump sizes have exponential-type tails or power-type tails. More precisely, we study a jump diffusion model for asset prices whose jump sizes are hyper-exponentially distributed. The hyper-exponential distribution can approximate most heavy-tail distributions as closely as possible, including both powerand exponentialtype distributions. We demonstrate that the hyper-exponential jump diffusion model can lead to analytical solutions for popular path-dependent options such as lookback, barrier, quantile, and perpetual American options. Numerical examples indicate that the formulae are easy to implement and accurate. These analytical solutions are made possible mainly because we solve several highorder integro-differential equations explicitly related to first passage time problems and optimal stopping problems. In the second part, we propose a two-factor equilibrium model for electricity spot and futures prices. Not only does our model capture features such as spikes and seasonality, but it also has some other properties. First, it can incorporate oligopoly. Second, the spot prices have infinite expectations, but the futures prices have finite expectations.


The current state of knowledge on cyber stalking in the United Kingdom is reviewed. Cyber stalking connotes stalking activities which are carried out by perpetrators in the virtual world via any aspects of information technology or electronic means resulting in a victim or victims suffering emotional and arguably mental and psychological harm. Building on this knowledge, the methods used by cyber stalkers to harass victims are identified. The effects of cyber stalking on victims are then analysed taking into account recent research findings. Following from this, the prevalence of cyber stalking is examined and the effectiveness of existing legislation is evaluated taking into account the recently introduced laws on face-to-face stalking and cyber stalking. The paper concludes by giving an overview of the challenges faced by law enforcement agencies in the cross jurisdictional prosecution of cyber stalkers.


Subsurface reservoirs generally have a complex description in terms of both geometry and geology. This poses a continuing challenge in modeling and simulation of petroleum reservoirs owing to variations of static and dynamic properties at different length scales. Multiscale methods constitute a promising approach that enables efficient simulation of geological models while retaining a level of detail in heterogeneity that would not be possible via conventional upscaling methods. Multiscale methods developed to solve coupled flow equations for reservoir simulation are based on a hierarchical strategy in which the pressure equation is solved on a coarsened grid and the transport equation is solved on the fine grid, and the two equations are treated as a decoupled system. In particular, the multiscale mixed finite‐element (MsMFE) method attempts to capture subgrid geological heterogeneity directly into the coarse‐scale equations via a set of numerically computed basis functions. These basis functions are able to capture the predominant multiscale information and are coupled through a global formulation to provide good approximation of the subsurface flow solution. In the literature, the general formulation of the MsMFE method for incompressible two‐phase and compressible three‐phase flow has mainly addressed problems with idealized flow physics. In this paper, we first outline a recent formulation that accounts for compressibility, gravity, and spatially dependent rock‐fluid parameters. Then, we validate the method by evaluating its computational efficiency and accuracy on a series of representative benchmark tests that have a high degree of realism with respect to flow physics, heterogeneity in the petrophysical models, and geometry/topology of the corner‐point grids. In particular, the MsMFE method is validated and compared against an industry‐standard fine‐scale solver. The fine‐scale flux, pressure, and saturation fields computed by the multiscale simulation show a noteworthy improvement in resolution and accuracy compared with coarse‐scale models. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The article attempts to assess the usefulness of the Taguchi method to optimise the purification process of synthetic textile wastewater (pH 6.7 - 7.2, Conductivity = 6.71 - 6.84 mS/cm, Salinity = 3581 - 3648 mg NaCl/l, Colour = 560 - 4710 mg Pt/l, COD = 2220 - 2290 mg O2/l, TOC = 394 - 551 mg/l) using K2FeO4. The research was conducted using 3 types of wastewater containing anionic detergent (sodium lauryl sulfate, 100 mg/l) and differing only in the concentration of azo dye Acid Green 16 (AG 16). Technical K2FeO4 was used as an oxidiser, which was subjected to physico-chemical analysis (purity, UV-VIS spectrum, surface characteristics and chemical composition using SEM and EDX methods). For planning and optimising the wastewater treatment process, the Taguchi method was used for four input parameters: pH (2, 7, 12), reaction time (10, 30, 50 min), AG 16 concentrations (20, 120, 220 mg/l) and K2FeO4 concentrations (25, 125, 225 mg/l), for which 9 experiments were performed in accordance with the plan adopted. Test result analysis allowed to indicate the optimal values for individual input parameters (pH 2, time = 50 min, AG 16 = 20 mg/l, K2FeO4 = 125 mg/l). Under these conditions, visual discoloration of wastewater was obtained (AG 16 = 0.4 mg/l, ↓98% ), colour removal (66 mg Pt/l, ↓88%) and DOC (249 mg/l, ↓37%).


When designing fire safety of buildings the fire growth rate is an important parameter, in large affecting the
overall fire safety level within the building. Generally, a deterministic fire growth rate is used raising the
question whether the resulting design arrives at a reasonable level of safety. A method was developed to
obtain distributions of fire growth rates in specific building types. The new method uses data from two
sources: fire statistics, and fire growth rates on single objects obtained by calorimetry experiments. In
addition, the method was demonstrated by a case study investigating whether the overall fire growth rate is
faster for commercial buildings if arson fires are included than if they are not. The results show that there is
a considerably higher fire growth rate when arson fires are accounted for, e.g. designing for a fast fire
growth rate of 0.047 kW/s2 covers 97% of accidental fires (arson excluded) but only 91% of all fires (arson
included). The results indicate that there is a need to account for arson fires when designing buildings when
the probability of arson is high. The developed method provides means to account for arson in fire safety
engineering, and to further quantify the achieved fire safety level.


Low-chromium ferritic stainless steel that is subjected to a second laser-induced thermal cycle is susceptible to intergranular corrosion. Precipitation of carbides and nitrides depletes the adjacent regions of chromium. For this material, despite its low carbon content of 0.007%, laser transformation hardening has achieved a considerable increase in hardness. For certain thermal conditions during overlapping of tracks the above precipitation mechanism can take place. Numerical modelling was applied to analyse the laser parameters that could be critical for precipitation to take place. The results are compared to experiments that were screened with a standardised test method. Avoiding susceptibility to intergranular corrosion when laser transformation hardening was shown to be difficult during a second thermal cycle of an overlapping pass that passes a critical though narrow temperature range. Based on this, measures to mitigate the susceptibility was introduced, in the form of heating the material above melting temperature. When melting the material, even during the first pass, corrosion behaviour changes. It is shown that the risk of corrosion can be avoided during subsequent passes. Different thermal cycles are analysed to find limits for avoiding susceptibility to intergranular corrosion. By laser treating and mapping the critical thermal cycles, the material can be used in a wider range of applications.


Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a technique that enables the quality controller to monitor, analyze, predict, control, and improve a production process through control charts. So to use of SPC in medical field is very important. The cases were obtained at the Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of medicine departments of surgical sciences within two year were evaluated. The outcomes of the operations in these departments were followed throughout twenty-four months. For a surgical procedure has two possible outcomes; a nonconforming product (the patient dies) or a conforming one (the patient survives), the both the death and the alive were accepted as attribute data. The four type of attribute charts were applied to this data. These were p-chart, np-chart, c-chart and u-chart. If the statistical process was an "in-control" or not was tried to determine by the attribute charts. As a result of the statistical processes of these departments were evaluated, this provided easily be viewed the pattern of process. The aim of this research is to use the attribute control charts in medical field (especially hospital performance evaluation) and to show availability of the attribute control charts in medical field.


Identify options for the indications for antibiotic prophylaxis in children's dental reception. The analysis of publications shows that the basis of current trends prevention of postoperative wound infection in pediatric surgery should be measures aimed at eliminating or reducing the influence of risk factors, as well as the use of antibiotic prophylaxis


The policies implemented for the science and technology sector during the government of President Mauricio Macri are analyzed, in the context of the neo-liberal development model that has driven its management. Focused on the export of raw materials and financial valuation, this model reformulated in fact the evolution of the sector. Ongoing projects in areas such as defense, satellite and nuclear were paralyzed and attempt to boost the development of the national technology industry were suspended. Data and indicators are presented that show the magnitude of the cuts made to the state investment in S&T, theloss of the real salary of the professionals of the sector and the deterioration in the workingconditions in the R&D activities, in a general framework of adjustment and shrinking of the State.


Abstract The synthesis of a series of dimethyl 6-aryl-2,2-dimethyl-[2H]-chromene-7,8-dicarboxylates is described. The photochromic properties of this new family of dimethyl-[2H]-chromenes have been studied in solution, under continuous irradiation. The presence of the methoxycarbonyl groups was shown to stabilise the coloured forms. The fading rates are generally low in comparison with the standard "naked" chromenes in the same experimental conditions. This stabilisation depends on the solvent used. We could observe the presence of one permanent opened form. Moreover, it seems that the synthesised molecules have a strong resistance toward photodegradation.


A method of dating the marine growth circuli on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) scales is presented. Data were available for 54 salmon, intercepted as smolts at the completion of their downstream migration in the River North Esk, Scotland. Smolts were tagged, released, and recaptured as return adults after either one (1SW) or two (2SW) winters at sea. Dating of circuli was achieved by fitting a simple quadratic model to the circuli pertaining to fixed points on the scale. For 1SW fish, the latter were the dates of river emigration and completion of marine migration, and the midpoint circulus (equal to the winter solstice) of the winter annulus. For 2SW salmon, these were the date of emigration and the two winter annulus midpoints. A key assumption is that winter annulus formation arises from constraints of light availability on foraging, and hence, reduced growth rate. Comparative analyses indicate the method to be robust and effectively transferable to salmon of known capture date — but of unknown smolt...


Developing positive attitudes by upgrading the environmental literacy level is very important to protect nature from anthropogenic pressures. This study evaluates existing knowledge, awareness, attitude and behavior, perceived issues, and solutions of undergraduates on major environmental issues of two national universities with different teaching methods of the Open University of Sri Lanka (OUSL: open distance learning) and the University of Peradeniya (UP: conventional). A questionnaire survey (29 structured and 04 open-ended items) was adapted with 800 undergraduates of engineering, science, management, law, and arts/ social sciences disciplines. We computerized descriptive statistics, such as frequency and cross-tabulation, and mean comparison using the SPSS software. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) of existing environmental knowledge in undergraduates of two universities. However, there was a significant difference in undergraduates' family income (F = 5.387, p < 0.001) and family educational background (p < 0.05) with environmental knowledge. School education played a main role in building environmental concepts for undergraduates. The environmental attitude and behavior of both student groups showed a fairly favorable status. The majority of respondents suggested that TV and radio were the most effective media for environmental awareness. Undergraduates of the OUSL and UP were more interested in "tree planting"/ "gardening" (22.7%) and "hiking (mountain climbing)" (25.7%), respectively. Both OUSL and UP groups recognized "global warming" as the major global environmental issue and air pollution as the local issue. This study highlights the importance of building environmental knowledge among undergraduates, mainly on global and local environmental issues, to improve sustainable environment management.


This paper presents a method of stock selection and evaluation based on discriminant analysis. For this purpose, we investigate the cross-sectional relation between fundamental and financial variables, besides the CAPM beta coefficient, and the average stock returns. We examine stocks traded on Sao Paulo Stock Exchange (BM&FBovespa) during the period January 2006 to December 2010. The results were quite satisfactory, as the discriminatory predictive capacity obtained a level of success of 70% in 2006, 73.08% in 2007, 88.24% in 2008, 78.57% in 2009, and 70.59% in 2010. We also concluded that the beta coefficient has discriminatory capabilities.


In order to estimate the traffic delay of the Jinan Yanshan interchange west export intersection during evening peak hours, the field measurement was taken to get the simulation parameters of the west export intersection. Several signal timing optimization schemes for the intersection were designed according to Highway Capacity Manual 2010 (HCM2010). After the analysis with VISSIM, the results show that: compared with no signal condition, current signal timing can relieve the road traffic congestion in some sections of the west export intersection, but further optimization is still needed. Also, among the six different signal timing optimization schemes, scheme D performs better than the others, which can dramatically improve the traffic passage efficiency and relieve delay. Therefore, traffic efficiency in the interchange export intersection can be further improved by optimizing the signal timing.


Providing accurate and automated input modeling support is one of the challenging problems in the application of computer simulation. The models incorporated in current input-modeling software packages often fall short of what is needed because they emphasize independent and identically distributed processes, while dependent multivariate time-series processes occur naturally in the simulation of many real-life systems. We present a model for representing stationary multivariate time-series input processes with marginal distributions from the Johnson translation system and an autocorrelation structure specified through some finite lag. We then describe how to generate data accurately to drive computer simulations. We also introduce a statistical methodology for fitting stochastic models to dependent time-series input processes. Specifically, an automated and statistically valid algorithm is presented to fit ARTA (Autoregressive-to-Anything) processes with marginal distributions from the Johnson translation system to stationary univariate time-series data. We illustrate the use of the data-generation and data-fitting procedures via examples and provide empirical comparisons with some existing input-modeling procedures.


This paper presents a novel method for the automatic segmentation of coronary arteries in X-ray angiograms, based on multiscale analysis and neural networks. The multiscale analysis is performed by using Gaussian filters in the spatial domain and Gabor filters in the frequency domain, which are used as inputs by a multilayer perceptron (MLP) for the enhancement of vessel-like structures. The optimal design of the MLP is selected following a statistical comparative analysis, using a training set of 100 angiograms, and the area under the ROC curve (Az) for assessment of the detection performance. The detection results of the proposed method are compared with eleven state-of-the-art blood vessel enhancement methods, obtaining the highest performance of Az = 0.9775, with a test set of 30 angiograms. The database of 130 X-ray coronary angiograms has been outlined by a specialist and approved by a medical ethics committee. On the other hand, the vessel extraction technique was selected from fourteen binary classification algorithms applied to the multiscale filter response. Finally, the proposed segmentation method is compared with twelve state-of-the-art vessel segmentation methods in terms of six binary evaluation metrics, where the proposed method provided the most accurate coronary arteries segmentation with a classification rate of 0.9698 and Dice coefficient of 0.6857, using the test set of angiograms. In addition to the experimental results, the performance in the detection and segmentation steps of the proposed method have also shown that it can be highly suitable for systems that perform computer-aided diagnosis in X-ray imaging.


In an era of globalization, international legal frameworks and vigorous international politics, we cannot refrain from hearing about the extensive health crisis of the developing world. HIV/AIDS, Malaria and drug resistant tuberculosis are only a few of the widespread disease which appear almost surreal to the citizens of the industrial world. The debates and discussions regarding the importance of aiding the developing nations inter alia through the international legal framework are persistent. The transfer of essential technology, such as pharmaceuticals, is vital if the crisis is to be eradicated, thus the need for an international legal framework which supports the needs of the developing world is indisputable.
Since the international legal framework is immense, and far too comprehensive to be analyzed in a bachelor thesis, the purpose of this essay is to analyze the TRIPS-Agreement of the WTO, i.e. the Agreement on Trade Related aspects of Intellectual Property rights, and investigate to what extent this legal framework is a useful tool for technology transfer to the developing nations. Particularly, focus will be on compulsory licensing as a tool for technology transfer.
The method employed was firstly a profound study of the TRIPS-Agreement and other relevant sources, followed by a research on compulsory licensing. Furthermore, due to the extent of the term "technology", focus will be on pharmaceuticals.


The "double‐voiced quality" of women travel writers of Dinesen's time is much in evidence in Out of Africa, for although Dinesen is seemingly silent on colonialism, her silence on that topic structurally creates an absence in the text into which she inserts metaphorical accounts of her affinity with and attraction to African people, which leads the reader to the subtextual level where those metaphors collectively constitute a sharp critique of colonialism. The cumulative effect of Dinesen's metaphorically rich narratives of affinity and attraction is an engendering of her deep identification—personal and cultural—with the Kenyans. Persuasive, indeed, is her invitation to enter the Kenyans' world and to identify with, as she plainly does, their knowledge, values, practices, and lives. And she further induces identification with the Kenyans by contrasting their enlightened, tolerant attitudes to the prejudicial narrowness of the European settlers, a view amplified upon in her letters.


Tay–Sachs disease (TSD) is a lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the HEXA gene that encodes the HexosaminidaseA (HEXA) enzyme. As HEXA normally functions to degrade the protein GM2‐ganglioside in lysosomes, decreased levels of HEXAcauses an accumulation of the protein and leads to neurological toxicity. Typical clinical manifestations of TSD include neurodevelopmental regression, muscle weakness, hypotonia, hyperreflexia, ataxia, seizures, and other neurological symptoms. It is quite rare in Asian populations, wherein only two cases have been reported in Korea to date.