A novel polymer resulting from the polycondensation of 2,2′-diamino-4,4′-bithiazole (DABT) with 5,5′-methylene-bis-salicylaldehyde (MBSA) and its ferric complex are described. Analyses of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that both bithiazole residue and Schiff-base moiety acted as coordination sites for Fe3+ ions in the polymeric matrix. The magnetic behavior of the complex was studied as a function of magnetic field strength (0–60 kOe) at 25 K and as a function of temperature (5–300 K) at a magnetic field strength of 30 kOe. The hysteretic loop was measured at 5 K for the complex showing coercivity (Hc) of 20 Oe and remnant magnetization (Mr) of 0.002 emu/g, which is much lower than those of bithiazole-based polymeric complexes previously reported. The results indicated that the present complex is of the typical characteristics of a soft ferromagnet. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Most of the patients with basal cell skin cancer are elderly and senile people, therefore, the use of radical and aggressive methods of treatment is impractical or impossible (concomitant somatic pathology, multiple lesions, localization of foci in hard-to-reach places). Thus, the development of conservative minimally invasive methods of therapy seems to be very promising.


A method for highly controllable etching of AlGaN/GaN for the fabrication of high sensitivity HEMT based sensors is developed. The process consists of cyclic oxidation of nitride with O 2 plasma using ICP-RIE etcher followed by wet etching of the oxidized layer. Previously reported cyclic oxidation-based GaN etching obtained very slow etching rate (~0.38 nm/cycle), limited by oxidation depth. The proposed approach allows fine control of the oxidation enabling the formation of accurately controlled recess of very thin (20~30 nm) barrier layers. With optimized power settings, etch rates from ~0.6 to ~11 nm/cycle were obtained. AFM results did not show any increase in surface roughness after etching, indicating that surface quality of the etched layer was not affected by the etching process.


This paper captures the aeroelastic behavior of adaptable bumps on morphing wings using trained neural networks. Parameters of the bump such as the height, size, location, and shape play a major aerodynamic and structural role. Though other issues such as wave drag minimization, boundary layer control are discussed, the primary problem addressed here is the generation of the lateral directional moment. The shape of the bump is optimized so that it produces maximum yaw moment with a minimum actuation energy spent in creating the adaptive bump. The analysis of fluid separation on the airfoil surface due to various types of bumps and its effects on the aerodynamic forces is performed using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENT TM . This analysis is performed at a low speed of Mach 0.3 and at a transonic speed of Mach 0.7. Structural analysis is performed using the finite element software ANSYS TM using a nonlinear beam model of the bump. In order to perform an aeroelastic analysis, the softwares FLUENT and ANSYS have to be interconnected so that the changing aerodynamic pressure with bump deformation is reflected in the structural analysis. Direct coupling of two such numerical codes, one based on CFD and the other based on finite element modeling (FEM), is computationally expensive. Hence, artificial neural networks are trained from these aerodynamic and structural analysis. Two neural networks are trained, one for the aerodynamic pressure and the other for the structural loads and strain energy. These two neural networks serve as an efficient decoupler, that facilitates an aeroelastic optimization procedure to evaluate the best bump shape for maximum drag for providing micro-yaw control while using the minimum actuation energy and minimizing the loss in the lift.


This paper expounds the significance of picture books reading,probes into the necessary for the public library to carry out picture book reading for children,and puts forward some corresponding measures for the public library to carry out picture book reading.


Rationale: Although the relaxation properties of sevoflurane (SEV) against exogenous constrictor agonists have been established, the potential of SEV to reverse the compromised lung mechanics and gas exchange following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has not been studied. Methods: Pulmonary input impedance (ZL) and the expiratory capnogram were measured in two groups of anaesthetized mechanically ventilated patients undergoing CPB. Measurements were made 5 min after weaning from CPB, and 5 min after SEV administrations at 1 MAC (Group S, n=56). A matched control group including patients with maintenance of iv anaesthesia (Group C, n=32) was also studied accordingly. The airway resistance (Raw), and tissue damping (G) and elastance (H) were obtained from the ZL spectra by model fitting. The third phase slope of the capnogram (S III ) and the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2 ) were also determined. Results: CPB induced marked increases in Raw in both groups (274±40[SE]% and 308±52% in Groups S and C, respectively, p III (18±6%, p 2 /FiO 2 ) increased (15±3%, p Conclusions: SEV reverses deteriorations in lung mechanics and oxygenation subsequent to CPB. Considering the cardioprotective properties of SEV, this additional beneficial pulmonary profile further advocates its use in patient with cardiac surgery involving CPB. Grant support: OTKA K81179, TAMOP 4.2.2.A-11/1/KONV-2012-0052.


Obesity is one of actual medico-social problems of modern society. Rapid growth of the persons suffering from excess mass of a body, defines relevance of this problem. Obesity leads to progressive injury of kidneys through a set of mechanisms. Use of early biomarkers of pathology of kidneys at obesity with an assessment of level of indicators of a lipid, carbohydrate exchange, insulin resistance, serum leptin and adiponectin are perspective for diagnostics of renal defeat at obesity in children.


The Laboratory for Applied Geology and Hydrogeology of Ghent University is executing a project commissioned by the Ministry of the Flemish Community, concerning the spread of nitrates in the groundwater of Flanders. The distribution of nitrate is studied as a function of the aquifer characteristics. The project will lead to the development of a nitrate specific model that will be used by the Ministry for policy development and as a management toot to calculate nitrate distribution in groundwater, starting from an input nitrate concentration at the water table. The results of the project will contribute to a better foundation for the definition of "nitrate-vulnerable zones" as a function of aquifer characteristics in general, and more specifically, advective transport velocity and nitrate reduction capacity.


The invention discloses an integrally curved surface-shaped pier anti-collision floating type casing box. The pier anti-collision floating type casing box is obtained by splicing and enclosing a plurality of independently sealed box bodies with elliptic sections through joints; the box bodies are made of sandwich plates; and the sandwich plates are obtained by using polyurethane as sandwich layers and steel plates as panels. The pier anti-collision floating type casing box is integrally curved surface-shaped and sleeved on a pier like a rubber kayak or a life buoy; the sections of the box bodies can be also designed in elliptic or circular shapes according to the size of a ship; the casing box totally has better elastic performance; a ship bow is easy to shift to change the direction when impact kinetic energy is absorbed; and a horizontal collision force is decomposed, so that energy is exchanged among the ship, the anti-collision casing box and the pier and a protective effect on each party is achieved. As the box bodies are manufactured by using the sandwich plates with stronger anti-impact capacities, stiffening structures can be not arranged or less stiffening structures can be arranged; therefore, defects that a large amount of stiffening plates and brackets must be arranged in a common buoyancy tank and the exterior of the common buoyancy tank only can be formed by combining a plurality of planes in order to guarantee necessary strength and rigidity are overcome.


Recommendations to improve gender inclusivity of engineering curricula have existed for well over a decade in Australia. Particularly in response to the Johnson review of engineering education (1996), cultures in engineering faculties have improved (Mills 2010). This paper asks whether feminist literature in the field of engineering education can contribute to curriculum development in 2011. The paper has two parts. The theoretical framework for the first part has been adapted from threshold concept theory. This theory recognises that any discipline has concepts that are transformational for students, critical to students' progress and yet troublesome for many students. The theory can be used to focus students' and teachers' attention on critical concepts in a curriculum. The first part of the paper focuses on a small sample of a new curriculum development process at The University of Western Australia. Three thresholds identified by participants in two workshops are selected for discussion. The second part of the paper presents an alternative, yet complementary perspective from feminist and engineering education literature. This literature has also identified these same threshold areas as troublesome for female students, and furthermore, contributes a possible explanation for and recommendation to address one of the thresholds. The consistencies support the conclusion that long-standing recommendations for gender inclusive engineering education are likely to help many students, not only women. These examples provide incentive for continued improvement of engineering education programs, as recommended for gender inclusivity, and using approaches that are integrated with feminist theories and experience in the field of gender inclusivity in engineering education.


Objective To investigate the effect of simvastatin on cardiomyocyte apoptosis after myocardial infarction in rats.Methods Thirty rats were randomly divided into three groups,sham group,myocardial infarction group,and simvastatin group.Rats were received simvastatin and saline gastric gavage for 7 days.All rats were modeled by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation on the eighth day except the sham group.The apoptotic myocyte cells were quantified by TUNEL staining,the activity of CK-MB was detected by antienzyme dynamics assay and the level of serum lipid was measured by biochemical methods.Results Compared with myocardial infarction group,apoptotic myocyte cells in simvastatin group significantly decreased in infarction zone(P0.05).The level of serum CK-MB decreased significantly in simvastatin group compared with myocardial infarction group(P0.01).There was no statistic difference in the level of serum lipid among these three groups(P0.05).Conclusion Pretreatment with simvastatin has protective effect on the myocardial ischemic injury,attenuates the apoptosis of myocardial.


Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has developed many unique strategies to evade the immune system, one of which is via cell-to-cell transfer through a virological synapse (VS). Cell-to-cell transmission results in more efficient virus transmission than infection with cell-free virions. Cell-to-cell transmission occurs at the VS, where a tight cleft forms between HIV-1-infected cells (effectors) and receptor-expressing (target) cells. Upon VS formation, viral budding polarizes toward target cells; the budding virus, viral RNA, and virus-related proteins are likely transmitted to target cells via this cleft. Furthermore, the movement of HIV-1 across an adhesive junction might help to protect the virus from attack by humoral factors, such as antibodies or complements. Therefore, cell-to-cell transfer is considered to be the predominant mechanism of viral spread during infection.1

Recent reports have shown that cell-to-cell spread of HIV-1 between T cells is more efficient than the equivalent cell-free infection.1,2 Normally, T cells are not inherently polarized and do not display front–rear polarity in the absence of stimulation. However, T cells can adapt and show front–rear polarity during stimulation, including cell–cell contact with antigen-presenting cells at the immunological synapse (IS), T cell migration, and chemokine or cytokine stimulation. IS formation triggers cytoplasmic and membrane remodeling within the T cell and recruits organelles, such as the secretory apparatus, signaling machinery, and mitochondria, to the contact region.

Mitochondria has been reported to play an important role in the formation of IS by promoting sustained calcium influx to support synaptic signaling.3 VS formation shares many similarities with the IS.2 Mitochondria have long been known to be essential organelles that provide metabolic energy. They are involved in many physical functions and regulations including cellular signaling pathways, apoptosis, autophagy, and innate immunity.3 There is limited information regarding the role of mitochondria in VS.

To address this question, we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe the location of mitochondria during HIV-1 VS formation using HIV-1-infected Jurkat T cells cocultured with uninfected Jurkat T cells. Our results illustrated in Fig. 1 showed that mitochondria were polarized and were engaged primarily in the contact regions of the HIV-1-infected T cells (effectors) during cell-to-cell contact. Recently, Groppelli et al. also indicated that polarization of mitochondria supports HIV-1 VS formation.2 Lee-Huang and Huang used live-cell real-time imaging to observe mitochondria in HIV-1-infected cells.4

FIG. 1.

Cell-to-cell contact between HIV-1-infected (the lower cell) and HIV-uninfected (the upper cell) Jurkat T cells under transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

We therefore suggest that mitochondria are important for VS formation and supply energy for cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1. At present, the detailed mechanism of VS formation and cell-to-cell transmission is still not fully understood. These findings provide further insight into intercellular interactions and organelle localization during HIV-1 VS formation.


Background/Aims: To describe the long term results of cases of cataract extraction combined with either Molteno implant insertion or trabeculectomy for primary open angle glaucoma. Methods: This prospective case series followed cases which had cataract extraction and Molteno implant insertion (45 eyes) or trabeculectomy (94 eyes) followed up for a mean of 5.3 years and 3.9 years respectively. Results: Cataract extraction and Molteno implant insertion or trabeculectomy controlled the intraocular pressure at 21 mmHg or less with a probability of 1.00 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.00) at 10 years or more after operation and 0.94 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.99) and 0.73 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.99) at five and 10 years after operation respectively. Conclusions: Cataract extraction combined with insertion of Molteno implants or trabeculectomy controlled the intraocular pressure in 100% (45/45) and 94% (88/94) of cases respectively.


Biofuel is recognised as an important renewable energy for substituting fossil fuel. Biofuel synthesis technologies have evolved from the first to the fourth generation. However with the advanced technologies, the sustainability of biofuel production should be considered. This paper reviewed the evolution of biofuel synthesis and summarised the findings from the available assessments related to biofuel production. Inherent safety, health and environment (SHE) analysis for biofuel was found to be scarce despite its significant impacts on human and environment. Besides, biofuel is still less economically competitive than petroleum-based fuel due to higher feedstock and capital cost. On a brighter note, introduction of biofuel promotes better social impact by improving economic activities, health and nutrition security, and job opportunities particularly in rural countries. This paper also summarised the established methodological framework for production pathway assessment during process design stage. It can be concluded that continuous assessment and improvement on biofuel, particularly on inherent SHE and techno-economic viability are very much needed.


We study finite group actions on smooth manifolds of the form $M\#\Sigma$, where $\Sigma$ is an exotic $n$-sphere and $M$ is a closed aspherical space form. We give a classification result for free actions of finite groups on $M\#\Sigma$ when $M$ is 7-dimensional. We show that if $\mathbb Z/p\mathbb Z$ acts freely on $T^n\#\Sigma$, then $\Sigma$ is divisible by $p$ in the group of homotopy spheres. When $M$ is hyperbolic, we give examples $M\#\Sigma$ that admit no nontrivial smooth action of a finite group, even though Isom($M$) is arbitrarily large. Our proofs combine geometric and topological rigidity results with smoothing theory and computations with the Atiyah--Hirzebruch spectral sequence.


The current study attempts to review the literature concerning the synthesis, properties, and application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The methods used to produce carbon nanotubes include laser ablation, electric arc discharge, chemical vapor deposition, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, pulsed laser deposition, use of low-frequency ultrasound waves, heating a bulk polymer, and bulk sputtering. CNTs have excellent mechanical and thermal properties that strongly depend upon their structure. Functionalized magnetic CNTs are involved in magnetic force microscopy used in biomedicine. The liquid and plastic limit of kaolinite can be increased by adding CNTs to it. In the medical field, CNTs have numerous applications including gene delivery to cells, cancer therapy, drug delivery, and tissue regeneration. Their antioxidant nature also enables them to be used in cosmetic products and in the field of dermatology. They are also used to purify the environment, water, and in modern food-packaging technology. The sensors containing CNTs composite pellets are sensitive to gases, such as NH 3 , CO 2 , and CO H 2 O. CNTs are used to construct gas containers for hydrogen storage. They are also considered ideal for structural applications and their properties can be


We study the inversion of potential fields and evaluate the degree of depth resolution achievable for a given problem. To this end, we introduce a powerful new tool: the depth-resolution plot (DRP). The DRP allows a theoretical study of how much the depth resolution in a potential-field inversion is influenced by the way the problem is discretized and regularized. The DRP also allows a careful study of the influence of various kinds of ambiguities, such as those from data errors or of a purely algebraic nature. The achievable depth resolution is related to the given discretization, regularization, and data noise level. We compute DRP by means of singular-value decomposition (SVD) or its generalization (GSVD), depending on the particular regularization method chosen. To illustrate the use of the DRP, we assume a source volume of specified depth and horizontal extent in which the solution is piecewise constant within a 3D grid of blocks. We consider various linear regularization terms in a Tikhonov (damped least-squares) formulation, some based on using higher-order derivatives in the objective function. DRPs are illustrated for both synthetic and real data. Our analysis shows that if the algebraic ambiguity is not too large and a suitable smoothing norm is used, some depth resolution can be obtained without resorting to any subjective choice of depth weighting.


Solubility and stability properties of almond proteins were determined using ultracentrifugation and gel electrophoresis to gain a better insight into the complexity of these proteins. Ultracentrifugal analyses of the water-extractable proteins of defatted almond meal revealed four fractions of 2S, 9S, 14S and 19S. The 14S fraction corresponds to amandin, the classical globulin isolated earlier, and constitutes 65–70% of the extractable proteins. Variation of ionic strength from 0 to 1·0 at pH 6–8 showed no evidence of association–dissociation reactions that are typical of many oilseed and legume proteins. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the water-extractable proteins under reducing conditions separated two pairs of major polypeptides of 44 and 42 kDa and 27 and 25 kDa that appeared to be the respective acidic and basic polypeptides of amandin corresponding to the classical legumin model. Sodium chloride had no effect on total protein extractability but variation of extraction pH showed a broad minimum in extractability at pH 3–5. In contrast, when a pH 9 extract was lowered in pH, the minimum in protein solubility was narrower and shifted upward to pH 5 largely as a result of the precipitation of amandin. Interaction of amandin with phytate may explain the lower pH of minimum solubility when the meal was extracted directly as opposed to lowering the pH of an alkaline extract. Amandin is a cryoprotein and was obtained in 90% purity by cooling a water extract of defatted meal. Incubation of a water extract of meal in the presence of azide for about 12 days revealed proteolytic nicking of the acidic polypeptides of amandin apparently as a result of attack by endogenous proteinase(s). © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry.


Much of the allocation of human resources to tasks is studied under the rubric of "attention". However this is a very low-dimensional characterization of a system that has many degrees of freedom. ...


━━ Background. The clinical efficacy of osimertinib in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations remains unclear. The efficacy and safety of osimertinib in elderly patients with these mutations have not been established. We herein report an elderly case of lung adenocarcinoma with an uncommon EGFR mutation treated successfully with osimertinib. Case. An 84-year-old female presented with a chest abnormal shadow after a medical health checkup. Computed tomography revealed a tumor in the left upper lobe and enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes. She was found to have multiple brain and bone metastases. She was diagnosed with stage IVB pulmonary adenocarcinoma (cT4N3M1c), harboring an EGFR L861Q gene mutation. She received 80 mg/day of osimertinib, and then the dose was reduced to 40 mg/ day due to appetite loss. The tumor responded well to osimertinib, resulting in a partial response. The dose of osimertinib was returned to 80 mg/day after re-elevation of CEA, but she experienced no severe adverse events. She has been treated with the same dose of osimertinib without disease progression or severe adverse events. Conclusion. Osimertinib was effective and well-tolerated in an elderly patient with lung adenocarcinoma harboring the EGFR L861Q mutation. (JJLC. 2020;60:411-415) KEY WORDS━━ Epidermal growth factor receptor, Mutation, Osimertinib, Uncommon mutation, L861Q Corresponding author: Toshio Kato. Received May 28, 2020; accepted June 24, 2020. 要旨━━ 背景. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)uncommon mutationを呈する非小細胞肺癌に 対するオシメルチニブの有効性は確立しておらず,80 歳以上の高齢者に対する有効性や安全性は明らかでな い.症例.84歳女性.健診で胸部異常影を指摘され,CT にて左上葉に腫瘤および広範に縦隔リンパ節腫大を認 めた.全身検索で脳転移および多発骨転移を認めた (cT4N3M1c Stage IVB).CTガイド下肺生検で肺腺癌と 診断され,遺伝子変異検索で EGFR L861Q変異が判明し た.オシメルチニブを開始したが,食欲不振のため 80 mg/日から 40 mg/日に減量を要した.画像上部分奏効が 得られたが,CEAが上昇した際に 80 mg/日へ増量した. 重篤な有害事象なく,現在も増悪なく投与継続中である. 結論.高齢 EGFR L861Q陽性腺癌患者に対してオシメ ルチニブを投与したところ奏効が得られ,継続投与が可 能であった. 索引用語━━ EGFR,遺伝子変異,オシメルチニブ,Uncommon mutation,L861Q 愛知医科大学 1呼吸器・アレルギー内科,2病理診断科. 論文責任者:加藤俊夫. 受付日:2020年 5月 28日,採択日:2020年 6月 24日. (肺癌.2020;60:411-415) 2020 The Japan Lung Cancer Society Osimertinib for an Elderly Case with EGFR L861Q―Kato et al 412 Japanese Journal of Lung Cancer―Vol 60, No 5, Oct 20, 2020―www.haigan.gr.jp Figure 1. Chest X-ray shows a large mass in the left upper and middle lung field and left diaphragmatic eventration. はじめに Epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)遺伝子変異 は,非小細胞肺癌の 10~30%で認められる遺伝子変異で ある.1,2 EGFR遺伝子変異のうち exon 19欠失変異 (45%)と L858R変異(40%)が大部分を占め,これら以 外の変異は"uncommon mutation"と呼ばれる.3,4 Uncommon mutationは L861Qや G719Xなど様々なもの を含むが,EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor(EGFR-TKI) による治療に関してはどの薬剤を選択すべきか未だ定 まっていない.5 今回,EGFR L861Q変異を認めた高齢肺 腺癌患者に対して一次治療としてオシメルチニブ投与を 行い,奏効と忍容性を得られた症例を経験したので報告 する.


Simple Summary The Upper Jurassic deposits of the Lastres Formation crop out on the Asturian coast (northwest of the Iberian Peninsula), in the so-called "The Dinosaur Coast". This formation presents a high abundance of dinosaur remains and other vertebrates. Despite the deep knowledge about its fauna and environment, practically nothing is known about the plant communities that formed the landscape of the region at the end of the Jurassic. We present here the first palynological data of the Lastres Fm., identifying a rich and abundant palynological assemblage formed by more than 60 different taxa. The presence of some taxa with biostratigraphic value suggests a Kimmeridgian-Tithonian age for this formation. On the other hand, the botanical affinities of the taxa found indicate that the vegetation of the "The Dinosaur Coast" of Asturias would not be homogeneous, but would be formed by a mosaic of different plant communities that would adapt to the variety of environments present in the region. The presence of forest areas probably represented a protected environment as well as a food source for herbivorous dinosaurs. Analysis of charcoalified wood remains suggests that palaeofires were relatively recurrent in the study area. Abstract Abundant fossils of vertebrates (mainly footprints and bones of dinosaurs) and numerous invertebrates occur in the Upper Jurassic deposits of the Lastres Formation in the Asturias region, North of Spain. However, no palynological study has been published from this geological formation; therefore, much palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological information is still unknown. In this study, a total of 62 morphospecies, belonging to 49 different morphogenera were identified, including pollen, spores, algae remains, fungi spores, dinoflagellates, foraminifera, and scolecodonts from four different locations on the Asturian coast. Spores are the dominant group of palynomorphs, both in diversity and abundance, contrasting with the minor diversity of pollen grains. The age of some key taxa indicates that the palynological assemblage cannot be older than the Kimmeridgian, suggesting a Kimmeridgian-Tithonian age. The botanical and environmental affinities of the pollen and spores indicate the presence of different plant assemblages, including plant communities from humid areas such as the margin of rivers and small freshwater ponds that were dominated by bryophytes and ferns, and a coastal plant community that would inhabit arid areas and would be dominated by gymnosperms and some pteridophytes. The SEM analyses of wood remains show the abundance of charcoalified remains suggesting that wildfires were usual in "The Dinosaur Coast" of Asturias during the Kimmeridgian.


The Trident I Missile features an extendible nose spike that reduces the drag of the blunt nose by creating a low dynamic-pressure flow separation. Experience with the Apollo-Saturn boosters indicates that the flow separation could contribute negative aerodynamic damping to certain critical free-free bending modes. It is essential to determine if the undamping is severe enough to endanger the missile structural integrity. The aerodynamic damping analysis is presented, including the effects of discontinuous spike deflection that occurs when thermal expansion, due to aerodynamic heating, loosens the spike joints. Fluctuating-pressure wind-tunnel test data are also included since the fluctuating pressures produce the most severe lateral aerodynamic load on the "aerospike".


Investigation of cranial and spinal deformities in Atlantic salmon smolts from Chile immediately after sea transfer, over two successive crops, demonstrated ankylosis of the mandibular articulation, spinal foreshortening, fracture of vertebrae and rarefaction of osseous and cartilaginous tissues including the operculum. As a result the mouth was permanently agape and opercula could be folded back on themselves. All affected fish had been transferred to sea water at 20 °C plus and fed on particular commercial diets. Fish in cooler areas, or on diets high in vitamin C and phosphorus in the high temperature zone, were clinically normal. The condition has not recurred following dietary adjustment.


Abstract A broadscale survey of 118 streams was made throughout New Zealand's South Island to establish relationships between aquatic bryophytes and selected environmental variables. Bryophytes were found in 95 of the streams examined, and covered large areas of the substratum (mean cover of 17%, maximum cover of 86%). TWINSPAN analysis revealed the existence of five sample groupings, of which one supported no bryophytes. Streams without bryophytes typically flowed through developed catchments (pasture or pine) composed of easily eroded rocks. Nutrient levels were high in these streams, and low‐flow events were also common. Streambed stability was low, reflecting lack of stable bedrock and boulder substrata. TWINSPAN identified two major groups of streams with bryophytes: those supporting mosses and those supporting liverworts. These streams differed from those without bryophytes by having a higher streambed stability, and fewer low‐flow events. These two variables thus appear fundamental in controlling a...


AbstractObjective: To assess attitudes of physicians working in Addis Ababa government hospitals towards routine counseling andadvance prescription of emergency contraception (EC).Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study on attitudes of physicians towards routine counseling and advance prescription ofEC was performed on 445 physicians working in Addis Ababa public hospitals. A standardized questionnaire which assessedknowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on EC provision and routine counseling and advance prescription of EC were administeredamong participants.Results: Out of the total 445 physicians, there was an overall response rate of 86.1%. Only 55.3% participants received a verygood and good knowledge score. Physicians of gynecological and obstetrics department were more knowledgeable than others(p< .0001.). Attitudes of physicians were favorable (64%) towards EC. Being a member of gynecological and obstetrics departmentshowed a very good knowledge score, and past counseling and prescribing EC had favorable attitudes. The majority 72.4%(240) have never prescribed EC. Physicians who ever counseled and prescribed EC before the survey were more likely to have avery good knowledge score (181 p < 0.0001), favorable attitudes (176 p< .001) and past prescribing (124 p < 0.15) than others.The majority of the respondents 316 (83.6%) agreed on the role of routine counseling and advance prescription supply ofEC, in provision, promotion and information dissemination, and among them 68.8%, were willing to prescribe EC in the future.More than 90% had some concerns like it might encourage repeated use. Eighty four percent mentioned mass media,printed materials, women organization and telephone including text messages and involvement of male partners as better optionsfor EC advocacy, information dissemination, and provision.Conclusion: Attitudes of physicians on EC was favorable but knowledge and practices of EC were very low. Strategy to increaseits access through routine counseling and advance prescription supply to all women is taken not only positively but alsomajority of them are willing to offer EC in advance by prescription and addressed the need of information on EC for providersand clients. Improving KAP on EC is crucial and physicians need to be provided with accurate and up to date informationthrough comprehensive training and updates on EC.Keywords: Emergency contraception, KAP, physicians, contraception.


"Why can't I decide to be happy?" This is the question that encapsulates the meaning behind Gabriele's story, the main character of the novel Il film delle emozioni (The Movie of Emotions; Calabretta 2007a, in Italian). Gabriele is a victim of his negative emotions, and is completely in the power of his self-blame and self-devaluative thinking, which he learns to change only at the end of the novel, thanks to creativity and to the artistic expression of his own traumatic experiences (see Sparrow and Wegner 2006). The novel tells of Gabriele's several attempts at writing, first, the script of an autobiographical "educational" movie on emotion regulation; and then at transforming it into a novel. In reality, it reveals itself as a book popularizing the most recent scientific knowledge on psychology of emotions; as a dramatization of a scientist's life—of his interior, interpersonal, and social conflicts (as well as political ones); and as a dramatization of the creative process of writing. As we will see in this article, The Movie of Emotions is a very particular novel that has much to do with creativity viewed in three different aspects—creativity in the novel's structure, creativity in the process of the novel's creation, and proposed techniques to increase creativity.


We present a measurement of the lower-branch exciton-polariton occupation in room-temperature J-aggregate microcavity devices under low-density steady-state excitation. The observed occupation follows a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution at T=300K, indicating efficient polariton relaxation, necessary for achieving lasing.


With the employment pressure becoming bigger and bigger, the university students' innovative undertaking has obviously become the tendency that comply with the time, so providing a platform of undertaking experiment, training, practice appears especially important. This website provides a complete and omni-directional platform for the university student. This platform's undertaking experiment, training and practice can raise and promote the students' initiative capacity, and can provide opportunities for them to start his business or to cooperate with the enterprise. This platform's target client also includes teachers who are engaged in the undertaking education. It provides a brooader drill ground for the teachers. This kind of undertaking experiment, training, practice platform, which gather student, teacher, enterprise, university and the government together, is a new kind of undertaking teaching method which provides "new knowledge, new technology". Its studying prospect in theory and practice is broad.


The paper deals with an experimental study of prophylactic reinforcement of the proximal femur in old patients suffering from various diseases that induce destructive and dystrophic changes in bone tissue and cause pathological fractures. The authors have developed a prophylactic reinforcement procedure and created the designs of original implants for its performance with the patents of the Russian Federation having been obtained. The performed mathematical modeling and bed tests of the strength of a reinforced bone-implant system prove the increased strength of the proximal femur by 23–93% and lower the risk of fracture in the occurrence of low-energy injury.


In about 50 years of civil nuclear power, there have been two accidents that have caused a great release of radioactive material and have required large-scale evacuation of contaminated areas – Chernobyl in 1986 and Fukushima in 2011. So several international and national organizations conducted a series of activities aimed to identify the lessons to be learned from these accidents and implemented actions in the field of Emergency Preparedness and Response (EPR) based on these lessons. This paper presents how to decrease risk or their consequences for nuclear power plant (NPP), prevent severe direct health damages, and reduce the risk for occurrence probabilities of stochastic influence on health damages in the rate as it is reasonably reachable. Considering the identified importance of the EPR for an NPP that focuses on main parts of On-site and Off-site emergency, including organization, response roles responsibilities, drills and training, and classification of events if it is alert (1st degree) which including actual or potential substantial degradation of the safety level, the shift supervisor would classify the event, Call Emergency Team, Emergency Response Organization (ERO), and Notify Regulatory body, as well as the Technician of radiation safety, would dispatch monitoring team and evaluate the doses. If it is an On-site emergency (2nd degree) which leads to radioactive material release outside of buildings of the nuclear facility or an Off-site emergency (3rd Degree) that leads to serious radioactive material release to the surroundings of the nuclear facility, the shift supervisor would classify the event, call Emergency Team, notify ERO, Regulatory body and local authorities, also the Technician of radiation safety would take Protective measures dispatch monitoring team and evaluation of doses and the Mobile monitoring group would surround the plant for Evaluation of Radiation consequences.


As the continuing improvement of the engine technologies and the related materials technologies,higher-power and bigger cylinder diameter becomes the trend of modern marine engines. The requirements for marine engine oils are more stringent than ever. The development of marine engines was described. The lubrication requirements of various kinds of marine engines and the trends of marine lubricants were introduced. The requirements of accreditation for the lubricants of big vessels and the accreditation of the domestic marine lubricants were described. The successful application of the domestic marine lubricants in big vessels was introduced by an example.


The unknown geoacoustic environment often limits sonar-processing performance. Thus, there is a need for better estimates of the geoacoustic parameters. From the start of geoacoustic inversion more than two decades ago this has been model-based. Advanced propagation codes are based on ray tracing, wavenumber integration, normal modes or parabolic equations. The environment model is parameterized using ocean sound-speed and sediment sound-speed, density and attenuation. In some cases range-dependent models has been used. Initially classical least squares were used. But early on stochastic optimization methods as simulated annealing and genetic algorithms became popular. Understanding of uncertainties is important for the development of the methods. A major effort has been addressed using Bayesian methods and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Uncertainties are used to find the most important parameters and the obtained geoacoustic inversion uncertainties can be mapped into sonar performance assessment. In a...


This is the published PDF version of an book chapter published in Burial in later Anglo-Saxon England c. 650-1100 AD© 2010.


We read with interest the recently published work in Gut by Imhann et al .1 Although this paper suggests that genetics plays an important role in IBD,1 environmental factors clearly contribute to its aetiology.2 When Ng et al 2 reviewed environmental risk factors for IBD in this journal they noted that urbanisation may be linked to both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

We used Cox regression to estimate the effect of urbanisation and deprivation during childhood on future IBD.

From the Swedish Total Population Register,3 the government agency Statistics Sweden selected all individuals born in Sweden between 1973 and 2013 (n=4 161 280). Among these there …


In the IAEA documentations focus on management, for example the recently issued IAEA Safety Requirements publication Leadership and Management for Safety (IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 2), it is understood that the organization information and knowledge (both tacit and explicit) should be managed as a resource for effective implementation of the management system. Also, lack of a knowledge management program is one of the warning signs of a decline in safety culture. This paper focuses on enhancing the Knowledge Management performance as a main step to achieve the goal of applying the Integrated Management System to improve safety, operation efficiency and performance. The Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) is a governmental research Authority that owns the Egypt Second Research Reactor (ETRR 2) complex. This Complex contains three nuclear installations (ETRR2 Reactor, Fuel Manufacturing Pilot Plant-FMPP and Radioisotopes Production Facility-RPF) and Administrative and engineering building (headquarter of the complex), which have a fairly adequate knowledge base. The paper introduces a proposal of Knowledge Management Program design for the ETRR2 complex. The objective of the proposed plan is first to evaluate the existing Knowledge base and then implement effective Knowledge Management (KM) program in order to avoid risks to overall operations such as 'Risk of Knowledge Loss' and lower safety and productivity.


Today's P2P streaming application periodically suffers from routing hotspots, a.k.a., flash crowds. A routing hotspot is typically created by an unanticipated new event that triggers an unanticipated surge of users which request streaming from some particular peers, temporarily overwhelming the peer's delivery capabilities. In this paper, we consider how to avoid the routing hotspot prior to a congestion event. Assume that the price for usage of each node is proportional to the congestion level at the node, we propose an incentive compatible pricing mechanism. It is shown that the users can enforce any operating point it deems efficient and avoid hotspot by offering the capacity of the various nodes at weight prices. The incentive compatible weight vector is shown to be unique to the extent of a multiplicative constant, and its structure is specified explicitly. In order to apply this mechanism in very-large-scale P2P streaming network, we propose an adaptive algorithm for distributed computation of the incentive compatible discount vector. The simulation results show that the incentive compatible pricing mechanism can avoid the routing hotspot efficiently.


A glucose oxidase (GOD)-attached polyion complex membrane containing peroxidase (POD) and ferrocene was prepared by two steps on a glassy carbon electrode. First, a polyion complex membrane containing POD and ferrocene was prepared: a poly-L-lysine solution, a POD solution, a ferrocene dispersion and a poly(styrenesulfonate) solution were successively dropped on an electrode, and the electrode was allowed to dry. Then GOD was attached by the use of glutaraldehyde: GOD and glutaraldehyde solutions were dropped on the membrane, and the electrode was dried. Current response to glucose for the enzyme electrode was measured at a potential of −0.2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The 100 % response time was ca. 20 s. The current was proportional to the glucose concentration up to 0.1 mM. The lower detection limit was 1 µM (signal-to-noise ratio, S/N=5). The enzyme electrode was used for the glucose measurements in beverages. The results obtained agreed well with those obtained by Boehringer F-kit method. The electrode would be useful as a glucose biosensor for beverages.


Despite loving working in emergency and critical care as a vet technician in Canada, Sandra Kenny still had a niggling desire to become a vet. She is now in her final year at the Royal Veterinary College.


Liquid‐based cytology (LBC) is believed to have better sensitivity than conventional smears (CSs) and offers the possibility to perform molecular assay. The goal of this work was to study the performance of CS and LBC in a high‐risk population and to compare the results with the hybrid capture (HC) II for high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Samples were collected from selected women with clinical suspicions of low genital tract lesion at Pérola Biygnton Hospital (São Paulo, Brazil). After CS preparation, the brush was introduced in the endocervix and a new sample was collected and rinsed in the preservative medium of the system. The residual material was used to HC2. From 925 cases, LBC was unsatisfactory in 4 (1.51%) cases and CS was unsatisfactory in 100 cases (10.81%); among theses cases HC2+ reactions was observed in 54 (54%) CSs and 3 (21.4%) LBCs. Considering cases with atypia of undetermined significance (squamous and glandular), 85 (77.27%) cases from LBC and 44 (86.4%) from CS were positive for HC2 assay for high‐risk DNA‐HPV. The difference among the methods was not significant (P < 0.38). The diagnosis improvement of LBC in comparison with CS was 86% in satisfactory samples, 92.76% in undetermined atypical lesions (including glandular), 83% in positive low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL+), and 86.84% in high‐grade SIL+ (HSIL+). HC2+ reactions were observed in 144 CS cases and 266 LBC cases with abnormalities. Our results have showed that LBC was superior to CS in a high‐risk population to detect lesions with high concordance with HC2+ reactions; CSs also exhibit a high concordance with HC2 assay but with inferior performance to detect lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2004;31:169–172. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A nonlinear dynamical system is modelled as a nonlinear mapping from a set of input signals into a corresponding set of output signals. Each signal is specified by a set of real number parameters, but such sets may be uncountably infinite. For numerical simulation of the system each signal must be represented by a finite parameter set and the mapping must be defined by a finite arithmetical process. Nevertheless the numerical simulation should be a good approximation to the mathematical model. We discuss the representation of realistic dynamical systems and establish a stable approximation theorem for numerical simulation of such systems.


Introduction Dissolution testing is a required test currently used to demonstrate the performance of all solid oral dosage forms in which absorption of the drug is necessary for the product to exert a therapeutic effect (1). The challenge for scientists working in a research and development environment is to develop a procedure that can not only guide the formulation development process but can also be used as a regulatory test to detect manufacturing deviations and to ensure product consistency at release and over the product's shelf life. The test must be rugged and reproducible and highlight only significant changes in product performance. The robustness of the procedure is particularly important since calibrated dissolution baths are allowed a variation of ± 2 rpm in the rotational speed of the apparatus. If a formulation is sensitive to small changes in rotational speed, then observed changes in the dissolution profile may simply reflect allowable instrument variation. The development of a dissolution procedure involves selecting the dissolution media, apparatus and agitation rate appropriate to the product. The solubility of the active ingredient(s) is one of the key aspects in the screening of possible dissolution media. USP favors media related to physiological conditions, for example buffer solutions or diluted HCl (0.01 N) (2). The dissolution characteristics of the formulation are to be evaluated over the physiologic pH range of 1.2 to 7.5 (1). For water-insoluble and sparingly water soluble drug products, use of a surfactant such as sodium lauryl sulfate is recommended (3). To ensure good mixing of the drug and excipients in the dissolution vessel, a suitable apparatus and rotational speed should be selected. The basket method (Apparatus 1) is routinely used for capsule formulations at agitation speeds of 50 and 100 rpm, while the paddle method (Apparatus 2) is used mostly for tablets dosage forms at 50 and 75 rpm (1). In general, mild agitation conditions should be maintained during dissolution testing to allow maximum discriminatory power (4). In most cases, the dissolution apparatus tends to become less discriminating when operated at faster speeds that result in a flatter drug release profile. However, for certain tablet formulations, the increased paddle speed results in a method with a higher discriminating power by reducing the variability of the data. Use of a low rotation speed could result in a lack of robustness in the data due to poor hydrodynamics in the dissolution vessel and can become more a reflection of system artifacts such as coning rather than true formulation changes. Visual observations are especially useful during method development to understand the behavior of the tablet in the dissolution vessel. The agitation speed providing optimum hydrodynamics in the vessel can be determined by comparison of the dissolution profiles obtained by making small variations in paddle speed (robustness experiments) as well as by challenging the testing procedure through the use of mismanufactured tablets (discriminatory power experiments). The final dissolution procedure should be robust and should be able to distinguish small but real changes in the product formulation. Abstract Regulatory agencies often consider USP dissolution methods developed using the slowest paddle speed (50 rpm) to represent the most appropriate operating condition since they tend to produce the steepest drug release profiles. A steep drug release profile is frequently assumed to provide optimum discriminating power either to distinguish small variations in the tablet manufacturing process or to detect stability changes on storage. However, for certain tablet formulations it has been demonstrated that drug release profiles generated at 50 rpm can in fact be a reflection of system artifacts rather than a discriminatory tool. Higher paddle speeds which result in flatter drug release profiles can, in some cases,more accurately reflect true formulation changes. This point is highlighted in the description of the development of a dissolution method for a compressed tablet containing two active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). The selection of dissolution medium for a tablet with two APIs having very different solubility properties is detailed. The effects of paddle speed on system performance and method discriminating power are critically evaluated.


Latent class analysis (LCA) is a useful statistical approach for understanding heterogeneity in a population. This article provides a pedagogical introduction to LCA modeling and provides an example of its use to understand youths' daily coping strategies. The analytic procedures are outlined for choosing the number of classes and integration of the LCA variable within a structural equation model framework, specifically a latent class moderation model, and a detailed table provides a summary of relevant modeling steps. This applied example demonstrates the modeling context when the LCA variable is moderating the association between a covariate and two outcome variables. Results indicate that students' coping strategies moderate the association between social stress and negative mood; however, they do not moderate the social stress-positive mood association. Online supplemental materials include R (MplusAutomation) code to automate the enumeration procedure, ML three-step auxiliary variable integration, and the generation of figures for visually depicting LCA results.


The main goal of this paper is to examine the effects of selected methods of estimation (the Geweke and Porter-Hudak, modified Geweke and Porter-Hudak, Whittle, R/S Rescaled Range Statistic, aggregated variance, aggregated absolute value, and Peng's variance of residuals methods) and data frequency on properties of Hurst exponents for stock returns, volatility, and trading volumes of 43 companies and eight stock market indices. The calculations have been performed for a time series of log-returns, squared log-returns, and log-volume (based on hourly and daily data) by nine methods. Descriptive statistics and distribution laws of Hurst exponents depend on the method of estimation and, to some extent, on data frequency (daily and hourly). While by and large in log-returns no long memory has been detected, some estimation methods confirm the existence of long memory in squared log-returns. All of the applied estimation methods show long memory in log-volume data.


Abstract Background and Objectives: Islam has particular style and doctrine about health and treatment that makes it different from other treatment methods. The aim of this article is studying the principles and methods of Islamic health treatment and the attitudes of this religion toward appearance of disease caused by material or immaterial factors. Methods: This article is review type and it is presented by descriptive analysis method from religious sources. Results: Islam is a religion which is oriented towards health with health-treatment features, priority of prevention over treatment by reforming nutritional principles, tolerance of disease and avoidance of taking medicine if the disease is not sever, paying attention to spiritual causes of illness in addition to physical factors and necessity of treatment as a Divine Will and avoidance of treatment by Haraam because God has not placed healing in Haraam. Conclusion: These features have made Islamic health - treatment doctrine as unique.


Currently many Enterprise Systems implementations fail, which may mean total cancellation of the project, or failure time or the goals. One of the ma...


Using official scenarios published by the Swiss government in 1992 for the period up to 2040 the authors present future population trends in Switzerland. These include population aging and a decline in total population. The consequences for Switzerlands social and economic policy are discussed with sections on politics family policy social security education health spatial distribution the environment unemployment the status of women immigration savings and investment and financial policy. The book ends with a list of policy directives deemed necessary to meet the demographic challenges of Switzerlands future.


The Buschke-Löwenstein tumor, also known as, giant condyloma acuminatum is an extremely rare sexually transmitted disease associated due to human papilloma virus infection, mostly Type 6 or 11.


This article discusses how the work of Luigi Snozzi in the village of Monte Carasso in Switzerland is relevant for the investigation of the relationship between rules and architectural form. It describes the work of Snozzi both as a nomothete and as a designer across thirty years, arguing that the impact of his code and that of harchitectural designs on the village are not separable. While Snozzi's code for Monte Carasso, as reported in various publications and talks, builds on a series of indeterminacies that can potentially undermine its effectiveness, the architect's own designs, such as the Guidotti House, act as models for the interpretation of the normative reach of the code. This article traces the indeterminacy of Snozzi's code, building on concepts borrowed from social ontology and philosophy of law, to describe how rules can contribute, in this case study, to determine architectural quality. In particular, the article questions the nature of the norms enacted in Monte Carasso to suggest that the unmediated application of building codes can lead to unfavourable architectural outcomes. It argues that, when considered as normative models, architectural projects can facilitate a more effective application of the ideas underlying the normative scope of architectural regulations.


Diffraction experiments with hard X-rays that were available at the BW5 instrument of DORIS III revealed to be a powerful tool for clarifying the short-range structures of a great variety of oxide glasses. The beamtime in October 2013 just before the final shutdown of DORIS III was the last chance to collect high-quality scattering data for calculation of X-ray structure factors S(Q) of disordered matter systems. Three short series of glassy samples were chosen for our last two days.


Development of the control and communication system for the plasma heating unit of Large Helical Device (LHD: an experimental machine for fusion science) has been continued. The system is composed of a distributed and concurrent client/server system by the use of several UNIX workstations, and its sub-systems are controlled by PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), VME (Versa Module Europe). Almost all of its control system are connected via Ethernet with IEEE802.3. Man-machine interface system and hardware/software of the control system have been completed.


This article addresses the issue of crimes applicable to the notarial activity, and the study of special figures of crime theory, which would be applicable to the notarial function. In this context, the discussion about the criminal responsibility of the notary and its employees, in the exercise of their public duties is raised.


Microscopic examination of scales from lesions on the ear of a white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) revealed the presence of fungal structures, gross appearance of which was consistent with the morphology of a dematiaceous mold. Nutrient agar cultures inoculated with such scales yielded Alternaria alternata. No other fungus was seen or isolated. Hyphalike elements were also noted in thin sections of the connective tissue of the ear. These data indicate a subcutaneous infection initiated by Alternaria.


The invention provides a method for preparing dioctyl terephthalate through catalyzing the waste PET (polyester) isooctanol alcoholysis reaction. The method is characterized in that heptamul ferrocene 1-(3-sulfoacid propyl)-3-methylimidazole is used as a catalyst for catalyzing the PET isooctanol alcoholysis reaction; under the conditions that the mass ratio of PET structure units to isooctanol substances being 1:5 to 1:8, the mass ratio of the PET to the catalyst being 1000:1 to 100:3, the reaction temperature being 180 to 245 DEG C and the reaction time being 2 to 8h, the dioctyl terephthalate is prepared; ethylene glycol is recovered. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the ingredients are more economic; 2, the product is not dissolved in the dioctyl phthalate and the catalyst, and can realize automatic layer separation, so that the separation process is easier; 3, the consumption of the catalyst is low, and the catalyst can be cyclically used; 4, the reaction time is short.


In order to relax the curse of dimensionality,a new algorithm for K Nearest Neighbor Classifiers(KNNC) fusion through multimodal perturbation based on Genetic Algorithm(GA) is proposed,called GA-MKNNC.The unsolved problem is decomposed into multi sub-problems by target perturbation,and each sub-problem is independently classified.In the process of classification,one sub-problem is classified by the corresponding data,feature and parameters,which are called data perturbation,feature perturbation and parameter perturbation.Data perturbation selects data by bagging.Feature perturbation and parameter perturbation are learned by GA.The decisions from sub-problem classifiers are combined by maximum rule to get the final decision.Experimental results show GA-MKNNC is better than KNNC and most multiple classifier systems.In addition,the number of component classifiers in GA-MKNNC is less than that in FASBIR.


This paper presents a durability analysis of two types of copper leadframe, i.e. the un-oxidised leadframe and the oxidised leadframe. Both leadframe types were used in the fabrication process of a Quad Flat No-Lead (QFN) package, which can be said as a recent type of the 3D stacked die semiconductor package. This study involved the durability test and analysis on QFN packages when these packages were subjected under constant cyclic loadings. In order to perform the cyclic test, the procedure of the three-point cyclic bending test has been employed on the packages. In addition, a strain gauge which was connected to the dynamic data acquisition system was used for each tested QFN package for determining the response of the captured cyclic strain signal. It has been found that the variable amplitude pattern of signal response has been obtained during the constant cyclic test. The obtained response signals for both type of leadframe were then analysed using the approaches of signal processing technique, which is relatively new in this field. The collected response signal were analysed using the normal statistical methods, the Power Spectrum Density (PSD) calculation and also the time-frequency localization analysis. From the detail signal analysis, it has been found that the un-oxidised leadframe showed a lower range of strain response compared to the oxidised leadframe, indicating higher lifetime. As a result, this finding lead to the durability conclusion, for which the un-oxidised leadframe has more durability effects and it also has higher lifetime compared to the oxidised leadframe. Finally, a micro-crack phenomenon at the epoxy interface between the die and the leadframe was also observed for the QFN package with the oxidised leadframe.


Traumatic dislocation of the knee is a serious but rare injury associated with extensive ligamentous disruption as well as neurologic and vascular involvement which not uncommonly lead to amp~tat ion.~"" Traumatic knee dislocation is usually caused by high energy trauma. Automobile accidents and athletic injuries are the most common modes of injury. Occasionally the accident is less dramatic, such as stepping into a hole or falling down steps. Dislocations of the knee are classified by the relationship of the tibia to the femur. There are five major types of knee dislocation: anterior, posterior, lateral, medial and rotary. Rotary dislocations are subdivided into anteromedial, anterolateral, posteromedial and posterolateral. Anterior dislocations are the most prevalent type and posterior dislocations are the second most frequent. Rotary dislocations are the least common, as noted in the large series reported by Kennedy, where none appeared in 22 cases of knee dislocation, and in the series published by Taylor, who saw only three out of 42 cases.4."


For the three dimensional recording of the head movements and compensatory head postures adopted in congenital nystagmus, there was developed an instrument which detects the movements in the x,y,z axes. This system is comprised of two pairs of coils in a Helmholtz configuration in order to generate two alternating magnetic fields of different frequency. The head movements are detected by small coils mounted on a helmet. This system was based in the magnetic field search coil technique. The induced voltages in the coils are amplified and passed through filters and sensitive phase detectors in order to have separate DC signals of each vertical, horizontal and torsional head movements in the output.


Muscle‐derived thermogenesis during acute cold exposure in humans consists of a combination of cold‐induced increases in skeletal muscle proton leak and shivering. Daily cold exposure results in an increase in brown adipose tissue oxidative capacity coupled with a decrease in the cold‐induced skeletal muscle proton leak and shivering intensity. Improved coupling between electromyography‐determined muscle activity and whole‐body heat production following cold acclimation suggests a maintenance of ATPase‐dependent thermogenesis and decrease in skeletal muscle ATPase independent thermogenesis. Although daily cold exposure did not change the fibre composition of the vastus lateralis, the fibre composition was a strong predictor of the shivering pattern evoked during acute cold exposure.


In mathematics, one always tries to get new structures from given ones. This also applies to the realm of graphs, where one can generate many new graphs from a given set of graphs. In this paper we derive the explicit formulas of the number of spanning trees of some graphs generated from the ladder graph.


Abstract The dominant turn towards transmediality across the contemporary media industries has brought a range of emerging digital innovations and new possibilities for telling stories, be it in interactive television experiences, apps, social media, and so on. Despite such rich possibilities, the transmedia phenomenon has also arguably led to a kind of indirect flattening out of how we now understand different media forms, platforms, stories, and even characters. This article will explore the character-building practices that have been employed in augmenting the televisual experience of The walking dead (2010–present) across platforms. It looks at The walking dead: Red machete (2017–2018), a six-part webisode series available on AMC's website, the AMC Story Sync facility (2012–present), a double-screen application designed to enable audiences to post live comments about the episodes, respond to surveys, and talk to other audiences via a chat platform, and finally AMC's Talking dead (2011–present), a 30-minute accompanying talk show. I demonstrate how these three examples of what I call augmented television draw on sociological and anthropological notions of communication, modern social life, and environment in ways that present chances for what I call sociological character-building.


This paper focuses on the relationship between Information and Communication Technology and economy; the influence of ICT on the developing nations economy and the developing nations policies in promoting the Macro and Micro economic changes. It also explores what ICTs are and why they should be considered very important for the sustainable development goals of developing countries. Furthermore, it explains two major conditions that are to be met before ICTs can make a contribution to sustainable development. These include strong human capabilities required in the use of ICT technologies. Secondly, strong policy framework


The article aims to study the problem of the peculiarities of the communicative functions of interrogative sentences. The relevance of the problem is connected with the rich pragmatic fullness of these linguistic units. The issue of communicative functions of interrogative sentences was considered from the theory of speech acts, in which they are realized. Thus, examples of interrogatives were analyzed in representative, directive, commission, and expressive speech acts based on dialogues from the sitcom "Big Bang Theory". Determining the quantitative ratio of interrogatives in the composition of different types of speech acts and comparing these statistics with the results of another study allowed the authors to decide the most productive types. The prospect of further research is a more in-depth study of the pragmatics of interrogative sentences, as well as interdisciplinary research.


Renewable energy technologies gives us much cleaner, abundant energy gathered from self-renewing resources such as the sun, wind etc. Increase in power demand leads to increase in power failure. Hence, renewable energy sources acts as constant load provider. A converter topology for hybrid wind/photovoltaic energy system is proposed. In reality, combining both solar and wind power sources provides us with much needed power generation. By using Renewable energies we have getting advantages of nil fuel cost and environmental impacts got reduced. In this paper, we will see a SEPIC converter topology is used for the hybrid power sources. Two inputs, one from wind energy and another from solar PV panel are given to the converter and maximum power is extracted by using fuzzy logic maximum power point tracking method. Depending on the availability of the energy sources this configuration allows two sources to supply the load separately or simultaneously. The output is given to inverter which converts dc to ac and then applied load. This hybrid energy is given to the three phase inverter. It will convert that DC voltage into AC voltage. This AC voltage is given to the load. The sinusoidal PWM technique is applied to the inverter to control the output voltage and the Fuzzy controller compensates reactive power in the grid. Simulation is carried out in MATLAB/ SIMULINK. Keywords— SEPIC Controller, Inverter INTRODUCTION SOLAR ENERGY One of the most popular types of renewable energy is which abundantly available from nature is solar power . sun is the source of solar energy, which supplies our whole blue planet with the energy.we need to survive. Using solar PV panels, we can harvest energy directly from sunlight and convert it to electricity that powers our homes and businesses. Solar energy is widely used to produce hot water or charging the battery systems. Solar energy brings the benefits both for our bank account and for the environment. The price of solar is constantly dropping day by day and installing solar panel on home will almost save money over the lifetime of your installation. More important thing to take into consideration is producing solar energy doesn't pollute or release fossil fuels, which means we can dramatically reduce the environmental impact by installing solar. Wind power Another type of renewable energy that we used to get with every day is the wind. When you feel the wind, you're simply feeling air moving from place to place due to the uneven heating of Earth's surface. We can generate electricity by capturing the power of wind using massive turbines when they spin. While this method is not always a practical solution for an individual homeowner, but wind power is becoming increasingly popular for utility-scale applications. Huge and massive wind farms spanning many square miles can be seen around the nook and corner of the world. In case of environmental friendly, like solar energy, wind power is pollution-free and is a growing as an important renewable energy source supplying electricity to grids around the world. More than six percent of the electricity used in the U.S in the year 2017 have been produced by wind farms. the two sources is now possible to supply the load separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy sources using this configuration . The output is given to inverter which converts dc to ac and then applied load. This hybrid energy is given to the three phase inverter. It will convert that DC voltage into AC voltage. This AC voltage is given to the load. The sinusoidal PWM technique is applied to the inverter to control the output voltage and the Fuzzy controller compensates reactive power in the grid. Simulation is carried out in MATLAB/ SIMULINK. EXISTING MODEL We all know that the buck boost converter is a DC to DC converter. The output voltage came from buck boost converter of the DC to DC converter is less than or greater than the input voltage. Duty cycle gives the value of magnitude of output voltage. These converters popularly known to as step up or step down transformers and these names are coming from the analogous step up and step down transformer. The input voltages will be processed to step up/down to some level of more than/ less than the input voltage. According to the low conversion energy, the input power is equal to the output power. In this model we can see that buck-boost converter is being used. Even though it has so many advantages, one disadvantage is also there. DISADVANTAGES: Output is inverted. PROPOSED MODEL In this project, we can see the energy of both wind and solar is tapped and Is passed to grid using SEPIC Converter and fuzzy logic controllers are used. The SEPIC converter is highly capable of operating from an input voltage that is greater or less than the much regulated output voltage. Aside from being able to function as both a buck and boost, the SEPIC design also has International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 http://www.ijert.org IJERTV8IS040216 (This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.) Published by : www.ijert.org Vol. 8 Issue 04, April-2019


In this study we aimed to find out the effect of the activity related with the 7 grade mathematics subject "The Arithmetic of Conscious Consumer" for second phase primary students in Turkey by introducing Purdue 3-stage model which is used for gifted students' education and to search whether this activity affects students' creative thinking skills or not. In order to find out these effects, an experimental study has been carried out with 61 students from Capitol Primary School at Uskudar district 188 Araş. Gör. Esra ALTINTAŞ – Doç. Dr. Ahmet Şükrü ÖZDEMİR – Araş. Gör. Abdülkadir KERPİÇ in Istanbul. While 'The Arithmetic of Conscious Consumer' has been taught to 33 of 7 grade experimental group students by using the activity which has been developed according to Purdue model, the same subject has been taught 28 of 7 grade control group students by using activities as stated in national education curriculum for the said subject. Before and after the study, "Creativity Scale (How Creative Are You?)" was given to the students in every groups. Data collected in line with the aims of the study were analyzed by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent groups t-test, dependent group t-test and Mann-Whitney U test and then results were shown in tables and interpreted. Research findings in view of the results showed that there was a significant difference in creativity test scores in favour of experimental group in creativity post-test average scores between control and experimental groups.


The fact that the risk of infantile pyloric stenosis is related to position in family suggests that the environment influences the incidence of the disease, since there is no reason to suppose that inherited differences are affected by birth order, while examples of both pre-natal and post-natal environmental effects associated with birth order are well known (McKeown, MacMahon and Record, 1951a and b). The observation that size of the pyloric tumour is highly correlated with age at operation (McKeown et al., 1951c) supports the view that the tumour develops after birth, but does not, of course, exclude the possibility that the environmental influence (suggested by the association of incidence with birth rank) is exerted before birth. The present communication provides evidence that this environmental effect is post-natal by showing first that immediately after birth the disease is equally common in all birth ranks (it is not until about the third week that the incidence in firstborn is significantly raised), and secondly that symptoms appear earlier in domiciliary than in hospital births.


Recently, programming and performance optimization have become a big burden in simulation science. In studies of planetary formation and evolution, many applications can be reduced to explicitly solving some partial differencial equations (PDEs). We have been developing Formura, a programming language for stencil computations, that can generate explicit solver codes for PDEs. In formura, we can describe discretized PDE-solving algorithms using convenient and familiar mathematical notations such as functions, discretized differentiation operators, rational lattice indices such as half-grid coordinates. We will report the current development status, sample codes, and performance measure of formura.


Over the past few years advances in parallel computing have been significant. Large local memories, fast interprocessor communications, and high speed superscalar nodes have significantly improved the utility of this hardware for reservoir simulation. The following paper discusses a general-purpose reservoir simulator whieh has been ported to three parallel computers: thc Cray T3D, the IBM SP2 and the Silicon Graphics Power Challenge. The unique feature of the model is its ability to run efficiently in either serial or parallel environments. Several test problems are presented ranging from IMPES black-oil with severe faulting to a fully-implicit six-component eompositional simulation. Good to excellent parallel efficiencies are observed for all cases. Two parallel solvers form part of the simulator: a strip domain decomposition scheme and a technique based on composite grid decomposition. Both of these solvers show excellent parallel efficiency. Astatic load-balancing example is presented utilizing the tlexibility of the local grid refinement data structure to achieve balance. Finally, prototype results for clusters of werkstations show excellent parallel speedups, for a limited number of nodes, for both compositional and black-oil modeis.


In order to assess the activity concentration of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides in the Charfassion Island, Bhola, Bangladesh, the upper level sediment samples were analy zed by using Broad Energy Germaniu m (BEGe) detector. Average activity concentrations of 238 U, 232 Th and 40 K were found 16.82±2.18 BqKg -1 , 32.84±2.56 BqKg -1 and 743.52±22.07 BqKg -1 . These results were used to calculate the radiation hazard parameters like rad iu m equivalent activities (Ra eq), representative level index (Iγr). Representative level index is used to estimate the level of gamma radiat ion hazard associated with the natural radionuclides. Due to natural radionuclides in sediment, the effective annual outdoor dose in the study area is 0.07 mSv; which is within the accepted range 0.07 mSv and representative level index (Iγr) is also found to be 0.94 Bq/Kg. The findings fro m this research wo rk would be useful to evaluate the population exposure fro m radionuclides in this island.


This book presents contract analyses and case studies from around the world which draw out key lessons both for the local and international reader. The key questions addressed are: i. Where and how is contracting out being undertaken in the water sector and by whom? ii. Is contracting out delivering benefits through improved efficiency and effectiveness? iii. How can the use of contracting out be further enhanced to deliver improved water and sanitation service provision in low- and middle-income countries?


Lack of insight or impaired awareness of deficits in people with Alzheimer's disease or other dementias (AD) is a relatively neglected area of study. The terms are widely used in professional and everyday life without a shared understanding of what lack of insight means to health professionals, informal caregivers or people with dementia. Content analysis of 49 psychiatry or psychology texts, in which insight or a synonym is mentioned, found lack of clarity in definitions and their operationalization. In general, insight is defined as the ability to understand one's own problems. Lack of insight therefore is a professional judgement grounded in the medicalization of dementia. People labelled as lacking insight of their dementia will consequently experience more acutely depersonalization, loss of independence, loss of social and political rights and they will have their behaviour individualized. Caregivers' understanding of the loss of insight may influence the way they deal with risk during caregiving.


The radial cross-sectional area measured by the AFIS is used to provide a correction to the diverse slopes of the relationship between the mass and the natural logarithm of the ratio of the incident light to the light attenuated by cotton fibers. The correction appears to be comparable to that obtained from Arealometer data. Comparisons with Arealometer cross sections indicate an R 2 of at least 0.97. This measurement, obtained more rapidly using the AFIS, may be used as a mass correction to determine strength on the Spinlab high volume instrument.


The recent drastic increase in mobile data traffic has pushed the mobile edge computing systems to the limit of their capacity. A promising solution to this problem is the task migration provided by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Key factors to be taken into account in the design of UAV offloading schemes must include the number of tasks waiting in the system as well as their corresponding deadlines. An appropriate system cost which is used as an objective function to be minimized comprises two parts. First, an offloading cost which can be interpreted as the cost of using computational resources at the UAV. Second, a penalty cost due to potential task expiration. In order to minimize the expected (time average) cost over a time horizon, we formulate a Dynamic Programming (DP) equation and analyze it to describe properties of a candidate optimal offloading policy. The DP equation suffers from the well-known"Curse of Dimensionality"that makes computations intractable, especially when the state space is infinite. In order to reduce the computational burden, we identify three important properties of the optimal policy. Based on these properties, we show that it suffices to evaluate the DP equation on a finite subset of the state space only. We then show that the optimal task offloading decision associated with a state can be inferred from the decision taken at its"adjacent"states, further reducing the computational load. Finally, we provide numerical results to evaluate the influence of different parameters on the system performance as well as verify the theoretical results.


The paper studies the laws of drag reduction in aerated lanlinar and turbulent pipe flows. Thetheoretical study indicates that the resistance aeratcd 11ow is smaller than the flows without air at the sameflow. rate. For turbulent flow drag reduction occurs only when the air concentration at the wall region ishigher than that at the center of the pipe. The concepts of density turbulence stress and viscosityturbulence stress are proposed in the paper.


Linking numbers, helicity integrals, twist, and writhe all describe the topology and geometry of curves and vector fields. The topology of the space the curves and fields live in, however, can affect the behaviour of these quantities. Here we examine curves and fields living in regions exterior to a sphere or in spherical shells. The winding of two curves need not be conserved because of the topology of a spherical shell. Avoiding the presence of magnetic monopoles inside the sphere is very important if magnetic helicity is to be a conserved quantity. Considerations of parallel transport are important in determining the transfer of helicity through the foot of a magnetic flux tube when it is in motion.


This paper aims to investigate the thermal behavior of a novel low-exergy system for office buildings. The main characteristic of the system is its ability to provide simultaneous heating and cooling by operating one water circuit. Inlet water temperature of about 22 °C is delivered to all the thermal zones in the building, no matter whether a single zone needs heating or cooling. This approach clearly differs from conventional systems where simultaneous heating and cooling is provided by two separated water circuits. A detailed model of the novel system was developed with Dymola, a modeling and simulation environment based on the Modelica programming language. The system was tested on two single office rooms. In order to evaluate potential energy savings, the energy performance of the novel system was compared with the one of a conventional system for three typical weeks during winter, spring and summer. Simulation results showed that the novel system was able to maintain comfortable levels of indoor air temperature in both rooms for all the three typical weeks. In addition, the novel system used approximately 35% and 7% less energy than the conventional system, respectively for the typical winter and spring week. No energy savings occurred during the summer week.


This is an expanded and updated version of a lecture series I gave at Seoul National University in September 1997. It is in some sense an update of the 1979 Griffiths and Harris paper with a similar title. I discuss:
Homogeneous varieties, Topology and consequences Projective differential invariants, Varieties with degenerate Gauss images, When can a uniruled variety be smooth?, Dual varieties, Linear systems of bounded and constant rank, Secant and tangential varieties, Systems of quadrics with tangential defects, Recognizing uniruled varieties, Recognizing intersections of quadrics, Recognizing homogeneous spaces, Complete intersections.
This is a preliminary version, so please send me comments, corrections and questions.


This paper conducts a multi-value Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) of the formal adoption and sustainability of minority protection rules in four new EU member states (Poland, Romania, Estonia, Latvia) over a twelve-year period including pre- and post-accession phases (1997-2008) and five minority protection related issue areas (non-discrimination, language use, education, citizenship, integration of Roma) based on four conditions (external incentives, government position, veto players, size of minorities), in order to investigate under which external and domestic conditions minority protection and non-discrimination measures are adopted, maintained or revoked in new member states before and after accession to the EU.


This paper combines multi-hop networking with single-hop cooperative communications. The solution is built upon the standard IEEE 802.11 protocol operating in the ad hoc mode. A simulation based comparison is carried out in order to evaluate the performance gains and benefit of cooperative communications applied to multi-hop networking. Preliminary results indicate that network performance in terms of both throughput and end-to-end delay improves. Additionally, cooperative communications increases robustness against uncertainties in the wireless channel.


Objective:Applying in vitro penetration and in vitro release experiment to research the behavior of dilivery and penetration of Xiaoer Fuxie Qitiegao(XEFXQTG),and to investigate the feasibility of exploitating XEFXQTG.Methods: Using Franz diffusion cell,D-800LS dissolution equipment and HPLC to determine psoralen,isopsoralen,and then to research XEFXQTG's penetration and in-vitro release.Results:The accumulated penetrated rate of psoralen and isopsoralen was 32.88% and 22.23%,respectively;XEFXQTG can release more than 90%in 8h,the rule of in-vitro release fit first-class model well,so the relsase rate of this drug coincidenced first-class equations.Conclusion:XEFXQTG had good property of in-vitro release and penetration,so this drug to be provided with favourable exploitation perspective.


The replacement of exposure tools with shorter wavelengths has been historically repeated to obtain increasingly high-quality images in lithography for the mass production of semiconductor devices. In this study, the latent image quality in chemically amplified extreme ultraviolet resists was theoretically investigated in terms of the chemical gradient (the gradient of protected unit concentration) and its dependence on resolution. Because of the effect of secondary electrons, no simple scaling law can be applied to the relationship between the resolution and chemical gradient below 32 nm half-pitch.


As a result of the university mergence,the library's various departments establishment is hard issue..How to solve the problems of various department mergence and establishment is quite dif- ficult issue.According to the actuality of library,setting about from the actual work and the future de- velopment of the library,the posts of library should be allocated scientifically so that the establishment of posts should be able to represents the performance of library's various businesses.


Short Description-The aim of this paper is to introduce the use of Arduino, an established tool in the development of applications and deployment of educational content, as of a course related to the introduction to robotics. Robotics requires several skills and competencies that can be easily developed with tools like Arduino. These skills and competencies are related to the areas of knowledge used for the development of robotic applications, such as computer science, electricity, electronics and mechanics. Throughout this paper we present Arduino, the resources used for the deployment of the course and the results obtained from the educational experiences carried out. The results of the educational robotics course demonstrate how children with previous experience in Scratch programming, skills and competencies with simple Crumble-based robots can continue the learning process through classroom experiences using Arduino. In this way, students can improve skills and competencies already worked with tools such as Scratch and Crumble. Another important observation from the results is that it is important to adapt the difficulty of the content to each child. Finally, it is important to combine theory and practice to include fun and intertwined tasks with the challenges of applying theory to problem solving.


The paper aims at assessing indicators and individual elements of e-government of selected countries in 2009-2010, and the interrelation of e-government with corruption in the public sector. The authors explore possible causal and dependency relations of the established interlink between e-government and public sector corruption. Although it is universally acknowledged that corruption is an evil, there is much debate over which determinants of corruption are important. Using econometric analysis for sizeable country samples the authors verified the closeness of interrelation between e-government indicators and ICT Development Index indicators, such as online services quality and ICT usage, on one hand, and the level of perceived public sector corruption, on the other hand. The major research papers were analyzed, along with international rankings and databases of international organizations. Based on the analysis recommendations for overcoming international e-government measurement constraints are put forward, as well as suggestions for future studies of the topic.


Introduction

Background

Policy and Legislation in the United States

National Bioethics Advisory Commission

Administration Policy

Federal Legislation

State Legislation

Regulation in the United States

Food and Drug Administration

Cloning Legislation in Other Nations

Countries With Existing Cloning Legislation Before Dolly Was Cloned

Countries That Passed Cloning Legislation in Response to the News of Dolly

Countries With Proposed Legislation to Prohibit Cloning

Policy Statements and Ethical Guidelines of International Organizations

Council of Europe

World Health Organization

United Nations Economic, Scientific, and Cultural Organization

Human Genome Organization

European Commission

Denver Summit of the Eight

Keywords:

cloning


Monitoring luminal esophageal temperatures (LETs) helps predict esophageal thermal lesions (ETLs) after catheter ablation. This study aimed to evaluate esophagus‐related complications after second‐generation cryoballoon ablation under simultaneous LETs monitoring from 2 esophageal probes.


A practical synthesis of chiral (-)-a-aminobenzolactam (2) is described. The target compound (2) was prepared from commercially available L-homophenylalanine ethyl ester hydrochloride (LHPE-HC1 1) with a highly enantiomeric purity (>98% e.e.) by employing simple nitration and hydrogenation-cyclization reactions.


For the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in the Large Electron-Positron Colliding Beam Accelerator (LEP) tunnel, a nonzero crossing angle is foreseen to avoid multiple collisions outside the interaction point. The coherent dipole oscillations induced by long-range beam-beam interactions for the LHC have been investigated. The two beams can suffer from long range beam-beam interactions during the time they are in one common vacuum chamber. These long range interactions can excite coherent beam-beam modes, and, due to the finite separation, they are in general nonlinear, leading to possible coherent resonances of a higher order. A computer simulation has been developed and was used to investigate this coherent beam-beam effect. Possible constraints on the LHC parameters are investigated and discussed.<<ETX>>


Paper-based biosensors are used in the field for their low cost and disposability. Their results are often Boolean, however quantitative results would improve derived outcomes. Devices exist which use colorimetry or spectroscopy to extract this data, however they are often bulky, expensive, and specific to the type of assay being performed. The aim of this project was to design a low-cost, portable, and easy to use image-sensing device to optically capture and log results from activated paper-based assays. Markings printed on the assays aid with detection of the assay type. This provides a system extensible to assays of various shapes and sizes. New assays can easily be created and uploaded to the device. Measurements can be taken from up to 30 cm away from the sensor. Once captured, the reaction areas are identified, and the colour intensities are measured to a resolution of 7 bits. Calibration curves are then used to convert these intensities to appropriate units.


College library is one of the college students'activity centers.It has a close relationship with the college students' quality-oriented education.Library functions as a place where college student sobtain their lifelong educational ability as well as a place for them to receive moral education an extent of the classroom education.Various means can be used in collge students' quality-oriented edudation such as enfcing the library document'resources building strenthening their ability in make full use of the present docrment index using multimedia technology and various instructive activities.


This hydromechatronical testing system is used for workload simulation while testing technological machines to determine their dynamic characteristics. The authors have described structure and principles of operation of the created equipment and equations of balances of the hydrostatic bearings of the slider. Also, boring bar and equations of motion of the boring bar have been formed in the article. Analytical and graphical dependences of motion of the slider and boring bar have been determined after entering digital data into the computer.


There is a method of treating an event provided that occurs in a nested virtualization data processing environment, where N hypervisors are executed nested, wherein a first hypervisor on the level zero (E0) runs directly on a host machine and other hypervisors interleaved on the planes E1 to En run. The method includes intercepting an event that is generated by software running on the level En, determining a hypervisor x on the plane Ex, which is intended for treating the trapped event, wherein the hypervisor x characteristics emulates the run the trapped event for the software are required which runs on the level Ln.


: As a basic study directed towards the synthesis of guanofosfocin analogues, a new class of nucleoside-carbohydrate hybrid has been prepared by glycosylation of 8-oxoadenosine derivatives with mannopyranosyl bromide in the presence of silver carbonate. The guanofosfocins are a novel family of chitin synthase inhibitor, isolated from the fermentation broths of Streptomyces sp . and Trichoderma sp . by Nippon Roche. 2 Despite of their potent inhibitory activity against Candida albicans CHS 2 , further investigation of these fascinating molecules has been hindered by their low stability. In addition to their role as promising therapeutic agents against fungous diseases, the guanofosfocins contain a highly distinctive three component structure, a central part of which is a unique glycosidic type bond between the 8-position of guanosine and a D -mannose moiety. As part of our ongoing search for stable analogues of guanofosfocins, we planned to establish a glycosylation approach for the preparation of 8-(mannosyloxy)purine nucleosides. The biological activity of such a nucleoside-carbohydrate hybrid is also of special interest. In this letter, we describe preliminary results of the glycosylation reaction using ready accessible purine substrates, 8-oxoadenosine derivatives. 3 In an earlier report on an alternate approach to 8-(glycosyloxy)purine nucleosides, 4 we disclosed that the hybrid products were easily hydrolysed under acidic conditions, affording 8-oxopurines. Hence, neutral or basic glycosylation conditions have to be adopted for their preparation. Although numerous methods have been developed for glycoside synthesis to date, 5 most of them require


Because of lack of aspect-oriented programing technology during the early stage of soft programing, this paper developed a method which combines the aspect-oriented programing technology with formal specification language. Aspect-oriented programing technology separates the different concerns of system.Formal specification language is a language based on logic and mathematics, so it is good to redundancy of ambiguity and reliability of system. This paper is going to extend the Object-Z to have the ability of aspect-oriented programing technology and use it to model the air traffic control system at the end.


The advances in the use and perfection of nitrous oxid anesthesia since the report of the Anesthesia Commission on this subject, at the meeting of 1908, seem to consist of the following: 1. The employment of this agent, with modifications, as the routine anesthetic in several of the large clinics of this country. 2. The demonstration clinically and experimentally of the advantages of nitrogen oxid and oxygen over ether, in the prevention of shock, the conservation of immunity and its value in the case of the handicapped patient (Crile). 3. The establishment of rebreathing of nitrous oxid and oxygen for two or three minute periods, as harmless and beneficial, with the great reduction in cost of this anesthetic (Gatch). It has already been shown that nitrous oxid is the safest of all anesthetics and the most pleasant to take; that it requires the shortest time for induction; that there is