Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Rigshospitalet Research Foundation

 The number of older patients is increasing world-wide. Older patients have a higher risk of complications related to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) treatment and are more often frail. Yet, they are often missing in clinical trials, which leads to a knowledge gap in current guidelines when treating older ACS patients. Frailty scoring may be a better tool than conventional risk scores to assess prognosis. Previous studies have proposed that a patient's biological age instead of chronological age could be used to better guide the treatment strategy in older ACS patients. Potentially frailty scoring can be used to decide a patient's biological age.

 We wanted to investigate the prevalence of frailty in a consecutive population of ACS patients ≥70 years referred to invasive angiography at a tertiary centre. Furthermore, we wanted to investigate whether frail patients had a worse 12-month outcome compared to non-frail patients.

 From September 2020 to September 2021 all patients ≥70 years referred to our institution with ACS were, when logistically possible, undergoing bedside frailty scoring using the clinical frailty scale (CFS). The CFS scoring was performed at the time of admission by nurses at the department. Patients were divided into three frailty groups depending on their CFS score: Robust (1-3), Vulnerable (4) and Frail (5-9). Patients were followed for 12 months.

 During the study period, 691 patients ≥70 years old with ACS were admitted. Of the 451 (65%) patients who had a frailty assessment, 70 (16%) patients were frail, 77 (17%) were vulnerable and 304 (67%) were robust.
 Frail and vulnerable patients were older (frail: 80.9 (5.6) years, vulnerable: 78.5 (5.7) years and robust: 76.7 (4.8) years, p<0.001), had more comorbidities, defined as a higher Charlson index score (frail: 4.5 [4.0-5.0], vulnerable: 4.0 [4.0-6.0] and robust: 4.0 [3.0-4.0], p<0.001) and longer hospitalisation (frail: 5 [3-9.2] days, vulnerable: 8 [3.5-14.0] days and robust: 5 [3-7] days, p=0.021). Furthermore, frail and vulnerable patients less frequently underwent revascularisation during their first admission (frail: 58.9%, vulnerable: 65.1% and robust: 77.9%, p<0.001).
 In 12-month follow-up, frail and vulnerable patients had a higher cumulated incidence of all-cause mortality compared to robust patients (p<0.001), figure 1. Frail patients had more than four times the risk of 12-month all-cause mortality compared to robust patients (HR 4.16 (2.12-8.15), p<0.001). The association remained significant after adjustment for age and comorbidities (HR 2.71 (1.30-5.64), p=0.008), as well as for GRACE score (HR 2.98 (1.50-5.90), p=0.002), table 1.

 In patients ≥70 years old with ACS and referred to invasive angiography, frailty according to the CFS score had a prevalence of 16%. Frail and vulnerable patients had more than four times the risk of all-cause mortality in 12-month follow-up.


Most identify Townscape today with urban planning's rear guard - conservative and nostalgic. In Post-War histories, it is often treated as a fleeting whim of little seriousness. The following paper proposes that Townscape's contributions to the discourses and practices of the second half of the 20th century are far more considerable than has been held to date. Townscape was originally of great interest and influence because of its conceptual innovations, today it has historical interest, standing at the junction of the greater trajectories within Architecture and Urban Planning; the transition from Modernism to Post-Modernism, and the rise of 'Urbanism'. In revisiting Townscape it is hoped that not only can a fairer picture of the movement emerge, but that the role of one of the movement's founders and strongest supporters, Sir Nikolaus Pevsner (1902-1983), be duly appreciated and celebrated. Pevsner had been consistently occupied with an early relative of Townscape throughout the 1940's, which he referred to as 'Visual Planning', and more widely known in association with the Picturesque revival carried out largely under Pevsner's name in the British journal the Architectural Review. Throughout the 1940's Pevsner published over 20 articles on the subject and worked on an unpublished manuscript titled "Visual Planning". An analysis of this manuscript along with other articles derived from the manuscript, reveals not only a considerable amount of work on a subject which has largely been neglected in scholarship surrounding Pevsner, but new insights into the Townscape movement itself; its sources, originality, theory, objectives, and its legacy in today's theory and practice.


In order to improve the performance of the catalyst applied in ozonation, this work show the hydrothermal synthesis routine to prepare MnO2 with different oxygen vacancy content. The α-MnO2 was aminated and further processed with doped graphene oxide (GO) to obtain high oxygen vacancy content α-MnO2-NH2-GO, which was subsequently used for catalyzing ozonation phenol degradate. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), Brunner-Emmet-Teller (BET), H2-temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), etc. Characterization and experimental results showed that the oxygen vacancy content has an important effect on the catalytic performance of the catalyst, MnO2 with low average oxidation state showed better catalytic ozonation performance. The coexistence of Mn3+ and Mn4+ have great significant role for the continuous generation of free radicals and the restoration of oxygen vacancies. The doping of GO can increase the electron transfer rate, and improve the catalytic performance. The catalytic performance of α-MnO2-NH2-GO is better than α-MnO2, phenol removal rate can achieve more than 99% within 30 min, and superoxide radicals can be determined by different free radical trapping agents. The results of main active oxygen and reaction kinetics research showed that the degradation of phenol is a first-order reaction whether α-MnO2-NH2-GO or α-MnO2 is used as a catalyst.


A type of second order differential equation is exactly solved by using the series expansion method .The symmetry and diversity of the solution function are discussed. It is found that the solutions may be expressed by the confluent hyper geometric function and that, after transforming the variables the original equation can be transformed to a Kiummer equation.


A complex repairable system is subjected to corrective maintenance (CM) and condition-based preventive maintenance (PM) actions. In order to take into account both the dependency between PM and CM and the possibility of imperfect maintenances, a generalized competing risks model have been introduced in Doyen and Gaudoin (2006). In this paper, we study the particular case for which the potential times to next PM and CM are independent conditionally to the past of the maintenance process. We address the identifiability issue and find a result similar to that of Cooke (1993) for usual competing risks. We propose a realistic model with exponential risks and derive the maximum likelihood estimators of its parameters.


: Alzheimer's disease, which is characterized by gradual cognitive decline associated with deterioration of daily living activities and behavioral disturbances throughout the course of the disease, is estimated to affect 27 million people around the world. It is expected that the illness will affect about 63 million people by 2030


Most lanthanide metals exhibit a volume collapse at a critical pressure Pc; for Dy this pressure is ~73 GPa. The primary mechanism responsible for the volume collapse is a matter of debate and may involve the 4/ electrons themselves or be the result of simple pressure-induced s – d transfer in the conduction electrons. Possible mechanisms involving the 4/ electron system include: (i) valence increase, (ii) 4/ band formation, and (iii) increased 4/-conduction electron hybridization leading to a Kondo volume collapse. The present high pressure resistivity experiments on the dilute magnetic alloy Y(Dy) to 114 GPa give evidence for the validity of the Kondo volume collapse model for elemental Dy.


Diabetes mellitus type 2 is the disease which was recognized by World Health Organization as an epidemic. Diabetes is the interdisciplinary disease and its connected with high costs of treatment. The most common complications are cardio-vascular diseases and it can be main reason (80%) of death. New type of hypoglycemic dr ugs, glucagon like peptide-1 agonists (GLP-1 agonists) were recognized by International Diabetes Associations and Polish Diabetes Association (PTD) in their algorithms. These drugs use incretin effect, which is depended on the glucose level. They reduce HBA1c level by 1% averagely with low risk of hypoglycemy. They showed during clinical trials, GLP-1 agonists have positive influence on reducing body weight. Obesity is the main problem in treatment patients with type 2 diabetes. Positive influence on lipid metabolism is characteristic of incretin's drugs. One of the crucial features is hypotension effect this group of drugs. The most common side effects or adverse events associated with GLP-1 therapy were nausea, and occasionally vomiting. GLP-1 agonist are used for adult people with diabetes type 2 with metformin or sulfonylureas who are insufficiently controlled.


The rates of reactions of OH radicals with CHClF2, CH2ClF, CH2ClCF3, CH3CClF2 (at 260-370 K), and CH3CHF2 (at 293 K) were detd. by using stationary flash photolysis combined with OH UV-resonance absorption detection. The implication of the rate data with respect to the tropospheric degrdn. of the halocarbons is discussed.


Designation: Asst Professor,NSIBM,Jamshedpur Affiliation: Kolhan Univeristy Contact address: 11/211,A Block,Tuiladungri,PO Golmuri,Jamshedpur,Jharkhand, Email id : email@example.com Mobile No : 08603785704 Abstract This conceptual paper briefly explains the effect of corporate announcement like Stock Split on stock market prices ,earnings within the jurisdiction of Indian Stock Market (NSE/BSE). A central tenet of Stock Split announcement presented in the literature, is that the announcement has an impact on stock market prices, earnings before and after thereby improving the earnings. There are however a number of studies on stock splits announcement effects on share price. Several studies have been conducted in developed and emerging markets in view of corporate announcements and its impact on stock market prices to study the market efficiency since Working (1934). Working found that successive stock prices changes are independent in nature and uncorrelated that forced him to conclude that they are random. This conclusion of Working were supported later by Robertsn (1959); Fama (1965) and others. The Efficient Market Hypothesis has been executed in hundreds of studies over the years (including, Fama & French (1996);Malkiel (1995); Ikenberry et al. (1995); Elton et al (1993), Chopra et al (1992); Seppi (1992); DeBondt & Thaler (1985); Charest (1978); Black & Scholes (1974); Alexander (1961)).This paper reflects the changes that takes place in stock market prices when corporate announcements like stock split are announced by a listed company.


The present invention relates to a composition and method for preparing medicine for treatment of constipation, acne and hyperlipidemia, the traditional Chinese medicine composition is composed of rhubarb, Atractylodes, ginseng, mirabilite, citrus aurantium, otophyllum, red ginseng, Cistanche, preparation of the leaves made a total of nine herbs; the drug has qi and blood circulation, detoxification laxative effect; mainly used for blood stasis, heat toxin filled inside, constipation, acne, facial spots, hyperlipidemia. Compared with the prior art, the ratio of the drug prescription more rational clinical pharmacodynamic test results significantly increased; bioavailability, and without any side effects.


Background. Despite high clinical significance, the microbiology of the dental biofilm in young children remains poorly understood. Aim. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate five Streptoccocus species commonly found in the oral biofilm of children, namely Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Streptococcus salivarius to determine their relative numbers in caries-free pre-term children, and age-matched full-term controls. Design. Plaque and saliva samples were obtained from 15 pre-term children and 15 age-matched


Strategic management is a key component in any business. It represents the continuous process of creating, implementing and evaluating decisions that help the organization to be more productive, by guiding the allocation of resources to achieve goals. Depending on the strategy that a company wants, which aims to create a competitive advantage, several techniques are used. Making a correct diagnosis using the optimal ways to achieve this is a key element in any analysis. Viewed as a cybernetic system, the company must be analyzed from the point of view of the efficiency and effectiveness of internal processes, as well as from the perspective of analyzing the factors in the environment in which it operates. In this research, the diagnosis was made by Adobe using SWOT analysis, one of the most used analysis techniques, but correctly interpreted and performed is still one of the most accurate techniques. The identification of key performance indicators and their analysis is another topic that we address in this article.


This paper describes an offline compaction method that removes both redundancies and spurious ambiguities from MMorph lexical databases. The described technique increases the efficiency of systems using MMorph, since it shrinks the size of the lexicons and comes up with fewer readings for a morphological form. Our approach not only is interesting to MMorph, but also to other lexicons, which build on an attribute-value representation of lexical information. The compaction method is part of the SProUT shallow processing system.


The implications of hyperon pairing for the thermal evolution of neutron stars containing hyperons are investigated. The outcomes of cooling simulations are compared for neutron star models composed only of nucleons and leptons, models including hyperons, and models including pairing of hyperons. We show that lambda and neutron pairing suppresses all possible fast neutrino emission processes in not too massive neutron stars. The inclusion of lambda pairing yields better agreement with X-ray observations of pulsars. Particularly, the surface temperatures deduced from X-ray observations within the hydrogen atmosphere model are more consistent with the thermal history of neutron stars containing hyperons, if the critical temperature for the onset of lambda and nucleon pairing is not too small.


The invention relates to a method for a moving object to change service district, which is used in a data transmission system including a moving object and a candidate server group. The method comprises: step 1, the moving object measures the signal strength sent by the server in the candidate server group; step 2, the moving object selects a server serving the moving object according to the measurement results; meanwhile, the server which provides service for the moving object initiatively informs the other servers in the candidate server group about the information of the data transmission of the moving object; step 3, the moving object acquires data service from the server which provides service for the moving object; meanwhile, the server which provides service for the moving object and the other servers in the candidate server group exchange the information of the data transmission of the moving object. The method can decrease the time delay of the moving object in the transformation of service districts and improve the quality of data transmission between the server and the moving object.


【Objective】To study the role of ATP-CP system in postmortem muscle on the formation of pork quality, this research investigated the effects of pig breeds and muscle types on ATP-CP status and their possible associations with pork quality traits. 【Method】Longissimus dorsi (L.D.) and psoas major (P.M.) of Jinhua pure breed (JH), Zhongbai pure breed (ZB), Duroc ×Zhongbai (DZ) cross and Duroc × (Yorkshire×Landrace) (DYL) cross were sampled, and ATP-CP status (including the concentration of ADP, ATP, creatine and creatine phosphate and creatine kinase, ATPase activities) and meat quality traits (including pH45min, pH24h, shear force (SF), water-holding capacity (WHC), total protein solubility (TPS), sarcoplasmic protein solubility (SPS) and myofibril protein solubility (MPS)) were measured. The reaction process and the potentiality of ATP-CP pathway were described as M=([ATP]+[Cr])/([ADP]+[CP]) and N=(CK+ATPase)× M, respectively. One-way ANOVA and Duncan's test were employed to analyze the difference among different pig breeds. Independent T- test was used to analyze the difference between L.D. and P.M. 【Result】 P.M. exhibited a higher CK activity, pH24h, TPS, MPS, M-value, N-value (P0.05) and a lower pH45min, △pH, SF, WHC, SPS than L.D. (P0.05), the activities of CK and ATPase activities in both L.D. and P.M. muscles, M-value and N-value in L.D. muscle but not P.M. muscle declined according to the order of JH→ZB→DZ→DYL, pH45min and △pH in both muscles increased according to the above order. A negative correlation between M-value and pH45min (r=-0.811,P0.01) or △pH (r=-0.908, P0.01) or between N-value and △pH (r=-0.711, P0.01) or pH45min (r=-0.385, P0.05), a positive correlation between N-value and pH24h (r=0.876, P0.01) were found in L.D. muscle. 【Conclusion】 The results indicated that ATP-CP reaction process (M) and potentiality (N) were both increased in the order of DYL→DZ→ZB→JH in L.D. muscle, reversely in P.M. muscle. In JH pigs, ATP-CP reaction process (M) and potentiality (N) of P.M. muscle are both lower than the ones of L.D. muscle, which is reverse in other pigs. And ATP-CP pathway is associated with the postmortem pH, and can alleviate the decline of pH in 24h after slaughtering and its relationships to other meat quality traits were also found and need further to be studied.


Head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) associated with alcohol and tobacco consumption, and recently with human papillomavirus-16 (HPV-16), have bad prognosis despite current therapies. Development of innovative vaccine strategies and adequate pre-clinical tumor models are required to better evaluate HNSCCs. We developed a DNA vaccination that creates non-infectious virus-like particles, which express HPV-16 E7 oncoprotein (pVLP-E7). Results showed that pVLP-E7 induced an E7-specific immune response in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, using an ectopic model of HNSCC that expresses E6/E7 (TC-1), we found that pVLP-E7 intradermic (ID) immunizations induced anti-tumoral responses at early stages. For larger established tumors, pVLP-E7 vaccines were only efficient when administered with TLR-7 and TLR-9 agonists. In an orthotopic model that shares anatomical and inflammatory features with human HNSCC we observed that intra-cheek (IC) infusion of either TC-1 or NR-S1 cells into mice elicited higher numbers of inflammatory infiltrates in the tumor compared to ectopic models. Using this orthotopic IC model, we found that mucosal IC pVLP-E7 vaccination elicited better vaccine-specific CD8+ T-cell responses than ID administration in naive and tumor-bearing mice. Furthermore, pVLP-E7 IC immunizations in combination with TLR agonists led to rejection of established tumors and long-term protection, both of which were associated with E7-specific CD8+ T cell infiltration in tumors and lymph nodes. Our findings demonstrate that pVLP-E7 IC vaccination with adjuvants is efficient against these tumor models and together provides a valuable therapeutic strategy for HNSCCs.


Linseed oil polyol/ZnO bionanocomposite was prepared to obtain mechanically robust, thermally stable, hydrophobic coatings via a novel synergistic approach utilising a vegetable oil polyol for the first time. The synthesis process obviates the use of reducing agents, surfactants, reaction media, stabilizing agents, solvents, and other chemicals. Linseed polyol serves the purpose of obtaining ZnO nanoparticles. The linseed polyol backbone hosts hydroxyl and carboxylic groups that participate in the generation of ZnO nanoparticles in the polyol matrix (ester elimination, addition–elimination reaction). The progress of the reaction was monitored by recording FTIR spectra at regular intervals of time. The coatings obtained were scratch-resistant, impact-resistant, well-adherent, flexibility-retentive and hydrophobic, showing good chemical resistance under acidic, alkaline, and salt environments. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that these coatings could be safely used up to 250 °C. The work described is consistent with the principles of "Green Chemistry" (Principles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 12), such as utilising a renewable feedstock, resorting to a solventless approach, and employing safer chemistry. The results showed that these coatings may be well employed as promising candidates towards environmentally friendly corrosion protective coatings.


Hospitalized pediatric oncology patients are at high risk of clinical decline and mortality, particularly in low‐income and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Pediatric early warning systems (PEWS) assist with the early identification of deterioration. To the authors' knowledge, no studies to date have evaluated the cost‐benefit of PEWS in LMICs.


I discuss recent progress in our understanding of two barriers in quantum gravity: c > 1 in the case of 2d quantum gravity and D > 2 in the case of Euclidean Einstein-Hilbert gravity formulated in space-time dimensions D > 2. In the last four years there has been a tremendous progress in our understanding of 2d quantum gravity and non-critical strings. However, one of the main motivations for studying non-critical strings was to be able to formulate a string theory without tachyons for dimensions of target space larger than one, and in this respect there has been virtually no progress. Stated slightly differently: we have still not understood 2d quantum gravity coupled to matter with a central charge larger than one. If we use the discretized approach [1, 2, 4, 3, 5] there seems to be no formal problems with such a coupling. One has a statistical system of random surfaces coupled to a number of gaussian scalar fields or coupled to a number of spin systems, which only interact via the geometry of the random surface. Formally the system is reflection positive and there should be no tachyonic excitations in the system. However, two theorems established soon after the invention of these models made it unlikely that interesting theories would exist for c > 1. Recent results of numerical nature seem 1 Invited talk presented at the ITCP spring school and workshop on string theory, Trieste, Italy, April 1993. To appear in the proceedings.


The interrelationships among the birth rate migration and the increasing youthfulness of the urban population in Germany prior to 1914 are examined against the background of overall trends in age structure. Regional and local differences are discussed and an attempt is made to determine the causes of changes in urban age structure. Data are for the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. (ANNOTATION)


Embedded systems are pervasive in the infrastructure of our society for diverse tasks. In this project, we research and design an embedded Vehicle Monitoring system based on Web Technology. To achieve this purpose, we use Level Sensor, Pressure Sensor, Tilt Sensor, Gas Sensor, Alcohol Detector. By these sensors, we check the various parameters of the vehicle system such as Liquid Level, State of Vehicle, Pollution by Vehicle, alcoholic taste of driver etc. These sensors provide the information to the Arduino(ATMEGA 328P-P0). We use Pentium 4 Processor in this project. To monitor the parameters, we use Web Technology. We directly connect the sensor and the monitoring equipment to achieve remote management and real-time data transmission, so realize the resources and information sharing and increase the efficiency and reliability. To improve the level of supervision and management for cargo transport vehicles, especially trucks carrying coal, it is important to develop transport vehicles remote monitoring system. Through a dynamic monitoring of the transport vehicles, manager can ensures that the vehicles are traveling in accordance with the approved lines. Once vehicles appear in accident, manager can quickly locate the accident point, implement treatment timely. It has provided a powerful management support with a rapid reacting capacity for the regulatory authorities, transport companies by information technology.


The goal of the study is to produce STEM-based interactive learning media that can enhance student's critical thinking skills on number system materials. The research method used is the method of development or Research and Development (R&D) with addie design (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The instruments used in the study consisted of expert media validation sheets, materials, critical thinking tests, and student questionnaire sheets to determine student's responses to interactive learning media. To find out the practicality and effectiveness of interactive learning media in improving the ability of critical thinking, a double choice test is grounded. The results show that 1) the results of media and material validation by 2 experts were 86% (very high) and the results of validation of tests of learning results by experts and teachers were 90.67% (very high), 2) interactive learning media can improve student's critical thinking skills which is shown with average pretest results by 54.7%, average post-test by 91.9% and average %N-Gain by 68.48% (height), 3) Student's responses to the use of interactive learning media earned 84% (excellent) grades.


patients and their families influences the psychological s,ate of the patients. The patient (and family) may require communication about the illness, support and understanding of the emotional upheavals which occur, in addition to good medical management and control of symptoms. Enabling the patient and family to undergo some anticipatory grieving, reviewing past shared experiences, resolving some differences, and letting go of some of the emotional bonds all presage a smoother passage with the patient being less likely to adopt a depressive posture. Cognitive techniques are useful in improving morale and decreasing depressive symptoms. Research which has been conducted on the use of antidepressant drugs in medically ill patients indicates a high rate of side effects when tricyclic antidepressants are used in standard doses. Prescribing smaller doses of tricyclics initially or using the newly developed antidepressants such as mianserin or fluoxetine may be helpful. Further controlled trials would be useful in clarifying the role of antidepressants in cancer patients who are depressed. Refining psychiatric systems of classification so that they have greater predictive value for specific treatment interventions would also be beneficial. Working in this area requires both humanity and objectivity. It is useful to have an approach which incorporates an ability to understand and empathise with patients and also draws on a framework based on clinical experience and research. Combining the use of supportive measures, psychotherapy and antidepressants requires skill and active monitoring. The management of depression in patients with advanced cancer demands the abilities of a physician who is able to consider the complex biological, psychological and social factors that are relevant and to use this knowledge to assist patients in a life-enhancing way.


Legal mandates exist for the protection of wildlife and human health from the impacts of toxins released into the environment. To accomplish this objective, numeric environmental quality criteria are set. Toxicity test data are often analyzed in the development of such criteria. Regression‐based estimators are frequently employed to calculate the concentration associated with a specified decrement/inhibition in response relative to control conditions. Non‐monotonic concentration response patterns, often characterized as 'hormesis', may lead to alternative definitions of baseline responses for inhibition concentration calculations. In particular, the presence of hormesis may suggest that the definition of an impact measure is not always clear. In other cases, the impact measure may be clearly defined; however, adequate statistical study of such measures may not have been conducted. The bioconcentration factor, an index of how a toxicant accumulates within an aquatic organism relative to water, is an example where point estimates are often reported; however, reports of precision or confidence intervals are rare. A second example is the use of a no‐observed‐effect concentration, the highest concentration with responses that do not statistically differ from responses in the control group. Finally, multiple lines of evidence (e.g. toxicological, ecological, chemical, etc.) might be available to evaluate the degree of contamination at a particular site. The combination of this information to obtain overall site contamination assessment is a continuing challenge. These three issues provide a framework for discussing impact in environmental toxicology. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Prostate cancer often manifests as morphologically distinct tumour foci and is frequently found adjacent to presumed precursor lesions such as high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN). While there is some evidence to suggest that these lesions can be related and exist on a pathological and morphological continuum, the precise clonal and temporal relationships between precursor lesions and invasive cancers within individual tumours remain undefined. Here, we used molecular genetic, cytogenetic, and histological analyses to delineate clonal, temporal, and spatial relationships between HGPIN and cancer lesions with distinct morphological and molecular features. First, while confirming the previous finding that a substantial fraction of HGPIN lesions associated with ERG‐positive cancers share rearrangements and overexpression of ERG, we found that a significant subset of such HGPIN glands exhibit only partial positivity for ERG. This suggests that such ERG‐positive HGPIN cells either rapidly invade to form adenocarcinoma or represent cancer cells that have partially invaded the ductal and acinar space in a retrograde manner. To clarify these possibilities, we used ERG expression status and TMPRSS2–ERG genomic breakpoints as markers of clonality, and PTEN deletion status to track temporal evolution of clonally related lesions. We confirmed that morphologically distinct HGPIN and nearby invasive cancer lesions are clonally related. Further, we found that a significant fraction of ERG‐positive, PTEN‐negative HGPIN and intraductal carcinoma (IDC‐P) lesions are most likely clonally derived from adjacent PTEN‐negative adenocarcinomas, indicating that such PTEN‐negative HGPIN and IDC‐P lesions arise from, rather than give rise to, the nearby invasive adenocarcinoma. These data suggest that invasive adenocarcinoma can morphologically mimic HGPIN through retrograde colonization of benign glands with cancer cells. Similar clonal relationships were also seen for intraductal carcinoma adjacent to invasive adenocarcinoma. These findings represent a potentially undervalued indicator of pre‐existing invasive prostate cancer and have significant implications for prostate cancer diagnosis and risk stratification. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Article in Gramophone's 'Contemporary composers' spotlight series, written by Caroline Gill on the basis of an interview with Francis Pott.


The population of India is increasing rapidly in order to fulfill their diet & needs, the production of foods must be increased. But this must come at affordable to everyone. In India farming is done by traditional ways beside that there has been larger development of industry and service sector as compared to that of agriculture sector. To mechanization of agriculture in India some equipment has been developed. The pesticide sprayer is one among them and it is done by traditional farm workers by carrying backpack type sprayer, which requires human effort or by using electric pump. To improve the agriculture system and to reduce the human effort and problems associated with the backpack sprayer new equipment is fabricated which will be beneficial to farmers. Mechanical operated sprayer trolley simply uses kinematic link to convert the kinetic energy to oscillating energy for reciprocating motion of pump. In this system no use of any external energy such as electrical, engine, any renewal energy etc. Also minimize the wastage pesticide and time.


Skeletal concentrations are ubiquitous in Bathonian-Oxfordian shallow water sedi,nents of the pericratonic basins of Kachchh and Rajasthan, western India. By analysing the biofabric of the concentrations and the taphonomic signatures of individual components, it is possible to distinguish between the final concentration process (recorded by the biofabric) and events taking place prior to final deposition (recorded by taphonomic signatures). The skeletal concentrations are grouped in nine genetic types ranging from fair weather wave concentrations to storm concentrations and condensed concentrations. They mainly reflect biological and hydraulic processes, and in some instances permit estimates of their duration and show a rough zonation along a bathymetric gradient. Plotted against the stratigraphic sections, the skeletal concentrations show, in accordance with other sedimentological data, three orders of bathymetric trends. The first two orders are shallowing--deepening cycles which possibly correspond to eustatic changes in sea level; the third order represents parasequences with a strongly asymmetric sedimentary record. Skeletal concentrations are a useful additional tool in basin analysis, but are best used in combination with other data. Shell beds, or in broad terms skeletal concentrations (Kidwell et al. 1986), are a ubiquitous feature of many modern and ancient shelf environments. Serving as an important source of fossil taxa, they are, however, only of limited use for palaeoecological analyses, because of their frequently complex origin. On the other hand, studies by German palaeontologists in particular demonstrated that skeletal concentrations carry the signatures of the formational processes and are thus useful environmental indicators (e.g. Mfiller 1951; Sch/ifer 1972). Recent interest in taphonomy produced several studies (e.g. Fiirsich & Heinberg 1983; Ffirsich & Oschmann 1986; Kidwell 1988; Kidwell et al. 1986; Norris 1986; Banerjee & KidweU 1991; Kidwell 1991; Kidwell & Bosence 1991) in which these aspects were followed up and models created relating types of skeletal concentrations to particular environments and facies ( 'taphofacies' of Brett & Baird 1986; Speyer & Brett 1986, 1988). The present paper attempts to evaluate the potential of this approach to shell beds in basin analysis. A prerequisite of such a study is a basin which shows distinct onshore-offshore gradients and which ideally was subject to several transgressiveregressive events during its history. The shallow pericratonic basins of Kachchh and Rajasthan that existed during the Jurassic at the southern margin of the Tethyan Ocean fulfill these requirements. In order to arrive at a meaningful data base, we first discuss the taphonomic signatures left by various physicochemical and biological processes on individual skeletal elements as well as on whole concentrations. This results in a process-related concept of skeletal concentrations which, in turn, enables us to distinguish nine types of skeletal concentrations. Having classified skeletal concentrations in this way, we then look at their distribution within the stratigraphic sequence. As we shall demonstrate, the sequence of skeletal concentrations roughly mirrors transgressiveregressive cycles which have been recognized on the basis of sedimentary features. 169 Geological framework Situated on the western margin of the Indian plate (Fig. 1A), the subbasins of Rajasthan (Fig. 1B) and Kachchh (Fig. 1C) were inundated by the sea during Mid-Jurassic times (Das Gupta 1975; Singh et al. 1982). During much of the Bathonian, coarse-grained nearshore siliciclastic deposits gave way in an offshore direction to carbonate platform sediments. In the Callovian the predominance of fine-grained siliciclastic sediments records a deepening of the basin with peak transgression in the Oxfordian (e.g. Ffirsich et al. 1991, 1992; Singh 1989). In the Kimmeridgian to Tithonian the sub-basins were gradually filled. Characteristic sediments of this time span are coastal and estuarine siliciclastics (I. B. Singh, pers. comm. 1990). Although Kachchh, a district of the Indian state Gujarat, received geological attention in the early nineteenth century (e.g. Grant 1840; Sykes 1840), a formal lithostratigraphic framework was only erected in the 1970's (Biswas 1971, 1977; Biswas & Deshpande 1983). For reasons stated elsewhere (Howard & Singh 1985), we use a more traditional set of names (Fig. 1D). A detailed biostratigraphical subdivision and zonal scheme of the Jurassic sediment package is not yet available. This naturally imposes limitations on any attempt to trace the evolution of the basin. We have restricted our study to the Midand early Late Jurassic part of the basin fill for the following reasons: (i) for this part there exists at least a rudimentary biostratigraphical framework (e.g. Bardan & Dat ta 1987; Krishna et al. 1988; Krishna & Westermann 1987), (ii) it is the unit with the greatest marine influence, (iii) several transgressive-regressive cycles (see Fiirsich et al. 1991, 1992) are clearly recognizable, and (iv) skeletal concentrations are common. Skeletal concentrations in Mesozoic shelf seas of western India: processes and products Nearly all skeletal concentrations in the Jurassic of Kachchh and Rajasthan are shell beds dominated by molluscs, chiefly 170 F. T. F U R S I C H & W. OSCHMANN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 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Recent theoretical and experimental studies have suggested that quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulation can behave similarly to quantum annealing (QA). The theoretical analysis was based on calculating transition rates between local minima, in the large spin limit using WentzelKramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation, for highly symmetric systems of ferromagnetically coupled qubits. The rate of transition was observed to scale the same in QMC and incoherent quantum tunneling, implying that there might be no quantum advantage of QA compared to QMC other than a prefactor. Quantum annealing is believed to provide quantum advantage through large scale superposition and entanglement and not just incoherent tunneling. Even for incoherent tunneling, the scaling similarity with QMC observed above does not hold in general. Here, we compare incoherent tunneling and QMC escape using perturbation theory, which has much wider validity than WKB approximation. We show that the two do not scale the same way when there are multiple homotopy-inequivalent paths for tunneling. We demonstrate through examples that frustration can generate an exponential number of tunneling paths, which under certain conditions can lead to an exponential advantage for incoherent tunneling over classical QMC escape. We provide analytical and numerical evidence for such an advantage and show that it holds beyond perturbation theory.


To the Editor We read with great interest the study by Olwill et al. on what challenges remote consultations – as opposed to face-to-face – psychiatrists face during the novel coronavirus pandemic (Olwill et al., 2020). The paper illuminates the importance of non-verbal cues and the possibility to physically assess one's patient to place a diagnosis. While the paper offers crucial insight into remote consultations, we believe that discussing the utility of phone apps, the change of medical laws and the safety of remote consultationsmay augment telemedicine's role today and illuminate howphysicians could take advantage of it. Olwill et al. found that psychiatrists in Ireland were unhappy with phone (voice-limited) telepsychiatry consultations because non-verbal cues were not possible to be observed (Olwill et al., 2020). This caused psychiatrists to have a lack of confidence in their diagnosis. We remind psychiatrists that other forms of telepsychiatry are still valid and may be more useful. For example, both doctors and patients are as satisfied with screen-to-screen consultations as with face-to-face meetings (Tates et al., 2017). Videoconferencing allows the patient to interact with his/her physician from the familiarity of his/her own home. In this way, patients may be more receptive and/or expressive in a psychiatric session. Moreover, since receiving care for mental health presents with social stigma, patients may be more willing to seek help from a private telepsychiatry session than compared to physically going to a mental health clinic. Thus, we remind psychiatrists to not discount the benefits of telepsychiatry, but instead, encourage them to switch over to videoconferences as it may be a better alternative than voice limited phone calls. We suggest that telepsychiatry be practiced worldwide during the novel coronavirus disease (COVID19) pandemic and afterwards. In the USA, the demand for telepsychiatry has led to easing of several federal and state regulations, including less restrictions on controlled substance prescription via videoconferencing, increased Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement, and the freedom for physicians to extend tele-care (e.g. internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy) to patients beyond the state where they are licensed (Shore et al., 2020). We recommend similar regulation changes to be implemented in Ireland and other countries in Europe to further facilitate the remote practice of psychiatry. Since patient-care extends beyond the tele-appointment, we propose that physicians empower patients with proven tools to ameliorate their psychological health. Certain phone apps (i.e. the IntelliCare platform) have proven to be effective for treating depression and anxiety (Graham et al., 2020). These apps also have the potential to improve clinicians' efficiency while maintaining cost-effectiveness (Graham et al., 2020). Given the anxiety people experience during the COVID-19 pandemic, we advocate for physicians to take advantage of these telepsychiatry tools to treat patients at a distance. We identify an additional benefit to telepsychiatry that augments Olwill et al.'s study, namely the increased safety it may provide. Psychiatrists and mental healthcare professionals are at an increased risk of nonfatal, job-related violent crime compared to other physicians (Anderson and West, 2011). Victims suffer physical and psychological sequelae comparable to the victims of a street crime (Anderson and West, 2011). Many incur personal trauma and financial burden since 45% of affected medical-staff take time off ofwork to recover and 65%of them require one full year (Anderson andWest, 2011). Hence, the relative safety of telepsychiatry by not being physically present may diminish workforce attrition particularly in higher risk patient encounters, those with a history of past violence, substance abuse, and active symptoms of major mental illnesses (Anderson and West, 2011). We commend Olwill et al. for providing crucial insight on the psychiatrist experience of remote consultations by phone. While telemedicine poses new obstacles, it introduces an array of benefits for both patients and psychiatrists alike, aswe have highlighted. We hope that further studies may shed light on the impact telemedicine has on the practice of psychiatry. In this letter, we expand on several proven features on telepsychiatry's current use and provide a nuanced view of how clinical practice is affected amidst the COVID-19 outbreak.


Address scrambling and data inversion techniques are proposed for yield enhancement of NROM-based ROMs in this paper. Besides using the conventional fault replacement techniques, fault masking effects are also exploited to further improve the fabrication yield and reduce the amount of extra spare rows/columns. That is, we consider the logical effects of physical defects when the customer's code is to be programmed. A novel test and repair flow is also proposed. Based on the proposed techniques, possibilities of fault masking can be maximized. A row/column scrambling control word and a control column are used for the control of the scrambling techniques and the data inversion technique, respectively. The problem for determining the control word can be modeled with a bipartite graph. The proposed test and repair techniques can be easily incorporated into the ROM BIST architectures. This makes the proposed techniques more practical to be integrated into current design flow. According to experimental results, the fabrication yield can be improved significantly. Moreover, the incurred hardware overhead and timing penalty are almost negligible.


essica Hagedorn's 1990 novel Dogeaters occupies a prominent position within the U.S. academy as the best known and most widely taught novel about the Philippines. The novel has proven resonant with contemporary critics because of the various theoretical connections it suggests. Its kaleidoscopic multiplicity of narratives, set in a former colony of the United States, as well as Hagedorn's status as a Filipino American author writing about the Philippines, has facilitated productive linkages between postcolonial theory and theories of postmodernism; American Studies and postcolonial theory; Asian American Studies and theories of transnationalism. A number of critics have


Based on a new reformulation of the extended Euclidean algorithm, we propose two types of in-place systolic architectures for inversion in GF(2/sup m/): bit-parallel and folded bit-parallel architectures. Our bit-parallel architectures have throughput of either 1/(2m-1) with interleaving or 1/(4m-2) without interleaving. Compared with the best previously proposed bit-parallel architectures of which we are aware, our new architectures require less hardware and achieve shorter critical path delays with approximately the same throughput and latency. We also propose a folded version of our bit-parallel architectures which achieves the 1/(4m-2) non-interleaved throughput with even less hardware. To our best knowledge, no comparable architecture has been proposed before.


A model is proposed to account for spontaneous magnetic field reversal which is observed in high temperature θ‐pinch plasmas early in the compression phase. The model assumes a large anomalous viscosity in the electron cloud and collisionless ion behavior.


Introduction : This study investigated the students' viewpoints about the significance of each possible challenge in students' classroom presentations on the part of students or professors. The study was conducted when students had already been exposed to teaching/learning method during a semester. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with a post-test only design performed on 35 junior undergraduate anesthesiology students who were taking pathophysiology courses by lecturing and self-presentation techniques. Data were collected using self-reports, and the data collection tool consisted of a self-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were tested (α=0/85). Results: The findings revealed that the most frequent challenges on students part reported as very significant and significant were respectively 'lack of adequate understanding of the materials presented' (%57.2) and 'lack of other students' adequate attention to the presentations' (%57.1). The most significant challenges on the part of professors reported as very significant and significant were respectively 'indeterminate criteria for evaluation of presentations' (%57.2), and 'lack of counseling sessions before presentations' (%40). Conclusion : The results suggest that attending to factors including presentation topics, students' emotional and cognitive preparedness, provision of decent discourse contexts, and also introducing and determining definite evaluation criteria to the students involved in teaching/learning process can contribute to more effective presentations.


A pyramid-shaped structure was constructed along the South Carolina coast in 1995. The structure was designed for use as a restaurant facility. Within months of completion, the exterior cladding began to exhibit deformations that suggested excessive expansion of the synthetic stone veneer panels. The panels were tested to determine if the hot and humid environmental conditions produced the excessive movements. Testing did not indicate that environmental exposure was the cause of the deformation. A review of the construction drawings revealed that the roof/wall assembly incorporated an additional layer of insulation not indicated by the veneer manufacture's literature. The designer specified a 3.5-inch-thick layer of EPS to be installed between a layer of structural steel panels and a plywood fastening surface. The roof/wall assembly was modeled using WUFI Pro to simulate heat and moisture transport through the assembly. The WUFI data were exported to a spreadsheet so that coefficients of thermal and moisture-related expansion/contraction could be applied to study movement of the wall components. The data revealed that unanticipated contraction of the plywood substrate, as a result of drying, caused the exterior panel deformations. The results from computer modeling correlate closely to field measurements and anecdotal evidence collected by several investigators throughout the history of the building.


Archived tumor tissue is a useful resource for large-scale pharmacogenetic studies designed to identify associations between genetic polymorphisms and treatment outcomes. In cancer patients, genotypes determined from tumor DNA and from non-diseased tissue DNA may differ due to changes in the tumor's genome acquired during malignant transformation. Consequently, the assessment of discordances between tumor and non-diseased tissue genotypes is pertinent when identifying pharmacogenetic determinants that may impact drug disposition in both the tumor and the host. Leukemia cells frequently have karyotypic abnormalities; therefore, discordances between host and tumor DNA genotypes are of particular relevance for pharmacogenetic studies on leukemia. In this methodological study, we investigated the concordance between genotypes determined in DNA extracted from paired cryopreserved pre-treatment bone marrow samples and non-diseased tissue (buccal cell samples) from 80 adult patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by WHO criteria at Roswell Park Cancer Institute between 2004 and 2006. Samples were genotyped for a panel of polymorphisms (19 SNPs and 2 polymorphic gene deletions) of genes whose products are involved in drug metabolism ( CAT, MnSOD, MGMT, GSTP1, GSTT1, GSTM1 CYP3A4, CYP2C8, CDA ), drug transport ( MDR1, MRP1, BCRP ) and DNA repair processes ( XPD, XRCC1 ). All genotypes with the exception of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were determined by using Sequenom's high-throughput matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene deletion genotypes were determined using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Kappa statistics were used to determine the concordance rate of genotype calls between the paired tumor and normal tissue DNA samples. Kappa statistics for the paired bone marrow and buccal DNA samples ranged between 0.93 and 1.00, indicating excellent agreement ( CAT =0.97; MnSOD =0.98; MGMT =1.00; GSTP1 =0.96; GSTT1 =1.00; GSTM1 =1.00; CYP3A4 =0.94; CYP2C8 =0.96; CDA =1.00; MDR1-03 =1.00; MDR1-05 =0.96; MDR1-24 =0.98; MRP1 (exon 8)=1.00; MRP1 (exon 28)=0.98; MRP1 (exon 9)=0.98; BCRP (exon 5)=1.00; BCRP (exon 2)=1.00; XPD312 =0.93; XPD751 =0.98; XRCC1 =1.00). Significantly, the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes were in perfect concordance for the paired samples. These genes are of particular importance, since there is great potential for misclassification if the null genotype is a result of disease-related loss of heterozygosity. We also observed excellent agreement for those genes on chromosomes that are commonly involved in deletions or translocations as part of the leukemic process, including MDR1 at 7q21.1 and MRP1 at 16p13.1. These data demonstrate that archived bone marrow samples may be used to accurately perform genotyping for the genes that we studied. However, while the data validate the use of bone marrow samples for this panel of genotypes for AML pharmacogenetic studies, it may be important to account for gene amplification or deletion and chromosome gain or loss when using bone marrow DNA to study variation and clinical outcomes in order to account for quantitative differences that may affect the concordance between germline genotype and cancer cell phenotype. Further studies in this area are warranted and are ongoing.


Nanocomposites of natural rubber (NR)/organo ZnAl layered double hydroxide (ZnAl LDH-DS) were successfully synthesized and characterized. A hydrophilic Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (ZnAl LDH-NO3-) was converted into the organophilic form by replacing the nitrate ion in between the ZnAl LDH-NO3- with dodecylsulfate ion (DS) to form ZnAl LDH-DS. The melt intercalation technique followed by vulcanization process was adopted to synthesize the nanocomposites of NR/ZnAl LDH-DS. Intercalation of DS ion into the interlayer of ZnAl LDH-NO3- increased the surface area and the porosity of the LDH. X-Ray diffractogram of the organophilic ZnAl LDH-DS shows that the basal spacing of the ZnAl LDH-NO3- expands from 0.89 to 2.53 nm due to the accommodation of DS ion in the intergallery. After the compounding process with the NR, the basal spacing of ZnAl LDH-DS in the composites is increased to 3.90 and 3.27 nm when the ZnAl LDH-DS contents were 1 and 15 phr, respectively. Transmission electron microscope image revealed that the ZnAl LDH-DS was distributed in the NR matrix in such a way of exfoliated and different grade of intercalated. The tensile strength values of NR/ ZnAl LDH-DS (nanocomposites) were found to be higher than that of the NR/ZnAl LDH-NO3- (macrocomposites).


Objective To evaluate renal function in urinary obstruction by 99Tcm-DTPA renal dynamic imaging calculated glomerular filtration rate ( GFR ). Methods The renal function of 30 cases with upper urinary-tract obstruction were evaluated by GFR calculated with 99Tcm-DTPA renal dynamic imaging u-sing two different region of interest (ROI) : the whole renal ROI and the renal eortecal ROI, and were correlated with urinary albumin (Alb). Results With the increasing severity of the hydronephrosis, the urinary Alb increased in both groups, while the two different ROI calculated GFR were decreased. Besides, the renal fortecal ROI method was much more negatively correlated with the urinary Alb level. Conclusion The GFR calculated by 99Tcm-DTPA renal dynamic imaging is a reliable parameter for detection of the damage of glomerular filtration function in obstructive urinary diseases and the GFR calculated by renal eortecal ROI may provide more sensitively and accurately.


The paper provides an analysis of 100% peanut fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and peanut FAME/ULSD#2 blends (P20, P35, and P50) in an indirect injection (IDI) diesel engine (for auxiliary power unit applications) in comparison to ultralow sulfur diesel no. 2 (ULSD#2) at various speeds and 100% load. From the fuel thermal and physical properties, it was determined that up to 50% peanut FAMEs blended with ULSD#2 (P50) would meet the ASTM D6751 fuel standard for viscosity. The ignition delay was in the range of 1 ms, and the apparent heat release presented similar values for all investigated fuels. The maximum cylinder instantaneous gas combustion temperature reached about 2100 K while the total heat flux was 1.95 MW/m2, and it was found that there was a 7% average increase in brake specific fuel consumption for P50 over ULSD#2. The mechanical efficiency for ULSD#2 and all of the tested FAMEs was around 77%, with 10% loss in overall engine efficiency for FAMEs compared with ULSD#2. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emis...


The oulipo, Ouvroir de litterature potentielle, was born in 1960, and founded by Raymond Queneau and Francois Le Lionnais. Neither school nor movement, nor avant-garde, this co-commission of the College of Pataphysique regroups writers and mathematicians, writers who are also mathematicians, mathematicians who are also writers. For forty years and still now, its touchstone is the exploration of the link between mathematics and literature, a link that can be described through various notions, evolutive and changing : structure, constraint, order, axiomatic, manipulation, combinatory, process, procedure, etc. Its project is to "think / classify" constraints. But, from the reader's point of view, this project can also be understood under a triple angle where complicity is involved : the connivance can be immediate (passive complicity), cultural (as, truly, for all writing), or lead to the construction of an "oulipian reader". "This oulipian reader" must be ready to carry out a real effort, that exceeds from far the natural and conventional contract between the reader and the author. But oulipian complicity spreads thus far beyond the mere works of its members. It surpasses the common choice (nevertheless entirely individual) to resort to constraints. It defines imperceptibly, through the games induced by forms and language, a relationship to the world, a simultaneously serious and facetious relationship. Wisdom often walks along with derisory. This ancient tradition, perhaps even antique, far from a permanently agonizing modernism and any taxinomist and illusory post-modernism, simply anchors Oulipo in what may be called by its name : humanity.


Objective To investigate the nutrition status of elderly patients and to explore nutrition improvement advice for those patients.Methods 134 elderly patients consisted of study group,and 130 healthy people made up of control group.Comparison were made on the nutritional index such as BMI,HB,ALB,and TLC.The nutrition status was evaluated with the mini nutritional assessment short-form(MNA-SF).The tradition nutritional markers were recorded and compared.Results BMI,HB,ALB and TLC in study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P0.01),and the incidence of malnutrition in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P0.05).The incidence of malnutrition was correlated with the limited ADL and hospitalization time.Conclusions Along with the fading of ADL and the prolonging of hospitalization time,the incidence of malnutrition in elderly patients elevates,the reasonable nutritional support for elderly patients could improve the nutritional status.


The context related to global change and risks of biodiversity loss have led managers to develop tools to help preserve our environment and the associated biodiversity. Many questions have been raised especially concerning the connectivity between populations and the definition of marine protected areas. These questions raise the problem of dispersal abilities and of the relationship between pelagic larval duration and gene flow. In this context we have chosen to study the connectivity between populations of two species of high commercial and patrimonial values: the edible sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and the white seabream Diplodus sargus. In the case of P. lividus, the study combining several data sets and using different molecular markers, produced during this work or obtained from the literature, showed unexpected significant genetic differentiation at the regional scale (40km) for a species with a pelagic larval duration of up to one month. This study also allowed us to characterize the intensity and direction of gene flow between ocean basins of the southeastern North Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea and Adriatic Sea. Indeed gene flow was asymmetric and oriented from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean Sea and from the Adriatic Sea and to the Mediterranean Sea. These findings raise important questions about the origin of these different levels of differentiation and led me to make several assumptions on the impact of phenomena such as local adaptation, selective effects coupled with endogenous barriers, hydrological factors and / or biogeochemical. Several research perspectives are proposed to test these hypotheses.


Flows of recent Islamic awakening which changed a number of Islamic countries, this question is arisen that theoretical background of this movement should be looked at in whose thought and action. In response to this, according to the forefront of Egypt during the last two centuries, minds are directed toward Mohammad Abduh and Ali Abd al- Raziq. Muhammad Abduh and Ali Abdel are among the leaders and thinkers of the Islamic awakening in the Sunni world. Both, with common but differentiated pain about Muslim countries condition, backwardness and have been holding back their countries, had a think and they believed Islam was the final choice and tried to offer solutions in these areas that their solutions, according to performance and attitude, are notable. Therefore, the implementation of the political ideas of these two influential thinkers in the Muslim world is important. As far as studies show that, despite the great works of thought and ideas of these two scientists have been published, but no comparative studies have been discussed. Thus, due to the importance of the issue, so comparatively in this article, these two scholars of Islam world have been studied.


This research is aimed at describing the linguistic forms and meanings of each slogan used in car advertisement. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The object this research is the slogan used in car advertisement.
The data are slogans that are in the form of word, phrase, clause and sentence of car advertisement slogan that only slogan from a car made in Japan taken from internet, television, car brochures, magazine and newspaper. In
collecting the data, the writer uses a documentation method by selecting and writing the slogans which is found in internet, television, car brochures, magazine and newspaper. In finding out the linguistic forms of the slogans, the writer uses structural grammar. In describing the meaning of the slogans, the writer uses pragmatic analysis especially speech act theory. Based on the analysis, the researcher finds the data based on the linguistics form of the slogan 3 (6,12%) data of noun, 1 (2,04%) datum of adjective, 20 (40,82%) data of noun phrase, 3 (6,12) data of verb phrase, 1 (2,04%) datum of
adjective phrase, 1 (2,04%) datum of adverb phrase, 1 (2,04%) datum of gerund phrase, 8 (16,33%) data of declarative sentence, 1 (2,04%) datum of interrogative
sentence and 10 (20,41%) data of imperative sentence). Based on the meaning of the slogan, the researcher finds 24 (48,98%) data of asserting, 12 (24,49%) data of commanding, 9 (18,37%) data of persuading and 4 (8,16%) data of informing.


Abstract Many smart magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes provide response to a biomarker based on modulation of their rotational correlation time. The magnitude of such MRI signal changes is highly dependent on the magnetic field and the response decreases dramatically at high fields (>2 T). To overcome the loss of efficiency of responsive probes at high field, with fast‐field cycling magnetic resonance imaging (FFC‐MRI) we exploit field‐dependent information rather than the absolute difference in the relaxation rate measured in the absence and in the presence of the biomarker at a given imaging field. We report here the application of fast field‐cycling techniques combined with the use of a molecular probe for the detection of Zn2+ to achieve 166 % MRI signal enhancement at 3 T, whereas the same agent provides no detectable response using conventional MRI. This approach can be generalized to any biomarker provided the detection is based on variation of the rotational motion of the probe.


Sorghum is an important food security crop for arid and semi-arid tropics but its production is hampered by many biotic and abiotic factors including covered kernel smut disease (CKSD) caused by fungus Sporosorium sorghi in the Ustilaginaceae family. The disease attacks susceptible sorghum genotypes causing yield losses estimated at 43% in Western Kenya. This study determined the response of selected sorghum genotypes to CKSD under field and greenhouse conditions. A total of 15 elite sorghum genotypes were screened under field conditions in Migori and Homa Bay sites and under greenhouse at the University of Eldoret. Data on disease incidence and severity were collected per genotype and analyzed using R-Studio software and means were separated at 1% using Tukey's test. Results showed significant differences among genotypes for disease incidence and severity under fields and greenhouse conditions. Disease incidence varied significantly (p < 0.001) among the genotypes ranging from zero (for T53, T30, IS3092, N4 and N68) to 64% (for Nyadundo2) under field conditions but ranged from 0-69% under greenhouse conditions. Similarly, severity followed the same trend with C26 having the worst attack with a score of 5 while T53 recorded the least (score of 1). This study has identified potential sources of resistance for covered kernel smut disease that can be utilized to manage the disease and significantly improve sorghum yields in the target regions.


As the concept of Ubiquitous Computing has become an important issue, we need to have a voice in the field of Crime Prevention Technology. Ubiquitous Computing means that IT network based on realization of 6A(Anytime, Anywhere, Anybody, Anynetwork, Anydevice, Anyservice) is deeply penetrated into our daily life. As ITS has developed with the aid of IT and Crime Prevention Technology together, we need to discuss u-Crime Prevention or Crime Prevention sector is mentioned as a major application of Ubiquitous Computing.


Hair graying occurs worldwide, and it has a high impact on the self-esteem of an individual. Hair graying is a melanogenesis disorder that can be attributed to many factors, including age, oxidative stress, psychological stress, and malnutrition. Though there are effective p-phenylenediamine based hair dyes, they often cause allergy and systematic toxicity. Plants are popular a traditional remedy for the management of hair disorders. Due to their high chemical diversity, phytoproducts offer great promises to develop an effective and safe product to manage hair graying and melanogenesis disorders. The aim of the present article is to review plants with traditional uses and bio-activity against hair graying. An extensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases using many combinations of the following keywords: plants used to treat gray hair, natural products, hair graying, melanogenesis, pigmentation, and tyrosinase activity. This review documented about sixty-one plants, including a summary of 47 plants frequently used in traditional medicine, and a brief review of fourteen plants showing promising activity against hair graying. The active constituents and the mechanisms by which active constituents exert anti-hair graying effects were also reviewed.


EDITOR'S SUMMARYThe voice of the performing arts is an important – though seldom heard – disciplinary component of information science research. The Open Symphony, a collaboration between a performing musician and computer science students, allowed for creative audience interaction with live music performances. But such interdisciplinary collaboration is difficult and needs to be put within the larger context of questions surrounding value, individual contribution in artistic expression and ownership in the performing arts. Indeed, tensions around the economics of art and commercial versus academic value may hinder collaborations between artists and academia, but with the right framework and definitions of value these efforts could lead to additional forms of cross‐disciplinary exploration.


Title:Parent training of children with conduct problems: An efficacy review. Abstract: In the last years, the scientific studies have evidenced that par- ent-directed interventions are decisive in the modification of early-onset problem behaviors, which frequently are markers of antisocial develop- mental trajectories. In this context, parent-training programs emerge as one of the well-researched intervention modalities, and they are consi- dered as high-quality interventions by the scientific literature in the beha- vioral problems field. This study aims to review the efficacy of this kind of intervention, on the basis of results from meta-analyses and review papers collected in PSYCINFO (APA); ISOC (CSIC), ERIC and MED- LINE for the last 20 years (1989-2009). The meta-analyses and reviews which are examined in this study indicate the robustness of parent-training in the promotion of positive changes in child behaviors, in the improve- ment of daily parent-child interactions, and in the parental attitudes and behaviors. Moreover, parent-training programs show their efficacy in the promotion of other aspects involved in the family dynamics, such as communication, problem-solving and parental stress.


The 0-X multi-stage noise-shaping (MASH) Delta-Sigma-modulator is a possible implementation of a continuous-time (CT) pipeline ADC. One of the main implementation challenges is the matching between the analog and digital signal paths. Since the power consumption of the noise cancellation filter (NCF) becomes significant for high-speed and high-accuracy applications, an estimation of the required accuracy inside the NCF is desirable to give an insight into the prospective overall system complexity. Furthermore, analog mismatches may limit the ADC's performance. This paper shows, that architectures can be found, which relax the coefficient resolution requirement in the NCF thereby facilitating its implementation.


The BFSS Matrix model can be regarded as a theory of coincident M‐theory gravitons. In this spirit, we summarize how using the action for coincident gravitons proposed in hep‐th/0207199 it is possible to go beyond the linear order approximation of Kabat and Taylor, and to provide a satisfactory microscopical description of giant gravitons in AdSm × Sn backgrounds. We then show that in the M‐theory maximally supersymmetric pp‐wave background, the action for coincident gravitons, besides reproducing the BMN Matrix model, predicts a new quadrupolar coupling to the M‐theory 6‐form potential, which supports the so far elusive fuzzy 5‐sphere giant graviton solution. Finally, we discuss similar Matrix models that can be derived in Type II string theories using dualities.


Comparative genomic analysis was used to investigate the gene structure of the bli-4 locus from two related Caenorhabditis species, C. elegans and C. briggsae. In C. elegans, bli-4 is a complex gene encoding a member of the kex2/subtilisin-like family of proprotein convertases. Genomic sequence comparisons coupled with RT-PCR analysis identified five additional coding exons that had not been identified previously using standard recombinant DNA techniques. The C. briggsae gene was able to rescue both viable blistered and developmentally arrested mutants of C. elegans bli-4, demonstrating functional conservation. In addition, deletion analysis of conserved sequences outside of coding regions, combined with phenotypic rescue experiments, identified regulatory elements that alter the expression of the bli-4 gene. These results demonstrate the utility of genomic sequence comparisons of homologous genes in related species as an effective tool with which to dissect the functional information of complex genes.


The brine shrimp is one of the typical filter-feeding plankton, but as the shrimp was interfered with the growth in dense algal suspension, the Californian shrimp was reared with marine chlamy-domonad at 28°C to know the effect of algal density from that of ingestion speed. High ingestion rate was found to be responsible for the retarded growth. The filtering rate and ingestion rate was found to be responsible for the retarded trowth. The filtering rate and ingestion rate were measured during the growth experiment, and the regression equations to body length were obtained. The maximal daily ration was found to be enormously large; 3, 5 and 10mm shrimp could ingest about eight, three and one times of the bodiy nitrogen respectively. The critical food density was about tens of chlamydomonads per μl. The gross growth efficiency ranged about 20-25 per cent in terms of nitrogen.


The need of lockdown, due to COVID-19, led many manufacturing companies to accelerate the adoption of digital technologies. Manufacturing companies were strongly affected by workforce shortages associated with the spread of COVID-19 and the lockdown, as well by connectivity losses among business partners. Therefore, these companies are reviewing their strategies to increase productivity, mainly embracing digital manufacturing technologies. Here the adoption of digital technologies aims to improve efficiency and flexibility in their processes, also improving connectivity among business partners. This study investigates how collaborative academia-industry R&D cases accelerated the adoption of digital technologies by manufacturing companies, given the current COVID-19 pandemic situation. Based on multiple case studies, this article reports the challenges and the strategies of three ongoing collaborative industry-academia R&D projects developed during the COVID pandemic situation. The results are presented in four different perspectives derived from industry 4.0 readiness maturity models: interpersonal communication, personal competencies and skills, systems integration, and technological strategy. It highlights the importance of manufacturing companies to have a well-designed digitalization strategy, need of continuous training and development of their workforce, and the support of Research & Technology Organizations (RTO) to bring more maturity to the efforts required during a turbulent situation. The results of this paper can provide relevant decision support for manufacturing companies, and its stakeholders, in face of challenges of the actual pandemic and post-pandemic scenario.


Removal of stable cesium and cesium-137 by living filamentous cells of Oscillatoria homogenea cyanobacterium from aqueous solution has been investigated. The removal levels of the stable cesium and cesium-137 were found to be 989ng Cs/mm 3 biomass, and 2389 mBq 137 Cs/mm 3 biomass, respectively, after the contact time of 240 hours. The optimum pH for cesium uptake was 10±0.3. No significant change was observed at the pH values of 4, 6 and 8 for the cesium sorption by the cyanobacterium biomass. Increasing the cyanobacterium biomass caused more removal capacity. The maximum removal efficiency in the liquid culture containing 133 mg/L cesium and 20.53 mm 3 biomass/ml culture was 5.75 mg/l. The removal efficiency were found to be 1.1% and 51.2% as the Cs-133 concentration, ranged beween 0.133 to 332.5 mg/l, respectively. At the 1200 Lux illumination, the maximum removal value was 1065 ng Cs/mm 3 biomass, and in the presence of 332.5 mg/l cesium concentration (2.5 mmol/L), the sorption was obtained to be 4530 ng/mm 3 biomass. The microprobe PIXE analysis and autoradiography technique were used to confirm the cesium sorption on the biomass. The sorption of the stable cesium and cesium-137 were fitted to Langmuir isotherm, and the model parameters were found to be qmax=854 ng Cs/mm 3 biomass, 2272 mBq 137 Cs/mm 3 biomass, b=0.00011(R 2 =0.97), and b=0.000009 (R 2 =0.96), respectively.


certain confines, have room to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of ties between members of this alliance. Their studies use a dialectical approach, and seldom speculate on the longrange policies of the Western powers. Marxist-Leninist constraints also cause Soviet writers on these topics to interpret important common diplomatic and military terms in a totally different way than their Western counterparts. Pierre Hassner's final chapter, "Implications for U.S.-European Relations," reviews many of the important considerations raised throughout this volume, and concludes that there is no single, successful way to deal with the USSR. He feels a blend of policies that center around a goal of "containment" that limits Moscow's ability to continue to use Western technological gains to its own advantage is our best bet. In fact, he feels, the West's economic link to the Soviet Union and its Eastern bloc gives it an opportunity to affect certain areas of development and growth in .this region of the world. However, to be successful, these policies must be pursued uniformly by members of the Atlantic Alliance. Overall, this is an excellent blend of articles on different aspects of Soviet-West European-American ties over the past 20 years. The editor could have strengthened it with a bibliography, and also eliminated some of the repetitive aspects of a few of the chapters. Regardless, it is an excellent, indepth study of these unique relationships that hopefully will pave the way for similar works.


CORINE Land-Cover (CLC) and its by-products are considered as a reference baseline for land-cover mapping over Europe and subsequent applications. CLC is currently tediously produced each six years from both the visual interpretation and the automatic analysis of a large amount of remote sensing images. Observing that various European countries regularly produce in parallel their own land-cover country-scaled maps with their own specifications, we propose to directly infer CORINE Land-Cover from an existing map, therefore steadily decreasing the updating time-frame. No additional remote sensing image is required. In this paper, we focus more specifically on translating a country-scale remote sensed map, OSO (France), into CORINE Land Cover, in a supervised way. OSO and CLC not only differ in nomenclature but also in spatial resolution. We jointly harmonize both dimensions using a contextual and asymmetrical Convolution Neural Network with positional encoding. We show for various use cases that our method achieves a superior performance than the traditional semantic-based translation approach, achieving an 81% accuracy over all of France, close to the targeted 85% accuracy of CLC.


The launch of Local Economy as a new journal in 1986 conŽrmed the arrival of a local orientation to economic development policy in the UK that had begun to emerge through the 1970s and was strongly reinforced into the 1980s (Eisenschitz and Gough, 1993). As such the contributions to the journal highlighted a number of developments that were elevating the local scale as a focal point for innovative thought and practice in economic development policy. Here, the various expressions of 'central government localism' took their place alongside the alternative economic strategies of the metropolitan county councils, emergent themes of local partnership, inner city regeneration programmes and the growth of local authority economic development functions and departments. At this moment the 'local' had become a key site for economic policy making and implementation, for associated institutional innovation, and for political experimentation and opposition. These developments embodied something of a shift in emphasis from previous patterns of sub-national economic policy formulation and implementation. For much of the post-war period, the regional scale had constituted simultaneously the site for important administrative and political settlements (Keating, 1997) as well as for interventions in economic development, particularly through attempts to redistribute economic activity between the UK regions. Yet, as numerous authors have demonstrated, redistributive regional policy was fraught with difŽculties and inefŽciencies, such as the high costs per job created, the economic fragility associated with the 'branch plant syndrome', the overlybroad coverage of regional supports, and the systematic failure to signiŽcantly Devolution, Regionalism and Local Economic Development


Fact-checking organizations have reported that Donald Trump is prone to repeating patently false statements. Previous research has shown that repetition increases perceived truthfulness of even implausible statements (also known as the illusory truth effect). However, other research has shown that people may engage in motivated reasoning when interacting with someone from a different ideological group. We measured the effect of repeating statements made by Donald Trump on perceived truthfulness. Participants (N = 465) rated the truthfulness of different statements made by Donald Trump, some of which were repeated from an earlier phase of the experiment. Our results are striking. We observe an overall effect of repetition on perceived truthfulness that is equally robust regardless of political affiliation. Our results suggest that ideologically-motivated beliefs do not modulate the effect of repetition on perceived truthfulness of statements.


The Internet is under rapid growth and continuous evolution in order to accommodate an increasingly large number of applications with diverse service requirements. In particular, Internet telephony, or voice over IP is one of the most promising services currently being deployed. Besides the potentially significant cost reduction, Internet telephony can offer many new features and easier integration with widely adopted Webbased services. Despite these advantages, there still exist a number of barriers to the widespread deployment of Internet telephony such as the lack of control architectures and associated protocols for managing calls, a security mechanism for user authentication, and proper charging schemes. The most prominent one, however, is how to ensure the Quality of Services (QoS) needed for voice conversation.


Level 4 autonomous vehicles (AVs) are smart vehicles that can move between two different points without any human interference. In 2018, the Saudi Arabian ban on female drivers was finally lifted, resulting in a large number of novice women drivers of different ages. The Kingdom might therefore be considered a risky place to drive, but AVs would help novices to reduce their fear of driving and reduce accidents. Previous studies focused narrowly on those who already had sufficient driving experience and held a valid driving license, but there were no studies on the adoption of smart cars by novice drivers. Based on a literature search, no studies had used a net valence model (NVM) for the adoption of AVs to understand their benefits/risks. Therefore, this study proposed an adoption model for AVs using an NVM to identify the benefit and risk factors that have an impact on beginner drivers' adoption of autonomous vehicles. A survey method was applied using the purposive sampling technique. Data were collected from 1400 female Saudi novice drivers who had experience with driving AVs. Data analysis was performed using Smart PLS Version 3. The results showed that individuals tended to ignore potential risks and focus instead on the potential benefits of using AVs. Performance expectancy, enjoyment, and effort expectancy were found to be positively related to the perceived advantages. On the other hand, the perceived risk as a construct did not have an impact on beginner drivers' adoption of autonomous vehicles. Therefore, the major theoretical contribution of this study was the formation of a new NVM model by incorporating three more constructs, which were social influence, personal innovativeness, and alternatives. Finally, the enhanced NVM model could assist AV developers in identifying the expected benefits and drawbacks of AV adoption.


This research investigated the effect of using a three-dimensional online chat environment on community development for cancer patients¿ mental health. In the support group, from two to five patients and one facilitator chatted in virtual space for a one and half hour session every week for three years using avatars with emotional expressions. The messages in the support group were analyzed by text mining tool. The results showed that the frequency of positive emotion words increased, on the other hand, the negative words decreased after one year. The percentage of participants¿ messages gradually increased with the sessions. The informational support in messages for improving their QOL (quality of life) increased during the three years. These data showed that the virtual support group promotes patients¿ positive emotions, QOL, and autonomy of the self-help group.


Support vector machines (SVMS) were originally designed for binary classifications. For multi-classifications, they are usually converted into binary ones, and up to date, several methods have been proposed to decompose and reconstruct multi-class classification problems. In this paper, we compare the performance of these algorithms. They are applied to eight UCI data sets and the ten-folder method is adopted in our experiments. The results show that the one-against-one scheme is not always better than one-against-all scheme and one-against-all perform just as well as one-against-one approaches


The forthcoming fifth generation (5G) wireless network is envisioned as highly heterogeneous that can support future applications demanding seamless coverage, low latency and high throughput. These requirements pose stringent challenges on the handover authentication design. In this article, we present a fast and efficient physical layer authentication scheme for software-defined-radio (SDN) enabled 5G heterogeneous network (HetNet). In the scheme, we propose to perform the handover authentication with Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) hypothesis test. The K-S based authentication is fast, efficient, and more suitable for physical layer attributes with diverse distribution forms.


Until 1993 the legal prescriptions for the use of iodized salt in Germany were very restricted, so that the iodine content of food was too low as to meet the physiological iodine supply of 100–200 µg per day. Before 1990 >90% of the German population was iodine deficient grade I to III. The use of iodized salt in households and especially in the food industry, mainly the widespread use by bakers and butchers has led to considerable improvement but not normalization of the iodine supply. Adults above 30years of age still have thyroid pathology (goitres, thyroid nodules) in more than 30%. In children and juvenile persons the iodine supply is almost normalized and goitre prevalence decreased considerably. Persons at risk of iodine deficiency are still pregnant women and nursing mothers as well as people in single households. Inadequate (>300 µg per day) and excessive iodine intake (>500 µg per day) should be avoided, since it can induce undesirable effects.


The distribution of free sterols in a sulfur-rich lacustrine sediment of Miocene age deposited in the ancient crater lake
of the Nordlinger Ries (southern Germany) was investigated and compared with the corresponding distributions of esterified
and kerogen-bound sterols. The three fractions exhibited the same suite of principal sterols, with 4α,24-dimethyl-5α-
cholestan-3β-ol, dinosterol and dinostanol displaying the highest concentrations and relative abundances. The distributions
of sterols, steroidal ketones, n-alkanols and isoprenoid alcohols suggest a prevalent deposition of autochthonous
aquatic organic matter under saline conditions. In particular, the high abundance of 4α,24-dimethyl-5α-cholestan-3-one,
dinosterone and dinostanone and the corresponding 4-methyl sterols indicates the importance of dinoflagellate productivity
in this former crater lake and its significant contribution to the sedimentary lipids in the Nordlinger Ries sediment. The
similarity in structures and relative abundance of the major 4-methyl sterols and the corresponding steroidal ketones
suggest that they are biosynthetically linked.


From the practic of teaching in basic college physics to interpret the problems encountered in the practice of teaching and the measures are taken to solve them. We expect to improve the teaching quality of basic college physics.


Objective: To assess the relationship between impacted mandibular third molar presence and the risk for mandibular angle fracture with the effect of various positions of mandibular third molar and the risk of mandibular angle fracture. Materials and Methods: In the North Indian territory, a total of 289 patients with mandibular angle fractures were studied and evaluated for the possible relationship with impacted third molar on the basis of clinical and panoramic radiographical findings. Results: Results that confirmed the highest risk for mandibular angle fracture was associated with mesioangular angulations (45.42%) followed by vertical (26.34%), distoangular in sequence and least risk was found with bucco-version angulations (2.67%) according to Winter′s classification. Additionally, the highest risk of mandibular angle fracture was reported with partially erupted third molar (47.75%), followed by erupted (23.53%) and unerupted third molar (19.38%). Conclusion: The risk for mandibular angle fracture is not only affected by status of eruption, angulations, position, number of roots present in third molar but also by the distance of mandibular third molar from inferior border of mandible and the percentage of remaining amount of bone at the mandibular angle region.


The cells of patients of Niemann-Pick C disease are characterized by the presence of sphingolipids and cholesterol atypical intracellular storages. The existence of a cause-effect relation between the composition, nature and kinetics of the lipid storages and the pathogenesis of the disease still not clear, mainly due to the scarcity and low reliability of the tools that are able to unambiguously recognize the different lipids. In this study we report the use of sticholysine II, a sea-anemone protein able to bind to sphingomyelin, along with its antibody in the analysis of cell lipids. Results demonstrate that the protein recognizes a well-defined lipid-storage vesicles class in the NPC patients fibroblasts. A confocal fluorescence microscopy analysis of the cells labelled with sticholysin together with the cholesterol- dye filipin and cholera toxin that binds specifically GM1, shows that cholesterol and sphingolipids accumulate in different classes of vesicles. In conclusion, we propose Sticholysin as a novel and valuable tool for the study of the nature and the dynamic of lipid storage in so called lysosomal-diseases.


Abstract : Wind tunnel measurements of the aerodynamic force coefficients of solid flat circular, T-10, and ringslot parachute models with and without centerlines were made. Test conditions were M = 0.1 and Re/ft = 670,000 on models with a nominal diameter of approximately 16 in. The results showed general similarities in the effects of various centerline lengths on the different models. With centerline lengths about equal to the suspension line length, tangent force increases from 20% to 26% were obtained. At these configurations the force in the centerline is about one-half the total tangent force. The model trim angle and slope of the moment curve at that point were determined. These show the solid flat circular and T-10 models to be less stable, while the ringslot parameters were nearly unchanged.


A waterproof type electronic device comprising: a cover plate (13), the camera apparatus main body cover disk (2) may be an opening portion (17) opened and closed; fastener (12), the disk cover removably (13 ) is fastened to the camera apparatus main body (2); and a sealing member (24), the sealing member is disposed on at least one (2) of the fastener means 12 and the camera main body, the fastener means 12 and a camera main body ( 2) hermetically sealed. When the disk cover (13) in the fastener (13) fastening means to the camera body (2), the camera apparatus main body (2) at least a portion thereof in the fastener portion (12) is hermetically covered seal. In such a waterproof electronic device of the related art, the operation knob is not formed to have a waterproof structure, and therefore, the water and water component can be relatively easily into such a waterproof type electronic device. If made of a waterproof structure of the operation means, then, from the viewpoint of structure, this space will increase the waterproof mechanism, thus, the entire apparatus can not be manufactured to be compact in size.


I WAS interested to read about RSA's plans for a 'preferred referral network' (VR, October 17, 2015, vol 177, p 377). The pet insurance industry is having problems and it is important to realise that vets have a part to play towards a solution.

Vets undoubtedly benefit professionally and financially by being able to do complex treatments that are costly; insurers used to benefit by the introductions to their policies by vets, leading to a higher uptake within the general pet population and more income from premiums. This effectively stopped in 2005 when the FSMA regulations (part IV of the Financial and Markets Act 2000) came into effect, preventing unauthorised persons from recommending insurance, so one side of the symbiotic relationship disappeared overnight.


The final part of the author's trilogy which began with "The Beloved People" and continued with "Strength for the Morning". In the years after 1945, Britain is still struggling with rationing. This novel captures the growing confidence of Britain in the Fifties and Sixties.


Successful rearing of fish in hatcheries is critical for conservation, recreational fishing, and commercial fishing through wild stock enhancements, and aquaculture production. Flow through (FT) hatcheries require more water than Recirculating-Aquaculture-Systems (RAS) which enable up to 99% of water to be recycled thus significantly reducing environmental impacts. Here, we evaluated the biological and physical microbiome interactions of the built environment of a hatchery from three Atl salmon hatcheries (RAS n=2, FT n=1). Six juvenile fish were sampled from tanks in each of the hatcheries for a total of 60 fish across 10 tanks. Water and tank side biofilm samples were collected from each of the tanks along with three salmon body sites (gill, skin, and digesta) to assess mucosal microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing. The water and tank biofilm had more microbial richness than fish mucus while skin and digesta from RAS fish had 2× the richness of FT fish. Body sites each had unique microbial communities (P<0.001) and were influenced by the various hatchery systems (P<0.001) with RAS systems more similar. Water and especially tank biofilm richness was positively correlated with skin and digesta richness. Strikingly, the gill, skin and digesta communities were more similar to the origin tank biofilm vs. all other experimental tanks suggesting that the tank biofilm has a direct influence on fish-associated microbial communities. The results from this study provide evidence for a link between the tank microbiome and the fish microbiome with the skin microbiome as an important intermediate. IMPORTANCE Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, is the most farmed marine fish worldwide with an annual production of 2,248 million metric tonnes in 2016. Salmon hatcheries are increasingly changing from flow through towards RAS design to accommodate more control over production along with improved environmental sustainability due to lower impacts on water consumption. To date, microbiome studies on hatcheries have focused either on the fish mucosal microbiota or the built environment microbiota, but have not combined the two to understand interactions. Our study evaluates how water and tank biofilm microbiota influences fish microbiota across three mucosal environments (gill, skin, and digesta). Results from this study highlight how the built environment is a unique source of microbes to colonize fish mucus and furthermore how this can influence the fish health. Further studies can use this knowledge to engineer built environments to modulate fish microbiota for a beneficial phenotype.