The invention belongs to the technical field of laser communication, and relates to a low-crosstalk same wavelength division multiplexing light receiving-transmitting integrated single-fiber bidirectional device. The device is characterized in that a detector and a light splitting plate are both mounted on a light splitting plate seat; the middle section of the light splitting plate seat is a tubular light path channel in a main light path hole; the detector and the light splitting plate are respectively mounted at two ends of the tubular light path channel. According to the device, an annular shield is formed about a light path of the detector through the tubular light path channel on a light splitter seat, which can shield parasitic light emitted by an emitting laser, and the crosstalk can be greatly reduced; the detector and the light splitting plate can be assembled in an open position, which greatly lowers down the complexity of the assembling process.


Nowadays, cyber attacks are becoming ingenious. Their goal is to leak confidential information or break the normal work of target servers. A Honeypot exposes the server or network that has vulnerabilities to the Internet and obtains the attack information by observing and investigating the attacking methods. In this study, we use a Dionaea Honeypot installed on the Sakura Cloud located in Japan to cache malicious access, analyze attack information, understand the current trend in attack mechanisms in the Japanese segment of the network, and test mechanisms preventing Honeypot detection. The obtained results are compared with the results of a global gathering completed by multiple Honeypots and results from the Malaysian segment of the Internet. The results can be helpful for improving security technology.


Additive manufacturing technology presents new opportunities and challenges for tactile sensor fabrication and packaging. Specifically, aerosol jet printing technology enables on-demand deposition of a wide selection of materials onto flexible substrates with potentially uneven surfaces, and feature sizes in the micron scale. One of the applications of aerosol jet printing is integrated tactile sensors onto robotic and mechatronic devices. In this paper, we present a design and simulation study of a new tactile sensor that is compatible with the aerosol jet printing process on customized, flexible printed circuit (FPC) substrates, featuring a strain gauge with a circular pattern. The tactile sensor is packaged in between the cover and bedding - two pieces of elastomer material that give the sensor space to comply and deform. A dimple and a cavity were added to the cover and bedding respectively to help the sensor concentrate external forces onto the location where strain is detected. Finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted to study the performance of the proposed design, with respect to the relative sizes of the dimple and the cavity on the circular sensor pattern. Simulation results show the feasibility of finding the best combination of the dimple and cavity size, which can be used to optimize our sensor design.


Let E/Q be a fixed elliptic curve over Q which does not have complex multiplication. Assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, A. C. Cojocaru and W. Duke have obtained an asymptotic formula for the number of primes p ≤ x such that the reduction of E modulo p has a trivial Tate-Shafarevich group. Recent results of A. C. Cojocaru and C. David lead to a better error term. We introduce a new argument in the scheme of the proof which gives further improvement.


Based on the concrete-steel plate shear wall,the innovative composite(precast cement-based light concrete plate-steel plate) shear wall is presented in this paper.Formation,lateral stiffness,seismic behavior and failure mode of the composite shear walls are studied by experiments.The results indicate that the steel plate with larger width-thickness ratio has larger out-of-plane distortion and smaller shear-carrying capacity;the lateral stiffness and buckling load of the composite shear walls would be enhanced by the precast cement-based light concrete plate connected to the steel plate;the energy dissipation capacity of structure system,the buckling mode of the steel plate,and the failure mode of the precast concrete plate would be influenced by the constraint condition of the steel plate.


Existing research has identified the transportation challenges that low-income workers face, including a spatial mismatch between suburban entry-level jobs and urban low-income earners. Because most studies rely on travel models and secondary data, such studies may not capture the experiences of low-income workers. To understand better the mobility patterns and accessibility as they are experienced, this analysis explored commute choices and accessibility from the perspectives of low-income workers. The findings were based on open-ended surveys with 50 low-income workers in New Orleans, Louisiana, and its inner suburbs. For many workers (40%), transportation problems did not limit job opportunities. African-American and centrally located respondents most commonly did not perceive transportation as a barrier to employment. Almost all respondents cited transportation problems for some locations or activities, particularly shopping. The loss of a functional automobile was a common reason to change commute mode after Hurricane Katrina; this situation indicates that low-income workers may shift in and out of car ownership, as well as change home and job locations. The interviewees most frequently reported that automobile ownership would improve their mobility, and some interviewees desired increased bus frequency and reliability. The mixed findings on perceived job accessibility demonstrate the need to integrate transportation and workforce research and policy better, perhaps with special attention to race. In addition, more transportation research on perceptions and actual challenges, including the role of rigid work schedules, is needed. Finally, given the dynamic auto ownership status, employment sites, and residential patterns, more longitudinal study is needed.


PurposeThis study aims to examine the role of fund family size on the money flow of Saudi Arabian open-end equity mutual funds. The author also investigates whether the relationship between fund flow and past return varies based on the fund's family size.Design/methodology/approachThe study analyses 256 equity funds that operated in Saudi Arabia from 2006 until 2017. Pooled and fixed-effect regression models are used to test the relationship between mutual fund flow and family size.FindingsThe results indicate that fund flow is higher for large size family funds. The results also show that the relationship between mutual fund flow and past performance is more pronounced for large size families, which supports the concept that investors pay extra attention to funds' return and size.Research limitations/implicationsThe author provides evidence of the significant effect of family size of mutual funds on future money flow, which helps fund managers to understand investors' motivations for allocating their cash.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature by examining the impact of family size level on the interaction between fund flow and past performance. This study is believed to be the first to investigate the family size factor in Saudi Arabia using a comprehensive data set.


The invention discloses an analytical method of sludge water content. The method comprises the following steps: sending a light source signal with specific wavelength to tested sludge by utilizing a light source; collecting a light source reflection signal of the tested sludge at a position at which a stipulated reflection angle is formed between the detection signal and the light source signal by utilizing an optical detector; and analyzing and processing detection signals at different reflection angles so as to obtain a standard feedback chart of signals and the water content at different angles, and analyzing and comparing with the standard feedback chart so as to obtain the sludge water content. According to the invention, sludge with different water contents reflects different light wave signals under the irradiation of the light source, and the sludge water content is determined by comparing the received light wave signals. The sludge water content is detected rapidly and efficiently by the method; the water content of sludge with the sludge water content of 50%-99.9% (or the solid content of 0.1%-50%) can be detected on line; the detection precision is 0.1%, and the analytical method completely conforms to the national standard.


This paper gave a review about the information fusion problem in the Internet of things.It divided the information fusion technologies in the Internet of things into three main classes: data-level fusion,feature-level fusion,and decision-level fusion.It also made a comprehensive commentary on the different types of technologies from the principle,applicability and the differences between themselves.On this basis,it showed the problems and challenges existing in the information fusion process in the Internet of things,and put forward several research directions in the future as well.


Using value of information methods to determine optimal designs for research in diagnostic tests and multi-stage randomized clinical trials Maggie Hong Chen Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Biostatistics University of Toronto 2012 Value of Information (VOI) methods are based on Bayesian decision theory and provide decision makers with a methodological framework to explicitly consider the uncertainty surrounding decision making and to evaluate the need for further research. VOI methods can be used to determine the optimal sample sizes for new research studies that maximize the expected net gain (ENG), i.e. the difference between the expected value of information provided by the trial and the expected cost of doing it. The purpose of this thesis is to develop new methodologies in VOI research for clinical trials and diagnostic research studies. The first project is to determine the optimal sample size for multi-stage randomized clinical trials from an industry perspective using VOI methods. A model is proposed for the expected total profit that includes consideration of per-patient profit, disease incidence, time horizon, trial duration, market share, and the relationship between the trial results and probability of regulatory approval. The proposed method includes multistage adaptive designs with a specific solution for two-stage design. With an example, it is demonstrated that significant increases in ENG can be achieved by using multi-stage designs and a smaller expected total sample size and less cost will be required.


Spectroscopy has been widely used to evaluate product quality or to predict components. To deal with the nonlinearity of spectral data, artificial neural networks (ANN) are widely used. One weakness of ANN is we have no accurate analytical method to design a optimal network structure. A multivariate component prediction method based on optimized neural network combined with evolutionary algorithm (EA) for spectral analysis is proposed in the paper. For the proposed method, ANNs are combined with nonlinear adaptive evolutionary programming algorithm (NAEP) to evolve ANNs architecture including the number of hidden nodes and the number of hidden layers. And the root-mean-squares error of cross-validation (RMSECV) is the fitness function of NAEP. In order to present the effectiveness of this method, back propagation neural network (BP) and ANN with genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) methods were also used for component predicting models. An application research has been demonstrated with spectral data which is recorded in an experiment of meat content determination. Results indicate that our method has the ability to design the best ANN structure to predict more accurate and robust as a practical spectral analysis tool.


The structure-activity relationship of various molecular moieties of cefpodoxime proxetil is described by measuring Chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) tensor, spin-lattice relaxation time and molecular correlation time at twenty one crystallographically different carbon nuclei sites. Cefpodoxime proxetil molecule is associated with three rings, the aminothiazole ring, β-lactam ring, and the dihydrothiazine ring, which provide stability to the drug molecule towards β-lactamases and increase the affinity of the drug to PBPs receptors. A large variation of CSA parameters and motional degrees of freedom are observed among carbon nuclei reside on these three rings, which implies that the electronic environment, molecular conformation, and molecular dynamics are altered substantially within the ring. The substitution at the C7 position of the β-lactam ring (like acyl side chain, oxime group, and aminothiazole ring) is responsible for semi-synthetic incorporation. It also influences the antibacterial activity and the binding affinity of the drug with β-lactamase. A huge variation of the spin-lattice relaxation time and molecular correlation time is observed in this region. These types of description of the structure-activity relationship of the antibacterial drug cefpodoxime proxetil will be beneficial for developing the advanced antibacterial drugs, and it will also be useful in NMR crystallography.


The main objective of this paper is the development of enhanced tyre models for an adequate description of tyre–ground interaction on the basis of shell and three-dimensional theories. Investigations are aimed at applications in off-road vehicle dynamics, in tyre design and for soil protection in agriculture. It seems to be necessary to take into account the results of internal tyre mechanics. The soil under the tyre is described by different rheological models of ground surface behaviour in the normal and tangential directions. Soil models were tested with simple one-dimensional tyre models. Results are used for the determination of and improvement in the exactness of stiffness parameters in external tyre models and in the Böhm mass-points approach for transient loading of a rolling tyre. The model is modified for the real structure of agricultural tyres with lugs. The numerical results are compared with experimental data gained by a multipoint measurement technique for displacements in the inner part of the rolling tyre.


The caecal content of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA; acetic, propionic and butyric acid), caecal pH, fermentability and dry matter digestibility (DMD) were examined through balance experiments in rats fed 11 various indigestible carbohydrates. The following carbohydrate sources were incorporated into test diets: cellulose, oat husk, wheat bran, oat bran, pea fibre, linseed fibre, low methoxylated (LM)‐pectin, guargum, β‐glucans, neosugar and raffinose. The indigestible carbohydrates, except for those in wheat bran, oat husk and cellulose, were highly fermented, ie > 90%. Caecal pH varied between 5·6 and 7·8, with neosugar and raffinose causing the lowest pH and the fibre‐free diet and the diet with oat husk the highest. The caecal pool sizes of SCFA were highest with raffinose, β‐glucans, LM‐pectin, guargum and linseed fibre (335‐400 μmol) while pea fibre, wheat bran, oat bran and neosugar gave intermediate levels (137–227 μmol). The pool size with oat husk and cellulose was similar as with the basal diet (45–64 μmol). A high proportion of propionic acid was obtained with guargum and linseed fibre, whereas acetic acid was the predominant product in case of LM‐pectin. On the other hand, linseed fibre gave a remarkably low proportion of butyric acid. The quantity fermented and caecal pH correlated well to the amount of SCFA with most materials (r = 0·96 and r = −0·87, respectively), an exception was neosugar and in case of fermentability also oat bran. DMD values with most of the easily fermented carbohydrates were high (>96%). Exceptions were diets with β‐glucans and oat bran which caused low DMD values, about 93%. It is concluded that indigestible carbohydrates may differ in ability to lower caecal pH and to form SCFA during fermentation. (Less)


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the feasibility of krypton laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model in the Brown Norway rats in order to establish the foundation for studying the mechanism of CNV and for the development of treatment for CNV.

METHODS
Experimental eyes in 33 rats were received a series of 10 krypton red laser (647 nm) lesions per eye (360 mW, 50 micro m, 0.05 s). Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) were performed, then the rats were sacrificed immediately, the eyes were enucleated and processed for histopathologic examination and transmission electron microscopy on days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 56.

RESULTS
CNV was firstly appeared on day 7 after photocoagulation, reaching the peak on day 21. The incidence of CNV was 76.0%. Disciform leakage staining appeared in the FFA. ICGA showed that the disciform area was filled with CNV. CNV was ascertained by light microscopy and electron microscopy. The thickness of laser-induced CNV was increased from day 7 to day 21 (P < 0.01) and no significant progress occurred after day 21 (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
The present studies demonstrated that krypton laser photocoagulation could be used to produce choroidal neovascularization experimental model in the Brown Norway rat. CNV can be induced rapidly by the method, persists for a long period and at a high successful rate.


 Administers medications and immunizations per standing/doctor's orders  Responsible for preparation, implementation, and closure of clinics  Follows CDC/IDPH guidelines and regulations pertaining to communicable and chronic diseases  Performs investigation and surveillance activities of all reportable diseases including communicable and chronic diseases  Serves as resource and liaison to local healthcare providers, schools, general public and staff on issues pertinent to communicable and chronic diseases  Performs screenings per standing orders  Maintains organized, accurate, confidential client files  Compiles statistical data; maintains accurate records; prepares required reports  Maintains inventory of vaccine and supplies needed for clinical services  Keeps abreast of changes/trends in the prevention and control of communicable and chronic diseases  Performs appropriate emergency response duties as required  Performs other duties as assigned


In practical application,the light injected to polarization maintaining fiber(PMF) is typically quasi-monochromatic.When the polarization direction of the incident light and the birefringence axes of the fiber were misaligned,the degree of polarization(DOP) would be changed in transmission process.Using partial coherence theory,the dependence of polarized and partially polarized light's DOP on the starting angle and transmission distance in PMF were analyzed theoretically.And some experiments were done to study the dependence of partially polarized light's DOP on the starting angle. The results show that,if the transmission distance is in centimeter magnitude, the influence on DOP is great.To normal long distance transmission,its influence could be neglected.Compared with the transmission distance,DOP varies greatly with the starting angle.To achieve the relative change of DOP less than 0.01%,the starting angle must be smaller than 0.405°.


This paper studies a simple model of dynamic coordination with learning under incomplete information. We show that strategic asymmetry arises where the predecessor's strategy is a strategic substitute for the successor's while the latter is a strategic complement for the former. The role of dynamics and learning is identified by comparing the strategic interactions in the coordination games with different information and timing structures. We also demonstrate that dynamics with learning induces players to take more aggressive strategies.


Copper (I) and silver carbonyl catalysts were prepared in strong acids such as sulfuric acid, hydrogen fluoride, boron trifluoride-hydrate and fluoro sulfuric acid. Carbonylation of olefins, alcohols, dienes, diols, aldehydes and saturated hydrocarbons were carried out under atmospheric pressure and at room temperature by using copper (I) carbonyl catalyst, and tert-carboxylic acids were prepared in high yield.The highly hindered carboxylic acid was prepared from isobutylene oligomer. The industrial process of highly hindered carboxylic acid was established by using sulfuric acid-phosphoric acid-water mixed solvent in the recycle use of catalyst, and pilot plant started in 1988. This carbonylation method is available to the production of another compound also.The derivatives of highly hindered carboxylic acid is stable to hydrolysis and heat. The usages of this hindered carboxylic acid are paint, microgel, surfactant, stabilizer, initiator of polymerization, agricultural chemicals.


Human ehrlichiosis is an emerging pathogen in immunocompromized patients, potentially leading to increased morbidity compared to immunocompetent patients. A high index of suspicion is imperative and early treatment with doxycycline can be life-saving. We report the case of an immunosuppressed renal transplant patient who was diagnosed with human monocytic ehrlichiosis and successfully treated with doxycycline.


Abstract The influence of the 'situation' in which purchase or consumption occurs has either been ignored or conveniently classified as a 'random' factor in the current attitude-based perspective of brand loyalty. In particular, attitude-situation interaction effects have not been studied. The current perspective may be inadequate for explaining repeat purchasing behavior in certain product categories. This study explores the prospect of incorporating the interactionist framework into contemporary brand loyalty theory. The interactionist framework takes into account the effects of the situation on attitude-behavior relationships. Experiments are conducted for two product categories–greeting cards and computer diskettes–to analyze the relationships among relative brand attitude, the situation and repeat purchasing behavior. Results indicate that the attitude-situation interaction effect is significant in the greeting cards category. Theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are also discussed.


Physical teaching aids made of used material as learning media is still very rarely used. The researcher took the title "The Development Of Physics Props Made From Second-Hand materials materials As A Form Of Care For The Environment". This study aims to produce Physical Teaching Aids made of used material as a manifestation of Environmental Concern On Junior High School/Islamic Junior High School Student of West Coastal District and find out the student's response to the attractiveness of the Physical Teaching Aids product made of used material as a manifestation of Environmental Concern On Junior High School/Islamic Junior High School Students of West Coastal District. This study uses the Research and Development (R&D) method conducted in six Junior High School/Islamic Junior High School. The development procedure follows the Borg and Gall procedure which can be done more simply, namely the 10 main steps, but the researchers only limited the procedure to 7 steps in this study. Data collection techniques in this study used questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Based on the results of validation by media and material expert validators, the final product produced has met the eligibility criteria, the media experts by 90%, the material experts by 95% and in the field trials 91%. So that it can be concluded that the product is feasible to be used as a physics learning media.


Impulse bit measurement of a quasi-steady Teflon © propellant MPD with applied magnetic field is the focus of this paper. Thrust Stand technique has proved to be satisfactory when operating in self-field-only mode, but presents some uncertainties while operating in applied-field mode: a magnetic coupling between the coil and the laboratory facility resulting in TS displacement has been observed. This phenomenon and its consequences on measurements have been investigated. A TS calibration approach has been carried out as a first attempt to take into account the magnetic coupling disturb. Insufficient theoretical evidence on calibration as the right way of proceeding led to the introduction of the target technique: a suitable target used as a ballistic pendulum can be a straightforward solution to the magnetic coupling problem. Experiments have been carried out for a range of firing energies (2000 to 3000 J) and applied magnetic field intensities (0.03 to 0.16 T): results are hereafter presented.


The safe and effective performance of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair requires a working knowledge of pre-peritoneal anatomy. Most surgeons are unfamiliar with the retro-peritoneal view of the groin. A model has been developed which allows surgeons to learn pre-peritoneal anatomy, to practice laparoscopic inguinal herniorrhaphy and to assess their repairs. This model is a valuable laparoendoscopic educational tool.


Uniqueness theorems are proved for the solutions of nonlinear multidimensional ill-posed inverse problems of kinematics and integral geometry in the classes of piecewise analytic functions. We consider the nonlinear multidimensional inverse problems in integral geometry and kinematics (Sections 1 and 2). These problems appear to be ill-posed. We prove that their solutions are unique in classes of piecewise analytic functions, with a few constraints on objects which are domains of integration. In Section 3 we prove the general uniqueness theorem for a planar problem that generalizes the problems of kinematics and integral geometry in case of regular extremals connecting all points of the domain boundary. This is a serious restriction that allows us to obtain the general result. 1. UNIQUENESS THEOREMS FOR THE SOLUTION OF A GENERALIZED PROBLEM OF INTEGRAL GEOMETRY IN THE CLASS OF PIECEWISE ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS 1.1. Let E denote the (n + l)-dimensional Euclidean space of variables (z,y), χ £ E, -oo < y < oo, and let E%+ be the half-space y > h, x G E. By {ω} we denote a collection of (n + l)-dimensional open sets ω(ξ,ί), ξ e E, t > 0, which cover the half-space EQ = {x,y: y > 0} and have the properties: (1) for all * > 0, h > 0 and t > h the intersection is an open (n + l)-dimensional set; (2) ω(ξ,ί,ϊι) continuously depends on (£,*,/&) and Jim "«,*,*) = (£, *) t — *Λ where (ξ, h) is a point in the hyperplane y = h. The set of all hemispheres is an example of the collection of sets {ω}. * Institute of Mathematics, Siberian Branch of Russian AcadSci., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (93-011-181).


This paper employs a number of recently developed economic polarization measures, on the basis of the analysis of the studies on regional economic polarization at home and abroad, and uses consistent data of gross domestic production per capita to quantitatively evaluate the variety characteristics of regional economic inequality and polarization in Jiangsu province since the economic reforms and opening up of 1978 in China for the first time. It shows that regional economic polarization increases with the widening of the regional economic difference. Using a polarization index based on inequality decompositions, we make a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the influences of the regional economic polarization in regional development policy and strategy, township industrialization and foreign direct investment from top-down, bottom-up and exterior of regional development. This paper discusses the factors that account for the changing regional inequalities and polarization in Jiangsu province and argues that the top-town driving factors are likely the most important aspects affecting regional economic polarization in Jiangsu province. Spatially, regional economic polarization in Jiangsu province shows obviously two aspects of dividing from north to south and from urban to rural.


Roman Dashkevych's military work during the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1921, in particular, his participation in battles against the Bolshevik and Denikin troops as a head of Ukrainian artillery units, is analyzed. Creating the Sich Riflemen artillery and using it against the troops of white and red Russia in Naddniprianshchyna are highlighted.

As stated, the UNR Army General R. Dashkevych played an essential role in the formation of the Ukrainian artillery during the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1921, as evidenced by the memories of military, social and political figures of the time, archival sources, and separate historical investigations. First of all, the memoirs of R. Dashkevych himself «Sich Riflemen's Artillery in the Fight for the Golden Gate of Kyiv» were noted for the completeness of the subject coverage of the material.

The implementation of several transformations (regroups) of artillery units of the UNR Army by R. Dashkevych is characterized. His attitude to the Ukrainian political regimes of the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1921 was clarified: the UNR, the Ukrainian State, and the UNR Directory.

The military-tactical potential of artillery units commanded by R. Dashkevych, and his ability to make strategic decisions in both defensive battles and offensive operations, are highlighted.

Additionally, the moral and psychological atmosphere in the units commanded by R. Dashkevych is described, for instance, factors influencing relations on the line «subordinate-commander». R. Dashkevych's significant contribution to strengthening the Ukrainian army and forming the first artillery units is emphasized. All things considered, currently, there is no comprehensive scientific research on R. Dashkevych's role in the battles against the Bolshevik and Denikin troops during state-building processes in Ukraine (1918–1919).

Keywords
Roman Dashkevych, artillery, Sich Riflemen, Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1921.


NEW PERSPECTIVES ON BLENDED HTML, XHTML, AND CSS provides you with beginning Web programming skills with in-depth coverage of CSS and its use with HTML and XHTML. With the New Perspectives proven pedagogy, you will think critically and understand WHY you're learning WHAT you're learning.


Hotel feasibility studies are critical in the determination of hotel construction, sales and refinancing. Discrepancies have been reported between forecasted results and actual operating results. The author, with funding provided by the Hilton corporation, examines whether such studies understate or overstate occupancy, average rate, and net income.


Cultures of Empire is an ideal volume for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students, along with other scholars seeking to reflect on developments in an interdisciplinary field of inquiry that has rapidly evolved in little more than a decade. As a compilation of fourteen articles and book chapters published since 1989 (most of which have appeared since the mid-1990s), the collection testifies to the burgeoning interest among social and cultural historians, anthropologists, and literary critics in the centrality of empire in Britain's past and postcolonial present. It is now increasingly common to assert that empire was crucial to the identity of colonizers as well as colonized, that Britain's domestic and overseas histories cannot be disentangled, and that imperial dimensions continue to be relevant in Britain as well as former colonies the wake of widescale decolonization after the Second World War. Despite the appearance of an increasingly large number of studies on these subjects, however, scholars grappling with these issues cannot forget the hesitancy, if not outright hostility, with which many engaged in British studies have greeted efforts to bring metropolitan and imperial themes together into the same field of analysis. Indeed, scepticism and rejection of these topics' relevance continues in many circles, making Cultures of Empire an especially welcome and accessible contribution to the collective endeavour to have empire taken seriously as part of British culture, both historically and in the present.


Cox regression is much used in epidemiology to assess the in uence of exposure variables and other covariates on mortality or morbidity. Estimation in Cox's model requires ascertainment of covariate values for all individuals in a cohort even when only a small fraction of these get diseased or die (\fail"). This may be very costly, or even logistically impossible. Cohort sampling techniques, where covariate information is collected for all failing individuals (\cases"), but only for a sample of the non-failing ones (\controls"), o er useful alternatives. Two common cohort sampling designs are nested case-control and case-cohort sampling. The purpose of this paper is to review, discuss and compare these two sampling designs with emphasis on recent developments and challenges for further research. We restrict our attention to situations which involve only a single disease.


A novel surface modifying agent and internal compatilizer of inorganic and macromolecule composite materials,P(St/MAH/BA)terpolymer,was synthesized in butanone by solution polymerization method using styrene(St),maleic anhydride(MAH),and butyl acrylate(BA)as monomers and azobisisobutyronitrile(AIBN)as an initiator.Some affecting factors on terpolymers yields such as polymerization time,reaction temperature,solvent volume,initiator content,and reactants ratios were studied.Furthermore,the structure and thermal properties of terpolymers were primarily characterized and determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and gel permeation chromatography(GPC).The results indicate that the terpolymers are random polymers and the yields are low,but the thermal decomposed temperature of terpolymers P(St/MAH/BA)is around 220 ℃ and the average molecular weights(Mw)achieve 1.189×105 g·mol-1.


Objective To study the relationship between Th1/Th2 cytokines messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression and immune tolerance to cardiac allografts in rats. Methods Male DA rat hearts were transplanted to male Lewis rats using Ono's model and randomly divided into three groups: control group, rejection group, and tolerance group (each group 10 rats). Mean survival time (MST), histological changes, mRNA expression level of Th1/Th2 cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4(IL-4), interleukin-10(IL-10) were measured. Results MST (85.28±7.48 d) of heart allografts in tolerance group was significantly longer than that(7.33±1.03 d) in rejection group. Only a few inflammatory cells infiltrated in cardiac allografts in tolerance group. The mRNA expression of IL-2, IFN-γ (Th1 cytokines) in rejection group were much stronger than those in control group, and in tolerance group were much lower; mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-10 (Th2 cytokines) in rejection group were much lower than those in control group,and in tolerance group were much stronger than those in control group. Conclusions The dynamic equilibrium of Th1/Th2 cytokines is very important in immune tolerance. The deviation of Th1 to Th2 is one of the mechanisms in immune tolerance.


Eight neuroactive molecules were examined for their larval metamorphosis-inducing activities in three species of serpulid polychaetes, Hydroides ezoensis, Pomatoleios kraussii, and Ficopomatus enigmaticus. L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) and D-DOPA induced larval metamorphosis in all species, while dopamine did not. Epinephrine and norepinephrine also induced larval metamorphosis in H. ezoensis and P. kraussii. Approximately 58-67% of H. ezoensis larvae metamorphosed when exposed to L-DOPA at concentrations of 3 •~ l0-6-l •~ 10-5 M, while D-DOPA induced 43-44% metamorphosis at 2 x 10-5-3 •~ 10-5M. Dose-dependent induction by L-DOPA and low activity of the enantiomer suggest the possibility of receptor mediation in metamorphosis induction by L-DOPA. Because of the delayed reaction and the absence of tube formation, L-DOPA is thought to act not on epithelial chemoreceptors but to affect other pathways of metamorphosis. Competence for metamorphosis in H ezoensis by L-DOPA fluctuated with larval age and two peaks were observed on the 5-6th and 9-11th days after fertilization.


Objective: To understand the prevalence of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and its related factors in the senior female university students in Guangzhou City.Methods:The 493 Female students in Sun Yat-Sen University were included. All students were rated with a rating scale of PMDD based on the DSM-IV, they also completed SAS, SDS, SCL-90 and the Subject General Condition Form.Results:(1) The prevalence of the PMDD in these senior female students was 7.91%. (2) The severity of learning stress was close related to the level of PMDD (r=?, P0.05). (3) No statistical significant difference was found between the students who had PMDD and who had no PMDD in the total scores of SAS, SDS and the factor scores(P0.05). (4) The statistical significant difference was found between the students who had PMDD and who had no PMDD in the total score of SCL-90 (data), and nearly all subscores except for that of sogmatization and hostility(P0.05).Conclusions: (1) The more severe of learning stress, the higher level of PMDD. (2) There was no difference in anxiety and depression between the students who suffered from PMDD and the who didn't. (3) The students who suffered from PMDD had more psychosomatic symptoms.


The invention relates to a device for treating substrates in a liquid container with at least one fluid inlet and at least one overflow opening (2) in the top region of at least one side wall of a liquid container. In said device, the most advantageous adaptation to the liquid-circulation rate can be achieved by changing the surface of the overflow openings (2). The surface of the overflow opening (3) is preferably altered by a slide (3).


Inflammation plays an important role in various diseases.Lymphocytes and cytokines are the key point in pro-inflammation reaction.Interferon regulatory factor 4 ( IRF4),as one of the transcription factor,influences the differentiation and secreation and promotes the tranacriptive regulation.A better understanding of these novel pathways will hopefully provide new insights into mechanisms responsible for the development of inflammatory diseases and potentially guide the design of novel therapeutic approaches.

Key words:
IRF4 ;  T lymphocyte ;  B lymphocyte ;


Application of the method of acoustic emission to study the processes of structural adaptability in friction under conditions of slip for the tribosystem of steel 30HGSA and duraluminium D16, on the surface of which the method of electroscope alloying is applied an alloy BK8 followed by surface processing by superficial plastic deformation. The formation of wear-resistant secondary structures has been established by increasing the intensity of heat emission in the frictional contact, which leads to an increase in the mechano-chemical activation of the surface layers of the metal. The modification of dyuraluminium D16 by the electrospray coating ВК8 provides a reduction of the average power of acoustic emission by 2 times during the wear-in stage by reducing the stress-strain state of the surface layers and reducing the ability of the material ВК8 to absorb mechanical energy during deformation. The correlation dependence of the total weight wear of friction pairs and the average power of acoustic emission is established.


Huainan and Huaibei coalfields have a long history of mining and the coalmine waste there is huge.Coalmine waste occupies lots of land and has striking influence on environment.Its effect on the environment is thoroughly analyzed in this article and the comprehensive utilization of coalmine waste is discussed,which has significance both to environmental protection and economic benefit.


Abstract The determination of magnetic distortion fields caused by inclusions hidden in a conductive matrix using homogeneous current flow needs to be addressed in multiple tasks of electromagnetic non-destructive testing and materials science. This includes a series of testing problems such as the detection of tantalum inclusions hidden in niobium plates, metal inclusion in a nonmetallic base material or porosity in aluminum laser welds. Unfortunately, easy tools for an estimation of the defect response fields above the sample using pertinent detection concepts are still missing. In this study the Finite Element Method (FEM) was used for modeling spherically shaped defects, and an analytical expression was developed for the strength of the response field including the conductivity of the defect and matrix, the sensor-to-inclusion separation, and the defect size. Finally, the results were adapted to Eddy Current Testing problems, in which the skin effect was taken into consideration for an appropriate estimation of the signal strength.


This, together with the concentration of distribution in the large supermarket chains, has allowed the transnationals to strengthen their position in the market (Renard, 1999). By monopolizing the market, large companies leave little room for action to small producers, most of whom end up selling their products at low prices and are generally unable to cover production costs. For example, in 2002, an average producer in Latin America received US$30 per quintal of coffee. This same quantity, once transformed and packaged, is sold by transnationals for 640 US dollars (SAGARPA, 2001). In this way, a product such as coffee is both a source of wealth for a few companies and a source of misery for those who depend on its production. In the same way, the transformation and commercialization chain is dominated by large companies, which prevents small producers from being able to increase the value attacked to the raw material and thus be able to keep a part of the profit. This means that the added value given by a transformed and/or packaged product remains in the hands of those who have the means.


Hymenopterous parasitoids can exert substantial natural control on oilseed rape pest populations. This paper reviews recent work at Rothamsted Research on integrating parasitoids into the management of rape pests. It focuses on the pollen beetle, Meligethes aeneus, and its two larval endoparasitoids, Phradis interstitialis and Tersilochus heterocerus. Strategic research on the behavioural ecology of the parasitoids is described. Phradis interstitialis was shown to use upwind anemotaxis to locate the crop. Within-field spatio-temporal distributions of M. aeneus adults and larvae were complex with irregular patterns of aggregation. Whereas P. inrerstitialis was closely associated temporally and spatially with the distribution of its host, T. heterocerus larvae were as abundant outside dense host patches as within them and showed little pattern. Both parasitoid species overwinter in the soil of the rape field and emerge the following spring. Post-harvest soil cultivations, particularly ploughing, can reduce their survival, whereas non-inversion tillage is less harmful. Phenological studies show that pyrethroid applications during flowering threaten parasitoid populations. Implications of the research for conservation biological control and the development of more environmentally-friendly crop protection is discussed.


Vaccination is regarded by the medical profession as one of the greatest public health success stories, and recent opposition, for example over the MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) vaccine, as a failure of understanding. Relatively little social scientific analysis exists on vaccination opposition. However, risk, trust and science are dominant themes within literature on public resistance to technology, and in contemporary theories such as risk society. This thesis therefore evaluates the relevance of these themes for an understanding of vaccination resistance in the UK. The empirical research primarily involves a discourse analysis of interview, document and website data generated from ten parental organisations, established to campaign against aspects of vaccination policy. The study defines these organisations as 'Vaccine Critical groups' and further classifies them into Radical and Reformist categories.

In contrast to smallpox vaccination in nineteenth century England, vaccination is no longer compulsory in the UK. Nevertheless, from a governmentality perspective, the individual is still subjected to, what can be termed, the 'imperative of vaccination'. This thesis argues that the Vaccine Critical groups resist this imperative: first, by reframing risk as unknown, non-objective and individual specific; second, by demonstrating an ambivalent relationship with science; and third, by challenging faith in professional expertise and constructing the parent as the potential vaccine expert. These discourses create another type of moral imperative, which actually conforms to developments in the new public health that are encouraged by the state and the medical profession.

The findings demonstrate the limits of a realist approach to risk, challenge existing theories of risk society and complicate assumptions about a public crisis of trust in expertise or science. Policy implications include the need to engage with vaccine resisters and their critical discourses, and to reassess the value of risk communication strategies.


PURPOSE
Safe treatment of the maximum tolerable brain metastases with GK in single patient-clinical findings METHODS: A patient diagnosed with stage IV NSCLC has received 6 courses of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) treatments. The plans were generated with GammaPlan (version 10.1.1), six courses of treatment were administered in 2.5 years. A total of 53 metastases were treated with retreatment foci (n = 5) and planned on newly identified lesions (n = 48). Individual prescription dose varied from 12 Gy to 24 Gy.The homogeneity index (HI) was evaluated as the ratio of maximum dose to prescription dose (HI = (D2%-D98%) /DRx). The gradient index (GI) was evaluated as the ratio of prescription isodose volume (PIV) at half of the prescription isodose line to PIV (GI = PIV1/2 / PIV). Composite dose of brain from all six courses was generated on Velocity AI (version 3.0.1). All V5, V10, and V12 of brain were estimated.

RESULTS
Mean target volume was 0.39 ± 0.96 cm3 (range from 0.047 to 6.55 cm3 ). The mean volume of half of prescribed dose was 1.08 ± 2.46 cm3 . HI and GI were calculated as 1.37 ± 0.32 and 2.98 ± 0.52, respectively. The patient had no new neurologic symptoms. V5 , V10 , and V12 of brain were 820, 118, and 71.94 cc, respectively.All doses were delivered with focused and sharp dose gradients, with superior indexes compared to LINAC based delivery.

CONCLUSION
With exceptional steep dose gradients, GKRS is ideal to treat multiple metastases in continuous courses. The hot spots were observed in the overlapped area for the given high prescription dose with no side effects.GKRS has advantages of treating multiple brain metastases from NSCLC with low whole brain dose. Our data presented conclusions of excellent local control of large numbers of metastases being treated on GKRS with superior clinical outcome.


In this introductory chapter, Weiss and Springer introduce the two basic themes of the book: 1) the value of the study of human remains, and 2) the barriers or limitations they see to that study within the parameters of NAGPRA (the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act).


Electricity distribution networks are critical to the delivery of energy and the continuity of the economy. The healthy and efficient operation of these networks depends on the prediction of failures, their early detection and the rapid recovery of the resulting failures. The causes of failure are internal and external factors. Many studies in different sectors that use different techniques for failure prediction in the literature. The use of artificial intelligence techniques, which are becoming increasingly important today, in failure estimates; in terms of estimation success and effectiveness, it brings many privileges compared to other techniques. In this study, a status prediction model has been developed by using artificial neural network (ANN) technique for power outages and healthy working conditions of the electricity distribution network installed in Salihli district of Manisa province. In previous studies, using artificial intelligence techniques in the energy sector generally focused on one component of network, lifetime, energy demand estimation, battery life and goods failures. The effect of meteorological factors has not been studied on the distribution network situation using artificial intelligence techniques. In this study we use hourly power outages and hourly meteorological factors that cause failures or healthy conditions. It is aimed to effective risk management and make anticipation of power outage occurring in electricity transmission network, to make preventive maintenance for failures, to make suggestions for early intervention and shortening downtime and maintenance.


With the rapid development of microwave photonic functionalities to support 5G and defence systems, there has been an increased interest in employing stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS)-based functionalities to perform tasks that are currently difficult to achieve with conventional electronic devices. Several advances have been made using on-chip SBS to demonstrate RF frequency phase shifters, bandpass and bandstop filters, measurement systems, and delay lines. In this article, we provide an overview of some of these developments made possible by strong on-chip SBS gain. We also provide the reader with design guidelines on the selection of the appropriate waveguide geometry, subsystem design, and analog photonic link configurations to aid them in the realisation of their requisite MWP subsystem. We also focus on some of the design trade-offs that need to be considered when using integrated SBS.


This study describes factors associated with methamphetamine initiation in a racially diverse sample of 340 methamphetamine-using, HIV-positive gay and bisexual men. A factor analysis was conducted on reasons for initiation, and four factors were identified: to party, to cope, for energy, and to improve self-esteem. Methamphetamine to party accounted for more than one-third of the variance in the factor analysis. Methamphetamine to cope captured almost 9% of the variance, methamphetamine for energy accounted for approximately 8% of the variance, and methamphetamine for self esteem accounted for approximately 7% of the variance. Regression analyses revealed differential associations between methamphetamine initiation factors and HIV risk behaviours. Methamphetamine for self esteem predicted binge methamphetamine use, while methamphetamine to cope was associated with injecting methamphetamine. Using methamphetamine for energy was associated with number of illicit drugs used and using methamphetamine to party was associated with having a greater number of STIs. These findings suggest that methamphetamine initiation among gay and bisexual men is multifaceted, which could have implications for intervention development


The epidemic of a novel coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has had a major impact on intensive care settings around the world This article describes practical intensive care management, focusing on the pathogenesis of the disease and its treatment, which is gradually being elucidated, based on the experience at our own institution


This work proposes a sliding mode control barrier function to robustly deal with high relative-degree safety constraints in safety-critical control systems. Stability/tracking objectives, expressed as a nominal control law, and safety constraints, expressed as control barrier functions are unified through quadratic programming. The proposed control framework is numerically validated considering a Furuta pendulum and a magnetic levitation system. For the first system, a linear quadratic regulator is considered as a nominal control law, and a safety constraint is considered to guarantee that the pendulum angular position never exceeds a predetermined value. For the second one, a sliding mode controller is considered as a nominal control law and multiple safety constraints are considered to guarantee that the magnetic levitation system positions never exceed predetermined values. For both systems, we consider high relative-degree safety constraints robust against model uncertainties. The numerical results indicate that the stability/tracking objectives are reached and the safety constraints are respected even with model uncertainties.


The present study is to identify discharge characteristic from the mouth of floating debris in the Nakdong River through real time tracking of moving route and by analyzing hydrometeorologic environmental. To identify the path and route of outflow through the mouth of the river of floating debris, small-sized buoy equipped with satellite location transmitters was used. Moreover, to identify hydrometeorologic environmental, flux of the river, change of discharge of the River-Mouth Weir and wind direction of the mouth of the river area were analyzed. From now on, the present study is expected to be utilized as basic data to identify damage and flowing into nearby ocean of the floating debris of Nakdong River in time of severe rain storm.


Wearable devices and biosensors have gained significant attention due to their high potential to continuously monitor the biomarkers in human body biofluids through non-invasive and minimally invasive methods and give feedback to the users in real-time. Numerous developments have been made in the electrochemical devices field for the non-invasive measurements of the desired biomarkers, including detecting different electrolytes, metabolites, and hormones. Integrating multiplexed human health monitoring, using biosensors, and transmitting the acquired data using wireless systems has been achieved and miniaturized. These systems have been combined with flexible materials to enhance their conformability and easy use. Such precise monitoring of the target biomarker and physiological data through wearable devices would significantly improve life quality by providing critical health-related information in real time. On the other hand, there needs to be an in-depth understanding of analyte concentrations in blood and their correlation to other biofluids, which will help improve the biosensors' reliability. Thus, conducting large-scale in-vivo studies on different subjects using wearable biosensors and clinical equipment is an essential validation factor for the biosensors. Here, we focus on wearable electrochemical devices that can non-invasively measure and track the human body's vital health information and transmit it to the users' mobile devices.


Patient satisfaction is one of the established yardsticks to measure success of the services being provided in the health facilities. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted to assess the patient satisfaction towards care received at Maternity ward of AIIMS, New Delhi. A total of 50 subjects from two maternity wards were recruited into the study by convenient sampling. A structured questionare was prepared which consists of two sections: demographic profile and five point rating scale for patient satisfaction. The overall patient satisfaction was categorized into very, slightly and dissatisfied. The data collection technique was interview method. The results of the study showed mean age of subjects was 29.24 years, 44% of the subjects were graduate, 84% were housewives. Further, majority belongs to urban region and the reasons for admission for majority were high risk cases. With regards to satisfaction level of subjects towards care; 44% very satisfied, 52% slightly satisfied and only 4% were dissatisfied. In terms of admission procedure majority (74%) were very satisfied. In relation to physical environment and treatment nearly two fifth of subjects were very satisfied. Noticeably, only 2% were dissatisfied with admission, physical environment and treatment. Almost half of the subjects were very satisfied with discharge, and meals. In relation to cleanliness, 84% were very satisfied. 90% of the respondents were very satisfied with condition of Lavatories. Majority of the participants were very satisfied with behavior of doctors and nurses. The highest percentage of dissatisfaction (12%) falls in the visitors and family. There was no statistically significant relationship found between demographic variables and satisfaction level of subjects. Overall, majority of the subjects were satisfied with the maternity care received from AIIMS, New Delhi, however, its is indispensable to look into the factors leading to the dissatisfaction concerns with family and visitors.


This paper describes the development and implementation of a multimedia application that can be used as a tool for education and awareness to prevent the incidence of dengue. Among the main features is the implementation of the inference engine in the language of the tool used, the Game Maker Language, which is responsible for evaluating a set of proposed rules and to generate the different activities to take in the game, all based on information provided by an expert in the area. The application has a nice interface that allows the user to know basic information about dengue fever and interact in different scenarios where the player decides what you can do such as eliminating mosquito breeding sites, cover entrances to houses, etc. all this in order to prevent and control the spread of dengue.


AMS-Classification number: 46 J 15 Let be the Banach algebra of bounded analytic functions in the open unit disk ID = {z G C : |z| < 1}. A sequence {z"} in ID is called an interpolating sequence if for every bounded sequence (u;") of complex numbers there exists a function / G such that / (z") = w" for all n. Blaschke products whose zero sequences (a") are interpolating sequences, play an important role in studying the ideal structure of ff°°. This is best demonstrated by HoiTman's work [4] on the relationship between the Gleason parts of the spectrum M{H°°) o f / T " and interpolating sequences. We assume that the reader is familiar with these results, also nicely presented in Garnett's book [1, § 10]. Let M{H'°) be the space of nonzero multiplicative linear functionals on As usual, we shall identify functions in H ' " with their Gelfand transform / defined on by


suicidal tendencies, linguistic evidence of her affective state will be available in her private journal and, once identified, the language will communicate the affect. The reasoning is circular and, even if Demjén did not know what she was looking for before starting her analysis, having found it we could still not know exactly what Plath was feeling at the time either of writing the Smith Journal or when experiencing the event she was writing about, nor how much in control of her affective state she felt at any particular point in time. And Demjén's concluding recommendation that psychotherapists listen more carefully to their clients' language (p. 215) shows little understanding of the techniques adopted by those specializing in the treatment of depression. Indeed, around the same time that Plath made her first suicide attempt, psychologist Albert Ellis – followed by Aaron Beck, whom Demjén cites – was developing radical new talking treatments to manage depressive disorders. Demjén needs to set out her reasons for choosing Plath as an object of analysis in the first place, as the target readership is not entirely clear. More formalist Plath scholars may find prurient the forensic examination of the author's state of mind at the time of writing the journal, which was not necessarily intended for publication (indeed, it is difficult to imagine Plath would have published the final entries of the Smith Journal in their present form). For general linguists, the main interest will be in the methodological approach, and for them, the insistent focus on Plath's putative mental state will be of less relevance. From this point of view, however, it would have been important to build a stronger conceptual framework about depression and its linguistic manifestations, such as increased selfreference. Demjén's presentation of the literature that informs her approach can seem uneven: her three-page introduction to SFL is not subsequently referred to in the study, but other central claims such as that 'clinical and narrative psychologists have associated unusual self-focus with a variety of affective states including depression, suicidality and narcissism' (p. 66) lack a citation. With its many lists, abstractions and the liberal interpolations of figures and tables, the text becomes a challenge to process. Consigning the plethora of findings to appendices would enable the logic of Demjén's methodology to become more transparent and allow the valuable insights into tense and narrative stance to stand out. Nevertheless, revelations such as the high incidence in the Smith Journal of powerful adjectives, though not necessarily those conveying negative affect, are of great explanatory value in relation to Plath's writing in general. Those who are curious about the mechanics of Plath's style, and not just about her experience of depression, will find a fascinating dissection of the out-of-hours workings of Plath's genius. If for no other reason than the subject matter, this is hardly a book to be read and enjoyed, but were its focus more exclusively on Plath's literary style and less on her person, it could become an indispensable autopsic tool for Plath's other journals and journal writing more generally.


This paper describes the progress towards a single-stage, low power (< 1 W) mixed gas JouleThomson (MGJT) cryocooler for cooling the current leads required by superconducting electronics. By thermally integrating the leads with the recuperative heat exchanger in the MGJT cycle, it is possible to intercept the electrical dissipation and conductive heat leak of the wires at a relatively high temperature thereby providing a thermodynamic advantage. Also, cooling the leads instead of the cryogenic platform may provide some advantages relative to thermal integration. A model has been developed to optimize the concentration of the MG working fluid and the design of the recuperative heat exchanger. The model incorporates the thermodynamic properties of the mixed gas, accommodates a distributed heat load, includes loss terms for pressure drop, axial conductance, and ineffectiveness, and optimizes the cooling power per conductance (QE/UA) of the heat exchanger in order to provide the most compact design. For the relatively small amount of cooling power required for the current leads associated with superconducting electronics (~250 mW), the model defines an optimized mixture, appropriate mass flow rates (~ 0.05 g/s) and the necessary heat exchanger conductance, UA (~ 2 W/K). Two variations of a Hampson type heat exchanger have been designed using the optimization model and constructed to characterize the performance of the MGJT coolers in open and closed cycle operation, and with localized and distributed heat loads. In closed cycle operation, a twophase, fluid management problem has been identified at very low mass flow rates. The fluid management issue limits the performance of the cooler due to insufficient vapor velocity to prevent excessive liquid accumulation. Operation at higher flow rates has demonstrated the increased performance with a distributed load verses an equivalent load localized at the cold-end. INTRODUCTION The mixed gas Joule-Thomson cycle has been identified as an advantageous cooling scheme for current leads because it affords the thermodynamic benefit of absorbing heat over a broad temperature range. Heat is dissipated within a current lead at all points between the room temperature and cryogenic ends, but by integrating the lead with the return-side of the MGJT recuperator, the heat can be absorbed by the refrigerant at all temperatures at which it is generated. The advantage of such a configuration is depicted in Fig. 1. A current lead cooled 443 Cryocoolers 14, edited by S.D. Miller and R.G. Ross, Jr. ©¶International Cryocooler Conference, Inc., Boulder, CO, 2007 with the MGJT system can be converted from a significant heat load on the cold chip platform of the superconducting electronics device where it produces undesirable temperature gradients in the platform, to a localized refrigeration source. An array of such leads then provides the secondary benefit of smoothing out the on-chip temperature profile. The advantages of mixed gas refrigerants as compared to pure gases in JT coolers have been discussed by many previous authors. 1-4 In addition to the significant cooling power available at relatively low operating pressures, the present application takes advantage of the large temperature range over which two-phase heat transfer enhances the recuperator conductance. A unique characteristic of the present application is that the desired level of cooling power is relatively small (~ 100 mW) and the associated low mass flow rates present challenges for fluid management. The subsequent section describes the features and use of a model developed to optimize an MGJT cooler that is subjected to a distributed heat load. Details of two different coolers that have been fabricated based on the model are then presented, followed by the performance characteristics of both coolers. REFRIGERATION SYSTEM MODEL The model developed for the MGJT cooler presented in this report incorporates multiple unique features. First of all, the model is based on the optimization routine developed by Keppler et.al. 5 and utilizes the NIST-4 data-base for gas mixture properties, within a genetic optimization scheme provided by the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software package 6 . The routine ensures an energy balance for the overall system depicted in Fig. 2 through the following set of equations:


Sri Lankan consumes rice as the main source of food. Hence most of the area of the country has been used for paddy cultivation. Therefore improving the paddy cultivation will lead to a positive impact on the society in every aspect. Northern Province of Sri Lanka is divided into two distinct geographic areas: Jaffna peninsula and the Vanni. Jaffna peninsula is irrigated by underground aquifers fed by wells whereas the Vanni has irrigation tanks fed by nonperennial rivers. Major rivers include: Akkarayan Aru, Aruvi Aru, Kanakarayan Aru, Kodalikkallu Aru, Mandekal Aru, Nay Aru, Netheli Aru, Pali Aru, Pallavarayankaddu Aru, Parangi Aru, Per Aru, Piramenthal Aru, Theravil Aru. During dry seasons most of the irrigation schemes in this area become dry. Hence the command area of those irrigation schemes cannot be irrigated successfully for two seasons. As a consequence cultivated crops fail and farmers are affected heavily. This study includes collection of field data, estimation of water availability in the river for diversion, inflow to tanks from catchments by hydrologic modelling, estimation of water demand for cultivation using crop water management model and estimation of the potential improvement of the cultivation areas and cropping intensity. Based on the preliminary study we suggest to improve the irrigation system in the study area, and proposes to construct diversion canal/feeder canals and anicuts across the rivers, by considering these river basins, the final aim can be achieved at investigating the improvement in irrigated areas and cropping intensity by the diversion canal proposed.


Metaphor,as a rhetoric method and an important way of cognizing the world,plays an important role in political literatures.It can help to show one's political viewpoint,arouse the public enthusiasm and guide their political orientation.Thus its translation is of great significance.The author of current research makes a thorough analysis of political metaphors in Report on the Work of the Government of the latest decade and finds that "conversion of metaphor to sense" is a most frequently-used and an effective method for the translation of political metaphors and hopes this finding can shed a new light for the translation of political metaphor as well as political essays.


Matching‐adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) enables indirect comparisons of interventions across separate studies when individual patient‐level data (IPD) are available for only one study. Due to its similarity with propensity score weighting, it has been speculated that MAIC can be combined with outcome regression models in the spirit of augmented inverse probability weighting estimators to improve robustness and efficiency. We show that MAIC enjoys intrinsic double‐robustness and semiparametric efficiency properties for estimating the average treatment effect on the treated in the limited IPD setting without explicit augmentation. A connection between MAIC and the method of simulated treatment comparisons is highlighted. These results clarify conditions under which MAIC is consistent and efficient, informing appropriate application and interpretation of MAIC analyses.


The Smart Protection Devices are intelligent relay protection devices based on machine learning methods. They can delimit complex unconnected parameters areas of various electrical system modes in a multidimensional space. Despite the complexity of the functional load, their implementation does not require an avant-garde computing environment, since all the laborious work on the development of the cognitive abilities of the device's intelligence is carried out even at the development stage. The report notes the importance of thoughtful localization of machine learning methods in relay protection algorithms. It is noted that the solution of the well-known problem of intersection of areas of controlled parameters of various modes of the electrical network is possible if the dimension of the precedent space and the power of the training dataset is sufficient. The success of the Smart Protection Device training largely depends on the appropriate feature engineering, the provision of the necessary capacity and power of the training dataset, and the formation of a compressed training dataset while preserving its information basis. The paper formulates the listed tasks and presents the ways to solve them on the example of the development of the Intelligent Mode Discriminator.


In the context of an unstable economic, social and political environment, SMEs in Romania are very vulnerable. It requires careful study of the causes that generate problems, major obstacles in developing their business objectives and setting priorities for supporting this sector. The success of an organization, the ability to adapt to economic variables and maintain an upward trajectory are determined largely by the quality of its leaders. The entrepreneur's personality characterized by strong motivation gives to an organization a powerful entrepreneurial dimension. The model developed allows to determine the degree of entrepreneurship qualities depending on business risk and the management performance of entrepreneurs. It has a great influence on economic and social activity, the organizational climate of each economic unit. The proposed model can be successfully used in practice to calculate the entrepreneurial qualities for different categories of entrepreneurs for which a performance evaluation has been conducted, according to specific evaluation criteria.


This thesis describes the synthesis~ spectroscopic characterization, electrochemistry and magnetism of mononuclear and polynuclear coordination compounds derived from formylphenols and diaminomaleonitrile (DAM), as well as extended Huckel molecular orbital calculations concerning the magnetic behaviour of binuclear macro cyclic copper(II) compounds. -- Chapter l provides an overview of the literature to date concerning these compounds, with an emphasis on the current understanding of the magnetic properties of binuclear copper(II) systems from experimental (magnetostructural correlations) and computational (extended Huckel and ab initio) points of view. Chapter 2 describes the syntheses of mononuclear and polynuclear copper(II) compounds derived from formylphenols and DAM. A discussion of the x-ray diffraction structures of two copper(II) compounds along with infrared, UV -visible, electrochemical and variable temperature magnetism studies on the DAM-based systems is presented in chapter 3. While copper(II) readily templated the desired DAM-based product, this was not found in general for other metal ion salts and a series of IR guidelines was established to assess the structure and nuclearity of the products isolated. The UV-visible spectra of the copper(II) DAM systems are dominated by charge transfer bands that originate from the 1t framework of the ligand, in contrast to related binuclear copper(II) systems. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that the binuclear copper(II) systems all exhibit a single non-reversible one-electron reduction at uncharacteristically high electrode potentials, except in the case of a diacetonyl adduct (formed upon reaction of a binuclear copper(II) macrocyclic compound with acetone) which undergoes two one-electron reductions to a binuclear copper(I) species via a mixed valence intermediate. The magnetism of the binuclear copper(II) systems is greatly affected by the electronic structure of the DAM residues and this is discussed in detail. The presence of antiferromagnetic exchange in the acetonyl adduct (2J = -25cm⁻¹) despite having the smallest average phenoxide angle reported to date (92.4°) provides experimental support for the results of the extended Huckel study on macrocyclic phenoxide bridged binuclear copper(II) systems.


Today many researchers maintain that the Dravidian and Aryan people of India are native to India. Recent genetic research relating to SNPs indicates that Dravidian and Indo-European speakers are heterogeneous genetically and that Indo-European speakers probably recently migrated into India from central Asia.


Examines the religious dimensions of an early twentieth century black power movement, the universal Negro Improvement Association, whose founder, Marcus Garvey, is here regarded as a religious thinker self-consciously endeavoring to construct their historical experience as a people.


Urban agriculture is an initiative in overcoming the impact of food insecurity. This study identifies the elements of food security and explores the strategy for community resilience from urban agriculture perspectives among the vulnerable urban group. This study employs a systematic literature review by three phases of identification, screening, and eligibility. A total of 15 articles are compiled and analyzed using thematic analysis. Four main themes emerged consist of food security, food production, food flow, and resilience strategy. The four themes produced a total of 14 sub-themes in detailing the element of food security and development strategy of urban agriculture programs for community resilience.Keywords: urban agriculture; community resilience; food security; resilience strategyeISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2047


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of spinal Basis internal fixators in the treatment of thoracolumabr fractures.Methods Twenty-six patients were treated by Basis internal fixators from September 2003 to September 2006.Results all patients were followed-up for a mean time of one year.Mean anterior vertebral height were renewed to 95% postoperative compared to 40% preoperative:Mean posterior vertebral height were resumed to 95% postoperative compared to 80% preoperative.Conclusion Basis internal fixators can be operated easily and are reliable and effective for thoracolumbar fracture,but the charge is more valuable expansive.The usage is limited due to high cost.


This report will identify the technology incorporated which allows the M1 Abrams Battle Tank to be propelled by a high speed, high power turbine engine. We will identify the gearbox used to scale down turbine output and explain how this type of gearbox functions. The automatic transmission will be assessed based on its unique characteristics and its packaging for the application. The power path from the transmission will also be described, as it is routed to the tank's tracks in a manner which allows the vehicle to be propelled forward and turned using a change in velocity between the tracks. In addition to an overall view of the system, there will be a focus on the operation of the automatic transmission. BACKGROUND The powertrain of the M1 Abrams is a complicated and extensive system which transfers the torque needed to propel a 67 ton vehicle. The M1 in all its forms has been powered by the same engine and transmission combination (sourced by Honeywell and Allison respectively) since it entered service in 1980. The M1 has proven to be very reliable in the extreme conditions it was built for and upgrades have kept the units in service on the cutting edge of military technology. 6,000 of the original variant, 3,000 of the M1A1, and over 600 of the M1A2 have been produced, with the M1A3 in development and slated to begin operation in 2017. The drivetrain of the vehicle must transfer the power from a 1500 hp gas turbine to the tracks of the vehicle, which requires 3 major considerations. The first obstacle is the high output speed (over 22,000 rpm) of the engine. Second is the operating characteristic of a turbine engine, which operates best at a near constant speed and within a relatively narrow range (which is made narrower by the reduction in output speed). The third consideration is the steering of the vehicle. Unlike most vehicles that can turn wheels to change direction, tanks must provide a speed differential to the two tracks to allow them to turn. The complexity of the drivetrain is necessitated by these considerations, the first two being uncommon even among tanks, which generally use a diesel engine. Despite its complexity the system must be durable and reliable. Any failure that disabled the tank could not only compromise the safety of the crew, but could also jeopardize the mission. With a combined weight of nearly 7,000 lbs. for the engine and transmission it is obvious that durability comes at a cost, but this is over 3,000 lbs. lighter than a similar diesel setup thanks to the high power density of the turbine engine. DESCRIPTION OF THE TECHNOLOGY Figure 1: Drive System Power Path The M1 Abrams is powered by a Honeywell AGT-1500 gas turbine with a maximum output of 1500 shp. The drivetrain of the M1 Abrams includes a large number of components due to its fairly unique setup of using a gas turbine to power rotating tracks. As power is created by the turbine, it passes from the turbine shaft through a gearbox before reaching the output shaft. At the output shaft the unit creates 2,750 lb-ft of torque at its maximum output speed of 3,000 rpm, or as much as 5,000 lb-ft at around 400 rpm. Figure 2: Transmission Cutaway


In the campaign to reduce the loss of life due to preventable accidents — a figure said to reach 83,000 annually — the National Safety Council, in cooperation with the New York Sections of the national societies of Civil, Mechanical, Mining and Electrical Engineers, held a meeting at the Engineering Societies Building, 33 West 39th St., New York, on Wednesday, November 18, 1925.


1TAbstract 1TDesirable management means to investigate the problems of planning, monitoring coordination of the different parts and how to provide and implement the projects and the public needs that deal with it from prenatal until death. In other words, management must try in direction of all the executive ways that the residing people of the city are contacted with and it must implement the affairs correctly and dispose the problems and meet the needs. The purpose of the macro-management of urban is creating a livable environment for all with social justice, economic efficiency and environmental sustainability and urban management is integrated in the areas of urban land and housing, social services and economic development and environmental infrastructure. The Purpose of this paper is Analysis and ranking physical development indicators in the city of Zabol according to the role of urban management. The results show that the Index (B): The situation of the network of passages and communication network: with a standard weight of (0.277): in the first place and Index (D): The situation of urban green space: with a standard weight of (0.208) in the fourth place.


Rotating speed survey system base on dummy instrument technology engine has the ease of operation, the price high, may the extension be stronger than and so on the characteristic, moreover may consummate the networking function to realize the comprehensive examination. Therefore, the structure of control systematic hardware is set up on technology of dummy instrument in the rev of engine, research the measure elements of rev of engine, expatiate the basic idea of device software on the application LabVIEW platform.


Mitochondrial DNA as a Marker for Genetic Diversity and Evolution
The formulation of the modern breed concept during mid-1800s has caused remarkable changes in the livestock sector: largescale production expanded and its application to breeding and husbandry practices led to the formation of well-defined breeds, exposed to intense anthropogenic selection. As a consequence, farmers progressively substituted the less productive, locally adapted, native breeds with highly productive cosmopolitan breeds and progressively abandoned marginal areas.


Initially established by the Constitutional Amendment n° 29/2000 – later regulated by the complementary law 141/2012 – the "constitucional health minimum" sought to strengthen the public health system in Brazil. The law established minimum percentages of budget resources required to spend on public health services and actions, it also vinculated revenues and expenses for these spending. States, for instance, have to apply each year, in public health, 12% of the total revenues collected. However, apply in public health services and actions it was considered synonym of put this expenses in the budget, but not necessarily pay this expenses. The purpose of this study is to analyze if there is a gap between expenses in the budget and paid in the public health services and actions in the Minas Gerais state. The study will be built with the contraposition of expenses declared in the buged and expenses that were were inscribed in the "remanants to pay". The results of the research show that the gap exist and there was an increasement between 2012 and 2017.


Objective. There is no direct international comparison of the prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) between Japanese and Caucasians. We compared the prevalence of radiographic knee and hand OA between women in Hizen-Oshima, Japan, and in Framingham, Massachusetts, USA. Methods. A population based cross sectional study among 358 women in Japan and 815 women in the USA aged 63 years or older for knee joints, and 157 women in Japan and 655 women in the USA aged 71 years or older for hands. Radiographs were obtained of knees and hands, and were graded according to the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) criteria. Definite OA was defined as K-L grade 2 or higher, present in at least one joint of a given group. A person was defined as having OA or not in a given joint group, and we used logistic regression with the US group as referent to determine the prevalence odds ratio of OA among Japanese. Results. The age adjusted prevalence of knee OA in Japanese women was higher than in Caucasians (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.50–2.56), while the prevalence of hand OA other than distal interphalangeal joint in Japanese was lower than in Caucasians (OR for proximal interphalangeal joint 0.66, 95% CI 0.46–0.93; OR for metacarpophalangeal joint 0.62, 95% CI 0.42–0.90), especially base of thumb OA (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.11–0.22). Conclusion. These findings suggest site-specific differences in the prevalence of OA that may be attributed to genetic and/or environmental factors. (J Rheumatol 2002;29:1454–8) Key Indexing Terms: OSTEOARTHRITIS JAPAN USA ETHNICITY Personal non-commercial use only. The Journal of Rheumatology Copyright © 2002. All rights reserved. www.jrheum.org Downloaded on June 19, 2022 from Yoshida, et al: OA in Japan and USA 1455 have been busy with work, or may have not been interested in their musculoskeletal health. The oldest women may have had severe symptoms or disability preventing attendance at the study site. We compared the age distribution of participants vs nonparticipants. In total, the mean age of participants (63.9 yrs) was significantly higher than nonparticipants (61.1 yrs). Despite having a shipyard in the town, Oshima is a mainly rural (farming/fishery) district. About half the women who participated in the study continue to grow rice and vegetables by manual labor, sometimes using machinery. All participants were noninstitutionalized and living independently at baseline. All subjects gave written informed consent before examination. Height (m) and weight (kg) were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m2). The mean (standard deviation) BMI was 23.4 (3.5). Framingham OA Study, USA. The Framingham Heart Study, begun in 1948, was designed to investigate factors associated with the development of cardiovascular disease in a representative sample of the adult population of Framingham, MA, USA. The study population has been reexamined every 2 years since inception. During the period of the 18th biennial examination, the cohort participants (age range 63–93 yrs) were evaluated for the presence of knee OA. Eight years later at the followup examination for knee OA, the remaining subjects were examined for hand OA (minimum age 71 yrs). Radiographs. Radiographs were obtained of knees (anteroposterior weight bearing) and hands (posteroanterior), and were graded according to the Kellgren-Lawrence criteria (K-L)11. In both studies, knee radiographs were obtained with knees in full extension and hand radiographs were obtained with central ray focused on the 3rd metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint. To standardize readings between the studies, the Japanese reader (SY) trained with the primary reader of the Framingham Study (PA) and used the same atlas and grading scheme. To evaluate interrater reliability for OA grade, we randomly selected 40 subjects from each population. In testing whether OA was present or absent on readings between the studies, the kappa statistic was 0.77 (p < 0.001) for knees and 0.68 (p < 0.001) for hands (combining all joints). Intrarater reliability for OA grade was 0.77 for the knee (p < 0.001). It was not evaluated for hands. Definite OA was defined as K-L grade 2 or higher, present in at least one joint of a given group. We examined the following groups: the knees, the second and third distal interphalangeal (DIP), the proximal interphalangeal (PIP), the MCP, and the base of thumb. Each subject was defined as having OA in a given joint group when at least one joint from this group (e.g., knee) was affected. If a joint from a given group was unreadable, we characterized OA in the group (e.g., DIP) based on the remaining readable joints. Unreadable joints accounted for < 5% of all joints for all groups. Analysis. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System, version 6.12 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). We calculated the age-specific prevalence of knee and hand OA for both populations. Since Japanese subjects had a broader age range than those from Framingham, to compare OA prevalence we restricted the ages of both groups to those of the Framingham women. Age adjusted OR was calculated using logistic regression analysis. Analyses were limited to 358 women in Japan and 815 women in the USA aged 63 years or older for knee joints, and to 157 women in Japan and 655 women in the USA aged 71 years or older for hands, to provide a comparable age range for both populations. RESULTS Age-specific prevalence of radiological changes of OA grade 2–4 in the knee joint is given in Table 1. The prevalence of knee OA in each age group was more common in Japanese women than in Caucasians in the USA. The age-specific prevalence of radiological changes of grade 2–4 OA in hand joints is shown in Table 2. Japanese women had a higher prevalence of OA at the DIP joint in each age group than US women. All Japanese women aged 80–89 years had OA at the DIP joint. On the other hand, the prevalence of OA at PIP, MCP, or base of thumb was less in Japanese women than in US women. The difference in the prevalence of OA at base of thumb was especially pronounced. The odds ratios adjusting for age indicated that Japanese women had more frequent knee OA and less OA in hand joints (PIP, MCP, and base of thumb) than US women (Table 3). Compared with women from Framingham, the odds of knee OA were twice as high in Japanese women. The OR for OA at the thumb base for Japanese women was 0.15, indicating much lower prevalence in Japanese compared with Framingham women. We could not make definitive comparisons of the prevalence of DIP OA because it was nearly universal in both groups, although the prevalence in Japanese women was modestly higher. DISCUSSION It is still controversial whether racial differences in the prevalence of OA exist or not. To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the prevalence of knee and hand OA between Japanese and Caucasians in the United States. The Japanese genetic background and lifestyle are different from Table 1. Age-specific prevalence of knee OA among women in HizenOshima, Japan, and Framingham, USA. Japan USA Age Group, yrs No. Prevalence, % No. Prevalence, % 63–69 157 35.8 291 26.5 70–79 171 54.0 415 36.4 80–89 30 63.3 109 52.3 Table 2. Age-specific prevalence of OA at the distal interphalangeal (DIP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), metacarpophalangeal (MCP), and base of thumb joint. Japan USA Age Group, yrs No. * Prevalence, % No. Prevalence, % DIP 71–79 110 97.3 389 83.0 80–89 28 100.0 266 86.5 PIP 71–79 120 40.0 389 56.6 80–89 30 43.3 266 68.1 MCP 71–79 127 20.5 389 34.2 80–89 30 33.3 266 44.0 Base of thumb 71–79 127 18.1 389 62.2 80–89 29 27.6 266 70.3 * Some subjects had missing data for a specific joint, thus numbers for each joint differ. Personal non-commercial use only. The Journal of Rheumatology Copyright © 2002. All rights reserved. www.jrheum.org Downloaded on June 19, 2022 from The Journal of Rheumatology 2002; 29:7 1456 those of Americans, and this may contribute to the development of OA. Our results suggest site-specific differences in the prevalence of OA, with disease in the knee more prevalent and disease in most hand joints less prevalent in Japanese than in Caucasian women. Direct international comparison of the prevalence of OA in different countries is difficult, since the same methodology and disease definition are needed. The reader in the Japan study was trained in reading radiographs by the primary reader in the Framingham study, and all Japanese radiographs were read by this one observer (SY). Further, we evaluated DIP, PIP, and MCP joints at only the 2nd and 3rd finger, not all fingers. However, a recent report showed that the results of only 2nd and 3rd fingers were similar to those of all fingers12. Thus, our results could be surrogate (or representative) for evaluating all fingers. The prevalence of hand OA, especially at the base of thumb, was much lower in Japanese women than in Caucasians in this study. Several studies have reported that in the hands over 50% of OA may be associated with inheritance13,14. Base of thumb OA is regarded as a part of generalized OA15-17. Thus there may be, in part, a tendency for Caucasians to have multiple joints affected by OA more than Japanese, through genetic factors. Environmental or cultural (lifestyle) differences between the populations may account for the differences in OA prevalence we found. Half the Japanese women we studied were engaged in farming, and these women may have a high risk of joint injury and of repetitive hand use; these may be risk factors for OA18,19. The prevalence of OA at the DIP joint in Japanese was modestly higher than in Caucasians, suggesting that farming might, in part, contribute to sitespecific OA such as in the DIP joint. Although there is insufficient data on OA at the DIP joint, the prevalence of OA at the hip or knee in farming areas is higher than in urban areas20. Thus the prevalence of OA in urban areas may be different from that in the farming are


This paper used social network analysis method to analyze the high frequency author-co-author network in domestic supply chain finance field. In this study, relevant literatures on supply chain finance collected by CNKI from 2005 to 2019 were selected and key information was extracted. This paper used SATI, the literature citations information statistical analysis tool, to build correlation matrix. Social network analysis software UCINET was used to draw the map of co-authored network. The authors' subnet patterns, network density, centrality, cohesive subgroups and structural holes were analyzed, and the scientific collaboration network characteristics in this field were elaborated to promote academic exchange and development in the field of supply chain finance. The analysis results showed that the authors of supply chain finance in China is not connected enough, the overall network connectivity is weak, and there are few core nodes that play a key role. Therefore, scholars in this field should strengthen cooperation appropriately in the future.


Correction for 'Abiotic microcompartments form when neighbouring droplets fuse: an electrochemiluminescence investigation' by Silvia Voci et al., Chem. Sci., 2023, 14, 2336–2341, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2SC06553C.


This article addresses the relationship between Paul's reference to justification 'in Christ' in Gal. 2.17 and the description of Paul's relation to Christ in Gal. 2.19-20. Interpreters typically suggest that these verses bear no direct relation to each other or that they demonstrate that Paul understands justification to entail more than a forensic declaration. There is, however, an old but often neglected interpretation of this passage maintaining that Gal. 2.19-20 should be understood in forensic terms. This view suggests that the phrase 'Christ lives ἐν ἐμοί' (Gal. 2.20) does not refer to the indwelling of Christ but rather depicts Christ's reception of resurrection life as a representative event into which believers are incorporated. The central argument of this article is that several lines of evidence support the viability of this proposal.


On the whole operation environment of enterprise dynamic alliance, the article introduces its three main component, Agents, OU, and EU. And the detailed discuss about Agent, including its characters, categories, activities, interaction, and the C/S system. Through the actual prove, the article is feasible.


Purpose
Experiencing bereavement in childhood can cause profound changes to developmental trajectories. This paper aims to evaluate the feasibility of implementing a public health intervention in schools to encourage pupils aged 12-15 years to independently explore ideas of death, dying, loss and end of life care in a structured and creative format.

Design/methodology/approach
A co-produced storytelling intervention was implemented in an independent school in Norwich, UK. Pupils wrote up to 1,000 words in response to the title, "I Wish We'd Spoken Earlier". Their participation was voluntary and extra-curricular. Stakeholder feedback was used in addition to the submissions as a measure of acceptability, appropriateness, adoption and feasibility.

Findings
In total, 24 entries were submitted. Pupils demonstrated their ability to engage thoughtfully and creatively with the subject matter. Feasibility for the storytelling intervention was demonstrated. Importantly, the intervention also prompted family conversations around preferences and wishes for end of life care.

Research limitations/implications
To determine whether the intervention has psychological and social benefits will require further study.

Practical implications
Educational settings can be considered as anchor institutions to support a public health approach to end of life care.

Originality/value
The positive response from all stakeholders in delivering and supporting the intervention indicates that schools are a community asset that could be further empowered to support children and families affected by death, dying and loss.


We compute the oriented cobordism group of fold maps of 4-manifolds into the space with all the possible restrictions (and also with no restriction) to the singular fibers. We also give geometric invariants which describe completely the cobordism group of fold maps.


Stereospecific molecular recognition with simple and easily available proteins is of significant importance in life science and biomaterial science. Herein, we report on a chiral sensing platform, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) functionalized bovine serum albumin (BSA), for chiral recognition of tryptophan (Trp) isomers. Amidation reaction between BSA and GQDs was directly responsible for the introduction of GQDs to BSA, resulting in significant changes in the spatial configuration of BSA and the exposure of more chiral sites at the protein surface. The BSA-GQDs based chiral sensor exhibited good biomolecular homochirality in the recognition of Trp isomers, and the higher affinity of BSA-GQDs toward L-Trp than its isomer, D-Trp, was also revealed by density functional theory (DFT) considering the possible hydrogen bonds between the Trp isomers and the solvent accessible residues of BSA.