ABSTRACT The reliable identification of those offenders at greatest risk of post-release recidivism is critically important given the emotional and financial costs associated with offending behaviour. The aim of the current study was to synthesise the available literature on risk predictors to identify which factors are predictive of recidivism in adult offenders, in the four years following release from custody. After systematically reviewing the literature and selecting those at least risk of bias, 43 high quality studies were subjected to meta-analysis. Sufficient data pertaining to 21 factors were available. Consistent with Bonta and Andrews [(2017). The psychology of criminal conduct (6th ed.). Routledge], prominent factors associated with the 'central eight' risk domains for general recidivism, particularly those indicative of antisocial potential, produced the largest effect sizes. These included factors such as an extensive criminal history (e.g. number of previous incarcerations), rule violations whilst under supervision, and holding procriminal attitudes. Overall, static risk factors were superior to dynamic in predicting recidivism. We explore these findings in the context of the limitations of the risk predictor literature and argue that ongoing behavioural monitoring is a promising means of identifying real-time changes in the antisocial potential of prisoners released to the community .


Wind vectors observed by SeaWinds on ADEOS-II are compared with wind and wave data from offshore moored buoys. The wind data were collocated with buoy observations operated by the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC), Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO), and Pilot Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) projects. Only buoys located offshore and in deep water were selected. Temporal difference and spatial separation between the ADEOS-II/SeaWinds and buoy observations were limited to less than 10 min. and 12.5 km. Wind speeds measured by the buoys at various height above the sea surface were corrected to equivalent neutral winds at a height of 10 m. Wind speeds and directions observed by ADEOS-II/SeaWinds agree well with the buoy data. Root-mean-squared differences of the wind speed and direction are 0.93 m/s and 20.7 deg., respectively. Dependences of the residuals of wind speed and direction on the wind speed and cross-track cell locations are investigated. Dependencies of wind speed residuals on oceanographic and atmospheric parameters observed by buoys are also examined using the collocated data. No significant dependences on the sea surface temperature, atmospheric stability, and sea state are discernible


Symmetric and selfduality results are established for a general class of nonlinear programs which combine differentiable as well as non-differentiable cases appearing in the literature. Many well known results are deduced as special cases and certain natural extensions are discussed.


Abstract Rodeo's historical links to rural settler communities, ranching and cow herding traditions permeate the embodiment of the 'legitimate' barrel racing sportswoman in Western Canada. Ladies' barrel racing is the only competition exclusive to women within Western Canada's professional rodeos. Barrel racers' gender performances are thus on display within a sex-integrated context where women continually defend their athletic legitimacy while maintaining a certain brand of femininity that distinguishes them from rodeo cowboys, but also from other rodeo cowgirls. Showcasing the results of in-depth qualitative interviews with fourteen barrel racers from southern Saskatchewan and Alberta, our discourse analysis shows that 'legitimate' barrel racers claimed to be disciplined in ways that set them apart from other cowgirls, whether groupies, other barrel racers or rodeo queens, through dividing practices such as upholding moral expectations at rodeo parties, wearing plain rodeo attire and dedication to horse care and skilled riding.


Title Hydrogen desorption properties of NH3BH3-MHn mixtures: How to control by-product gases [an abstract of entire text] Author(s) 中川, 祐貴 Citation 北海道大学. 博士(工学) 甲第12299号 Issue Date 2016-03-24 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/61649 Type theses (doctoral abstract of entire text) Note この博士論文全文の閲覧方法については、以下のサイトをご参照ください。 Note(URL) https://www.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dissertations/copy-guides/ File Information Yuki_Nakagawa_summary.pdf


The purpose of this study was to determinate the effect of adding various levels of roselle filtrate (RF) into tris-egg yolk diluents (T-EY) on the quality of kacang goat spermatozoa. Semen was collected twice a week using an artificial vagina method of three male goats. Fresh semen obtained was evaluated macroscopically and microscopically with a motility value of 80%, viability 86.58%, concentration of 2,099.40 milionspermatozoa cells/ml, and an abnormality of 2.83%. Then the fresh semen was diluted according to the treatment, namely T0 (T-EY 100%), T1 (T-EY 100% + RF 1%), T2 (T-EY 100% + RF 2%), T3 (T-EY 100% + RF 3%), T4 (T-EY 100% + RF 4%), T5 (T-EY 100% + RF 5%). The diluted semen was stored at 3-5C, and evaluation was carried out every 24 hours on the quality of the spermatozoa. The results showed that spermatozoa in T-EY diluent with the addition of 3% RF (T3) had a higher quality (T<0.05) compered to the other five treatments, namely the motility reached (42,99±2,19%), viability (49,30±2,24%), and abnormalities (4,012±0,49%) during 5 days of storage. The conclusion of this study is the addition of 3% roselle filtrate in tris-egg yolk diluent is the best level and is more effective in maintaining the quality of spermatozoa kacang goat.


We present a unique, lightweight, compact, low-cost, x-ray imager: MiniMAX (Miniature, Mobile, Agile, X-ray). This system, which exploits the best aspects of Computed Radiography (CR) and Digital Radiography (DR) technology, weighs less than 6lbs, fits into a 6" diameter x 16" long carbon-fiber tube, and is constructed almost entirely from offthe- shelf components. MiniMAX is suitable for use in weld inspection, archaeology, homeland security, and veterinary medicine. While quantum limited for MeV radiography, the quantum-efficiency is too low for routine medical use. Formats include: 4"x6", 8"x12", or 16"x24" and can be readily displayed on the camera back, using a pocket projector, or on a tablet computer. In contrast to a conventional, flying-spot scanner, MiniMAX records a photostimulated image from the entire phosphor at once using a bright, red LED flash filtered through an extremely efficient (OD>9) dichroic filter.


A nonlinear two‐core fiber coupler with unequal cores (phase‐mismatched) is analyzed by using coupled‐mode theory. Based on the solutions of the coupled‐mode equations, it is demonstrated that even though there is a difference in core diameter, the unequal‐core fiber coupler (phase‐mismatched) can function as a twin‐core fiber coupler (phase‐matched) by increasing the refractive index of the small core. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49:1051–1053, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22350


Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been shown to be beneficial in the diagnosis of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and vitreomacular traction. In 2001, ultrahigh-resolution OCT (UHR-OCT), capable of 3-μm axial resolution in the human eye, has demonstrated refined visualization of outer retinal layers.1 Dramatic advances in the imaging speed of OCT enable high pixel density, high-definition imaging with further improved image quality.2 The following is a case of bilateral photoreceptor disruption secondary to PVD, imaged using high-speed UHR-OCT.


REPLY: Thank you for sharing the interesting results of your study. We agree that the etiology and associated risk factors for the development of CME continue to be perplexing. In our study, multivariate regression analysis was performed for all types of glaucoma drops, including timolol, brimonidine, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor as well as prostaglandin analogs. We found a statistically significant difference only in patients who were using prostaglandin analogs. The difference in results between our studies may be because the prostaglandin drops were not stopped preoperatively or postoperatively in our study, whereas the drops were stopped immediately postoperatively in Feibel's study. Continued investigation into the role of glaucoma drops and the development of CME will help guide cataract surgeons in the perioperative use of prostaglandins.dBonnie An Henderson, MD


Submitted for the 4CF11 Meeting of The American Physical Society Optimizing the Stack Length of Thermoacoustic Prime Movers DAVID PEASE, BONNIE ANDERSEN, Utah Valley University — Thermoacoustics involves the fusion of thermodynamic and acoustic phenomena. Common applications of thermoacoustics include air conditioning and electricity generation. There are many components within a thermoacoustic device to optimize. The quarterwave resonator used contains the heat exchangers and the stack. The temperature gradient between heat exchangers across the stack must exceed a critical temperature gradient for acoustic oscillations to be produced. The power of the device is also proportion the ratio of the two gradients minus one. The region between stack elements is the productive volume where the thermoacoustic effect takes place. Decreasing the length between heat exchangers will increase the temperature gradient, but will reduce the productive volume. This research tested four different stack lengths from 0.014" to 0.060" to find the optimum stack length for a temperature difference of 150 K. In order to do this, an optimum amount of stack, given the local ambient environmental conditions, operating frequency, and stack length had to be found first. With the optimum stack amount, the optimal stack length was found to be 0.030", giving a temperature gradient of 1970 K/cm. Bonnie Andersen Utah Valley University Date submitted: 16 Sep 2011 Electronic form version 1.4


We are involved in an incredibly complex art form that is attempting to be the servant of many masters. If we serve one master, no matter how well, we must necessarily carry out a disservice to our other masters. Where our primary focus should lie is problematic and changes with each school, each production and each individual within the production. In many ways, it would be so simple to be involved in a professional production, where the primary focus is either on the budget or in creating a stimulating and/or provocative work of art. At least then the parameters are clear and become a much simpler task to assess success from failure.


Gentrification is a wildly contentious, highly politicalized issue that some scholars view as beneficial and others view as harmful. Historically, public health researchers have studied several neighborhood effects on health but only recently has this research field evolved to include studies specifically looking at the health ramifications associated with this neighborhood-change process. This secondary analysis is one of the first studies to examine the effect neighborhood-level gentrification has on mental health status in a childhood and adolescent sample. Results find that no main effect exists between gentrification and mental health problems directly. However, a statistically significant interaction-between gentrification and perceptions of community safety-was discovered to increase the odds of having children with mental health problems for caregivers perceiving their gentrifying communities as safe. Future researchers should reattempt to unearth a similar interaction effect as well as determine if gentrification acts indirectly to compromise emotional health in childhood. Finally, the minority stress theory should be looked at as a potential model to frame the evidence being produced at the intersection of gentrification and mental health.


The vast majority of basal cell carcinomas arise on sun-exposed skin, with nearly 85% of tumors occurring in the head and neck regions. The axilla is one of the rarest sites at which primary basal cell carcinoma develops. The incidence of basal cell carcinoma in typically sun-protected sites such as the axilla is considerably less. An exhaustive literature review revealed only 14 previously documented axillary basal cell carcinomas, among the tens of thousands of basal cell carcinomas reported. We herein report a unusual case of basal cell carcinoma presenting as a hyperpigmented plaque on axillary area. 키워드 : Basal cell carcinoma, Hyperpigmented plaque


Objective To assess the therapeutic effect of silymarin combined with metformin on obesity patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Methods Forty eight obesity patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were randomly divided into experiment group treated with silymarin combined with metformin (n=24) and control group treated with silymarin combined with Vitamin c (n=24) respectively for consecutive 4~6 months, and serum transaminase level(ALT,AST), triglyceride(TG), cholesterol(TC,LDL-C and HDL-C), TNF-alpha, insulin resistance index(IRI) and liver/spleen CT index were detected pre- and post-treatment, respectively. Side-effect was also observed during the experiment. Results The levels of serum ALT in experiment group and control group were all obviously reduced at the end point compared with the baseline,especially the former(P0.01); the abnormity of TG,TC,LDL-C and HDL-C were all markedly ameliorated in experiment group compared with control group after treatment, and the level of IRI in experiment group was significantly decreased at the end point compared with the baseline(P0.05),while the change was not obvious in control group(P0.05); The levels of serum TNFα in experiment group and control group were all obviously reduced at the end point compared with the baseline,especially the former (P0.01), meanwhile, liver/ spleen CT index in experiment group were obviously increased after treatment(P0.01), and no severe side-effects occurred during the experiment. Conclusion Silymarin combined with metformin is an effective and safe remedy for obesity patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease


[1] A global atmospheric forecast model that includes the middle atmosphere is used to investigate systematic model biases. As in many other global atmospheric models, Northern Hemispheric winter simulations from the vertically extended Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System reveal an unrealistic vertical tilt of the polar-night jet associated with a temperature bias in the northern polar middle atmosphere. This bias has important implication for satellite data assimilation in that inaccurate model background field associated with the bias can cause a data assimilation system to reject useful observation data. Efforts are made to alleviate this bias using improved radiation and orographic gravity wave drag parameterizations, the latter of which can provide adequate amount of drag to greatly reduce the bias, but at the cost of overestimated surface polar pressure. To understand and fix this secondary bias, this study addresses the cause and effect of the bias in terms of the balance of model drag mechanisms between the middle and lower atmospheres as well as within the lower atmosphere. Disruption of these balances in the model is argued to lead to degradation of surface simulation by reasonable middle atmospheric gravity wave drag despite an improvement in the middle atmospheric circulation. An experimental treatment of limiting the parameterized gravity wave drag to the middle atmosphere, as similarly done with a spectral gravity wave drag parameterization, is shown to largely alleviate the bias. This study discusses results from a series of winter and multiyear simulations, schematically illustrates the drag balance in the model, and investigates conservation of atmospheric angular momentum.


Tuft cells are one of luminal chemosensing components in the small intestine, while the role of tuft cell in mucosal secretory responses to luminal chemicals such as short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) has not been elucidated. We thus hypothesized that tuft cell hyperplasia may increase the secretory responses to luminal SCFA due to the increased cholinergic signals since tuft cells express choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Tuft cell hyperplasia was induced by oral sodium succinate (NaSuc, 100 mM) in the drinking water for 7 days. Sodium propionate (NaP, 10 mM, m), the selective free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) agonist 4‐CMTB (10 µM, s), or the TRPA1 agonist allyl isothiocyanate (AITC, 1 mM, m) were applied to the mucosal (m) or serosal (s) baths of an Ussing chamber mounted with muscle‐stripped mucosa‐submucosa preparations of mouse proximal duodenum or jejunum. The density of tuft cells (doublecortin‐like kinase 1; DCLK1), enteroendocrine L cells (proglucagon, glucagon‐like peptide‐2), and enterochromaffin (EC) cells (5‐HT, tryptophan hydroxylase 1; TPH1) were assessed by real‐time PCR and immunostaining. NaSuc treatment significantly increased the number of DCLK1‐positive tuft cells in the duodenal and jejunal villi. mRNA expression of DCLK1 and FFA2 were increased in the duodenal and jejunal mucosa, whereas TPH1 was increased only in the duodenal mucosa, and ChAT was increased in the jejunal mucosa, but proglucagon was unchanged in both. 5‐HT‐positive mast cell density rather than EC cell density was increased in the duodenum. Isc in response to luminal NaP was enhanced in the jejunum, which was atropine sensitive. In contrast, Isc responses to serosal 4‐CMTB and luminal AITC were enhanced in the duodenum, which were mediated by 5‐HT3 and 5‐HT4 receptors. These results suggest that NaSuc differentially enhances secretory responses, with 5‐HT signals in the duodenum and with cholinergic signals in the jejunum. These data may be implicated in the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia (FD), since increased duodenal mast cell density and enhanced 5‐HT signals are present in FD patients.


If major changes in the organization of American medical services were to follow from the enactment of the National Health Bill' in its present form, it would be principally by virtue of Title XIII which that bill proposes to add to the Social Security Act.2 The proposed Tide XIII authorizes grants-in-aid to states for the purpose of enabling them to "extend and improve medical care (including all services and supplies necessary for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of illness and disability)."3 It is under this title that state measures establishing systems of compulsory health insurance might qualify for federal grants, and hence the title introduces what is assuredly the most controversial of the debated aspects of the national health program. But, as the language quoted above makes obvious, Title XIII does not require the adoption of compulsory health insurance as a prerequisite to the grants it authorizes. On the contrary, it is couched in terms of unusual generality, terms which are sufficiently broad to permit the qualification of a diversity of other measures designed to "extend and improve medical care." Most, and perhaps all, such other measures can be comprehended in the broad category of "public medical services," namely, medical services administered by governmental agencies and supported by taxation. Proposed state legislation establishing compulsory health insurance systems which might qualify for grants under Title XIII is discussed in the succeeding article in this symposium. This note will deal briefly with problems to be considered in devising state public medical service legislation to qualify for grants under that title. Although health insurance legislation would constitute a more drastic departure from past American practice and hence the issues of policy which it raises may be graver than


Thi s pape r describe s th e importanc e o f modification equipmen t an d facilitie s i n physica l educatio n teaching learnin g fo r elementar y level . On e o f th e physical educatio n qualitie s i s indicate d b y th e adequate equipmen t an d facilities . Th e rati o o f teachers, students , an d th e equipmen t an d facilitie s i s important dat a i n preparin g qualit y teachin g physica l education. Physica l educatio n i n elementar y leve l i s th e basic building o f th e nationa l spor t system . Th e adequate equipment an d facilitie s wil l brin g a foundatio n for childre n t o enjo y physica l activit y i n physica l education programs . B y includin g equipmen t an d facilitie s for physica l educatio n an d spor t i n th e la w suc h as Nationa l Sport s Syste m Act s No . 3 , 200 5 and Regulatio n o f th e Ministr y o f Nationa l Educatio n No. 24 , 200 7 abou t equipmen t an d facilitie s standards for schools , th e governmen t ha s clea r authorit y and regulation . I n fact , differen t schoo l ha s different capacit y t o provid e adequat e equipmen t an d facilities. This can be solved by modification of the games and spor t eithe r fro m numbe r o f players , an d teaching strategies. I t i s als o necessar y tha t th e modification o f physica l educatio n equipmen t an d facilitie s is appropriat e fo r elementar y students . Winnin g and losing in games which are part of physical education program s i s no t th e mai n poin t bu t ho w th e children play it. Kat a Kunc i : Modifikasi , sarana , prasarana , pendidika n jasmani


The orthocaps Hybrid Aligner Therapy (HAT) is a treatment option that broadens the indications of aligner treatments. This technique makes aesthetic treatment possible for almost all malocclusions, without the need for complex labial or lingual systems. It also helps to reduce the number of treatment steps and treatment duration as a whole. Complicated tooth movements can therefore be carried out more effectively and quickly.


This essay is a statistical analysis on the patients at the rheumatology clinic of Lund. We investigate whether effects of the treatment differ depending on the patient's diagnosis, sex, age and drug. Diagnoses included in this study are rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, spondarthritis, juvenile chronic arthritis and arthritis. The drugs we investigate in this study are Mabthera inf, Cimzia inj, Enbrel inj, Remicade inf, Humira inj, Methotrexate po and Simponi inj.
The statistical method that has been used to analyze the data is analysis of variance. The effect of the treatment has been measured as the change from treatment start to follow-up in some different measures. These measurements are Das28Esr, Das28Crp, log(Crp), Haq, Eq5d and the numbers of swollen joints. The changes in these measurements are the dependent factors in the variance analyses.
A two-way variance analysis shows that there are significant differences in both factor sex and factor diagnosis. The treatment has better effect on men than women. For factor diagnosis the analyze shows that patients with juvenile chronic arhritis gets especially good effect and psoriatic arthritis patients has a very poor effect. There are also some indications about interaction between sex and diagnosis; there is a tendency for women with arthritis getting better effects than men, while men with spondarthritis gets much better results than women. This interaction effect cannot be considered as established and this could be a subject for further analysis at the clinic.
In a three-way variance analysis patients with rheumatoid arthritis specifically was studied. The analysis showed that there are significant differences depending on what medicine the patient is ordered; Humira and Enbrel are the drugs with best effect. The medicines Remicade, Mabthera och Simponi has the lowest effect. The two other factors, sex and age, didn't showed any significant differences. Any interactioneffects between the factors wasn´t found either.
We have also found that log(Crp) are a suitable measure to use when comparing diagnoses with each other and Das28Esr or Das28Crp are appropriate to use when analyzing a specific diagnosis.


An adaptive-Vth CMOS/SOI DC-DC converter scheme, whichconsists ofa low-Vthcharge-pump circuit andahigh-Vth DC-DCconverter, andenables to operate at0.3-V, isproposed. Thelow-Vth circuit starts toboosta smallinputvoltage andgenerates output power.Andthenthehigh-Vth converter continues the boosting operation byusingthepowerofthelow-Vth circuit. Ifoncethehigh-Vth converter starts, thelow-Vth circuit automatically stopstheboosting operation. We fabricated theadaptive-Vth DC-DCconverter witha0.8gm FD-SOIprocess andverified theconverter hasa conversion efficiency ofmorethan80% ataninput voltage of0.3V.


Eight clones of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) with predetermined sensitivity to air pollution were fumigated with 5 pphm and 10 pphm ozone (O/sub 3/), sulfur dioxide (SO/sub 2/), and nitrogen oxides (NO/sub x) singly, and in combination for 4h/day for 35 consecutive days. During the fumigation period, needle length, visible symptoms, and dry wt. were evaluated weekly. The carbon dioxide (CO/sub 2/) exchange rate was measured during the 10 pphm O/sub 3/ and 10 pphm SO/sub 2/ fumigation for 4h/day for 7 consecutive days. Needle length was not significantly different among different clones and treatments, whereas, there was a correlation between needle dry wt. (mg/mm of fascicle) and air pollution injury. Ten pphm O/sub 3/ and 10 pphm SO/sub 2/ slightly decreased CO/sub 2/ exchange rate during the first 1h of fumigation. Recovery phenomenon occurred after the end of each day's 4h fumigation. There was a trend of continuous decrease in relative CO/sub 2/ exchange rates over the 7 day period, however.


Use Longshu Ⅲ/Ⅵ as experimental material,the influence of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) activity were studied under the low temperature of 4 ℃ and 0.05、 0.10 mmol/L SNP.The results showed that the SNP can improve the activities of SOD,POD and CAT,reduce the oxidation damage degree of low temperature stress on cell,speed up the repair cells,promote test tube seedlings growth.The best SNP concentration was 0.05 mmol/L.


A series of novel hyperbranched poly[2-(α-d-mannopyranosyloxy) ethyl methacrylate-co-N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide] (HPManEMA-co-MBA) are synthesized via a reversible addition fragmentation polymerization (RAFT). The dosage ratios of linear and branch units are tuned to obtain different degree of branching (DB) in hyperbranched glycopolymers. The DB values are calculated according to the content of nitrogen, which are facilely determined by elemental analysis. The lectin-binding properties of HPManEMA-co-MBA to concanavalin A (ConA) are examined using a turbidimetric assay. The influence of defined DB value and molecular weight of HPManEMA-co-MBA on the clustering rate is studied. Notably, HPManEMA-co-MBAs display a low cytotoxicity in the MTT assay, thus are potential candidates for biomedical applications.


This paper presents a novel class of algorithms with momentum for the solution of convex optimization problems. The novelty of the approach lies in combining Hamiltonian flows, induced by a Hamiltonian field, with an appropriate flow set that forces the flows to decrease the cost, and a class of resetting mechanisms that reset the momentum to zero whenever it generates solutions that do not decrease the cost function. For radially unbounded, invex functions with Lipschitz gradients we show uniform global asymptotic stability, and for functions that additionally satisfy the Polyak-Lojasiewicz inequality we establish exponential convergence. Since the flow dynamics are given by Hamiltonian systems, which preserve energy, symplectic integrators with stable behavior under not necessarily small step sizes can be implemented. These leads to a class of discretized algorithms with performance comparable to existing algorithms that are optimal in the sense of generating the fastest possible rates of convergence.


First, I should introduce this book as a 'must have' on the coffee table of any seabird enthusiast. Its spectacular cover photo and manageable A4 size will draw passing glances from beveragesipping guests and, on return from your first comfort break, it will have been nosed through and gasped at. Another languishing mind will be converted to the bright side: albatross are magnificent and this book shows it. Primarily, the book is a collection of stunning photographs. But there is more. There is a great attention to detail in this successful effort to produce 'the albatross bible'. It contains high quality colour reproduction, aForeword byHRHPrince Charles, an Introduction by Carl Safina, personal accounts by a suite of experts, species descriptions and distribution maps, and an affiliation with the foremost agencies for albatross conservation. Coming out of New Zealand (which is 'albatross central') the book takes a world view and will capture readers world-wide. Tui de Roy's lifetime fascination with albatross species and their worlds is poured out in Part 1, titled Spirits of the Ocean. This won't be read on the first, second or third passes through the book, because the photography is too distracting. On the fourth pass, the reader catches glimpses of the text and is drawn in to some adventurous and emotive accounts of visits to albatross islands. Like any good coffee table book, you don't have to read these from start to finish, which might become tedious. The chapters are self-contained and follow a logical sequence through the species from Wandering to Waved Albatross. While wandering through de Roy's personal accounts, two themes were on my mind. Having spent time at a couple of albatross islands the script didn't necessarily appeal to me, as I have my own memories that in my mind are hard to beat. I imagine, though, that many readers will be thoroughly engaged. I was interested and had many 'I'd love to go there' moments. I could relate to deRoy's awe and empathy. In the forefront ofmy mind, though, was a thought from Carl Safina's introduction. . . 'Sometimes an albatross is simply a bird. When we see that, worlds open'. We humans can't help but anthropomorphise and attribute majesty, mythology and mystical skills to such a calmlooking and charismatic animal. But they are birds. They live to eat and eat to breed. They crash land because their bodies are big and somebodycomponents have evolved for long-distanceflight, they don't land like that because they are 'clumsy'. They also compete for offal and baited hooks at the back of boats, not recognising the dangers of this. Which raises my second trailing theme: that somany of these birds are being dragged under-water and drowned on long-line hooks. This book will raise the profile of the albatross and introduce tomany their disastrous interaction with the highly profitable fishing technique of long-lining. Mark Jones introduces Part 2 of the book, Science and Conservation, with a history of albatross interactions with man, from 15th century encounters with sailing vessels to 20th century attractions to long-line vessels: from something for sailors far from home to admire and eat to something for us all to admire and strive to protect from our own activities. This is a fine read and a special component of the book. Science and conservation issues are then presented by those at their forefront. These chapters clearly outline the passion of the experts and give them a face (they include little portrait photographs), and present the issues as seen from the 'coal-face'. Of the many highlights through these chapters, I have to pull out a few.Respect has to soar for this book when giants of seabird research, like John Croxall and Henri Weimerskirch, provide their time and personal thoughts. The albatross species' mug shots in a 'line up of usual suspects' in Rosemary Gale's chapter on population statuses is compelling, with the 'Vulnerable', 'Threatened', 'Endangered' and 'Critically endangered' labels below each face. Ben Sullivan's diary extract of an early morning start on a long-liner was refreshing, and I'd have liked to have read more experiences like this. I was interested to read Marco Favero's summaryof the situation inSouthAmerica, an eye-opener into the human fishing effort that albatross have to contend with and managers need to regulate (I'd like to memorise the translation presented of Pablo Neruda's poem on albatross). It was appalling to read of mice attacking albatross on Gough Island in John Cooper's chapter, and I hope that gets cleaned up. And Police Inspector Conrad Glass's chapter on the plight of albatross on Tristan da Cunha is a great presentation by an enthusiast amongst other chapters by scientists. Species profiles are then presented by Julian Fitter in Part 3 of the book. Although repeating a lot of what is available from other sources, for completeness, this is an important part of the book. Of key interest to budding albatross enthusiasts will be the distributionmaps of the species and the descriptions of diagnostic features, so thatwhat is seen can be identified.While not a book to take into the field, this section would be an asset to libraries and bridges of sea-going vessels. To broadly summarise, this book provides a dazzling introduction to albatrosses. It doesn't expose all their secrets though. The 'how do they do it?' question posed in Carl Safina's introduction is not answered. How do they get the resources to sustain life across enormous distances of openwater and navigate back to chicks on tiny islands? I don't feel this is a flaw, however. This book doesn't need to tuck into evolutionary adaptations and speciation, the mechanics of flight and foraging strategies. It is hard to criticise a book that compiles somuch clever thought in its presentation, includes page after page of amazing photography and chapters from somany leading experts; so I won't. Following the readers' capture into the world of albatross, they can easily source from elsewhere information on any gaps they perceive. At just $A80, the book is terrific value. Maybe it's worth buying a few copies, one to be dog-eared on the coffee table, one for mothballing on the shelf, one present for a friend and one for the guillotine, to display the pictures over your study wall.


Although the prevalence of alcohol and substance abuse among veterans has been long documented (Kulka et al., 1988; Tanielian et al., 2008), insufficient work has been done on veterans living within recovery homes such as Oxford House (OH). Approximately 18% of OH residents in the United States are veterans (Oxford House, 2015); however, only one study has looked at veteran status within OH (Majer, Jason, Ferrari, Venable, & Olson, 2002). In addition, no study has examined the social networks of veterans within recovery homes. Furthermore, although the relationship between length of stay (LOS) in an OH and various positive outcomes such as lower recidivism and higher abstinence self-efficacy have been demonstrated in previous studies (Jason, Davis, & Ferrari, 2007), the relationship between LOS and quality of life has not been examined among veterans. The current study aimed to: (a) determine if veterans living with other veterans have more cohesive social networks compared to veterans living with nonveterans; (b) assess whether there is a direct relationship between veteran status and quality of life; and (c) determine if social network cohesion mediates the relationship between veteran status and quality of life. Findings indicated that veterans living with other veterans had greater close friendship ties compared to veterans living with only non-veterans. However, veterans in either house type did not differ in regard to friendship density and reciprocity. No relationship was found between veteran status and quality of life. The study's limitations and implications for future research are also discussed. SOCIAL NETWORKS AND VETERANS 2 CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION Literature Review Problem Statement Veterans from Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) are a heterogeneous group facing unique challenges upon returning to civilian life. Among these challenges are veteran's increased risk of developing a mental health condition due to experiences related to their military service. In particular, OEF and OIF are at a higher risk of developing alcohol and/or substance dependence than other comparable segments of the U.S. population (Wagner et al., 2007). Furthermore, compared to other populations with a substance use disorder, veterans have a higher rate of post-traumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, and substance abuse co-morbidity (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2007; Tanielian, 2008). Additionally, veterans tend to have a later on-set of (SUD) (Fink et al., 2016). Given the challenges faced by the Veteran Affairs medical centers in providing long term treatment to this population, there is a need to explore the effectiveness of community-based treatment alternatives. Viable community-based alternatives are mutual-help recovery systems such as Oxford House (OH). In comparison to other OH residents, veterans have a unique set of risk factors which might be especially well addressed by the OH experience. However, little is known about veterans residing in OH and the effect of OH on populations with later on-set of SUD. Research on Oxford House has demonstrated the effectiveness of the OH model with non-veteran populations (Jason, Olson, Ferrari, & LoSasso, 2006). OH has been found to lead to lower rates of relapse, higher abstinence self-efficacy, higher employment rates, and lower criminal justice recidivism (Jason et al., 2006). The literature on OH has shown that length of SOCIAL NETWORKS AND VETERANS 3 stay and resident's social networks are associated with positive recovery outcomes. Specifically, a 6-month length of stay and a cohesive social network predicts future abstinence (Jason et al., 2007). Though there is extensive literature connecting OH to numerous positive outcomes (e.g., higher abstinence rates, higher abstinence social support, higher abstinence self-efficacy), whether OH leads to an increase in quality of life for veterans has not been examined. Given the importance of quality of life as an increasingly measured outcome in addiction research (Muller & Clausen, 2015), how quality of life relates to other recovery outcomes for veterans needs to be explored in future OH research. Social identities have important implications for recovery from alcohol and substance abuse (Best et al., 2016). For instance, social identity plays a part in continuation of drug use, decisions to stop use, and abstinence maintenance (Frings & Albery, 2015). Furthermore, research has demonstrated that individuals change their identity associated with addiction and form a new identity associated with recovery when entering treatment and joining recovery groups (Buckingham, Frings, & Albery, 2013). However, the extent to which individuals relate to others in recovery vary. Majer, Jason, Ferrari, Venable, and Olson (2002) found that veterans living in OH had difficulties identifying with other residents due to their veteran status. This finding is consistent with the literature that shows that veterans have a preference to engage socially with other veterans (Laffeye, Cavella, Dresher, & Rosen, 2008). The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of OH in helping veterans in recovery. The proposed study will examine whether veterans living with other veterans in OH have more cohesive social networks than veterans who are the single veteran in OH. In addition, the proposed study seeks to determine whether length of stay and quality of life is positively SOCIAL NETWORKS AND VETERANS 4 associated with social network cohesiveness. A moderated-mediational model (see Figure 1) will be examined using multilevel modeling. Prevalence of Mental Health Problems among Veterans Approximately 2.5 million troops have deployed to Afghanistan and Iraq since the wars began in 2001 and 2003, with longer and more frequent deployments than in previous conflicts (IOM, 2012; 2014). Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), the longest sustained military operations in United States history, have also been characterized by the use of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) by insurgents, high utilization of the National Guard, an all-volunteer military force, and increased injury survival rates due to medical advancements (Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, 2011; Goldberg, 2010). Milliken, Auchterlonie, and Hoge (2007) found that 66.5% of active duty soldiers and 69.6% of reserve soldiers had been exposed to a traumatic combat experience. Deployment stressors and exposure to combat have been linked to the development of mental health conditions among OEF and OIF veterans (IOM, 2014). These mental health conditions include post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depression, and traumatic brain injury (TBI) (Hoge et al., 2004; Polusny et al., 2011; Schell & Tanielian, 2010; Seal, Bertenthal, Miner, Sen, & Marmar, 2007; Stecker, Fortney, Hamilton, & Ajzen, 2007; Tanielian et al., 2008). Furthermore, there have been unprecedented rates of suicide among OIF and OEF veterans. Although combat accounted for 28% of all military deaths in 2011, suicide accounted for 22%; making suicide the second leading cause of death in the U.S military (Corr, 2014). Between 2010 and 2012; 2,553 active-duty soldiers attempted suicide and, of these, 812 died (Corr, 2014). Although, historically, suicide rates have been lower in the military than in the SOCIAL NETWORKS AND VETERANS 5 general population, in 2008 the suicide rate of the Army surpassed that of the civilian population (Sayer, Carlson, & Frazier, 2014). Veterans and Substance Abuse Substance abuse and dependence affects an estimated 21.5 million Americans (8.9%) (SAMHSA, 2014). Substance and alcohol abuse lead to numerous health problems, to unemployment, and to disruptive family relations (Craig, 2004; Inaba, Cohen, & Holstein, 2007). For example, alcohol is the third leading risk factor for disease and disability globally, and it is the third cause of death in the U.S. (Kelly, Hoeppner, Stout, & Pagano, 2012). In addition, alcohol and drug abuse are among the costliest of health problems (National Drug Intelligence Center, 2011; ONDCP; 2004; Sacks, Gonzales, Bouchery, Tomedi, & Brewer, 2004). It is estimated that the illicit drug use cost in the U.S. is 180.9 billion dollars (ONDCP, 2004). In 2006, the economic costs of alcohol abuse was estimated to be 223.5 billion dollars (Bouchery, Harwood, Sacks, Simon, & Brewer, 2011). OEF and OIF veterans are at a higher risk of developing alcohol and/or substance dependence than other comparable segments of the U.S. population (Wagner et al., 2007). Historically, alcohol and other drug use has been a major issue for veterans (Kulka et al., 1988; Tanielian et al., 2008). The prevalence of alcohol (39.2%) and drug abuse (5.7%) were high for Vietnam veterans (Kulka et al., 1988) and continue to be elevated for OIF and OEF veterans. Richards, Goldberg, Rodin, and Anderson (1989) found that Caucasian male veterans have nearly two and a half times the lifetime prevalence of alcoholism compared to Caucasian male nonveterans, even after controlling for age, region of the U.S, marital status, education and income. The rates of alcohol misuse among OEF and OIF veterans are between 11.5% 35.4% (Hoge et al., 2004; Jacobson et al., 2008; Milliken et al., 2007), and between 26.5% 40% among veterans SOCIAL NETWORKS AND VETERANS 6 seeking health care from a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) facility (Jakupcak et al., 2010). Moreover, 25% of service members ages 18-25 screen positive for alcohol abuse compared to 16% of matched civilians (Bray et al., 2009). Rates of heavy drinking among service members has risen by 25% from 1998 to 2008 (Bray et al., 2009). An analysis of data from the 2004 to 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) found that 15% of veterans have an alcohol use disorder (AUD) and 18% have an SUD (Golub, Vazan, Bennett, & Liberty, 2013). These esti


The regioselectivity of the reaction can be altered by choice of the activating agent: NaH for 1,2- or TMS-O-Tf for 1,4-selectivity.


The song of the tree is an animation
film inspired by an animist theme.
Wind blows through the forest and
lights up nature. Using stop motion
technique, Elsa Werth tries to
translate the seasons' movement
and the invisible presence of animals
through nature's rhythm.


A new technique for the analysis and attenuation calculation of sub-millimeter waveguides is proposed in this paper by dividing the domain into several slices, in which the propagation constant ß and impedance Z for each slice were calculated and then used to estimate the overall attenuation as well as the reflection and transmission coefficients. Variations of losses with the waveguide dimensions, doping, and number of slices have been investigated in details. Further, a complete set of equations for the analysis and modeling of such lossy waveguide structure is presented. It is shown that the attenuation of such a waveguide has a peak value at a specific density (cm-3) of the lossy material.


This study investigated differences in creativity among the following groups of college students: probationary, average, distinguished, and undecided as to college major. Also, the relationship of creativity to college satisfaction and student orientation to college was examined. Differences in creative ability among the groups were found. Probationary students earned the highest group mean on the creativity measure and their mean was significantly greater than for the undecided group. Differences and correlations among the variables of creativity, college satisfaction, and student orientation were presented and discussed.


Nonflame combustion technology using thermal cyclic prevent the emission of harmful gas to atmosphere, obviously it is a clean combustion technology CuO-based as oxygen carrier for a nonflame combustion technology has been analysed , and the thermodynamic data of the redox reactions is calculated,the capability of oxygen carrier in CH4 and air respectively has been investigated in the thermogravimetric reactor. The result of experiment suggestion that CuO-based oxygen carrier suit nonflame combustion technology, when exposed to CH4, CuO lose part of lattice oxygen. The reduced CuO is regenerated with air to the fresh oxide. When SiO2 is addicted into CuO-based oxygen carrier,it shows excellent stability of cycles and strength, the time of completing the cycles is greatly reduced.


There is an abundance of research on environmental attitudes and recycling; specifically however college students are very under represented. This population is one that is very important as these individuals will be the ones making decisions, privately and politically, with regards to recycling programs in their communities. By understanding their attitudes and behaviors in college, those designing recycling programs can develop and modify programs to suit their needs, and education programs can be prepared to better inform these individuals. The purpose of this study was to study the attitudes and behaviors of college students related to recycling. To accomplish this, students from three Midwestern United States post-secondary institutions (a two year public community college, a four year private college and a four year public university) were administered an online survey using Surveymonkey.com. The survey was made available to all students at the three institutions for a period of 4 weeks with multiple participation reminders. At the conclusion of the four weeks the data were tabulated and evaluated to address the principal question of what are the attitudes and behaviors of college students relative to recycling as well as to make comparisons between institutions and categories within the institutions. With a population of over 19,000 the 626 responses is impressive, but introduces challenges to statistical analysis. Due to the very low response rate there were not statistically significant results. However, Minitab statistical software was used in limited scope to examine the relationship between gender and questions about influence of


In the North Sea agreement an area 100 km 2 at the Frisian Front will be designated for European flat oyster ( Ostrea edulis ) restoration. This report presents results from a field survey in two search areas, of 100 km 2 each, concerning the suitability for restoration of European flat oysters. Sediment was sampled for grain size determination. High silt or very coarse sediment is considered unsuitable. In addition, pictures of the sea bed were taken to determine the presence of shells as potential settlement substrate for larvae. Based on the results of the field survey and subsequent laboratory analysis, both search areas at the Frisian Front are considered suitable for European flat oyster restoration, although the presence of shells was low. Within each location there were no clear gradients observed in presence of shells, which is considered suitable for the development of European flat oyster reefs, or low silt content, which is also considered suitable for the reef development. On average, the northern half of both locations seems to be more suitable than the southern half. Large-scale active restoration of European flat oyster beds is not without risks and presently unknown factors may influence the process. To enhance the success rate and spread the risk it is therefore advised to designate the northern half of both locations to reach the agreed total of 100 km 2 . The return and recovery of biogenic reef structures (such as the European flat oyster) in the North Sea is one of the environmental targets of the Dutch government (Dutch Marine Strategy Part 1; I&W and LNV, 2018). The North Sea Programme (2022 – 2027) (Min. IenW et al. , 2022) comprises several activities to protect biogenic reefs and to increase their probabilities of recovery. This includes restoration in designated Natura 2000 areas. As part of the "North Sea Agreement" (OFL, 2020), designated areas in the no-fisheries zones on the Frisian Front will be used for European flat oyster restoration. To this end, two search areas have recently been selected, both measuring 100 km 2 . In the present report these two areas are assessed on their sediment suitability to re-establish European flat oysters reefs on the seabed. For this, a field survey was carried out in March 2022. Together with the results of a desk study in which a number of abiotic and biotic factors are considered (van Duren et al., 2022) the results of this study will form the basis on which the final choice of (sub)areas with a total surface of 100 km 2 will be based. levels of Sediment suitability is investigated in terms of grain size and presence of shell material. Other factors that determine habitat suitability for European flat oysters are addressed in the desk study of van Duren et al. (2022), based a.o. on historic distribution data of O. edulis , and the presence of mobile sand waves and larval dispersal. results of field survey subsequent laboratory analysis, both search areas for the designation of one or more areas (with a total surface of 100 km2) for the restoration of European flat oyster reefs within the Frisian Front (i.e., Location I and Location II) are considered suitable for European flat oyster restoration. Within each location there are no clear gradients observed in presence of whole shells, which is considered suitable for the development of European flat oyster reefs, or low silt content (20-40%), which is also considered suitable for the reef development. On average the northern half of both locations seems to be more suitable than the southern half, but this pattern is not very convincing. The desk study of van Duren et al (2022) also concludes that there is not much difference between locations. Both analyses, the field survey and the desk study, show more variability at Location II than at Location I, which seems to be more uniform. Large-scale active restoration of European flat oyster beds is not without risks and presently unknown factors may influence the process. To enhance the success rate and spread the risk it is therefore advised to designate the northern half of both Location I and Location II to reach the agreed total of 100 km 2 .


This paper reports the results of an analysis of singleton breech presentations, alive at the onset of labor and with no congenital anomalies. There is no significant benefit from abdominal delivery for small or very small babies because developing country hospitals lack the neonatal care facilities to care for the low birth weight babies. For babies over 2500 grams, vaginally delivered babies are more than twice as likely to die before their mothers are discharged from the hospital. Parous women are more likely than are primipara to safely deliver breeches vaginally. In developing countries the possibility of maternal morbidity is at once greater and more serious because of fewer resources to provide adequate care. In deciding whether to deliver a breech abdominally or vaginally physicians should ask the following questions: 1) Are neonatal care facilities adequate for the small baby delivered alive? 2) What is the mother's parity and what are her future reproductive plans? 3) Will future deliveries occur at home or in a hospital? 4) Will she consider tubaligation at the time of cesarean section? 5) What is the hospital's record of maternal morbidity and mortality for cesarean sections? and 6) What is the physician's skill in delivering breeches vaginally and in performing cesarean sections?


At present optimal organization and forms of control for extra genitourinary Chlamydiosis, including infected respiratory tract, have not been developed yet. These issues require immediate solutions. In accordance with the appearance of new knowledge on respiratory Chlamydosis, the article presents scientific groundings for the necessity to work out and develop the complex of measures and main directions, which facilitate the improvement of organization of medical assistance and care for patients with the diseases of upper respiratory tract associated with Chlamydia infection. The proposed program can become the basis for the enhancement of the system of medical assistance and care for the population with respiratory Chlamydiosis and contribute to the increase of the efficiency of treatment, diagnostics and prevention measures.


Intelligent surveillance systems capable of discriminating pedestrians in the street are one of the main application areas of computer vision. This paper proposes a method to discriminate pedestrian images into several classes by using pedestrian shape features and artificial neural networks. To overcome the difficulty of pedestrian identification due to shape variation over time, several video-image processing and intelligent discrimination methods were adopted and developed. At the front end, image and video processing was performed to separate the background from the foreground images. The pedestrian shape features were extracted by Fourier transform, and then feed-forward neural networks with back-propagation learning algorithms were employed to discriminate among several classes of the moving pedestrian images, i.e., pedestrian, cyclist, or other non-pedestrian objects. The experimental results demonstrated the capability of the proposed system to discriminate pedestrians in a real life pedestrian environment. On average, discrimination accuracy was achieved in 82% and 87% using the complex number and the centroid distance function method, respectively.


This paper makes use of the hierarchical bounding box method to efficiently detect collisions between slender marine structures, namely risers and mooring lines. An implementation in the C++ programming language, using resources of high performance computing and object orientation, is presented. Details of the strategy are shown as pseudo codes and figures, along with the functionalities given by the tool. The implementation is validated through comparisons with the brute force method for collision detection for a few chosen examples, which were simulated in a consolidated software. Results show small computational times and good fidelity of detections.


Objective To investigate the effect of operative treatment with internal fixation of displaced acetabular fractures. Methods 21 cases displaced acetabular fractures were treated operatively with open reduction and internal fixation using reconstruction plates lag screws. The mean of injury severity score(ISS)is 21.1. According to fracture types, Ilioinguinal approach was adopted in 8 cases, Kocher-Langenbeck in 8 cases, and double approachs(K-L added up ilio)in 3 cases. Extended iliofemoral approach in 1 case and triradiate approach in 1 case. Results All patients underwent average 36 months(range 12 to 56 months). Infection was observed in 2 cases, traumatic osteoarthritis in 6 cases, heterotopic ossification in 5 cases, avascular necrosis of the femoral head in 1 case. According to criteria of Matta, 6 cases were underwent anatomic reduction, 12 cases were satisfactory reduction and 3 unsatisfactory. Based on Matta′s evaluation, 7 cases achieved excellent results, 10 good, 3 fair and 1 poor. Excellent and good rate was 80.9%. Conclusion Choice for surgical approach, operation on time, surgeon′s experience, anatomical reduction are the key points for reaching a good clinical result.


Granular materials are widely used in industrial processes and the lack of understanding of the physics, specific for the behaviour of granular materials, makes it difficult, for example, to effectively design industrial facilities. This thesis takes a closer look at the behaviour of the compaction of a sand bed under different conditions; namely different ambient pressures and different shock strengths. This shock is achieved by releasing a ball from a specific distance and letting it swing against the side of a container filled with loosely packed sand.

The pressure difference above and below the sand and the drop of the sand bed were measured, and the maximum pressure reached during the experiments together with the behaviour of the decay of the pressure were analysed. The data shows that the compaction of the sand is very dependent on the release distance of the ball and thus the shock strength; the compaction is larger for larger deviations of the ball. Surprisingly it also depends on the ambient pressure inside the container, but to a lesser extent. It can be concluded that the compaction of the sand bed level both depends on the deviation of the ball and the ambient pressure inside the container.


Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are important regulators of signal transduction processes mediated by cAMP and cGMP. One PDE family member, PDE3B, plays an important role in the regulation of a variety of metabolic processes such as lipolysis and insulin secretion. In this study, the cellular localization and the role of PDE3B in the regulation of triglyceride, cholesterol and glucose metabolism in hepatocytes were investigated. PDE3B was identified in caveolae, specific regions in the plasma membrane, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. In caveolin-1 knock out mice, which lack caveolae, the amount of PDE3B protein and activity were reduced indicating a role of caveolin-1/caveolae in the stabilization of enzyme protein. Hepatocytes from PDE3B knock out mice displayed increased glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels, which was associated with increased expression of gluconeogenic and lipogenic genes/enzymes including, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor c, sterol regulatory elementbinding protein 1c and hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. In conclusion, hepatocyte PDE3B is localized in caveolae and smooth endoplasmic reticulum and plays important roles in the regulation of glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol metabolism. Dysregulation of PDE3B could have a role in the development of fatty liver, a condition highly relevant in the context of type 2 diabetes. Citation: Berger K, Lindh R, Wierup N, Zmuda-Trzebiatowska E, Lindqvist A, et al. (2009) Phosphodiesterase 3B Is Localized in Caveolae and Smooth ER in Mouse Hepatocytes and Is Important in the Regulation of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. PLoS ONE 4(3): e4671. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004671 Editor: Silvana Gaetani, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy Received November 14, 2008; Accepted January 28, 2009; Published March 5, 2009 Copyright: 2009 Berger et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council Project 3362 to E.D; K.B. was supported by Lund University Diabetes Center (LUDC); Grants were obtained from the following foundations: Swedish Diabetes Association; Novo Nordisk, Denmark; The Swedish Society of Medicine, Dr. P. Hakansson, Albert Pahlsson, Fredrik och Ingrid Thuring, Wiberg, Lars Hierta, Ahlà n, Tore Nilsson and Magn. Bergvall. The funding agencies did not take any part in the design and conduct of the study, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data, or in the preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com . These authors contributed equally to this work.


In the past two decades, more than 20 therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) targeting a range of antigens (and working through a variety of mechanisms) have been approved for treatment of serious diseases. First to be approved were murine antibodies, followed by humanized molecules with superior efficacy, safety, and tolerance. Most of the licensed MAbs have been made by the hybridoma method and expressed in cell culture. 2,3 This review describes the next generation of MAbs, taking next generation antibodies into account, and suggests considering international regulatory guidelines for qualifying and characterizing monoclonal-antibody-producing source cells at different phases of development. In addition, in vivo and in vitro manufacture of MAbs is outlined. Adhering to the guidelines ensures a finished product of consistent pharmaceutical quality.


This is a brief review on the progress and impacts of China's Natural Forest Protection Program that was initiated in response to massive flooding in 1998 of the major river basins of China. The program was heavily financed by the central government and was a success in terms of three program goals: timber harvest control in the natural forests; increase in the total area of forest protection; and, the successful resettlement of forest workers who were affected by reduced harvests. The ecological, social, and economic impacts of the program are discussed.


In the title compound, C17H12O3, each of the five-membered rings in the inden-1-one and 1,3-benzodioxole residues is almost planar (r.m.s. deviations = 0.041 and 0.033 Å, respectively). A small twist about the single bond linking the two residues is evident [the C—C—C—C torsion angle = 8.7 (4)°]. Supramolecular zigzag layers propagating in the ac plane are formed in the crystal via C—H⋯O interactions. The layers are linked via π–π interactions between the five- and six-membered rings of 1,3-benzodioxole residues [centroid–centroid distance = 3.4977 (14) Å].


nutritionary be in want of for children at the commencement of get-up-and-go is a extremely far-reaching configuration that be required to be considered. Malnutrition buoy come across deficient predicaments that are inevitable, where the bottom predicaments buoy consideration interruption of the brain's working processes and buoy furthermore cutting edge to death. The determination of this contemplate was to treasure trove the constituents that consequence the nutritionary prominence of children underneath five-spot on chop chop safe keeping in Teupin Panah Village, Kaway XVI District, westbound Aceh Regency. This evaluation disposition put into practice decimal evaluation with representatives therein glance at videlicet formal progenitrix who chalk up toddlers as severals as 30 samples. The collections obtained in the configuration of influential collections and less important data. influential collections are the consequences of the press conference cognitive semantics victimisationing questionnaires and chop chop commemoration implements for 24 hours, patch the less important collections in the configuration of posyandu collections and community occupation collections application univariate analysis, videlicet the chi-square test. The consequences showed that 18 of the 30 respondents had employments with chop chop safe keeping status, the consequences of the Chi straightforward evaluation got p = 0. 055 (p = <0. 05) which was understood as having a substantial communication or consequence between elbow grease and chop chop security. the determination that the factor that buoy influence the nutritionary prominence of children underneath five-spot on chop chop safe keeping is the elbow grease of parents, where a first-class employment testament predispose a first-class resource so that chop chop availableness is fulfilled. The consummation of first-class nutrition is backed by an correspondent commensurate of income. kith and kin resource or economical prominence is individual of the constituents related the consummation of chop chop availableness in the kith and kin


Background. Anesthetic-related death in small animal anesthesia is about ten times more common than in human anesthesia. Recent research identifies the early postoperative period as particularly risky and highlights the need for regular and careful monitoring of the veterinary patient during this period.

Objective. The aims of this study were to investigate whether there are standard procedures in terms of regulated routine patient observations and record-keeping during the early postoperative period at Swedish veterinary clinics, and if there are any guidelines for monitoring the veterinary patient during recovery.

Methods. A small survey including ten Swedish veterinary clinics was carried out as well as a literature review.

Results. The survey showed that 50 % of the veterinary clinics did not have standard procedures for monitoring the patient during the early postoperative period. Seven out of ten veterinary clinics stated that they during this same period of time only kept record in the event of incidents.

Guidelines for monitoring the veterinary patient during anesthesia and recovery have been published by the American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists (ACVA) in 1995 and in 2009 and by the American Animal Hospital Association (AHAA) in 2011. Both guidelines recommend frequent and careful monitoring and recording of vital signs by trained personnel during recovery which should include at the minimum assessment of pulse rate and quality, respiratory pattern, mucous membrane color, body temperature and signs of pain.

No Swedish guidelines or recommendations for monitoring the veterinary patient during or after anesthesia were found in this study.

Conclusions. A lack of standard procedures at the veterinary clinic may result in poor record-keeping and monitoring of the patient during the early postoperative period, which could compromise patient safety. This study highlights the need to enable the veterinary nurse to carry out her duties and nursing skills regarding patient monitoring in order to improve the quality of anesthesia care and match the increasing expectations of pet-owners.


Introduction Trevor Burnard and Gad Heuman Part 1: Slavery as a Global Institution 1. Ancient Slavery Niall McKeown 2. African Slavery Paul Lovejoy 3. Slavery in the Indian Ocean World Gwyn Campbell 4. The Origins of Slavery in the Americas Betty Wood 5. The Transatlantic Slave Trade Trevor Burnard Part 2: The Character of Slavery 6. Work and the Slave Economy Lorena Walsh 7. Demography Richard Follett 8. Gender and Family Life Jennifer Morgan 9. Religion Sylvia Frey 10. Slave Culture Matt Childs 11. The Planter Class Trevor Burnard 12. Slave Resistance James Sidbury 13. Slave Rebellions Gad Heuman 14. Free Coloureds John Garrigus 15. Black-White Relations Timothy Lockley Part 3: Changes and Continuities 16. The Age of Revolutions Laurent Dubois 17. The Abolition of the Slave Trade Christopher Brown 18. Forging Freedom Steven Hahn 19. Commemorations Edward Rugemer 20. Modern Slavery Joel Quirk


In today's competitive environment, its survival of the businesses has been quite difficult. Together with rapidly increasing competition, there are various disputes between groups and personals and conflicts occur. The conflict is disagreements, discrepancies between two or more people. Businesses should manage these conflicts a good way to make advantageous emerging conflicts. The conflicts sometimes support the creativity, provide that's emergence, sometimes hamper it. In the same way, as a result of creativity the conflicts can be occurred. To determine the relationship between creativity and conflicts which have an important role in terms of performance of organizations is very important. The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between conflict and creativity in organizations that arise. This study is basically prepared in two different sizes. The theoretical dimension focuses on interaction, creativity, conflict and creativity. In the research part, the method was first explained, then the results obtained were analyzed. The survey method was used as data collection tools. Our research was carried out in a large-scale industrial enterprise that operating in the province of Konya. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS. With this study, it has been revealed that emerging conflicts in businesses positively affect the ability of creativity.


PURPOSE: A semiconductor package and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to improve the reliability of package formation during a molding process by making a frame-typed wall with metal including copper. CONSTITUTION: A semiconductor body(80) includes a plurality of metal surfaces(50) on the upper side. The metal surfaces are connected to pins through a bonding wire for the contact of the semiconductor body. A frame-typed or ring-typed wall(110) is included in the upper side of the semiconductor body. A plate is formed on an upper side of the wall. The plate covers an opening of the upper side of the semiconductor body. A fixing layer(105) is formed between a bottom surface of the wall and the upper side of the semiconductor body.


Article history: Received 22 October 2020 Revised 24 Nopember 2020 Accepted 27 December 2020 Available 31 December 2020 This research was conducted to study the ability of Dayak onion extract added to drinking water on the performance of body weight gain, feed consumption, and water consumption of broiler chickens. The experiment used 80 DOC broiler aged 4 days from strain Abror Acres CP 707, using complete randomized design (RAL) with 5 treatments and 4 replicated of 0 gr, 5 gr, 10 gr, 15 gr and 20 gr Dayak onion extract per day. Feed and drinking water were given on ad libitum. Data were analyzed by using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and significant effect was tested with Duncan's New Multiple Rang Test. The results of this study showed that giving Dayak onion extract with level of 0 gr, 5 gr, 10 gr, 15 gr and 20 gr in broiler chickens provided no significant difference (p>0,5) on body weight gain, feed consumption, and water consumption. The conclusion of this research is giving the level of Dayak onion extract on the drinking water does not significantly (P>0,05) affect the body weight gain, feed consumption, and water consumption of broiler chicken.


The performance of a novel normal mode helical antenna is designed and analysis in soft HFSS,it can meet the needs of two wireless communication bands of GSM and DCS,The bandwidth is 8.69% and 9.45% at the GSM and DCS respectively,the return loss is low and the highest gain is 2.29dBi.


A total of 1584 Lohmann Selected Leghorn hens were kept in 144 modified cages furnished with—perch, nest and sandbath for 5, 6, 7 or 8 hens per cage or in 162 conventional cages for 4 hens. Cage floor area was 600 cm2 per hen excluding nest and sandbath. Doors to nests and sandbaths were time monitored. Production, mortality, exterior egg quality, health, integument and the birds use of facilities were registered from 20 until 80 weeks. No effects of group size or keeping system on production or mortality were detected, but the furnished cage gave more cracked and less dirty eggs than the conventional cage. Hens in the furnished cage had better plumage condition, less toe pad hyperkeratosis, shorter claws, less rear body wounds and stronger humerus, but dirtier feet than hens in the conventional cage. Hens in the larger group sizes had the dirtiest feet. In the furnished cage, on average, 86% of all eggs were laid in the nests and 0.6% in the sandbaths. The rolling out efficiency from nests was best in th...


The objective of this paper is to assess Macedonian export performance as a function of the economic performances of its main trading partners in a panel context. We also evaluate the role of relative prices. In general, the results suggest that Macedonian exports are highly dependent on foreign demand, particularly on EU demand, while relative prices are insignificant. FTAs are found to increase Macedonian exports by half, but no additional gains are accrued from the CEFTA 2006 agreement. This is in accordance with the conclusion that the EU's economy has a strong effect on Macedonia; hence CEFTA 2006 countries, including Macedonia, are eager to trade with the EU instead of trading amongst themselves. In a separate section, the paper uses a qualitative approach to discuss the potential benefits for Macedonian trade from the new Lisbon Treaty and further EU integration in general.


Montaigne, in To study philosophy is to learn to die, in a note of doubtful relevance send us to Ecclesiastes revealing an important characteristic common to both texts: the argumentation of pro-to-con in search of answers. Can we prepare ourselves to die? In face of it is there any profit in our work below the sun? Th e texts oscillate from affirmation to negation, alternatively giving reason to contrary positions: nothing prepares ourselves to death, but all is preparation for it once we are in fact dying. We gain nothing below the sun, but every day we gain in spiritual joy or anguish. We are walking towards death, but the reasons of the texts invite us to harvest the day the meaning of well living


The article is dedicated to the insufficiently studied problem of the visual image that was formed in the creative aesthetical discourse of Alexander Blok. His articles "Colours and Words" (1905), "Works of Vyacheslav Ivanov" (1905), "About the Present Condition of the Russian Symbolism" (1910), "In Memory of Vrubel" (1910) and also exhibition overviews are considered in the article. The main task of the research is to reveal that the visual image is a way to represent thoughts of symbolist poet, and it is also a model of visual perception, which is characteristic for the modernist culture. The analysis methods are receptive criticism, intermediality and phenomenology of E. Husserl and M. Merleau-Ponty. The reasons why Alexander Blok paid close attention to the works of such painters as A. Böcklin, M. Vrubel, V. Kandinsky and others are analysed in the article. The examples demonstrate how the principles of Italian painters (Fra Angelico, Giovanni Bellini, Leonardo da Vinci) reflected in his aesthetics. It is indicated that the visual image in Blok's articles is symbolic and metaphysical representation of the aesthetic idea. Blok uses various types of unclassical ecphrasis that have a function of visual codes. Moreover, he creates a type of "fictitious" ecphrasis as a "landscape of consciousness" and uses linguistic contamination. The conclusion is made that the new understanding of art emerges in Blok's aesthetics, which was characteristic for modernist poetics of the beginning of the XX century. The function of the visual image is representation of symbolic forms (space, colour, composition, things, nature, body dynamics) as phenomena of consciousness and ways to express ideas.


With the rapid development of higher education and a surge in college enrollment rate, higher education in China is undertaking changes in quality, level, structure and administration. In this context, talent cultivation model is becoming more diverse and complicated. To escape from cultivation model reform predicament and to constantly improve teaching quality, measures must be taken to overcome the inherent inertia of talent cultivation model, to prevent the tendency of cultivation convergence, to infuse talent cultivation with humanity care and concern, and to strike a balance between teaching and research.


Prolactin (PRL) among other pituitary hormones has been detected in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (2.,7.,8.). The normal CSF prolactin concentration is about 1 ng/ml (2.,3.). Patients with prolactin secreting hvpophyseal tumor have elevated PRL levels both in their blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The suprasellar extension of prolactinoma can brinq about higher prolactin concentration in the CSF than that in the serum ( 5 . , 9 . ) . Under physiological conditions serum and CSF prolactin concentrations are linearly correlated ( 2 . ) . This correlation prevails also at slightly elevated serum prolactin levels. In order to further investigate the interrelationship of the serum and CSF prolactin strictly normoprolactinemic neurological patients were chosen to this study.


A clear understanding of the pathological mechanism of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) 1–42, a currently unexplained process, would be of great significance for the discovery of novel drug targets for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy. To date, though, the elucidation of these Aβ1–42 dynamic events has been a difficult issue because of uncontrolled polymerization, which also poses a significant obstacle in establishing experimental systems with which to clarify the pathological function of Aβ1–42. We have recently developed chemical biology‐oriented pH‐ or phototriggered "click peptide" isoform precursors of Aβ1–42, based on the "O‐acyl isopeptide method", in which a native amide bond at a hydroxyamino acid residue, such as Ser, is isomerized to an ester bond, the target peptide subsequently being generated by an O–N intramolecular acyl migration reaction. These click peptide precursors did not exhibit any self‐assembling character under physiological conditions, thanks to the presence of the one single ester bond, and were able to undergo migration to give the target Aβ1–42 in a quick and easy, one‐way (so‐called "click")conversion reaction. The use of click peptides could be a useful strategy to investigate the biological functions of Aβ1–42 in AD through inducible activation of Aβ1–42 self‐assembly.


acellular zones; breast carcinoma with acellular zones (OA) 26 acylcarnitine; neonatal form of CPT-II deficiency (CR) 436 adenocarcinoma GLUT1 in the ampulla of Vater (OA) 233 intratumoral heterogeneity of TTF-1 (OA) 31 Malignancies in teratoma (CR) 792 adenoma; GLUT1 in the ampulla of Vater (OA) 233 adipophilin; sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelids (OA) 483 adrenal heterotopia; Adrenocortical lesions in kidney (CR) 713 adrenocortical nodule; Adrenocortical lesions in kidney (CR) 713 adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma; flow cytometry of lymphomas (OA) 89 AKT; Two proto-oncogenes and ovarian cancer (OA) 749 albumin complex; new fibrosis staging criterion (OA) 580 algorithm; D2–40 in esophageal squamous carcinoma (OA) 282 ALK-1; ALK-1 lymphoma (CR) 249 AMACR; papillary renal cell carcinoma (CR) 300 amiodarone amiodarone-related lung mass, nephritis (CR) 657 histopathology of thyroid in AIH (CR) 55 ampulla of Vater; GLUT1 in the ampulla of Vater (OA) 233 anal canal; polypoid lymphangioma of the anal canal (CR) 442 anaplastic large cell lymphoma; small cell variant of ALK+ lymphoma (CR) 494 anaplastic lymphoma kinase; small cell variant of ALK+ lymphoma (CR) 494 anaplastic lymphoma; ALK-1 lymphoma (CR) 249 angiomyolipoma AML with epithelial cysts of the kidney (CR) 664 CD1a expression in PEComas (OA) 169 angiosarcoma; PEH mimicking mesothelioma (CR) 730 animal model; prostate cancer and chemoprevention (RA) 1 ankylosis; arthritis with enthesopathy (OA) 407 anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction; unusual fusion between pancreatic buds (CR) 498 anti-anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis; nephritis rats develop ESRD (OA) 361 anti-GM-CSF antibody; localization of SP-A and SP-D in PAP (CR) 203 APC; Lung adenocarcinoma and FAP (CR) 706 aplastic anemia; diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (OA) 353 apoptosis; apoptosis and cell proliferation in HNL (OA) 98 arrhythmias; arrhythmogenic substrates in infarct (RA) 533 atherosclerosis; macrophage differentiation and function (RA) 143 autoimmune pancreatitis IgG4-related inflammatory AAA (CR) 421 IgG4-related prostatitis (OA) 118 autopsy coronary thrombosis in hypereosinophilia (CR) 138 diagnosis disagreement in autopsy (OA) 568 fulminant-type bacterial infection (CR) 196


This paper proposes an approach to software faults diagnosis in complex fault tolerant systems, encompassing the phases of error detection, fault location, and system recovery. Errors are detected in the first phase, exploiting the operating system support. Faults are identified during the location phase, through a machine learning based approach. Then, the best recovery action is triggered once the fault is located. Feedback actions are also used during the location phase to improve detection quality over time. A real world application from the Air Traffic Control field has been used as case study for evaluating the proposed approach. Experimental results, achieved by means of fault injection, show that the diagnosis engine is able to diagnose faults with high accuracy and at a low overhead.


While it is true that the knowledge of Strain 19 vaccine, its merits and limitations has increased greatly, the greater part of such knowledge has been based on scientific controlled experimentation. There can be no question as to the reliability and necessity of such procedures but field experiences are also important. Natural conditions, despite the elimination of controls for accurate interpretation, does provide for the natural hazards that the vaccine is expected to surmount.


In this paper, the authors determined the influence of the cutting parameters (v and s) on the mean width of the profile elements RSm and we established the correlation between the RSm and Ra roughness parameters for exterior cylindrical lathing of the semi-product made of steel X 17 CrNi 16-2. The experiments were conducted on the basis of factorial research programs and processing was done in real processing conditions by turning the cylindrical surface, using such tools used in steel processing and part geometry recommended for cutting these materials. The regression analysis of the experimental results indicate that there is a positive linear correlation between the RSm and Ra roughness parameters, close to a functional dependence.


We pursue our analysis of a family of Cayley graphs deened on the 6-valent grid from generators and relations and provided with a high level of symmetry. The grid H = (V; E) is generated by three families of straight lines. We adopt the non-isotropic orientation N ! S, NE ! SW, NW ! SE and deene the system of generators S = fs 1 ; s 2 ; s 3 g whose elements are the three respective translations. The multiplication on S deenes a group acting on the vertices of V with a basic set of relations. The \diamond torus" is the graph of a nite group generated by superimposing a cyclic relation for each direction. The diamond interconnection network has several important advantages. It has a bounded valence as a grid and the highest allowed valence for a 2D regular grid. As a Cayley graph, it allows recursive constructions and divide-and-conquer schemes for information dissemination, it is also vertex-transitive hence all routers will behave in a similar way. From construction it appears nally as a good host for embedding subvalent topologies like the usual grid. This paper is the replication of a former presentation of the arrowhead torus in the isotropic case. Le tore en \rhombe" : un graphe de Cayley sur la grille 6-valente R esum e : On poursuit l'analyse d'une famille de graphes de Cayley d eenis sur la grille 6-valente a partir de g en erateurs et de relations et pourvus d'un haut degr e de sym etrie. La grille H = (V; E) est engendr ee par trois familles de droites. On adopte l'orientation anisotrope N ! S, NE ! SW, NW ! SE et on d eenit le syst eme de g en erateurs S = fs 1 ; s 2 ; s 3 g dont les el ements sont les trois translations respectives. La multiplication sur S d eenit un groupe op erant sur les sommets de V selon un ensemble de relations de base. Le \tore en rhombe" est le graphe d'un groupe ni engendr e en surimposant une relation cyclique sur chaque direction. Le r eseau d'interconnexion en rhombe a plusieurs avantages importants. En tant que grille, il est de valence born ee, la plus haute valence possible pour une grille 2D r eguli ere. En tant que graphe de Cayley, il est r ecursivement constructible et autorise des …


Abstract Background Hypoalbuminemia at baseline is a powerful predictor of long-term outcomes in peritoneal dialysis patients. However, the levels of serum albumin are dynamically changed during PD. The present study investigated whether the improvement of hypoalbuminemia during PD can affect the patients' outcomes. Methods 436 consecutive incidents continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients were involved in this study. Demographic, hematologic, biochemical, and dialysis-related data at baseline as well as 1 year after PD were collected. All patients were followed for at least 1 year for mortality. Results Among the 436 patients, the mean age was 48.44 ± 14.98 years, with 58.26% males and 18.12% prevalence of diabetes. The mean follow-up time was 48.25 ± 24.05 months. During the follow-up period, a total of 68 patients died. Serum albumin was 34.35 ± 5.65 g/L at baseline, which increased to 37.39 ± 5.05 g/L at 1 year after PD. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that sex, age, BMI, diabetic nephropathy, as well as albumin at baseline were independently associated with albumin at 1 year. Every 1 year of age rise would result in a 3.9% increase in the risk of mortality (HR = 1.039, 95%CI 1.016–1.061, p = 0.001). Every 1 g/L increase in albumin at 1 year after PD confers an 8.7% decrease in the risk of mortality (HR = 0.913, 95%CI 0.856–0.973, p = 0.005). Conclusion The level of serum albumin was increased in the first year of PD. Serum albumin after 1 year of PD predicted mortality in peritoneal dialysis.


This article examines the relationship between alcohol use and sexual abuse for both male perpetrators and female survivors with a special emphasis on antecedent factors of substance abuse for survivors. Treatment issues for women survivors are discussed and therapeutic interventions are suggested. Finally, the use of 12-step programs in a manner which is helpful with survivors is discussed.


In recent years, international terrorism transformate rapidly and improve constantly, the relationship between international terrorist organizations intertwined jumbled. This article based on Social Network Analysis, we build an international terrorist organization organization association relationship matrix and international terrorist organization regional distribution relationship matrix, using network analysis software UCINET to generate relevant network model diagram, then the network characteristics are calculated and analyzed by numerical social network, it can reveals the social status and influence of the size of each terrorist organization in the network. The measured values can be applied to the formulation of China's anti-terrorism strategy. Introduction Social network analysis is a study of the interaction between social actors, based on a point to represent the social actors, with the connection between the point and the point to represent some kind of social relationships among actors, thus quantify these social relationships a method for analyzing the [1-3]. Based on the most current anti-terrorism launched from within the social networks of terrorist organizations and personnel event of its manufacture, or be analyzed according to certain specific cases, but in recent years the relationship between terrorist organizations intertwined jumbled, exist under the assignment, interactive support, cooperation conspiracy, declared their loyalty, etc. [4-6]. Based on Social Network Theory and Analysis of different terrorist organizations relationship matrix, using the NetDraw visualization capabilities UCINET software plotted terrorist association network model, the characteristics of the network of numerical analysis, researchers found that characteristics and trends of terrorist networks, in order to Antiterrorism and provide more valuable information. Construction of International Terrorist Networks


The changing role of "the public" figures prominently in both legal and literary studies of the eighteenth century. Trevor Ross's Writing in Public (2018) demonstrates how legal changes relating to copyright, defamation, and seditious libel shaped the emergence of a new category of literature in the later eighteenth century. The work develops a schematic and idealist account of the changing relationship between norms of law and literature as mediated by the idea of "the public" that might be enhanced by further attention to the continued diversity of literary expression and literary sociability that has characterized a substantial amount of recent scholarship on the eighteenth century. It also remains unclear as to whether the eighteenth-century notions of publicity were really novel, especially in the light of work on medieval and renaissance era notions of public opinion that demonstrate that the concept has a long history that is not unique to the modern era.


The purpose of the study was to analyze the repaired strategy and trouble sources in normal geriatrics. 20 geriatrics (10 males &10 females) in the age range of 70-80 years with no history of speech and hearing problem, neurological problem and who spoke Malayalam as their native language participated in the present study. Narrative samples of familiar and unfamiliar tasks were taken analyzed to study types of trouble sources (phonological, morphological- syntactic, semantic, discourse) and repair strategies (repetition, unrelated, elaboration, reduction and substitution) along with the complexity and success of resolution (most successful, successful and unsuccessful) and repair complexity (simple or complex) and the repair sequences were analyzed based on self-initiated self-repairs and SI-incomplete utterances and also the data was analyzed in terms of Type Token Ratio (TTR) using the systematic procedure. The results showed that there is a highly significant difference between the trouble sources, type of repair strategies, repair sequences and resolutions in familiar and unfamiliar tasks. The comparison of TTR for both familiar and unfamiliar task revealed there is a highly significant difference for both open and closed class words and also the unfamiliar tasks have more trouble sources, repair sequences, repair strategies and resolutions. Communication skills are seen to be deteriorated as a function of age.


Results are presented from simultaneous optical and radio observations of the BL Lacertae object 0716 + 714. During a 4-week period of continuous monitoring the source displayed in both wavelength regimes a transition between states of fast and slow variability with a change of the typical variability time scale from about 1 day to about 7 days. The simultaneous transition is interpreted as evidence for intrinsic source variability, and some consequences for the optical and radio emission regions are discussed. 19 refs.


Fe2O3 substituted 45S5 bioactive - glasses were prepared. Glass - derived Bioactive Glass - ceramics were obtained through controlled crystallization of bioactive glasses. Nucleation and crystallization regimes were determined by the parameters obtained from differential thermal analysis (DTA) of bioactive - glasses. The formed crystalline phases in bioactive glass - ceramics were identified using X - ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Surfaces of bioactive glasses and glass - ceramics were investigated by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) reflectance spectrometry. The bioactivity of bioactive glasses and glass - ceramics was investigated through immersion studies in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution for different time periods by FTIR reflectance spectrometry with monitoring the pH changes and the concentration of silicon, sodium, calcium, phosphorus and iron ions in SBF solution. The density, micro hardness and flexural strength of bioactive glasses and glass - ceramics were measured. Experimental results show that a decrease in glass nucleation and crystallization temperature of 45S5 bioactive - glass by doping of Fe2O3 in it and the formation of crystalline phases of sodium calcium silicate, in bioactive glass - ceramics. The bioactivity nearly remains same by doping 1% of Fe2O3 by weight, but after that it decreases. Crystalliziation of bioactive glasses decreases the bioactivity. The density, micro hardness and flexural strength of bioactive glass - ceramics are higher than their respective bioactive glasses and also it increases with increasing Fe2O3 content.


The present invention provides a polarizer and polarization modulation system. Polarizer comprises at least one MMI multimode waveguide, one side of each MMI multimode waveguide is connected to the input waveguide, the other side is connected to the output waveguide, MMI multimode waveguide the end on the side of the output waveguide is positioned adjustable portion is provided, the adjustable portion is connected to the output waveguide, a polarizer further includes a controller connected to the adjustable portion, the controller is to vary the material characteristics of the adjustable portion is configured to perform a control, thereby, the output waveguides for outputting a plurality of optical signals of a plurality of different polarization states. The present invention provides an adjustable polarization structure is simple.


Near equipartition magnetic fields are predicted by gamma ray bursters models and astronomical observations, in general associated with shocks or regions with colliding streams of particles. These scenarios require the conversion of kinetic energy in the outgoing plasma shells into B-fields. How the magnetic fields are generated and how particles are accelerated is still an open question, that can only be definitely addressed via fully kinetic three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations. These shocks are collisionless because dissipation is dominated by wave–particle interactions, i.e., it is accomplished by particle scattering in turbulent electromagnetic fields generated at the shock front, or equivalently the mean free path is much longer than the shock front thickness (a few collisionless skin depths or a few Larmor radii, in magnetized plasmas). Plasma instabilities driven by streaming particles, such as the Weibel instability, are responsible for the excitation of these turbulent electromagnetic fields. Three-dimensional fully kinetic electromagnetic relativistic particle-in-cell simulations for the collision of two interpenetrating plasma shells were performed using the code OSIRIS [Fonseca et al., Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 2331, 342 (2002)], showing (i) the generation of long-lived near-equipartition quasistatic (electro)magnetic fields, (ii) nonthermal particle acceleration, and (iii) short-scale to long-scale B-field evolution. These results may be important to understand magnetic field generation and particle acceleration in relativistic collisionless shock fronts, in gamma ray bursters, pulsar winds, and radio supernovae, and open the way to the full 3D kinetic modeling of relativistic shocks.Near equipartition magnetic fields are predicted by gamma ray bursters models and astronomical observations, in general associated with shocks or regions with colliding streams of particles. These scenarios require the conversion of kinetic energy in the outgoing plasma shells into B-fields. How the magnetic fields are generated and how particles are accelerated is still an open question, that can only be definitely addressed via fully kinetic three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations. These shocks are collisionless because dissipation is dominated by wave–particle interactions, i.e., it is accomplished by particle scattering in turbulent electromagnetic fields generated at the shock front, or equivalently the mean free path is much longer than the shock front thickness (a few collisionless skin depths or a few Larmor radii, in magnetized plasmas). Plasma instabilities driven by streaming particles, such as the Weibel instability, are responsible for the excitation of these turbulent electromagnetic fi...


Partial discharge (PD) is a phenomenon often occurring in insulation system defects (cavities), which can significantly affect life and reliability. While broad knowledge on PD phenomenology of high-frequency transformers (HFT) has been achieved under ac sinusoidal voltage, much less work has been done to infer PD behavior under emerging high frequency pulsewidth modulation (PWM) operation conditions. An impediment has been the limited appropriate test equipment. A recently developed novel ±5 kV GaN-based high-frequency PWM supply with controllable dV/dt, voltage level and frequency has been developed. This article explores the application of these measurements to the testing of materials in this electrical environment. Two commonly used windings for HFT were tested under different applied voltage magnitudes, frequencies, and slew rates. According to the test results, at high frequency (up to 50 kHz) the electric field generated by space charge deposited by PD occurring during previous PWM pulses plays an important role in PD behavior. The frequency dependent permittivity of the insulation material can also affect PD measurement results.