Objectives:To assess magnetic resonance (MR)-colonography (MRC) for detection of colorectal lesions using two different T1w three-dimensional (3D)-gradient-recalled echo (GRE)-sequences and integrated parallel data acquisition (iPAT) at a 3.0 Tesla MR-unit. Materials and Methods:In this prospective study, 34 symptomatic patients underwent dark lumen MRC at a 3.0 Tesla unit before conventional colonoscopy (CC). After colon distension with tap water, 2 high-resolution T1w 3D-GRE [3-dimensional fast low angle shot (3D-FLASH), iPAT factor 2 and 3D-volumetric interpolated breathhold examination (VIBE), iPAT 3] sequences were acquired without and after bolus injection of gadolinium. Prospective evaluation of MRC was performed. Image quality of the different sequences was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. The findings of the same day CC served as standard of reference. Results:MRC identified all polyps >5 mm (16 of 16) in size and all carcinomas (4 of 4) correctly. Fifty percent of the small polyps ≤5 mm (4 of 8) were visualized by MRC. Diagnostic quality was excellent in 94% (384 of 408 colonic segments) using the 3D-FLASH and in 92% (376 of 408) for the VIBE. The 3D-FLASH sequence showed a 3-fold increase in signal-to-noise ratio (8 ± 3.3 standard deviation (SD) in lesions without contrast enhancement (CE); 24.3 ± 7.8 SD after CE). For the 3D-VIBE sequence, signal-to-noise ratio doubled in the detected lesions (147 ± 54 SD without and 292 ± 168 SD after CE). Although image quality was ranked lower in the VIBE, the image quality score of both sequences showed no statistical significant difference (&khgr;2 > 0.6). Conclusions:MRC using 3D-GRE-sequences and iPAT is feasible at 3.0 T-systems. The high-resolution 3D-FLASH was slightly preferred over the 3D-VIBE because of better image quality, although both used sequences showed no statistical significant difference.


The scope of this paper is to investigate whether imitation strategies adopted by startups are effective in the pursuit of enhanced entrepreneurial innovation. To this end, a literature review was carried out in order to develop a research framework with factors related to imitation predicting entrepreneurial innovation. Moreover, managerial skills and entrepreneurial skills were incorporated as predictors of entrepreneurial innovation. In this respect, a structured questionnaire was developed to address these research objectives, based on scales tested in previous studies. In 2020, a survey was conducted on 486 startup owners operating in Greece, and a total of 289 responses were received. A hierarchical regression analysis was employed in order to examine the research framework. In congruence with the hypotheses, the findings demonstrated that outcome-based imitation strategies and trait-based imitation strategies positively affect the development of entrepreneurial innovation. Moreover, the positive impact of managerial and entrepreneurial skills on the development of entrepreneurial innovation was also confirmed. In contrast, the findings suggest that frequency-based imitation strategies negatively predict entrepreneurial innovation. However, outcome-based imitation and trait-based imitation strategies have been shown as the determinants with a positive impact on entrepreneurial innovation.


With the aid of perturbation analysis of vibration frequencies and mode shapes it is shown that any lower vibration mode of a torsionally coupled building may be approximated as a linear combination of three vibration modes of the corresponding torsionally uncoupled system (a system with coincident centres of mass and resistance but all other properties are identical to the actual system): one translational mode along each of the two principal axes of resistance and one mode in torsional vibration. This result provides the motivation for a simpler—relative to the standard—procedure for analysing the response of torsionally coupled multistorey buildings to earthquake ground motion. To illustrate the application and accuracy of this procedure two numerical examples are presented.


From the perspective of cognitive science, it is illuminating to think of much contemporary scientific research as taking place in distributed cognitive systems. This is particularly true of large-scale experimental and observational systems such as the Hubble Telescope. Clark, Hutchins, Knorr-Cetina, and Latour insist or imply such a move requires expanding our notions of knowledge, mind, and even consciousness. Whether this is correct seems to me not a straightforward factual question. Rather, the issue seems to be how best to develop a theoretical understanding of such systems appropriate to the study of science and technology. I argue that there is no need to attribute to such systems as a whole any form of cognitive agency. We can well understand the importance of such systems while restricting agency to the human components. The implication is that we think of these large-scale distributed cognitive systems not so much as unified wholes, but as hybrid systems including both physical artifacts and ordinary humans.


Research focused on C{sub 1} transition metal complexes that are relevant to CO{sub 2} activation and fixation. First, we prepared and studied new metallocarboxylic acids, a class of compounds proposed as intermediates in the Water Gas Shift reaction and CO{sub 2} reductions, and the corresponding metallocarboxylate anions. Next, we prepared and structurally characterized a large number of CO{sub 2}-bridged bimetallic compounds (models for metal surface-bound CO{sub 2}) and established structure-spectra correlations for the three general types of compounds identified. The next phase involved the synthesis and studies of putative catalytic intermediates derived from rhenium and ruthenium polypyridyl complexes in order to establish their fundamental reaction characteristics. Finally, we progressed to the design of a possible catalytic sequence which could account for C{sub 2} products formed in ruthenium-catalyzed CO{sub 2} reductions and to the synthesis, characterization and studies of the reactions of expected intermediates in the catalytic sequence.


Effect of silica fume on fresh properties, compressive strength at 28 days and fracture behavior
of fly ash concrete composite were studied in this paper. Test results indicated that the fluidity and
flowability of fly ash concrete composites decreased and fly ash concrete composite are more cohesive and
appear to be sticky with the addition of silica fume. Addition of silica fume was very effective in improving
the compressive strength at 28 days of fly ash concrete composite, and the compressive strength of fly ash
concrete composite has a trend of increase with the increase of silica fume content. Results also indicated
that all the fracture parameters of effective crack length, fracture toughness, fracture energy, the critical crack
opening displacement and the maximum crack opening displacement of fly ash concrete composite
decreased with the addition of silica fume. When the content of silica fume increased from 3% to 12%, these
fracture parameters decreased gradually with the increase of silica fume content. Furthermore, silica fume
had great effect on the relational curves of the three-point bending beam specimen. As the silica fume
content increased from 3% to 12%, the areas surrounded by the three relational curves and the axes were
becoming smaller and smaller, which indicated that the capability of concrete composite containing fly ash
to resist crack propagation was becoming weaker and weaker.


By improving the Hessian matrix diagonal parameter, adjusting the hyperplane displacement and separating the few samples from two-class imbalanced samples, with reference to the hidden Markov random iterated algorithm, the experiment indicates that we cannot simply fix the diagonal parameter of Hessian matrix, and must add proper weight coefficient that can be adjusted to control the number of error-divided samples, recognize promoter sequence. The average recognition rate comes to 92.8%.


The object of the present paper is to study almost pseudo m-projectively symmetric manifolds. Some geometric properties of almost pseudo m-projectively symmetric manifolds have been studied under certain curvature conditions. Finally the existence of almost pseudo m-projectively symmetric manifolds is shown by examples. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 53C25


Summary: In the field of car electronics, in addition to the harsh conditions of temperature $(-40^{\circ}\mathrm{C}-+130^{\circ}\mathrm{C})$ and wide-spectrum vibrations, there is a danger of the vehicle igniting in the event of impacts producing a short circuit of the electrical conductors, which remain under voltage. The paper describes an automatic disconnection system of the car general power supply made with a modem device produced by Infineon - Gate Tum-Off Thyristor (GTO) - automatically operated by impact-sensitive electronic systems. At the end of the paper are mentioned the problems that occur in the modern supply of vehicles with DC voltage of 42V and the results obtained by the authors in the design of electronic circuits.


Accurate segmentation of moving objects in image sequences is of paramount importance for many object based multimedia applications. In this thesis, we present a novel automatic, multi-frame, region-feature based object segmentation technique. It combines the advantages of feature based methods and gradient based methods. Salient region features are extracted from the first two frames of an image sequence and are tracked over a number of fiames. Trajectory clustering is then performed to group these features into putative objects, from which a set of motion models are estimated. Final segmentation result is ob tained by region classification based on these motion models. The proposed technique uses both static and motion information to precisely localize object boundaries. It provides reliable and coherent interpretation of the scene over time by exploiting temporal information from several fiames. Experimental results on a variety of image sequences clearly show its advantages over traditional techniques.


An intervention designed to clarify individual roles was tested experimentally on the business service division of a major university. Following a pre-test which identified role stress as a significant problem in the organization, top managers clarified their respective departmental roles in meeting organizational objectives. This was followed by a post-test (Time 2) survey of workers'stressors and symptoms. Supervisors were then trained in the method of clarifying subordinate roles using a dyadic exchange process. Workers were randomly assigned to either participate in a thorough role clarification discussion with their supervisors or join a wait-list control group. Based on a follow-up (Time 3) questionnaire, the intervention appeared to reduce role ambiguity and supervisor dissatisfaction. There were no effects on other aspects of subjective strain, physical symptoms, or time lost due to illness. Role conflict decreased in both the experimental and control groups. We discuss the implications of these findings for systemic efforts to reduce employee stress.


In a randomized prospective therapeutic study, 33 patients with perioral dermatitis received a topical erythromycin preparation, 35 received oral tetracycline and 31 received placebo. The treatment response was evaluated by papule count Oral tetracycline and the topical erythromycin preparation were superior to placebo in achieving a satisfactory therapeutic response (0 to 10 remaining papules) (P< 0.001) and in reducing the number of papules on several follow-up visits starting on day 20. The topical erythromycin preparation performed similarly to oral tetracycline; it was well tolerated, appeared to be effective and for these reasons represents a valuable alternative to oral tetracycline in treating patients with perioral dermatitis.


Background Various forms of radiation (radioactive, UV) cause cellular damage, which may lead to premature cell death or accumulation of somatic mutations which may lead to initiation and progression of malignancy. The damage is mediated in part by free radicals, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Reizenstein, Med Oncol Tumor Pharmacother. 1991;8:229). Fermented papaya preparation (FPP) is a product of yeast fermentation of Carica papaya Linn . FPP has been shown to have anti-oxidative potential by scavenging ROS, as well as by chelating excess iron (Prus & Fibach J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2012;26:203). Free iron species, such as the labile iron pool (LIP), participate in chemical reactions that generate ROS (Haber-Weiss and Fenton reactions). We studied the potential effect of FPP in preventing radiation-induced damage to various intracellular components in cultured human fibroblasts and myeloid leukemia (HL60) cells and in mice.

Methods Cultured cells, human foreskin fibroblasts and myeloid leukemia (HL-60), were irradiated at various doses (0-18 Gy (Gammacell® 220, MDS Nordion, Excel, Canada). FPP (Osato Research Institute, Gifu, Japan) (10-100 µg/ml, was added either before or after irradiation. The cells were assayed after 1-3 days: Their survival was estimated by CellTiter 96® Aqueous Non-Radioactive Cell Proliferation assay. Apoptosis was determined by staining for phosphatidylserine exposure (by fluorescent Annexin V) and for intracellular uptake of propidium iodide. ROS was measured by staining with dichlorofluoresceine diacetate, and the LIP - with calcein-AM. The effects on the DNA were estimated by measuring 8-oxyguanine (a marker of DNA oxidation), using a fluorescent specific probe, and DNA instability was measured by the "comet assay", a single-cell gel electrophoresis procedure. Apoptosis, ROS, LIP and 8-oxyguanine were quantified by flow cytometry. Experiments were also carried out on irradiated mice treated with FPP (by adding it to the drinking water) either before or after irradiation. The above mentioned parameters were assayed in their bone marrow cells in addition to determining their survival.

Results The results indicated that FPP has significant (P<0.05) ameliorating effects on radiation-induced increase of LIP and generation of ROS, as well as on the generation of 8-oxyguanine and DNA instability. In addition, apoptosis was decreased and consequently the survival of the cells was increased ([Fig. 1A][1]). Moreover, about 60% of 14 Gy-irradiated mice that received 100 mg/ml of FPP in their drinking water were still alive after 30 days ([Fig. 1B][1]).

![Fig 1][2]

Fig 1
Effect of FPP on irradiation-induced lethality of cultured normal human foreskin fibroblasts (A) and mice (B)

Conclusions FPP was able to protect the short-term effects of radiation on cultured cells by increasing their viability. A similar effect was found in mice. The improvement in DNA instability induced by FPP may influence the long-term effects of radiation, such as the development of secondary leukemia, in patients who receive radiotherapy for their primary tumors.

Disclosures: Fibach: Osato Research Institute, Gifu, Japan: Consultancy, Research Funding. Rachmilewitz: Osato Research Institute, Gifu, Japan: Consultancy, Research Funding.

 [1]: #F1
 [2]: pending:yes


Simple Summary Vocal nodules, together with vocal polyps, are the most common benign vocal cord structures that are thought to be caused by extensive vocal abuse (shouting, talking loudly for prolonged periods) and are routinely treated surgically. However, surgical excision of these nodules, does not exclude the possibility of recurrence of these nodules, especially if lifestyle changes are not adapted to prevent phonetic trauma. Furthermore, the etiopathogenetic pathways governing the formation and maintenance of these nodules are not known. Herein, we investigated the etiopathogenetic markers for proliferation, apoptosis, growth, ischemia (tissue hypoxia), inflammation and innervation to elucidate the causative pathways. We found a profound and significant intensification of apoptosis in tissue epithelium, which strongly correlated with proliferative, ischemic, and inflammatory changes, highlighting the underlying complex interactions between various mechanisms on a cellular and tissue level, which occur during the morpho-pathogenesis of vocal nodules. Abstract Vocal nodules (or Singer's nodules) are benign vocal cord structures which are commonly encountered by clinicians. Though phonetic trauma/abuse is thought to be the main cause of the development of vocal nodules, the exact etiopathogenesis remains unknown. Hence, we compared the immunohistochemical markers for proliferation (Ki-67), apoptosis (TUNEL), growth (EGFR), ischemia (VEGF), inflammation (IL-1α and 10), and immunoreactive innervation (PGP 9.5), in vocal nodule tissue samples obtained from 10 females (17–56 years) and vocal cord tissue from seven controls. A statistically significant increase in Ki-67, TUNEL, EGFR, VEGF and IL-1α expression was noted (p < 0.05) between nodule tissue and control tissue in both epithelial and subepithelial layers. However, the difference was non-significant for both IL-10 and PGP 9.5 (p > 0.05). All markers demonstrated moderate to strong positive correlations, except for IL-10. These findings suggest increased cellular growth and proliferation in vocal nodules coupled with a persistent presence of inflammatory and ischemic environment. Furthermore, global prevalence of apoptotic cells and decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines highlight the presence of underlying complex mechanisms in the etiopathogenesis of vocal nodules, with age having a negligible impact on the marker levels. Our results could potentially further our knowledge in understanding the effects of different treatment modalities available at the cellular level.


From the Jin Dynasty all the way to the Song Dynasty,there had been a general shift from stressing "vitality and vigor" to emphasizing "spirit and rhyme" in commentaries on the styles of Tao Yuanming's poetic writings.This paper tries to delineate the threads of such shifts from macro perspectives and,at the same time,interprets and analyzes several important texts commenting on Tao's poetry.It is found that,due to changes in people's aesthetic perception and evolution in aesthetic ethos of the time as a whole,people in the Song Dynasty tended to appreciate Tao's poetic works by emphasizing the "spirit and rhyme" and thus were better able to reveal the nuances and delicacies of Tao's poetry.


Determinacy is the aim that human search during the course ofrecognition.But with the development ofscience, human discover that indeterminacy is the essence ofthe world.The contingency and randomness ofbiomutation indicate that there are many indeterminacy during the course oflife movement and changes ofdiseases.In ancient, the Chinese people grasped the movement and change rules ofobjective objects by mode reasoning under the condition ofindeterminacy and diversity.They applied the mode reasoning into TCM to study the multivariate life state ofhuman body, and to grasp the movement and change rules oflife and diseases.


ABSTRACT Fatih Akin is often hailed as 'the most European German director'. In his documentary Crossing the Bridge, Akin utilizes the various insider/outsider positions of his German–Turkish experience in order to explore the city of Istanbul as an urban imaginary that renders the city, a part of the European imagination, despite its geopolitical exclusion from the EU. Mapping the musical spaces Istanbul provides and suppresses simultaneously, the film explores the city's geographical and cultural location at the verge (yet never quite a part) of Europe. Crossing and bridging East and West routinely, the film investigates these tensions as foundational to collective imaginaries. We suggest that Akin sketches a sonic postcard of the multicultural and aesthetically heterogeneous city, appealing to a contemporary cinematic sense of 'Europeanness'. Correspondingly, Akin's musical mapping of urban diversity invokes 'Turkishness' as already 'European', to the extent that it attaches itself to an urban experience of modernity and cultural production. Through the eyes of German musician Alexander Hacke, the film offers a cinematic version of politically versatile flânerie and the mediation of dissensual cultural production. Crossing the Bridge thereby ultimately works to situate Istanbul within a cinematic European imaginary, negotiating (and bridging) multiple cultural and political encounters.


Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is involved in many industries including cleaning nowadays. The influence factors and usage levels of PPE are very different based on groups. The data in this research is to collect and analysis through the qualitative method. A total of 34 cleaners was observed and interviewed. In this study, the influence factors of PPE usage included the scope of job tasks and works environment, organization culture, rule and enforcement, PPE accessibility/ availability, personal feeling and perspective, knowledge and awareness on safety and hazard factors, and personal behavior. The result also showed that the PPE usage condition is good at a moderate level which fits the cleaning tasks and works environment. The risk of cleaners is low. However, UCLEANSB takes safety action to maintain and enhance the PPE usage among cleaners. For further study, the study can implement to other diverse cleaning group samples with different job task categories.


PURPOSE: A method for forming a capacitor of a semiconductor device is provided to improve productivity and reliability of dielectric deposition processing by forming a laminated dielectric film of HfO2-Al2O3 in a single chamber using PE-ALD(Plasma Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition). CONSTITUTION: A storage node oxide layer is formed on a silicon substrate(31) having a contact plug(37). A storage node contact hole is formed to expose the contact plug by selectively etching the storage node oxide layer. A storage node electrode(43a) is formed in the storage node contact hole. After the remaining storage node oxide layer is removed, a laminated dielectric film(45) of HfO2-Al2O3 is formed on the storage node electrode by PE-ALD. Then, an upper electrode is formed on the dielectric film.


Neurologic paraneoplastic syndromes (NPSs) account for a tiny percentage of the complications seen in cancer patients, but they were the starting point for the interest of neurology in a discipline that would later be dubbed neuro-oncology. The possibility that not all neurologic lesions seen in cancer patients are due to metastases was first considered by Heinrich Oppenheim in 1888. However, the concept of the remote effect of cancer on the nervous system was first articulated by Derek Denny-Brown, when, in 1948, he reported two patients with lung carcinoma and sensory neuronopathy. The pioneers who further developed this field were mainly British neurologists: Peter Croft, Ronald Henson and Marcia Wilkinson. In the early 1960s these authors confirmed the association of cancer with sensory neuronopathy, and described other paraneoplastic diseases such as limbic encephalomyelitis and subacute cerebellar degeneration. Thanks to the interest of Lord Brain, then editor of the journal, most of the seminal papers were published in Brain . In 1965, Lord Brain and Raymond Adams provided the first clinical classification and pathological characterization of NPSs in their concluding chapter to the remarkable and now classic book edited by Lord Brain and Forbes Norris from San Francisco, The remote effect of cancer on the nervous system (1965).

But the pathogenesis of these conditions remained mysterious for some time. Jerome Posner and his associates Francesc Grauss, Josep Dalmau and many others have contributed more than anyone else to the understanding of NPSs by identifying specific antibodies directed against onconeural antigens expressed by some tumours and the nervous system. These antibodies are able to slow tumour growth and even eradicate the cancerous lesion, but their role in the pathogenesis of NPSs has not been entirely elucidated. In Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) the circulating antibodies, directed against voltage-gated calcium-channel protein, are clearly …


Beauty occur, we must say that these whole states (on account of the presence of Personal Affection and Contemplation of Beauty, and irrespective of what their other constituents may be), are always good-i. e., the concrete states are good as Wholes. But in (I) we do not take actual unabridged concrete cases, whereas this is what Mr. Moore sometimes seems to insist upon as a requirement of method (see "Principia Ethica," ? 55). It may be observed that to do this-to take actual concrete states as wholes-would apparently make even an extensive definition" of The Good out of the question-it would surely reduce us to that hopelessly unsystematic ethical view which Professor Sidgwick calls Perceptional Intuitionism. In (2) we do adopt this procedure; but as Mr. Moore will not allow it to be done in the case of e. g., Pleasant Consciousness, inconsistency of method seems again to be the result. E. E. C. JONES. GIRTON COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE.


dents say "I don't want to die" (i.e. "I want to live") rather than "I want to die" might have helped care staff understand the similarity between care providers and care receivers (i.e. they are both mortal), prompting care providers to be more compassionate, to ponder the meaning of care and to be more positive about end-of-life care. This hypothesis should be assessed with the precise methods in the future study. The present study showed the need for further education about death and dying. We found that: (i) many carers were affected by the residents' discourses about death (i.e. their desire to die or fear of dying); and (ii) the main reasons for negative attitudes toward end-of-life care were lack of confidence about their skills and anticipatory regret. Therefore, it is necessary to improve carers' competence in coping with death-related issues in the workplace, as suggested by Anstey et al., who argue that the most important way to overcome obstacles involved in end-of-life care in nursing homes is staff education.


Flesh browning,mealiness and softening are the main causes of postharvest deterioration of nectarines. The gas application at two concentrations of 1-methylcyclopropene and MA package were evaluated on nectarine ('Qinglang') stored for 19, 33, 47 and 61 days at 0℃.The results indicated that the treatment of 1-MCP and MA package decreased the activities of PPO and POD,maintained fruit firmness, delayed fruit softening,decreased flesh browning and avoided mealiness.Treatment with 1-MCP significantly inhibited the respiration of fruit, but it had no effect on solube solids content.


This study aims to determine the effect of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Degree Financial Leverage (DFL) and Degree Operating Leverage (DOL) on firm value. Effect of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Degree Financial Leverage (DFL) and Degree Operating Leverage (DOL) on profitability. Effect of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Degree Financial Leverage (DFL) and Degree Operating Leverage (DOL) simultaneously on profitability. And to determine the effect of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Degree Financial Leverage (DFL) and Degree Operating Leverage (DOL) on the value of the company with profitability as an intervening variable. In this study using quantitative methods. Data analysis techniques in quantitative research using statistics, namely descriptive statistics. The results of this study indicate that DER has a significant effect on firm value. DFL and DOL have no significant effect on firm value. ROA affects and significantly affects the value of the company. DER has no effect on ROA but has a significant effect. Then DFL & DOL has no significant effect on ROA. DER, DFL & DOL simultaneously have a significant and positive effect on ROA. DER & DFL through ROA has a direct and significant influence on company value. And DOL through ROA on company value has an indirect and significant influence on firm value. Keywords: Leverage Ratio, Profitability (Return On Assets), and company value


Thank you for reading in the fifth world portrait of the navajo nation. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen readings like this in the fifth world portrait of the navajo nation, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious bugs inside their computer. in the fifth world portrait of the navajo nation is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the in the fifth world portrait of the navajo nation is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Traditional concerns regarding space domain awareness are exacerbated in cislunar space due to highly nonlinear dynamics, limited viewing geometries, and increasingly overloaded Earth-based resources. These concerns motivate the investigation of space-based navigation and observation capabilities which lend themselves to autonomy. This paper expands upon previous results to demonstrate that relative optical measurements provide simultaneous navigation of a primary spacecraft and observation of a secondary spacecraft. First, linear observability analysis proves that relative optical measurements fully estimate the dual spacecraft system over various orbits. Subsequently, the Optimal Control Based Estimator is modified with the Unscented Transformation to account for the strongly nonlinear dynamics and then leveraged to generate a state solution along with an estimated control policy. Finally, the estimated control policy is employed to identify and classify maneuvers. Collectively, this methodology directly enables a chaser craft to navigate to a final docking phase autonomously and provides a basis for further research into autonomous operations in cislunar space.


Monolayer protected gold nanoparticles synthesised by a two-phase method contain a significant amount of tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOABr), the quaternary ammonium salt used as the phase transfer reagent, as a persistently retained impurity. A simple purification protocol is described.


The validity of the Langevin equation (both classical and quantum) is studied in cases when not all the equations of motion are linear. In particular, a model is studied in which the interaction is bilinear in the environment variables. We conclude that the equation is valid only for frequencies close to the frequency of the system alone. If the equation of motion of the system alone is nonlinear, we are unable to find a condition for the validity of the Langevin equation.


The embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for generating a hot plug detect signal by using an optical converter in a display standard. An electro-optic converter allocates an electrical channel between a source device and a sink device to an optical channel and includes: a main channel unit which transmits a main channel signal from the source device to the sink device; and a bidirectional auxiliary channel unit which receives an auxiliary channel signal for supporting a main channel from the source device, transmits the auxiliary channel signal to the sink device, receives the auxiliary channel signal from the sink device, and transmits the auxiliary channel signal to the source device. A hot plug detect signal is received from the sink device by using the auxiliary channel unit.


Abstract
In order to develop optimal data processing algorithms in ballistic laser gravimeters under the effect of correlated interference, the method of generalized least squares is applied. In this case, to describe the interference, a mathematical model of the autoregression process is used, for which the inverse correlation matrix has a band type and is expressed through the values of the autoregression coefficients. To convert the "path-time" data from the output of the coincidence circuit of ballistic laser gravimeters to a process uniform in time, their local quadratic interpolation is used.
Algorithms for data processing in a ballistic gravimeter, developed on the basis of a method of weighted least squares using orthogonal Hahn polynomials, are considered. To implement a symmetric measurement method, the symmetric Hahn polynomials, characterized by one parameter, are used.
The method of mathematical modelling is used to study the gain in the accuracy of measuring the gravitational acceleration by the synthesized algorithms in comparison with the algorithm based on the method of least squares. It is shown that auto seismic interference in ballistic laser gravimeters with a symmetric measurement method can be significantly reduced by using a mathematical model of the second-order autoregressive process in the method of generalized least squares. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of the algorithms developed using the method of generalized least squares, the method of weighted least squares and the method of ordinary least squares is carried out.


Task-driven teaching method is the specific application of constructivism theory in pedagogy.The task-driven teaching method is often applied into the teaching of technology curriculum at present.However,it is rare to see the research that the task-driven teaching method is applied into chemistry teaching,especially into weaker rural junior middle school chemistry teaching.This paper points out the importance that the task-driven teaching method integrates into chemistry teaching of rural junior middle school,chemistry teaching of rural junior middle school to face the deficiency of hardware and software currently was analysed.It focuses on designing the specific path to the integration.


Geological information is of little value in the absence of location data regarding the site where the observation was made. Topographic maps have traditionally been used for this purpose; however, this role has now been taken over by GPS receivers. The past decade has seen the development of compact and inexpensive GPS receivers, the so-called GPS loggers, which sequentially record positional data every 1–15 seconds. Such data can be linked with, for example, image files taken by a digital camera, using common time-stamp data. The geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) of the site where the image was taken are embedded within the image file as metadata (i.e., a geotag). This paper introduces a geotagging system designed for use with a GPS logger and digital camera, and examines the accuracy and precision of positioning by GPS logger, as well as its application in geological surveys.


David Blackwell was born on April 24, 1919, in Centralia, Illinois. He entered the University of Illinois in 1935, and received his A.B. in 1938, his A.M. in 1939, and his Ph.D. in 1941, all in mathematics. He was a member of the faculty at Howard University from 1944 to 1954, and has been a Professor of Statistics at the University of California, Berkeley, since that time. He was President of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics in 1955. He has also been Vice President of the American Statistical Association, the International Statistical Institute, and the American Mathematical Society, and President of the Bernoulli Society. He is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society and was awarded the von Neumann Theory Prize by the Operations Research Society of America and the Institute of Management Sciences in 1979. He has received honorary degrees from the University of Illinois, Michigan State University, Southern Illinois University, and Carnegie-Mellon University. The following conversation took place in his office at Berkeley one morning in October 1984.


In this work, a novel vertical β-Ga<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> junction barrier Schottky diodes (JBSDs) with periodically distributed Ga<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>/NiO heterojunction and field plate (FP) are fabricated and investigated. Its large size anode contact area (A) is designed with 3×3 mm2 and 4×4mm2. The measured breakdown voltage (BV) and specific on-resistance (R<inf>on,sp</inf>) values for the fabricated FP JBSD with A = 9mm2/16mm2 are 550V/500V and 11mΩ•cm2/15mΩ•cm2, respectively. The current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of 16mm2 FP JBSD are investigated before and after long-term high-temperature stress. These results show that the fabricated large-size Ga<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> FP JBSD achieves good electrical performance and thermal reliability, showing the great potential of Ga<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> JBSD to operate under high-temperature condition.


The invention describes an electric brake actuator. The actuator comprises a housing, an electric motor, a device for torque transmission and an element for torque output. The device for torque transmission is a gear mechanism with a gear shaft which is parallel to the motor shaft, wherein the torque is transmitted from the electric motor to the gear mechanism by means of a belt drive. The distance between the motor shaft and the gear shaft is fixed by means of a rigid spacer whose opposite ends are located on different sides of the plane which is defined by the belt of the belt drive.


The search for high-amplitude infrared variable stars with the Vista Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) survey yields 106 likely YSOs with eruptive light curves, increasing the number of known eruptive variable YSOs by a factor of about 5. Spectroscopic follow-up confirms 19 objects as new additions to the variable class. These differ from FUors and EXors as they are generally optically obscured systems at earlier stages of evolution, show 1 to 4 year duration of the outbursts and have a mixture of the spectroscopic characteristics of both


Background Obesity is a serious health problem worldwide and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a therapeutic option in obese patients. Helicobacter pylori infection increases the risk for gastric pathology and plays a role in limiting access to bariatric surgery. This study aimed to evaluate prevalence of different histopathologic changes in LSG, including H. pylori and non-H. pylori gastritis in the gastrectomy specimens and risk factors associated. Materials and methods Sleeve gastrectomy specimens (542 patients) were examined histopathologically for detection of different histopathologic changes and presence of H. pylori, which was confirmed with Giemsa stain. Assessment of association of different risk factors with frequent histopathologic changes was done. Lastly, we examined the agreement of histopathology and serology methods for H. pylori diagnosis. Results The results demonstrated a relatively high H. pylori infection (38.7%), and it was significantly associated with chronic active gastritis, chronic superficial gastritis, and follicular gastritis (P<0.001). The serological diagnosis has sensitivity of 64.4% and specificity of 79.6%. Conclusion Routine histopathological biopsies with LSG are useful in detection of different histopathological changes, including H. pylori infection, which may affect the prognosis of the surgery. Biopsy is still to be preferred to serology as a detection method for H. pylori infection.


Type 2 Diabetes drug codes for use when downloading data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Codelist has been produced for the paper "Changing use of antidiabetic drugs in the UK: Trends in prescribing 2000-2017".


To observe the corneal endothelia in normal human eyes and the eyes which undergone cataract surgery. Methods Application of the noncon-tact specular microscope. Results The corneal endothe-lia in normal human eyes will change regularly along with the growing of the age. The damage of the cornealendothelia located in the peripheral area (incision vicinity)is more sever than the central area after the cataract surgery. Conclusion Because of the character-istics of it's simplicity, painlessness and harmlessness which are composed by the instrument, as well as the earlier obserevation of the inocular surgery, it is the ide-al tool which will be widely used to endothelial study-


This study investigated terpene synthase (TPS) activity and terpene antifungal metabolites in calluses and cell suspension cultures of Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay infected with Phaecremonium parasiticum , one of the fungi associated with the grapevine diseases known as "hoja de malvon" and young vine decline. The highest TPS activity, assessed as tritiated farnesyl pyrophosphate ([1-3H]-FPP) transformed into hexane-soluble radioactive products, was observed in both inoculated calluses and cell suspension cultures (CSC). When tested in inoculated cell suspension cultures the TPS activity was maximal at 8 h after [1-3H]-FPP application and then declined; this was associated with a temporary increase of the sesquiterpene nerolidol. Grape calluses produced: α-pinene, nerolidol and squalene whether or not they were inoculated with Pm. parasiticum . As fungal amount raised the relative concentration of α-pinene and nerolidol increased in respect to squalene in calluses. The TPS activity and nerolidol and α-pinene accumulation was correlated with the increase in the amount of inoculated fungus. Of the mentioned metabolites mainly squalene was identified from extracts of fungal cultures. The results suggest that the response of grapevine tissues to Pm. parasiticum is dependent on the pathogen concentration and is characterized by increasing TPS activity through de novo synthesis.


This article describes the evaluation of a patient with gastric cancer that confirms gastric outlet obstruction, followed by a discussion on management.


Winner, Eve Pownall Award for Information Books, Children's Book Council Book of the Year Awards 1998 Shortlisted, Primary Single Book, Australian Awards for Excellence in Educational Publishing 1998 What kind of buildings do Australians live in? The answers are sometimes surprising. A Home Among the Gum Trees takes us from Aboriginal shelters and the rough efforts of early settlers to modern suburban houses; from early company town to convict hospital; from tree-house to lighthouse to mobile home...Along the way, it shows how Australians have responded to the land, the weather and new fashions and materials.


A small cargo boat of 48 m suffered from serious damages among rough seas, and its main hull was bent at S. S. 7 by hogging moment. The ship under consideration was in ballast condition, and was carrying a large amount of ballast water in the fore-peak tank. If slamming impact pressure occurs at S. S. 7, a large hogging moment may appear at the section. In the first report, the analysis based on the hydroelasticity shows that this damage is caused by hogging moment due to bottom slamming, although, in the case of conventional ships, slamming causes a large sagging moment in the mid-part. Elastic responses are calculated step by step for the ship idealized as a Timoshenko beam, taking account of slamming impact force, which are determined with respect to instantaneous configurations. It is shown that slamming response gives hogging moment enough for the damage in an unlucky condition of waves corresponding to the sea state reported. In the second report, the collapsing strength of the ship will be estimated by the help of experiments.


The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of FIFA11+ injury prevention program on the timing and electrical activity of knee related muscles in young male soccer players. EMG data during single-limb drop landing of 24 young male soccer players (12 control and 12 experimental) were collected in pretest and posttest. After 8 weeks of training in experimental group, analysis of variance with repeated measures, independent sample t test and paired sample t test were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that vastus medialis (VM), medial hamstring (MH) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) activities increased while the vastus lateralis (VL), lateral hamstring (LH), rectus femuris (RF) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) activities decreased after the training. FIFA11+ training decreased the timing of RF, VL, LH and LG whereas it increased the timing of VM, MH and MG. The study found out that FIFA11+ program can improve the neuromuscular characteristics of lower extremities in young soccer players, can potentially reduce the risk of ACL injury during landing and lead to ACL optimal control.


Nb3Sn is a material that has the potential to have a transformative impact on SRF linacs. Due to its large critical temperature of approximately 18 K, Nb3Sn cavities can have far smaller surface resistances at a given temperature than standard Nb cavities. This could significantly reduce the costs for infrastructure and power in cryoplants for large CW linacs. In addition, the predicted superheating field of Nb3Sn is approximately double that of Nb, potentially doubling the maximum energy gradient. This would significantly decrease the size and cost of high energy linacs. In this work, we present recent progress in research and development for this promising material.


Both newcomers and visitors to southern Arizona are often surprised to see Northern Cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) flying about in our desert. They seem out of place without the deep green forest foliage of the north and east United States. Yet they thrive here, and are always a beautiful sight to see as they move about the Mesquites, Ironwoods, and even Cacti. While they may not be the state bird, (an honor reserved for the Cactus Wren) they are likely still our most recognizable bird and even have a sports franchise named after them (the Arizona Cardinals).


IT IS HARD TO IMAGINE that any of us writing and thinking in the human sciences, in the hours, days and weeks closely following 11 September, can escape its shadow, not only because of the challenge of this catastrophe to our sense of humanity and inhumanity , but also because of its challenge to our professional understanding of human possibility and constraint. There is the challenge of these truly awful events to our moral imagination, to take a problematic concept which I try to develop in my argument. The lecture I wish to offer here—it was completed before the emergency brought by 9/11 into our lives—seeks to raise and put before us some of the interlinked matters that have been very much at issue in press, television, and the world wide web ever since.


The TUS space experiment for studying the energy spectrum, the composition and arrival directions of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) is in preparation. R&D stage of the TUS project is close to the end. At present the rst prototypes of the detector are under testing. The PM tube selected for the TUS photodetector and the corresponding electronics are being tested on the Moscow State University satellite iTatianai. The preliminary results of measurements of the UV light from the atmosphere by this detector and the uorescent radiation of shower electrons measured in the MACFLY experiment at CERN are presented. At Mexican mountains the TUS prototype started to measure the temporal proles of UV signals in the atmosphere. Design and development of the space mirror-concentrator was continued: the rst samples of the mirror segments were constructed and tested.


Abstract A method for the quantitative determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride, phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, and guaifenesin in commercial formulations was developed. A reversed-phase paired-ion high-performance liquid chromatographic technique resolves the active from degradation products, colorings, and flavor and was found applicable to seven commercial dosage forms.


Objective:To study the changes of the vaginal pH and the vaginal lactobacilli content as well as their interrelationship during pregnancy.Methods:Thirty women were enrolled respectively in the first trimester,second trimester,third trimester and non-pregnanct group.Gram-stain and colony counts were used to explore the changing of Lactobacillus content during pregnancy.The vaginal pH was detected by the accurate pH strip.Results:①There was no significant changes among the vaginal Lactobacillus strains during pregnancy.②There was statistically significance of vaginal pH among the first trimester,second trimester and third trimester group.(P0.05).The vaginal pH between the non-pregnanct group and the other three groups had statistically significance(P0.05).③The vaginal lactobacilli content between the non-pregnanct group and the other three groups had statistically significance(P0.05).The vaginal lactobacilli content had no statistically significance between the first trimester group and the second trimester group(P0.05);The vaginal lactobacilli content had statistically significance between the third trimester group and the first or second trimester group seperately(P0.05).④ There was negative correlation between vaginal pH and vaginal lactobacilli content during pregnancy.(P0.05).Conclusions:There is no significant changes among the vaginal Lactobacillus strains during pregnancy.The more gestational weeks,the higher the vaginal pH,the less the vaginal lactobacilli content.There is negative correlation between vaginal pH and vaginal lactobacilli content during pregnancy.


Abstract : The Tri-Services principles and practices manual provides a "road map" for appropriate and successful implementation of, while identifying "red flags" that may limit success. Using a comprehensive conceptual site model, decision matrices can be used to guide the user in appropriate site selection for applying enhanced bioremediation. Evaluation of suitable hydrogeological, geochemical, and biological site conditions increases the confidence in deploying enhanced bioremediation for remediation of chlorinated solvents in groundwater. Once it has been determined that enhanced bioremediation is suitable for application at a site, the Tri-Services principles and practices manual provides further guidance on the design of appropriate enhanced bioremediation system configurations and selection of the appropriate substrate for application. Several tools are also are described within the Tri-Services principles and practices manual that are useful for optimizing the application of enhanced bioremediation, including small-scale pilot-tests, microcosm studies, molecular screening techniques, and bioaugmentation. These tools are not required in all cases, and rationale is provided for when they should be used. These decision matrices within the Tri-Services principles and practices manual are presented to guide Remedial Project Managers through the site selection process, appropriate bench- or pilot-testing, development of optimal system configurations, and selection of substrate type.


The relationship between brain structure and complex behavior is governed by large-scale neurocognitive networks. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is a noninvasive technique that can visualize the neuronal projections connecting the functional centers and thus provides new keys to the understanding of brain function. In this paper, we assume there are up to two diffusion channels at each voxel. A variational framework for 3D simultaneous smoothing and reconstruction of a multi-diffusion tensor field as well as a novel multi-tensor deflection (MTEND) algorithm for extracting white matter fiber traces based on the multi-diffusion tensor field are provided. By applying the proposed model to both synthetic data and human brain high angular resolution diffusion (HARD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of several subjects, we show the effectiveness of the model in recovering branching fiber traces. Superiority of the proposed model over existing models are also demonstrated


Water resources infrastructure ranges from educational and research infrastructure, storage works (surface and underground), hydrological and meteorological stations, irrigation systems, to water infrastructure for eco-tourism. This water resources infrastructure serves the mining, agricultural, urban and rural water needs, the environment, amongst a host of other needs and demands. Water resources infrastructure is a critical component in the provision of sustainable water resource management and services, for example, for mitigating impacts of climate change and variability, mitigating the variability of the water resource distribution in space and time, climate proofing, energy and food security and for data collection for information and improving the knowledge base. The purpose of this article is to document the status of water infrastructure development in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region and showcase the efforts and strides that the SADC region has made and taken in achieving a conducive enabling environment for water infrastructure development to facilitate better water resource management. The article also highlights the challenges faced and the lessons learnt to date pursuant to the provision of water resource infrastructure in the SADC Region. The opinions and conclusions drawn in the article are those of the author.


Identifying and classifying vegetables in big farms is a challenge, especially when the vegetables are similar in colour and shape. Manual identification of vegetables takes time and is prone to errors. Therefore, the automatic classification process of the precision farming, increasingly using image processing and pattern recognition to identify fruits and vegetable, is becoming essential to identify and classify vegetables in big farms. In this paper, an automatic system for the identification and classification of green leafy vegetables, similar in colour and shape was evaluataed using five different deep learning models such as CNN, MobileNet, VGG-16, Inception V3 and ResNet 50. The accuracies of these models achieved in this paper vary from 67% to 99%. The model with the highest accuracy is the MobileNet.


An attempt is made to explain the electric field gradient (EFG) and the asymmetry parameter η for Cu alloys with Ni, Pd, and Pt impurities and Al alloys with Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Cu impurities. In Cu alloys, the valence effect contribution to the EFG is estimated using the Alfred and Van Ostenburg charge perturbation theory and the size effect contribution is adopted from that by Sagalyn and Alexander. Leading phase shifts are assumed to be η0 and η2 and these are determined by satisfying experimental data for residual resistivity and the Friedel sum rule. The effective charge on the impurity is estimated using the Friedel criterion of the bound state. It is found that the EFG increases with an increase in effective charge on the impurity. The size effect contribution dominates over the valence effect contribution. The agreement between the calculated and experimental values of the EFG and η for CuNi, CuPd, and CuPt is reasonably good. The calculations for the EFG and η for Al alloys are carried out...


Acrocomia aculeata is a potential specie for the energy industry, however, the latency in its seeds delay germination, affecting performance. The experiment was performed in the Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the National University of Asuncion; the objective was to establish a protocol for zygotic embryogenesis and rooting of this species. A completely randomized design was used, applying Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test with 5% error probability, subject to verification of assumptions of distribution The treatments consisted of MS medium (Murashige and Skoog) supplemented with benzylaminopurine (BAP) of 1, 2 and 4 ppm, MS medium with 2 g/L of active carbon (AC) and simple MS mediums. 45 zygotic embryos were initially cultivated on MS medium supplemented with 2 g/L of AC and exposed to initial darkness for 20 days, then subcultured in the mentioned treatments. Root length was the measured variable, assessed in two periods of 20 days. There was no significant effects in the treatments with BAP, the CA suppressed explants oxidation; whereas the best results showed treatments 1 (MS + 1 ppm BAP) and 4 (MS + CA 2g/L) with 6 and 5 cm of root length respectively, after 40 incubation days.


Auto focusing module according to one embodiment of the present invention, the fixed base; Autofocusing for supporting the focus lens (AutoFocusing, AF) a barrel; It is supported on the fixed base, a base for supporting the AF AF AF barrel the barrel so as to be movable along an optical axis; AF is fixed to the base, the step motor unit to provide a driving force to the AF barrel; And it is disposed between the fixed base and the AF base, an adhesive member for adhering and fixing the fixing base and the AF base; may include.


This study provides a current description of provincial/territorial responses to behaviorally disordered students in Canada. The current perspective is compared to an earlier study completed in 1981. Topics examined in this study were definition, prevalence, services available, standards prescribed by provincial law or regulation, percentage of behaviorally disordered students returned to regular classes during a one-year period, mode of service, assessing program effectiveness, funding, and requirements of special training for teachers. Several actions by provincial/territorial authorities appear to be warranted which would improve their responses to behaviorally disordered students. Provincial/territorial authorities should ensure that: The large number of unidentified students receive service; regulations are established that regularize special class size and resource teacher caseload; evaluation of behavioral programs are conducted regularly; and training for teachers of behaviorally disordered students is mandated.


This paper makes a study of the permanent magnet linear synchronous motor(PMLSM)three closed-loop servo control system design in which d-axis current of stator is set to be zero in the rotor flux-oriented control strategy.Testing the rotor initial pole position using the method of gradually approximation and set up the hardware and software system for the corresponding experiment.The experiment prove the rotor initial position testing is accurate,have good dynamic performance and control precision.


HPLC (high speed power line carrier) is widely used in electricity information collection, but because of the large variation of attenuation of power line channel, in some environment, it needs wireless communication as supplement router, the current wireless technology, such as LORA(long range radio), NB-IOT(narrow band internet of thing) are for narrowband which can not be used to form a hybrid network with HPLC. So wireless broadband communication in electric system need to be studied. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of networking under wireless broadband communication with the reference of HPLC standard because there is not an approved standard about wireless broadband communication for electric system currently.


The principles that promote corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate philosophy should be translated into concrete actions promoted by those who are in decision making at the corporate level. In this regard, Wood and Jones (1995) argue, after conducting a meta-analysis of research carried out on the performance of socially responsible businesses, that people in leadership positions are the most important social agent in this area. Therefore, this article sets the focus of attention on several variables relating to personal profile and the organizational context that seem to determine the decision making process of managers in charge of the management of CSR and the maritime sector can allow a best fit the demands of today's society. We believe that closer to a better understanding of the factors that influence the decision process of those who promote, articulate and / or implement CSR actions may shed light on how to facilitate the conditions for the consolidation of socially responsible management, comprehensive and effective maritime organizations. The main objective of this paper is, therefore, to understand how certain variables of the profile of management and organizational context affect how organizational decisions are oriented on the areas of responsible social action at the corporate level and to propose lines of action to enable maritime companies improve their performance in this area.


Modern video compression solutions rely on intra-prediction to exploit spatial redundancy within a frame. In this paper, a new intra-prediction scheme is presented whereby one or more prediction directions are inferred at the decoder side by means of a texture analysis process. The inferred directions are then combined by means of prediction fusion, to compute the final predicted samples. No further information is required in the bitstream, considerably limiting the amount of bits necessary to be transmitted in order to derive the prediction block at the decoder. Experiments in the context of the state-of-the-art Versatile Video Coding standard show the proposed method can improve coding efficiency by -0.63% BD-rates on average, and up to -1.04% on larger resolution sequences, with limited impact on the decoder complexity.


ABSTRACT Emotions have a social component that can be defined in terms of the experience of participation. This paper examines how Spanish citizens use Twitter to express their emotions by tweeting their opinions regarding pertinent political decisions. Content analysis was applied to the Twitter accounts of four political parties representing the Spanish electorate. Results show that when Spanish citizens tweeted their opinions about established Spanish political parties, negative emotions (indignation and shame) were more prevalent than positive emotions (hope, joy, and excitement). Furthermore, newer, less experienced political parties managed emotions more effectively than the established political parties did.


Convection represents the predominant source of gravity wave energy from the tropical troposphere. These gravity waves are of clear importance to stratospheric dynamics through their momentum flux, and the distribution of that momentum flux in phase speed. This momentum flux drives large scale mean circulations, such as the quasi-biennial oscillation, which are important in the transport of trace constituents and pollutants from stratospheric aircraft. Unlike topographically generated waves, whose momentum flux is strongly peaked at one phase speed (stationary), the momentum flux distribution of highly transient convective sources is broadly distributed in phase speed. The nature of that distribution as well as the overall magnitude of the momentum flux associated with convectively generated gravity waves is important. This is because in the tropical stratosphere gravity waves break, deposit their momentum, and exert a drag at the level where their phase speed is comparable to the mean flow. In the tropics, the stratospheric mean flow varies strongly with altitude, season, and interannually. In fact, gravity waves play a critical role in driving these variations. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.


Objective:To investigate the influence of deferoxamine(DFO) on the survival of random pattern skin flap in diabetic mice.Methods:Diabetes mellitus was induced with streptozotocin in C57/BL6 mice.Α random pattern skin flap(1 cm×3 cm) was cranially designed and elevated on the back of C57/BL6 mice.An image analysis technology was used to evaluate the survival rate of the skip flap and laser Doppler was used to survey the blood perfusion situation of skin flap.Results:Compared with control group(61.64±7.63)%,the survival area of the flap in DFO group was(88.44±6.56)%,which was significantly enlarged in seven days postoperatively(P0.01).Laser Doppler results displayed the blood flow in DFO group was higher than in control group(P0.01).Conclusions:DFO could improve flap microcirculation and increase its survival rate.


Reducing poverty is one of the fundamental aims of the internationally agreed-upon Millennium Developmental Goals (MDGs). Developing countries strive to enhance their international competitiveness for the well-being of their people. One of the many strategies being actively promoted to achieve this goal is to provide training and retraining for many unskilled workers to enable them to move out of low-skill, poor wage situations and into higher-skilled and higher-wage opportunities. [Technical and Vocational Education and Training] TVET is well placed to offer these skills if supported and facilitated. [Open and Distance Learning] ODL, as a modality for TVET, allows vast numbers of people, hitherto unreached, to take advantage of education and training opportunities. This paper focuses on skills development through ODL. It supposes ways in which skills can be developed and delivered to ensure quality and relevance.


Australia is an economically developed country and its primary and secondary education remains at the advanced level in the world.In Australia,each state has set up its own unique educational and administrative system and the primary and secondary school system.School headmasters of primary and secondary school are civil servants of the country.There is no rigid demand for their entry qualification,but they must have the status of "teacher" and have four years of teaching experience under registration.Over the recent years,along with the tides of headmaster retirement,the decentralization of leadership,and the overburden of headmasters,each state has practiced different measures considering "the framework of leadership study".This article,from the perspective of professional development of Australian school headmasters and the construction of the leadership,introduces the contents of headmaster leadership,professional system and standards,and the evaluation criteria,and the multicultural features of Australia.


The problem of provision with quality of rubbing surfaces of cylinder-piston groups of tractor, combine, automobile engines, operating in agriculture are considered in flus article. Possible disrepaiv caused by wearing of cylinder-piston group parts are pointed out.Litcratuse survey and the analyses of devices characteristics of clad metallic polymer contained and ceramic metal compounds with the aim to define the possibilities of their usage for wearingin of cylinderpiston groups of engines are listed.Method of stand and operating tests of repairing compounds is also expounded. Expediency of metallic ceramic compound usage for wearing-in of cylinder piston droups of engines has based.


The German physicist Max Planck (1858-1947) is considered as the founder of quantum mechanics as he had proposed the quantum nature of energy. On 29 November 1937, the German Ministry of External Affairs informed Planck about the travelling possibilities to India. This was in connection with an invitation of the Indian Science Congress Association at its 25th anniversary. The document KultW 17804 II dated 10 December 1937 suggests that Planck declined the invitation as he was too old for such a journey. On the occasion of Planck's 150th birth anniversary, the following note is intended to give a short review about his life, scientific achievements and in particular the genesis of energy quanta hypothesis. Indian scientists came in contact not only with Planck, but also with other European theoretical physicists. In the end a brief review about the development of theoretical physics in India in the first half of the 20th century is given.


Abstract Quality in surgery is often assessed in terms of perioperative complications, such as surgical site infections and readmissions. Although patients are the ultimate end-users of surgical care, the impact of surgical care on aspects of health that are most important to them, such as functional status, is rarely assessed. Value is in the eye of the beholder. Patient-reported outcomes provide patients a voice in the assessment of their care quality, and brings greater accountability into the assessment of value.


Seismic Newtonian noise is predicted to limit the sensitivity of the Einstein Telescope. It can be reduced with coherent noise cancellation techniques using data from seismometers. To achieve the best results, it is important to place the seismic sensors in optimal positions. A preliminary study on this topic was conducted for the Einstein Telescope (ET): it focused on the optimization of the seismic array for the cancellation of Newtonian noise at an isolated test mass. In this paper, we expand the study to include the nested shape of ET, i.e., four test masses of the low-frequency interferometers at each vertex of the detector. Results are investigated in function of the polarization content of the seismic field composed of body waves. The study also examines how performance can be affected by displacing the sensor array from its optimal position or by operating at frequencies other than those used for optimization.


Belonging to the technical field of food biotechnologies, the invention develops a bio-extraction method of a carthamus tinctorius seed clear oil. The method includes: conducting cleaning, impurity removing, drying and crushing on carthamus tinctorius seeds, adding water to conduct mixing, compounding pectinase NCB-PE40, cellulase AE80 and beta-glucanase NCB-100 to conduct enzymolysis wall-breaking; and then adding a proper amount of alkaline protease Alcalase 2.4L, carrying out enzymolysis, centrifugation and separation, thus obtaining high unsaturated active carthamus tinctorius seed clear oil. The method provided by the invention has the characteristics of bio-enzyme process extraction of oil, simple process and mild conditions, and the obtained carthamus tinctorius seed oil has high unsaturated fatty acid content, strong active function, and no organic solvent residue, and is green and environment-friendly.


We got a great deal of data of state-owned key enterprises work safety information by long-time research work. On the base of analysis, we calculate the index of state-owned key enterprises work "safety including accident-happened frequency and hurt level figure, find the regulation of different kinds of accident distributing in the total accidents by using Chinese standard of accident category, and make comparison with the accident-happened level of state-owned key enterprises in different trades. Finally, some advises were given to the state-owned key enterprises to strength the base of work safety and improve the level of work safety management.


Service learning is an education approach which provides thoughtfully organized experiences and integrates students' academic learning with service. The use of service learning in high education increased dramatically in Taiwan,which is based on legal system. Service learning,implemented in collaboration with the students,colleges and the community,is derived from application of 2 basic elements:( 1) constructing curriculum norm of service learning;( 2) establishing institutions to promote service learning. Education philosophy and strategies of service learning provide beneficial enlightenment on reform of special education coursework.


In the Western Gneiss Region in Norway, mafic eclogites form lenses within granitoid orthogneiss and contain the best record of the pressure and temperature evolution of this ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) terrane. Their exhumation from the UHP conditions has been extensively studied, but their prograde evolution has been rarely quantified although it represents a key constraint for the tectonic history of this area. This study focused on a well‐preserved phengite‐bearing eclogite sample from the Nordfjord region. The sample was investigated using phase‐equilibrium modelling, trace‐element analyses of garnet, trace‐ and major‐element thermobarometry and quartz‐in‐garnet barometry by Raman spectroscopy. Inclusions in garnet core point to crystallization conditions in the amphibolite facies at 510–600°C and 11–16 kbar, whereas chemical zoning in garnet suggests growth during isothermal compression up to the peak pressure of 28 kbar at 600°C, followed by near‐isobaric heating to 660–680°C. Near‐isothermal decompression to 10–14 kbar is recorded in fine‐grained clinopyroxene–amphibole–plagioclase symplectites. The absence of a temperature increase during compression seems incompatible with the classic view of crystallization along a geothermal gradient in a subduction zone and may question the tectonic significance of eclogite facies metamorphism. Two end‐member tectonic scenarios are proposed to explain such an isothermal compression: Either (1) the mafic rocks were originally at depth within the lower crust and were consecutively buried along the isothermal portion of the subducting slab or (2) the mafic rocks recorded up to 14 kbar of tectonic overpressure at constant depth and temperature during the collisional stage of the orogeny.


We have studied the Sr doping dependence of the superconducting properties of La/sub 2-x/Sr/sub x/CuO/sub 4+/spl delta// thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition over the range of 0/spl les/x/spl les/0.30. We found that the strain in the films depends on the Sr doping level. In 1000 /spl Aring/ La/sub 2-x/Sr/sub x/CuO/sub 4+/spl delta// films grown on 1000 /spl Aring/ SrLaAlO/sub 4/ buffer layer, the strain changes from compressive to tensile when m increases. For both compressive and tensile strain, films prepared in strongly oxidizing ozone/molecular oxygen mixture are superconducting for all Sr content with x/spl les/0.25. When the films are cooled in pure molecular oxygen the x dependence is similar to that in the bulk, although the transition temperature depends on the strain. The results suggest that the Sr content, epitaxial strain, and oxygenation conditions are all important factors influencing the superconductivity in La/sub 2-x/Sr/sub x/CuO/sub 4+/spl delta// thin films.


New methods of removing atherosclerotic plaque from coronary and peripheral arteries with laser light have been described recently.'' Such photorecanalization differs in its mechanism from a now-popular treatment, balloon angioplasty. The latter method plastically deforms plaque into a tubular shape,5 the volume of which is equal to that of the original obstructive lesion minus that of any fragments which slough off during the procedure. In contrast, photorecanalization reportedly converts plaque into debris in the form of gases, liquids, and solids."6 Dispersion of microscopic-size particles accompanies photorecanalization of human atherosclerotic plaque in vitro (references 710 and D. D. Grewe, unpublished report), and in most trials, the laser-treated site has been purged with saline during the procedure to remove such debris as well as to keep blood away from the region. 1,2


Mission-based higher educational institutions have played various roles in addressing the challenges of socio-economic development. We investigated the process of academic entrepreneurship in a Cat...


Aiming at the limitation of ignoring the local structure feature of the traditional linear dimensionality reduction methods,a new semi-supervised manifold learning is proposed.On the basis of the character of the face image,this method gets K-nearest neighbors of each sample by calculating the image euclidean distance,and the adjacency matrix of unsupervised discriminant projection is modified accordingly.Finally,the proposed method that combines labeled samples with modified unsupervised discriminant projection is presented to achieve optimal geometric projection.Extensive experimental results on several public face databases validate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Aims— To determine the relation among the cytotoxin associated gene (cagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin gene (vacA) status of Helicobacter pylori isolates, the associ- ated clinical diseases, and the severity and pattern of chronic gastritis. Methods — Helicobacter pylori was cul- tured from gastric biopsies obtained from dyspeptic patients. DNA was extracted from the isolates and the cagA and vacA status determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence of the di V erent cagA and vacA genotypes in three clinical groups, duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, and non-ulcer dyspepsia was compared. The histological features in sections from two antral and two corpus biopsies were graded by one blinded observer. The grades were compared with age and sex matched groups with different cagA and vacA genotypes, and with duodenal ulcers, or non-ulcer dyspepsia. Results— Isolates from 161 patients were included. One hundred and nine (68%) harboured a cagA+ strain and 143 (89%) harboured a vacA s1 strain. The prevalence of cagA+ strains in duodenal ulcer patients (94%) was highly significantly greater than in those with non-ulcer dyspepsia (56%). However, of the patients infected with a cagA+ strain, almost equal numbers had non-ulcer dyspepsia or pep- tic ulceration. Chronic inflammation, polymorph activity, surface epithelial de- generation, atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia were all significantly more severe in the cagA+ than in the cagA− group, whereas only corpus epithelial degenera-


Isocyanide-mercuric chloride complexes, which were obtained from isocyanides and mercuric chloride, react readily with active methylene compounds in the presence of triethylamine giving 2 : 1 adducts. The adducts were formed through a redox decomposition reaction of the complexes accompanying with the formation of metallic mercury. The reaction of the adducts was also investigated.


Frail older adults may be less likely to receive guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT)—renin‐angiotensin blockers, beta‐blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists—for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We aimed to examine the uptake of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) and GDMT in frail older adults with HFrEF.


The year 2014 marked the 100th anniversary of August Wöhler's death. On that occasion the authors wrote a book about his scientific work, his work on the safety of components and structures in the emerging industrial society, his life and his significance for the historical development in the field of fatigue strength of components and structures [1]. Those investigations were accomplished in cooperation with the DVM (German Association for Materials Research and Testing). As national and international events have shown [2], that book is of great interest. Therefore, an English version suggested itself, not least because of the 200th anniversary of Wöhler's birth in 2019.


Based on the acoustic emission (AE) system and the digital scattered-spot deformation monitoring system, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on composite samples consisting of sandstone and cemented coal gangue–fly ash backfill (CGFB) to investigate their deformation and failure characteristics. The results showed that the average uniaxial compressive strength of the composite samples was 83.09% higher than that of the pure CGFB samples and 92.28% lower than that of the pure sandstone samples. In the composite samples, damage occurred in the CGFB part, and they showed obvious plastic damage characteristics. On both sides of the intersection, the sandstone and the CGFB deformed synergistically in the absence of a macroscopic failure. After a macroscopic failure, the interface effect promoted sandstone deformation and restrained CGFB deformation, transforming the sandstone and the CGFB on both sides of the intersection into a nonsynergistically deformed state. The interface effect had the most obvious influence on the horizontal deformation of the sandstone and CGFB monitoring points near the intersection. The failure of the CGFB samples induced sandstone springback deformation with a springback capacity of 0.0089 mm in the vertical direction and 0.0055 mm in the horizontal direction, which led to the further rupture and failure of the CGFB.


Author(s): Kane, AM; Chopdekar, RV; N'Diaye, AT; Scholl, A; Arenholz, E; Mehta, A; Takamura, Y | Abstract: © 2019 American Physical Society. A wedge bilayer of epitaxial 4-8 nm La0.7Sr0.3CoO3(LSCO)/6-nm La0.7Sr0.3MnO3(LSMO), hard and soft ferromagnets (FM) respectively, was studied using soft x-ray magnetic spectroscopy to elucidate the interplay between the magnetic and electronic properties of the constituent layers. This system exhibits magnetic and electronic segregation within the LSCO layer characterized by soft FM Co2+ ions at the interface (s-LSCO), which is biased by the underlying hard LSCO layer (h-LSCO), characterized by predominantly Co3+/Co4+ FM ions. For a 5.1-nm layer, the interfacial Co2+ ion concentration is maximized and the h-LSCO coercivity is minimized, while the opposite is true for a 7.8-nm LSCO layer. These dual trends in Co2+ ion concentration and h-LSCO coercivity within the LSCO serve to independently affect the exchange bias and coercivity of the soft FM layer, resulting in inverse trends between these properties that typically vary simultaneously.


This paper presents and analyses the development of professional audio of external and internal from two exhibitions and points out problems existing in the domestic audio companies.


presented material; some additional perspectives (e.g. systems theory, Marxist approach) are cursorily addressed. Finally, the authors advocate an integrative perspective which combines the four frames in a contingency approach. The basic philosophy is that each perspective is valid and significant, but 'is only part of the truth' (p. 232). So, the task of organizational problem-solving is redefined: engineer the situation and look for the frame which is most likely to be appropriate (matching frames


Past research suggests that knowledge diversity is utilized during creative processes, divergent and convergent thinking, to come up with novel and useful solutions. Whereas research examining the relationship between knowledge diversity and process outcomes has been mixed, differentiating knowledge into mental models may help explain team creative processes and outcomes. Herein, two types of mental models, complementary and shared mental models, are related to team creative processes. Complementary mental models are those knowledge structures held by team members that have unique role-specific task-relevant content. Shared mental models are those knowledge structures held by team members that contain similar content. These mental models provide a finer-grained perspective of knowledge and show how each team member's knowledge may contribute to divergent and convergent creative processes and outcomes. Further, a framework relating mental models and creative processes is presented and potential facilitation approaches are discussed.


The theory that SARS-CoV-2 may have originated in a lab was considered a debunked conspiracy theory, but some experts are revisiting it amid calls for a new, more thorough investigation. Paul Thacker explains the dramatic U turn and the role of contemporary science journalism


Recently, the rapid development of 3D movie or video games, causing the phenomenon of cybersickness. Cybersickness is an unpleasant symptom (dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and disorientation) that occur to humans when exposure in 3D movie or video games within a certain time. It can disrupt psychic and physical condition of the human if not handled appropriately. Many studies have been done to investigate cybersickness using physiological measurements, one of which is EEG. However, earlier studies have not discussed an optimal channel location for identifying cybersickness on EEG. In this paper, we proposed Correlation Feature Selection (CFS) method to select features in order to determine best channel selection. The power percentage (PP) features of alpha ($\alpha$), beta ($\beta$) and theta ($\theta$) bands were extracted on all channels. CFS method obtained 3 optimal channels location on F3, O1, and O2 from PP feature of beta ($\beta$) band. The investigating of cybersickness employs three compare classifiers i.e. SVM-RBF, k-NN, and LDA. According to our result, LDA is the best classifier for identifying cybersickness. By using CFS method, it can improve performance accuracy from 83% to 100%. Hence, we conclude that beta frequency band on frontal and occipital area is suitable to measure EEG-based cybersickness.


The Italian Vincenzo Lunardi carried out the first manned balloon ascent in England on 15 September 1784. He was one of the most prominent balloonists during the 1780s in Britain, but today, he is only known as a minor historical character, although he was a celebrity during the early years of flight.


Organic  inorganic hybrid gas barrier layers using 3-glycidoxypropyl silsesquioxane with random structures on plastic fi lm were prepared by cross-linking reaction between glycidoxy functional group of 3-glycidoxypropyl silsesquioxane and amino functional group of p-xylylenediamine (PXDA). The e ff ects of PXDA content on the gas barrier property of the membranes were investigated. Oxygen permeability coe ffi cient and water vapor transmission rate of the hybrid layer were the same order of poly(vinylidene chloride). Pencil hardness (750 g load) of the hybrid layers on the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate were HB. The pencil hardness of the PET was B. Thus, the pencil hardness of the hybrid layers was slightly higher than that of PET. These char-acteristics were attributed to the su ffi cient dispersion of inorganic segments (siloxane network,  Si  O  Si  ) and organic segments in the hybrid.


Sir, The Ro/SSA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex is a common target of autoimmunity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and is composed of a 60-kD Ro/SSA (Ro60) polypeptide complexed with small noncoding cytoplasmic (Y) RNAs. The 48-kD La protein transiently associates with a portion of RNP particles through binding with the Y RNAs and through protein–protein interactions with Ro60 itself. During the early stages of apoptosis, the Y RNA components of the Ro RNP complex are degraded, and Ro60 redistributes to the cell surface.5 Earlier we used a flow cytometry assay to identify a Ro60 'apotope' (defined as an epitope expressed on the surface of apoptotic cells) that is specific for a subset of SLE with isolated anti-Ro60 responses. The Ro60 apotope was localised to amino acid (aa) residues 82–244 within a region of alpha-helical repeats that contain Y RNA– binding sites, raising the possibility that the Y RNA may mask the Ro60 apotope on the intracellular autoantigen. To test this hypothesis, we have modified the flow cytometry assay using permeabilisation and RNA digestion steps. IgG was purified from the sera of six patients with SLE, with monospecific anti-Ro60 responses and anti-Ro60 apotope reactivity, and two healthy controls. Levels of anti-Ro60 apotope reactivity were first determined on early apoptotic cells (annexin V-positive, PI-negative) by multiparameter flow cytometry as detailed earlier.5 To assess the binding of monospecific anti-Ro60 IgGs to intracellular epitopes, viable cells were permeabilised with 0.1% saponin and 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 10min at 4 C. Permeabilised cells were then washed twice in PBS with 1% foetal calf serum and 0.02% sodium azide and binding of anti-Ro60 IgG was carried out as described. To determine whether intracellular epitopes of Ro60 were masked by Y RNA, permeabilised cells were washed as above and treated with 0.2mg/mL bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase) (Roche, Mannheim, Germany) for 30min at room temperature. Untreated permeabilised cells were prepared in parallel with PBS. Following further washing, anti-Ro60 IgG was added and binding was assessed by multiparameter flow cytometry. The specificity of anti-Ro60 IgG binding to the Ro60 apotope expressed either on the cell surface (early apoptotic cells) or on the intracellular autoantigen (permeabilised cells) was determined by inhibition experiments with a soluble recombinant maltose binding protein (MBP) fusion construct expressing the Ro60 apotope, MBP-Ro60 aa 82–244 (provided by Dr Ken Kaufman, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA). IgG binding to apoptotic, permeabilised or RNase-treated cells in the presence of MBP control or MBP-Ro60 aa 82–244 was compared by Wilcoxon matched pairs test. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. IgG preparations with anti-Ro60 apotope reactivity bound to the early apoptotic cell population (annexin V-positive, PI-negative) and were specifically inhibited by MBP-Ro60 aa 82–244 (P< 0.05) as described earlier (Figure 1A). In parallel experiments with permeabilised cells, anti-Ro60 IgGs bound intracellular epitopes of Ro60 that were resistant to blocking by MBP-Ro60 aa 82–244 (P1⁄4 1.0, Figure 1B). RNase treatment of permeabilised cells enhanced anti-Ro60 IgG binding by a median of 24% (range 15–30%) compared with untreated permeabilised cells (P< 0.05), suggesting exposure of an additional Ro60 epitope. Subsequent blocking experiments with the MBPRo60 aa 82–244 apotope reduced IgG binding by a median of 29% (range 20–33%) compared to an MBP control (P< 0.05, Figure 1C). Healthy control IgG did not bind to the surface of apoptotic cells or to permeabilised cells and was not influenced by RNase (Figure 1A–C). These findings demonstrate that the Ro60 apotope is masked by RNA in the intact Ro RNP particle and revealed by RNase treatment. The use of apoptotic and permeabilised cells in a flow cytometric method with an RNase step represents a novel approach for studying autoantibody recognition of intracellular autoantigens such as Ro60 whose apoptotic forms are expressed on the cell surface. We propose that in a subset of patients with SLE, apoptosis unmasks a Ro60 apotope that becomes exposed on the cell surface where it may Correspondence to: Tom Gordon, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Allergy and Arthritis, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia. Email: email@example.com Received 16 March 2009; accepted 14 May 2009


To investigate whether a high frequency of allelic imbalance (AI) is associated with clinicopathological variables of patients with prostate cancer.


Due to twentieth century peace treaties, large Hungarian minorities live in such Central and Eastern European states as Romania, Slovakia and Serbia. These states are divided along ethnic-linguistic, religious and cultural lines between the Hungarian minority communities versus non-Hungarian, i.e. Romanian, Slovak and Serb majority communities. Although the relations between the Hungarian minorities and the states It Beaken jiergong 73 – 2011 nr 3/4 129-146


The post-reionization thermal state of the intergalactic medium is characterized by a power-law relationship between temperature and density, with a slope determined by the parameter γ. We describe a new method to measure γ using the ratio of flux curvature in the Lyman α and β forests. At a given redshift, this curvature ratio incorporates information from the different gas densities traced by Lyman α and β absorption. It is relatively simple and fast to compute and appears robust against several observational uncertainties. We apply this technique to a sample of 27 high-resolution quasar spectra from the Very Large Telescope. While promising statistical errors on γ appear to be achievable with these spectra, to reach its full potential, the dependence of the curvature ratio on the thermal state of the gas in the foreground Lyman α forest will require further, detailed forward modelling.


Certain parameter predicting prognosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains to be determined. It was reported that left atrial volume index (LAVI) is associated with th...


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on calcium activated potassium channels (KCa) of mesenteric arterial A4-A5 branches resistence vascular smooth muscle cell membrane in Stroke-prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRsp) and its normotensive control WKY rats.

METHODS
Cell-attached patch clamp technique was used.

RESULTS
It was found that SNP could activate the KCa of the resistance vascular smooth muscle in both SHRsp and WKY. Under the same dose of SNP (1 nmol/L), the conductance and channel current amplitude etc. of the activated KCa in SHRsp were smaller than that in WKY rats. Given the same dose of 8-Br-cGMP (10 mumol/L), the cGMP activation of SHRsp KCa was less potentiated than that of WKY, appeared very similar to SNP/NO activation.

CONCLUSIONS
The results suggested the KCa of hypertensive resistance vascular smooth muscle membrane appearing weaker response to relaxing factor EDRF/NO.


A chromogenic medium for the rapid presumptive identification of yeasts was devised and studied. The medium was found to be effective in differentiating the yeast species studied on the basis of colony colour. With further modification the medium can be used as a primary isolation medium.


The reservoir water quality is being deteriorated due to change in natural climate and manual influence. The water quality of the reservoirs is affected due to wastewater disposal from metropolitan urban and rural areas, human and animal faces resulting eutrophication, excessive use of fertilizers, Industrial wastes, etc. The paper includes water quality data analyzed and interpreted for various designated uses of Jayakwadi dam for years together in Maharashtra State through Hydrology Project under Water Resources Department Government of Maharashtra. Jayakwadi is one of the major dam in India. Case study of Jayakwadi dam is considered for the study. Jayakwadi dam is constructed. in Marathwada Region of Maharashtra and mainly constructed for domestic and irrigational developments in low rainfall zone of Maharashtra. Now-a-days it is also useful for power generation, Fisheries, industrial developments. A Major dam Jayakwadi is having Catchment area of 21,750 sq km, length 10.20 m and gross storage capacity 2909 Mcum and having total irrigable command area - 2,77,207 ha. The paper includes all the activities, water pollution due to various activities performed in the area during study period and its effects on irrigation development and water pollution status in this region. The findings in this paper will playa vital role in creating awareness regarding water quality throughout the region and become important reerence material for administrative and educational institutions.


This paper gives the estimation of the bacterial density in the Karachi Harbour region. The study was conducted recently to determine the coliform pollution level of waters in the Karachi harbour. Twenty one stations were selected, analysis was conducted for pH, temperature, salinity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and turbidity. The bacteriological quality was monitored by using Total Coliform Count (TCC) and Total Faecal Coliform (TFC). The excessive level of faecal indicators noticed in the harbour waters showed high contamination by indiscriminate discharge of crudely treated and non-treated wastewater of domestic and industrial origin. The flora and fauna is on threat by the faecal pollution, ultimately affecting the human health and economic situation. By proper resource management the grave marine pollution can be harnessed by implementation of stringent policies. The higher dilution rate in the offshore waters of Karachi can help to dilute and disperse sewage quickly and semidiurnal tidal behaviour transports the diluted sewage water to open sea without harming the coastal community.


Explores impact of representations and stereotypes, particularly of Africa, on our understanding and interpretation of development and how these function within the broader context of the media.


ABS TRACT: Our modern society is filled with s tressful s timuli that impact our daily lives, and lead to problems that eventually threaten our mental and psychological wellbeing. Expanding urban life and urbanizing people's interactions have dras tically increased and resulted in more s tressful circums tances. Unfortunately, the role of nature and nature-based design in our urban societies as an alternative in reducing the impact of unhealthy and s tressful situations produced by our modern and urbanized life s tyle has been neglected. Considering the fact that human beings are social creatures and their surroundings affect them both mentally and psychologically; hence, the s tudy of psychological impacts of nature and nature-based design is both essential and necessary in our fas t evolving urban societies. This research inves tigates nature-based design and the short-term observational impacts and benefits of urban societies' interaction with nature on different aspects of human psychology including perceived res toratives', mental health and vitality and creativity. The participants in the two sample groups observed two different urban areas. One was a building complex in Isfahan city center and the other was an urban park in Isfahan. In the end, the participants filled out a comprehensive psychological ques tionnaire assessing the effects environment on different dimensions of human psyche. Our results demons trate that even short-term interaction with nature and nature-based designs had positive effects one's psychological wellbeing, and therefore, our finding show that urban designs and architecture intertwined with nature were crucial in protecting and improving human mental health and wellbeing.


Smooth Communication channel is important for better public service delivery.E-communication is a newcommunication channel in developing countries that allowed in real time communication with the stakeholders.The objective of this paper is to examine enablers and impediments in e-communication adoption process as astrategic communication mean in the Benin Public Administration. It draws from the literature and analyzes theimpediments facing e-communication adoption in developing countries and especially in Benin.The authorsinvestigate the issue using data obtained by semi-structured interviews from Benin's ministry of Informationand Communication Technology (ICT), international organizations reports and academic websites.