Introduction A Diffusion Tensor Image (DTI) is calculated from a set of Diffusion Weighted Images (DWI's). Our goal was to find a set of DWI's that could be acquired with the lowest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) possible while still bounding the error in a resulting DTI. We simulated DWI acquisitions and present estimates of the accuracy of DTI calculations for several possible sets of DWI's. One set, newly reported, achieves better results than others tested. For each set of DWI's we evaluated the SNR necessary to keep tensor measurements accurate to within 5%, 10%, or 20%. We are interested in imaging fixed neural tissue, and so we estimated error in the calculated principal diffusion rates for three materials:


The giant resonances of spin-isospin flip mode are studied by measuring the energy and angular distributions of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ electroproduced from ${}^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ and ${}^{9}\mathrm{Be}$ nuclei. Several strong ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ groups are found and angular distributions of these groups are analyzed by distorted-wave impulse approximation calculations using the single particle shell model. The experimental cross section of the groups corresponds to an order of the charge exchange single particle transition strength, establishing them as spin-isospin flip giant resonances. The shell model nature of $(\ensuremath{\gamma},{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})$ results for ${1p}_{3/2}$ shell nuclei are summarized and presented together with previously published data. The obtained results are compared to previously published data for $({\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}},\ensuremath{\gamma}),$ (n,p), ${(e,e}^{\ensuremath{'}}p),$ and $(p,2p)$ reactions. Strong transitions consistent with the giant resonance excitations from the ${1s}_{1/2}$ shell in the core and from the ${1p}_{3/2}$ valence shell are observed.


The lifetime of the 264-kev level of Er/sup 167/ was determined by investigating the coincidences between x rays accompanying K-capture in Tm/sup 167/ and internal conversion electrons for the 57-kev transition. The half life was found to be T/sub 1/2/ = 12.0 plus or minus 0.51 x 10/sup -9/ sec. By taking into account the mixed transition of the 57-kev transition and the conversion in all the shells, the half life of radiative decay was calculated to be T/sub gamma /= 1.4 x 10/sup -8/ sec. This gives for the partial decay periods the values 0/sup -8/ sec. (J.S.R.)


Pure neuronal cultures prepared from 6‐day‐old embryonic chick brains incorporated [3H]‐thymidine in serum‐free medium up to the 4th day in culture. The addition of insulin any time within this culture period caused an increase in thymidine incorporation. This increase in [3H]‐thymidine was correlated with an increase in cell number and percentage of labeling index. Triiodothyronine and endothelial cell growth factor were also active in stimulating [3H]‐thymidine incorporation into chick neuroblasts. The effect of these trophic agents is unique since a variety of known mitogens tested were negative.


The pile foundation has widely applied as the deep foundation project. There are already many researches on vertical load of the pipe foundation. But the horizontal load may be the main control load of the pipe foundation for some buildings, such as the high building, long-span bridge and aqueduct, water engineering workshop on the bank with large eccentricity, harbor wharf and offshore oil platform, etc. In this case, the mechanical characteristics of horizontal load are more complex than the vertical load. The paper summarizes the theoretical method of the correlation research at home and abroad, analyzes the applicability and existing problems of each calculation method for the bearing horizontal force of the pile foundation, puts forward the suggestion and prospect to the research method of the horizontal load.


A nickel-base superalloy sub-scale disc has been studied using neutron diffraction to characterise the residual stress distribution following heat treatment. Strain has been calculated using measured neutron diffraction d-spacings in combination with d0 reference values obtained using three distinct methods, namely, measurement of a stress-free cube, a sin2ψ characterisation (used independently and as a correction factor), and an axial stress balance. In addition, data obtained using the contour method have been included since it allows comparison of diffraction-based data to a technique that does not require a d0 value. In terms of residual stress, agreement between all d0 measurement techniques and the contour method was high, with the exception being those made using the sin2ψ technique. An offset of approximately 350 MPa was observed in these data, and a possible systematic error was ascribed to a unique diffraction characteristic of a γ/γ′ nickel-base superalloy. A global d0 value obtained using a stress balance or stress-free cube was found to be reliable throughout the sample bulk in cases where thermal processing was carried out at a slow rate, such as ageing. However, d0 differences equivalent to 400 µε were observed between central and surface regions when a global d0 was applied to a water-quenched sample.


Objective: to analyze the experience of the intersectoral network for women who suffered violence in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. Methods: qualitative study, consisting of eight indepth interviews with current and former coordinators involved in the creation of the network, 55 meetings' minutes and three services' protocols. The interviews and the minutes were analyzed using the Bardins' content analysis technique. Results: The perspective of integral attention guided the Intersectoral Network actions. The articulated strategy of different entities provided a better intervention on the issue, considering that violence against women is a complex phenomenon that requires specific practices for different instances. Final considerations: Among the challenges to promote the intersectoriality of the services, it was possible to identify the hierarchization and verticalization of services and the still ongoing reproduction of gender stereotypes. Nevertheless, the intersectorial work meant a new approach to the cooperative networks. It shed light into the complex problem of violence against women and by acting jointly, the services provided a more appropriate assistance for women who suffered violence. Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 10, e1509108452, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8452 3


e15658 Background: Rectal cancer is a common and potentially debilitating form of gastrointestinal cancer. Despite advances in surgical and systemic therapies, a significant proportion of patients present with locally advanced or recurrent disease. Interventional radiology (IR) has emerged as a crucial tool in the management of rectal cancer, offering a number of minimally invasive treatments aimed at locally destroying the tumor. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and prognostic significance of combining IR treatments with polypectomy or excisional biopsy in the management of rectal cancer, compared to polypectomy or excisional biopsy alone. Methods: We queried the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for patients diagnosed with primary rectal cancer from the cecum to the sigmoid (primary site codes C209), including the appendix, diagnosed between 2000-2019. Patients were included if management of the primary tumor included either excisional biopsy, polypectomy, or local tumor destruction (LTD) via photodynamic therapy, electrocautery, cryosurgery, or laser ablation (surgical codes 21-24). Variables included for statistical analyses were age at diagnosis, sex, race, stage, and surgical management subtype status. Results: A total of 24309 patients were collected from this search of which 1437 patients were selected that had undergone a combination polypectomy or excisional biopsy with LTD, 15005 patients underwent polypectomy alone, 7481 patients underwent excisional biopsy alone, 386 patients underwent curette and fulguration. On Kaplan-Meier, combination treatment showed a worse mean survival than polypectomy alone (p < 0.01). Combination treatment showed better mean survival than excisional biopsy alone ( < 0.001). The combination treatment showed similar survivability to curette and fulguration. The one-, three-, and five-year survival rates of combination treatment were 98.5%, 95.8%, and 94.8%, respectively, which is significantly greater than excisional biopsy at all points but significantly worse than polypectomy alone at all time points (p's < 0.001). On Cox regression, combination treatment showed no difference in survival to polypectomy alone and curette fulguration. Combination treatment survival was significantly better than excisional biopsy alone (p < 0.001). Additionally, older age (p < 0.001), regional spread of tumor (p < 0.001), and distant spread of tumor (p < 0.0001) were all associated with worse survival outcomes. Conclusions: Combination polypectomy or excisional biopsy with IR LTD procedures are associated with improved survival compared to excisional biopsy alone for the treatment of rectal cancer. Our findings suggest that IR procedures may serve as an effective adjunct treatment option for primary rectal tumor management.


As a new concept system,emergentism supplements the deficiency of the traditional apriorism and empiricism and emphasizes the interaction between organism and environment,holding that the expression of complex language naturally occurs after the exposure of relatively simple learning mechanism to complex language environments.Such a theory broadens the scope of second language acquisition study and provides more study area.This paper briefs the basic contents of emergentism and explores the problem of the combination of emergentism and lexical study in language acquisition.Moreover,the paper unveils the features emergent in the acquisition process of learners at the lexical level and raises new proposals for the lexical teaching of second language.


The search for more effective hypoglycaemic agents continues to be an area of research interest. World Health Organization recommended the use of alternative therapy especially in countries including, Nigeria, where access to conventional treatments of diabetes is inadequate. Majority of people in Abeokuta were majorly peasant farmers and petty traders who could not afford high cost of pharmaceutical remedies of diabetes which is very rampant as a result of poor feeding pattern. However, naturally endowed plants such as Hibiscus sabdariffa are found everywhere, parts of which are taken as vegetables without putting into consideration its hypoglycemic advantages. However, this study could assist in providing some information needed for the health improvement of the rural populace (Abeokuta) as regards diabetes. Combination of 300g M. lucida + 100g A.sativum+l00g Z. officinale produced the best hypoglycaemic effect (69.85%) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. © 2015 Elixir All rights reserved. ARTIC LE INF O Artic le hi story: Received: 9 October 2014; Received in revised form: 28 February 2015; Accepted: 23 March 2015;


The IPMC has perceived performance, so it can be used for making micro-force sensor. But its sensing signal is very weak, a greater influence on perception from the environmental noise signals. In the paper, we design a micro-force sensor system based on IPMC. The current signal conversion of analog circuit, voltage signal amplification, signal processing and other key parts are introduced, meanwhile, the calibration to micro-force sensor is completed. Copyright © 2014 IFSA Publishing, S. L.


Through the auspices of the Department of Energy, the Fresnel lens point-focussing photovoltaic module has evolved into a commercially available, high efficiency low cost option for converting solar energy into electricity. The 15.4% efficient baseline module is undergoing several design improvements to achieve higher efficiencies at high concentrations and lower cost. A 16.5% module will be available in 1984 and 18% Gallium Arsenide modules in 1985. This paper describes the design details and performance characteristics of the baseline module and the design improvements.


During an outbreak of serogroup C sulfonamide-resistant Neisseria meningitidis in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, serogroup C meningococcal polysaccharide was given to 67,000 children between 6 and 35 months of age, using jet injector guns and a 50 microgram dose without any preservative. An equivalent number of children received a diphtheria-tetanus toxoid injection. Allocations of children to the vaccine or control groups were made by the use of random number tables at 24 vaccine centers throughout the city during the period December 12-22, 1972.Serologic studies of 133 children receiving the vaccine or the control materials were completed using a radioimmunoassay technique and indicated that the program of vaccination was effective in initiating serologic response.After 11 months of follow-up, 32 cases of culture- or counterimmunoelectrophoresis-proven serogroup C meningococcal disease have occurred in children who took part in the vaccine trial. Although there is no indication that the vaccine was effective in preventing disease in the children from 6 to 23 months of age, those between 24 and 35 months of age appeared to be protected. The trial is continuing.


In this paper, some results on the superfluous subgroups of a finitely-generated infinite soluble group are obtained, which are the generalizations of the corresponding results of a finite group.


Abstract An extensive series of electron beam welding tests was carried out on numerous case hardenable, heat treatable and high alloy steels. The results of tensile strength, notched impact toughness, bend and hardness tests carried out on the welds produced are summarised in tabular form. Fatigue tests under reversed bending stresses using the Wohler method were carried out on three typical electron beam welding steels. The results of the tests will serve to aid in setting up guidelines for the production of electron beam welded joints.


The principle of proportionality is one of the oldest forms of distribution in the literature of distribution problems. In this article two characterizations of the proportional rule are given: one as the only function that satisfies the axioms of additivity, invariance of scale, equity and convexity; and the other characterization uses the axioms of equal treatment to equals and convexity.


Five sedimentary facies – neritic carbonate platform, lagoon, tidal flat, swamp and barrier island facies – are recorded in the Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation along with abundant ichnofossils. Common ichnofossils in this formation include Zoophycos villae , Zoophycos brianteus , Nereites cf. missouriensis , Chondrites isp., Gordia marina , Taenidium isp., Thalassinoides isp., Palaeophycus isp., Planolites isp. and a kind of bifurcation trail. From observations of the morphology of Zoophycos spreiten in approximately vertical sections, at least three kinds of spreite laminae are distinguished: ligular, crescentic and rectangular forms. Four types of storm deposits (coded as A, B, C, D) are recognised in the carbonates of the Taiyuan Formation and can be explained forming in shallow marine environments, which are distributed in order from near storm wave base to near fair weather wave base respectively.


Aronson and Bichowsky-Slomnicki, (1960) reported that cells of Pasteurella pestis incubated at a pH below 6.7 and a temperature about 35 C undergo a change in their surface charge demonstrable by a decreased electrophoretic mobility. The present communication presents evidence that this decrease in mobility is associated with the formation of a specific antigenic surface component. The presence of this antigen in various strains of P. pestis, as well as its relation to other known antigenic fractions of P. pestis, has been studied. Also, the possible contribution of this antigen to the pathogenesis of plague has been investigated.


Based on the fundamental features of traffic loading,a new modified elasto-plastic model is proposed to describe the deforming characteristics of soils under cyclic loading.A program is compiled through FISH language of FLAC3D,and is used to calculate the dynamic responses of stabilized silt subgrade under traffic loading and the effects of soil parameters on the deformation of subgrade are discussed.The rule of silt subgrade deformation under traffic loads is also analysed in this article.The traffic load has dynamic and repitition characteristics so they are simplified to a discontinuous semi-sinusoidal dynamic load.Soil's plastic deformation will gradually be accumulated for the repeated load,the initial yielding surface increased to the maximum load surface;Under single half sine loading,the stress is maximal at the loading point,the maximal displacement and unrecoverable displacement increased with the decrease of damping parameters,elastic modulus,cohesion,inner friction angle;Under cyclic loading,the deformation is obvious during the early cycles of loading.With the loading number increasing,the growing rate of soil deformation decreases.The results have important theoretical and practical meanings for highway engineering.


Probabilistic load flow calculation is an important tool to analyze the operating state of distribution network. Currently the probabilistic load flow calculation of distribution network with batch distributed generation is facing to new problems. Differing from the large scale transmission network,there are strong correlations among load characteristics,climatic conditions and other multiple variables of distribution network nodes. Aimed at this situation the calculation method of node injected power correlation is proposed. Then node injected power is decoupled with the Cholesky decomposition,converting the distribution network probabilistic load flow calculation to the calculation with uncorrelated input random variables. Hence probabilistic load flow calculation method considering the correlation among nodes for active distribution network is formed. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method are proven by the comparative tests in the part of modified IEEE 33-bus distribution network. The impacts of node correlation on load flow probabilistic distribution are investigated by the proposed method.


An analysis carried out for local power company information system present situation and its problems.The problem that multifarious databases were used in power system are also proposed.The status,the main problems and their solutions of electric power enterprise informatization construction were reviewed.Then we note the following general items concerning electric power enterprise informatization construction.Oriented enterprise application integration model and the realization technology are presented.The results obtained have instructive function for Information Build of Local Electric Power Corporation.


The current study was designed to compare the effects of oral administration of the streptococcal preparation, OK-432, as an adjuvant immunotherapy versus those of intradermal administration of OK-432 on the survival of patients after surgery for gastric cancer. The patients were stratified into two groups after surgery: a curative surgery stratum and a palliative surgery stratum. Then the patients in each stratum were randomly assigned into three groups: an oral placebo group, an oral OK-432 group, and an intradermal OK-432 group. All of the patients were given fluoropyrimidines orally in combination with OK-432 or placebo for 2 years after surgery. A total of 1011 patients were registered between 1982 and 1985, and 970 patients were eligible for statistical analysis. The survival rate of the oral OK-432 group was significantly higher than those of the other two groups after curative surgery. There were no significant difference in the survival rates between the three groups after palliative surgery, however. The effect of oral OK-432 was quite pronounced in patients after curative surgery for stage II to IV gastric cancer, especially in those patients with regional node involvement. Furthermore, it was found that the spleen is necessary for effective immunotherapy with oral OK-432, because the survival rate of the oral OK-432 group was significantly improved in patients whose spleens were preserved, when compared with splenectomized patients. These results demonstrate that oral adjuvant immunotherapy with OK-432 is beneficial after curative surgery for gastric cancer.


A disc-type permanent magnet motor was proposed to directly replace the existing induction motor and deceleration mechanism without modifying the others in order to improve the efficiency of traditional beam pumping unit and simplify its structure.The new system adopted two back-to-back disc-type permanent magnet motors to drive the connecting rod directly.Considering the distribution characteristic of the magnet field in the disc-type permanent magnet motor,the air-gap magnetic flux density of one pole pair was analyzed based on 3D finite element method(FEM),then no-load electromotive force(EMF),torque and axial attractive force were obtained.Since the torque and no-load EMF were coincidence with the prototype experimental results,the 3D FEM results were proved much exacter than that of the traditional analytical method.The novel pumping units driven by disc-type permanent magnet motor has simple structure,high efficiency and high torque at low speed which is benefit to starting.


During the period under review, the India-Pakistan question was before the Security Council during six sessions. On May 5 and 6, 1948, India and Pakistan respectively replied to the Security Council resolution of April 21, 1948. Mr. Nehru, Prime Minister and Minister of External Affairs, stated that the Government of India regretted that it was "not possible for them to implement those parts of the Resolution against which their objections were clearly stated by their delegation" but that if the Council should still decide to send out the Commission, the Indian Government "would be glad to confer with it." Sir Mohamed Zafrullah Khan, for Pakistan, pointing out the differences between the resolution of April 21 and Pakistan's original proposals, stated that the Security Council action was "not acceptable," but "under protest and without prejudice" designated Argentina as Pakistan's nominee for the Commission.


1. Nelson TD, ed. Ageism: Stereotyping and Prejudice Against Older Persons. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2002. 2. Falconer M, O'Neill D. Out with ''the old,'' elderly, and aged. BMJ 2007; 334:316. 3. United Nations Committee on Economic Social and Cultural Rights. The Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of Older Persons. Geneva: United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, 1995. 4. Gill TM, Baker DI, Gottschalk M et al. A program to prevent functional decline in physically frail, elderly persons who live at home. N Engl J Med 2002;347: 1068–1074. 5. Smedley BD, Stith AY, Nelson AR, eds. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Washington DC: National Academies Press, 2002.


The research work discusses the development of simple, selective, precise and rapid spectrophotometric methods for determination of vortioxetine hydrobromide in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. Two methods were developed using different solvents, methanol (method A) and 50: 50% v/v of water: methanol (method B). The vortioxetine hydrobromide quantified at 228nm in method A and 224nm in method B. Both the methods are high sensitive and obeyed beers-lamberts law over the concentration ranges of 2–12 and 3–15 μg/ml−1 for method A and method B respectively and exhibited good correlation coefficient (R2 =0.999). The linear regression equation obtained by least square regression method was Y=0.061x+0.01 and Y=0.061X+0.03 for method A and method B respectively. Two methods were shown the excellent mean recovery of 98.3–100.7 and 98.5–100.3 for method A and method B respectively. Both optimized methods showed the good reproducibility and recovery with standard deviation <1% and percent relative standard deviation <2%. The proposed method A and B was validated for various parameters like accuracy, precision, robustness, ruggedness, limit of detection and limit of quantification as per ICH guidelines and statically. The obtained results proved that proposed methods are precise and accurate and hence can be applied for routine analysis of the vortioxetine hydrobromide in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms in quality control purpose.


This submitted master's thesis offers a solution for the project in the administration of an electronic shop and also gives information how we can work with this administration. The administration GUI is developed as a web application by using web site technology which is also presented in this thesis. The practical section presents the base functions of adminis-tration. Modules: users, categories and products. The master's thesis is linked to the tenable bachelor's thesis "The project and implementation database for the electronic shop by using MS SQL'q


More and more data mining algorithms are applied to a large number of long time series issued by many distributed sensors. The consequence of the huge volume of data is that data warehouses often contain asynchronous time series, i.e. the values have been sampled and are not anymore observed at the same instants. This is a problem when applying data mining algorithms to such asynchronous time series. The standard way to solve this problem is to interpolate intermediate points. We present here two new interpolation approaches which take into account the knowledge of the integral of the time series between two points. The first approach is naive and uses the history of slope values. The second approach is stochastic and provides a confidence interval of interpolated values. The two methods have been assessed experimentally on a real dataset of electric power consumption time series issued from smart meters.


2 Abstract: The use of optimization from reservoirs of hydrocarbon in the world is considered as a serious aim and the first step in this direction is reservoire description. Reservoire modeling performs to recognize more the geometry of oil traps and reservoire management. Generally, this technique is an essential part of oil industry in the fields of study and development processes. Softwares are planning for this aim, can do process of modeling using geostatistic technique, such as RMS. To provide the reservior 3D structural and petrophysical modeling using RMS software, petrophysical and UGC maps were used together. The results showed that the Mansuri is indicating elongate structure, symmetric form and its trend same as Zagros. After making the 3D griding and petrophysical modeling, distribution maps of petrophysical properties such as porosity, water saturation and N/G were constructed. These evidences suggeted that maximum porosity was detected in the eastern part of field, which is more than western part and the zones 1,2 & 3 are showing the best reservior quality in view of petroleum potential. By comparing of the reservior zones, it is resulted that zone 2 is containig more initial oil (65.5%) ratio volume.


Torque transfer device, in particular propeller shaft, especially for motorcycles, with - an outer, hollow shaft-like shaft portion, which has radially inwardly projecting first tooth-like elements, - an inner shaft portion, which projects into the outer hollow shaft-like shaft portion and which has radially outwardly projecting second tooth-like elements, which project into interspaces between the first tooth-like elements, in a circumferential direction of the torque transmission device, the interspaces between the first tooth-like elements are greater than the , so that a relative rotation of the inner shaft portion is made possible in respect to the outer shaft portion in the circumferential direction measured width of the second tooth-like elements to some extent, - a compression spring arrangement that generates a force acting on the inner and outer shaft section axial compressive force, and - a friction damping device which, acted upon by the pressure force damps relative rotations of the inner shaft portion in relation to the outer shaft portion. Between the in circumferential direction of the torque transmitting device successive first and second tooth-like elements are arranged elastic elements.


Now a day's iris patterns play a vital role in gender classification. Iris patterns are distinctive and cannot be changed until it becomes unnatural. This paper focus on gender has been detected using iris images. This work presents a new method for gender classification based on features of the iris texture selected by mutual information to improve gender classification of iris images For determining the recognition performance of the system database of digitized grayscale eye images were used. This grayscale images are segmented. Traditional iris segmentation methods always time-consuming and sensitive to noise. Here, in iris recognition, the segmentation is based on Hough transform used for automatic segmentation and able to localize the circular iris and pupil region. Edge points of iris boundaries are detected with canny edges steps and the threshold values are matched with the hamming distance. The Hamming distance was employed for classification of iris images. This work comes to the conclusion that iris segmentation is an essential part of recognition system and the prediction is based on iris texture features and stop matching when a generation of Iris close match is found.


This article presents a fully integrated charge pump with optimized gate voltages for energy harvesting applications. In this article, design tradeoffs of gate voltages in low input voltage capacitive dc–dc converter designs are discussed and analyzed. The analysis shows that these tradeoffs can result in an optimum point where power losses can be minimized. Hence, gate voltage optimization is proposed to improve the power conversion efficiency. To prove the concept, five- and three-stage charge pumps with optimized gate voltages are implemented with the 180-nm CMOS technique. Down to 0.12-/0.13-V startup voltages are achieved by the proposed five-/three-stages design correspondingly. Comparing it with a similar three-stage linear charge pump in previous state-of-the-art research, a 20% peak power conversion efficiency improvement is achieved by the proposed design under the same 0.18-V input voltage.


Groundwater seepage is an important factor threatening the safety of excavation. In order to reduce the threatening, a simulation of excavation and the seepage process in Guilin city is carried out by FLAC3D. The paper establishes a three-dimensional numerical model through spline interpolation method. The model built by the system of CAD can show the scope of an ancient collapse and the topological relationship among the soil layers in small scale. After that, the fluid-solid coupling technology is used to the pore pressure calculation, which adjusts the parameter by comparing the model simulation results and the site observation results. The regular pore pressure in the excavation is obtained. The results show that the pore pressure fluctuates greatly in excavation area nearby the ancient collapse during the excavation process, the local upward seepage can be driven and flow up under the reverse hydraulic power. It provides suggestions for the excavation construction and as a reference for analyzing stable seepage of groundwater in deep excavation.


The cities of Bangladesh face an overwhelming problem of population growth and extreme poverty. Urban poverty in Bangladesh, however, must be viewed within the context of a predominantly agrarian economy characterized by extreme conditions of generally low living standards, low productivity and widespread unemployment. The country is still mainly rural, with only about 15 per cent of the population living in urban areas. The urban population is estimated to have grown at around 6 per cent annually over the last three decades, compared with the national population growth rate of 2.5 per cent per annum in the 1960s, 2.7 per cent in the 1970s and about 2 per cent in the 1980s. The urban population is expected to increase rapidly because of continued rural-to-urban migration and the territorial extension of existing urban areas. In physical terms, the growth of the cities is taking place both in the densely built-up core areas and in peripheral areas. In the latest population census of 1991, the population of the capital city, Dhaka, was estimated to be about 3.6 million; but the greater Dhaka area including the adjacent urban settlements accounted for more than 6 million of the country's total population of about 110 million. With increasing urbanization especially centered around bigger cities, the problem of providing employment, shelter and basic services to the urban population has become an important policy concern…


In this paper, we formulate a percent mass change equation based on Woodward's transient mass shift and the Cavendish balance equations applied to superconductor Josephson junctions, A correction to the transient mass shift equation is presented due to the emission of the mass energy from the superconductor. The percentage of mass change predicted by the equation was estimated against the maximum percent mass change reported by Podkletnov in his gravity shielding experiments. An experiment is then discussed, which could shed light on the transient mass shift near superconductor and verify the corrected gravitational potential.


Do you sometimes use any of the six common racist slurs described in this episode? Dr. Rihana Mason provides a brief history for each and suggests words that you should use instead. Following that, join us for a conversation on the science of inappropriate language.


Purpose: This study explored the critical relationship between institutional capacity and public performance in the context of Upper Nile State of South Sudan, focusing on the central role of the state in public governance and sustainable development.
Methodology: Through an extensive review of the literature, this study highlights the challenges facing public institutions and highlights the transformative potential of institutional capacity building. The purpose of this study was to reveal the complex relationship between institutional capacity and public performance in Upper Nile State, highlighting the role of institutional strengthening in improving public service delivery and overall governance. The research methods used included an in-depth literature search, providing a comprehensive review of research materials.
Findings: The findings highlight the critical role of institutional capacity building in addressing governance challenges in Upper Nile State. Strong institutions not only improve the efficiency of service delivery, but also promote transparency, accountability and responsiveness to public needs. Good governance, effective leadership and alignment with the broader goals of good governance highlight the importance of institutional capacity building. This research helps us understand how to overcome governance challenges and improve public performance, with a particular focus on institutional capacity. The study highlights the intrinsic link between a country's governance environment and the strength of its institutions, revealing gaps in institutional capacity such as human resources, financial management, governance structures and infrastructure. These shortcomings have led to suboptimal public services, limiting access to services, creating inefficiencies and corruption, all of which have a direct impact on the well-being of the state's citizens. Furthermore, the study highlights the urgent need for comprehensive institutional strengthening efforts in Upper Nile State, including investment in human resources, financial management reforms and improved governance structures. This focus on institutional capacity is essential to address governance challenges, improve public services and contribute to a prosperous future for the people of Upper Nile State.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Furthermore, this study bridges the gap between theory and practical recommendations. It aligns the theory of institutional capacity with concrete results and shows how strengthening institutional capacity can solve identified management problems. This resource provides policy makers and practitioners with a practical road map to improve governance and public service delivery in Upper Nile State and continue to build strong and capable institutions to empower the people of the state. It emphasizes the importance of national and international efforts.


CrowdFill is a system for collecting structured data from the crowd. Unlike a typical microtask-based approach, CrowdFill shows an entire partially-filled table to all participating workers; workers collaboratively complete the table by filling in empty cells, as well as upvoting and downvoting data entered by other workers, using CrowdFill's intuitive data entry interface. CrowdFill ensures data entry is leading to a final table that satisfies prespecified constraints, and its compensation scheme encourages workers to submit useful, high-quality work. We demonstrate how CrowdFill collects structured data from the crowd, from the perspective of a user as well as from the perspective of workers.


The vehicle ride and handling analysis is one of the important aspects in vehicle dynamics. This paper takes a model of amphibious vehicle to establish the exact virtual behavior of vehicles riding and handling base on the virtual design parameter. This vehicle can operate both on ground and water, therefore the analysis model is developed using seven degree of freedom model for ground operation and one degree of freedom model for water operation. The seven DOF are moment of roll, pitch, yaw and all four tires motion while the rest is buoyancy. Therefore, the ability and limitation of the vehicle demonstrate the behavior of unexpected case happened. These facts in turn to be used to improve the ride and handling level during acceleration, deceleration, cornering and step steer. The model also capable to function on the water where as the design of the body work considers the buoyancy concept for stability on every condition of wave surface. The analysis of buoyancy and stability for this model shows the vehicle ability to perform in the state of equilibrium condition under heeling and capsizing on water surface.


Abstract Coming to understand how cultural differences influence interactions between educators and students and their parents is a complex and perhaps life-long discovery. Culture helps to define groups' belief systems and expectations for appropriate behavior, often at a hidden level. Pre-service teachers need multiple opportunities to interact with diverse populations in supervised and reflective environments. This article recounts key experiences in one White American's life that have led to his current understanding of diversity and the role of diversity in education. These experiences occurred throughout my life; some were by chance and others were more prescribed. The article concludes with reflections on lessons learned as they pertain to teacher preparation programs.


Asurvey of the fishes of the Eleven Point River and its tributaries was made between 31 January 1976and 13February 1977. Sixty-three collections, literature records and personal communications revealed 90species distributed among 19families. This study revealed 31 species previously not reported for this river system. The Eleven Point River is a clear, predominantly springfed Ozark stream which is located in western Randolph County. From the Arkansas-Missouri state line, the Eleven Point River flowssouth for approximately 64km before joining the Spring River. Terrain in the Arkansas portion of this river is rugged as the river meanders through the Salem Plateau of the OzarkMountains.


Abstract Following Alfred Schutz's "On Multiple Realities," the religious province of meaning, like the provinces of phantasy, dreaming, and theoretical contemplation, differs from the "world of working," everyday life's form of spontaneity, because its tension of consciousness is more relaxed. The relative passivity characterizing the religious province, which depends on a benevolent transcendent accompanying everyday projects and overcoming the distance between the believer and itself, appears also in religion's release of subliminal processes (e.g., in religious dreams) and in its reliance on passive syntheses. Such syntheses occur in appresentative pairing and apperceptual transfers among diverse symbols and between symbols and the transcendent. Consequently, the religious province becomes a very important site for the "appresentative mindset." In addition, the peculiar epoché of the province is symbolically induced when the very symbol (e.g. temple or ritual) that serves as the gateway into the province and separates it from the "profane" world of everyday life also appresents the transcendent. The unrestrained reliance on appresentative pairing within the religious province overflows its boundaries as the mundane events of everyday life come to appresent the transcendent. The release of subliminal processes and unreflective, passive synthesizing, however, requires critique through theory, Levinasian ethics, and legal and social restraints.


The present invention relates to a light-sensitive ma terial for use in the photomechanical production of print ing plates of the type comprising a support having a light sensitive coating which, when exposed image-wise to light becomes hardened in the exposed areas. The invention provides a light-sensitive material of the above type for use in the photomechanical production of printing plates, in which the light-sensitive coating con sists entirely or partially of at least one epoxy resin of the formula: 5 2


Community colleges across the country have continued to expand since the inception of Joliet Junior College in 1901. The American Association of Community Colleges (AACC, 2010) reported that there are 1,173 community colleges in America, of which 987 are public institutions of higher learning. Additional statistics indicate that there are almost twelve million students enrolled in the community college system (AACC, 2010). Over the years many changes have occurred that affect who attends community college, no change more significant than the focus on meeting the needs of a diverse population. Many unique characteristics, such as being of minority status, being financially disadvantaged, and being a firstgeneration


Abstract The historical and contemporary context of pastoral care and counselling within the judaeo/Christian tradition is reviewed. Three kinds of pastors who use counselling in their work - Christian, specialist, and generic - are identified and the ethical problems of their positions clarified. The ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice are applied to the counselling work of pastors. Theology's definition of various ethical levels, and the impact of these upon the professional ethics of pastoral carers and counsellors, are explored, and some conclusions for the future drawn.


The tyllBA region of the tylosin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces fradiae contains at least five open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 {tyll) encodes a cytochrome P450 and mutations in this gene affect macrolide ring hydroxylation. The product of 0RF2 (tylB) belongs to a widespread family of proteins whose functions are speculative, although tylB mutants are defective in the biosynthesis or addition of mycaminose during tylosin production. ORFs 3 and 4 (tylA1 and tylA2) encode δTDP‐giucose synthase and δTDP‐glucose dehydratase, respectively, enzymes responsible for the first two steps common to the biosynthesis of all three deoxyhexose sugars of tylosin via the common intermediate, δTDP‐4‐keto, 6‐deoxygiucose. ORF5 encodes a thioesterase similar to one encoded in the erythromycin gene cluster of Saccharopolyspora erythraea.


WHILST IT is a truism to state that arbitration requires consent, it has been established for some years that a claimant need not have a contractual relationship with the respondent to initiate arbitral proceedings. One well-known arbitrator referred to a new territory for international arbitration waiting to be discovered1 as a result of the ever increasing network of multilateral and bilateral investment treaties (BITs)2 and national investment laws pursuant to which an investor may initiate arbitral proceedings.3 Arbitration without privity has been confirmed in a number of ICSID decisions in recent years.4

The Report of the Executive Directors of the World Bank on the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States stated in 1965:

> a host State might in its investment promotion legislation offer to submit disputes arising under certain classes of investments to the jurisdiction of the Centre and the investor might give his consent thereto in writing. Consent to arbitration may therefore be by reference to investment laws and/or bilateral investment treaties.

A whole new continent may now have been discovered following the decision of Emilio Augustin Maffezini v. Kingdom of Spain ,5 although it may be some considerable time before its contours are mapped and charted.6 The Maffezini decision confirms that as a result of a 'most favoured nation' (MFN) clause, a claimant has the right to rely on the terms of a consent to ICSID's jurisdiction contained in other BITs.

It remains to be seen how the 'gatekeeper' of ICSID, the Secretary-General, will exercise his power to 'screen' requests pursuant to the ICSID Convention and ICSID's Additional Facility Rules based on an MFN clause.

ICSID is a part of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ('the World Bank'). The purpose of the …


A recent murder trial in Belgium attracted widespread media attention and raised marked concerns within the Parkinson's community. On trial was a 55-year-old man with a 14-year history of Parkinson's disease (PD) who confessed to raping and then murdering 2 women. He had attempted to victimize 2 additional women in a similar way. His defense lawyers argued that pathological impulsivity caused by his dopaminergic treatment was responsible for his actions. Our aim here is to place this devastating case history in a broader perspective, highlighting the need to carefully judge a person's actions against the background of a highly complex neuropsychiatric disorder such as PD, its treatment and treatment-related side effects, substance abuse, and any premorbid character traits.


Deep neck space infection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with the submandibular space being a common site of infection. Causes include odontogenic infections, submandibular sialadenitis, lymphadenitis, trauma, or surgery. This case report describes an uncommon cause of fish bone migration to the submandibular gland with consequent abscess formation. Apart from fish bones, a variety of foreign bodies in salivary glands has been described in previous case reports, including toothbrush bristles, slivers of fingernails, wood splinters, hairs or blades of grass.1


We developed a computer-based learning tool that is an Interactive Learning Object (ILO) for protein synthesis, specifically for eukaryotic organisms. Two (2) modules were developed, each for DNA transcription and protein translation, respectively. The ILO modules were designed according to the Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) learning object standard. Using the Multimedia Educational Resources for Learning and Online Teaching (MERLOT) subject categories, in a scale of 5.0, the ILO obtained mean ratings of 3.9 for Reusability, 4.0 for Quality of Interactivity, and 3.8 for Potential Effectiveness as a Teaching Tool across three (3) student-rater groups, namely: college students biology major, college students non-biology major, and high school students. Moreover, the Quality of Interactivity category showed statistical differences in mean ratings, which suggests that the ILO modules possessed truly interactive multimedia qualities. Overall, the developed ILO got a mean rating of approximately 4.0, which means "very good overall" in the MERLOT rating scale and which further shows that it complies with the standard in developing reusable learning objects.


The effectiveness of the Er:YAG laser for caries removal was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. As the in vitro study, thirty-two extracted human teeth with cervical root caries were used. An axially divided half of each caries lesion was treated with the Er:YAG laser, and the other was removed with round steel burs mounted on a micromotor or was left untreated as a control. Laser irradiation was performed in contact and non-contact mode at 145 mJ/pulse (51.3 J/cm2/pulse) and 10 pps under water spray. Conventional micromotor treatment was performed at 10,000 rpm using some different size of round steel burs. Measurement of time required for caries removal, histological observation of decalcified serial sections, SEM observation and hardness measurement of the cavity floor dentin were conducted with both laser and conventional treatments. In addition to the above in vitro study, the usefulness of root caries treatment with the Er:YAG laser was assessed in vivo as a clinical trial. The results indicated that removal of carious dentin using the Er:YAG laser was completed effectively to the same extent as the conventional treatment and thermal damage of the lased cavity was minimum. The Er:YAG laser treatment diminished unpleasant sound and vibration, when compared with the conventional rotary technique. We conclude that the Er:YAG laser possesses the promising characteristics for caries removal.


Youth organizations and the curriculum.-Recent trends in youth movements and organizations indicate a growing wish on the part of adult leaders not only to occupy boys and girls in wholesome leisure-time pursuits, but also to enlist them in co-operative community enterprises involving civic, social, or religious welfare. The success of many extra-school organizations, such as the Boy Scouts and the 4-H Clubs, in rendering educational services of a highly effective nature has caused educational leaders to consider the implications of the movements for the public school. Reactions of educators have varied from recommendations that such organizations remain under extra-school control, drawing on the advice of educational experts to improve their educational service, to protests that they have usurped purely educational functions and should abdicate in favor of the public school. A comprehensive discussion of the social and educational contributions of youth organizations and their implications for the curriculum is contained in the report' of a survey conducted under the Works Progress Administration and issued as a publication of the Progressive Education Association.


This article sets out the methodology of calculation of the separation cascade from the position of the graph theory. This approach allows us to generalize some previously known of the theory of separation of logical complement for the practice.


This paper get the data by questionnaire,construct the evaluation index system of blog marketing competence in tourism enterprise by factor analysis of SPSS.The system includes 5 first-grade indexes and 19 second-indexes.Blog marketing management competence includes the integration with traditional marketing,the integration with internet marketing,the blog marketing strategy,the tourism demand recognition and the marketing target selection;blog marketing decision making competence includes the marketing opportunity recognition and utilizing,the bad information processing and the critical incident response;blog marketing supporting competence includes the blog influence,the firm credibility,the blog marketing perceiving and the reserve of blog talents;the blog marketing performance includes the transmitting rate,the click rate,the Heel stick rate and the replacement rate of blog;tourism blog application competence includes the blog creative ability and the blog event planning.


The shaman (curer) in this paper is defined as an individual who gains special healing and religious powers through a &dquo;spirit guide&dquo; of some type. As Hippler points out, there is extensive literature on shamans and curers which tends to polarize shamans either as deviants and abnormal or as well-integrated personalities. The literature also suggests that shamans are viewed ambivalently and may or may not be to some extent conscious fakers. The shaman is felt to owe his success to his ability to deal with unconscious materials, to the faith of his clients, and to the generally higher tolerance for deviance that tends to exist in primitive cultures. He is seen as shrewd and competent, conservative and adaptable, and highly disorganized. Hippler's goal in this paper is to offer a more global perspective


A Neural Network algorithm was tested in two Italian sites for producing multi-temporal soil moisture maps starting from ENVISAT/ASAR images, collected in 2003 and 2004. Several SAR images were analyzed for a flat agricultural area located close to Alessandria in North-west Italy, and a mountainous site on the Italian Alps. The obtained results showed a reasonable agreement with ground truth data and meteorological conditions, and maps with 4-5 levels of soil moisture of both the test sites were generated from the available ENVISAT ASAR images. A further validation of the retrieval algorithm was carried out by using two ENVISAT images collected form the Kemjoki River beat bog area in Finland, on May 7, 2004 and July 27, 2005. In spite of the problems related to the wideness and non-homogeneity of the area, and the lack of detailed ground measurements, the results obtained by using the Artificial Neural Network can be considered satisfactory. Soil moisture is a key state variable that influences the redistribution of the radiant energy and the runoff generation and percolation of water in soil. We know that local measurements of soil moisture content (SMC) are strongly affected by spatial variability, besides being time-consuming and expensive. Moreover, the use of hydrological models for extending the forecast of soil moisture over larger areas is not easy, and depends on the homogeneity of the selected areas and the information available on them (soil properties, i.e. hydraulic characteristics, and permeability, together with meteorological and climatological data, etc.). The possibility of measuring soil moisture on a large scale from satellite sensors, with complete and frequent coverage of the Earth's surface, is, therefore, extremely attractive. However, up to now, the only available frequency from space is C band, operational on ERS-2, RADARSAT, and ENVISAT satellites, which is not the optimal for this aim. The retrieval of soil moisture maps at C-band is, in fact, still challenging, since the effects of soil surface roughness and vegetation cover on the backscattering coefficient at this frequency is high, and needs the use of correcting procedures (1-3). In spite of these problems, multi-temporal soil moisture maps have been already produced in two Italian sites starting from ENVISAT/ASAR images, collected in 2003 and 2004, by using an algorithm based on Neural Networks. In this case several SAR images were analyzed for a flat agricultural area, located in North-west Italy, and a mountainous site on the Italian Alps. The obtained results showed a satisfactory agreement with ground truth data and meteorological conditions, and enabled us to generate maps with 4-5 levels of soil moisture of both the test sites from the available ENVISAT ASAR images (4). Using ENVISAT data collected on the Kemijoki area in Finland, a further validation of the retrieval algorithm was carried out. In spite of the problems related to the difference in polarization configuration, the wideness and non-homogeneity of the area, and the lack of detailed ground measurements, the results obtained by using the Artificial Neural Network were satisfactory.


The article analyses to what extent the use of brands on packaging in the field of tobacco, alcohol and food can be prohibited or restricted by governments to protect consumers' health. After introducing the most important packaging-related measures adopted or proposed in the industries in question and highlighting the differences between the concepts of "registration" and "use" of brands, the paper will make the point that the TRIPS Agreement and the Paris Convention do not offer trademark owners a positive right to use brands, but just a negative right (i.e. the right to prevent third parties from exploiting the sign), which makes the measures analysed in the paper lawful and compliant with those international treaties. In light of the evidence gathered thus far, the measures in question seem also to be capable of meeting the desired target, namely consumers' health.


This volume covers the period from the beginning of biochemistry in the work of Priestley and Lavoisier to its final flourish before the new science of molecular biology split from it in the 1940s.


6110 Background: Antineoplastic therapy is generally considered high-risk treatment due to the narrow therapeutic margin. Recently, safety-related consequences of medication errors involving antineoplastic agents have become the major focus of quality improvement in health care settings in the United States.

METHODS
In 1995 a group, consisting of medical oncologists from TCI, oncology nurses and pharmacists from FH met to review the safety and efficiency of the chemotherapy ordering process. Because errors can result from illegibility due to individually handwritten chemotherapy orders, computerized preprinted orders (CPO) were developed. A standard chemotherapy ordering process for both inpatient and outpatient settings was formulated. CPOs were piloted for inpatients receiving chemotherapy. These orders include premedication, antiemetics, drug dosage, dilution, infusion rate, and proper administration sequence. Chemotherapy regimens were categorized by tumor types. Because the practice of oncology is a dynamic process, new chemotherapy regimens are included regularly in the CPO process. Over 145 chemotherapy and supportive care regimens are available as of December 2003. This process was extended to the outpatient setting at FH in February 2003 and at all affiliated outpatient clinics. CPOs were placed on a common computer drive for accessibility at multiple locations and were write-protected. Additionally, CPOs were transferred to a removable external drive for portability, enabling use by physicians at their offices.

RESULTS
Since this process was initiated no major error related to chemotherapy has been reported. There have been 79 inpatient and about 2200 outpatient chemotherapy treatments since this process was initiated.

CONCLUSIONS
To improve safety of the chemotherapy process, we developed standardized CPO. We believe its implementation has decreased the potential for errors related to chemotherapy administration. To increase accessibility, we plan to transfer this process to the use of portable handheld devices and to incorporate it onto our secure website so it can be accessed via the Internet from any of our sites in the future. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


The present article aims to address some solutions to the problems of 2D and 3D graphical documentation in contemporary art objects. The garden bench by JAolio Resende in the Parnaso building located in the city of Porto was selected as a case study. With the combination of some systems of representation, it was intended to collect a comprehensive set of information that would enable the characterization of the object, as well as to establish the relation of applicability of the documentation methodology to the specific issues of the work with emphasis on support in the definition of intervention criteria and methods and, consequently, to present a documentation methodology for contemporary art. Starting from these premises the survey will be approached in different ways through 2D graphic registration, photogrammetry and 3D computer graphics.


Ontology Matching (OM) plays an important role in many domains such as bioinformatics and the Semantic Web, and its research is becoming increasingly popular, especially with the application of machine learning (ML) techniques. Although the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) represents an impressive effort for the systematic evaluation of OM systems, it still suffers from several limitations including limited evaluation of subsumption mappings, suboptimal reference mappings, and limited support for the evaluation of ML-based systems. To tackle these limitations, we introduce five new biomedical OM tasks involving ontologies extracted from Mondo and UMLS. Each task includes both equivalence and subsumption matching; the quality of reference mappings is ensured by human curation, ontology pruning, etc.; and a comprehensive evaluation framework is proposed to measure OM performance from various perspectives for both ML-based and non-ML-based OM systems. We report evaluation results for OM systems of different types to demonstrate the usage of these resources, all of which are publicly available as part of the new BioML track at OAEI 2022.


Objective: To measure the prevalence of somatisation (multiple somatic symptoms and hypochondriasis) among Australian general practice attendees, its recognition by general practitioners, and its relationship with symptoms of depression and anxiety.


Mr A.G.Lee's acute consideration of my remarks on the maxim (PCPS n.s.21 [1975] 63—4) arrives at an important conclusion. This maxim, one of the basic rules of ancient and, with suitable qualification, modern scholarship, was first formulated in the fifth century B.C. I should be happy to believe that he is right, and that credit for a valuable idea should be given to a sophist whose identity can no longer be ascertained (cf. Dr N.J.Richardson, ibid., 65ff.). My reason for venturing to raise the matter again is a feeling that the premisses of his argument are not quite beyond dispute. In discussing the anecdote about Agathon Mr Lee says that the use of the verb is surprising, since would be expected. Perhaps I am insensitive to nuance, but I confess to being unable to follow him at this point. 'To cause to disappear' seems to me at least as good as 'to strip' in the context of the anecdote. Certainly LSJ suggest that the verb is common in several closely related senses in Attic authors of the classical period.


Background: Non-compact myocardium is a form of cardiomyopathy, which is characterized by an abnormal trabecular (non-compact) layer of the ventricular myocardium. The correlation between the severity of a non-compact myocardial layer and peculiarities of course and outcome of the disease remains unclear. Objective: Our aim was to examine the relationship of the ratio value of the non-compact and compact myocardial layer (NC/C) thickness, as well as of the number of non-compact segments of the left ventricle (LV) of the heart with the risk of death and thrombotic complications in children with dilated phenotype of non-compact myocardium. Methods: The results of a prospective cohort study, which included children hospitalized to a specialized hospital from October 2011 to May 2015, are presented. The presence of non-compact myocardium was established on the basis of echocardiography results. Results : The study included 48 children with non-compact myocardium and LV myocardium remodelling on the dilatation phenotype. Fatal outcome in 19 (8; 61) months from the date of detection of heart changes occurred in 11 (23%) cases. The development of thrombotic complications (cardioembolism, intravascular thrombosis before or during the observation) is recorded in 8 (17%) children. The risk of death and thrombotic complications did not depend on the NC/C value and the number of non-compact LV segments. Conclusion: The value of the ratio of NC/C and the number of non-compact LV myocardial segments does not allow to predict the course of the disease in children with dilated phenotype of non-compact myocardium in relation to the development of thrombotic complications and occurrence of fatal outcome.


The invention discloses a loadable planar angle-changing analog simulation experiment device. The device comprises an angle-changing device, a loading device, an upper fixing device and a lower fixing device, and is characterized in that the angle-changing device comprises a fine-tuning angle-changing device and a fastening angle-changing device, wherein the angle-changing device is connected with the upper fixing device and the lower fixing device; the loading device comprises a loading jack, an upper bearing plate upper cushion, an upper bearing plate lower cushion, a lower bearing plate and a force sensor and is connected with the top end of the upper fixing device by virtue of an upper fastening bolt; the force sensor is connected with a computer data acquisition system by virtue of a circuit; the upper fixing device comprises a left mounting frame, a right mounting frame and a bottom mounting frame which are welded integrally; and the lower fixing device is a bottom bearing frame of the experiment device. The invention also discloses a method for applying the device to perform a planar angle-changing analog simulation experiment. The device has the advantages of reasonability in design, convenience in loading, easiness for operation and realization and the like, the angle is adjustable, and the change of inclination angles and bearing load of engineering environment such as rocks and soils, geology and mines can be accurately simulated; and therefore, the requirement of the analog simulation experiment is met.


We analyse the travelling wave solutions in an adiabatic model with two-step chain branching reaction mechanism. We show that the behaviour of the combustion waves are similar to the case of the corresponding nonadiabatic one-step reaction, namely there is residual amount of fuel left behind the travelling waves and the solutions can exhibit extinction. We also analyse how the speed of the travelling wave solutions and the residual amount of fuel left behind the fuel change, as control parameters are varied.

 References V. V. Gubernov, G. N. Mercer, H. S. Sidhu and R. O. Weber, Evans function stability of nonadiabatic combustion waves, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A , 460 , 2004, 2415--2435. doi:10.1098/rspa.2004.1285 G. Joulin, A. Linan, G. S. S. Ludford, N. Peters and C. Schmidt-Laine, Flames with chain-branching/chain-breaking kinetics, SIAM J. Appl. Math. , 45 , 1985, 420--434. A. Linan, A theoretical analysis of premixed flame propagation with an isothermal chain-branching reaction Insituto Nacional de Technica Aerospacial ``Esteban Terradas'' (Madrid), USAFOSR Contract No. E00AR68-0031, Technical Report No. 1, 1971. A. Makino, Fundamental aspects of the heterogeneous flame in the self propagating hightemperature synthesis (SHS) process, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. , 27 , 2001, 1--74. A. G. Merzhanov and E. N. Rumanov, Physics of reaction waves, Rev. Mod. Phys. , 71 , 1999, 1173--1211. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.71.1173 H. Pitsch, and M. Bollig, 1994, FlameMaster, A Computer Code for Homogeneous and One-Dimensional Laminar Flame Calculations , RWTHAachen, Institut fur Technische Mechanik, 1994. A. L Sanchez, G. Balakrishnan, A. Linan and F. A. Williams, Relationships between bifurcation and numerical analyses for ignition of hydrogen-air diffusion flames, Combust. Flame , 105 , 1996, 569--590. A. L. Sanchez, A. Lepinette, M. Bolling, A. Linan, and B. Lazaro, 2000, The reduced kinetic description of lean premixed combustion, Combust. Flame , 123 , 2000, 436--464. K. Seshadri, N. Peters and F. A. Williams, 1994, Asymptotic analyses of stoichiometric and lean hydrogen-air flames, Combust. Flame , 96 , 1994, 407--427. P. L. Simon, S. Kallidasis and S. K.Scott, Inhibition of flame propagation by an endothermic reaction, IMA J. Appl. Math. , 68 , 2003, 537--562. doi:10.1093/imamat/68.5.537 J. K. Bechtold and C. K. Law, The structure of premixed methane-air flames with large activation energy, Combust. Flame , 97 , 1994, 317--338. doi:10.1016/0010-2180(94)90024-8 J. Warnatz, U. Maas and R. W. Dibble, Combustion: physical and chemical fundamentals, modelling and simulation, experiments, pollutant formation , Springer, Berlin, 1996. R. O. Weber, G. N. Mercer, H. S. Sidhu and B. F. Gray, Combustion waves for gases ($Le = 1$) and solids ($Le \rightarrow 1$), Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A , 453 , 1997, 1105--1118. doi:10.1098/rspa.1997.0062 C. K. Westbrook and F. Dryer, Simplified reaction mechanisms for the oxidation of Hydrocarbon Fuels in Flames, Combust. Sci. Tech. , 27 , 1981, 31--43. Ya. B. Zeldovich, G. I. Barenblatt, V. B. Librovich and G. M Makhviladze, The mathematical theory of combustion and explosions Consultants Bureau, New York, 1985. J. W. Dold, R. O. Weber, R. W. Thatcher and A. A. Shah, Flame Ball With Thermally Sensitive Intermediate Kinetics Combust., Combust. Theory Mod. , 7 , 2003, 175--203. J. W. Dold and R. O. Weber, Reactive-Diffusive stability of planar flames with modified Zeldovich--Linan kinetics. In: F. J. Higuera, J. Jime'nez and J. M. Vega (Eds), Simplicity, Rigor and Relevance in Fluid Mechanics. A volume in honor of Amable Linan , CIMNE (Barcelona), 2004. V. V. Gubernov, G. N. Mercer, H. S. Sidhu and R. O. Weber, Evans function stability of combustion waves. SIAM J. Appl. Math. , 63 , 2003, 1259--1275. doi:10.1137/S0036139901400240


Based on an analogue for systems of partial isomorphisms between lower sections in a complemented modular lattice we prove that principal right ideals $aR \cong bR$ in a (von Neumann) regular ring $R$ are perspective if $aR \cap bR$ is of finite height in $L(R)$. This is applied to derive, for existence-varieties $\mathcal{V}$ of regular rings, equivalence of unit-regularity and direct finiteness, both conceived as a property shared by all members of $\mathcal{V}$.


This paper seeks to explain how the author - reader relationship produces territories from which to read. It also raises the idea of the fragment as a poetic, capable of building complete stories and round characters. Facing the writer with his heteronimo trying to understand the relationship and the tensions that arise between them and how they are transferred to their readers.


A variable platelet count without obvious etiologic factors is often observed in newborns. In this study we evaluate the platelet count (plt) and the platelet indices in umbilical venous blood of full term, healthy newborns. We also investigate the relationship of platelet indices with several clinical parameters.Methods: Platelet count (plt-m, plt-u) and platelet indices: Mean Platelet Volume (MPV-m, MPV-u), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW-m, PDW-u) and Plateletcrit (Plcr-m, Plcr-u) in 50 paired maternal and umbilical venous specimens were determined at delivery. The maternal age, blood pressure, serum glucose and the mode of delivery were recorded. The gestational age, birth weight, length, and the 1st minute Apgar score were documented as well.Results: The mean (sd) and the p value of the platelet parameters (maternal vs. umbilical) were determined: plt-m :234±69, (range 114–306) vs. plt-u: 271±57, (range 113–274), p=0.001; MPV-m: 8.7±0.1.1 vs. MPV-u: 7.2±0.5, p<0.001; PDW-m:17.1±0.7 vs. PDW-u: 16.3±0.5, p<0.001; Plcr-m:0.2±0.05 vs. Plcr-u:0.19+0.04, p=0.3. A significant relationship was demonstrated between umbilical platelet count and maternal blood pressure (BP): Systolic BP: r=0.26, p=0.05, Diastolic BP: r=0.26, p=0.05. Associations between platelet indices and the other clinical and laboratory parameters were found to be insignificant.Conclusions: The umbilical platelet count was significantly higher than the simultaneous maternal values. However, the MPV and PDW were significantly higher in maternal specimens. Importantly, a significant relationship was demonstrated between umbilical platelet count and maternal blood pressure.


Compared with cervical cytology, human papillomavirus (HPV)-based testing might be more effective in screening for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (Lancet 2014; 383:524). Urine-based HPV testing is emerging as an alternative to cervical sampling — and many women would prefer providing urine specimens to undergoing vaginal speculum examinations. In …


The effectiveness of foliage spraying with urea to augment the seasonal internal cycling of N in winter Jujube was studied.Different branches leaves of 6-year-old trees were painted with 5% abundance of ~(15)N-urea solution after fruit harvesting.Results showed that ~(15)N was detected in all the tree organs during the dormant season.In the following year ~(15)N was also detected in new growth organs(deciduous spurs,leaves and flowers).The treated branches and adjacent organs were the main sinks of Nitrogen in the dormant season.Ndff% in the treated branches was significantly decreased during dormant season.And a decrease of 59.13% was observed in the new growth branch treated and 69.05% in the perennial branches.Reserved nitrogen was reused for initial growth(leaves and deciduous spurs). ~(15)N stored in perennial organs also remobilized to sustain new growth of treated branches.It is different from the treated new growth branch, ~(15)N stored in the treated perennial branches is not only transported for new organs growth,but also for roots grewth.


This work aimed to evoluate physiological response of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) seeds submitted to salt stress. Seeds of cultivars 'Epace-10'; 'Canapu' and 'Pitiuba' of cowpea, were submitted to germination test in germinator at 250C, in "germitest" papers imbibed in distilled water or in 0, 10, 50, 100 and 200mol m-3 NaCl solutions. At the first and second counting of the germination test, normal seedlings were accounted, weighted and dried, obtaining data for vigor, total germination, fresh matter weight and dry matter weight. The seedlings hypocotyls, root and total length were measured total proteins content in cotyledons were obtained from germinating seeds. The presence of salt at concentrations higher than 50mol m-3 NaCl affect the germination, seedlings growth and cotyledons total protein synthesis of all cowpea cultivars. The seeds of cultivar pitiuba were is more tolerant to salinity, than the cultivars Canapu and Epace-10.


Aim and Objectives: It is a known fact that, consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in potassium and other ions is a critical component of the special diet approach to controlling hypertension and decrease cardiovascular disease. Less well documented are the effects of under-utilized wild beans which may help reduce the risk of metabolic diseases instigated by high fats diet. Hence this present study is to compare the biochemical effectiveness of some selected wild and edible beans on rats fed with high-fat diets. Results and Conclusion: Lipid profile result carried out in the blood showed high density lipoprotein to be significantly (P ≤ 0,05) high in Pakala group with a value of 2.2±0.02 compare to other groups. While for low density lipoprotein (LDL); rats with Otili in their diet had the highest LDL with a value of 0.45±0.01. However, the group of rats fed with Feregede had the least cholesterol level compared to other groups of rats fed with respective wild beans and the negative control group. There, was a significant difference in the phosphorus level between the wild and edible beans and pronounced impact of High-fat diet in rats fed with Feregede compared to other rats fed with other wild beans.


Theory is divorced from practice lessons of music composition technology theory,which generally exists in normal universities and colleges. Harmonics,which belongs to the category of composition theory,has the strong characteristics in theory and practice,but is often neglected in actual teaching by practice. Improvised accompaniment is a kind of skill lesson with a lot of practice,but often requires the support of the theory of harmony to achieve the good results. This paper tries to solve the problem of theory divorcing from practice from the comprehensive teaching of harmony and piano improvised accompaniment lessons and leads to some reflection from the teaching style.


Summary 1. A method for assaying the enzyme mutarotase in rat kidney and rat intestine was developed. 2. Kidney contains considerably more enzyme than intestine and the activity appears to be concentrated in the tubules. 3. Intestinal mucosa was fractionated into brush border and supernatant fractions by the method of Crane. Brush border membrane contained most of the mucosal invertase but little of the mutarotase. Ninety per cent of the mutarotase remained in a supernatant fraction after removal of brush border. 4. The possible implications of these findings in connection with mechanism of sugar transport are discussed.


This is a very complete review of the research work carried out on the very important subject of E.P. Lubricants. In this work Dr. Davey has himself taken a very prominent part. No one is therefore more capable of preparing this very valuable contribution than he.


The utility model belongs to the technical field of conveying devices, and discloses a loading and unloading conveyor, which is mainly technically characterized by comprising a framework with wheels and conveying belts. The framework is equipped with a lifting rack connected with a lifter, the conveying belts are connected with the lifting rack, bottoms of the conveying belts are equipped with fan-shaped teeth, and the lifter is equipped with gears matching with the fan-shaped teeth. When needing to adjust heights of the conveying belts of the loading and unloading conveyor, an operator only needs to press a button to enable the lifter to lift the lifting rack. When needing to adjust angles of the conveying belts, the operator only needs to press the button to enable the gear to drive the fan-shaped teeth to rotate, thereby adjusting the angles of the conveying belts and enabling heights of two ends of each conveying belt to meet requirements. During a loading and unloading process, the conveyor has no need of grounding with one end, can be optionally adjusted in height and angle, can be adaptable to various loading and unloading occasions, shortens loading and unloading time and decreases loading and unloading cost.


Objectives. – To evaluate surgical treatment for genital prolapse in patients over the age of 75. Patients and methods. – This is a continuous retrospective series of 43 patients operated for genital prolapse between March 2001 and October 2006. Surgical outcomes in terms of anatomical correction as well as urological and proctological results were analyzed. Morbidity and mortality studies were carried out. A satisfaction and quality of life assessment was carried out among 19 patients (44%) by an independent researcher at a distance from the intervention. Results. – Morbidity attributable to the surgery was minimal, with no cases of mortality. Mean hospital stay was five days. Anatomical correction was good without troubling urological or proctological consequences. Two surgical options were compared: surgery with vaginal occlusion in 23 patients (53.5%) and vaginal conserving surgery in 20 patients (46.5%). Surgical outcomes and morbidity were equivalent in the two groups. Seventy-nine percent of patients surveyed at a distance from the interventions estimated that the procedure had improved their quality of life. * Auteur correspondant. Adresse e-mail : email@example.com (G. Rathat). 1297-9589/$ – see front matter # 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés. doi:10.1016/j.gyobfe.2008.06.005 G. Rathat et al. / Gynécologie Obstétrique & Fertilité 36 (2008) 743–747 744 Discussion and conclusion. – Surgical treatment for genital prolapse in the very elderly population is a reasonable therapeutic option. Postoperative evaluation demonstrates good anatomical as well as functional results in the majority of cases. # 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés. Mots clés : Prolapsus génital ; Chirurgie ; Patiente âgée


Department of Fishing and Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, C¸ anakkale Onsekiz Mart University, C¸ anakkale, TurkeyIntroductionLength–weight relationships of rays are not frequentlyreported from species and populations along the Turkishcoast. Such data are useful for various purposes such asdetermining stock structure. In this study we report length–weight relationships for seven species of rays obtained by trawlfisheries in the Saros Bay (Northern Aegean Sea), where thereis little or no data available in the scientific literature or inhttp://www.fishbase.org. Additionally, for comparative pur-poses we compiled the relationships for several species forwhich there are no data in FishBase.Materials and methodsSamples were collected at depths ranging from 5 to 450 m inSaros Bay, North Aegean Sea using a commercial bottomtrawl net from February 2005 to December 2007. Fish weremeasured to the nearest cm (total length) and weighed to thenearest g. Length–weight relationships were calculated sepa-rately according to sex. Length and weight data were also log-transformed and plotted for visual inspection of outliers;extreme outliers were omitted from the analyses. Parameters ofthe weight–length relationships were estimated by the least-squares method applied to the log-transformed data for males,females and combined as:log W ¼ log aþb log L;where, W = weight (g), L = total length (cm), a = intercept,and b = slope of the linear regression. Species that gave toosmall a sample size (n < 10) were not taken into account.Specimens with broken or incomplete tails were excluded.Results and discussionAnalyzed were 936 individuals belonging to 11 elasmobranchspecies from 4 families: Rajidae, 6 species; Dasyatidae, 2;Gymnuridae, 1; and Myliobatidae, 2 species. All sample sizes,minimum and maximum length and weight, parameters oflength–weight relationship (a and b), 95% confidence intervalsof b and the coefficient of determination (r


Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 77:618–629 doi:10.2136/sssaj2012.0303 Received 13 Sept. 2012 *Corresponding author (email@example.com). © Soil Science Society of America, 5585 Guilford Rd., Madison WI 53711 USA All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permission for printing and for reprinting the material contained herein has been obtained by the publisher. Soil Organic Carbon Accretion vs. Sequestration Using Physicochemical Fractionation and CQESTR Simulation Soil & Water Management & Conservation


In the environmental debate, global problems clearly gained importance. Successful international conventions could reduce the threats posed by acid rain, ozone depletion and hazardous wastes. Next to end-of-pipe solutions (like placing scrubbers), cleaner inputs (like low-sulphur coal), cleaner products or retrofit processes (replacing CFCs by HCFCs and HFCs) were available in due course. Acid rain and ozone depletion are problems caused by specific industrial activities, processes or products, whereas global warming and the resulting climate change are the consequence of a multitude of factors, most of them related to energy use. This limits the possibility of solving the problem with just one set of substituting technologies. It will be necessary to work out a concerted strategy that exploits all potential efficiency gains in all layers of society. We will need to modify whole structures, institutions and behaviours. Therefore we can use economic instruments like taxes, subsidies and tradable permits. We will try to estimate the potential of environmental subsidies in terms of reductions of energy use and CO2 emissions. In the next sections, we will comment on the Kyoto Protocol and the projected CO2 emissions in the European Union. Starting from data on sectoral energy efficiency, we will indicate policy priorities and will present a short overview of instruments. In the final sections, we work out three types of consumer subsidies and estimate their potential of reducing CO2 emissions.


In recent years India is experiencing a rapid economic growth, especially after the 1990s when India started to liberalize its economy in a full scale. However, the author emphasizes the critical importance of the preceded 1980s when Indian agricultural sector registered a high growth rate. The Green Revolution in India started in the late 1960s and with its success India attained food self-sufficiency within a decade. However, this first "wave" of the Green Revolution was largely confined in wheat crop and in northern India such as Punjab, resulting in a limited contribution to overall economic development of the country. On the contrary, the agricultural growth in the 1980s (the second "wave" of the Green Revolution) involved almost all the crops including rice and covered the whole country, it enabled to raise rural income and alleviate rural poverty substantially. Such a rise of rural India as a "market" for non-agricultural products and services was an important pre-requisite for the rapid economic growth based on non-agricultural sectors" development in India after the 1990s. The 1980s was a critical decade for South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa to make a great divergence in the economic development thereafter. The implication for Sub-Saharan Africa is that raising income in rural areas through productivity growth of the agricultural sector, especially the staple food sector, is essential for the success of modern economic growth through industrialization.


PURPOSE: A producing method is provided to realize a fine etching process such as ruthenium or acid ruthenium proper to a steel dielectric film such as BST(Barium Strontium Titanate) and so on and a high anisotropy etching for obtaining a taper angle of more than 87 degrees. CONSTITUTION: A second film consisted of RuO2 directly on a first film of a first circumferential face of a semiconductor wafer or after passing through a middle film more than a first or a second layer is formed. Next, a third film is formed on the second film and is patterned. Then the second film is etching-processed under the existence of the patterned third film by plasma-exciting the mixed gas under a pressure decompression condition in which the staying time of the gas is less than 100msec and in a mixed gas atmosphere of which main element is oxygen added up with chlorine. Herein, the etching device includes a reaction chamber(101), a vacuum pipe(102), a control valve, a turbo molecule pump TMP, and an oil-free ventilator.


The extent to which discrimination against people with disabilities has changed from 1984 to 1993 is estimated in this paper. A novel data source—a set of health-impaired workers who self-report that their productivity is not affected by their impairment—is used to separately identify the effects of discrimination on wages from those of poor health. The results indicate that for this group in 1984 only 3.7 percentage points of the earnings gap can be attributed to discrimination. Assuming that work limited people with disabilities face an identical amount of discrimination allows one to separately identify the effects of health from the effects of wage discrimination on the earnings of people with disabilities and implies that the effects of discrimination are small. Moreover, the analysis indicates that the amount of discrimination did not decrease by 1993, despite the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA). While discrimination did not change over this period, the negative effects of poor health on the earnings of people with disabilities fell substantially; this suggests that without either improvements in technology or the accommodation provisions of the ADA, the earnings gaps faced by people with disabilities would have been even higher in 1993.


This paper focuses on geometrical intepretation of pearson residual, which measures the degree of statistical depedendence of a given cell. An information granule of statistical independence at a given cell is represented as a square whose origin is the given cell. Interestingly, the degree of freedom of each cell is equal to the number of squares at the cell, which can be extended to mult-way contingency table. Moreover, combinatorial analysis of squares shows that the degree of freedom will not represent the global nature of a contingency table in general.


Previous studies on the fresh properties of the mortar portion of concrete have revealed that the water film thickness (WFT) is the key factor governing the rheological performance of mortar. However, such studies were limited only to plain mortar containing no fibres. For mortar containing fibres, such as polypropylene (PP) fibres, there have been no similar studies. To investigate the combined effects of WFT and fibre content on the fresh properties of mortar, a number of mortar samples with various water/cement ratios and PP fibre contents were produced for measurements of packing density, flowability, cohesiveness and adhesiveness. It was found that the fibre content has certain effects on the packing density and WFT. Apart from the indirect effects through the change in WFT, the fibre content also has direct effects on the flowability, cohesiveness and adhesiveness. Overall, very good correlations of the fresh properties of mortar to the WFT and fibre content have been obtained and the concept of WFT...


Evolutionary game theory (EGT) describes dynamics in populations in which individual fitness can change because of the interactions with others, called frequency-dependent selection (1). Interactions are driven by differences in phenotype. EGT has been proposed as a framework for evolutionary dynamics of tumors (2). An underlying assumption is that different cancer cell types within a tumor engage in different heritable behavior; thus, frequency-dependent selection acts. Until now there has been little direct empirical evidence for this.


Objective: to observe the frequency and causes of first-case tardiness and its consequences.Material and Methods: Six months of data from scheduled surgical patients from 18 operating rooms (OR), under 13 surgical subspecialties, between September 2014 and February 2015, in a tertiary-care university hospital, were collected. We aimed to identify: (1) the rate and tardy time of first-case tardiness, (2) the time of overutilization caused by first-case tardiness, and (3) the cancellation rate due to first-case tardiness.Results: From a total of 3,965 elective surgical cases, 1,343 qualified as first cases and were included for analysis. Six hundred forty-four cases (48%) started more than 10 minutes later than the scheduled time. The mean (S.D.) tardy time was 25.1 (16.9) minutes. The total tardy time due to first-case tardiness was 16,146 minutes (33.6 8-hour OR days). The late physical presence of surgeons was responsible for most tardy first cases (80.6%). Of a designated OR, in which the first case was delayed, the 419 final cases in the schedule of ORs continued beyond working hours and 65 cases were cancelled. Moreover, of the 52,028 minutes (108.4 8-hour OR days) of OR overutilization, 9,465 minutes (19.7 8-hour OR days) were due to first-case tardiness.Conclusion: First-case tardiness creates substantial futile time and a trickle-down effect on the subsequent cases of a designated OR-either case cancelation or operating room overutilization.


BACKGROUND
Deliberate self-harm (DSH) and emotion dysregulation (ED) peaks in adolescence, and is associated with an increased risk of psychopathology, suicide and lower functioning in adulthood. DBT-A has been established as an effective treatment for reducing DSH, however less is known about changes in emotion dysregulation. This study aimed to identify baseline predictors of treatment response in outcome trajectories of DSH and emotion dysregulation.

METHODS
Response trajectories of DSH and ED were investigated using Latent Class Analysis on RCT data comparing DBT-A and EUC for 77 adolescents treated for deliberate self-harm and borderline traits. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine baseline predictors.

RESULTS
Two-class solutions were selected for both indicators, distinguishing between early and late responders in DSH, and responders and non-responders in ED. Higher levels of depression, shorter DSH histories and not receiving DBT-A predicted less favourable response in DSH, while DBT-A was the only predictor of treatment response in ED.

CONCLUSIONS
DBT-A was associated with a significantly faster reduction of deliberate self-harm in the short-term and improved emotion regulation in the long-term.


In the stride for extreme performance in the financial world new challenges and trading strategies has emerged over the last few years. The technological arms race between trading venues and market participant rages on and regulatory entities face the enormous task of regulating the ever changing scene of modern trading. One of the technological advancements the last few years is called high frequency trading. This has been made possible and take advantage of the ultra-low latency communication provided by trading facilities. High frequency trading is one of the most debated subject in financial communities all around the world, and will remain a hot topic the next few years. In this thesis a broad approach is taken to identify some of the challenges introduced by high frequency trading, both technological and ethical. The existing research on high frequency trading is diverse and divergent, but high frequency trading remain unregulated. In this thesis an analysis is provided on upcoming and suggested regulations and a brief summary about the work of regulators. In addition a variety of ethical aspects are addressed and debated. Three proposals are provided, each proposal aims to improve one or more aspects of high frequency trading, and improve overall market quality.


Monash University recognizes that if research data is better managed, more discoverable, available for reuse and exposed to relevant communities it will contribute to increased research impact, enhanced research practice (including collaboration) and improved education outcomes.
Monash has taken on the challenge of developing research data management (RDM) using a multifaceted, multilevel and strategic approach. This has included leadership and participation in large Australian Federal Government initiatives at the same time as using 'little steps' approaches within the institution. Monash has led national projects to prototype and develop RDM infrastructure, assumed responsibility as the lead agency of the governmentfunded Australian National Data Service (ANDS), formed an institutional structure for RDM governance, established a Strategy and Strategic Plan for 2012–15 and an RDM policy with associated procedures and guidelines, delivered programmes for RDM skills development, established a petabyte data store and developed and deployed a range of disciplinespecific and versatile solutions for the management of research data and associated metadata.
The university continues to identify RDM as critically significant to its research performance and to the fulfilment of compliance requirements and community expectations. All members of the Monash community share responsibility to improve RDM in a coordinated and integrated way; to support this, the university has made ongoing appointments into research data management roles while also seconding librarians and information technology staff into shorterterm positions to build capability and expertise.
This chapter explores the university's work in the period from 2006 to 2013 and examines the issues and challenges to be resolved when planning and implementing effective RDM. It describes in some detail the characteristics of Monash's organizational approach to RDM, explores both the nontechnical and technical components of Monash's RDM infrastructure, looks at what developments are anticipated and outlines Monash's strategy to promote sustainable RDM infrastructure.


By wide application of traditional calligraphy, modern graphic design with a unique art form has performed the cultural connotation and distinct charm of traditional calligraphy, which is a kind of innovation. Calligraphy is an artistic activity that takes aesthetics as the starting point, directly or indirectly expressing calligraphers' aesthetic ideal and sentiment. The art elements of traditional calligraphy have played an irreplaceable role in various fields of graphic design. As the significant visual elements in graphic design, graphic and text act as a part of decoration and information transformation. Keywords—Calligraphy; modern; graphic design; application