Margaret Thatcher branded the leaders of the 1984-5 miners' strike as "the enemy within" - a furtive political clique out to undermine democracy and liberty. This book reveals the irony of Thatcher's accusation. For an "enemy within" was at work inside the National Union of Mineworkers. But it was not a force hell-bent on subversion of the British state. Quite the opposite - it was the secret service of the British state itself. This book follows the war waged by successive Tory governments against Britain's miners. It draws together the threads of a story which travels from Sheffield and London, to Moscow, Tripoli and Dublin, recounting the astonishing lengths to which the intelligence services were prepared to go in their most ambitious counter-subversion operation ever mounted. Drawing on access to sources and informants from all sides, the author exposes spying and dirty tricks against the NUM on an epic scale. Naming names and providing a wealth of never-before-published detail, Suemas Milne shows how MI5 was involved in a series of elaborate smears against Arthur Scargill and his closest associates, which drew in Labour politicians, Conservative minister and the media empire of Robert Maxwell. Running operations against the NUM was the woman who now presents the "new face" of MI5 - Stella Rimington.


We have developed a dual impedance-based probe that can simultaneously measure the bubble velocity and the gas volume fraction in length scales comparable to the bubble diameter. The accurate determination of the profiles is very important for comparisons with existing theories that describe the rheological behavior of bubbly liquids. The gas volume fraction is determined by the residence time of bubble within the measuring volume of the probe. We have found that the details of the bubble-probe interactions must be taken into account to obtain an accurate measure of the gas volume fraction at a point. We are able to predict the apparent nonlinear behavior of the gas volume fraction measurement at large concentrations. The bubble velocity is obtained from the cross correlation of the signals of two closely spaced identical probes. Performance tests and results are shown for bubble velocity and bubble concentration profiles in a gravity driven shear flow of a bubbly liquid.


Hash tables have been widely used in many applications, which need to return values corresponding to each input key. However, hash-based data structures have an intrinsic problem of collision, where different keys have the same index of a hash table. As the load factor of the hash table increases, the number of collisions increases. Elements that could not be stored because of the collision cause failures in returning values. Variant structures such as multi-hashing, cuckoo hashing, and d-left hashing have been studied, but none of the structures solve completely the collision problem. In this paper, we claim that a functional Bloom filter can replace a hash table. While the hash table requires to store each input key itself or the signature of each input key in addition to the return value, the functional Bloom filter can store the return value only, since different combinations of Bloom filter indexes can work as the signature of each input key. Performance evaluation results show that the functional Bloom filter is more efficient than hash-based data structures in storing more number of elements into a fixed size memory and hence in producing less failures.


A new idea of scaling for transient phenomena near the instability point is proposed. This scaling theory is based on a generalized scale transformation of time and is very useful in discussing the relaxation and fluctuation in non-equilibrium systems near the asymptotically unstable point. The whole range of time is divided into three regions: the initial regime in which the ordinary £-expansion is valid, the scaling regime in which the fluctuation enhance ment occurs and the evolution equations of scaling functions are obtained, and the final regime in which the system approaches the equilibrium state. As an example, the relaxation of the nonlinear Fokker-Planck equation is studied by the help of the present scaling theory. The possibility of applications of this general theory to various kinds of transient phenomena near the instability point is pointed out.


Utilising Earth System Models (ESMs) for numerical experiments in climate research is undoubted a complex task for many scientists and any attempt to overcome the complexity is welcome. The ESM-Tools constitute such an attempt and the list of supported models, components, configurations, and research groups testifies that the approach has successfully used for a wide range of use cases. The article gives, in more than one respect, a good overview about the concept, implementation, and usage of the ESM-Tools. As such, the topic is very relevant and well within the scope of the GMD journal.


Cathode material Li3V2(PO4)3 for Lithium-ion battery was synthesized by combination of ball milling and carbothermal reduction,using citric acid,glucose and sucrose as carbon sources,respectively.The reaction mechanism of synthesis process was determined by TG-DTA analysis.Influences of different carbon sources on physical and electrochemical performances of as-prepared materials were also characterized through XRD,SEM and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests,etc.The results show that carbon sources had significant influences on morphology and electrochemical properties of Li3V2(PO4)3.All products had single phase crystal structures of Li3V2(PO4)3.With citric acid as carbon source,products had better electrochemical properties,the initial specific discharge capacities reached 153.0 mAh·g-1 and 130.6 mAh·g-1 at 0.1 C and 1 C rates,and capacity retentions were 95.0% and 96.63% after 50 cycles,respectively.


AIISTlI.ACT. The oldest fossi l rnygalomorph $pidcr. from the Anisia n Ores Ii. Voll zia of the northern Vosges, France. is described lIS Rosom) 'galf> grOUI'Og/'/i gen. c\ sp. nov. TIle spider exhibits mainly plesiomorphic characters. II is a tuberculote (Sl'Il.I" Ra\'cn 1985) and is pla~ in the Hualh<'lidac, \\';I n some reserva ti ons. A ground-dwellin g spider. RO$omygale was an integra l pan of the halophilous (crmaria] biota of the lime. The spiders became entombed in the wei sediment or desiccatinll pools. The presence or a primi tive lubcrculolc on the sout hern margins of the a-chslcin Sea in Ihe Middle T riassic is evidence for II pan -I'angacan distribut ion of the Myga lomorptollc prior 10 the break-up of the supcn:ontir.en \. REsu~


Presents a deformation analysis of the heart walls. The authors use a thin plate spline representation of the surface which has several advantages. This parametric representation is obtained through a regularization process to restrict the space of possible solutions. It is viewpoint independent and allows a surface to be defined by a limited number of control points. The distributions of two curvature indices, which are easily computed from the analytic formulation, characterize the surface locally. Experiments on 3D data of the left ventricle of a dog's heart show the reliability of the computed curvatures and will be helpful in the assessment of the local deformations.<<ETX>>


Wikipedia is based on user-generated content, in other words, anyone with internet access can write and make changes to its articles, hence the information quality of the encyclopedias is often criticized. Therefore, assigning the correct class of quality to Wikipedia articles is crucial for the experience of both authors and readers when using this large repository of information. In this paper, we present an approach relying on deep neural networks for this problem, our experiments consisted of testing three different models to achieve the best possible result. The first one using a conventional deep learning architecture and the other two using sets of semantically related quality indicators (aka, views) to better exploit their different properties, thus improving the final prediction. Finally, we compared our results with the state-of-the-art method (Support Vector Regression with views), achieving similar results with the possibility of improvement.


Through studying on the principle and design of the shape accuracy detecting system,and combining with image processing technique,the shape accuracy detecting system was designed.This system based on the straight rod optical fiber endoscope,CCD camera,computer data acquisition card,and image processing system.And the system debugging was also completed.Debugging result shows that the detecting result is stable and reliable,this system overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional detecting methods.


Glasses in the system of Sm2O3-Gd2O3-MoO3-B2O3-BaO are prepared, and structural changes are induced by irradiations of continuous wave Nd: YAG laser with a wavelength of λ=1064 nm. The optical absorption coefficient of Sm3+ ions at λ=1064 nm in the glasses is found to increase linearly with increasing Sm2O3 contents, and it is clarified that the Sm2O3 content in the glasses must be at least more than 6 mol% in order to induce crystallization under laser irradiations with powers less than P=1 W. The lines patterned by laser irradiations with P=0.8 W and a scanning speed of S=2.5 μm/s consist of a mixture of paraelectric α-SmxGd2-x(MoO4)3 and nonlinear optical β'-SmxGd2-x(MoO4)3 crystals. The formation of only β'-SmxGd2-x(MoO4)3 crystals is confirmed in the lines patterned at P=0.83 W. Although the addition of BaO increases largely the thermal stability against crystallization, the line patterning behavior is not affected significantly at least in the present laser irradiation conditions.


A non-restrictive automatic weight measuring apparatus and method are provided to automatically measure the weight of a user and manage a variation in the weight of the user by using a weight management module. A non-restrictive automatic weight measuring apparatus includes at least one load cell(100), a weight measurement module(200) for reading a measured value from the load cell and measuring a weight value while a user does not recognize the measurement, and a weight decision module(300) for receiving the measured weight value, confirming whether the time when the weight value is measured corresponds to a predetermined weight measuring time and whether the weight value satisfies a minimum weight and obtains at least one median satisfying the confirmation to decide a new weight of the user.


Part 1 The "situated action" approach: the new "Black Box" everyday situations circumstances, plans and situated actions decision-making, appropriateness and identity. Part 2 How a shared meaning is developed: the social context as symbolic order and social norms technological and normative artifacts as embodied projects. Part 3 New environments of cooperation and communication: computer-supported cooperative work computer-mediated communication virtual environments and the development of possible selves. Conclusions - electronic communication, social context and virtual identities.


Twenty-two patients with myeloma refractory to alkylating agents received the VAD regimen (vincristine, adriamycine by continuous infusion during 4 days, and high dose dexamethasone) (Barlogie 1984). Sixteen patients were improved with good response in 10. Six out of 9 patients, who had previously received vincristine and adriamycine in other ways, were improved. The VAD regimen is highly toxic and requires careful management of infectious complications. Nevertheless, it appears to be more effective in these refractory myelomas than other types of combined chemotherapy.


The invention relates to a selenazole acid compound as shown in the formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, aquo-complex and solvate, and provides a preparation method of the compound and an application of the compound in preparation of a medicine for treating and preventing hyperuricemia and medicines for treating gout, arthritis or cardiac failure caused by hyperuricemia. The definition of the substituent group of M in the formula I is the same with the definition in the specification.


In the today's world wherein every routine is based on economic factors, there is no doubt that theoretical sciences are driven by their capabilities and affordances in terms of economy. As a mathematical tool, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is provided to economics, so that one can investigate associated costs, prices and revenues of economic units. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a linear programming technique used for measuring the relative efficiency of decision making units based on input and output data. One of the applications of this technique is calculation of  revenue efficiency. Methods of revenue efficiency calculation in DEA are generally presented for obtaining maximum revenue from output selling, these methods are not sufficiently efficient for evaluation of all system including network systems due to ignoring the internal structure of units and their middle products. Therefore, in this article, in addition to introduction of inverse linear programming in DEA and its application in calculating   revenue efficiency, a new method is presented which considers the network structure of units, the ability to determine the optimal price and appropriate costs for efficiency of the unit. The proposed numerical examples demonstrated the superiority of the proposed methods over the traditional data envelopment analyses.


This paper explores the benefits of benchmarking in voluntary non-profit organizations. The principal benefit is argued to be that of serving as a management tool to promote organizational learning. A case study illustrating some of the key issues associated with the adoption of benchmarking at the Royal Blind Society of New South Wales is presented to illustrate how the technique enhances organizational learning.


The index system of the well-off society is dynamic.The syncretism of the index of community Informationalization to index system of well-off society is a sign of the development of social value standard.Community Informationalization plays an important role in building well-off society,so effective measures should be taken to achieve the syncretism.


Retinal angiogenesis is an angle of new blood vessels on retinal surface. This neovascularization condition within the eye contributes to visual loss. Commonest cause of this condition includes diabetes, retinopathy of prematurity, retinal vein occlusion, etc. A variety of endothelial cell growth factors have been identified as a responsible factor and previous studies report that marine metabolites are promising molecules against retinal angiogenesis. Based on the background information collected, the present study focused to insight the anti-angiogenesis effect of metabolites present in marine algae. Findings of CAM assay suggested that the extract obtained from the marine algae Dictayota dichotoma are effective against angiogenesis. Keywords: Retinal angiogenesis, marine algae, CAM model, anti-angiogenesis Cite this Article Subramanian, Kishorekumar, Rajakumar Sundaram et al. Marine Algal Secondary Metabolites Promising Anti-Angiogenesis Factor against Retinal Neovascularization in CAM Model. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Life Sciences. 2018; 8(1): 19–25p.


Quantum systems display properties that are unknown for classical ones, such as the superposition of quantum states, interference, or tunneling. These are all one-particle effects that can be observed in quantum systems, which are composed of a single particle. But these are not the only distinctions between classical and quantum objects – there are further differences that manifest themselves in composite quantum systems, that is, systems that are comprised of at least two subsystems. It is the correlations between these subsystems that give rise to an additional distinction from classical systems, whereas correlations in classical systems can always be described in terms of classical probabilities; this is not always true in quantum systems. Such non-classical correlations lead to apparent paradoxes like the famous Einstein Podolsky Rosen scenario [1] that might suggest, on the first glance, that there is remote action in quantum mechanics. States that display such non-classical correlations are referred to as entangled states, and it is the aim of this chapter to introduce the basic tools that allow to understand the nature of such states, to distinguish them from those that are classically correlated, and to quantify non-classical correlations.


Membrane‐type metalloproteinase‐l (MTI‐MMP) is a transmembrane metalloproteinase, which activates pro‐gelatinase A. There has been disagreement as to whether the cell types expressing MTI‐MMP are cancer cells or stromal fibroblasts. Using human gastrointestinal carcinomas, the present study disclosed the tissue localization of MTI‐MMP mRNA by in situ hybridization and ultrastructural localization of its protein by immunoelectron microscopy. In normal colon and stomach tissues, MTI‐MMP mRNA and protein were negative or faintly positive both in epithelial cells and in stromal fibroblasts, except in the fundic gland of the stomach, which showed the positivity for MTI‐MMP. In contrast, gastrointestinal cancer tissue showed over‐expression of MTI‐MMP mRNA and protein both in cancer cells and in stromal cells (fibroblasts). Stromal fibroblasts also expressed mRNA for gelatinase A and type‐l procollagen. Double immunohistochemistry revealed that macrophages were also positive for MTI‐MMP. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that MTI‐MMP was localized along the plasma membrane of cancer cells and macrophages and in rough endoplasmic reticulum of fibroblasts. The present study reveals a dual over‐expression pattern of MTI‐MMP both in cancer cells and in stromal fibroblasts; the expression in cancer cells may be related to the invasive growth, whereas that in fibroblasts may be related to the tissue remodeling process caused by invasive growth of cancer cells. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Operation of a novel three‐terminal resonant tunneling device which consists of an AlGaAs/GaAs modulation‐doped structure grown on top of an AlAs/GaAs double‐barrier resonant tunneling heterostructure has been demonstrated. In this device, the drain‐to‐source voltage is used to directly control the bias across a resonant tunneling structure, while the gate voltage controls the number of carriers available for the tunneling process by modulating the density of carriers in a two‐dimensional electron gas. Device operation is demonstrated at 80 K as well as room temperature with peak current densities of 420 A/cm2 and peak‐to‐valley ratios as high as 5:1. Operation into the hundred gigahertz range is predicted for an optimized device structure.


The invention relates to a resistance chromatography imager based on micro electrode, and relative micro-cut measurement, wherein it uses micro electrode to span the horny layer with high resistance; it can replace traditional surface electrode, to be used as current activator and sensor to sense voltage signal; the measured signal via magnification and filter is input into PC to be processed and displayed via gray diagram or colorful diagram, to represent the resistance distribution. The invention can reduce the effect of skin resistance in current activation and voltage signal collection, with high signal-noise ratio and reduced error, to improve the calculation accuracy and image resolution.


We study a particular group law on formal power series in non-commuting variables induced by their interpretation as linear forms on a suitable graded connected word Hopf algebra. This group law is left-linear and is therefore associated to a pre-Lie structure on formal power series. We study these structures and show how they can be used to recast in a group theoretic form various identities and transformations on formal power series that have been central in the context of non-commutative probability theory, in particular in Voiculescu's theory of free probability.


Abstract : The Endangered Species Act, 1973 as amended, requires military installations to protect endangered birds and their habitats. Installations must fulfill their military training mission while limiting the associated impacts on birds. Currently, efforts to protect birds are hampered by a lack of knowledge about the actual and potential effects of military maneuvers. This literature review examines reports of the effects of military activities on birds and the effects of certain maneuver-like recreational and natural-resource activities that produce disturbances similar to those induced by troop and mechanized movements. Direct and indirect (habitat) effects are discussed, with emphasis on whether activities impacted avian behavior, reproduction, and community structure. The quality of existing information is summarized in terms of its value for establishing causal relations. The types of information needed are identified so installations can meet their dual responsibilities of effectively training combat troops and protecting endangered birds.


Both in the industrialised and developing world, moves are afoot for the decentralisation of government in the hope of improving the performance of the public sector. Such moves toward "devolution" are justified both in political terms as a means to bring policy making closer to the people to enhance democratic processes, and in economic terms as a way to adapt public outputs to local tastes and circumstances. But the real issue here cannot be one simply of centralisation versus decentralisation. The public sector by necessity involves different levels of decision making, and the question here involves the proper alignment of functions and policy instruments among the different levels of government. This, incidentally, encompasses not only fiscal structure, but regulatory prerogatives as well. Our objective is to determine the vertical structure of the public sector that can enable it to function most effectively.


We discuss a general formula which allows to automatically reproduce experimental data for Majorana neutrino mass models, while keeping the complete set of the remaining model parameters free for general scans, as necessary in order to provide reliable predictions for observables outside the neutrino sector. We provide a proof of this master parametrization and show how to apply it for several well-known neutrino mass models from the literature. We also discuss a list of special cases, in which the Yukawa couplings have to fulfill some particular additional conditions.


A common worry expressed about the use of pharmacological cognitive enhancements such as Modafinil and Ritalin is that using them constitutes cheating (Fukuyama 2002; henderson 2008). Those who enhance in this way are better placed to beat their unenhanced peers to the top educational qualifications and jobs; accordingly, enhancing is unfair. Is this worry justi-fied?The worry about cheating is often bound up with other worries about enhancement. These include concerns about safety, addictiveness, and acces-sibility. These concerns can be addressed independently of the concern about cheating, and so, to avoid complicating matters, let us assume that cognitive enhancement is safe to use, that it is non-addictive, and that it is accessible to everyone, not just the rich. ought we still to be worried about the fairness of cognitive enhancement? Well, in the absence of these ancillary concerns, one of the issues that remain is that those who choose not to enhance will be at a disadvantage, left behind in the race for the best qualifications and jobs by their enhanced peers. Is this fair? Should people be free to use drugs like Modafinil and Ritalin to get ahead, or should education authorities and employers ban such enhancement, perhaps introducing urine tests to ensure that this ban is enforced, as cambridge neuroscientist Sir Gabriel horn has recently been quoted to suggest (henderson 2008)?We can start with a terminological point. Whether or not the use of cogni-tive enhancement drugs constitutes cheating depends on whether the use of such drugs is forbidden in the rules of the game. currently, the rules to which students and employees must adhere typically forbid activities like plagia-rism, forging references, and lying about one's educational and employment history—and those students and employees who break these rules can expect to be punished. Rules against the use of cognitive enhancement drugs are not currently widespread. ought they to be?The answer to this question depends on what we think is more important: a level playing field on which students and employees can compete equally for


Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease characterized by blistering and erosions on skin and mucous
membranes due to acantholysis. It is the second most common chronic bullous dermatosis; next to bullous
pemphigoid. The use of corticosteroids since the 1950s has reduced the mortality from 60% - 90% to about
30%, but it still carries signifi cant morbidity. The mainstay of treatment even today remains to be corticosteroids
with or without other adjuvant therapies such as immunosuppressive agents, anti-infl ammatory agents and
immunomodulatory drugs. This paper emphasizes on popular adjuvant therapies that can help achieve long term
remission even in case of recalcitrant lesions of pemphigus vulgaris.


Pharmaceutical industry is knowledge based and technology keeps on upgrading itself. The process of innovation is long and time consuming. There is a constant need for upgrading the technology. This results in growing need of protection of innovations. The Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) Agreement was born to protect the interests of the industry, trade and services. The major cause of concern in the health area in India is the vast population, which now exceeds 1,000 million. HIV/AIDS, which has emerged as one of the most serious public health problems in the country, has made countless victims. In mid 2001, the total number of HIV cases was around 3.97 million, which has now reached the level of more than 5 million. HIV/AIDS is also accompanied by social stigma, which leads to other social and psychological problems. Because of this reason, detection of such cases and timely treatment becomes rather difficult. To overcome this problem, creating community awareness is being emphasized. To eliminate leprosy, an rigorous media campaign was launched due to which the prevalence rate declined from 57 % per 10,000 population in 1981 to 3.74 cases per 10,000 population in March 2001. The objective was to reach elimination at national level by 2004. As regards activities under the revised national tuberculosis control programme the population coverage increased from 120 million to more than 440 million in 2001 with the help of a World Bank assisted project. The government is planning to expand its coverage to 700 million population. The scope of the Patents (Amendment) Ordinance, 2004 and the Patents (Amendment) Act, 2005 will be tested in the coming days, along with success of the various schemes of the Government of India like the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). India's commitment to ensure Right to Health for all its citizens should not be ruled out. Comparison of International Prices vis-à-vis Indian Prices: Some Selected Products Retail Prices in India and Wholesale Prices in Other Countries Considered (Prices converted into Indian Rupees) Drugs, Dosage and Pack Prices in India (Rs.) Prices in Pakistan (Rs.) Prices in Indonesia (Rs.) Prices in UK (Rs.) Prices in USA (Rs.) Antiinfectives Ciproflaxin HCL 500 mg 10's tabs 29.00 423.86 393.0


ABSTRACT A combined method including immunoensyme procedure and mathematical-statistic analysis is proposed for comparative quantitative evaluation of biological-taxonomic similarity of animals. The proposed method is based on quantitative measurement of the degree of antigen difference of homologous proteins or protein mixtures in compared taxonomic units. The data of enzyme-bound immunosorbent reaction are statistically processed using multidimensional group analysis. The obtained results are terminologically interpreted to assess the biological-taxonomic similarity of investigated organisms. The application of this method in zoological systematic is especially effective in examination of the degree of biological similarity of taxons with morphologically alike phenotypes, for which the interpretation of results obtained by traditional methods is difficult and poorly informative.


In this paper,the function and property as well as design requirement of highly flexible couplings are elaborated, and design feature and development survey of the several couplings with typical shape and application of the couplings on ships are introduced, and their tendency of progress for the future is analysed.


North of the New York Botanical Garden, near the Mosholu Parkway in the Bronx, the NW-SE-trending Mosholu Parkway fault offsets the Bronx River valley (a NNE-SSW-trending strike-valley lowland underlain by the Inwood Marble) from the Webster Avenue lowland (another NNE-SSW valley also underlain by the Inwood Marble). The Amtrak-Metro North railway follows these two lowlands. Just at the point of offset of the marble lowland, the Bronx River leaves its former wide NNE-SSW-trending strike-valley lowland and occupies a narrow NS-trending gorge, here named the Snuff Mill gorge, cut across the more-resistant Hartland Formation (the "gneiss" of Kemp, 1897 and "Manhattan Schist" of Schuberth 1968 and many others). In Kemp's words:


Covetic aluminum has been researched for its mechanical properties. It has been credited with higher strength in tensile and fatigue loading [1,2]. Modest changes in temperature during tensile testing of covetic aluminum causes significant changes in the ductility and tensile strength. Increasing the temperature from 15 °C to 44 °C causes a decrease in the tensile strength down to 63.8% but an increase in the ductility up to 117% [3]. To further study the environmental effects, microtensile testing was carried out in an environmentally-controlled chamber using a hybrid microtester at high and low relative humidity. MEMS-scale dog-bone shaped specimens with a cross section of 200x250 microns were machined from bulk covetic aluminum using a CNC for milling their contours and a ram-type EDM for detaching them from the work piece. The chamber was purged with gases low or high in moisture maintaining a positive pressure. An Omega sensorcontroller unit was used to regulate the temperature and relative humidity of the chamber. The results of the tests show a reduction of ductility at high relative humidity. The implications of the results are discussed in relation to the reliability of MEMS structures.


It is hardly a matter for comment that the Authorised Version of the Bible is today available from the Cambridge University Press in a multiplicity of forms. What may not be so well appreciated is that the practice of producing the Bible in various forms goes back to the seventeenth century indeed, to the very first printing of the Authorised Version at Cambridge, in 1629. Today's multiplicity is in a sense deceptive, since the 180-or-so forms1 result for the most part from variations in binding variations in material, colour and style. If binding variants are removed from the reckoning, along with variants which result from the two Testaments being sometimes bound up with the Apocrypha, Scottish Metrical Psalms or a concordance, we are left with 1 1 distinct editions : four without references (in Amethyst, Minion, Brevier and English), seven with references (in Crystal, Compact, Sapphire, Cameo, Concord, Turquoise and Pica), each edition being printed on only one type of paper, either india or Bible. The elimination of publisher's bindings and 'bound withs' produces a basis for comparison with the varieties of Bible available from the Cambridge press in earlier centuries ; the result of that comparison is to suggest that there has probably always been such a variety. For most of the second half of the eighteenth century, for example, the Bible was available from the Cambridge press in editions in folio, quarto, octavo and duodecimo, and within these common formats (excluding folio) in different settings, resulting in 'large' and 'small' subvarieties. Also, within each edition exemplars might be printed on two or more qualities of paper, the distinctions being sometimes signalled by the different prices printed between the rules at the foot of the title page. The major point of contrast between seventeenthand eighteenthcentury editions and those of today is that whereas today's editions are printed on homogeneous paper those of the earlier centuries were often printed on discrete papers, thereby constituting distinct issues.2 In other words, whereas various markets are catered for today by size and binding, in earlier centuries they were catered for by format and paper quality.3 The existence of exemplars on various qualities of paper within an edition may be revealed by advertisements.4 For the 1629 Cambridge folio there is the testimony of Michael Sparke : in his Scintilla, or Л bight broken into darke Warehouses ; 1641,5 he speaks of the 'Cambridge Large


The study is devoted to the analysis of the financial stability of companies in the third sector of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) using the models of Du Pont, Altman, Lis and Sayfullin-Kadykov on the example of enterprises in the Novgorod region. Bankruptcy is a situation in which a legal entity or individual is unable to pay off its existing debt. The relevance of this topic is determined by the fact that due to the complex epidemiological situation, the threat of bankruptcy has now become a reality for a large number of companies around the world. That is why an important task is to maintain the company's solvency and strengthen its financial independence, which will ensure long-term sustainable growth of the company in the market and avoid its liquidation. To solve this problem, the authors carry out modeling of the financial stability and solvency of companies. At the end of the analysis, there are reserves for increasing and ways to improve the financial condition of companies in the third sector of the agro-industrial complex in the region.


With the possibility and necessity of the campaign to promote children reading as the penetration point,this paper has discussed the indispensable role of the libraries in promotion of children's reading.Specific performance of its creating relaxed atmosphere for reading,building of a wide range of reading resources,inspiring children's feeling of reading,training of traditional reading habits,recommending books to promote reading,using family model and school model for reading,etc.


This paper briefly introduces the basic principle of ground penetrating radar(GPR)for detection,and through the GPR method to the precast concrete model,shows the different judgment to defects and further pointed out the limitation and applicability to GPR testing.


PRINCIPLES as to what constiJL tutes fair and equitable taxation are derived, not from theory, but from the traditions, the customs and the standard of justice of a people. American experience has worked out the following principles as to taxation: 1. Taxes are levied on the basis of ability to pay. The time was when taxes were shifted from those in ruling power who were able to pay to those without ruling power who were least able to pay. American practice, however, has accepted in full the principle of ability to pay as a test for fair taxes.


For every smooth (irreducible) cubic surface S we give an explicit construction of a representative for each of the 72 equivalence classes of determinantal representations. Equivalence classes (under GL3 × GL3 action by left and right multiplication) of determinantal representations are in one to one correspondence with the sets of six mutually skew lines on S and with the 72 (two-dimensional) linear systems of twisted cubic curves on S. Moreover, if a determinantal representation M corresponds to lines (a1,. .. , a6) then its transpose M t corresponds to lines (b1,. .. , b6) which together form a Schläfli's double-six a 1 ...a 6 b 1 ...b 6. We also discuss the existence of self-adjoint and definite determinantal representation for smooth real cubic surfaces. The number of these representations depends on the Segre type Fi. We show that a surface of type Fi, i = 1, 2, 3, 4 has exactly 2(i − 1) nonequivalent self-adjoint determinantal representations none of which is definite , while a surface of type F5 has 24 nonequivalent self-adjoint determinantal representations, 16 of which are definite.


A two-dimensional dimensional dynamic recrystallization model during warm deformation is built with cellular automaton.The dynamic recrystallization process of hot deformation is simulated.The microstructure of hot deformed metal and the size and distribution of deformed grain could be obtained using this model,and then the character of dynamic recrystallization microstructure is presented.The simulated results agree well with experiment results,and the effect of hot working parameter on dynamic recrystallization is analyzed.


After the financial crisis,the scholars both from China and abroad have conducted a more in-depth study on how to measure systemic risk of banking industry.This paper uses the methods of index system to measure systemic risk in the USA's banking industry,and explores the impact factors of China's banking systemic risk using CoVaR measure.Empirical studies have shown that the USA's banking systemic risk varies greatly,which is consistent with the development trend of financial crisis.In China,the banking systemic risk is still manageable,but it will be affected by many indicators,such as the market risk and yield of individual banks,non-performing loan ratio,leverage ratio,economic growth rate and so on.So the supervision should be strengthened to prevent the outbreak of systemic risk.


once too sketchy to be of use to the scholar and too detailed to be informative for the general reader. Notably absent is an introductory chapter explaining the nature of pietism and the many diverse forms it assumed. The reader is left to deduce this from individual articles. Chapters vary greatly in length, style, and depth of treatment. Oddly, the shortest space (21 pages) is devoted to one of the largest and most influential denominations, the Lutherans, while the longest (49 pages) is given over to the relatively unimportant Mennonites. Despite the book's title, the bulk of its material centers around the history of American pietistic sects. European connections are given, catalogue style, through undeveloped lists of ecclesiastical figures and their works, marooning the reader in a sea of unfamiliar names. In an epilogue, Stoeffler states that the purpose of the book was to refute "the thesis of our almost exclusive national indebtedness to the Puritan tradition." Instead, he claims, pietism was the source of such peculiarly American Protestant traits as evangelism, experiential religion, biblical emphasis, social concern, and hymnody. He concludes: ". . . the Pietist tradition, along with others, has not only influenced the American churches, but through them American life and institutions in general. No longer can Puritanism be regarded, for instance, as the major source of democratic ideas." Unfortunately, the contents of this book do not warrant such a sweeping conclusion. Not only do the authors fail to document any impact exercised by pietistic sects on American institutions, they fail, for the most part, to demonstrate much impact on each other. Moreover, Stoeffler has completely ignored the pietistic puritanism of Jonathan Edwards and the Great Awakening which could equally well be advised as the major result of pietistic influences in America. Clearly a case can be made that middle-colony pietists contributed more to the national heritage than is generally recognized. Just as clearly, Stoeffler's book fails to make this case.


Basic idea of this essay is related to development of print media in the future and their applicability in practice through a new type of organizational structure. This study is directed to integrated editorials which combine at least two platforms: print and online. The essay describes various levels of the integration process for various levels of cross-media production as well as the process of its applicability. As a result, we take into consideration
transnational comparison of a number of case studies through analysis matrix and comparison of integrated editorials. The matrix refers to four main areas in the development of the process of media applicability: the volume of project, editorial management, journalistic practice and organization of work. According to this matrix, there are three models of applicability of the integration project on editorial: complete integration, crossmedia and coordination of the isolated platforms.
The aim of this essay is to present a new model of media organization, which leads to a question for how long the old organizational models in media will be able to preserve the quality of their daily newspapers. The novelty which will be analyzed in this essay is the applicability of the new way of media reporting as well as the new direction of print media development.


Cervical disc arthroplasty is a motion-preserving procedure that is an alternative to fusion. The goals are to maintain cervical motion, reduce adjacent segment degeneration and eliminate nonunion. Disc replacement was developed to primarily treat neural compressive disorders such as radiculopathy and possibly myelopathy. The number of implants available is growing rapidly. Studies of in vitro wear testing have claimed substantially less wear for cervical implants than that seen with prosthetic hips and knees. Short-term clinical results after decompression and cervical disc replacement for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy are encouraging. Prospective, randomized trials are lacking. Cervical disc replacement is an innovative technology that preserves motion at the instrumented levels and will potentially improve load transfer to the adjacent levels compared with fusion. Clinical reports of success of cervical total disc replacement are encouraging but also quite preliminary. As time progresses, a clearer role for the place of cervical disc replacement should emerge.


Many long‐standing technologies embody the ability to locate and track people. During the last couple of decades of the twentieth century, new technologies have been developed which greatly increase those capabilities. The nature of these technologies is described, and the processes identified whereby they are being applied to the serious detriment of civil freedoms. Implications are drawn for technology‐using organisations, for technology providers, for standards developers, for policy makers, and for privacy and data protection commissioners.


The synthesis of inorganic pyrophosphate by the mitochondria of Endomyces magnusii was found to be coupled with respiration. The mitochondria of E. magnusii can utilize the energy of the phosphoanhydride bond of inorganic pyrophosphate for the synthesis of ATP. The study with inhibitors suggests the participation of inorganic pyrophosphatase and ATPase in this process.


Supporting multilingualism is emphasized in the current curricula of early childhood education in Finland. This article reports an analysis of the educators' experiences of multilingualism and language aware practices. The data consists of a questionnaire addressed to the personnel (n = 86) working in a multilingual child groups, and it was analyzed using data-driven content analysis. The article focuses on the challenges and joys that the multilingual environment has brought to the educators, as well as on the findings that the perceived challenges and joys reveal about the shifts in the notions of multilingualism and language learning. The results


Physical activity is important to improve an individual's overall well-being. Digital interventions as they use Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), have shown success in promoting physical activity (PA) in people of all ages. This work discusses the design of an AR gamified mobile application prototype for promoting physical activity in young adults. The application (app), "The Journey" aims to promote PA in young adults' users while they explore various touristic sites and also acquire virtual assets. This is achievable at a low cost to users by using smartphones-based AR app to tour any location of interest from the comfort of their home or outdoor. Each user's step count tracked via mobile device is used to help them navigate the location of interest. The findings from our evaluation of 29 people show that The Journey has the potential to motivate people to improve their PA both indoors and outdoors.


Eight-channel thin-film-waveguide WDM optical interconnect device with free-space-wave add-drop multiplexers consisting of focusing grating couplers (FGCs) and distributed Bragg reflectors was demonstrated for the first time by improvement of the FGC coupling efficiency.


The Raman spectra of non-polymerized and photo-polymerized fullerene films of various polymerization degrees were studied at 5 K in the 250–1590 cm−1 range. It was found that the Raman spectra of non-polymerized film display splitting of the lines corresponding to Ag and Hg vibrational modes of free C60 molecule which is induced by the crystal field of the low-temperature phase. The Raman spectra of photo-polymerized films at low temperatures exhibit pronounced lines corresponding to Ag(2) vibrations of monomers, dimers and linear chains. Based on the analysis of the spectra of photo-polymerized films of various polymerization degrees (∼45, ∼85, and ∼95%), the spectrum evolution in the region of molecular modes of fullerene was studied vs. polymerization degree. It was found that in the films with high polymerization degree (∼85 and ∼95%), the linear polymer chains dominate while in the film with lower polymerization degree (∼45%) the dimers are dominant. An increase of polymerization degree entails a significant frequency increase (∼2.8 cm−1) of Ag(2) mode of the fullerene monomer induced by changes in its environment upon the transition from non-polymerized to photo-polymerized films. Such a shift was not observed for the lines corresponding to the fullerene photopolymer.The Raman spectra of non-polymerized and photo-polymerized fullerene films of various polymerization degrees were studied at 5 K in the 250–1590 cm−1 range. It was found that the Raman spectra of non-polymerized film display splitting of the lines corresponding to Ag and Hg vibrational modes of free C60 molecule which is induced by the crystal field of the low-temperature phase. The Raman spectra of photo-polymerized films at low temperatures exhibit pronounced lines corresponding to Ag(2) vibrations of monomers, dimers and linear chains. Based on the analysis of the spectra of photo-polymerized films of various polymerization degrees (∼45, ∼85, and ∼95%), the spectrum evolution in the region of molecular modes of fullerene was studied vs. polymerization degree. It was found that in the films with high polymerization degree (∼85 and ∼95%), the linear polymer chains dominate while in the film with lower polymerization degree (∼45%) the dimers are dominant. An increase of polymerization degree entails a sig...


We investigate the \textit{group irregularity strength} ($s_g(G)$) of graphs, i.e. the smallest value of $s$ such that taking any Abelian group $\gr$ of order $s$, there exists a function $f:E(G)\rightarrow \gr$ such that the sums of edge labels at every vertex are distinct. We give the exact values and bounds on $s_g(G)$ for chosen families of disconnected graphs. In addition we present some results for the \textit{modular edge gracefulness} $k(G)$, i.e. the smallest value of $s$ such that there exists a function $f:E(G)\rightarrow \zet_s$ such that the sums of edge labels at every vertex are distinct.


The recently published memoirs of Bukharin's widow radically challenge two classic sources on Soviet history: the "Letter of an Old Bolshevik," later revealed to have been based on Bukharin's conversations with Boris Nicolaevsky in Paris in 1936; and Lidia Dan's account of Bukharin's visit to her husband during the same period. Anna Mikhailovna Bukharina's accusations are so far reaching that they deserve careful examination.' Nikolai Bukharin, former head of the Comintern and the bolshevik to whom Lenin had referred as the favorite son of the party, arrived in Paris in March 1936. As leader of the defeated right opposition in the bolshevik party, Bukharin was no longer at the pinnacle of power. However, he was still the editor-in-chief of Izvestiia and his prestige as a bolshevik theoretician stood very high at home and abroad. The purpose of his trip was to assist in the purchase of the Marx-Engels archive, held by exiled German Social Democrats and sought by Moscow. Representing the Germans was Boris Nicolaevsky, de facto curator of the archives, a noted historian and a member of the exiled Russian menshevik leadership. The negotiations dragged on fruitlessly for two months. During that time Bukharin was joined in Paris by his young and pregnant bride (she was twenty-two at the time, twenty-six years younger than her husband) who has survived to now give us her nemnoirs. Within months of their return home, Bukharin was arrested and would soon be tried and shot. Madame Bukharina paid dearly for her brief period of conjugal happiness: she was separated from her infant son and spent over twenty years in prison and internal exile. "The Letter of an Old Bolshevik," published anonymously in the menshevik emigre journal Sotsialisticheskii vestnik in December 1936 and January 1937, gives an "insider's" view of struggles at the top of the bolshevik party. It describes the 1932 oppositional "Riutin Platform" with its heavy criticism of Stalin; the growing importance of the Leningrad party chief, Sergei Kirov, whom it identifies with the conciliatory option under consideration in the Politburo; it dwells on the


A common understanding of interoperability in transport systems and services is far from final achievement, due to a variety of structural and conceptual factors. This paper identifies some of the more significant factors and, based on current experience in Australia and drawing from perceptions of progress in other countries and regions, provides some suggestions for how the issues that impede progress may be overcome.


An estimated 147,000 students were enrolled in journalism and mass communication programs in the autumn of 1988, the vast majority of them studying for a baccalaureate degree. Enrollments, not surprisingly, are largest at the accredited journalism programs and smallest at the universities that are not accredited and are not members of the Association of Schools of Journalism and Mass Communication. The "average" journalism and mass communication program enrolls about 375 students. More than 33,500 degrees were granted by journalism and mass communication programs in academic year 1987-88. Only 7 percent of these were graduate degrees. Undergraduate enrollments appear to have leveled off, with 1987 and 1988 estimates nearly identical. Graduate enrollments in 1988 grew nearly 10 percent from a year earlier. The overall pattern of growth in journalism and mass communication enrollments is quite dramatic, particularly in comparison with national figures on growth in university enrollments. From 1976 to 1988, undergraduate enrollments in journalism and mass communication increased an estimated 32 percent, while nationally undergraduate enrollments in all areas of study increased 18.1 percent. During this same 13year period, graduate enrollments in journalism and mass communication increased 9.5 percent, compared with a national figure of 8.3 percent. At the same time, the number of bachelor's degrees granted in journalism and mass communication increased 41.8 percent, while the number of such degrees granted nationally increased 6.8 percent. The number of graduate degrees granted in journalism and mass communication declined by 12.6 percent from 1976 to 1988, while the decline nationally was 5.7 percent. These findings are the result of the 1988 annual survey of journalism and mass communication enrollments. Similar surveys have been conducted at Ohio State University since the 1960s. The 1988 survey, however, differed from earlier surveys in a variety of ways.


A token based algorithm for distributed mutual exclusion is presented. It uses a distributed counter to tolerate faults due to site failures and communication failures. This eliminates the need for expensive election protocols that are commonly employed in existing token-based algorithms. As in many existing fault-tolerant mutual exclusion algorithms, timeouts are used to detect failures. Our algorithm has the unique property that even if timeout periods are incorrectly assumed, the safety requirement of mutual exclusion is still guaranteed. It is, therefore, suitable for highly asynchronous distributed environments. Performance analysis shows that the algorithm is also efficient in terms of the average number of messages required per critical section, and the average time delay to enter the critical section. Finally, we show how to obtain a bounded algorithm from the basic unbounded algorithm.


Plasmodial slime molds are adapted to a number of different ecosystems. Spores could be classified into three different ornamentation types: spiny, reticulate and smooth surfaces. We examined three different hydrophobic effects for these surface types. The surface energy was calculated for Metatrichia floriformis (reticulate) = 25.61 J, Fuligo septica var. candida (spiny) = 50.81 J, Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (smooth) = 72.63 J and Licea parasitica (smooth) = 72.74 J. Spores with spines half-sink into the water surface. However, they float on the surface. Reticulate spores show super-hydrophobic effects and are refractive to the water surface. Spores without ornamentation sink after contact with water.


Lists of Tables, Figures and Boxes - Acknowledgements - Introduction - Poland's Ecological Crisis - A History of Environmental Law in Poland - The 'Enforceability' of Poland's Environmental Laws - Enforcement Problems I: Party Politics - Enforcement Problems II: Socialist Economics - The Ideological Dimension: Marxism and the Environment - Environmental Protection in Transition - Institutional Implications - Bibliography - Index


Simple Summary Neuroblastoma is a devasting childhood cancer in which multiple copies (amplification) of the cancer-causing gene MYCN strongly predict poor outcome. Neuroblastomas are reliant on high levels of cellular components called polyamines for their growth and malignant behavior, and the gene regulating polyamine synthesis is called ODC1. ODC1 is often coamplified with MYCN, and in fact is regulated by MYCN, and like MYCN is prognostic of poor outcome. Here we studied a naturally occurring genetic variant or polymorphism that occurs in the ODC1 gene, and used gene editing to demonstrate the functional importance of this variant in terms of ODC1 levels and growth of neuroblastoma cells. We showed that this variant impacts the ability of MYCN to regulate ODC1, and that it also influences outcome in neuroblastoma, with the rarer variant associated with a better survival. This study addresses the important topic of genetic polymorphisms in cancer. Abstract Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1), a critical regulatory enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, is a direct transcriptional target of MYCN, amplification of which is a powerful marker of aggressive neuroblastoma. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), G316A, within the first intron of ODC1, results in genotypes wildtype GG, and variants AG/AA. CRISPR-cas9 technology was used to investigate the effects of AG clones from wildtype MYCN-amplified SK-N-BE(2)-C cells and the effect of the SNP on MYCN binding, and promoter activity was investigated using EMSA and luciferase assays. AG clones exhibited decreased ODC1 expression, growth rates, and histone acetylation and increased sensitivity to ODC1 inhibition. MYCN was a stronger transcriptional regulator of the ODC1 promoter containing the G allele, and preferentially bound the G allele over the A. Two neuroblastoma cohorts were used to investigate the clinical impact of the SNP. In the study cohort, the minor AA genotype was associated with improved survival, while poor prognosis was associated with the GG genotype and AG/GG genotypes in MYCN-amplified and non-amplified patients, respectively. These effects were lost in the GWAS cohort. We have demonstrated that the ODC1 G316A polymorphism has functional significance in neuroblastoma and is subject to allele-specific regulation by the MYCN oncoprotein.


The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of the flipped classromm model on understanding the concept of fiqh among students during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses a quasi-experimental type of research. This research was conducted on fiqh learning. The research subjects were students of class VI at MI Darussalam Sambiroto, Baron, Nganjuk. Sampling using saturated sampling technique and hypothesis testing using the one-way Anova test with the help of the SPSS application. The results of the study show that the flipped classroom model is effective for understanding students' concepts of fiqh learning materials. The effectiveness of the flipped classroom model is shown from (1) the results of the learning implementation score of the flipped classroom model with an average score of 100 or good category; and (2) the average value of the fiqh concept understanding test of students in the class taught using the flipped classroom model is 80.52, which is better than the average value of the expository model is 70.35 and the significance value is 0.00 or less than 0, 05 (0.00 < 0.05), then there is a difference in the effectiveness of the two learning models, where the flipped classroom model is more effective in understanding students' fiqh concepts. The flipped classroom model can be applied in various lessons and in various situations and conditions, including during the covid-19 pandemic.


Wireless power transfer (WPT) via magnetic resonant coupling has been widely studied for many applications. In the control of WPT systems with variable power load such as motor, achieving high efficiency and desired power corresponding to the load at any time is important. Some methods which increases efficiency by secondary side power converters has been proposed. In these research, however margin between possible transmission power which is determined by the primary and secondary side voltage and received power is necessary because WPT systems with variable power load is unstable. This paper proposes a method for maximum efficiency operation by dynamic voltage control of the primary and secondary side DC-link. Margin in the transmission power is unnecessary in the system configuration which has supercapacitor and DC/DC converter on the secondary-side because supercapacitor compensates power fluctuation. Simulations and experiments demonstrated feasibility of the proposed method and effectiveness of the controllers.


Analog circuits can be very elegant designs with many components, or they can be very simple, like two resistors combining to make a voltage divider. In general, though, analog circuits are much more difficult to design than those which accomplish the same task digitally. It takes a special kind of analog circuit wizard to design an analog radio receiver, or an analog battery charger; digital components exist to make those designs much simpler.


The development of electronic equipment and sustainability are a recent combination of
conditions that come from the recognition of the importance of design, production, and
material selection, kind of product, use and final disposal which are having impact on
the environment. These urge manufacturers to consider environmental aspects at all
stages of the product development process and increase resources efficiency at all phases
of product life cycle. This report demonstrates the application of Design for
Environment (DFE) concept to develop a sustainable product. The objectives are to
integrate Design for Environment (DFE) tools into product design and development
process; to carry out Sustainability analysis on product design to reduce environment
load; and to carry out Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study and compare the
environmental performance of the new product with the benchmark product using the
SimaPro software. The methodology carried out in this report is by developing an
existing product as a benchmark and implementing DFE tools and guidelines to design a
new sustainable product. Based on the evaluation of available benchmark product and
analysis of the product, a new sustainable redesign product was developed accordingly
to environment variables. Finally, the evaluation and comparison of environment impact
and human health of the existing product and sustainable redesign product is carried out
with the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. The environment impact is analyzed by
mean of SimaPro software which is one of the LCA widely used software. After
thoroughly analyses on environmental impact and detailed evaluation of the benchmark
product performance, a new sustainable product is redesigned or improved in a way of
environmental perspective. The sustainable product is expected to cause the lowest
environmental impact throughout its life cycle.


There is currently an important need to incorporate innovative teaching methods into medical school curricula. In response to the predicted physician shortage (on the basis of currently available evidence), the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) has called for a 30% increase in medical school enrollment.1 Yet as class size increases, funding for medical education has often remained flat, meaning that more students need to be taught with the same resources. In addition, the learning preferences of today's medical students (labeled Generation Y, the generation born between 1980 and 1994) may differ from those of previous generations, often preferring more visual and hands-on modes of information acquisition.2 Finally, more medical schools have made incorporating learner-centered teaching (as opposed to traditional lectures) a priority. As such, teaching modalities that engage students and deliver key content in a timeand resource-efficient manner are urgently needed. Team-based learning (TBL) and cardiac simulation training (CST) may meet the stated objectives. TBL is an adult learner-centered teaching strategy that provides the benefits of small-group learning while using a single facilitator.3 CST is an instructor-led, small-group experience that teaches the essentials of cardiac auscultation using a high-fidelity cardiopulmonary simulator mannequin. Both TBL and CST are promising techniques that increase student engagement and may prove superior to traditional lectures in transferring knowledge to Generation Y students. TBL and CST may improve performance in medical school. In a recent study of students in their pre-clinical years, Koles et al. demonstrated that 2nd-year medical students scored higher on examination questions that related to content taught in a TBL format as compared to content taught in a traditional lecture format.4 They also noted that students who scored in the lowest quartile showed the most improvement on the TBL-taught content, suggesting that TBL may be particularly useful for students who struggle with traditional lecture formats. Thomas and Bowen recently have demonstrated improved performance on written examination scores among ambulatory medicine clerkship students taught via TBL.5 These are among the first studies to assess the impact of TBL on student performance during their clinical years of medical school. Similarly CST is associated with improved medical student performance when compared to standard bedside teaching. In two studies students taught via CST performed better on both written examinations and clinical skills examinations.6,7 CST on a high-fidelity simulator has several advantages compared to traditional bedside teaching. First, it offers exposure to multiple cardiac conditions that students may not encounter during a typical clerkship. This is particularly important as the incidence of certain conditions, e.g. mitral stenosis due to rheumatic fever, has decreased substantially. Second, CST allows multiple learners to practice simultaneously through the use of technological aids and allows one expert facilitator to train multiple students. This feature is of particular importance with looming increases in class sizes and stagnant or shrinking budgets. Third, CST can in theory provide unlimited practice to students to improve their skills. Valuable practice time is frequently unavailable in a busy office or hospital setting, where there is an ever-increasing emphasis on seeing patients as quickly as possible. At our own medical school, both TBL and CST sessions given during the third-year internal medicine clerkship were considered significantly more engaging and more clinically useful compared to traditional lectures (unpublished data). Even with consideration of the recent study by Thomas and Bowen, very little is known about the impact of TBL on clinical performance. As with our own data, initial studies on relatively new techniques such as TBL frequently assess student attitudes and preferences rather than performance indicators (e.g. test scores, clinical evaluations by attending physicians, etc.).8 As more clerkships utilize non-traditional teaching modalities such as TBL, it will be important to study whether such modalities can improve clinical performance. In summary, medical educators are facing a potential collision of competing interests: increased class size, limited educational resources, a mandate to develop more engaging and learner-centered curricula, and a generation of students unlikely to be satisfied with traditional lectures. It is increasingly important that medical educators implement innovative techniques to meet the goals of Generation Y medical students while efficiently using limited educational resources. TBL and CST are two such techniques that seem well-placed to satisfy these competing requirements. We call for robust, large studies to evaluate the impact of these and similar techniques upon student performance.


Up to one-fifth of construction and demolition waste in the Twin Cities metropolitan area consists of tear-off shingle scrap (TOSS), which is postconsumer roofing material that is removed when a home is reroofed. Of the 60,000 tons of TOSS generated annually in the metro region, more than 90% is potentially recyclable for use in asphalt pavement. At the beginning of 2010, the Minnesota Department of Transportation released a draft specification that would allow up to 5% TOSS to be used in asphalt. To fine-tune this specification, this study investigated how the addition of TOSS affects the low-temperature properties of asphalt mixtures used for paving roads, as well as the potential environmental benefits of using recycled materials in asphalt. The research showed that adding up to 3% TOSS resulted in no statistically significant differences in the low-temperature properties of the most commonly used asphalt mixtures. A preliminary environmental life-cycle assessment showed that asphalt mixtures that contain recycled shingles and reclaimed asphalt pavement consume less energy and produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions during the production process compared with an asphalt mixture with no recycled material. The highest reduction in these environmental impacts was estimated for the mixtures that used the highest amount of recycled materials. Based on this analysis, all the available TOSS in the Twin Cities metro area could potentially be recycled for use in asphalt pavement in the region. It is anticipated that the results of this research will provide critical information for the development of a standard specification for the use of scrap tear-off shingles in asphalt pavements in Minnesota. The research upon which this article is based was supported by a grant from CURA's Faculty Interactive Research Program.


The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of River Protection (ORP), has contracted with Bechtel National, Inc. (BNI) to design, construct, and commission the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) at the Hanford Site (DOE 2000). This plant is designed to operate for 40 years and treat roughly 50 million gallons of mixed hazardous high-level waste (HLW) stored in 177 underground tanks at the Hanford Site. The process involves separating the hight-level and low-activity waste (LAW) fractions through filtration, leaching, Cs ion exchange, and precipitation. Each fraction will be separately vitrified into borosilicate waste glass. This report documents the initial algorithm for use by Hanford WTP in batching LAW and glass-forming chemicals (GFCs) in the LAW melter feed preparation vessel (MFPV). Algorithm inputs include the chemical analyses of the pretreated LAW in the concentrate receipt vessel (CRV), the volume of the MFPV heel, and the compositions of individual GFCs. In addition to these inputs, uncertainties in the LAW composition and processing parameters are included in the algorithm.


The follow-up results, as well as own case study, are presented to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of creeping palm fruit extract (Permixon) in combination with an α-blocker in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) of moderate severity associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The follow-up study involved 58 male patients aged 48 to 70 years (mean age 60.1±3.4 years). Group 1 (n=30) was assigned a combined therapy with Tamsulosin (alpha blocker) (0.4 mg once daily) and Permixon (1 capsule, 160 mg, twice daily) for 6 months. Group 2 (n=28) underwent monotherapy with Tamsulosin (0.4 mg once daily) also for 6 months. The observed patients underwent a comprehensive urological examination, which included an assessment of symptoms in points on IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score); laboratory and instrumental studies. The patients were examined before and 3 and 6 months after therapy initiation. Therapy tolerability was assessed by the frequency and severity of local and/or systemic adverse events. Initially, the maximum urinary flow rate, residual urine volume, IPSS and prostate volume in patients from both groups did not differ statistically significantly. In the intergroup comparison, by 6 months of treatment (versus the treatment initiation), the average urinary flow rates in group 1 increased almost twice, and in group 2 only by 18% (p<0.05). There was a decrease in the residual urine volume in patients of groups 1 and 2, respectively, by 52.6 and 22.6% (p<0.05). The sum of the IPSS decreased by 46.1 and 21.5%, respectively (p<0.05). At the same time, no significant tendency in the volume of the prostate gland in group 2 were revealed in the first 3 months of therapy, However, after 6 months there was an increase in the average prostate volume by 8.8%. In group 1, prostate volume decreased by almost 20% over 6 months of therapy. The tolerability of the studied drug was satisfactory; no adverse events were noted in any patient. Permixone is an effective drug with a high safety profile within the pathogenetic therapy of BPH, affecting a number of factors concerning the development and progression of this disease KEYWORDS: benign prostatic hyperplasia, lower urinary tract symptoms, microcirculation, Serenoa repens, phytotherapy, Laser Doppler flowmetry FOR CITATION: Nashivochnikova N.A. Informed method of choice concerning conservative therapy of BPH. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2022;6(4):187–194 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2022-6-4-187-194.


As often interpreted, the new view of the incidence of the property tax is largely irrelevant for many questions of public policy. That is, most changes in property taxes are local changes, not nationwide changes. Local changes involve primarily excise effects, analogous to those of the old view, rather than the incidence on capital suggested by incautious users of the new view. The final purpose of this note is to explain how the excise effects that occur when each locality imposes a property tax combine to produce a burden on capital and no excise effects when all localities impose the tax.


Objective To study immune regulatory activity of the crude polysaccharides with or without protein from Ginkgo biloba Sarcotesta in immune depressive mice.Methods The model of immune depressive mice was established with cyclophosphamide.The function of macrophage in abdominal activity was measured.Spectrophotometric determination was adopted to evaluate the ability of antibody producing cell.The index of immune organ was used to observe the changes of immune organ's weight.Results It showed the GBEP could enhance mouse macrophage to swallow chicken erythrocytes,significantly enhanced the content of haemolysin in mouse body and significantly increased spleen index in immuno suppression mice.Conclusion GBEP can enhance immune function of immune deficient mice,and the crude polysaccharides without protein has much better immune activity than that with protein.


Of all the forms of popular fiction in the 20 th century, few other genre has become so popularized in the literature through the women's writing. This paper attempts to look back at how the tragedy of the beauty in the society.... how the desire destroy the (childhood).... the girl's life. Toni morrison's first novel, "The Bluest Eye", are often so overwhelmed by the narrative's emotional contents – child Pecola's incestous rape, her pregnancy, and subsequently abandonment by her community and family; and descent into madness. "The Bluest eye" is the genesis of Toni morrison's effort "to do what the music did for civilization the existed underneath the White civilization". The music in this novel is literally "songified". This narrative emphasis on loss to a concluding suggestion to resolution of grief through motion. It is contains an abundence of cultural wisdom. This cultural changes can illustrate the folk knowledge and values that are not transmitted to Pecola- get information without which she cannot survive as a whole and helthy human being. The rise of the notion of literature was intimately related to the growth of the industry. During the Industrial Revolution in Europe (1750-1850), books become commodities as the capitalist market economy generated a middle class, which had the leisure and the literary to read books. The idea of the literature grew along with another allied concept of culture. Raymond Williams pointed out the term – "Literature" as a work which may be seems familiars of a comparatively recent origin. In the 19 th century it began connoting specifically converted earlier under the broad rubric of "poetry", "classics" and "rhetoric"s". The critical meaning of the literature has visible in the use of the word - "Literature". The birth of the "African-American Literature" is an evidence of the irresistible human urge for freedom and for freedom of expression. Africans were considered an inferior race, incapable of producing literature. The Scottish philosopher David Hume suspected the "Negros" to be – "naturally inferior" to the whites and that there never was – "a civilized nation of any other complexion other than white". The German philosopher Immanuel Kant held that "Negroes of Africa" had by a nature "no feeling that rises above the trifling" and that they were fundamentally different from the whites in the "mental capacities as in colour". The black literature consist pain and survival of struggle for freedom and equalizing and of the quest for identity. It is the literature that records their triumphs and defeats, these fears and the dreams.


The fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) is one-parametric generalization of the classical Fourier transform. FRFT was introduced in the 1980s and found a lot of applications in signal processing. The time and spectral domains are both special cases of the fractional Fourier domain. They correspond to the Oth and 1st functional Fourier domains, respectively. We introduce the classical and quantum fractional Walsh transforms and develop corresponding fast algorithms.


Abstract
 Background: breast cancer as a most common organ cancer in women is the first cause of death among women with 40-45 years old. The only way to control this disease is early detection that it can be treated in about 90% of women with breast cancer. The best way for early detection of breast cancer is screening, and the best accessible way is breast self examination (BSE). Considering this fact that female health workers are responsible for improvement of public health, in addition to self care, they can encourage the clients and help to improve healthy goals. Therefore this study, investigates the Knowledge, attitudes and practice of Breast Self - Examination among female health workers in 2010.

Method: This descriptive cross sectional study was done among 119 female health workers in Isfahan. The method of sampling was clustering. With KAP questioner knowledge, attitude and practice of theses participants was assessed. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics methods.

Results: The mean age of participants was 27/7 ±3 /38. The knowledge about breast cancer and doing breast self examination (BSE) was good (79/8%) in most participants and (72/45%) of them have positive attitudes but only (39/5%) of the samples performed BSE regularly every month. A significant relationship was found between attitudes and the university degree of the health workers and also between age, university degree and the times of taking part in education classes with performing BSE in the best time for breast self examination.(P<0.005). 12/6% of them did not have a good performance.

Conclusion: considering that health workers can play an important role on encouraging the clients to perform healthy and preventive behaviors, their weak behavior is not acceptable in these groups. This result also shows that additional studies are needed to identify the factors that make women to use screening services and use these factors to encourage them for using these methods.


Accumulation of total mercury and other elements in soils and plants of two tribes from these soils bean-plants and valerians, sampled in Khabarovsky and Primorsky krais, Buryatiya and Amur oblast, has been studied. It has been shown that it is possible to identify mercury simultaneously with other micro-elements in natural objects using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy method in the same way as using the well-known atomic absorption method. Analysis of the data on mercury and some other micro-elements in the soils and plants studied has shown that sources of the natural origin soils, undersoil rocks, underground and surface waters, etc. are probably the main sources of micro-elements in the investigated regions.


 In 2018, the most commonly-occurring sexually-transmitted infection in Guilford County was chlamydia, followed by gonorrhea with 5,162 and 1,965 new cases respectively.  HIV Infection incidence rates declined in 2017 and 2018, but the county still has higher rates than most peer counties and the state.  New cases are predominantly African American, non-Hispanic males between the ages of 20 and 29.  Primary and secondary syphilis incidence rates declined from 23.2 cases per 100,000 in 2015 to 15.9 in 2018.  Chlamydia incidence rates continued an upward trend, reaching a high of 969.2 cases per 100,000 in 2018.  Gonorrhea rates climbed to 368.5 per 100,000, a level not seen since 2007.  Increasing rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis are consistent with state and national trends. | 2019| Sexually Transmitted Infections Data Brief|


Examines the need for officers with specialized mental health training on university campuses given the increase in incidents involving the mentally ill.


In this paper,the influence of online merchandise displaying and online interaction on consumers' impulsive buying behavior is discussed from the virtual tactile perspective.In the beginning,a theoretical model is established based on the design of measurement scale for variables such as merchandise displaying and virtual tactility.Then the validity and reliability of the statistics in the scale obtained through market research is analyzed,and the theoretical model is tested through structural equation model.Results show that online merchandise displaying and online interaction have both direct and indirect effects on consumers' impulsive buying,and the virtual tactility acts as an incomplete intermediary variable in the indirect effect.At last,some suggestions for enterprise's network marketing are put forward.


In this paper I demonstrate that the study of language constitutes an effective platform for the sociological analysis of 'race' and 'crime.' I also establish that the study of justice-related language provides a powerful tool for the construction of a critical race criminology or the study of racism residing in the discourse about, and the practices of, what is termed the 'criminal justice system.' Specifically, I demonstrate that the study of language contributes to critical race criminology by demonstrating how everyday language (reality) not only criminalizes people of color, but also builds and maintains racist 'criminal justice system' discourses and practices, even while acknowledging the problem of 'race' in matters of 'crime' and 'criminal justice.' I determine that, while to some extent previous research has highlighted the potential of language studies to unmask the racism of modern 'criminal justice' discourse and 'criminal justice' practices, much work remains to be done. To demonstrate the latter arguments, I (1) present previous justice-related language studies in a critical race criminology light, and (2) suggest an agenda for future research that will employ justice-related language studies as a contribution to critical race criminology.


The competence of organizational management is required to cope with the complexity of technology and the diversity of social demands for maintaining good interpersonal relationships through the support of advanced technology. The competencies, such as self-management and interpersonal relationship management, play a crucial role in improving individual and organizational performance. Experiences of interpersonal relationships at work are multifaceted with value consciousness, mood states at work, and members' work attitudes, as well as technical knowledge and skills that are constituted of explicit cognitive information. Organizational climate or culture is focused on recent studies to improve human performance by avoiding erroneous actions, accidental occurrences, or withdrawal attitudes such as absenteeism and turnover intention. The participants to organization are expected to act as actors and some of them as leaders to help develop themselves and coworkers, building bonds to collaborate with team members, for improving organizational performance, and for providing a high quality of service. This article is focused on the effect of mood states at work on workers' perceived health and perceived performance, and on the effect of the competence of interpersonal relationship management on organizational performances.


A recurring distinction in attention research is between external attention, which selects among perceptual objects/ representations, and internal attention, which selects among cognitive representations like memories, mental images, or goals (Chun, Golomb, & Turk-Browne, 2011). In contrast to our detailed knowledge of the mechanisms supporting external attention, the dynamics of internal attention remain poorly understood. Amir and Bernstein (this issue) develop an ambitious model that seeks to fill this gap and account for how internal attention integrates information from working memory, emotional states, and contextual demands to select among cognitive representations. To put it differently, in William James's oft-quoted definition of attention as "the taking possession by the mind... of one out of what may seem several simultaneously possible objects or trains of thought," researchers have often focused on the former target (perceptual objects), but rarely on the latter (trains of thought). Amir and Bernstein's are to be applauded for their comprehensive attempt to characterize the dynamics of internal attention, especially as it relates to psychiatric symptoms like rumination. We are generally quite enthusiastic about the dynamical systems approach developed by Amir and Bernstein to characterize internal attention in a computationally explicit manner. However, in this response, we highlight a fundamental question about internal attention dynamics that is left unaddressed in the model of Amir and Bernstein. The question revolves around the nature of the internal cognitive representations that become targeted by internal attention. Amir and Bernstein are clear that, once the representations are attended to, they enter working memory. But what is the nature of the representations before they are attended to? Here we suggest that there are three possible ways to interpret Amir and Bernstein's characterization of their model, which are left ambiguous and implicit in the authors' account. We refer to these as the generation, activation, and selection interpretations. Critically, these differing interpretations each have important implications for our understanding of the dynamics of internal attention. Below, we elucidate these three interpretations, spell out their implications, and propose avenues for testing them experimentally. In particular, we propose that experimenters could profitably employ cognitive neuroscience methods to distinguish these interpretations empirically.


The paper investigates the macroeconomic and welfare implications of wage arrears in transition economies in the context of a onesector neoclassical growth model. In our setup, a neoclassical …rm in transition makes losses and uses wage arrears as a survival strategy. At the workers' level, the randomness in the timing and extent of wage payments act as idiosyncratic shocks to earnings. We calibrate the model to reproduce evidence from the Ukrainian data and study its quantitative predictions. We …nd that wage arrears imply substantial social costs such as the consumption loss of 8%i16% and the welfare loss from idiosyncratic uncertainty, equivalent to an additional consumption loss of 1% i 5%.


Title Type the future of law facing the challenges of information technology PDF fuel cells current technology challenges and future research needs PDF future information technology ii lecture notes in electrical engineering PDF future information technology lecture notes in electrical engineering PDF emerging pervasive information and communication technologies pict ethical challenges opportunities and safeguards law governance and technology series PDF


The strong coupling of porphyrin J-aggregates to plasmonic nanostructures of different symmetry is investigated. The nanostructures of higher symmetry show the strongest interaction with the molecular layer, suggesting that surface plasmon mode degeneracy plays an important role in the coupling efficiency. At high coupling strengths a new, weakly dispersive mode appears which has recently been predicted theoretically to be due to long-range energy transfer between molecules mediated by surface plasmons. These findings point to new ways for optimizing strong coupling and thereby realize its full potential for molecular and material science.


Nikolai Petrovsky Diabetes and Endocrinology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia Tel.: +61 882 044 572 Fax: +61 882 045 987 nikolai.petrovsky@ flinders.edu.au "...lower reactogenicity has generally come at the expense of reduced vaccine immunogenicity and effectiveness. The need to enhance the immunogenicity of highly pure subunit vaccines has led to recent resurgence in interest in new adjuvants."


While deep learning has contributed to the advancement of sensor-based Human Activity Recognition (HAR), it is usually a costly and challenging supervised task with the needs of a large amount of labeled data. To alleviate this issue, contrastive learning has been applied for sensor-based HAR. Data augmentation is an essential part of contrastive learning and has a significant impact on the performance of downstream tasks. However, current popular augmentation methods do not achieve competitive performance in contrastive learning for sensor-based HAR. Motivated by this issue, we propose a new sensor data augmentation method by resampling, which simulates more realistic activity data by varying the sampling frequency to maximize the coverage of the sampling space. In addition, we extend MoCo, a popular contrastive learning framework, to MoCoHAR for HAR. The resampling augmentation method will be evaluated on two contrastive learning frameworks, SimCLRHAR and MoCoHAR, using UCI-HAR, MotionSensor, and USC-HAD datasets. The experiment results show that the resampling augmentation method outperforms all state-of-the-art methods under a small amount of labeled data, on SimCLRHAR and MoCoHAR, with mean F1-score as the evaluation metric. The results also demonstrate that not all data augmentation methods have positive effects in the contrastive learning framework.


Standards development organizations around the world are making rapid advances in adopting MIMO-OFDM as the technology of choice for emerging broadband wireless standards. These include IEEE 802.11n - the next generation standard for wireless local networking, IEEE 802.16e - a new standard for metropolitan area networks, and 3 GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) - the next generation standard for cellular networking. When multiple antennas are deployed at the transmitter, they can be used to increase data rates and/or enhance link robustness. Data rates can be increased by using space division multiplexing, which requires standardization. Link robustness can also be enhanced through transmit beamforming, which requires channel state information at the transmitter. FDD systems generally require standardization, but TDD systems also benefit from standardization. Transmit diversity techniques also enhance link robustness. However, some transmit diversity techniques require standardization (such as space time block coding), whereas some do not (such as delay diversity). In this tutorial, we will discuss the various flavors of MIMO-OFDM that are being standardized in 802.11n, 802.16e, and LTE. We will describe in detail the similarities and differences of these systems. For example, 802.11n is a TDD based system and only supports one user in the channel at any given time. LTE, on the other hand, is primarily an FDD based system, and aims to support multiple users in the channel at any given time. Hence, the concept of centralized control with multi-user MIMO is being developed within LTE and 802.16e, whereas 802.11n with decentralized control only supports single-user MIMO. However, space division multiplexing is similar across 802.11n, 802.16e, and LTE.


We introduce the notion of ST-pairs of triangulated subcategories, a prototypical example of which is the pair of the bound homotopy category and the bound derived category of a finite-dimensional algebra. For an ST-pair $(\C,\D)$, we construct an order-preserving map from silting objects in $\C$ to bounded $t$-structures on $\D$ and show that the map is bijective if and only if $\C$ is silting-discrete if and only if $\D$ is $t$-discrete. Based on a work of Qiu and Woolf, the above result is applied to show that if $\C$ is silting-discrete then the stability space of $\D$ is contractible. This is used to obtain the contractibility of the stability spaces of some Calabi--Yau triangulated categories associated to Dynkin quivers.


NAGAKURA, T., SUZUKI, H., MIYAZAKI, Y., OTSUKI, M., GOTo, J., NAMBARA, T. and TOYOTA, T. Determination of 3/3-Hydroxylated Bile Acids in Human Serum and Liver Tissue. Tohoku J. Exp. Med., 1989, 159 (2), 165-166 3/3, 7aDihydroxy-5/3-cholanoic acid (3/3, 7cr-diOH) was detected in serum of 3 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis. 3/3, 7/3-dihydroxy-5/3-cholanoic acid (3/i, 7/3-diOH) appeared in serum of those patients after treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDC). These bile acids were also detected in only unconjugated fractions of serum of another 7 patients with chronic liver diseases, but not in liver tissue of them. The liver does not seem to from these bile acids itself because they were absent in liver tissue. 3/3-hydroxylated bile acids ; liver tissue bile acids ; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry


Data pertaining to udder measurement traits, test day and 100 days milk yield of 51 Surti buffaloes were recorded. The overall least square means for like udder length, udder width, udder depth, teat length front, teat length rear, teat circumferences front, teat circumferences rear, teat distance front, teat distance lateral, teat distance rear, test day and 100 days milk yield were 45.0±0.7, 49.4±1.4, 9.4±0.5, 6.9±0.3, 7.7±0.4, 8.1±0.4, 9.4±0.3, 16.4±0.7, 9.6±0.3 (cm), 5.0±0.3 (kg) and 523.2±43.1 (kg) respectively. Test day and 100 days milk yield increase up to 3rd lactation. Stage of lactation had significant effect on test days and 100 day milk yield while, non-significant on udder measurement traits udder length, udder width, rear teat circumferences and lateral teat distance were significant on lactation order. The correlation and regression among test day and 100 day milk yield with udder length, udder width and udder depth were positive and non-significant.


Let A = (aij ) be an m × n matrix and let K = {s 1, …, sk } be a k-subset from {1, 2, …, n}. For 0≤t≤k≤n define the (t, K)-permanent of A to be (1) the summation taken over all m-tuples (i 1, i 2, …, im ) (repetitions allowed) of 1, 2, …, n each containing exactly t distinct entries from K and any number of distinct entries from the remaining n-k integers. For example, (4, 4, 7, 1, 1, 2), (4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 5) are 6-tuples, each containing exactly two distinct entries from K={2, 4, 5} for n ≥ 7.


The Psychology of Religion in Turkey is the first edited text in English to provide conceptual, historical, and empirical studies of religion in Turkey by exclusively Turkish scholars and social scientists.


The supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) Brayton cycle, as a substitute for the steam cycle, can be widely used in a variety of power generation scenarios. However, most of the existing SCO2 cycle studies are restricted to basic thermodynamics research, parameter optimizations, system design in different application fields, and even economic analysis. Considering the load variability and control flexibility of the power generation system, the dynamic performance research of the SCO2 cycle is also crucial, but the work done is still limited. Based on the previous studies, Simulink software is used in this paper to develop a dynamic model of the 20 MW-SCO2 recompression cycle, which specifically includes component models that can independently realize physical functions and an overall closed-loop cycle model. A series of comparative calculation are carried out to verify the models and the results are very positive. The SCO2 recompression power system is built with the developed models and the dynamic model runs stably with a maximum error of 0.56%. Finally, the simulation of the dynamic switching conditions of the 20 MW-SCO2 recompression cycle are performed and the analysis results supply instructive suggestions for the system operation and control.


According to estimates by United Nations, the world produces 50-60 million tonnes of e-waste every year and e-waste management system adopted across the globe is not competent to control the menace of e-waste. The Researcher intends to study global e-waste management models, guiding responsibility principles, adopted models, standard procedures, imposed penalties, lacunas in policy and probable consequences of mismanagement in various countries. The Researcher wants to explore e-waste management model in India in detail as compared to various models adopted in other countries. The researcher intends to inquire in to effectiveness of various steps like choosing safer technologies, non-hazardous metal substitutes, legal compliance, effective regulatory mechanism, investment opportunities in e-waste recycling and to analyze e-waste management models, legal principles, contemporary approach to curb the menace of e-waste.


The Fernald DOE site will begin full-scale remediation of buildings under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) during the 1995 fiscal year pursuant to a signed Record of Decision. This effort is currently estimated to cost $350 million and span a minimum duration of 8 years, if funding is not a constraint. The identification of the most viable sequence and schedule for the effort involved the development of an integrated planning model and the commissioning of a sitewide planning team. The resulting work product represents the best combination of assumptions and calculations possible at this time and provides information necessary for compliance with the CERCLA Remedial Design documentation requirements for the over 230 component structures governed by the decision. Sequence and integrated schedule development for the decontamination and dismantlement (D&D) of Fernald structures has involved evaluation of current and future utilization of structures, availability of waste storage and staging space, the needs and impacts of other on-going Fernald projects, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) waste management and remediation projects, the layout of site utilities, site hydrology, and the potential sizing, location, and construction rates for an on-property disposal cell.