Conservation tillage may affect soil phosphorus (P) fractions through the application of P fertilizer and the deposition of residue on the soil surface. The objectives were to 1) evaluate the effect of tillage systems on soil P fractions, as well as the interaction with P fertilization, and 2) relate changes in P fractions with P balance. No tillage and conventional tillage were assigned as main plots and the two P rates (0 y 30 kg P ha -1 ) the subplots, with three replicates. Inorganic (Pi) and organic (Po) P were measure with the anion exchange membrane (AEM), NaHCO 3 , NaOH, HCl and residual fractions, extracted sequentially. When the amount of P applied exceeded that removed by grain, the P excess was converted to different fractions, but with no increases in Bray-P compared to initial value. In the short time, there was no interaction neither significant effect of tillage systems on Pi forms; however, the AEM-Pi and NaHCO 3 -Pi fractions were significantly (p< 0,05) higher with P application. Without consideration of residual-P and among the inorganic forms, the HCl-Pi showed high values, in absolute (50 mg P kg -1 ) and relative (9% of total P) terms, according to geochemical characteristics of these soils. There was no interaction of fertilizer application with tillage neither main effects on Po fractions. Among all P fractions, NaOH-Po was the most abundant (186,7 mg P kg -1 and 34% of total P), followed by residual-P. In agreement with the positive P balance, total P tended to be higher with P application and the sum of fractions extracted by AEM, NaHCO 3 , NaOH y HCl accounted, on average, for 81% of the increment in total P.


GIS provides excellent means for visualizing and analyzing epidemiological data, revealing trends, dependencies and inter-relationships. It can acquire, store, manage, and geographically integrate large amounts of information from different sources, programmes and sectors. Nutrition is one of the many areas of possible application of GIS methodologies. Public Health Nutrition in emergencies has only recently discovered the potential. Almost any nutrition survey aiming at defining the nutritional status in a certain area can be enhanced by a GIS presentation. This article study on the potential benefits, resource needed and constraints of applying Geographical Information Systems (GIS) analysis to a conventional nutritional survey dataset in a developing country.


This article provides information on the popular side of New Mexico's dinosaurs. It summarizes dinosaur exhibits in New Mexico, provides advice on collecting dinosaur fossils in the state and lists key published books that contain information on New Mexico's dinosaurs.


Studies the loads and the constraint conditions of the gantry of the steel mold trolley that is used in the tail channel of SanXia underground power station.An analysis of DOE technology provided by DesidnXplorer open out the relationship between the section,the stress and the weight of the gantry of the steel mold trolley.On this basis,the optimal cross-section is given.The result of optimization can decrease the weight of the gantry by about 17.03%.


Abstract Objectives: Active video games (AVGs) could provide a novel approach to increasing physical activity and decreasing sedentary activity in children, but little is known about which children are likely to use AVGs. This study examined whether youth demographics, social support, and AVG engagement influence use of AVGs and physical activity. Materials and Methods: A diverse sample of youth participants (42.4% non-Hispanic white), aged 8–14 years (n = 85), who owned an AVG console, completed surveys, wore an activity monitor, and logged AVG use for 1 week. Regression analyses were used to examine variables associated with daily AVG minutes and to examine the relationship between daily AVG minutes and daily steps. Results: Older and non-Hispanic white children played AVGs for fewer minutes per day (P's < 0.03). Greater peer support for playing AVGs was associated with greater daily AVG minutes (P = 0.003). Daily AVG minutes were not associated with daily steps. Conclusions: Results suggest that younge...


Airbreathing catfishes are a group of stenohaline freshwater fish that can withstand various environmental conditions and farming practices, including the ability to breathe atmospheric oxygen. This unique ability has allowed them to thrive in semi-terrestrial habitats. However, the genomic mechanisms underlying their adaptation to adverse ecological conditions remain poorly understood. Here, we sequenced the genome of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus, one of the most commonly farmed clariids. By integrating different long reads sequencing technologies, we generated a chromosome-level assembly with high-resolution haplotypes, including the male-specific haplotype. The diploid assembly yielded 58 contigs spanning 969.72 Mb with a contig N50 of 33.71 Mb. We report 25,655 predicted protein-coding genes and 49.94% repetitive elements in the African catfish genome. Several gene families involved in ion transport, osmoregulation, oxidative stress response, and muscle metabolism were expanded or positively selected in clariids, suggesting a potential role in their transition to terrestrial life. The reported findings expand our understanding of the genomic mechanisms underpinning the resilience and adaptive mechanisms of C. gariepinus to adverse environments. These insights will serve as a valuable resource for future studies in elucidating these unique biological traits in related teleosts and leverage these insights for aquaculture improvement.


Health Management Information System (HMIS) is a complete government web-based portal designed to manage healthcare data nationally in India. On 23rd October 2008, the government of India dispatched this national-level portal to screen the progress of the National Health Mission so that this HMIS portal could provide a structured report and monitor data over some time, which could help formulate the new national-level policy. This study was conducted through primary and secondary data collection and consisted of a graphical analysis of data observed from April 2008 to March 2020. Various stages of development of national-level HMIS were considered and studied. The Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) levels among the Indian healthcare professionals about the Nation Health Portal were studied. Other than that, the analysis provided information on the coverage and usage of health data reporting to national-level HMIS in India. Various underlying causes for data capturing methods and errors in HMIS were identified in the study. The existing challenges and limitations regarding using HMIS were discussed based on statistical analysis and results. The exciting advancements and standardization efforts in enhancing the quality of Health Management Information Systems (HMIS) are poised soon to make a significant impact on integrating national-level data for maximizing the effectiveness of healthcare systems. India must go a long way in the race for a data-driven revolution in health care. Note that the National level Health portal is a great initiative by the government of India.


All of Ronin(浪人) in Korean and Manchuria, Japanese legation resident in Korea, the pro-Japanese group Ilginhoi(一進會) were deeply involved in Japanese...


Time and stratigraphic relationships do not support Noble9s (Econ. Geol., v. 58, no. 7, p. 1145-1156) thesis as applied to Wisconsin-Illinois zinc-lead district.


Single beam bathymetry is widely used in marine geologic survey. Tidal calibration is very necessary to guarantee correct results of the bathymetry. The authors introduce a procedure that can quickly and easily calibrate the bathymetric data. A weighted average method was used to calculate the tidal value of each tidal station. Such bathymetry was carried out in the Yellow River delta in order to validate this method.


Introduction The higher education sector is experiencing changes in the profile of employees and stakeholders. Current employees are expected to function effectively and efficiently in institutions to achieve individual and organisational goals. The functioning aspect of the capability approach presents the opportunity to investigate how academic employees function in the current work environment. The study aimed to investigate the functioning of academic employees in the current work environment. Understanding how academic employees function in their current work environment provides the opportunity to develop relevant talent management practices to motivate, retain, support, develop, and lead academic employees. Methods A qualitative research approach and a critical realism perspective was utilised to explore social relations in the sample environment. Purposive sampling was employed to identify appropriate participants for the study. Nine online semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from the participants. Results The findings of the study show that academic employees function effectively when they experience support and relationships at work as well as when autonomy and technology are available among various aspects of work. Talent management strategies require proactive reviewing to meet academic employees' needs to enhance performance. Discussion Human resource practitioners and leaders in the institution have the responsibility to explore the functioning of academics in their environment to understand how they can enhance their performance and develop and retain these employees to meet institutional goals. The study adds some insights to the current literature related to the functioning of academic employees using the capability approach. The institution can develop new mechanisms to enhance the performance of these employees in a dynamic environment through talent management practices.


Introduction: This study aims to characterize various bowel pathologies, as well as usefulness of Multidetector CT scan in differentiating benign versus malignant lesions and to evaluate CT findings with histological data. Material and methods: This prospective study was done in radiology department of Dhiraj Hospital, SBKSMIRC, Sumandeep Vidhyapeeth University, Vadodara, India during period of April, 2015 to September, 2017. 94 patients with clinical presentation of bowel, mesentery and related pathologies were selected and underwent CT scan. Diagnosis was confirmed by following up patient with USG or CT, Other radiological and non-radiological investigation and/or surgery and histopathology. Results: The mean age of patients was 50 years. Pathology is more common in male (61) as compared to females (33). Among the 94 patients included in the study, 2 had congenital lesions, 26 had infective and inflammatory lesions, 5 had ischemic bowel conditions, 54 had neoplastic lesions of bowel and 7 had miscellaneous bowel conditions. Colorectal malignancy is most common (82.36%) malignant lesion with rectosigmoid region (52.38%) as most common area. Differentiation of benign from malignant lesions can be done by certain characteristics of the lesions at CT scan, like degree of wall thickening, symmetry of wall thickening, length of wall thickening and postcontrast enhacement pattern. Conclusion: No single characteristic is highly specific for differentiation between benign and malignant lesions. Careful analysis of characteristics of lesions on CT scan helps to narrow down the differential diagnosis. Thus, multidetector CT scan is "The imaging modality of choice" for characterization of bowel lesions.


We study the synchronization transition of Kuramoto oscillators in scale-free networks that are characterized by tunable local properties. Specifically, we perform a detailed finite size scaling analysis and inspect how the critical properties of the dynamics change when the clustering coefficient and the average shortest path length are varied. The results show that the onset of synchronization does depend on these properties, though the dependence is smooth. On the contrary, the appearance of complete synchronization is radically affected by the structure of the networks. Our study highlights the need of exploring the whole phase diagram and not only the stability of the fully synchronized state, where most studies have been done up to now.


Reaction of Fc(S)PS2P(S)Fc and An(S)PS2P(S)An with NaOR [R=Me, Et, iPr] gives the non symmetric sodium phosphonodithioate salts Fc(RO)PS2Na and An(RO)PS2Na respectively (An=anisyl, Fc=ferrocenyl). These salts can be oxidised by I2, activated by KI, to form organodithiophosphono disulfides of the type (R(R′O)P(S)–S–S–P(S)(OR′)R). Reactions of these salts with 2,4-dinitrosulfenyl chloride form organodithiophosphono disulfides of the type [R(R′O)P(S)–S–S–R]. These sodium salts can also react with benzyl bromide to form S-alkyl O-alkyl 4-methoxyphenyldithiophosphonate esters and S-alkyl O-alkyl ferrocenyldithiophosphonate esters. All new compounds have been characterised spectroscopically and seven demonstrative X-ray structures are reported.


In the Journal of July 15th, 1933 (p. 115), we commented on the work done on influenza by Laidlaw, Andrewes, and Wilson Smith, who, using the ferret as an experimental animal, came to the conclusion that the primary infective agent in influenza is a filter-passing virus. Discussing this work in its present report, the Council points out that the experimental approach to the problem of influenza had for long been held up, not for lack of material resources, but because no laboratory animal was kniown to be susceptible to the disease. The brilliant investigation into canine distemper (a diseaze probably due to a virus) in which it was found that the ferret liad a high susceptibility to the disorder, led to the use of this animal for experimental purposes during the influenza epidemic at the beginning of 1933. The fact that ferrets developed a febrile reaction and a nasopharyngeal catarrh after nasal instillation of filtered washings from the nasopharynges of human beings suffering from influenza, and the serial transmission of the disease from ferret to ferret from filtered material, strongly pointed to a filter-passing virus as being the primary infective agent. The relation of this virus to that found by Shope in " hog-influenza " has already been remarked upon.' 2 The swine virus producbs in the ferret a condition indistinguishable from that caused by the human virus, and the ferret recovered from either infection has an immunity to the other (partial to the swine virus on recovery from the human, and complete for the converse). " At this early stage," the report states, " no claim can be made without cautious reservation as to the need for repeating experiments and of confirming results; and, in any event, the prospect of practical application is still remote." Work continues on the unit dimensions of viruses, and the correspondence between the measurement of viruses by Dr. Elford's method of differential filtration and those obtained by Mr. Barnard's ultra-violet photomicrographs strengthens the evidence for the identity of the optically dimonstrable particles with the virus. Comparative measurements of this kind have been made for -the viruses of vaccinia, fowl-pox, ectromelia, canary disease, Borna disease, and vesicular stomatitis of horses and cattle. Dr. Elford's experiments suggest that the diameter of the infective units of the last-mentioned disease is somewhere between 70 and 100 millimicrons (1 millimicron= one millionth of a millimetre). Mr. Barnard has identified minute particles in the fluid from the vesicles in this disease. As such units (70 to 100 millimicrons) must be close to the limit of critical resolution with the shortest ultra-violet wave-length that can be used with present-day optical apparatus, the correspondence of measurements by filtration and by photomicrography has been extended to the lowest limits -of detection. The cultivation of viruses under artificial conditions continues to present considerable difficulties.. Attempts have been made to grow viruses in cultures of tissues from susceptible animals. Dr. Burnet has been phages. Experiments go to show that bacteriophages are independent transmissible agents analogous to the viruses. Their properties have several points of resemblance to those of the visible bacteria, and recent work has strengthen'ed the conception' that 'bacteriophages are infective agents organized into extremely minute particles. The photodynamic inactivation of viruses by means of methylene-blue in the presence of light and free oxygen has been turned to practical account by Drs. Perdrau and Todd, who have used the virus of canine distemper, inactivated in this way, as a vaccine, with the successful immunization of ferrets and dogs.


SRAMs built on Carbon Nanotube Field Transistors (CNFET) are promising alternatives to conventional CMOS-based SRAMs, due to their advantages in terms of both power consumption and noise margin. However, non-ideal Carbon Nanotube (CNT) fabrication process generates metallic-CNTs (m-CNTs) along with semiconductor-CNTs (s-CNTs), rendering correlated faulty cells along the growth direction of the m-CNTs. Based on this phenomenon, we propose a novel testing algorithm for detecting m-CNTs, wherein consecutive write and read operations jump over multiple cells rather than marching through each and every cell, thereby significantly reducing the testing cost. The proposed jump test can be invoked before the march test to screen out those CNFET-SRAMs doomed to failure, and this can reduce the subsequent test overhead. Experimental results show that the proposed solution is able to achieve a high fault coverage with much less testing cost.


In order to investigate on influence of physical mechanical properties of the worsted fabric on evaluation of style,29 indexes of physical and mechanical properties were tested on KES system and dimension reduction was conducted on indexes by using principal component analysis, so6 independent principal components were obtained. Composition and connotation of principal components were analyzed in detail. The results showed that: the principal component Z1 mainly reflected stiffness sense of the fabric( including thick sense,heavy feeling) and elastic in weft direction; Z2 mainly reflected the bones( rigidity),active( spring) and uniform level of surface; Z3 reflected elastic in warp direction; Z4 reflected fluffy,full style; Z5 mainly reflected surface smoothness and coarse moist feeling; and Z6 mainly reflected soft style of the worsted fabric.


Job satisfaction of library employees' has been a widely research topic of library and Information science studies in the world research arena. However, in Sri Lanka, few studies have been carried out relate to job satisfaction and all these studies mainly focused on the professional staff serving in university libraries. Therefore, this study carried out to fill the gap in the literature by comprehensively exploring the job satisfaction and related aspects of all three staff categories under five research objectives. A questionnaire used to collect data from 643 library employees attached to fourteen universities. Survey results revealed that, university library employees were fairly satisfied with their jobs and identified seven factors related to job satisfaction. Out of them coworkers and nature of work selected as the most influential factors of job satisfaction and inadequate work cooperation, absence of proper appreciation mechanism, gaps in communication flow and less job autonomy make the staff dissatisfy with their jobs.


Fake profiles have been developed as social media usage has increased, which can result in identity theft, cyberbullying, and online fraud. In order to secure internet users, efficient phony profile detection systems are required. In this study, we assess the efficacy of three well-known machine-learning algorithms and deep learning methods for the detection of fake profiles such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest, and Neural Networks.The dataset aided for training and testing includes several variables taken from social media profiles, such as status_ count, followers count, friends count, favorites count, and listed count. The testing results demonstrate that all three algorithms are capable of identifying phony profiles with a high degree of accuracy, with neural networks having the best accuracy (99.2%). This study implies that machine learning algorithms have the potential to identify fraudulent profiles.


Six years ago, John Simpson at the University of Guelph in Ontario reported a rather disquieting discovery. In the beta decay of tritium, he asserted, a small fraction of decay events appear to produce a neutrino weighing 17 keV. That's 130, the mass of the electron—very much larger than anyone was looking for in the many attempts to find evidence for a nonvanishing neutrino mass in the end point of the electron energy spectrum from tritium decay.


This study explores the geomorphological expression and geological context of a normal fault scarp in a stable continental region (SCR) which we interpret as having failed in large ( M w > 7) earthquakes. Records of such large normal faulting events in an SCR (or even in more rapidly deforming regions) are extremely rare, and so understanding this feature is of international interest. The scarp is exceptionally well-preserved due to the extensive calcrete/silcrete cementation. In areas where this cementation is reduced or absent the scarp is more diffuse, as expected for a feature formed by one or more paleoearthquakes. The exceptional preservation aids comparison with data sets based on scarps which have formed more recently. Our analysis is based on a high-resolution digital elevation model of the Hebron Fault scarp in southern Namibia using pan-sharpened Worldview-3 satellite stereophotos (0.31 m resolution). We make scarp height measurements at 160 locations providing improved estimates of the average displacement (5.9 m), maximum displacement (10.1 m), and the minimum fault length (45 km). No consistent evidence of lateral displacements in water courses or alluvial fan margins were found implying predominantly normal displacement. A newly described section in the northwest has en-echelon scarps consistent with a component of strike-slip motion that may be explained by its difference in strike from the central section. Most channels crossing the fault show a single knick-point. The displacement varies smoothly as it crosses a number of different generations of alluvial fan surfaces. No evidence of a multiscarp or a composite scarp were observed. We have therefore found no evidence for a mutiple-event origin for the scarp, although, this lack of evidence does not conclusively demonstrate a single-event origin. Published regressions, based on the limited data available for SCRs, suggest that the mean expected average displacement ( ¯ D av ) for a faults of this length is 1.2– 3.1 m implying that the scarp is likely to have formed in 2–5 events with an expected M w = ∼ 7.1 though displacements in individual events may exceed these average values. Comparison with the regional geology and aeromagnetic data sets suggests that the fault reactivates a Mesoproterozoic ductile structure, the Nam Shear Zone, and that the location, orientation and segmentation of the scarp is controlled by the alignment of pre-existing structurally weak zones with the present-day stress regime. The fault has undergone repeated brittle reactivation, accumulating ∼ 110 m of vertical offset since the deposition of the Ediacaran-to-Cambrian Nama Group. This is less than expected from global compilations of total displacement and fault length data, suggesting that the fault rapidly attained its current length by recruiting an existing weak zone and is expected to accumulate displacement at a relatively constant length in the future.


A new type of section steel concrete frame-bent hybrid structure is applied to a large capacity power plant in high intensity seismic region for replacing RC frame-bent structure and steel-bracing-steel-bent structure.The pseudo-dynamic test of a 1/7 scale model with two spans and three bays has been performed based on the prototype structure of main building in 1000MW power plant.The studied contents include developing law of crack,damage mechanism,hysteretic characteristic,deformation property and coordinated working performance of the structure under horizontal earthquakes.Experimental results show that the structure does not crack under 0.1g earthquake acceleration,and does not collapse under 0.4g acceleration ground motion input;the most elastic-plastic story drift angle is 1/95;the design shear of the bent structure should not be less than 7% of the total base shear.


Abstract 2 scales of involvement in absorbing experiences, developed independently by Tellegen (1976) and Swanson (1978), were compared with each other and with a group version of the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (Weitzenhoffer & Hilgard, 1962). Significantly positive correlations were obtained for all three comparisons. The results further confirm the relationship between hypnotic susceptibility and absorption, providing new evidence for the existence of stable individual differences in hypnotizability.


Reading teaching is a holistic learning behavior,not only from a aspects interpretation,deal with a variety of reading way optimized combination,form multicultural a three-dimensional reading class teaching,specific tell should do: human spirit and reading skills of optimum combination;Content and form of optimum combination;The teachers effectively guide and student's independent of the experience of the optimized combination


We present an Yb: YAG thin-disk oscillator providing a tunable linewidth of 50-pm via VBG-based feedback. Output powers of up to 2 W have been recorded while maintaining an excellent spatial profile.Volume Bragg gratings


The year 2005 speaker recognition evaluation is part of an ongoing series of yearly evaluations conducted by NIST. These evaluations are an important contribution to the direction of research efforts and the calibration of technical capabilities. They are intended to be of interest to all researchers working on the general problem of text independent speaker recognition. To this end the evaluation is designed to be simple, to focus on core technology issues, to be fully supported, and to be accessible to those wishing to participate.


The main goal of this thesis will be the design and implementation of a 2048-point FFT on an FPGA through the use of VHDL code. The FFTwill use a butterfly Radix-2 architecture with focus on the comparison of the parameters between the system with different Worlengths, Coefficient Wordlengths and Symbol Error rates as well as different modulation types, comparing 64QAM and 256QAM for the 5G system. This implementation will replace an FFT function block in a Matlab based open source 5G NR simulator based on the 3GPP 15 standard and simulate spectrum, MSE payload, and SER performance.


During the construction of traditional project, groundwater of dewatering is always discharged into municipal waste pipe, water resource is wasted. This paper introduced an independent innovative technique of groundwater reuse, that is to establish the storage reservoir for fire demand and the fire pump, put groundwater together to reclaim it, then pump the water to the local water point, so that the fire control, fall dust, vehicle cleaning, toilet flushing, structural construction, and fitment construction can use the reclaimed groundwater during the construction. Which reduced engineering cost and saved water resource, can be used as a source of reference for other construction projects having a demand of dewatering.


ABSTRACT This study proposes a genetic algorithm based algorithm for assigning freshmen's dormitory rooms according to five living habits and preferences. In the proposed genetic algorithm, we used a locally exhaustive crossover method to avoid divergence results, and then got better fitness values for this dormitory assignment problem. In addition, we used a half-half selection strategy to reduce the time consumption during the iteration procedure. Experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithm could have acceptable performances with reasonable computational time. In addition, two counterpart methods were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm: a simulated annealing method and a random assignment method. The comparative results have also shown that 1) the execution time of the proposed algorithm was significantly less that of the simulated annealing method; 2) the fitness value of the proposed algorithm was significantly less than that of the random assignment method; 3) the fitness value of the proposed algorithm is almost the same as that of the simulated annealing method; 4) the proposed algorithm is stable to repeated executions; 5) the proposed algorithm is still suitable even when the capacities (beds) of rooms are different.


Commercially available potato starch, sweet potato starch, mung bean starch, and corn starch were used as controls to investigate the granule morphology, amylose and amylopectin content, gelatinization property, freeze-thaw stability, and gel texture of the starch obtained from Quercus variabilis Bl. acorn grown in the Qinba mountain area. These properties were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Rapid Visco Analyzer(RVA), and texture profile analysis(TPA). The results showed that the granules of Quercus variabilis Bl. acorn starches were kidney-, triangular-, oval-, and sphere-shaped, respectively, with an average particle size of 9.4 μm, which is smaller than that of the control starches. The gelatinization temperature of the acorn starch was 71.23 ℃ and the viscosity of gelatinized acorn starch was higher than that of corn starch and lower than that of potato, mung bean, or sweet potato starches. The hot-paste stability of acorn starch was higher than that of sweet potato, mung bean, or potato starches, and lower than that of corn starch. The retrogradation rate of acorn starch was higher than that of potato, corn, and sweet potato starches, and lower than that of mung bean starch. The freeze-thaw stability of acorn starch paste was higher than that of potato starch and lower than that of mung bean, corn, or sweet potato starches. At the same starch concentration, the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of the acorn starch gel were lower than those of mung bean starch and higher than those of corn, potato, and sweet potato starches. The springiness of the acorn starch gel was higher than that of potato starch, lower than that of sweet potato starch, and the same as that of corn and mung bean starches. The cohesiveness and resilience of acorn starch gel were higher than those of control starches. Therefore, the starch from Quercus variabilis Bl. corn is suitable to be used as auxiliary material for quality improvement in starch-based gel foods including noodles, vermicelli, glass noodles, and jelly, and as a stabilizer in sugar and baking industry. This starch, however, is not suitable for frozen foods.


A beam processing system, such as a focused ion beam or an electron beam system, addressing an arbitrary series of points and receives data from the points in real time. The data can be used to image or to alter the processing, even within a single dwell period, thereby allowing closed feedback loop for processing. A delay calculator automatically determines the delay between instructing the system to move the beam and detecting a signal from the work piece surface so that the detector signal can be matched with the location on the work piece at which the signal was generated.


IT HAS BEEN OBSERVED THAT WHERE OLD CONCRETE PAVEMENTS HAVE BEEN RESURFACED WITH ASPHALTIC CONCRETE MANY OF THE CRACKS AND JOINTS IN THE OLD PAVEMENT REAPPEAR AS CRACKS IN THE ASPHALT SURFACE. THESE ARE COMMONLY CALLED REFLECTION CRACKS. USUALLY SUCH CRACKS APPEAR IN THE RESURFACING DURING THE FIRST FEW YEARS OF SERVICE. IN THEMSELVES THE CRACKS PRESENT A MAINTENANCE PROBLEM; POTENTIALLY, THEY ARE THE STARTING POINT FOR DESTRUCTIVE FORCES WHICH CAN MATERIALLY SHORTEN THE SERVICE LIFE OF THE RESURFACING. THIS INVESTIGATION OF REFLECTION CRACKS IN ASPHALT SURFACES WAS BEGUN IN IOWA IN 1948. AT THAT TIME THREE TEST SECTIONS WERE ESTABLISHED TO PROVIDE INFORMATION CONCERNING THE GROWTH OF REFLECTION CRACKING AND ITS EFFECT ON THE SERVICE LIFE OF THE RESURFACING. IN 1949 ADDITIONAL TEST SECTIONS WERE ESTABLISHED FOR THE PURPOSE OF EVALUATING SEVERAL METHODS OF TREATING CRACKS IN THE CONCRETE BEFORE RESURFACING. /AUTHOR/


ABSTRACT: The compound 2,4,6-trichloroborazine (TCB) is known as a valuable precursor to prepare boron nitride and various derivatives of borazine. Difficulties in the preparation of TCB via conventional methods on the one hand, and its importance for the material science, on the other hand, were our motivation to modify the Brown's method for TCB synthesis. So far, all reports on the synthesis procedure of TCB are based on the use of gaseous BCl3 with NH4Cl powder at 110-130 °C in chlorobenzene requiring complicated low-temperature equipment such as a cold finger condenser, and dry ice-acetone reflux condenser to retain BCl3 gas in the reaction flask. According to our study, using BCl3 solution in n-hexane was more convenient than using gaseous BCl3. The reaction of BCl3 solution with NH4Cl was carried out without loss of BCl3. Furthermore, the reduction in the reflux temperature from 130 °C in some previous studies to 86 °C in our study, was a valuable advantage, leading to the release of the coordinated BCl3 from the adduct complex [CH3CN·BCl3] gradually and the prevention of thermal decomposition of TCB, unwanted polymerization reactions and the formation of undesirable products, resulting in the increased reaction yield. TCB was fully characterized by ATR-FTIR, 11B-, 14N- and 1H-NMR spectroscopic methods. 1H-NMR spectra of TCB were performed for the first time at various temperatures to elucidate the quadrupolar effect of nitrogen, which led to evaluate the splitting of the proton resonance of the 14N-H bond by coupling with the 14N quadrupole nucleus. The broad peak observed at room temperature was clearly split into a triplet at 100 °C due to the long TqN and fast molecular motion of TCB molecules. The 14N-NMR spectrum was also shown for the first time as a broad signal at δ = –271.3 ppm (h1/2 = 186 Hz).


Measurements of the elasticity curve for aluminum multicrystals were made on samples of 99.5% and 99.99% purity and with particle sizes from 0.05 to 5 mm. The curve obtained shows two distinct regions. In the first region the solidification curve is almost linear, and the expansion is greater at low temperatures than at high. Also it is greater for coarse particles than for fine particles. In the second region the rise of the solidification curve decreases with increasing deformation. It is strongly temperature dependent and independent of the particle size. The results suggest that it would not be possible to describe the total solidification mechanism by a single mathematical function. It is probable that the calculation of the multicrystal curve from the single crystal curve must be done by different methods for the two multicrystal regions. (J.S.R.)


Intraoperative neurоphysiological brainstem mapping (BSM) of the floor of the forth ventricle is proposed as a method for improving intraoperative orientation and safety in brainstem surgery. Its role in brainstem surgery, however, is not unequivocally determined by randomized controlled studies. The aim of our study is to evaluate the contribution of the method of brainstem mapping in improving intraoperative orientation. We propose original methodology consisting of comparison of schematic representations of the position of the basic motor nuclei (facial, hypoglossal) in relation to the pathological process before and after BSM. Additionally a single-question questionnaire aims to study the subjective surgeon's impression in each surgical case. Our material included 3 patients with intraaxial brainstem lesions and 3 patients with tumors secondarily engaging the brainstem. Comparison of the schematic representations of motor nuclei based on anatomical and neurophysiological mapping showed differences in 3 of 6 cases (50%). In the other 3 cases neurophysiological mapping had a confirming role. The method was subjectively evaluated by the leading surgeon like "carrying additional intraoperative information" in 3 (50%), "useful – confirming anatomical orientation" in 2 (33%) and "not influencing surgery" in 1 (17%) of cases. BSM is irreplaceable method for surgical orientation in brainstem surgery. It modifies surgical strategy in most of our cases and is a prerequisite for better clinical results.


The metastable pitting characteristics of Ni/Ti alloy in phosphate buffer solution(PBS) was studied by electrochemical methods.Polarization experiments showed that the Ni/Ti alloy had good capabilities of corrosion resistance and passivation in PBS.During polarization,the number of metastable pits and the peak current increased with increasing potential.With increasing the temperature,the values of Ehcorr,Em and Eb were lowered,and the number of metastable pits decreased.The EIS experiments showed that EIS arc was a capacitive reactance and the impedance modulus was large when the potential was less than the pitting potential of Ni/Ti alloy.With the increase of potential,the impedance modulus decreased.But when the potential was over the pitting potential,the corrosion products overflowed from the small holes and the electrochemical process was controlled by the concentration instead of activation.Deep pits in the Ni/Ti alloy were observed after the polarization experiments.


This paper focuses on the fault-tolerant control (FTC) problem for an electric power steering (EPS) system subjected to stochastic sensor failures, and a novel fault-tolerant controller is proposed based on the genetic algorithm (GA). A mathematical model of the EPS system with sensor failures is first established, and the state feedback control law is solved by using linear quadratic regulator techniques to stabilize the closed-loop control system. Then, the dynamic response errors of the EPS system with and without sensor faults are chosen as the optimization objective function. Furthermore, the appropriate weighting matrices are evaluated to obtain the optimal fault control law by using GA. Finally, simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.


Under this Agreement, NREL will work with Participant to improve rotating shadowband radiometer (RSR) performance characterizations. This work includes, but is not limited to, research and development for making the RSR a more accurate and fully characterized instrument for solar power technology development and commercial solar power project site assessment. Cooperative R&D is proposed in three areas: instrument calibration, instrument field configuration and operation, and measurement extrapolation and interpolation using satellite images. This work will be conducted at NREL and Participant facilities.


• The aim of this paper is to discuss the presence of the Taylor property in the class of simple bilinear models. Considering strictly and weakly stationary models, we deduce autocorrelations of the process and of its square and analyze the presence of the Taylor property in non-negative bilinear models considering several error process distributions, which are chosen according to the kurtosis value. For each one of these error process distributions, the class of parameterizations for the corresponding bilinear model satisfying Taylor property is obtained. The analysis of the relationship between the Taylor property and leptokurtosis in these bilinear processes allows to conclude that this property is a consequence of heavy tailed model distributions. With the goal of extending this research to real valued bilinear models, a simulation study is developed in a class of such models with symmetrical innovations. Key-Words: • bilinear models; nonlinear time series; stationarity; Taylor property. AMS Subject Classification: • 62M10. 208 E. Gonçalves, C.M. Martins and N. Mendes-Lopes The Taylor Property in Bilinear Models 209


: Background. The purpose of this study was to test whether nutritional status of patients with head and neck cancer changes during and after treatment. Methods. Nutritional status (including body weight, lean mass, and fat mass) and dietary intake were assessed in 29 patients with head and neck cancer. Patients were assessed 1 week before, and 1 and 4 months after treatment (radiotherapy, either alone or combined with chemotherapy or surgery). Results. During treatment, body weight ( (cid:1) 3.6 (cid:2) 5.3 kg; p ¼ .019) and lean mass ( (cid:1) 2.43 (cid:2) 2.81 kg; p ¼ .001) significantly declined. Patients with sufficient intake ( (cid:3) 35 kcal and (cid:3) 1.5 grams protein/kg body weight) lost less body weight and lean mass than patients with insufficient intake (mean differ- ence, (cid:1) 4.0 (cid:2) 1.9 kg; p ¼ 0.048 and (cid:1) 2.1 (cid:2) 1.0 kg; p ¼ .054, respectively). After treatment, only patients with sufficient intake gained body weight (2.3 (cid:2) 2.3 kg) and lean mass (1.2 (cid:2) 1.3 kg). Conclusion. Patients with head and neck cancer fail to maintain or improve nutritional status during treatment, despite sufficient intake. 863–870,


Based on the production of baking bread, rolls, cake, beer or Chinese steamed bread, a novel microorganism inspired macro/super-porous hydrogel composed of specific polymers and single-celled fungi, yeast, was prepared by the production of carbon dioxide (CO2) via a fermentation method. The appearance, porous structure, swelling behavior and adsorption properties of the resulting hydrogels were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV/Vis spectroscopy and gravimetric methods. The resultant hydrogel presents a yellowish brown color similar to that of ale yeast, and the integration of polymeric materials and fungi has significantly improved the pore shape/size, swelling and adsorption properties of the hydrogels. Both super- and macro-pores with diameters ranging from 1 mm to 5 μm exist in the hierarchical matrix of the hydrogels. The super/macro-porous hydrogels can absorb water very rapidly and swell to an equilibrium state in less than 60 min. With increasing consumption of yeast or sugar, the adsorption capacity (Qt) of hydrogels can be increased by 1.39–1.87 times. After adsorbing cationic dye crystal violet (CV), pores of the hydrogel matrix were blocked and a dense layer was formed. By using same fermentation method porous fibers, elastomers, ceramics and metals could be obtained, which might have potential applications in the fields of cell culture, catalytic substrates, chemical separation and battery electrodes.


Using the functor of points, we prove that the Wess-Zumino equations for massive chiral superfields in dimension 4|4 can be represented by supersymmetric equations in terms of superfunctions in the Berezin-Kostant-Leites sense (involving ordinary fields, with real and complex valued components). Then, after introducing an appropriate supersymmetric extension of the Fourier transform, we prove explicitly that these supersymmetric equations provide a realization of the irreducible unitary representations with positive mass and zero superspin of the super Poincaré group in dimension 4|4.


The traditional Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) interest rate model follows a stochastic differential equation that cannot obtain the closed solution while the uncertain CIR interest rate model is an uncertain differential equation. First, this paper gives the solution in terms of the distribution of the uncertain CIR interest rate model based on uncertainty theory. Second, the pricing formulas of vulnerable European call option and vulnerable European put option are obtained by using the uncertain CIR interest rate model. Finally, according to the proposed pricing formula, the corresponding numerical algorithms are designed and several numerical examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. Our results not only enrich the option pricing theory, but they also have a certain guiding significance for the derivatives market.


the physician-patient relationship from the patient's perspective. He found that pa tients want a competent physician who treats them with dignity and respect. Patients want to under stand their sickness and how it will affect their lives. They want their physician to focus on their pain, physical discomfort, and functional disabili ties. They are looking for a close, personal, ongo ing relationship with a physician who cares about them and about what happens to them and their family. \Vhat these patients are looking for sounds very much like a family physician. Delbanco's findings emphasize that we physi cians need to reassess, reaffirm, and revitalize the physician-patient relationship and its centrality. I have learned a great deal from my patients during my years in practice; many patients have them selves exhibited qualities that would serve to en hance the physician-patient relationship. Several case histories illustrate five qualities that I believe are essential elements for any successful physi cian-patient relationship: integrity, positivism, mutuality, constancy, and spirituality.


The reason for choosing this project is to reduce the cost involved as well as reduction in overall time and distance and thereby enhancing the shortest pathway possible to be produced in terms of using proposed Fuzzy logic guided genetic algorithm (FLGA) method to calculate the optimal value, so that we can produce better results in finding a logical and better coherent shortest pathway generation and having proper and efficient scalable index on road networks in solving real-world problems. These days everybody is using location based services to find the possible paths and by using Google maps, we will show the best optimal path amongst the other possible paths. This project deals specifically with the vehicle routing optimization. Since the overall traveled time is not restricted or confined always with regards to a time window constraint, the intention in making this project consists not only the cost involved due to the overall traveled distance, but also the cost involved due to the overall travelling time.


Objective To investigate the clinical effect of absorbable screw fiation in the treatment of fracture of medial malleolus. Methods The clinical effects of 25 cases of fracture of medial malleolus treated by absorbable screw fixation were retrospectively analyzed. Results All 25 cases of fracture healed, and ankle joint function was good. Conclusion Absorbable screw fixation in the treatment of fracture of medial malleolus has clear curative effect without reoperation.


The mobile sources emission inventory was updated for Bogota city. Emission factors were deter- minate by means of a novel field campaign not performed before in any other Colombian urban center. More than 200 direct emission measurements from vehicle exhausts under real conditions were performed. Real-time in- struments were used for on-road measurements. Monitored vehicles were powered with gasoline, ACPM and natural gas. According to these results, mobile sources of Bogota annually emit: 4,800,000 tons of CO2; 450,000 tons of CO; 30,000 tons of NOx; 60,000 tons of THC and 1,100 tons of PM2.5. For CO, THC and NOx, vehicles equipped with tree-way catalysts exhibited much lower emissions than those lacking such a technology. In gener- al, vehicles with larger engines exhibited higher emissions than those vehicles with smaller engines. Additional measurements were performed on dual vehicles (gasoline - natural gas). These results suggest there is no envi- ronmental benefit in regards of the reduction of pollutant emissions, when a vehicle is transformed from gasoline to natural gas. In addition, tests were developed to asses PM emissions reduction while vehicles powered with conven- tional ACPM and then with low sulfur ACPM. Reductions of PM emissions up to 60% were found.


ABSTRACT Abundant waste is being generated in the demolition or renovation in the construction industry. Improper disposal of this waste creates environmental concern as they form huge landfills without proper use. This study examined the fresh, hardened, durability, and microstructural analysis of self-compacting concrete made with recycled aggregates (RA) and marble waste as a 10–30% granite substitute. Slump flow test, T50cm test, V-funnel test, and L-box test were conducted on the fresh concrete. Compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, microstructural properties, and carbonation of the hardened concrete were determined. The physical tests revealed that though the recycled aggregates and marble waste do not have properties as good as the natural coarse aggregates, recycled aggregates were observed to exhibit a better strength than marble waste. SCC with marble waste had better fresh state properties than those with recycled aggregates. SCC with recycled aggregates had better-hardened state properties than those with marble waste. It can be inferred from the microstructural analysis that the utilisation of partial granite replacement improved the interaction between the concrete constituents. However, the sample with recycled aggregate was still better than that with marble waste in this regard.


A pseudoization technique is developed which is independent of the kind of mixing rules used for characterizing the parameters of the equations of state. This technique uses a pseudobinary representation to evaluate a lumping parameter which accounts for the mixture-like character of the pseudocomponent. This is to reduce original mixture characterization tci a minimum number of components. The method is versatile and can be used to tune the equation of state to any laboratory PVT data. The validity of the technique is demonstrated by several sample calculations such as phase split isotherms and phase envelopes of a gas condensate and other reservoir oils. The pseudoternary diagram representation of solvent-oil systems are predicted and they are shown to be in agreement with the original mixture characterization. Accuracy of prediction of such pseudoternary diagrams, which are widely used in vaporizing-gas-drive enhanced oil recovery processes, is demonstrated as a further test of the proposed method. INTRODUCTION The computational efficiency and cost of simulation of processes involving complex fossil fuels (petroleum, coal-liquids, etc.) using equations of state depend a great deal on the number of components (real and pseudocomponents) chosen to describe the fluid under study. In general the number of components necessary to describe such complex fluids is higher than ten. The computer capacity of storage and computat10n time increase considerably with the increase in the number of components. Several methods have been reported to characterize pseudocomponents and heavy-end fractions (Hong 1982; Mehra et al. 1982; Withson 1983; Gonzalez et al. 1986; Wu and Batycky 1986). Most of these methods are based on arbitrary mixing rules and empirical pseudoization techniques where the pseudocomponents are treated as pure components. None of the methods-proposed to date seem to offer an advantage over the other available techniques. More recently, a semi-empirical concept has been proposed to account for the mixture-like character of the pseudocomponent (Schlijper 1986). This concept has brought about improvement in describing phase behavior of complex fluids. In the present report, a new technique is presented that uses a nonlinear regression-based phase behavior program to characterize pseudocomponents. The method takes into consideration the effect of 57 "C7+ Fraction Characterization" L.G. Chorn and G.A. Mansoori (Ed's). ADVANCES IN THERMODYNAMICS Series, Taylor & Francis, Volume 1, Pages 57-78, May 1, 1989. temperature in calculating the lumping parameters by adjusting critical properties of the pseudocomponents evaluated from mixing rules. In the second Si!Ction of this report a review of the available methods for evaluating the properties of pseudocomponents is presented. In the third section an algorithm for the evaluation of the lumping parameters and the pseudobinary interaction parameters is described. Finally, in the fourth section computational results are presented for a synthetic oil mixture, a gas condensate system, and a reservoir oil. PSEUDOCOMPONENTPROPERTIES In lumping components into pseudocomponents to represent a complex many component fluid one can use mixing rules to determme the pseudocomponent properties for substitution into the equation of state. These properties include critical temperature (Tc), critical pressure (Pc), critical volume (V c), critical compressibilty factor (Zc), acentric factor ( w), molecular weight (MW), and binary interaction parameters (k ij )There are numerous sets of mixing rules available in the literature to characterize pseudocomponents. Kay's rules (Kay 1938) are the simplest form of mixing rules by which the pseudocomponent properties are obtained by summing the products of the component properties and a weighting factor which is usually the relative molar fract10n for the group of components used in a pseudocomponent,


Little is known about the clinical use of intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) of esophageal cancer; therefore, we retrospectively investigated the clinical value of postoperative IMRT among resected thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC) patients.


We present methods for evaluating bifurcation diagrams that were reconstructed from time series generated by the system of interest at different fixed parameter values. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


A fully integrated partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) read/write IC with analog adaptive equalization operates up to 200 MSample/s. The chip implements both matched spectral null (MSN) trellis and standard PR4 Viterbi detectors in the digital domain as well as digital servo. The device is integrated in a mature 0.7-/spl mu/m BiCMOS technology, has a die size of 54 mm/sup 2/, and dissipates 2 W with MSN code or 1.5 W with PR4 code at 4.5-V supply and 200 MSample/s.


The full effect is indicated by the divergence of CPI annual growth rates between the UK and the Eurozone a year after the referendum. This divergence in consumer price inflation partly reverses the convergence in price changes that occurred in the single market, when price dispersion of tradable goods started to converge to levels seen across US cities by the mid-1990s (Rogers, 2001). LSE Brexit: The Brexit vote has caused a significant rise in prices, especially food Page 1 of 4


Phenomenology and LawMacbeth 's murder of Duncan is a sensible crime, not because it's practical or judicious (it's neither), but because it's born of the senses and experienced as sensation. This is not to say that Macbeth does not thin\ himself into the criminal event, but that the thinking he does he does with his body. Macbeth presents criminal thoughts not as ontologically distinct products of the intellect or soul, but as secretions of the senses, properties of active receptive bodies moving through a world of things. Focusing on the dagger scene in act 2, scene 1, this essay shows how criminality becomes a field for phenomenological speculation in the play. Macbeth 's experience of criminal becoming is characterized by what Bruce Smith calls "a relational way of knowing," one in which murderous thoughts are shaped by physical, sensual interaction with the objects of the material world.1 For Macbeth, then, being criminal might more accurately be described as feeling criminal. Criminality is less a state of being than "a unit of experience,"2 a process involving both ideas and things in a way that forces us to abandon the mutually exclusive categories of subject and object.Criminality was a career-long preoccupation for Shakespeare, and his approach to the topic varied from play to play, from poem to poem, and even within individual plays or poems. Still, one can identify a marked tendency in his writing to seek criminality beyond the flesh. In The Rape of Lucrece, it is "some untimely thought did instigate" Tarquin's "all too timeless speed" (11.43-44) towards the woman he would violate. Richard Duke of Gloucester is from the very outset oi Richard III defined as someone whose criminality originates within, at the level of thoughts, someone who is malicious to the core and who understands, moreover, the inner reaches of the self to be not only a source of crime, but also a place of concealment: "Dive, thoughts, down to my soul" (1.1.41), he says as Clarence approaches. Angelo, in Measure for Measure, begins the play with a strikingly positivist approach to crime: "What's open made to justice, / That justice seizes" (2.1.21-22, emphasis added), he admonishes Escalus. But it is not long before Isabella directs him to his "bosom," his "heart," for signs of his own "natural guiltiness" (2.2.137, 138, 139), and it is, indeed, from within that his first pangs of illicit lust for Isabella eventually emerge. Othello quite literally seeks criminality beyond the flesh, seizing Desdemona and gazing into her eyes - the window to her soul - in a bid to glimpse the canker of disobedience that he feels convinced must be lodged within her (4.2.25-30). Macbeth may initially strike us as consistent with these earlier plays and poems. To be sure, Macbeth teaches us not only that power corrupts, but also that knowledge corrupts: bad thoughts lead to bad deeds. The murder of Duncan finds its source in Macbeth 's acquisition of eerily untimely knowledge from the witches: "All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be King hereafter" (1.3.50). And when he hisses despairingly to Lady Macbeth, "O, full of scorpions is my mind, dear wife" (3.2.36), he is referring not only to the guilt and paranoia that has seized hold of him since the murder, but also to those corrupting seeds of knowledge from which his malice (first towards Duncan and now towards Banquo and Fleance) originally sprung.More pervasive in Macbeth, though, is an account of criminality that cannot be described adequately through rigid dichotomies of mind and body or mens rea (guilty mind) and actus reus (guilty act).3 Similar to the way theorists of the passions in Renaissance Europe relied on a psychophysiology that blurred the boundaries between inner and outer,4 Shakespeare imagines crime in Macbeth not in sequential terms (first I think, then I do), but in terms of a fluid, phenomenological exchange between mind and matter to the extent that criminal thoughts and criminal acts are often difficult to distinguish. …


The core value system of socialism is the basis and direction of advanced culture's construction.Thec onstruction of advanced culture's core is to achieve socialism core value system's popularization,improve thew hole nation's overall cultural level.At the same time in the culture construction it should guide various socialt houghts by the system of socialist core values actively.The function of ideology innovation can then materialize.


Gannan yaks was crossed by the Chinese Red steppes,the result showed: Chinese Red Steppes had the well adaptability in Gannan and can natural mate Gannan yaks,the reproductive survival rate was 46.99%,it was raised 10.84% by the reduction of using artificial insemination in Holstein Dairy Cow,and raised 6.99% with local yellow cattle crossing Gannan yaks.Red steppe-yak had the significant heterosis,the birth weight was high,the weight of male and female were 21.41 kg and 20.52 kg respectively,it was higher than Gannan yaks with 8.20 kg and 7.33 kg respectively,and had significant improved 6.06 kg and 5.55 kg respectively(P0.01) with local cattle-yak.The growth performance was well,in 18th month,the weight of male and female were 184.43kg and 178.67kg,raising 62.76kg and 61.0kg comparing with Gannan yaks and raised 52.94kg and 52.68kg(p0.01)comparing with local cattle-yak respectively.The heterosis was 6.99%.The suggestion was using Chinese Red Steppes to cross and improve Gannan yaks in Gannan and measure the growth performance of Red steppe-yak.


Abstract This article examines the integration of computers into the management curriculum. Results from a survey of 228 universities show that many schools possess the technology but are not incorporating it into the classroom. Schools not accredited by the AACSB tended to have a higher level of integration than did AACSB-accredited schools.


A package for formatting algebraic expressions in Macsyma 1 is described. It provides facilities for user-directed hierarchical structuring of expressions, as well as for directing simpliications to selected subexpres-sions. It emphasizes a semantic rather than syntactic description of the desired form. The package also provides utilities for obtaining eeciently the coeecients of polynomials, trigonometric sums and power series. Similar capabilities would be useful in other computer algebra systems.


Provided is a PC circular foundation of a street lamp capable of completing a grounding work by only being inserted into an excavation hole. The PC circular foundation of a street lamp supports a street lamp post to vertically erect on the ground by having an anchor bolt inserted into a hole of a plate welded to the bottom of the street lamp post and then coupled by a nut. The PC circular foundation of a street lamp forming in the outside is inserted into the excavation hole formed on the ground. A conductive concrete grounding layer is installed on the bottom of the PC circular foundation of a street lamp. At least one foundation reinforcing bar is inserted into the PC circular foundation of a street lamp. The front end of the foundation reinforcing bar is connected with the anchor bolt and the other end thereof is connected with the conductive concrete grounding layer. The conductive concrete grounding layer is electrically connected with the anchor bolt around which a grounding wire is bound.


The traces of computer use include the operation records and criminal evidence of computer users. Extracting and recovering these data is an important part of the computer investigation and verification process. Based on the analysis of Windows Platform file system, a network trace recovery algorithm based on the minimum content feature is proposed, which is used to recover and extract the online records of computer users. This algorithm is based on the characteristics of the smallest element content source of index.dat file, how to match the network information and decide whether to extract. The experimental results show that all the remaining data can be recovered, USCIS can be set immediately, then split, split or re install the system, and the field of computer information forensics can play a huge role.


The high-precision determination of microwave radiation parameters may be based on measurements of the spectral characteristics of radiation transitions between the Rydberg states of atoms. Frequencies and matrix elements are calculated for dipole transitions from even-parity nS1/2 and nD5/2 to odd-parity n′P3/2 and n′F7/2 (where n′ = n, n ± 1, n ± 2) for the Rydberg states of alkali-metal atoms. The matrix elements determine the splitting of Rydberg-state energy levels in the field of a resonance microwave (μw) radiation, which results in the splitting of the resonance in electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT). Numerical computations based on the single-electron quantum defect method (QDM) and the Fues' model potential (FMP) approach with the use of the most reliable data of the current literature on quantum defect values were performed for the 2S, 2P, 2D and 2F series of the Rydberg states of Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs atoms. The calculated data were approximated by quadratic polynomials of the principal quantum number. The polynomial coefficients were determined with the use of a standard curve-fitting interpolation polynomial procedure for numerically presented functions. The approximation equations may be used for the accurate evaluation of the frequencies and matrix elements of μw transitions in wide ranges of the Rydberg-state quantum numbers n >> 1.


By classical British theory of Parliamentary sovereignty,the British Parliament holds supreme power of legislature to which the British courts are obliged to be subject without any right to question,and the acts passed by the Parliament could be revised or waived by any act passed later.Since Britain entered the European Community,however,this theory has been challenged by the principles of the EU laws supremacy and their direct effects,which led to a lasting legal dispute about whether the EU laws are superior to the British Parliament's acts or the reverse is true.This dispute reached the climax around the controversial views of "revolution" and "construction" about the Factortame Case.Actually,the revolution has already happened once Britain entered the EU due to the fact that the classical Parliamentary theory conflicts with the principles of the EU laws,but this revolution is limited and does not fluctuate the status of British constitutional sovereignty.


The paper addresses preferential trade agreements in Asia and the Pacific with the objective of identifying their characteristics, which can be useful in assessing the effects of their implementation. The paper relies mostly on the Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Agreement Database (APTIAD) in sourcing data and information for analysis. On 26 February 2007 APTIAD was tracking 125 preferential trade agreements one party of which was a member of ESCAP. Eighty seven of those agreements of various types are in force, 62 of them being bilateral agreements, 11 regional trade agreements (RTAs), and 11 agreements between country and bloc (the residual is made up of agreements of different scope, e.g. global, and country-plurilateral, etc.). The paper utilizes factual information on membership and coverage of agreements as well as statistical data on goods trade flows in discussing selected important aspects of preferential trade in Asia and the Pacific. (a) the rapid proliferation of preferential trade and revealed preference for bilateral links; (b) strong tolerance for an engagement in multiple trade agreements with the same trading partner; and (c) reluctance to commit to full and quick liberalization in merchandise trade, and expose other trade areas apart from goods to preferential liberalization. Penultimate section discusses ways in which PTAs could be harnessed to work as complementary with the multilateral trade regime. Paper offers some policy recommendations in area of preferential trade negotiation.


This article derives conditions under which a sequence of random set functions on subsets of a finite-dimensional space constructed in terms of increasing sums of dependent nonnegative random variables converges (in the sense of convergence of finite-dimensional distributions) to a random set function with independent increments which have infinitely divisible distributions. The results obtained are applied to the problem of the number of long repetitions in a sequence of trials. Bibliography: 4 items.


We test the possible deviation of the cosmic distance duality relation D_A(z)(1 + z)^2/D_L(z) ≡ 1 using the standard candles/rulers in a fully model-independent manner. Type Ia supernovae are used as the standard candles to derive the luminosity distance D_L(z), and ultracompact radio sources are used as the standard rulers to obtain the angular diameter distance D_A(z). We write the deviation of distance duality relation as D_A(z)(1 + z)^2/D_L(z) = η(z). Specifically, we use two parametrizations of η(z), i.e. η_1(z) = 1 + η_0z and η_2(z) = 1 + η_0z/(1 + z). The parameter η_0 is obtained using the Markov chain Monte Carlo methods by comparing D_L(z) and D_A(z) at the same redshift. The best-fitting results are η_0 = −0.06 ± 0.05 and −0.18 ± 0.16 for the first and second parametrizations, respectively. Our results depend on neither the cosmological models nor the matter contents or the curvature of the Universe.


We review recent advances in the theoretical understanding of electric charge quantization in the Standard Model and some of its extensions. We discuss the roles played by classical constraints, gauge and mixed gauge-gravitational anomaly-cancellation and the demand of vector-like electromagnetic interactions. An attempt is made to clearly explain and contrast the points of view of various authors.


Purpose – To review guidance on the identification and management of meningococcal disease, with particular reference to primary care. To advise on appropriate strategies for training and professional development in this area for primary care teams. To give an overview of common sources of error in this area of practice, based on cases handled by The Medical Protection Society (MPS) and lessons gleaned from current guidance.Design/methodology/approach – A review of guidance on appropriate approaches to primary care management of this illness and cases of legal claim or complaint handled by MPS.Findings – Common deficiencies and sources of error in the management of meningococcal disease are discussed and elucidated and strategies suggested to avoid their repetition.Practical implications – General advice is given on clinical approaches to meningococcal disease in primary care, and on the documentation of relevant features in the clinical record.Originality/value – This paper highlights simple risk‐managem...


"The astonishment is not unromplimentary to you; it is
chiefly on account of the fact that I had no idea that theUniversity
of Pemsylvania ever had appointed or would appoint a woman to a major
position."


Cite this article: Obalase S B, Joseph U E. Knowledge, Attitude and Acceptance of Modern Family Planning Method Among Women Attending Post–Natal Clinic in Ayeka Basic Health Centre in Okitipupa Local Government Area, Ondo State, Nigeria. Biomed J Sci&Tech Res 1(4)2017. BJSTR.MS.ID.000361. DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2017.01.000361 ISSN: 2574-1241 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2017.01.000361 Obalase Stephen Babatunde. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res


The chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) dummy fill method is commonly used for the planarization of the CMP process, resulting in the development of many automated methods. We propose a dummy fill method using a generative adversarial network (GAN) that improves the existing dummy fill methods in terms of the uniformity of metal density and timing of critical nets. The dummy patterns created were similar to those of existing methods. However, the GAN dummy fill method applies additional optimizations to make the CMP dummy fill pattern efficient. The method learns by adding density and parasitic capacitance to the loss function of the GAN. Compared to dummy patterns generated from commercial tools, dummy patterns generated from GAN-dummy fill reduced the negative timing slack due to parasitic capacitance by up to 45%.


nating convergent squint. There is no abnormality in the anterior chamber in either eye and both lenses are clear. The right eye is myopic. There are a few opacities in the anterior vitreous but it was possible to obtain a clear view of the fundus. Apart from a slight myopic crescent round the optic disc no abnormality was seen. The left eye is hypermetropic, but apart from one large opacity in the anterior vitreous just behind the lens, the ocular media were perfectly clear and I was unable to detect any abnormality in the fundus. The infant was slightly retarded in neuromuscular development but at the age of 10 months he could sit unsupported and used his hands well. His vision was steadily improving: he could follow lights and bright objects (well to the left-not so well to the right), and reached out to touch objects in a manner quite normal for his age.


Superdirective line arrays can provide high gains relative to their dimensions, whenever the inter‐element spacing is much less than half a wavelength. However, their performance can be degraded by system noise. System noise can result from limitations in electronic components, inter‐element mismatch in gain or phase, or from scatter from array components. Using state‐of‐the‐art electronics and digital signal processing one can drastically reduce the errors due to electronic noise as well as those due to gain and phase mismatch. Thus, acoustic scatter from the array components can determine the performance limit. Since theoretical developments typically assume plane waves incident on idealized point receivers, it is not all that surprising that array performance fails to meet theoretical expectations! This is especially true if the array is merely one component within a much larger system. Nonetheless, impressive gains can still be realized from superdirective arrays even with significant departures from ...


Introduction: A family history (FH) of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) is an important prognostic risk factor. Emerging evidence suggests that CAD location as well as severity may be heritable. We sought to investigate the association between a FH of premature CAD with the location and severity of angiographically phenotyped CAD. Methods: 2854 patients undergoing coronary angiography were enrolled from the Emory Cardiovascular Biobank. A FH of CAD was defined as having any male or female relative with history of CAD at age ≤55 or ≤65 year old respectively. Coronary angiograms were phenotyped using a 17 segment AHA model. Proximal disease was defined as having ≥70% lesion in the left main or proximal portion of any of the three major epicardial arteries, while CAD severity was assessed by counting the number of vessels with ≥70% stenosis. Results: Among this population (mean age 63±12, male 67%, diabetes 33%), 21% reported a positive FH of premature CAD. After adjustment for age, gender, and tradit...


Fusarium ear rot, caused by the pathogen Fusarium verticillioides, damages maize (Zea mays L.) grain production and is associated with contamination of grain by fumonisin, a mycotoxin harmful to both humans and ani- mals. Recurrent selection may be an effective way to combine improvements in resistance to Fusarium ear rot with improved grain yield and lodging resistance. To test this hypothesis, three cycles of recurrent index selection based on evaluating S 0:1 lines for Fusarium ear rot, grain yield, and lodging were implemented in a genet- ically broad-based population. Direct intrapop- ulation response to selection in the target traits was measured by comparing lines sampled from Cycle 0 and Cycle 3 populations. In addi- tion, indirect response for fumonisin contami- nation was also measured along with indirect response for agronomic traits when crossed to commercial inbred tester, FR1064. Results indicate significant direct gain from selection for Fusarium ear rot, but no significant gains for yield or lodging resistance. Indirect gains were also observed for Fusarium ear rot resistance in topcrosses to an unrelated tester line and for fumonisin contamination both within the selec- tion population and in topcrosses. Our results are the first demonstration of the indirect effect of selection against Fusarium ear rot on reduc- tion of fumonisin contamination. Heritabilities for target traits did not decrease over generations, indicating potential for further genetic gain from selection in this population.


Alveolar bone defect regeneration has long been Background: problematic in the field of dentistry. Gingival stromal progenitor cells (GSPCs) offer a promising solution for alveolar bone regeneration. In order to optimally differentiate and proliferate progenitor cells, growth factors (GFs) are required. Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) has many GFs and can be easily manufactured. Core-binding factor subunit-α1 (CBF-α1) constitutes a well-known osteogenic differentiation transcription factor in SPCs. Sox9, as a chondrogenic transcription factor, interacts and inhibits CBF-α1, but its precise role in direct  osteogenesis remains unknown. GSPCs in vitro cultured   in PRF to optimally stimulate osteogenic differentiation has in vitro been largely overlooked. The aim of this study was to analyze GSPCs cultured in PRF osteogenic differentiation predicted by CBF-α1/Sox9. : This study used a true experimental with post-test only control Methods group design and random sampling. GPSCs isolated from the lower gingiva of four healthy, 250-gram, 1-month old, male Wistar rats (Rattus ) were cultured for two weeks, passaged every 4-5 days. Novergicus GSPCs in passage 3-5 were cultured in five M24 plates (N=108; n=6/group) for Day 7, Day 14, and Day 21 in three different mediums (control negative group: αModified Eagle Medium; control positive group: High Glucose-Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM-HG) + osteogenic medium; Treatment group: DMEM-HG + osteogenic medium + PRF). CBF-α1 and Sox9 were examined with ICC monoclonal antibody. A one-way ANOVA continued with Tukey HSD test (p<0.05) based on Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Levene's tests (p>0.05) was performed. 1-3 2 4


This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of workshops, held at the 30th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, ER 2011, in Brussels, Belgium in October/November 2011. The 31 revised full papers presented together with 9 posters and demonstrations (out of 88 submissions) for the workshops and the 6 papers (out of 11 submissions) for the industrial track were carefully reviewed and selected. The papers are organized in sections on the workshops Web Information Systems Modeling (WISM); Modeling and Reasoning for Business Intelligence (MORE-BI); Software Variability Management (Variability@ER); Ontologies and Conceptual Modeling; Semantic and Conceptual Issues in GIS (SeCoGIS); and Foundations and Practices of UML (FP-UML).


A non-invasive method to measure gut motility has been developed. Biomagnetic measurements of the movement of the gut were monitored in awake rabbits after the animals had ingested small stirring magnets. The measurements were made in an unshielded room with a flux-gate magnetometer. Frequency analysis of the signal showed peak signals at 0.054 Hz. Those signals were altered when metclopramide and atropine were injected into the animals. The technique should be applicable to human subjects, providing a convenient and inexpensive assessment of gut function.


This study aimed to determine the effect of Regional Original Revenue (PAD), General Allocation Fund (DAU) and Special Allocation Fund (DAK) on the Regional Expenditure of the Government of Musi Banyuasin Regency. The types and sources of data used by the author in this study were secondary data. In this study, the author used quantitative analysis techniques. The quantitative analysis technique used by the author in this study was by testing the hypothesis. This test was used to determine whether the independent variable significantly influences the dependent variable. The results of the study stated that based on the F test it could be concluded that the regional own-source revenue, general allocation funds and special allocation funds together had an influence on regional expenditure. This was because the calculated F value of 6.758> from the F value of the table 6.608 and based on the t test it could be concluded that the original regional revenue, general allocation funds and special allocation funds partially had an influence on regional spending. This was because the value of t arithmetic local revenue to regional expenditures amounted to 5.204, general allocation funds to regional expenditures amounted to 2.951 and special allocation funds to regional expenditures amounted to 2.968 greater than t table that amounted to 2.105.


: The construction of prestressed box girder is the main component of bridge construction, which plays the role of gravity sharing and structural integrity protection in the process of bridge construction. With the gradual expansion of the scope of civil construction in China, the prestress problem occupies more and more prominent position in the project analysis, and becomes a benign resource control means. In this paper, combining the concrete situation in the field of civil engineering, this paper takes the theoretical and practical analysis ideas to explore the construction technology of the post-Zhang Fa prestressed box girder in the current bridge engineering construction in China, so as to achieve the purpose of clarifying the construction key points and ensuring the construction quality of the project.


The invention relates to a medical composition which is composed by antibiotic and pidotimod by the mass ratio of 1:0.01-15. The medical composition can be composed by the antibiotic and the pidotimod which are both compound preparation or by the antibiotic and the pidotimod which are independent medical preparation and are packaged in the same medicine box. The medical composition has the advantages that if the pidotimod or the derived salt thereof which is immunopotentiator can be supplied when the antibiotic is used for treating the bacterial infection, the treating effect of the antibiotic can be well improved, the antibiotic and the pidotimod can take effect synergistically, and the use amount of the antibiotic is reduced or the use period is shortened. The invention further discloses the preparation method and the medical application of the medical composition.


That heterosis is a genetic phenomenon cannot be doubted. Recently many have however, studied the specific physiological-biochemical reactions and mechanisms responsible for the superior growth and develop. ment in the hybrids of various crops. For studying these specific reactions responsible for hybrid vigour, attention should be focussed on the actual stage at which the heterosis is manifested in growth and the degree of its manifesta- tion. The study of relative growth rate, leaf area and dry matter accumulation are interesting fields for understanding the phenomenon of heterosis and the stage of manifestation of hybrid vigour.


This educational practice report discusses the content and learning outcomes of a debate course focussing on current affairs for second year undergraduate English majors at Osaka University. A profile of the learners is presented, after which the course structure and regular class procedures are outlined. This is followed by an analysis of how participation in debates and accompanying activities may help learners to improve their linguistic competence in English, drawing upon concepts from interactionist second language acquisition (SLA) theory. The final section of the paper examines the complex concept of critical thinking and then considers the ways in which participation in debate activities may help learners to develop and consolidate the cognitive skills and approaches associated with this notion.


Abstract : Government is a side or party that needs land in terms of trivial scale of land provision. The way of land acquisition  in trivial scale must pass through the way of referential settlement release by the land owner. It is not allowed to have it by purcahsing and saling and also exchanging. The later way of land acquisition   cannot be done due tp in adequacy of term of material  of purcahsing and saling as well as exchanging. Key Words: Pengadaan tanah, berskala kecil, jual beli, tukar-menukar, dan pelepasan hak atas tanah.


This work was supported by the "Ministerio de Edicacion y Ciencia" (Spain) under projects FIS2008-05856-C02-01 and FIS2008-05856-C02-02 and by Generalitat Valenciana under project GVPRE/2008/137.


The invention provides a low-NOX liquid slag removal coal dust combustion apparatus possessing triple swirling flow wind, which is mainly composed of a burner assembly and a combustion chamber assembly. The inside of the burner assembly has a tapered bell mouth-shaped shape, the primary air/coal dust nozzle of the burner assembly is arranged at the tapered top of the bell mouth, a tertiary air outlet is positioned in the middle of the bell mouth, a secondary air outlet is positioned at the tapered bottom of the bell mouth, and primary air, secondary air and tertiary air are rotary winds of a same direction; and the combustion chamber assembly can be designed to have a cylindrical rear end according to combustion condition needs, the front end of the combustion chamber assembly is a reduced combustion chamber having a slag catching screen and a slag groove, and the combustion chamber assembly can also be arranged to have a simple cylindrical structure. The apparatus of the invention has the advantages of large coal dust/air flow disturbance, uniform mixing, easy igniting, realization of grading combustion and oxygen-poor combustion in the combustion apparatus, generation of a large recirculation zone in the combustion chamber, low NOX discharge amount, high slag catching rate, high burnout rate, high flame cleanliness factor, strong capability for adapting to different coal varieties and load variations, and substantial energy saving and emission reduction effects.


Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) are radiological features resembling an early stage of pulmonary fibrosis. ILA has been associated with many risks factors of fibrosis, as well as increased mortality, poorer subjectively assessed health and reduced exercise capacity. It remains unclear whether ILA is related to reductions in a wider range of physical capabilities. The aim of the study was to find out whether objective measures of physical function were associated with ILA. Data from the AGES-Reykjavik study, an Icelandic cohort study of 5,764 elderly men and women, were used. ILA status was assessed from thoracic CT scans. Objective measurements of five measures of physical function were used; grip strength, knee extension strength, the timed-up-and-go test, usual gait speed and thigh muscle mass. Associations of these markers with ILA were explored using logistic regression modelling adjusting for relevant covariates. Four measures of physical function were significantly associated with increased ILA risk. These measures were grip strength (OR=1.21 per a reduction of 100 N, p-value=0.024), knee extension strength (OR=1.23 per a reduction of 100 N, p-value=0.0036), usual gait speed (OR=1.06 per a test time increase of 1 second, p-value=0.026), and thigh muscle mass (OR=1.14 per a reduction of 10 cm2, p-value=0.0008). In the study, reductions in objective measures of physical function were associated with an increased risk of interstitial lung abnormalities. These novel findings indicate that ILA is related to a greater spectrum of physical decline than previously thought and have implications for further research.


Karkatasringi (Pistacia integerrima) is a well known medicinal plant which belongs to the family of Anacardiaceae. The plant is indigenous to India and is found in the outer ranges of the North-Western Himalayas at an altitude of 500 to 2500 m. The different parts of the plant like leaf, bark, root and galls are reported to contain the secondary metabolites. Among them, the galls are more used in folk medicines. They are used in various Ayurvedic formulation like the "Dasamularista", "Chayavanaprasa" and "Shringyadi curna" which are used in the treatment of diseases like swasa (asthma), yakshma (tuberculosis), ajeerna (indigestion), hridyaroga (heart disease), jwara (fever) and yakrit roga (liver disorder). The secondary metabolites like alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids and flavonoids are reported in the galls. Beside them, minor constituents like crystalline hydrocarbon, gum mastic, resinous substance, crystalline acids are also present. The bark contains terpenoids and flavonoids.Phytochemical investigation of galls of Pistacia integerrima yielded three new phytoconstituents characterized as n-decan-3,-ol-yl-n-eicosonate, n-octadean -9,11 – diol-7one and 3oxo-9β lanost -1, 20 (22) – dicn-26-oic acid along with the known compound β –sitosterol. Plant plant has many biological activity including antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity due to chemical constituent. Key word: Pistacia integerrima, secondary metabolites, biological activity, antioxidant, analgesic.


Aim:  Barrett's esophagus (BE) with specialized intestinal metaplasia (SIM) is at high risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Magnified endoscopy with narrow band imaging (ME‐NBI) can be useful for detecting this condition. In addition to pit patterns, light blue crests (LBC), blue‐whitish patchy areas on the metaplastic epithelia of the stomach, can predict SIM in BE under ME‐NBI observation.


Designing and synthesizing efficient molecular catalysts may unlock the great challenge of controlling the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) with molecular precision. Nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) appears as a promising candidate for this task due to its adjustable Ni active‐site. However, the pristine NiPc suffers from poor activity and stability for CO2RR owing to the poor CO2 adsorption and activation at the bare Ni site. Here, a ligand‐tuned strategy is developed to enhance the catalytic performance and unveil the ligand effect of NiPc on CO2RR. Theoretical calculations and experimental results indicate that NiPc with electron‐donating substituents (hydroxyl or amino) can induce electronic localization at the Ni site which greatly enhances the CO2 adsorption and activation. Employing the optimal catalyst—an amino‐substituted NiPc—to convert CO2 into CO in a flow cell can achieve an ultrahigh activity and selectivity of 99.8% at current densities up to −400 mA cm−2. This work offers a novel strategy to regulate the electronic structure of active sites by ligand design and discloses the ligand‐directed catalysis of the tailored NiPc for highly efficient CO2RR.


A theoretical study of the helical aerial is made assuming that waves travel both axially and helically along it. It is shown that the existence of the helical waves is responsible for what are defined as low- and high-frequency cut-off points of the aerial. Consideration is also given to the effect of the ground plane of the aerial on its radiation pattern.


The study by Appel and Bleiberg (2005), which appears in this issue of the American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, is not methodologically sophisticated. It is a simple pre and posttest design that does not utilize a control group, does not include alternate treatment comparisons and does not study a homogeneous patient group in terms of the type of pain suffered. However, Drs. Appel and Bleiberg are undoubtedly knowledgeable about the uses of hypnosis in the treatment of pain. They make it clear that some of the treatment suggestions for pain reduction, which were utilized in their study, are very similar to those used by some practitioners of hypnosis. No mention of the word "hypnosis" is ever made before or during the treatment intervention. No hypnotic induction ceremony is ever administered, and no patient ever hears anything about hypnosis until after the posttest dependent variables are assessed. Consequently, there appears to be nothing "hypnotic" about their study until patients are subsequently asked to volunteer to have their level of hypnotic ability formally assessed. Despite this, the authors report a highly significant correlation (r(24)=.55, p <.001) between self-reported, posttreatment pain reduction and measured hypnotizability. This is more than just remarkable; it is amazing. This kind of result is something one would expect to read about in a study by Herbert or David Spiegel, but Drs. Appel and Bleiberg have not been strong advocates of hypnotizability assessment. This makes their finding even more credible and even more amazing! Furthermore, the magnitude of the correlation between measured hypnotizability and pain reduction is similar to that reported in earlier published studies which utilized pain treatments either with or without hypnosis (Hilgard & Hilgard, 1975; Katz, Kao, Spiegel & Katz, 1974).


Initial data from North America shows reduction in lung cancer-related mortality following the use of CT screening.Staging with TNM 7 has replaced TNM 6 based on evidence-based outcomes reflecting advances in diagnosis and treatment.CT remains the workhorse for initial diagnostic imaging in lung cancer; however, the uses for positron emission tomography (PET)-CT are ever increasing with greater sensitivity and specificity for staging.Endoscopic ultrasound-guided nodal sampling via the airways and oesophagus is replacing the need for surgical mediastinal sampling and preventing unnecessary thoracotomies.Ultrasound-guided sampling of neck nodes should be considered in those patients with mediastinal adenopathy.Knowledge of potential surgical procedures and their imaging features is vital for reporting radiologists in order to recognize the potential complications.Stereotactic body radiotherapy-associated changes include ground-glass opacity, consolidation and fibrosis. PET-CT is a helpful adjunct in the fol...


Based on single factor experiments,central composite design(CCD) combined with response surface methodology(RSM) was employed to optimize alcohol extraction of red pigment from sunflower hulls.Results showed that the optimal values of crucial process conditions such as extraction temperature and time and material/liquid ratio were 54 ℃,112 min and 1:22,respectively.Under these conditions,the maximum red pigment yield was predicted to be 661.74 mg/100 g,very close to the observed value.


The cloud computing paradigm facilitates a finite pool of on-demand virtualized resources on a pay-per-use basis. For large-scale heterogeneous distributed systems like a cloud, scheduling is an essential component of resource management at the application layer as well as at the virtualization layer in order to deliver the optimal Quality of Services (QoS). The cloud scheduling, in general, is an NP-hard problem due to large solution space, thus, it is difficult to find an optimal solution within a reasonable time. In application layer scheduling, the tasks are mapped to logical resources (i.e., virtual machines), aiming to optimize one or more QoS parameters, and conforming to several constraints. Various algorithms have been proposed in the literature for application layer scheduling, where each of them is based on some fundamental design techniques like simple heuristics, meta-heuristics, and most recently hybrid heuristics. Although ample literature survey exists for cloud scheduling algorithms, none of them present their study exclusively for the application layer. In this survey paper, we present a study on task scheduling algorithms used only at the application layer of the cloud. We classify our study according to various fundamental techniques used in designing such scheduling algorithms. One of the main features of our study is that it covers numerous application type e.g., a set of independent tasks, simple workflow, scientific workflow, and MapReduce jobs. We also provide a comparative analysis of existing algorithms on various parameters like makespan, cost, resource utilization, etc. In the end, research directions for future work have been provided


We propose a mechanically-controlled, onedimensional wide-angle beam-scanning antenna operating in the ka-band frequency range. Our antenna design is based on the folded transmitarray concept and offers a low-profile, high-gain solution for wide-angle beam-scanning applications. To improve the antenna's performance, we use the bifocal technique to compensate for phase variations, reducing gain loss within the scanning range. We simulated the antenna's performance using Ansys HFSS, which showed that it can scan within a range of ±28°, with a peak gain of 22.7 dBi and a maximum gain loss of 1.4 dB.


French environmental laws require industrialists to include probability criteria in risk assessments, especially to define confidence levels for risk management measures. This paper presents the failure probabilities as efficient indicators for technical safety barrier performances. Generic formulas are proposed to evaluate these probabilities, including failure rate, barrier architecture, full and partial proof tests. In many cases, these results can be directly used to assess safety barrier confidence levels.


$EVWUDFW. CORBA is a standard proposed by the Object Management Group (OMG) in order to promote interoperability between distributed object systems. CORBA provides a programming-language neutral Interface Definition Language (IDL) that describes the syntactic aspects of services supported by remote objects. However, CORBA IDL does not provide any means to specify the behaviour of objects in an abstract and formal way. Behaviour specification is provided either in plain English, or directly in the programming language chosen for the implementation. We propose the use of Cooperative Objects, a dialect of object-structured high-level Petri nets, as formalism for behavioural specification of CORBA systems. We detail at the syntactic and semantic level how this formalism supports the features of the CORBA object model. We present a realistic case study to demonstrate our approach.


Interest in advocacy by physicians has reached unprecedented levels, with traditional and Internet-based media being employed to mobilize an array of agendas.[1][1],[2][2] Still other physicians have entered politics,[3][3] and key national bodies have identified advocacy as an important physician


Abstract : Measurements are reported on the rate constants and cross sections of electron attachment to SF6, c-C4F6, and C6F6 as a function of temperature in the range 300 to 600 K. Measurements are reported, also, of the rate constant for the temperature enhanced autodetachment from SF6(-), c-C4F6(-) and C6F6(-) in the same temperature range. New techniques are described for the accurate measurement of the effect of temperature on electron attachment and detachment processes and on the photodetachment of anions in dense fluids. Photodetachment measurements on SF6(-) and C6F6(-) are reported and discussed. Optically enhanced electron attachment has been observed in laser irradiated H2, SiH4 and CH4. The usefulness of these findings in understanding gas dielecrtic phenomena and plasma processes in gas-discharge-based technologies is discussed.