Although risk aversion is a fundamental element in standard theories of lottery choice, asset valuation, contracts, and insurance (e.g., Daniel Bernoulli, 1738; John W. Pratt, 1964; Kenneth J. Arrow, 1965), experimental research has provided little guidance as to how risk aversion should be modeled. To date, there have been several approaches used to assess the importance and nature of risk aversion. Using lotterychoice data from a Ž eld experiment, Hans P. Binswanger (1980) concluded that most farmers exhibit a signiŽ cant amount of risk aversion that tends to increase as payoffs are increased. Alternatively, risk aversion can be inferred from bidding and pricing tasks. In auctions, overbidding relative to Nash predictions has been attributed to risk aversion by some and to noisy decision-making by others, since the payoff consequences of such overbidding tend to be small (Glenn W. Harrison, 1989). Vernon L. Smith and James M. Walker (1993) assess the effects of noise and decision cost by dramatically scaling up auction payoffs. They Ž nd little support for the noise hypothesis, reporting that there is an insigniŽ cant increase in overbidding in private-value auctions as payoffs are scaled up by factors of 5, 10, and 20. Another way to infer risk aversion is to elicit buying and/or selling prices for simple lotteries. Steven J. Kachelmeier and Mohamed Shehata (1992) report a signiŽ cant increase in risk aversion (or, more precisely, a decrease in risk-seeking behavior) as the prize value is increased. However, they also obtain dramatically different results depending on whether the choice task involves buying or selling, since subjects tend to put a high selling price on something they "own" and a lower buying price on something they do not, which implies risk-seeking behavior in one case and risk aversion in the other. Independent of the method used to elicit a measure of risk aversion, there is widespread belief (with some theoretical support discussed below) that the degree of risk aversion needed to explain behavior in low-payoff settings would imply absurd levels of risk aversion in high-payoff settings. The upshot of this is that risk-aversion effects are controversial and often ignored in the analysis of laboratory data. This general approach has not caused much concern because most theorists are used to bypassing risk-aversion issues by assuming that the payoffs for a game are already measured as utilities. The nature of risk aversion (to what extent it exists, and how it depends on the size of the stake) is ultimately an empirical issue, and additional laboratory experiments can produce useful evidence that complements Ž eld observations by providing careful controls of probabilities and payoffs. However, even many of those economists who admit that risk aversion may be important have asserted that decision makers should be approximately risk neutral for the low-payoff decisions (involving several dollars) that are typically encountered in the laboratory. The implication, that low laboratory incentives may be somewhat unrealistic and therefore not useful in measuring attitudes to* Holt: Department of Economics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903; Laury: Department of Economics, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303. We wish to thank Ron Cummings for helpful suggestions and for funding the human subjects' payments. In addition, we are especially grateful to John List and Brett Katzman for setting up the sessions at the Universities of Central Florida and Miami, respectively. This work was also funded in part by the National Science Foundation (SBR-9753125, SBR-9818683, and SBR-0094800). We wish to thank Loren Smith for research assistance, and John Kagel, Dan Levin, Andrew Muller, Tom Palfrey, Peter Wakker, seminar participants at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, and an anonymous referee for helpful suggestions. 1 This is analogous to the well-known "willingness-topay/willingness-to-accept bias." Asking for a high selling price implies a preference for the risk inherent in the lottery, and offering a low purchase price implies an aversion to the risk in the lottery. Thus the way that the pricing task is framed can alter the implied risk attitudes in a dramatic manner. The issue is whether seemingly inconsistent estimates are due to a problem with the way risk aversion is conceptualized, or to a behavioral bias that is activated by the experimental design. We chose to avoid this possible complication by framing the decisions in terms of choices, not purchases and sales.


Both glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its recently discovered congener, neurturin (NTN), have been shown to excert neuroprotective effects on lesioned nigral dopamine (DA) neurons when administered at the level of the substantia nigra. In the present study, we have explored the relative in vivo potency of these two neurotrophic factors using two alternative routes of administration, into the striatum or the lateral ventricle, which may be more relevant in a clinical setting. In rats subjected to an intrastriatal (IS) 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) lesion, GDNF and NTN were injected every third day for 3 weeks starting on the day after the 6‐OHDA injection. GDNF provided almost complete (90–92%) protection of the lesioned nigral DA neurons after both IS and intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration. NTN, by contrast, was only partially effective after IS injection (72% sparing) and totally ineffective after ICV injection. Although the trophic factor injections protected the nigral neurons from lesion‐induced cell death, the level of expression of the phenotypic marker, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), was markedly reduced in the rescued cell bodies. The extent of 6‐OHDA‐induced DA denervation in the striatum was unaffected by both types of treatment; consistent with this observation, the high rate of amphetamine‐induced turning seen in the lesioned control animals was unaltered by either GDNF or NTN treatment. In the GDNF‐treated animals, and to a lesser extent also after IS NTN treatment, prominent axonal sprouting was observed within the globus pallidus, at the level where the lesioned nigrostriatal axons are known to end at the time of onset of the neurotrophic factor treatment. The results show that GDNF is highly effective as a neuroprotective and axon growth‐stimulating agent in the IS 6‐OHDA lesion model after both IS and ICV administration. The lower efficacy of NTN after IS, and particularly ICV, administration may be explained by the poor solubility and diffusion properties at neutral pH.


This paper presents an approach for VLSI implementation of high speed delta operator realized digital filters. Although the use of delta operator in digital filter realizations has received interest in technical literature recently, less attention has been paid to the implementation of delta operator realized digital filters. The main focus in this paper is on the implementation of delta realized direct form II transposed (DFIIt) structure, which has been found to provide excellent roundoff noise performance in narrowband digital filtering applications. The results show that in such applications, where the sampling rate is high compared to the underlying signal bandwidth, the use of delta operator results in up to 40% savings in silicon area compared to delay realizations with equal roundoff noise performance.


We develop a simple two country model of international trade that assumes that there is a fixed cost associated with transporting goods across national boundaries. We show that this leads to multiple equilibria that can be Pareto-ranked. One of these equilibria is autarky. We argue that the existence of fixed costs in transport can help explain the low volume of North-South trade.


manuscript sources is much to be welcomed. On the other hand, the reinterpretations of British and African history offered are neither as radical nor as far-reaching as the publisher's blurb would have the reader believe. In fact, although thought-provoking, this book should certainly not be seen as a definitive work on Salisbury or imperialism. Some typographical errors have been detected on pages 49, 61, 146, 188, 195 and 261, while Delcasse is denied the accent on the final letter of his name throughout.


Objective: As one of the important active barriers in the human organism, endothelial cells (EC) play a central role in the biological reaction to a variety of stimuli, e.g. during the induction and regulation of inflammation, as well as in the reaction to transplantation and biomaterial implantation. In the study of endothelial function, the most widely used in vitro model is that of human umbilical vein EC (HUVEC), i.e. an EC type of embryonic and macrovascular origin. However, many of the important pathological processes occur at microvascular level, thus questioning the validity of the HUVEC model. Moreover, the morphological and functional heterogeneity of the endothelium in the various organs, e.g. kidney, liver and lung, must be taken into consideration. The purpose of the present study was to use a dynamic cell culture system to compare the reactions of HUVEC and human pulmonary microvascular EC (HPMEC) to pro-inflammatory stimulation. Methods: HUVEC and HPMEC in monolayer culture were stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in a parallel-plate flow chamber. Short- (4 h) and long-term (12 h) stimulation were compared. As a functional parameter, the adhesion of human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) to EC was quantitated both under venous and arterial flow conditions. Results: Short-term (4 h) TNFα stimulation and venous flow conditions elicited a 32% higher PMN adhesion to HPMEC compared with HUVEC, whereas under arterial flow conditions no statistically significant differences were found. Following longer-term (12 h) TNFα stimulation, PMN adhesion to HPMEC was 65% higher than to HUVEC under venous flow. Under arterial flow no differences were detected. Conclusion: The present results provide new data on the heterogeneity of the endothelium and affect a central element in microvascular pathology, namely granulocyte-endothelial interactions. Moreover, this paper emphasizes the necessity to evaluate the in vitro models of the endothelium with respect to the extrapolation to the situation in vivo.


The phenomena at the local impulse photo-excitation of intrinsic high concentrated non-equilibrium carriers are experimentally studied. The effect of substantial increase in photoexcited carrier lifetime is found. It is shown that the effect of substantial increase in photoexcited carrier lifetime is stemmed from a change in a degeneration level and the displacement of an impurity recombination level towards the Fermi level caused by the local thermoelastic defomation of the crystal and corresponding distribution of non-equilibrium carrier concentration. 4 Физика и техника полупроводников, 2017, том 51, вып. 10


Article is to procedural peculiarities judicial proceedings arbitration courts when considering statements of stakeholders to dismiss head of the debtor in the procedure of observation devoted. The existing legal collisions at the declared theme of the research are analyzed and ways to overcome them are suggested.


THE INVENTION CONCERNS A PROCESS FOR PREPARING 4-alkoxyanilines. THE PROCESS IS hydrogenating, BY CATALYST, A NITROBENZENE IN THE PRESENCE OF A CATALYST OF NOBLE METAL MIXED SOLVENT CONTAINING ALIPHATIC ALCOHOL lOWER, SULFURIC ACID AND WATER OR lOWER ALIPHATIC CARBOXYLIC ACID OR BOTH, TO CAUSE THE HYDROGENATION REACTION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF TYPE Bamberger. COMPOUNDS ACHIEVED ARE INTERMEDIATE USEFUL IN INDUSTRY DYES AND DRUGS.


Herein is proposed the creation of an Application Programming Interface (API) for the Unity 3 and 4 video game development engine that not only reads behavioral measures from traditional video game input devices (such as if there has been an increase in mouse movements and clicks) but also takes into account physiological measures from biometric devices (such as an increase in respiratory rate). The API parses these inputs based on study results that correlated player performance and engagement with physiological signs across several different game genres. Through the use of several rudimentary machine learning algorithms, raw physiological data is transformed into data relevant to a developer, including player engagement. The results of these calculations allow a game designer to have powerful tools for detecting when players experience certain emotions, and allow for the design of affective games. Furthermore, the API also exposes the raw data to developers wishing to propose and utilize their own learning algorithms, to allow for a rich development environment for developers of all skill levels. These development tools will enrich the game experience for the player, as well as prepare designers for the use of the next wave of non-traditional input hardware. This report serves to illustrate the current status of the API. A brief overview of the significance of galvonic skin response (GSR), heart rate (HR), and respiratory rate (RR) in detecting player performance and engagement will be followed by a discussion of the API itself and the design choices therein.


Clinical and radiological studies (Romanus and Yden, 1952a,b; Romanus, 1953) offer a new and more coherent concept of ankylosing spondylitis, and help to explain certain characteristic features, such as its progression from the sacro-iliac joints up the spine and into the pelvis, with combined pelvic, spinal, and peripheral symptoms, and its predominance in male patients. These studies have suggested the designation "pelvo-spondylitis ossificans". The results of nineteen biopsies of specimens from different skeletal regions, and an examination of one autopsy case are reported below. This series shows the histological appearance of the disease at different stages, and assists in the interpretation of the radiological changes.


The versatile multifunctional protein Gemin5 is involved in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) assembly, ribosome binding, and translation control through distinct domains located at the protein ends. However, the structure and function of the central moiety of Gemin5 remained unknown. Here, we solved the crystal structure of an extended tetratricopeptide (TPR)-like domain in the middle region of Gemin5, demonstrating that it self-assembles into a canoe-shaped dimer. Mass spectrometry analysis shows that this dimerization module is functional in living cells and drives the interaction between p85, a viral-induced Gemin5 cleavage fragment, and the full-length Gemin5. In contrast, disruption of the dimerization surface by a point mutation in the TPR-like domain prevents this interaction and abrogates the translation enhancement induced by p85. The structural characterization of this unprecedented dimerization domain provides the mechanistic basis for a role of the middle region of Gemin5 as a key mediator of protein-protein interactions. HIGHLIGHTS - The crystal structure of a central region of Gemin5 reveals a novel dimerization domain - The proteolytic product of Gemin5 (p85) recruits the endogenous protein through the dimerization module - The dimerization capability of Gemin5 determines the factors recruited in human cells - Disruption of the dimerization domain impairs p85 ability to stimulate translation Graphical abstract


Life expectancy and infant mortality are of the major indicators for assessing the efficiency of every social health systems. Bulk of literature on health economics is related to the unilateral influences of macroeconomic variables on health sector indices and less attention has been paid to bilateral and simultaneous effects. Therefore, present paper aims to examine the bilateral and simultaneous impacts of the key macroeconomic variables on life expectancy and infant mortality in Iran during 1981-2018. To this aim, a system of simultaneous equations based on variables of life expectancy, infant mortality and economic growth by considering the government health care expenditures and Gini coefficient is developed. Findings indicated that income growth per capita positively affects the growth of life expectancy index by 31%, but growth of social-class differences or income inequality has a negative effect on this index. Moreover, escalation of health care budget in Iran has led to infant mortality rate slumping by 81%. It highlights the significant role of government, parliament and legislature in approving and improving the Ministry of Health budget and facilitating achievement of higher social-health standards. Finally, the outcomes reflected the simultaneous and positive effect of improving growth of life expectancy and reverse effect of infant mortality growth indices on the economic growth of Iran. The findings of current study provide evidence on the bilateral relationship between enhancing the macroeconomic conditions and improving the health economy indicators and existence of a reinforcing loop between them. Finally, the outcomes reflected the simultaneous and positive effect of improving growth of life expectancy and reverse effect of infant mortality growth indices on the economic growth of Iran. The findings of current study provide evidence on the bilateral relationship between enhancing the macroeconomic conditions and improving the health economy indicators and existence of a reinforcing loop between them.


The analytical form of spectral domain Green's functions is discussed by means of symmetry considerations. This yields meromorphic decompositions with exact branch cut extraction. It is shown that this requires the calculation of Hankel convolutions of surface and volume waves.


ABSTRACT We analyzed the combined effects of population density and presence or absence of shelters on growth and physiological performance of the crayfish Cambarellus montezumae. Three different densities—64, 144, and 208 crayfish per m2—with and without shelters were used. Growth; survival; metabolic rate; tissue glucose; and total lipid, triglyceride, nitrogen, and energy content were measured. Animals stocked at 64 and 144 per m2 with shelter reached the highest body weight; those in groups without shelter had elevated levels of glucose (p < .05). Animals stocked at 144 per m2 retained the most nitrogen and energy (p < .05). Overall, the combination of medium density with shelters produced the best performance.


ZnO and TiO2 nanofibers are synthesized via electrospinning methods and characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Humidity sensors with double-layer sensing films are fabricated by spinning the ZnO and TiO2 nanofibers on ceramic substrates sequentially. Compared with sensors loading only one type of nanofiber, the double-layer sensors exhibit much better sensing properties. The corresponding impedance changes more than four orders of magnitude within the whole humidity range from 11% to 95% relative humidity, and the response and recovery times are about 11 and 7s, respectively. Maximum hysteresis is around 1.5% RH, and excellent stability is also observed after 180 days. The humidity sensing mechanism is discussed in terms of the sensor structure. The experimental results provide a possible route for the design and fabrication of high performance humidity sensors based on one-dimensional nanomaterials.


Spores sown in axenic culture required darkness, took weeks to germinate, and, at least for B. dissectum, produced a three-dimensional gametophyte immediately after germination (Whittier, 1973; Gifford & Brandon, 1978). None of the earlier reports by Campbell and du Buysson gave any indication that darkness was required for germination. In soil cultures, 0. moluccanum, 0. vulgatum, and B. ternatum germinated in a few days, which is a period comparable to that for spores of the Polypodiaceae (Campbell, 1907; du Buysson, 1889). Young gametophytes of O. vulgatum and B. ternatum were illustrated by du Buysson (1889) with filamentous and two-dimensional growth habits which are similar to those for polypodiaceous gametophytes. Consequently, the present study of additional species was carried out in axenic culture to determine how the requirements for germination and the type of early gametophyte development for these species compared with the results from previous studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Spores of eight Ophioglossaceae species, Botrychium biternatum (Sav.) Underw., B. dissectum Spreng. var. dissectum, B. lunarioides (Michx.) Swartz, B. matricariifolium A. Braun, B. virginianum (L.) Swartz, Ophioglossum engelmannii Prantl, and 0. vulgatum var. pycnostichum Fern. and var. pseudopodum (Blake) Farw., were used in this study. With the exception of the spores of B. matricariifblium and 0. vulgatum var. pseudopodum, which were from Ontario, the spores were collected in the southeastern United States. Voucher specimens are on deposit in the Vanderbilt University Herbarium (VDB). The techniques of Whittier (1973) were employed. The spores were sown on 15 ml of nutrient medium in culture tubes with a diameter of 20 mm. The tubes had screw caps which were tightened to reduce moisture loss. The nutrient medium was composed of Knudson's solution of mineral salts, minor elements, FeEDTA, and 0.6% agar (Whittier, 1973). The medium was supplemented with 0.5% sucrose and had a pH of 6.3. The spores were cultured at 24+ 1?C in the light at an intensity of


A novel laser interference lithography system with enhanced tunablility in pattern periodicity and coverage has been designed and tested for large-area nano-patterning in a wide range of a pattern frequency. The tunable feature has been achieved by using two rotational mirrors on expanded beam paths at specific angles for a designed period. With a 325 nm laser wavelength, uniform resist nano-patterns of 250, 500, and 750 nm have been experimentally demonstrated on a 4-inch silicon substrate. This new interferometer configuration offers a convenient and robust way to prepare large-area nanostructures with superior tunability in pattern periods.


The purpose of our study was to investigate the hematological status, vitamin B12 and folic acid absorption and intestinal pathology after Giardia lamblia infection in a rat model. Adult Wistar rats were assigned randomly to receive human giardia cysts orally in the amount of 5 x 10 or 1.0 x 10 cysts, or none in the controls. The results showed that all the rats injected with giardia cysts became infected. The cyst output in the infected rats varied considerably. In rats infected with 5.0 x 10 giardia cysts, the incubation period until cyst output was 10 days compared with 4 days in rats infected with the higher amount of 1.0 x 10 giardia cysts. The highest peaks for cysts output in these 2 groups were on days 4-33, which decreased gradually to days 40-58. The hematocrit and hemoglobin levels in the infected rats were statistically significantly lower than in the controls on days 16, 22, 33, and 37 postinfection (p < 0.05). A reverse relationship between giardia cyst output and hemoglobin concentration was found in the infected rats (p = 0.05). There were no significant differences in plasma vitamin B12 and folic acid levels between the infected rats and the control rats. No pathological changes were found in the small intestine of infected rats. These findings suggest that giardiasis did not affect the absorption of plasma vitamin B12 and folic acid but caused anemia in a rat model. of giardia infection vary considerably, from asymptomatic to acute infection. Clinical signs related to enteric protozoan diseases commonly involve malabsorption, diarrhea, weight loss or growth retardation and anorexia (Hjelt et al, 1993). Chronic infection with G. lamblia is common and can probably develop into acute infection (Chester et al, 1985). Giardiasis may present with severe damage of the small intestine with subsequent effects on nutrient absorption (Oberhuber et al, 1997). Malabsorption of disaccharides is a main complication of giardiasis (Vega-Franco et al, 1987; Gendrel et al, 1992). However, many patients infected with G. intestinalis do not present with symptoms or damage to the small intestine (Farthing, 1996). The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of giardia infection on hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations, vitamin B12 and folic acid levels and intestinal pathological abnormalities in a rat model. Correspondence: Cheeraratana Cheeramakara, Department of Tropical Radioisotopes, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University,420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Tel: 66 (0) 2643-5585; Fax: 66 (0) 2643-5585 E-mail: email@example.com SOUTHEAST ASIAN J TROP MED PUBLIC HEALTH 812 Vol 35 No. 4 December 2004 MATERIALS AND METHODS


The information entropy for Smoluchowski coagulation equation is proposed based on statistical mechanics. And the normalized particle size distribution is a lognormal function at equilibrium from the principle of maximum entropy and moment constraint. The geometric mean volume and standard deviation in the distribution function are determined as simple constant. The results reveal that the assumption that algebraic mean volume be unit in self-preserving hypothesis is reasonable in some sense. Based on the present definition of information entropy, the Cercignani's conjecture holds naturally for Smoluchowski coagulation equation. Together with the proof that the conjecture is also true for Boltzmann equation, Cercignani's conjecture will holds for any two-body collision systems, which will benefit the understanding of Brownian motion and molecule kinematic theory, such as the stability of the dissipative system, and the mathematical theory of convergence to thermodynamic equilibrium.


Models and algorithms for effective decision-making in a data-driven environment are discussed. To enhance the quality of the extracted knowledge and decision-making, the data sets are transformed, the knowledge is extracted with multiple algorithms, the impact of the decisions on the modeled process is simulated, and the parameters optimizing process performance are recommended. The applications discussed in this paper differ from most data mining tasks, where the extracted knowledge is used to assign decision values to new objects that have not been included in the training data. For example, in a typical data mining application the equipment fault is recognized based on the failure symptoms. In this paper, a subset of rules is selected from the extracted knowledge to meet the established decision-making criteria. The parameter values represented by the conditions of this set of rules are called a decision signature. A model and algorithms for the selection of the desired parameters (decision signatures) will be developed. The parameters of this model are updated using a framework provided by the learning classifier systems.


A novel model for the kitchen garbage treatment, "crushing with disposer, anaerobic-aerobic degradation in digester, sewerage discharge", was evaluated in this study. The solubilization and degradation of crushed kitchen garbage were observed in anaerobic wastewater treatment at various temperatures (35C, 25C and 13C) with different addition of nutrients. Both effluents and mass balances of anaerobic-aerobic kitchen garbage treatment were examined at various temperatures with nutrients being added. Experimental results and total cost analysis indicate that the kitchen garbage reduction, the operational safety and economy concerned with the proposed model are optimized at 25C.


I To find an initial basic solution, we construct an auxiliary linear program Laux I This auxiliary linear program has the property that we can find a feasible basic solution for it after at most one pivot operation I Furthermore, original LP problem has a feasible solution if and only if the optimal objective value for Laux is zero I If optimal value of Laux is 0, we can extract basic feasible solution of original problem from optimal solution to Laux


Polyamine uptake and metabolism were studied in cultures of normal and Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chick embryo fibroblasts. The uptake of radioactive putrescine and spermidine by the transformed cells was faster than that of the normal controls. The amount of radioactive putrescine and polyamines taken up by the transformed cells also exceeded that observed with normal fibroblasts. The intracellular levels of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were considerably higher in the transformed cells than in the normal controls. Radioactive spermidine was converted into N-acetylputrescine and N1-acetylspermidine by the transformed cells. The extent of this conversion by the normal fibroblasts was significantly lower. Radioactive putrescine and spermine were also formed from radioactive spermidine added to cultures of transformed fibroblasts. The rate of this conversion was significantly slower in normal chick embryo fibroblasts.


The Nd:YAG laser is used as the palliative treatment of obstructive and/or hemorrhagic intestinal lesions with an effective but temporary symptomatic relief, with symptoms and signs recurrence after six to eight weeks. This report describes the treatment of a patient bearing a low rectal adenocarcinoma through diode laser ablation and the result after 17 months.


At present, road accident has become a regular headache for all people around the world. To overcome the situation, people are thinking of updating the way of driving and road law. Different brands of automobile companies are trying to invent different types of facilities in vehicles. The main focus of this paper is to ensure the life security of the drivers. There will be sensors for health monitoring system that will track the driver's health, such as heart rate, temperature, and whether or not the driver is drunk, as well as drowsiness. This prototype uses an ultrasonic sensor, which will detect very close vehicles and reduce its own speed. However, the engine will start based on driver health, where sensors will always observe the driver's lively movement. Car accident prevention with the health monitoring system of the driver can be a blueprint to reduce car accidents, and it will be cost-effective. This project is expected to have a significant effect on society and obtain better results.


System level ESD protection methodology for mobile display driver IC is discussed at the viewpoint of hard and soft failure caused by injected ESD charge into I/O pins from LCD panel. The key design factor was analyzed through device simulation, successfully implemented to IC and verified at system level ESD evaluation.


This paper highlights some aspects of the practice of discrimination by the United States of America in its import policy for regulating the imports of "textiles" (including textiles and clothing) from selected developing Asian Countries under bilateral agreements within the framework of the current Multi Fiber Arrangement (MFA). We have selected five such countries for special study, namely, Hong Kong, China (Taiwan), Republic of Korea, India and Thailand. These countries have been selected for illustrating the effects of the relative degree of restrictions imposed by the U.S. in its current bilateral agreements with three different types of suppliers from the so-called "low cost" developing countries. The first three countries represent the category of "major suppliers", the fourth one represents "middle level suppliers" and the last one represents the category of "new" or "marginal suppliers". This paper presents the preliminary findings of the research on this subject being conducted by the author. It is divided into three sections. Section I briefly provides the background to the evolution of the U.S. textile import policy particularly towards Asian countries and the performance of the U.S. economy relating to the "textiles" sector as well as the effects of changes in the U.S. policies on its imports from the selected developing Asian countries. The period covered is 1973 to 1980. Section II presents a critical analysis of some of the effects of discriminatory U.S. textile import policy surveyed in Section I. A few concluding remarks are offered for further examination in Section III relating to the future policy options on the MFA in general and the U.S, Textile import policy in particular. On the basis of the evidence presented, this paper concludes that in implementing MFA-II (covering the period 1978-81), the U.S. has made it more restrictive than MFA-I (covering the period 1974-77). The developing Asian countries belonging to the categories of "major suppliers" and "middle level suppliers" have been systematically discriminated against by the U.S. in recent years. This has caused considerable dislocation to their economies which is neither adequately recognized nor compensated by the U.S, (and other countries practising such discrimination). Considering the improved performance of the U.S. textile and apparel industries in recent years, the paper urges the U.S. Government to liberalise restraints bilaterally and also help to get a more liberal MFA extended with mechanisms to strengthen its truly multilateral character. A few suggestions are made for this purpose.


In the current study, the chemical constituents of the methanol extract of Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) were identified. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated via cup agar, and disk diffusion methods using five pathogenic bacterial & fungal strains Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium oxysporum. Also, the total antioxdant capacity (TAC) was evaluated via phosphomolybdenum method, and total phenolic content (TPC) was evaluated via Folin-Ciocalteu's assay. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of five identified compounds representing (91.15%) of the total composition viz., 5-cedranone (73.05%), β-selinene (7.25%), eucalyptol (6.54%), and terpinolene (3.69%). The results showed that the methanol extract exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against the five strains expressed by inhibition zones as 29, 29, 29.5, 17.5, and 29.5 mm by cup agar method, and 9.5, 11, 10, 8, and 16.5 mm by disk diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium oxysporum respectively. Moreover the TAC value was 726.73 mg AAE/g dry extract, and the TPC was 432.88 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract. In conclusion, the methanol extract of Hylocereus polyrhizus fruit showed strong antimicrobial activity, which may be return to its oxygenated terpenes like 5-cedranone, eucalyptol, and α-terpineol.


Recently, high-performance concrete and high strength concrete have been developed actively. Mineral admixtures such as blast furnance slag, fly ash and lime powder are indispensable for high-performance concrete and high strength concrete. However, the influence of carbonation on the process of penetration of chloride ion into hardend concrete with mineral admixtures is not still fully understood. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify that the influence of carbonation on the process of penetration of chloride ion into hardened concrete with mineral admixtures in case of reinforced concrete structures on the seashore. So, the authors experimented on the influence of carbonation on the process of penetration of chloride ion into hardened concrete with mineral admixtures by using original chloride permeability tester. keywords: chloride-induced corrosion, chloride ion, mineral admixture, Friedl's salt


The Paretian tradition has been one of the most important research strands in the interwar period in Italy. It included a small but strong group of economists, among them the notable Luigi Amoroso and Giulio La Volpe. The more ambitious project carried out by the Paretians was the dynamization of the theory of general equilibrium. In accordance with the main international research programs, also in Italy, the 1930s were the years of economic dynamics. Luigi Amoroso, following his scientific formation and emphasizing the analogies using physical sciences, in particular rational mechanics, proposed a view of economic dynamics based on the habits; La Volpe turned his attention to choices grounded in plans and predictions, that is, in the future. The Paretian approach to dynamics was one of the most original products of the Italian tradition during this period, at least in the field of pure theorizing, but, for the reasons that we will attempt to explore, it did not have a significant impact in the working out of economic dynamics in the post-war period.


We live in a world undergoing a 'second demographic transition', i.e. where fertility is dropping below the replacement level. This has alre ady happened in the West and East Asia, and will take place soon in Latin America and much of the rest of Asia. Under such circumstances, we might ask whether pronatalist rel igious literalists can increase their proportion of a (shrinking) population. This paper takes a look at three paradigm cases from each of the Abrahamic faiths: conservative Chr istianity, ultra-Orthodox Judaism and fundamentalist Islam. It asks whether demographic dynamics coupled with strong retention of children within the faith can lead to sufficient socio-demographic change so as to alter the course of politics within a society . The paper advances a theory that this dynamic of 'demographic radicalization' gains tract ion as societies modernize and fertility (and religiosity) becomes a matter of choice rather than habit. This paper summarizes existing work, then analyzes data from the general Social Survey 1972-2006, European Social Survey 2004, World Values Survey of 1999-2000, supplemented by the Youth, Emotional Energy, and Political Violence survey of 2005 in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. It deploys multivariate analysis on fertility and cons ervative religiosity, as well as cohortcomponent demographic projections to make its case that demographic radicalization is an emerging reality on the world stage.


This paper discusses the linear primitive factorization to a loop product of the automaton defining function f . Under this factorization function f is factorized as the loop product of a linear out function divisor f L and a linear primitive inner function divisor f N , where f L defines a linear weakly invertible finite automaton M f L and f N defines a nonlinear finite automaton M f N and f N can not be factorized as a loop product of a nontrivial linear out function and a nonlinear inner function. The paper proves that any two linear primitive inner function divisors of function f are a linear primitive inner function divisor of each other. So the factorization to a loop product given by the paper has uniqueness. Also this paper proves the linear primitive factorization to loop product of function f can more reduce the complexity for finding a weak inverse of M f which is defined by function f than the factorization to a loop product relative to (t 0, T) (DAI et al , Communications Security, No.2,1996, 45 51). This can be effectively applied to the cryptanalysis on the finite automaton key cryptosystems.


Over the years, the Journal has received manuscripts that can best be described as falling into the category of "a blood test to predict the future." These are manuscripts most often submitted by younger colleagues who are trying to build their investigational credentials. Surgery and particularly cardiothoracic surgery have a long tradition of proposing the use of a blood test to "predict patient outcome and the occurrence of postoperative complications" to quote from a recent manuscript. After all, surgery is often a predictable event with a well-defined start and end, and particularly in the realm of cardiothoracic surgery a well-defined conduct of operation. It appears, therefore, worthwhile to spend a moment to look at the requirements for what such a test may look like. It may seem intuitive that the sum of the probabilities of all post-op complications should equal 100%. It follows that a single complication can be derived from a complex array of symptoms and derangements. However, applying this principle of a single cause (often referred to as Occam's razor)1 to a complex set of circumstances discounts the possibility ofmore than one thing going on. Yet, it is so attractive to surgeons because the one event they know is when surgery took place. Surgeons like studies along a classic and well-established pathway where several biomarkers are chosen and assayed sometimes before, during, or shortly after surgery. Then an outcome is observed and subsequently it is investigated if there is a difference in the chosen biomarkers for that particular outcome. It may be helpful to review the term "biomarker." The term was first accepted by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1989.2 To quote from Circulation where a statement from the Center of Disease Control and Prevention and theAmericanHeart Associationwaspublished in 2003: Biomarkers are measurable and quantifiable biological parameters that can have an important impact on clinical situations. Ideal biomarkers are those that are associatedwith disease, clinical end points in observational studies, and clinical trials, and in some cases, they may even be used as surrogate end points. Biomarkers must also be both independent of established risk factors and recognized to be a factor in the disease for which they are a marker. The normal physiological expression of the potential biomarker must also be known to interpret results, as well as to generalize results to various population groups. Finally, potential biomarkers must also have the ability to improve overall prediction beyond that of traditional risk factors, while assays to detect them must have an acceptable cost and be subject to standardization to control for the variability of measurements."3 The definition was further refined over the years.4 There are some other factors that also deserve consideration. A test should only be done if its result will affect management. When the disease pretest probability is above a certain threshold, treatment is warranted and testing is not indicated. Below the treatment threshold, testing is indicated only when a positive test result would raise the posttest probability above the treatment threshold. When the diagnosis has some uncertainty or depends on a test with some uncertainty as it is almost always the case, the decision to treatmust balance the benefit to treat a sick patient versus erroneously treating a well patient and doing some harm, even if this just means spending unnecessary money. So, what does that mean if "disease" or complication is dependent on one test? The most common medical tests provide results along a continuous quantitative scale, but clinicians use them by classifying at test positive or negative basedonsomeestablishedcriterionorcutoff. Cutoffsarebased on some statistical and conceptual analysis that attempts to balance the rate of false positive results against false negative results. Identifying cutoffs also requires a gold standard. The other underlying concept is that patients with and without disease/complications have two different mean test values. This implicitly implies that there is an overlap of results. Thus, the establishment of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves where true positives are plotted against false positives which allows for different cutoffs is helpful. The greater the area under the curve, thebetter the test is able to discriminate. Inmodern cardiac surgery, most procedures carry a mortality of < 2% and a morbidity of around 5%, that is, events are rare. Most patients stay 5 days in the hospital. Therefore, construction of reliable cutoff points takes thousands of patients. This is often complicated by the fact that the investigator wants to obtain the test after surgery and predict


Results of structural investigations in Sargur schist complex around Sargur, Dodkanya and Gundlupet indicate four major fold episodes and associated fault movements. These episodes have resulted in the formation of antiform-synform structures(F 2 ), extensive interleaving and dome-basin patterns (F 2 and F 3 ). Tectono-metamorphic studies have brought out the polymetamorphic (with late retrogressive) and polydeformational nature of the terrain. At least two migmatization events and (anatectic) granitic intrusions (associated with F 2 and F 3 ) have been recognised. A classification of gneisses of the area has been made and reasons and criteria for the recognition of 'Kabini gneiss' are given. The tectonic relations between the Sargurs, Dharwars and 'Khondalite-Char- nockites', point to structural continuity of the Sargur terrain with the 'Khondalite-Charnockite' terrain to its south.


A case of primary aortoduodenal fistula caused by a very small aortic aneurysm is reported and the 22 primary aortoenteric fistulas in the Japanese literature were analyzed. The patient was a 75-year-old male with a previous history of gastrectomy. He was admitted to our hospital for massive hematemesis and melena. After admission, episodes of massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage and shock recurred. However neither repeated endoscopy nor abdominal angiography could reveal the sourse of bleeding. Explorative laparotomy was carried out, but no obvious bleeding source was identified and the remnant of stomach was resected. Postoperatively, the episodes of gastrointestinal hemorrhage continued and he died on the 9th postoperative day. At autopsy, a saccular aortic aneurysm measuring 1.0 × 0.8 cm just proximal to the orfice of the inferior mesenteric artery was found. This aneurysm perforated into the third portion of the duodenum and formed an aortoduodenal fistula. Histologically, it was considered an atherosclerotic aneurysm. In the Japanese literature, 22 cases of primary aortoenteric fistula are reported. However there were no patients with a small aortic aneurysm as in our case.


in the power transmission equipment,insulator is an important outer insulator part.It is used in electric insulator and machine fixedness.Composite insulator owns some advantages,such as: lighter weight,easy maintenance,etc.It is widely used in high voltage power transmission.In order to understand the insulator characters,this paper uses finite element method to analysis its electric field distribution,based on acquaint the insulator structure characteristic of 220kV composite insulator.First mathematics model of composite insulator is constituted.Then the ANSYS soft is used to calculate it.In the end,some calculated results are analyzed.Some conclusions are got.In this kind of insulator,the most uneven electric strengthen lies in two sharp ends of insulator,as same as it is easiest to appear part-discharge.This conclusion has practical instructional meaning to the usage of this insulator.The analysis method using in this paper can be widely applied in more complicated condition of various insulator's electric field analysis.


A boundary element method is applied for the numerical solution of a boundary value problem for a two-dimensional steady-state bioheat transfer model of the human eye. The human eye is modeled as comprising four distinct homogeneous regions. The boundary condition on the outer surface of the cornea is non-linear due to heat radiation. An iterative approach is used to treat the non-linear heat radiation term. The center corneal temperature is computed numerically and compared with values reported in the literature. It appears that the boundary element method calculates the normal heat flux more accurately than the finite element method on the corneal surface, especially near its edges. * Author for correspondence (W. T. Ang) E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com http://www.ntu.edu.sg/home/mwtang/ Accepted for publication in Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements (status as on 3 October 2006). When the article is in press online, more details may be obtained by clicking: http://doi.dx.org/10.1016/j.enganabound.2006.09.011


A cheap tourism airplane ADAHRS unit is developed by fusing magnetometers, rate gyros and accelerometers (MEMS technology). The rigid body orientation is modeled with quaternion, which eliminates attitude estimation singularities. The real-time implementation is done unifying a quaternion formulation of Wahba's problem with a multiplicative extended Kalman filter. It includes the gyro bias model. A quaternion measurement model is introduced. It avoids the linearization step that induces undesirable effects. Accelerometers detect gravitational acceleration and centrifugal forces, resulting in incorrect attitude estimation (e.g. false horizon and subjective vertical). Therefore, some pressure sensors are added, resulting in a robust solution. The real-time implementation uses a PCMCIA data acquisition card and a TabletPC. Simulated and real data validate the ADAHRS


Recent advance in computer science and electronics has greatly expanded the capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in both military and civil applications, such as moving ground object tracking. Due to the uncertainties of the application environments and objects motion, it is difficult to maintain the tracked object always within the sensor coverage area by using a single UAV. Hence, it is necessary to deploy a group of UAVs to improve the robustness of the tracking. In this paper, we investigate the problem of tracking ground moving object from a group of UAVs using body-fixed sensors under flight dynamical and collision-free constraints. The optimal cooperative tracking path planning problem is solved using an evolutionary optimization technique based on the framework of chemical reaction optimization (CRO). The efficiency of the proposed was demonstrated through a series of comparative simulations. Experimental results show that the cooperative flyable paths determined by the new method allow for longer sensor coverage time under flight dynamical and safety conditions.


Pot and field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of Bio-organic-inorganic compound fertilize on the growth,yield,and quality of flue-cured tobacco.The results showed as follows:compared to the contrast of common fertilizer that contains the same NPK quantity,in disposal AA,AB,and AB,the plant heights were more 11.2-11.4 cm,the maximum leaf area was more 51.71-146.02 cm2,and the number of leaves were more 1.2-3.4,the content of chlorophyll and activity of roots were speeded in the previous period,and fell more quickly in the latter period,especially in disposal AB.In the mature period,the shoot dry matter weights increased by 16.96%,22.38%,19.44%,K content was added by 11.05%,12.27% and 7.36%.The N content declined a little,Schmuck number and sugar/nicotine were more harmonious.In the field,The field experiments keeps the same with test result trend cultivated in a pot.


As square tube type protective device as the object, selected on the basis of the results of the simulation test, design the crossbar and arm structure plan of the six groups of different wall thickness. Through bus rear-ended dangerous goods transport vehicle simulation test way, analyzes the deformation and energy absorption about the bus and six groups of protective device which has different wall thickness. Research results show that the main energy absorption part of square tube type protective device is the arm structure. The optimal design scheme is when the wall thickness of the arm is 4 mm and the wall thickness of the crossbar is 3 mm.


A new methods for error-correcting codes in robot communications for detecting bearing tube in boiler is described. BCH codes is adopted as a error-correcting codes according to the 8 bit controller's feature, and the structure of BCH codes is introduced. The encoding and decoding of BCH codes is realized by searching table. The table of error-correcting codes and syndrome and information codes are built off line and stored in the controller, thus the complicated encoding and decoding in communications is completed by fast searching tables, and the capability of real time communications is improved greatly. All error codes whose error bits are less than 3 can be detected and corrected. For the more, binary search or index search is used in order to enhance the efficiency of the search.


with gabbro margins and syenite in its centre. This dyke could be followed over at least 25 km and occurs north of Geologfjeld where A. Weidick aiready noted its presence (see Eme1eus & Harry, 1970, p. 16), and on G. F. Holm Nunatak. Finally, observations on the great Gardar swarm around Narssarssuaq and Qagssiarssuk showed that in the densest parts ofthe swarm the dykes take up to 16% of the space perpendicular to their trend.


The IEEE 802.11b wireless ethernet standart has several serious security flaws. This paper describes this flaws, surveys wireless networks in the Cologne/Bonn area to get an assessment of the security configurations of fielded networks and analizes the legal protections provided to wireless ethernet operators by german law. We conclude that wireless ethernets without additional security measures are not usable for any transmissions which are not meant for a public audience.


Most of the classical methods for degraded document binarization are based on the pixel gray level intensity or on simple pixel neighborhood information such as mean or variance to compute the binarization threshold. Moreover, these information are extracted from the spatial domain of the document image which are not very discriminative. In this paper, we propose to estimate texture information based on Gabor filters for ancient degraded documents. First, the dominant slant angle of the document image script is computed by using the Fourier transform. Then, this dominant angle is used within a weighted sum of angles in a Gabor filter bank in order to capture more efficiently the document image foreground (text). This information, combined with the variance and the mean extracted respectively from spatial and frequency domains are used for estimating the binarization threshold. Three variants are used for evaluating the performance of Gabor filter bank, which are based on Niblack's, Sauvola's, and Wolf's thresholds. Experimental results conducted on DIBCO Datasets show that the proposed method is more appropriate for poor contrasted documents and ink-bleed through degradations.


A series of behaviors of learning process among inter-organizational network can be classified in- to knowledge sharing,knowledge absorbing and knowledge innovating.The main bodies of innovation can be em- bodied via three dimensions such as individual,organization and inter-organization.Knowledge innovating a- mong the inter-organizations is composed of above three.


The aim of this paper is to develop a new general Euler-Bernoulli model of clamped Nano-beam taking into account the small scale effects, which is ignored in classical theories. In order to correct previous models and establishing a model based on the fact that many issues will be included, it is assumed the substrate electrode is shorter than the movable electrode. In this model, the non-classical modified couple stress theory is used to investigating of effects of position and length of substrate electrode, electrostatic forces, intermolecular forces, capillary force, size effect and surface effects. Governing equations of clamped nano-beam motion and the corresponding boundary conditions are derived by using Hamilton's principle. Considering von-Karman strain, non-linear equations of mid-plain stretching are added to governing equations. Numerical finite element method is utilized to solve the non-linear governing equations. In order to investigate the accuracy of present method, the obtained results are compared with the results available in literature and found in very good agreement. The results demonstrate that the decrease of the substrate electrode length leads to the increase of the required pull-in voltage and the ultimate intermolecular forces and capillary force and decrease of pull-in deflection. Moreover, increasing of size effect and axial force parameters, decreases the pull-in voltage parameter. Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com


Objective:To observe the value of peripheral white blood cell(WBC)counting and classification in the early stage of intracerebral hemorrhage and its relationship with the prognosis of the patients.Methods:One hundred and two patients were classified into four groups according to the hematoma volume(25 ml or ≥25 ml),ventricular rupture and hematoma enlargement.The peripheral WBC counting and classification were performed within 24 hours from onset and the results were compared with those of the normal controls.Results:The mean peripheral WBC and neutrophil counts were significantly higher in the patients with intracerebral hemorrhage than that in the controls(P0.05 to P0.01);the mean lymphocyte count was significantly lower than the controls(P0.05 to P0.01);the mean peripheral WBC and neutrophil counts were significantly higher in the ventricular rupture group than in the hematoma volume25 ml group(P0.01).Conclusions:The peripheral WBC starts to increase in the early stage of intracerebral hemorrhage.The degree of leukocytosis is related to the size of the hematoma and ventricular rupture.It may predict poor outcome.


Automated people movers (APM) code requirements within the Clark County (Las Vegas, NV) environment are continuing to evolve. New sections of the ASCE code have been adopted as have liability and responsibility requirements. While designed to implement new APM systems having greater public safety, their imposition has increased the cost threshold of new APM development which, in turn, has had a potential impact on their marketability beyond the marketplace of Las Vegas. This paper further explores likely future code requirements within the Clark County jurisdiction.


To compare the genetic diversity of rice landraces in different periods polymorphism,genetic similarity and cluster analyses were conducted with 148 rice landraces by using 48 SSR markers.The materials included 72 landraces collected during the 1970s(past-grown landraces) and 76 grown during the past decade(current-grown landraces) in Hani′s terraced fields in Yuanyang County,Yunnan Province.The results showed that the differences between the two periods in all indices,including average number of alleles,effective number of alleles,locus polymorphism information content and genotype diversity were not significant.Furthermore,52 alleles of 24 SSR markers differed between the past-grown and the current-grown landraces,among which 32 alleles of 18 SSR markers were not detected in the current-grown landraces and 20 alleles of 16 SSR markers were not detected in the past-grown landraces.The average genetic similarity coefficient of the current-grown landraces was 0.3340,and that of the past-grown landraces was 0.3313.The current-grown and past-grown landraces were divided into japonica and indica subspecies at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.174 and 0.203,respectively.These results indicated that for more than 30 years′ natural and artificial selection,there were variations in some of the allele locus of the rice landraces from Hani′s terraced fields with high genetic diversity.In addition,the indica-japonica subspecies differentiation was obvious in the landraces from Hani′s terraced fields in Yuanyang,and the differentiation seemed to be ongoing,indicating that Hani′s terraced fields and the rice landraces might be ideal tested field and materials for the study of indica-japonica subspecies evolution.


We present a RapidMiner extension for OpenML, an open science platform for sharing machine learning datasets, algorithms and experiments. In order to share machine learning experiments as easily as possible, it is being integrated into various popular data mining and machine learning tools, including RapidMiner. Through this plugin, data can be downloaded, and workflows and results uploaded to the OpenML website, where they can be searched, aggregated and reused.


Provided are a transparent polyester/polycarbonate copolymer resin composition having improved thermal stability, chemical resistance and process stability and having excellent in transparency, and an extrusion blow molded product prepared from the composition. The polyester/polycarbonate copolymer resin composition comprises 100 parts by weight of a mixture resin which comprises 1-99 wt% of a polyester copolymer resin and 1-99 wt% of a polycarbonate resin; and 0.01-20 parts by weight of a stearic acid-based compound. Preferably the polycarbonate resin has a viscosity molecular weight of 20,000-30,000; and the stearic acid-based compound is stearic acid, zinc stearate, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium stearate, aluminum stearate, barium stearate, or their mixture.


We read with great interest the article by van den Hoogen et al 1 describing galectin-9 (Gal-9) as a novel, easy-to-measure biomarker for the interferon (IFN) signature in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). We support the views expressed by the authors that IFN signature is an important biomarker in disease activity in SLE and there is certainly a need for easier to measure biomarkers for IFN signature, but to suggest that Gal-9 could aid in clinical decision making in steering anti-IFN therapy seems premature. We know that the common …


The aim of the work was to check the attitude of young adults and seniors towards each other and how they perceive their own groups.The study involved 54 people, 27 young adults and 27 seniors. Age of respondents: young adults 20-30 years old (M=22.41; SD=2.39), seniors: 60-79 years old (M=67.48; SD=4.77). The questionnaire survey method was used. The disposable optimism was measured using the Life Orientation Test - LOT -R. In order to measure how people characterise themselves and describe others, two authors' questionnaires were created, in which the respondents answered 32 positions in each test. In the first one, it was necessary to refer to the description of self characterisation, and in the second one to the description of other people. In this case, young people were supposed to describe the senior group, while seniors - the young generation.
Based on the results of the research on the description of seniority by young people and young people by seniors, it appears that the senior group evaluates young adults higher than young adults evaluate seniors. Young adults rate themselves higher than seniors. On the other hand, young adults havinggrandparents and having good contact with them rated seniors higher.


Mixtures of a properly chosen oil (poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) or hydrocarbon) and hydrophobic particles (e.g., hydrophobized silica) have a strong deteriorating effect on foam stability, even when introduced in a very low concentration. These mixtures are widely used for foam control and are commonly termed antifoam compounds. In the present study, we check experimentally how the antifoam efficiency depends on the hydrophobicity of the solid particles. For this purpose, we prepare antifoam compounds by mixing silicone oil (PDMS) and hydrophilic silica at room temperature. The mild stirring of this mixture leads to a gradual PDMS adsorption on the silica surface, making it more hydrophobic. This process is very slow at room temperature and takes weeks before reaching the final, most hydrophobic state of the particles. Thus, we are able to check how the antifoam activity changes along the process of silica hydrophobization. Solutions of three surfactants (one ionic and two nonionic) are used as foaming m...


Abstract: Butterfly diversity and abundance depend on the diversity of foraging resources and nectar characteristics.  Several wild plants of the family Asteraceae often considered as weeds, are important nectar sources for butterflies.  The present communication reports Cirsium wallichii as a key nectar source for a large number of butterfly species during the summer season in Benog Wildlife Sanctuary, Mussoorie, western Himalaya.  Of the total recorded species of butterflies (62), a maximum species (22) belongs to the Nymphalidae family followed by Hesperiidae (13), and Lycaenidae (11) that visits C. wallichii.  Therefore, it is suggested that Cirsium wallichii has an important role in sustaining butterfly diversity.

Keywords: Mussoorie, Lepidoptera, .


This experiment investigates the influence of processing level on the extent of Cue Overload (Watkins and Watkins, 1975, 1976) produced by semantically similar or dissimilar interpolated material. The results showed that semantically similar material only led to increased cue overload if it, itself, was processed semantically. Non-semantic processing of the same types of material failed to reveal any difference between conditions. The results are seen as supportive of the Levels of Processing approach to memory research, since they reinforce the view that different types of orienting task result in qualitative differences in the nature of processing itself. Additionally the results provide some information about the locus of cue overload effects.


Abstract This study aims to add to the mapping of the presence of ocean sciences issues in national curricula and textbooks worldwide, investigating the inclusion of ocean literacy principles and their fundamental concepts in Greek primary science textbooks according to the Ocean Literacy Framework. Content analysis was implemented in both textual and pictorial material. The textbook analysis revealed that although all Ocean Literacy Principles are presented to some extent in the textbooks under study, most of their supporting fundamental concepts are absent for most of the principles. Only principles 1 and 6 are well represented, while principles 4 and 7 show the weakest appearance. The alignment of the principles and concepts in the textbooks with the Scope and Sequence of the Ocean Literacy Framework showed an apparent inconsistency, revealing that they are partially represented and superficially introduced. The implications of this study add to this mapping and aim to help curriculum designers and marine educators worldwide to cooperate for the inclusion of ocean literacy topics into the curricula which will potentially lead to students' improved knowledge about the marine environment and the enhancement of their ocean literacy and responsible environmental behavior concerning ocean conservation.


In order to evaluate mission reliability of missile defense system(MDS),the definition of mission reliability for MDS is given.The phase-Bayesian networks(phase-BN) reliability model is built.Then,the phase-BN composes to phased mission system Bayesian networks(PMS-BN) and calculation methods are discussed.The solution accuracy and calculation complexity are analyzed by comparing the solution with Markov model and Fault Tree.


LED (Light Emitting Diode) has many advantages in the intensity, wavelength, practicality and price, so it is feasible to apply in biomedicine engineering. A system for the research on the effect of highlight LED arrays to human organization is designed. The temperature of skin surface can rise if skin and organization are in irradiation by highlight LED arrays. The metabolism and blood circulation of corresponding position will be quicker than those not in the shine, so the surface temperature will vary in different position of skin. The structure of LED source arrays system is presented and a measure system for studying LED's influence on human organization is designed. The temperature values of shining point are detected by infrared temperature detector. Temperature change is different according to LED parameters, such as the number, irradiation time and luminous intensity of LED. Experimental device is designed as an LED arrays pen. The LED arrays device is used to shine the points of human body, then it may effect on personal organization as well as the acupuncture. The system is applied in curing a certain skin disease, such as age pigment, skin cancer and fleck.


The United States' recognition of Israeli sovereignty over the Syrian Golan has been widely considered a flagrant breach of international law. This illegal act gives reason to examine the relationship between the United States under President Trump and international law more generally. Unlike its predecessors, the Trump administration has not just violated international law whenever U.S. economic, political, or strategic interests demanded it to do so, it has rather challenged international law and its institutions as such, and has actively undermined them. The attitude of the Trump administration towards international law and its institutions is marked by an unparalleled contempt or disdain. This article delivers a powerful "J'accuse" against this international law nihilism.


1. A Wounded Healer: From Client to Counsellor, Heather Goodare, National Association of Cancer Counsellors. 2. Palliative Care Counselling: Emotional and Psychological Support from Diagnosis to Death, Kate Kirk, Salford Palliative Care Counselling Service and Maria Lever, Salford Palliative Care Counselling Service. 3. Somatisation of Childhood Sexual Abuse in General Practice, Sue Santi-Ireson, GP Counsellor, Personal Relationship and Groupwork Division, British Association for Counselling. 4. Working as a Counsellor in an NHS Multi-disciplinary Team, Julia Segal, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust. 5. Counselling Children and their Families in Intensive Care, Penny Cook, paediatric nurse and Family Liaision Sister, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge. 6. 'Awkward' Clients and 'Awkward' Topics: Young People and Sexual Health, Caroline Stedman, Counsellor, Brook Advisory Clinic. 7. Counselling People Living with HIV/AIDS, Pete Connor, University of Bristol and Terrence Higgins Trust West, Independent Supervisor and Counsellor. 8. Working with People with Fertility Problems, Gill Woodbridge, Counsellor, Private Practice and NHS settings. 9. Riding the Roller-coaster: A Personal Account of being Counselled about Fertility, Anonymous Couple. 10. Cut, Burn and Poison: A Personal Account of Breast Cancer, Rosie Jeffries, Student Counsellor, University of the West of England. 11. Integrating Counselling within the Mental Health Services, Karl Gregory, Bristol University and East Gloucestershire NHS Trust. 12. Challenges of Counselling in Psychiatric Settings, Rachel Freeth, Psychiatrist, Person-Cented Counsellor. 13. Issues for Counsellors Working in Health Settings, Kim Etherington, University of Bristol. References. Index.


An embedded system is a specialised computer system that is application-oriented, which has strict requirements on functionality, reliability, production cost, size, and power consumption, and offers hardware and software customisability. For the uniformity of the ARM embedded system structure and the universality of the peripheral circuit, the design principle of the minimum system with the ARM core embedded is almost similar to its design method. Taking the MC9328MX1 chip as an example, this paper describes the common methods of designing the memory interface circuit, power supply circuit, serial interface circuit, JTAG interface circuit, crystal oscillator circuit, and reset circuit of an embedded microprocessor minimum system in detail.


H040 A Structural Framework Model of the Bruce Field Northern North Sea for Remaining Volumes and Associated Uncertainty S.R. Ogilvie* (BP) K. Hepworth (BP) T. Nash (BP) R. Trythall (BP) J. Brodie (BP) & A. Brown (BP) SUMMARY Good quality (ocean bottom cable) seismic imaging of the Bruce Field reservoir has formed the basis of a detailed structural framework model. Representing the complex structure has been particularly challenging. The workflow presented here has resulted in a clean fit-for-purpose grid for accurate in-place hydrocarbons calculation and a thorough understanding of the range of associated static uncertainty. EAGE 69 th Conference &


The present invention provides an ink jet recording apparatus. It includes a belt conveying portion, a recording portion, an end portion of the position detection sensor, and a rotation drive member background portion. The transport belt having a belt conveying unit conveying the recording medium. Recording the belt conveying unit disposed opposite portions, and toward the recording medium conveyed by the belt conveyance unit to discharge the ink. End position detecting sensor with respect to the belt conveying unit is disposed on the upstream side of the recording medium conveyance direction, the end position of the recording medium in the width direction intersecting with the conveying direction of the recording medium by detecting the reflected light of the recording medium. BACKGROUND detecting member and the end face opposite the position detecting sensor is arranged, can be rotated about an axis extending along the width direction of the recording medium. BACKGROUND rotational driving section rotating member. Background of the detection member and the end face position detection sensor having at least a region facing the outer circumferential surface of a divided manner in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral surface is formed with mutually different two or more color regions.


This research is aimed to reveal whether: (1) PLEASE Strategy is more effective than Guided Writing Strategy to teach writing; (2) The students with high linguistic intelligence have better writing skill than those having low linguistic intelligence; and (3) There is an interaction between teaching strategies and students' linguistic intelligence.This experimental research was conducted at the eleventh grade of SMA Negeri 1 Ngemplak in the academic year of 2015/2016. From nine classes, the researcher took two classes as the sample, namely experimental class which was taught by using PLEASE Strategy and control class which was taught by using Guided Writing Strategy. To find out the sample, a cluster random sampling was implemented. Each class was divided into two groups of which each consisted of students who have high linguistic intelligence and those who have low linguistic intelligence. To gain the data, two instruments were used. Those were writing test to find out the score of students' writing skill and verbal-linguistic intelligence test to find out the score of students' linguistic intelligence. The data were, then, analyzed by using Multifactor Analysis of Variance ANOVA 2x2 and Tukey Test. Before conducting the ANOVA test, pre-requisite test such normality and homogeneity test were conducted.There are some research findings which can be taken: (1) PLEASE Strategy is more effective than Guided Writing Strategy to teach writing; (2) The students with high linguistic intelligence have better writing skill than those having low linguistic intelligence; and (3) There is an interaction between teaching strategies and students' linguistic intelligence in teaching writing.Based on the results of this research, it implies that PLEASE Strategy is an effective strategy in teaching writing to the eleventh grade of SMA Negeri 1 Ngemplak. However, to support the using of PLEASE Strategy which focuses on mnemonic device in process of writing, a teacher is recommended to combine this strategy with any teaching tools and media, so it will make an interesting atmosphere during the process of teaching writing in the classroom.Keywords: PLEASE Strategy, Guided Writing Strategy, writing skill, linguistic intelligence, experimental study


the assessment of the density and cover of very scarce vegetation in dry habitats may create methodological problems. the variable area transect method (Vat) is a potential labour-saving sampling method and an alternative to plot (quadrate) method. It allows for density estimation without the time-consuming studies associated with other plot-less density estimators. we used the method in a natural shrubland of saxaul (Haloxylon ammodenderon C.a.M) to define optimum parameters include transect width and individual's number to which, distance is measured. three transect widths were chosen, 10-m, 15-m and 20-m and distances to the 3rd, 4th and 5th individual. transect width affected the estimation, a 20-m width transect had the least relative bias (–0.5%), and a 10-m width sampling had the greatest bias (–20%). However, all methods underestimated the plant density. the most accurate estimation was with the 3rd plant distance and 20-m transect. as the Vat method is more efficient per unit effort in the field than the quadrate methods, it can be recommended for rapid assessment of desert communities density (like saxaul) especially when plants are dispersed at random. KeY worDs: density estimation, distance sampling, variable area transect, plot-less methods there are two main sampling methods used in plant ecology: plot methods and plot-less methods. In plot methods there is a plot with defined shape (like quadrate) and all plants are measured in it. In plot-less methods the idea is to measure distances, either from a random location to r-th nearest plant or from a plant to its nearest neighbour (Picard and Bar-Hen 2007). according to these data an estimation of the density may thus be derived. sampling with quadrates is commonly time-consuming and difficult to apply (Mark and essler 1970, Nath et al. 2009) especially in case of plant species scarcely dispersed (thomas et al. 2002). the best sampling technique should provide accurate and representative information about a population. It should be geometrically compact and require the least amount of field effort (s cott and Gove 2002). the fixed area quadrates have been used traditionally for vegetation sampling. However other shapes for fixed area plots such as circular plots (smaller than 1000 m2 area) or rectangular plot (for greater than 1200 m2 area) are used in forest sampling (z obeir i 1994). More recently variable area plots and transects were also introduced as a means to collect relatively fixed amounts of field data irrespective of the local habitat density (Nath et al. 2009). Variable area transect (Vat) is a combination of distance and quadrate


Objective To explore the brain regions participating in the process of language switching by intraoperative direct cortical electrical stimulation in 2 Chinese-English bilingual glioma patients. Methods Two bilingual patients with low-grade glioma in left frontal lobe were operated on and received brain mappings for Chinese,English and switching between the two kinds of languages under anesthesia with waking state. Tumor resection was performed according to individual functional boundaries. Preoperative and postoperative language functions were evaluated. Results The Broca area was located in both patients,which were shared by the two languages. However,the oral naming sites were separate corresponding to each language. The sites for language switching were spotted in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and corresponding special subcortical tracts were found in the subcortex. Stimulations to the caudate head revealed the difficulty of language switching. Enhanced MRI showed total resection in both the patients. One patient presented with weakened language fluency immediately after the operation,and the other had reduction of spontaneous speech ability; both of them fully recovered after three months. Conclusion There are structures responsible for language switching in the brain,thus each single language and language switching should be monitored when bilingual patients receive the surgery for localization of eloquent brain area of language.


Introduction: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and especially in Indonesia. Several studies showed the pleiotropic and neuroprotective effect of simvastatin in addition to lowering blood cholesterol levels. Objective: This trial was conducted to investigate if the administration of simvastatin in acute ischemic stroke management can improve functional outcomes. Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of simvastatin was conducted in patients with acute ischemic stroke with an NIHSS score of 4-14. Participants were randomly assigned to receive 40 mg of simvastatin or placebo for seven days. The NIHSS scale was compared on admission day, 4th and 8th day after administration of simvastatin between the two groups. Results: 52 individuals were randomized: 28 to simvastatin and 24 to placebo. There was no significant improvement of functional outcome between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Administration of simvastatin had no significant effect on outcome (measured by NIHSS) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.


The invention relates to a solid and liquid conductor contact resistance measuring method. The method of measuring contact resistance Rab between two solid conductors and a liquid conductor comprises the following steps: firstly fixing a pair of solid conductors (1,2) at two ends in a rectangular groove which is made of insulating materials, wherein the distance between the two solid conductors (1,2) is L1; injecting the liquid conductor with the height of H, wherein the liquid conductor with the volume of A is arranged between the two solid conductors; measuring resistance Rab1 between the two solid conductors; then converting the distance between the two solid conductors (1,2) into L2, wherein L2<L1, the liquid conductor with the volume of B is between the two solid conductors, wherein B<A; measuring resistance Rab2 between two solid conductors, changing the positions of the two solid conductors (1,2) again, so that the distance between the two solid conductors (1,2) is L3, wherein L3=L1-L2, the liquid conductor with the volume of C is between the two solid conductors, wherein C=A-B; measuring resistance Rab3 between two solid conductors; and finally eliminating all values of resistance except for contact resistance by means of the difference method, and obtaining the contact resistance Rab.


A three-dimensional calculation model of metro station structure and tunnels in soft soil is established;and their three-dimensional seismic responses are studied;and the unsubstantial parts of structures are determined;and the amplitude of inner forces caused by seismic waves are obtained;and the influence of tunnel on station structures is analyzed. Conclusions drawn from calculation results are as follows:(1) the section whose position is 1.5 times of width of station structure away from the end walls can be analyzed by the assumption of plane strain;(2) the disadvantageous parts of station structures include the above end of upper column,the conjoint part of sidewall and backplane,the mid-span of backplane and their conjuntion of front wall of station structure and tunnel;(3) seismic load has maximum effect on the moment of column;(4) the global aseismatic ability of front and behind walls of station structure will be weakened because of the existence of tunnel. The research results can provide references for seismic design of metro station structure and interzone tunnel.


PART I: ORGANIZATIONS AND MARKETS 1. Why make when you can buy? 2. The shifting boundaries of organizations PART II: BENEFITS AND COSTS 3. The benefits of contracting 4. The costs of contracting PART III: CONTRACTING STRATEGIES 5. Specialization 6. Value capture 7. Control and flexibility 8. Organizational change PART IV: STRUCTURAL CHANGE 9. Public sector contracting 10. Contracting and the service economy 11. The future of contracting 12. Conclusions Glossary 100 key business concepts associated with contracting, outsourcing, and strategy


Abstract Juárez-Reyes, A.S., Nevarez-Carrasco, G., Cerrillo-Soto, M.A., Murillo-Ortiz, M., Luginbuhl, J-M., Bernal-Barragán, H. and Ramírez, R.G. 2008. Dietary chemical composition, plasma metabolites and hormones in range goats. J. Appl. Anim. Res, 34: 81–86. The objective of this study was to determine the monthly chemical composition of the diet consumed by range goats and plasma concentrations of glucose, urea, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), luteinizing hormone (LH), growth hormone (GH), insulin and progesterone (P4) during lactation (January-June). Three esophageally-cannulated female goats and twelve intact female goats (38±1.7 kg BW) were used to obtain extrusa and blood samples, respectively. Body weight decreased (P<0.05) by 12.5% during the period from January to May, whereas, in June goats lost 250 g d−1. There was a fall in nutrient density during May and June. With the exception of progesterone (0.1–0.6 ng ml−1), LH (7.1–11.0), GH (22.8–30) and insulin (0.6–1.8) increased (P<0.05) as lactation period progressed. It is concluded that plasma metabolite concentrations suggested that an energy supplementation schedule might be necessary during the early lactation period of goats. In addition, if harsh climatic conditions appear at the end of lactation, an increment of 70% in their energy maintenance requirements might be considered to avoid weight losses and to improve body condition of goats prior to breeding season.


During the breeding season, both adults and immature Eurasian Oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus osculans) were observed to feed on prey, such as gastropods (Umbonium thomasi) and bivalves, at the tide water line around Yubu island in Korea. To determine differences in the foraging efficiency between the adult and immature birds, we recorded the feeding behavior using digiscoping with a telescope and a smartphone. We compared the pace, the prey search rate, the proportion of prey search techniques, the feeding success rate, the handling time, and the heads-up rate between the adult and immature birds. There were significant differences in the proportion of prey search techniques when gastropods were consumed and in the prey search rate and heads-up rate when bivalves were consumed but there were no significant differences in feeding success rates. Therefore, although the immature birds on Yubu Island were inferior to adults during the breeding season and they lacked the proficiency to locate prey, their overall foraging efficiency was similar to adults. This was considered to be due to the continuous eating of bivalves during the wintering season, which requires a high level of foraging efficiency.


Abstract. In this study aims to determine the influence of institutional ownership structures and leverage on accounting conservatism. The method of research used is the method of researching a verifiable study with a quantitative approach. The population selected in this study was 46 transportation services company in Indonesia Stock exchange for 3 years in 2016-2018 by using purposive sampling method, so obtained 16 companies samples that meet the criteria or gained 48 observations (firm year). The techniques used in hypothesis testing are multiple regression and data processing using SPSS version 2.4. The results of this study show that the institutional ownership structure has an influential negative impact on the accounting conservatism while the leverage has no effect on the accountancy's conservatism. For further research purposes it is advisable to use and use other factors that are suspected to affect accounting conservatism, such as company size and financial distress. Keywords: institutional ownership, Leverage, accounting conservatism. Abstrak. Dalamopenelitianoiniobertujuanountuk mengetahui pengaruh struktur kepemilikan institusional dan leverage terhadap konservatismeoakuntansi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaituometodeopenelitanoverifikatifodengan pendekatan kuantitatif.. Populasioyangodipilihopadaopenelitianoinioyaituo46 perusahaan jasaotransportasiodioBursaoEfekoIndonesiaoselamao3 tahun pada tahuno2016-2018odenganomenggunakan metode purposive sampling , sehingga diperoleh sampel 16 perusahaan yang memenuhiokriteriaoatauodioperoleho48opengamatano ( firm year). Teknikoyangodigunakanopadaopengujianohipotesisoadalah regresi bergandaodanopengolahanodataomenggunakanoSPSS versi 2.4. Hasilopenelitianoiniomenunjukan ini menunjukkanobahwastruktur kepemilikan institusional berpengaruh negatif terhadap konservatismeoakuntansiosedangkanoleverageotidakoberpengaruh terhadapokonservatismeoakuntansi. Untukokepentingan penelitian selanjutnyaodisarankanountuk menggunakanodanomenggunakan faktor-faktorolainoyangodiduga akan mempengaruhi konservatisme akuntansi, osepertioukuranoperusahaanodano financial o distress . Kata Kunci: Kepemilikan Institusional, Leverage, Konservatisme Akuntansi


The recently observed variations of the transition temperature Tc with oxygen content in the Bi-based (2212) and (2223) superconductors are analyzed in terms of p+, the hole concentration per CuO2 sheet. This analysis shows that in this systems Tc increases with p+ initially, reaching maxima at p+= 0.2 N 0.3, followed by monotonic decrease of Tc with p+. The forms of these variations are similar to those observed in the La2-xSrxCuO4 and YBa2Cu3Oy systems, suggesting that p+ may be an important variable governing superconductivity in the cuprate superconductors. Among the cuprate high-Tc superconductors, La2-xSrxCuO4-5 is a prototype since the unit cell of this system contains only a single CuO2 sheet [1]. The hole concentration or excess valence p+ on the CuO2 sheet in an ionic 3+ r2x+(CuO2)-2+P+O25 is given by p+ x 2_i, charge lattice represented by La2.xS = meaning that p+ can be varied by varying either x or 5 [2,3]. With 5 = 0, Tc increases from 0 to 38 K as x increases from 0.06 to 0.15, Tc starts to decrease for x > 0.15 and superconductivity disappears for x > 0.27 [2,3]. This result indicates the existence of two superconducting states: a hole (carrier)-deficient state and hole (carrier)-excess state. For the hole-deficient state, Tc increases with holes concentration whereas for the hole-excess state, T c decreases as the hole concentration increases. For the (123) family of superconductors represented by YBa2Cu3Oy [4], superconductivity vanishes for stoichiometric composition y = 6.5 and for y > 6.5, Tc increases with y, reaching 93 K for y ~ 7.0. In this system, each unit cell contains two CuO2 sheets and a CuO chain. The question of where the excess holes resides leading to superconductivity has been studied by Tokura et al [5]. According to their analysis, the excess holes p given by p = (2y Q 6)/3 is distributed as Psh = (Y 6.5)/2, and Pch = (Y 6.5) with p = (2psh + Pch)/3. In the above, Q is the total cationic charge (excluding Cu), and Psh and Pc h respectively represent the excess holes in the CuO2 sheets and CuO chain. They further suggested that holes associated with chains, Pch, are localized and merely provide an insulating reservoir of charge whereas Psh is the principal variable governing superconductivity. If p+ represents hole concentration per CuO2 sheet, then p+ = Psh/2 for the (123) system. By doping with La and Ca, 55 https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19920012369 2019-06-15T07:15:24+00:00Z


A compelling vignette of the use of political influence for private gain in the expansion of the British empire is provided by the way King Thebaw' s legendary ruby mines in Upper Burma were acquired by British speculators in the late 1880s. The details of how the ruby-mine concession was awarded to a syndicate soon after Upper Burma was annexed to Britain in 1886 are not well known, although the concesion-mongering created a furore in the India Office and the House of Commons. There was even, at the time, a suggestion that the rubymine affair infleunced Lord Dufferin's decision to resign as Viceroy in 1888.


Therapists in the field of college mental health counseling commonly voice an ambivalent orientation towards the utilization of formal psychological diagnostic systems yet often use diagnostic terms. Knowledge of the current and emerging diagnostic systems may contribute to greater syntheses of these differing approaches. This article will first present and contrast the newly published Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5) with the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10, the system that that rest of the world has used for more than two decades and the United States will have to use in 2015) and the ICD-11 (which the rest of the world will use in 2015 and the United States will adopt a few years thereafter). This will be briefly followed by a comparison to the psychosocially-based Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, one of the currently available alternatives, and a presentation about an alternative diagnostic system being developed internationally, the Person-centered Integrative Diagnostic model. The discussion section of the article will focus on clinical utility versus possible current and long-term negative effects of college students receiving psychiatric diagnoses and the pros and cons of the current and emerging diagnostic systems.


Objective:To explore the influences suffer from the variors antipsychotic drugs in the schizophrenic patients'treatment.Methods: 200 schizophrenic patients under various antipsychotic drugs were tested by Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptics(SWN) Short Form.Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS).Treatment Emergent Symptoms Scal(TESS).Results: There is no distinguish among the team of Chlorpromazine.Clozapine and Haldol,and it is the same among the team of Trilafon.Sulpiride.Respidal and Aripiprazole(P0.05).But there is a significant distinguish between the former three teams and the latter four teams(P0.01),and with the dose of the drugs aised,the SWN score is lowered.Conclusion: The influences of subjective well-being on the schizophrenic patients are various from the kind of the antipsychotic drugs and its dose.


ABSTRACT Changes in the attitudes of. 1,950 initially rural. Pennsylvania individuals toward selected aspects of traditional morality were examined by comparing the expressed opinions of persons surveyed in 1947, when adolescent, with their responses in 1971, when in their early forties. In both 1947 and 1971 the subjects were asked to respond to an identical series of 12 Likert-type attitude items designed-to-mea-su-re-acceptance-ot-selecte-d-as_pects_of traddidomal morality. While each of the items focused on some aspect of traditional behavior, 5 items referred to young people or youth activities (loafing uptown, staying out late, failure in school, spending money, and using makeup). The remaining 7 items referred to adult or ageless behavior (irregular church attendance, divorce, drinking, smoking, card playing, Sunday movies, and Sabbath labor). Findings indicated that:. (1) in: general, respouses were more permissive with maturation, though therewas less liberalization of attitudes toward the behaviorof youth; (2) not all subjects became liberal with age; therefore, experience, rather than age per se, was the more probable explanation for attitude change; (3) of 9 social characteristics expected to influence, change, the 1 most consistently associated with lack of attitude chanje was frequency of church attendance, though there was some positive relationship to place of residence, educational and income levels, and sex. (JC)


This hybrid creative-critical chapter considers the work of American poet and scholar Charles Bernstein. The chapter is modelled formally on Walter Benjamin's The Arcades Project and its use of found text to construct a critical montage. Benjamin's influence on Bernstein can be dated to the late 1970s; the chapter begins with Bernstein's early interest in Benjamin, and then tracks that interest throughout his poetry and poetics. The chapter also includes a discussion of Bernstein's 2004 opera libretto Shadowtime, written for the music of English composer Brian Ferneyhough. This opera is based on Benjamin's life and work.


In 1887, following a badly managed game between Princeton and Yale, the constitution of the Intercollegiate Football Association is amended by a diverse committee under Camp's leadership comprising faculty, graduates, and students from multiple colleges. The revised constitution essentially transfers rule making to a committee of five alumni called the Graduate Advisory Committee (GAC). Camp is a member. The new GAC immediately moves American football to a new stage by expanding the allowable range of tackling on a runner's body (moving the lower limit from the waist to the knees) and instituting interference whereby players on offense can block ahead of the runner. Camp says that about this time, American players begin to realize the game they are playing is a distinctive new American game for which they need to take responsibility. Camp writes introductory articles for this new game in Outing and Harper's Weekly, which is soon followed by important new opportunities for him in newspaper and magazine writing.


Kansas Supreme Court Condemns Vertical Price Fixing Agreements as Per Se Illegal* Earlier this month, the Kansas Supreme Court ruled that the reasonableness of a vertical price fixing agreement…


This article discusses the challenges faced when studying a small social movement composed of intellectual and academic activists purporting to represent the marginalized group of Middle Eastern and North African Jews in Israel. It presents the methodological problems faced when studying academic activists who also produce much of the academic literature on the group they represent and considers the ethical dilemmas related to studying supposed elites in a conflict context.