Activation and inhibition of protein kinase C(PKC) has been reported to induce several effects in hippocampus in vitro. It has been also proposed that, in hippocampus, phorbol esters mimic the effects of acetylcholine. To test whether the actions produced by PKC activators and inhibitors in situ are comparable to those induced in vitro preparations, we studied in CA1 region of the hippocampus both in situ and in vitro, the responses produced by activation and inhibition of protein kinase C. Once the effects of various PKC activators and inhibitors were established their interaction with muscarinic agonists was studied. The main findings were as follows: (I) Extracellular studies in situ: (1)Phorbol diacetate (PDAc) enhanced the population spike and dendritic field amplitudes. Unlike ACh, it never induced disfacilitation or disinhibition. (2) The effects produced by mascarinic agonists were not occluded by prolonged PDAc applications. (3) Inhibition of PKC with H‐7 induced a strong excitation manifested by induction of multiple spikes and broadening of the dendritic field response. This excitation was associated with blockade of IPSPs, represented by positive waves, at a presynaptic site, which was antagonised by PDAc suggesting the involvement of PKC. (4) Sphingosine, a dual PKC/‐calciumcalmodulin‐dependent kinase inhibitor, did not reproduce H‐7‐induced responses. However, it did prevent the actions of muscarinic agonists. (II) Intracellular studies in vitro: (1) PDAc application by either iontophoresis or superfusion produced a (i) depolarization; (ii) increase in input resistance (RN); (iii) blockade of the anomalous rectification ("sag")(iv) increase in the fast—but decrease in the slow—after hyperpolarization (AHP);and (v) reduction in excitability, measured by the repetitive firing evoked by depolarizing pulses. (2) During local (iontophoretic) applications of PDAc, the reversal shifted toward more positive values. (3) Iontophoresis of H‐7 caused a decrease in RN, hyperpolarization, and blockade of IPSPs. In conclusion, in the hippocampus, PKC can modulate the IPSPs, the anomalous rectification, and the membrane potential, but PKC is unlikely to be the major intracellular mediator of the excitatory actions of acetulcholine. The possible involvement of calcium‐calmodulinvdependent kinase is discussed.


The screen painting in Mogao Grotto originated from the box-like niches in the prosperous period of Tang Dynasty and was an imitation of the Buddhist temple. It could not be a coincidence that the screen painting in Mogao Grotto is similar to the screen painting in tombs of the early period of Tang Dynasty in both composition and subject matters. This paper holds that the design of screen painting in Mogao Grotto was inspired by the Buddhist temple and also by the royal residence. A recognition of the relationship between them will help us to understand the origin of the screen painting in Mogao Grotto.


A complete system of equations, taking into account macroscopic electromagnetic fields and the phase of the order parameter, that describes the dynamics of elastic deformations of an anisotropic crystal lattice of a superconducting metal with an arbitrary dispersion law for charge carriers and a deformation potential is derived. A scheme is formulated for solving the equations of electrodynamics of a deformed superconductor, which permits expressing in general form the coefficient of absorption and dispersion of acoustic waves in terms of the linear response coefficients and generalized dielectric susceptibility of the superconductor. The temperature and frequency dependences of the absorption and dispersion in a clean (q1>>1) anisotropic superconductor with arbitrary polarization and direction of propagation of acoustic waves are analyzed in the quasiclassical limit of slowly varying fields.


C-(2-Hydroxyethyl)tartronic acid is predominant among the dicarboxylic acids and its formation in 12 % yield makes it a major product from xylan. The structure indicates that it is formed from terminal, oxidized xylose units by beta-elimination at C-4 and subsequent benzilic acid rearrangement. It is proposed that 2-ulosonic acid end-groups or ulosono-1,5-lactone end-groups, related in structure to ascorbic acid, are formed as precursors.


Nuclear pore complexes form a permeability barrier in vivo that regulates nucleocytoplasmic transport. Here, the authors present a microfluidic device that couples rapid liquid–liquid phase separation of nucleoporins with direct optical interrogation. Freshly formed liquid nucleoporin droplets mimic permeability barrier properties of NPCs.


This paper discusses recent trends in internet development and possible important consequences for the OR-community. The discussion refers some experiments with a new branch of internet applications which may prove to have a tremendous impact on the OR-related software industry.


Patients diagnosed with borderline personality and substance abuse disorders represent
a challenge for specifi c treatment centers. These patients tend to experience diffi culties
in substance or alcohol abuse programs due to their frequent interpersonal problems
and their addiction patterns, which do not fi t into a standard pattern of substance abuse
or dependence. Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy, oriented
toward the treatment of the experiences that originate both disorders, allows an integrated
approach of both problems. EMDR is a psychotherapy that addresses early trauma
and dysfunctional attachment experiences, which are highly prevalent both in BPD and
substance abuse disorders. We will illustrate a possible treatment plan from the EMDR
perspective through a case example.


The tailings reservoir is a major hazard source with high potential energy, which may cause an artificial debris flow. The stability of the tailings reservoir is extremely important to the normal operation of the mining enterprises and the safety of people's lives and property. In order to settle the problem that traditional manual monitoring is scattered, not timely, and difficult to manage, this article takes Huangmailing tailings as an example, and establishes the CMST model to optimize the network topology connection of the tailings monitoring points. BP neural network algorithm is used to discuss the intelligent discovery and early warning of the faults on-line monitoring system of tailings. In this way, the fault-points and the causes can be perceived quickly and accurately, and the risk of the tailings' safety accident can be reduced. It can be proved by the experimental results and two years stable operation of the system that BP neural network algorithm can accurately predict the value of safety monitoring data.


The object of this paper is to show that three determinantal identities which appeared in the author's joint paper with Dale [3], and which at the time were thought to be independent, are in fact simple illustrations of a general family of identities. Let M 1 be a persymmetric matrix of modified Appell polynomials ψm(x) and let M 2 be a symmetric matrix of the form where A is a persymmetric array of the constants ψm(0)Pis an array of x-elements with binomial coefficients and O is an array of zeros. Then to each submatrix of M 1 there corresponds a family of distinct submatrices of M 2 the determinants of which represent identical polynomials. The result can be extended to functions of two variables. The paper ends with two determinantal representations of ψm(x) and an identity relating three determinants.


The automobile sector is one that never ceases to demand the attention of regulators and commentators alike because of its economic importance, strategic and systemic influence and its traditional status as a source of prestige and national pride. Thus a distinct competition policy had to be created for it over the years on both sides of the Atlantic. This piece begins by outlining the specificities of the motor industry before detailing two particular issues where competition decision-makers have had to bend rules for the car sector: namely regarding trade protections and distribution systems. The paper then concludes by looking to how previous experience could influence the approach of the authorities towards auto-makers in the current troubled economic times.


The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of a live Automated Incident Detection (AID) system using only Floating Car Data (FCD) in one of the first large-scale FCD AID field trials. AID systems detect traffic events and alert upcoming drivers to improve traffic safety without human monitoring. These automated systems traditionally rely on traffic monitoring sensors embedded in the road. FCD allows for finer spatial granularity of traffic monitoring. However, low penetration rates of FCD probe vehicles and the data latency have historically hindered FCD AID deployment. We use a live country-wide FCD system monitoring an estimated 5.93% of all vehicles. An FCD AID system is presented and compared to the installed AID system (using loop sensor data) on 2 different highways in Netherlands. Our results show the FCD AID can adequately monitor changing traffic conditions and follow the AID benchmark. The presented FCD AID is integrated with the road operator systems as part of an innovation project, making this, to the best of our knowledge, the first full chain technical feasibility trial of an FCD-only AID system. Additionally, FCD allows for AID on roads without installed sensors, allowing road safety improvements at low cost.


Since CT-based 3D conformal radiation therapy has been in use in radiation therapy (RT), doses to the heart have been collected and attempts were made to correlate them to cardiac disease. Retrospective studies on large populations of patients treated either for breast cancer or for Hodgkin's lymphomas [1-4] showed a correlation between cardiac mortality and dose volume histogram (DVH) or normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) values of the heart. These studies maybe biased by the multiple cofactors of risk in cardiac diseases [2,5]. Moreover, RT-induced toxicities depend on the region of the heart that was irradiated and there is a need for improved imaging protocols to identify the heart substructures such as the coronary arteries. A recent dosimetric study [6] showed that evaluating the dose to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) may change the treatment strategy in breast irradiation. However, planning organ at risk volumes (PRV) must be defined with sufficient margins (ICRU 62) to include motions due to cardiac beating and breathing.


Background and purpose: Caring as the core concept of nursing, have been defined in different ways since the past, yet it remains an abstract concept in nursing practice. There are many discussions and challenges between scientists in nursing and so far few researches were carried out on this concept. The purpose of this study was to identify how nursing care is conceptualized by nurses in Iran, and to develop guidelines for clinical practice. Materials and methods: This study employed the hybrid model to define the concept of care through 3 phases. For the theoretical phase attributes of care were identified through a review of the literature (until 2011), and in depth interviews were conducted for the fieldwork to develop attributes from the data and to verify those identified from the literature review. In third phase attributes and final analysis of care were extracted from the first and second phase. Purposive sampling was done for 20 participants (16 nurses and 4 faculty members. Results: Core attributes of care include assessing patients' needs, altruism, duty responsibility, routine and participating in religious activities. However, core attributes of a good nurse who cares a patient includes creativity, responsibility, being decisive, capable of establishing effective relationship, and skillful in practice. Conclusion: It seems that the result of this study somewhat assisted in clearing the concept of care. This may result in providing the patients with care based on their needs, their satisfaction, professional development and reduction of health costs. Moreover, by identifying the facilitating and preventive factors, and the concept of care, nursing managers and instructors will be able to design and run their management and educational activities based on scientific findings which could provide the necessary conditions for learning and proper implementation of nursing care.


The present invention relates to an absorption-type desulfurizer for removing sulfur compounds and impurities from fuel supplied to a reforming reactor. According to one embodiment of the present invention, an absorption-type desulfurizer comprises: a desulfurizing unit for removing sulfur compounds that are odorant constituents existing in fuel, when a hydrocarbon-based gaseous raw material is used to produce hydrogen; and a filter provided at the front of the desulfurizing unit to remove impurities from the fuel flowing into the desulfurizing unit.


In addition to the notation used by the authors, the following is also used:

b = the thickness of the artesian aquifer, ft

b′ = the thickness of the confining bed through which vertical leakage takes place in proportion to the drawdown, ft

K′ = permeability of the confining bed, ft/sec

T = transmissibility of the aquifer which is equal to Kb in confined flow systems, and equals KD in unconfined flow systems, ft/sec

S = storage coefficient which, in artesian aquifers, is the volume of water that a unit decline of head releases from storage in a vertical prism of the aquifer of unit cross-section; its ultimate value in water table aquifers is the specific yield of the aquifer, which is designated by V in the authors' paper, demensionless

B = leakage factor, which equals ft [Hantush and Jacob, 1954] erf (Z) = the error function or the probability integral = dv erfc (Z) = the complementary error function = 1 − erf (Z)


Abstract : The resistance of single sheets of this material was so low as to be indeterminable by the test methods employed. The resistance of six plies of this material to perforation by caliber .45 ball projectiles (steel-jacketed) was about equal to that of solid pieces of aluminum alloy previously tested, whereas the resistance to perforation by the 17 grain fragment-simulator, G-2, or a similar combination was somewhat superior to that of solid pieces of equivalent weight. The resistance sof the subject material is low as to eliminate it from consideration as a potential body armor material.


In this article, the authors analyse the notion of 'economic reality' in EU VAT and how it is applied by the CJEU in its case law. The purpose is to clarify the concept of economic reality, to establish how it affects the taxation of transactions, and to what extent it should affect that taxation when taking into account the principle of legal certainty.
Economic reality, EU VAT, CJEU, case law, judicial interpretation, abuse of law, legal certainty, objective character, fiscal classification, neutrality


DENG Xiao-ping the theories concerning new and period legal system developments is very abundant, among them and most clear and definite, most of is concerning the legal system thought that " two grasp".But legal system thought that " two grasp" is a DENG Xiao-ping's legal system one of the core contentses that thought, and concentrate now the " basing on the people".DENG Xiao-ping's " two grasp" of legal system thought, primarily include below contents: The one hand grasps democracy developments, one hand to grasp legal system developments; The one hand grasps to reform to open, and the one hand grasp the punishment the corruption; The one hand grasps to reform to open, and the one hand grasp to attack crime;The one hand grasps the spiritual civilization, one hand to grasp legal system developments, and consumedly promoted the our country the socialism legal system developments, and by the root guaranteed the realizing of biggest benefits that people do ever had.


Introduction: Pancreas transplantation alone or associated to renal transplantation appears as the most efficient method to restore euglycemia in a person with type 1 diabetes. This study aimed to characterize patients undergoing simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) in Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP), a single centre in Portugal, and analise its evolution.
Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all pancreas-kidney transplants performed between May 2000 and May 2015 concerning several variables.
Results: There were 180 transplants (51.1% females); the patients mean age at the time of transplantation was 34.8 ± 6.0 years; the mean time from diabetes diagnosis was 23.7 ± 6.0 years; the mean duration of dialysis was 27 ± 21.1 months; the mean inpatient time at tranplantation procedure was 24 ± 18.6 days. Sixteen patients died. Among survivors, the loss of pancreatic and kidney grafts ocurred in 39 and 20 patients respectively. Survival rates (death-censored) at 1, 5, 10 and 15 years were, respectively, 97%, 95%, 90% and 76% for patients, 96%, 93%, 84% and 79% for renal allograft and 87%, 80%, 74% and 71% for pancreatic graft.
Discussion: With the results of our simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation program, we conclude that this procedure remains a very valid option to treat selected people with type 1 diabetes mellitus.


Abstract : In our previous study we have shown that the ocular response to laser induced ocular injury is characterized by an inflammatory reaction with enhancement in prostaglandin (PG) production and a cellular infiltration. Steroid treatment curtailed the PGs response but did not effect the inflammatory infiltrate. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of leukotrienes B4 (LTB4) in laser induced retinal injury. The following parameters were studied; LTB4 production by the retinachoroid, its accumulation in the vitreous, and changes in vitreal protein levels.. In addition, the effect of an antileukotriene drug (NDGA) on LTB4 accumulation in the vitreous was studied. Histopathological evaluation of the inflammatory response following NDGA treatment alone or combined with steroids was performed well. The antileukotriene drug that has been chosen for the present study was norguaiaretic acid.


Observed in broader sense, cultural tourism should present values, i.e. attractive components of cultural heritage of Vojvodina as a constituent part of Euro-region "Danube-Kris-Moris-Tisa". The members of the regional cooperation are Vojvodina together with counties Arad, Timis, Hunedoara, Karas-Severin (Romania), Bac-Kiskun, Bekes, Tsongrad, Jas-Nadkun-Solnok. Every cultural value on the level of tourist attractiveness demands not only an expert and scientific presentation, but also permanent activity on its protection (conservation and restoration). The result of the activity is higher level of attractiveness and exclusiveness of the tourist product and higher competition of the offer. It is necessary to include selective forms of tourism which comply with the need for protection and preservation of the tourist values, i.e. to develop tourism in the area dispersively, with low concentration of people and objects. In the area with important cultural values tourism should be directed quantitatively to control the types and capacities of objects, network of infrastructure and superstructure systems, frequency and directions of visits. Tourist value of preserved cultural values is immense. It is primarily based on autochthonous and exclusive quality of certain motifs, which are unique for this area. Its tourist presentation is unsatisfactory, unattractive, and inapplicable at the tourist market and it lacks in creative contemporary marketing devices with accompanying propaganda and information activity and powerful penetration into fastidious tourist market. The basic goal of the research is to select objects, phenomena, and processes which have necessary predisposition for selective cultural tourism, which is naturally based on the principles of sustainable development.


Tourism has caused negative impacts on protected coastal areas in Brazil, due to lack of planning activity. The present work aims to characterize the visitors to the State Park of Cardoso Island (PEIC), located on the southern coast of São Paulo in order to support the planning of tourism and educational activities in mangrove areas. Between 2002 and 2006, the Perequê Center, located in the northeastern part of the Cardoso Island, received 210 groups of visitors, totaling 8,420 people. The visitor groups ranged from 2 to 138 people. Each coordinator of the visiting groups completed a questionnaire prepared by PEIC, generating a total of 210 questionnaires between 2002 and 2006. Information on the number of visitors, purpose of visit, activities, length of stay, among other were recorded only by the person responsible for each group of visitors. The questionnaires were filled only by groups of visitors who were staying in PEIC. Data were analyzed quantitatively. Most visitors PEIC was formed by groups of schools, accompanied by travel agencies specializing in the study of the environment. The Perequê Center received 8,420 visitors between 2002 and 2006, which stayed at this protected area. The visit showed well defined seasonality influenced by the school-year. The majority of school groups that attended most of the Perequê Center were private institutions, coming mainly from São Paulo, Campinas, Sorocaba and Curitiba cities. The results from this study can assist recommendations to minimize the negative impacts caused by activities and maximize the quality of tourism and educational experiences obtained during the visitation in mangrove areas.


Taking the total angular momentum conservation in place of tangential momentum conservation,and considering the square and higher power terms of orbital eccentricity e and effect of tidal interaction,the equations of changes of orbital elements of binaries are reduced for wind accretion scenario.These new equation of orbial elements are used to calculate the properties of barium stars,and compared the results with without tidal interaction.the results show that tidal friction diminishes the total energy of binaries systems with shorter orbital periods.This effect can be removed by considering only systems with period above 150?days.The degree of tidal interaction is dependent on the ratio of the stellar radius to the separation of the stars.


In order to solve intellectual property problems of the digital age, two basic procedures are used: " Buy and drop, " linked to the destruction of various peer-to-peer solutions and " subpoena and fear, " as the creation of non-natural social fear by specific legislations. Although customers around the world are willing to buy digital products over networks, the industry is still using conventional procedures to push such a decisive customer impulse back into existing and conventional markets. Digital watermarking is described as a possibility to interface and close the gap between copyright and digital distribution. It is based on steganographic techniques and enables useful right protection mechanisms. Digital watermarks are mostly inserted as a plain bit sample or a transformed


The present case study was conducted on a 74-year-old man who visited our department 28 due to a left renal and retroperitoneal tumor on computed tomography (CT). The patient 29 was diagnosed with left renal cancer lymph node metastasis and was hospitalized few weeks 30 prior to surgery due to fever, malaise, and severe appetite loss. Biochemical laboratory 31 findings at admission showed markedly high levels of inflammation. The cause of high 32 inflammatory response was paraneoplastic syndrome. Tumor resection was considered 33 necessary, and left nephrectomy and lymphadenectomy were performed; however, it did 34 not improve the inflammatory response. After operation, Positron emission tomography-CT 35 revealed hyperaccumulation of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in the bone marrow throughout the 36 body. Pathological examination of the resected specimen and bone marrow aspiration 37 revealed the coexistence of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (CD) and renal cancer. 38 Prednisolone and tocilizumab were administered for idiopathic multicentric CD and a 39 tyrosine kinase inhibitor for renal cancer; however, they had poor therapeutic effect, and 40 the patient died. CD is characterized by systemic symptoms due to the overproduction of 41 interleukin (IL)-6. Treatment for idiopathic multicentric CD involves steroid and anti-IL-6 42 therapy. The diagnostic criteria for CD require the exclusion of malignant tumors although 43 there are some cases in which CD and malignant tumors coexist. The prognosis for CD is 44 relatively good; however, as in this case, the prognosis of CD coexisting with uncontrollable 45 renal cancer is insufficient due to poor improvement in the inflammatory response.


Building on the theory of infinitesimal Newton--Okounkov bodies and previous work of Lazarsfeld--Pareschi--Popa, we present a Reider-type theorem for higher syzygies of ample line bundles on abelian surfaces. As an application of our methods we confirm a conjecture of Gross and Popescu on abelian surfaces with a very ample primitive polarization of type $(1,d)$, whenever $d\geq 23$.


Balková M., Záhorská R. (2016): Impact of shelter on daylight in the stables for dairy cows. Res. Agr. Eng., 62 (Special Issue): S21–S26. The aim of the measurement was to assess the illuminance values and values of daylight factor in two stables for dairy cows that have the same technology layout. The difference between the stables was a shelter on the side of one of them. Measurements were made halfway through the stables including edge portions with cubicle and central parts with feed passage, above which is skylight. From the measured values of illuminance and calculated values of daylight factor, it can be seen that the effect of roof skylight is significant in terms of daylight. At the same time, they show how shelter affects daylight in the stable. The difference in values in the section under the roof skylight and in parts where the external walls are open is considerable. In the sheltered part, illuminance values are even lower than those with other external walls. This implies that the shelter sufficiently shades the cubicle, which is especially useful during summer.


PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF ETHANOL IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS: EFFECT OF INPUT-RATE AND DEGREE OF Em.ANOL EXPOSURE ON SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE MEASURES OF IMPAIRMENT By: Vijay A. Ramchandani, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Medical College of Virginia at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 1996 DIRECTOR: Jurgen Venitz, M.D., Ph.D., Associate Professor and Director of Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynarnics Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics The goal of this project was to investigate the effect of input-rate (oral and intravenous) and degree of exposure on the pharrnacok:inetics of ethanol and on subjective and objective measures of impairment, as well as on the development of acute tolerance to the effects of ethanol in young, healthy volunteers. The primary objective of this research was to test the following hypotheses: 1) the rate and degree of ethanol exposure (oral and intravenous) in normal healthy males and females affect the pharrnacok:inetics (PK) and pharrnacodynarnics (PD) of ethanol in a non-linear fashion; 2) the EEG changes after ethanol administration correlate with changes in psychometric performance and subject-rated impairment, as well as serum


A large scale of epizootic occurred on Culex sp.population in Nanping of Fujian Province in May,1987.The pathogenes were Entomophthora culicis (92.4%) and Erynia curvispora (2.9%),and a small portion of Culex sp.were attacked simultaneously by these two fungi (4.7%).The conidia of E.culicis are campanulate,10.3×13.3—6.6×11.6 μm (averaging 12.1±0.15×9.0±0.15μm),L/D ratio 1.4—1.75.Resting spores globose,smooth, averaging 27.15±0.14 μm,endogenic or exogenic.Rhizoids present without differentiated hold- fasts.Cystidia absent.Growing slowly on Egg-yolk medium.


Activity of bc1 complex (ABC1K) is a protein kinase commonly found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. It plays an important role in various developmental and physiological processes, especially critical for plant response to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, a genome analysis was carried out and 18 genes of ABC1K family were identified in tomato. Phylogenetic results showed that these members could be classified into three groups - ancestral clade, mitochondrial clade and photosynthetic- specific clade, with several subgroups based on subcellular location prediction by WoLF PSORT and all the SlABC1K proteins contained an ABC1K conserved kinase motifs-VAIK (VAVK, VAMK) and DFG (DEG). Conserved motifs analyzed by MEME program indicated that all ABC1K protein contains motif 2, 5, 6 and 8. Predictably, the SlABC1K proteins were localized in chloroplasts or mitochondria; in our analysis of expression patterns, SlABC1K genes could be detected in all tomato organs, and eight genes were specifically expressed in tomato leaf, which implied that the SlABC1Ks might be involved in energy metabolism in tomato. The expression of several genes was significantly changed under abiotic stress, implying their probability of performing various roles in abiotic stresses (NaCl, high temperature, cold, abscisic acid and salicylic acid).


Iconographic research of Paul Gauguin's graphical work «Caricature of Tahiti Governor Lacascade» presents by itself a new methodological technique in art-historian analysis of work of arts. The given method allows not only attributing a concrete work of art within the oeuvre of an artist, basing only upon a detailed research of its graphical surface, but fully revealing its content as well. Here, we present as the technique of iconographic research itself (usage of concrete general scientific methods in compliance with the specifics of analysis stages), so its results, being methodically fixed on every separate stage of analysis.


In order to solve the problems of the accuracy of pulse in top magnetic shaker,the inequality proportion PWM impulse was investigated.After the analysis of inequality proportion PWM impulse,the relationship between duty cycle and waveform was established.A method was presented to the fundament and implementation method of the non-uniform pulse width modulation impulse.The universal 8-bit microcontroller and FET switching device were evaluated on the basis of the block diagram of digital DC-DC switched circuit,the inequality proportion PWM impulse technique were tested.The experimental results show that the theory is correct.Lastly,to practical application,the different exterior composite factor is analyzed,and the ways to select the new technique with appropriately are supplied.


The use of ceramics in gas turbines allows significantly higher inlet temperatures (2500 deg F) without the necessity of complex cooling designs. A review is presented of the present status of two turbines presently under the Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency sponsorship. The properties, costs, and required design considerations for ceramics are highlighted. Anticipated performance benefits are cited for both small and large turbines. (Authors)


Effects of irrelevant speech and articulatory suppression on serial recall of heard and read materials* Summary Immediate serial recall of verbal items is severely disrupted when irrelevant background speech is presented during task performance. According to the phonological loop model, this effect occurs because spoken material gains obligatory access into the phonological store, whereas visually presented items must be translated into a phonological code by means of subvocal rehearsal. We tested this assumption by examining the combined effects of irrelevant speech and articulatory suppression on serial recall of digit sequences presented either visually or auditorily. In line with the phonological loop model, articulatory suppression abolished the irrelevant speech effect when presentation was visual. In the auditory presentation condition, the irrelevant speech effect withstood suppression (Experiments 1). Furthermore, Experiments 2, 3 and 4 demonstrated that, irrespective of presentation modality, the irrelevant speech effect persists through a 10 second retention interval filled with articulatory suppression. These results contradict the assumption that phonological traces decay rapidly when rehearsal is prevented by articulatory suppression, but are in line with findings on the persistence of the phonological similarity effect. The results are discussed with respect to recent models of short-term memory. Key words: short-term memory, working memory, irrelevant speech effect, articulatory suppression, trace decay, modality effects Introduction Immediate serial recall of verbal material is severely disrupted by concurrent presentation of background speech which subjects are instructed to ignore. This "irrelevant speech effect" (ISE) occurs even with low intensities of the speech, and with languages that the participants do not understand. With respect to the locus of the interference caused by irrelevant speech, there is convincing evidence that it affects rehearsal, but not encoding and recall of the items (e.g., Miles, Jones & Madden 1991; Baddeley & Salame 1986). The effect has been interpreted within the framework of the phonological loop model proposed by Baddeley (1986, 1990, 1992). The phonological loop is a sub-component of working memory which serves as a storage system specializing in the retention of speech-based material. According to Baddeley's model, the phonological loop consists of two parts. The first is a passive storage component which holds speech-based information in a phonological code which is independent of input modality. The second is an active rehearsal process, based on speech-output mechanisms, which serves to refresh the contents of the phonological store in order to prevent trace decay. Without rehearsal, phonological traces are assumed to decay rapidly after 12 seconds. Additionally, the rehearsal process is necessary for re-coding visually presented items into a phonological code necessary for entry into the store. Conversely, heard (spoken) items are assumed to gain direct access to the phonological store, without the mediation of the rehearsal process. This model is based on a collection of empirical findings concerning the combined effects of articulatory suppression (concurrently uttering a simple syllable such as "the"), word length (poorer performance for long than for short words; Baddeley, Thomson & Buchanan 1975), phonemic similarity (poorer performance for similar sounding items; Conrad 1964), and irrelevant speech (Salame & Baddeley 1982). When the items are presented visually, blocking the rehearsal process by means of articulatory suppression abolishes the effects of word length, phonemic similarity and irrelevant speech. This is assumed to occur because articulatory suppression prevents visually presented items from being phonologically recoded and registered within the phonological loop. With auditory presentation, articulatory suppression abolishes the word length effect, but leaves the phonological similarity effect unaffected (Baddeley, Lewis & Vallar 1984). …


Key Points Question How much burnout, job strain, and suicidal ideation are experienced by tenured university hospital faculty staff in France? Findings In a nationwide cross-sectional survey of 2390 tenured university hospital faculty members, 40% of participants reported severe burnout, 12% reported job strain, and 15% reported suicidal ideation. Risk factors amenable to improvement included work encroachment on private life and perceived lack of support from the institution. Meaning These findings underscore the urgent need for measures to improve working conditions for university hospital faculty and increase job attractiveness for the next generation.


Few studies of genetically determin ed traits, other than erythrocyte antigens, or phenylthiocarbamide taste ability (1 , ~, .1,r" IO), have been conducted in leprosy, Therefore, as part of an investiga tion of genetic polymorphism and leprosy conducted under the auspices of the Leonard Wood Memorial, five genetic markers were studied in leprosy patients and controls from Cebu, Philippines. Included were the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ( G6PD ) and four serum proteins, viz. , haptoglobins, transferrins, groupspecific components (Gc ), and the (3lipoprotein ( Ag"). Haptoglobin is a protein component of -::he serum that has the capaci ty to bind hemoglobin. In hemolytic diseases, the hemoglobin from destroyed cells is removed from circulation as a haptoglobinhemoglobin complex, In such states the


the disciplined trader developing winning attitudes is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the the disciplined trader developing winning attitudes is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The paper deals with the great significance of increasing public goods supply for the rural areas.It is pointed out that there are various problems with public goods supply for the countryside,which have damaged the peasants' interest.To speed up the construction of new countryside,it is suggested that measures should be taken to increase the supply of public goods for the rural areas.


A study to determine the time period when the use of contraception began to affect the conception rate is presented. The diaphragm became significant in the area of Copenhagen after Leunbach opened the Danish Sexual Advisory Clinic in 1924. At this time diaphragms of good quality began to be manufactured women were taught how to insert the diaphragm and married working women were the main concern of the family planning effort. The number of women using the diaphragm increased from 5000 in 1932 to 40000 in 1954. The diaphragm came into significant use outside Copenhagen after 1940. Although more research is needed to determine the exact time that condom use became significant an estimate of about 1920 is suggested. After laws were passed regulating the sale and quality of condoms in 1937 condom use became significant outside Copenhagen. IUD use became significant after 1966.


This investigation examined alterations in neuromuscular drive for dynamic and static muscle contractions, muscle strength, and cross-sectional area (CSA) with a 12-week progressive resistance-training program (PRT). Nine healthy men (70.0 ± 1.7 years) were evaluated for maximal and submaximal neuromuscular drive (integrated electromyography [IEMG]), whole-muscle strength, isokinetic power, and thigh CSA. The results demonstrated no significant differences pre- to post-PRT in the submaximal IEMG signals (p > .05). IEMG increased (p < .05) for the maximal static contraction (29% ± 12%) and isokinetic velocities concentrically and eccentrically. There was an increase (p < .05) in maximal static strength (27% ± 5%), isokinetic concentric and eccentric strength, muscle power, IRM (47% ± 6%), and CSA (6% ± 1%; p < .05). The results reveal significant neuromuscular-drive alterations in concentric and eccentric dynamic contractions with PRT in older men and indicate that their neuromuscular drive contributes sig...


This research paper attempts to critically analyse the poetic volume Snapshots of a Daughter-in-law: Poems 1954 - 1962 in the light of feminist literary theory. This paper is divided into two distinct parts: Introduction and Critical analysis of the volume Snapshots of a Daughter-in- law: Poems 1954-1962. Beginning with feminism as a concept the article introduces feminism in literature revealing its impact on the society and the counter effect on the feminist writers. This section also presents biographical details of the poet, Adrienne Rich. Focusing on Rich's innate talents, her courage, her vivacity, her determination, her will to change the gender bias, this article precisely and systematically analyses the volume Snapshots of a Daughter-in-law: Poems 1954-1962. This volume shows a kind of movement from mild objections against patriarchal norms to harsh allegations against destructive masculinity crushing life out of women. Rich has realized that sufferings of women are universal. Marriage and motherhood have been made tools for oppression. Home is not the only source of happiness, rather satisfaction comes only when one is able to experience the full flowering of one's


Natures of most applications data evolving with time, and previous data state is still needed for various things besides current state, such as trend analysis, decision making, and others. Temporal data is a data inherently with time. Current data will be replaced with a new one. Database temporal is a bitemporal database. A database supports both historical and transaction database capabilities; it represented with valid-time, and transaction-time. Database temporal can be implemented on relational database model, or object-oriented database model. The low level implementation strategy of database temporal is proposed in this paper. As consequence, temporal database management system must be built from the scratch. A temporal database engine must be built. Prototype of temporal database engines have been built both on relational data model, and object-oriented data model. Kata kunci: data temporal, sistem basis data, basis data berorientasi obyek, basis data relasional, basis data spasio-temporal.


Graphplan has attracted considerable interest because of its extremely high performance, but the algorithm's inability to handle action representations more expressive than STRIPS is a major limitation. In particular , extending Graphplan to handle conditional eeects is a surprisingly subtle enterprise. In this paper, we describe the space of possible alternatives, and then concentrate on one particular approach we call fac-tored expansion. Factored expansion splits an action with conditional eeects into several new actions called components, one for each conditional eeect. Because these action components are not independent, fac-tored expansion complicates both the mutual exclusion and backward chaining phases of Graphplan. As compensation, factored expansion often produces dramatically smaller domain models than does the more obvious full-expansion into exclusive STRIPS actions. We present experimental results showing that factored expansion dominates full expansion on large problems.


In recent years, to break through the performance limitations of traditional materials themselves, the design of metamaterials has received extensive attention. In this paper, a novel three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio mechanical metamaterial is designed by configuring the cellular structure of three-dimensional negative Poisson's ratio materials. The structure combines the traditional concave quadrilateral structure and the rotating rigid body structure and replaces the rigid nodes of the rotating rigid body structure with the concave quadrilateral structure. The traditional negative Poisson's ratio structure can only produce an obvious negative Poisson's ratio effect in another single direction when it is loaded in one direction. The negative Poisson's ratio structure designed in this paper has an obvious negative Poisson's ratio effect in the other two directions when the force is applied in one direction, and the performance of the designed structure is verified by theory and simulation.


: Cloud computing emerging as a vital resource of every business firm in the world, as a result there is a tremendous usage and movement of data from the cloud data centres to client on 24x7. This phenomenon generates many types of errors or faults at various stages of cloud computing process. The errors or faults are identified and resolved using EDP (Error Detection Program) part 1[14] and stored in simple text file using many attributes for further processing [15]. In this paper author proposing a mechanism to import the errors from the simple text file using python script and an automated SQL query will now export the data into a table in the MySQL data base. All the errors are stored as per the priority generated by a SQL query. In the next paper author applies various data mining techniques such as clustering, classification, forecasting on MySQL database to alert the various cloud administrators to prevent the errors or faults.


Gestational trophoblastic disease includes a spectrum that consists of hydatidiform mole, invasive mole and nonmolar trophoblastic tumors which consists of placental site trophoblastic tumour and choriocarcinoma. The characteristic feature of this disease is raised Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (β -HCG) levels which are useful for diagnosis as well as follow up after treatment and for prediction of recurrence.


Levitation experiments using a high-temperature superconductor coil have been carried out. A coil with a minor radius of 42 mm was fabricated with a Bi-2223 tape conductor, and immersed in the liquid nitrogen. The coil current was induced by the field-cooling method up to the critical current value. The current decay of the coil can be accounted for by the flux flow resistance and the normal resistance at the lap joint. The high-temperature superconductor coil can be levitated for 4 min or more within an accuracy of 25–30 µm.


In the new global economy, customer retention has become a central issue for business survival. Customer retention lies under the umbrella of relationship marketing. This study is an endeavor to revisit customer retention in context of retail marketing through customer satisfaction. A review of pertinent literature is conducted to explore the relationship of customer retention with customer satisfaction in context of retail marketing with dimension such as brand community, shopping convenience, and personalization of service. A research framework is suggested with review of pertinent literature that takes customer retention as independent variable, retail marketing as dependent through mediation of customer satisfaction.


Background: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic affects cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) directly through infection and indirectly through health service reorganisation and public health policy. Real-time data are needed to quantify direct and indirect effects. We aimed to monitor hospital activity for presentation, diagnosis and treatment of CVDs during the pandemic to inform on indirect effects. Methods: We analysed aggregate data on presentations, diagnoses and treatments or procedures for selected CVDs (acute coronary syndromes, heart failure, stroke and transient ischaemic attack, venous thromboembolism, peripheral arterial disease and aortic aneurysm) in UK hospitals before and during the COVID-19 epidemic. We produced an online visualisation tool to enable near real-time monitoring of trends. Findings: Nine hospitals across England and Scotland contributed hospital activity data from 28 Oct 2019 (pre-COVID-19) to 10 May 2020 (pre-easing of lockdown), and for the same weeks during 2018-2019. Across all hospitals, total admissions and emergency department (ED) attendances decreased after lockdown (23 March 2020) by 57.9% (57.1-58.6%) and 52.9% (52.2-53.5%) respectively compared with the previous year. Activity for cardiac, cerebrovascular and other vascular conditions started to decline 1-2 weeks before lockdown, and fell by 31-88% after lockdown, with the greatest reductions observed for coronary artery bypass grafts, carotid endarterectomy, aortic aneurysm repair and peripheral arterial disease procedures. Compared with before the first UK COVID-19 (31 January 2020), activity declined across diseases and specialties between the first case and lockdown (total ED attendances RR 0.94, 0.93-0.95; total hospital admissions RR 0.96, 0.95-0.97) and after lockdown (attendances RR 0.63, 0.62-0.64; admissions RR 0.59, 0.57-0.60). There was limited recovery towards usual levels of some activities from mid-April 2020. Interpretation: Substantial reductions in total and cardiovascular activities are likely to contribute to a major burden of indirect effects of the pandemic, suggesting they should be monitored and mitigated urgently.


The feminist movement in the United States began with a refusal by women to allow their traditional secondary status to remain acceptable. Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady of the United States, once admonished that "no one can make you feel inferior without your consent." 1 In most cultures around the world, including the United States, women have consented to inferiority throughout much of their history. But no longer. The women's rights movement has led to "enormous and mundane, subtle and not-so-subtle, delightful, painful, immediate, far-reaching, paradoxical, inexorable and probably irreversible changes in women's lives, and men's." 2


This paper reports the quantitative estimation of heavy metals contamination in the soil, around the power station, by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Soil samples were collected from various distances (200–1000 m) and depths (10–50 cm) in the vicinity of the Iskandar power station in Johor, Malaysia. Samples were dried and pelletised prior to excitation. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was employed to ablate the sample and MayaPro spectrometer (Ocean Optics) for recording the emission spectrum of laser-induced plasma. Pb, Fe, Ni and Cu concentrations were estimated in the polluted soil with repeatability rate of above 96%. Quantitative results of LIBS were validated by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) and were found in good agreement. The concentration of the detected heavy metal elements was found within the safety limits set by Department of Environment (DOE) of Malaysia and the European standards.


Modern informative and communication technologies offer universities a wide range of opportunities for visualization and interactivity in the learning process that fully correspond to the perception, thinking and learning characteristic of the digital generation of students. Current research shows unequivocally that interactive tools improve students' academic achievement, motivation, engagement and learning of the scientific content. For medical education, practical training is an important part of the preparation of the students and the formation of their professional appearance. The aim of the present study is to present the most frequently used interactive methods in the professional training of the students of the medical laboratory assistant and rehabilitation therapist students who are studying at Stara Zagora Medical College, and their role in shaping the future professional appearance. Any interactive method may be more effective if presented through appropriate technical, digital tools and technologies. The Medical College has modern information and communication tools for training - multimedia, specialized equipment tailored to the specifics of each specialty, modern mucus and mock-ups, microscopic camera and others. Learning and practical classes provide the opportunity to apply different interactive learning methods that stimulate communication, interaction and collaboration, but also the development of personal qualities, such as tolerance, responsibility to yourself and others. Students learn to think professionally, make the best decisions in a particular situation, and take responsibility. An interactive learning environment complements traditional learning. The application of innovative approaches, methods and forms in the practical training of students contributes to raising the interest, motivation and quality of learning. On the other hand, it also contributes to improving the quality of teaching, as innovative approaches are also a tool for training and management.


The mechanism of formation of composite cadmium sulfide and zinc sulfide ultrafine particles (Cd{sub 1{minus}x}Zn{sub x}S) by simultaneous precipitation of cadmium sulfide and zinc sulfide in sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)/isooctane reverse micelles has been studied. The particle formation process was followed by the change in UV-visible absorption spectra. The effects of the reactant concentration, the molar ratio of cadmium to zinc ions, and the water content on the particle formation process were investigated. The resultant particles were richer in CdS than the feed composition of the cadmium to zinc ions in the reaction solution. The particle composition was found to be controlled by the solubility of the CdS and ZnS ultrafine particles. The particle coagulation process was analyzed on the basis of a statistical distribution of particles among the reverse micelles. The coagulation rate constant was controlled by the composition and the size of the particles and by the size of the reverse micelles.


Systems that learn from examples often create a disjunctive concept definition. The disjuncts in the concept definition which cover only a few training examples are referred to as small disjuncts. The problem with small disjuncts is that they are more error prone than large disjuncts, but may be necessary to achieve a high level of predictive accuracy [Holte, Acker, and Porter, 1989]. This paper extends previous work done on the problem of small disjuncts by investigating the reasons why small disjuncts are more error prone than large disjuncts, and evaluating the impact small disjuncts have on inductive learning. This paper shows that attribute noise, missing attributes, class noise, and training set size can each cause small disjuncts to be more error prone than large disjuncts. This paper also evaluates the impact that these factors have on learning with small disjuncts (i.e., on the error rate). It shows, for two artificial domains, that when low levels of attribute noise are applied only to the training set (the ability to learn the correct noise-free concept is being evaluated), small disjuncts are primarily responsible for making learning difficult. Learning with Small Disjuncts


Models of self-regulated learning describe learners as actively and mindfully employing cognitive and metacognitive strategies as they pursue their learning goals. Self-regulated learners set goals, plan, and use a variety of cognitive strategies, monitor progress towards their goals, and manage their emotional states. However, many classroom teachers observe students who use passive study techniques or who apply simple strategies. To examine the level of self-regulation as students read their textbooks in preparation for classroom examination, students were surveyed after each exam in two college classes. In one course (Psychological Testing), students (n=27) read their texts only immediately before the tests and used shallow study tactics (such as highlighting). Across the semester, the quality of study strategies decreased slightly, but students also increased their efforts. Test scores improved significantly. Relatively strong correlations emerged between studying and test performance, supporting the notion that strategies do indeed work for students who use them. Like the Testing class, the Educational Psychology students (n=34) initially used shallow tactics and read their text only prior to the test. Unlike the Testing class, the level of effort was constant across the semester, but the quality of strategies used improved significantly (trying tactics such as concept maps and peer questioning). At the same time, test scores dropped across the semester and weak correlations were found between studying and test performance. This may be the result of insufficient practice with the new techniques, or insufficient effort in using these strategies. (Contains 11 references and 3 tables of data.) (Author/RS) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Self-regulated learning 1 RUNNING HEAD: Self-regulation of Reading Self-Regulation of Reading College Textbooks Jerrold E. Barnett Northwest Missouri State University PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY J. 3 TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 2 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDU TIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy.


We describe the waveguide properties of the asymmetric dielectric slab formed by a very‐high‐index film on a low‐index substrate. The analysis is appropriate for Pb‐salt films grown on fluorite structure substrates. The mode reflectivities, surface scattering losses, and gain enhancements for the low‐order TE and TM modes are considered. The stronger confinement of the TM modes leads to larger gain enhancements than for the TE modes. For the film thicknesses of interest, 2–4 μm, the TE and TM mode reflectivities are comparable. Using the theory of Tien, the TE modes show substantially lower surface scattering losses than TM modes of the same order. The magnitude of this loss, however, depends on an unknown parameter σ, the variance of the surface height. Experimental results are presented for thin‐film diode lasers made with Pb Schottky barriers on p‐type PbTe (index 6.4) grown epitaxially on BaF2 substrates (index 1.42). The spontaneous emission at 77°K is shown to agree with the band‐band recombination ...


Policy Interact?; and How Transparent Should a Central Bank Be? * In my closing remarks, I noted that because conferences have to be planned so far in advance, there is always a danger of focusing on topics that lose their relevance as the event approaches. And the economic changes that occurred between November 2000 and November 2001 were striking, as the economy headed into recession and the September 11 tragedy unfolded. Still, in my view, the topics discussed at the Policy Forum turned out to be even more relevant as the economic landscape shifted, and the day's program generated interesting debate and discussion and provided numerous insights. President Anthony M. Santomero of the Philadelphia Fed began the day, pointing out that Chairman Greenspan moved one aspect of the first issue, "How Should Monetary Policy React to Asset Prices?" to the forefront several years ago and, in the process, introduced a new phrase into the financial lexicon. During a speech in December 1996, with the Dow at 6437, he posed the now famous question: "... how do we know when irrational exuberance has unduly escalated asset values?" As Santomero said, since that time, the Chairman's question has gotten tougher to answer. And the follow-up questions — How do dramatic shifts in asset values affect aggregate spending? Should they figure into the Fed's monetary policy decisions? And if so, how? — are equally tough to answer. In Santomero's view, the Fed must take into account the potential impact of asset markets on the real economy. Meanwhile, asset market participants must take into account the Fed's impact on financial conditions, real-sector performance, and hence the returns on their portfolios. In his view, the Fed and the asset markets are locked into a complicated game. The question is: What are the rules of that game, and how should the Fed play it? Santomero said that the second Policy Forum question, "How Should Monetary Policy and Fiscal n November 30, 2001, the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia held its first Philadelphia Fed Policy Forum, "Three Questions for Monetary Policymakers." This event, sponsored by the Bank's Research Department, brought together a group of highly respected academics, policymakers, and market economists, for discussion and debate about important macroeconomic and monetary policy issues the Fed needed to address in the coming year. The Policy Forum was not intended to be a traditional academic conference on monetary policy, nor was it intended to be a discussion of issues relevant to the next FOMC meeting. Rather, we took a longer term perspective and tried to engage the right people in a discussion of current macroeconomic research and its implications for monetary policy.


In view of the problems of power distribution network monitoring system such as single function,low integration degree,weak interoperability,this paper presented a new method to expand and open the current kinds of monitoring device and flexible networking.A monitoring management information platform was built by designing an integrated application distribution network realtime monitoring system based on information fusion,achieving a unified data management and user remote access by collecting monitor data to S3C2440 chip as the core of embedded gateway through the ZigBee wireless sensor network.And at last,an implementation method of the system software was put forward.Through actual monitoring the distribution transformer state of a certain factory,it turns out that this system meets the requirements of reliability and real time.


Two hypotheses have been advanced to explain the extreme biological toxicity of DNA-associated125 I: (a) high local concentrations of radiation energy from low-energy Auger electrons; (b) charge-in...


The estrogenic potency of combined oral contraceptives (OC) is discussed. A dose of 30-50 mcg estrogen was recommended once it was learned that the incidence of thromboembolic disease was related to the estrogen content of OCs. The synthetic progestogens in OCs are usually nortestosterone derivatives, many of which are partly metabolized to estrogen when taken orally. It is difficult, however, to determine whether pills with lowered estrogenicity will reduce the incidence of thromboembolic disorders. Norethynodrel has a purely additive effect on the estrogenicity of estrogens, norgestrel is antagonistic, while norethindrone and ethynodiol diacetate have less estrogenic action at high doses and more action at low doses. It is doubtful that the standard measure for estrogenicity in the mouse uterus is applicable to the association of thromboembolic disease and OC use. The only way to resolve the question is by a more complete epidemiological analysis, which requires greater cooperation in the reporting of thrombotic incidents.


Resources for the wiki assignment. How to find research on art movements and mediums. Introduction to Honors Art Appreciation course guide.


Permanent objective of the aeronautical industry is the weight reduction of airframe, systems and interior components in order to increase operational capacity and reduce environmental impact via reduction of fuel consumption. In this frame, the utilization of low weight materials, like magnesium alloys, could represent a break through solution. Yet, the aeronautical application of magnesium alloys remains very limited due to the high corrosion susceptibility and the poor damage tolerance behaviour as compared to other structural alloys like aluminum and titanium.
In the present work, a systematic investigation of the mechanical behaviour of two advanced rolled AZ magnesium alloys, namely AZ31 and AZ61, was conducted by taking into account the deformation mechanisms, damage accumulation mechanisms and failure mechanisms taking place in the microstructure of the materials. The present work mainly focuses on the fatigue behaviour of AZ31 alloy. Furthermore, the effect of prior corrosion damage on the mechanical behaviour has also been assessed. To accomplish the above objective a thorough experimental investigation was performed including microstructural characterization, tensile tests, constant amplitude fatigue tests and constant amplitude fatigue crack growth tests on both parent and pre-corroded specimens. The experimental results were supported by extensive metallographic and fractographic investigation. The tensile tests performed revealed anisotropy of the yield strength of the materials between rolling and transverse direction. The metallographic analysis has shown that the observed anisotropy is attributed to the near basal texture of the alloys and the angular spread of basal poles towards the rolling direction. Furthermore, the metallographic investigation indicates a clear variation in twinning density across the specimen length and the decisive role of twins in plastic deformation has been pointed out. Concerning the fatigue behaviour, it was observed that the S-N curves exhibit a very smooth transition from low to high cycle fatigue regime, indicating very high stress sensitivity on the fatigue life of the materials. Fatigue cracks in AZ31 alloy initiate in an early stage between strain incompatibility points (e.g. grain boundaries) due to difficulties in satisfying the von Mises criterion. As a result, the initiation and propagation mechanisms of the fatigue cracks are characterized as cleavage. In order to understand the fatigue mechanism of magnesium alloy AZ31 in the early stages of fatigue damage accumulation process, nano-indentation measurements at different percentages of the fatigue life of the AZ31 alloy have been performed and hardness alteration was obtained. The obtained results have shown that nano-hardness remains unchangeable with fatigue cycles until crack initiation. This has been interpreted as a lack of the material's ability to accumulate damage in terms of cyclic plasticity at the early stages resulting in very early crack initiation. This is a major disadvantage for application where fatigue life is of primary importance.
The mechanical tests on pre-corroded specimens have shown a significant degradation of the overall mechanical behaviour of the materials. Tensile properties degradation due to prior corrosion damage is attributed to the progressive notch effect of the developed pits, which increase locally the applied stress and in parallel reduce the ability of the material to accumulate large amounts of plastic deformation. In the case of cyclic loading the presence of corrosion pits results in the development of stress concentration, facilitating essentially the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks.
Concluding, the present work provides evidence that the major disadvantage of magnesium alloys for use in aeronautical structures is their fatigue behaviour, which is attributed to the hexagonal structure of magnesium, and secondarily the high corrosion susceptibility of magnesium which leads to significant degradation of the mechanical performance of the alloys.


A system (10) is attachable to a surface of a tissue (18) of a patient for applying pressure pulses to the tissue (18). The system (10) includes a shockwave transducer (12) that has a shockwave generating portion (14) and a solid transducer interface (16) arranged to directly contact a tissue (18) of a patient. The shockwave generating portion (14) includes an electrical-to-shockwave energy converter operable to generate shockwaves. The transducer interface (16) includes an electrically safe and bio- compatible material arranged to transmit the shockwaves from the shockwave generating portion (14) to the tissue (18).


Digital signal processor (DSP) intellectual property (IP) cores are the underlying hardware responsible for high performance data intensive applications. However an unauthorized IP vendor may counterfeit the DSP IPs and infuse them into the design-chain. Thus fake IPs or integrated circuits (ICs) are unknowingly integrated into consumer electronics (CE) systems, leading to reliability and safety issues for users. The latent solution to this threat is hardware steganography wherein vendor's secret information is covertly inserted into the design to enable detection of counterfeiting. A key-regulated hash-modules chaining based IP steganography is presented in our paper to secure against counterfeiting threat. The proposed approach yielded a robust steganography achieving very high security with regard to stego-key length than previous approaches.


We describe Mechanical TA, an automated peer review system, and report on our experience using it over three years. Mechanical TA differs from many other peer review systems by involving human teaching assistants (TAs) as a way to assure review quality. Human TAs both evaluate the peer reviews of students who have not yet demonstrated reviewing proficiency and spot check the reviews of students who have. Mechanical TA also features "calibration" reviews, allowing students to quickly gain experience with the peer-review process. We used Mechanical TA for weekly essay assignments in a class of about 70 students, a course design that would have been impossible if every assignment had had to be graded by a TA. We show evidence that it helped to support student learning, leading us to believe that the system may also be useful to others.


It is noted that most modern fighter aircraft rely on vortex interaction to provide lift enhancement at maneuvering angles of attack. It is shown that the close-coupled horizontal canard in a three-surface configuration provides a control surface which in addition to its other control functions, can be used to optimize this vortex interaction. Attention is given to a study intended to provide a detailed understanding of the aerodynamics of this type of configuration. The discussion examines the results of this investigation and hypotheses are presented to explain the linear and nonlinear aerodynamic phenomena observed.


Fibromyalgia represents a condition still controversial in its entity, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management (Figure ). In a world where everybody is connected, and everybody is sharing their own image, fibromyalgia (FM) represents the emblematic pathology of misconnection and lack of specific biomarker. FM is an invisible experience with all normal tests and analyses, without any visible biomarker to exhibit to healthcare professionals, colleagues and relatives. In this context, we propose to consider FM as a disease of misconnection at different levels: misconnection with society, misconnection with healthcare professionals, misconnection with pathophysiological concepts, misconnection between brain and body. The concept of misconnection defines FM in a different and holistic view and proposes different views of assessment, management and representation: FM pathophysiology: the desynchronization of brain and body FM recognition: the broken link between patients and physicians FM assessment: merging the body and mind for an optimal diagnosis and management FM treatment: re‐establishing the good connections at different levels


INTRODUCTION
The SHOX gene has been mapped at the pseudoautosomal region 1 (PAR1) of chromosomes X (Xp22.33) and Y (Yp11.32). The loss of SHOX gene functionality is assumed to be responsible for the Leri-Weill syndrome formation and the disproportionate short stature (DSS). The SHOX gene rearrangements constitute the majority of cases of gene functionality loss. Therefore, a practical application of the method, which allows for the diagnostics of the gene rearrangements, becomes a primary issue. With such an assumption, the MLPA technique (multiplex ligation - dependent probe amplification) becomes the method of choice.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
DNA samples were evaluated in the study by means of the MLPA method. The DNA was isolated from peripheral blood of sixty-three (63) 46,XX patients with short stature.

RESULTS
Out of the examined patients, deletions within the SHOX gene were found in five (5) patients, and duplication at the PAR1 regulatory region of the SHOX gene in one (1) case.

CONCLUSIONS
The obtained results confirm the opinion that the MLPA method, while enabling the diagnostics of the etiopathogenetic factor of short stature, identified in approximately 9.5% of cases, is a useful tool in the diagnostics of SHOX gene deletion and duplication. (Endokrynol Pol 2016; 67 (4): 397-402).


Based on Davidenkov skeleton curve of the one dimensional dynamic stress-strain relation, the dynamic shear stress-strain curves were constituted by using Mashing rules. The Davidenkov skeleton curve was corrected by using sectional functions, and the upper limit of failure shear strain amplitude was used as the sectional point. The modified skeleton curve could approach the upper limit of failure shear stress when shear strain amplitude approached infinite. The equations used to calculate damping ratio were derived. The effects of fitting parameters A, B and γ 0 on the curves of dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio versus shear strain amplitude(G/Gmax–γ and D–γ ) were studied systematically. Based on these studies, a new fitting method was suggested to fit the tested G/Gmax–γ and D–γ curves. It is obvious that the new fitting method is better than the current methods to fit the tested G/Gmax–γ and D–γ curves of soils in Nanjing city. The reference values of fitting parameters A, B and γ 0 are given to fit the G/Gmax–γ and D–γ curves of soils tested by free vibration column apparatus.


Changes in the shape of large lens elements due to the influences of gravity are important to consider in the fabrication, testing and assembly of optical systems. Tried and proven methods used for mounting large mirrors to minimize the effects of gravity are typically not applicable to large transmissive lens elements, due to the simple requirement that the clear aperture of a lens must remain free of mechanical obstructions. Precautions must be taken to ensure that an element's surfaces are correctly fabricated and then maintained when assembled into the final system. The amount of distortion caused by the weight of a particular lens element is dependent on a number of factors including: size, aspect ratio, shape, material, and the support on which it rests. Examples of the effects of these factors are modeled using Finite Element Analysis and demonstrated through interferometric testing. Attention is given to the mounting of lens elements within a system and simulating "real-world" conditions. These "real-world" conditions can produce results that are different from what was expected if only ideal cases have been considered. The work presented will aid the designer, fabricator, and metrologist to identify what optical elements and mounting conditions may be problematic and to minimize their effects.


Compressibility and shear strength are the principal geotechnical engineering properties of soils, which control the stability of a soil mass under structural loads. Therefore, it is always required to be measured before the design of the foundation of any structure. Evaluation of shear strength and compressibility characteristics are time consuming and laborious. Hence, there is a necessity for prediction of those characteristics with the help of correlating them with index properties, initial void ratio, natural moisture content, field densities of soils, which can be determined easily. In this paper, a study is conducted on two sets; two and three geotechnical natural properties together for Barika, Arbat and Hwana fine-grained soils in Sulaimani Governorate, Iraq. In addition, new empirical relationships with single and multiple dependent variables were developed with better estimation capability. The best relationship was observed between plasticity index as a function of liquid limit with correlation coefficient (R) and RMSE equal to 0.874 and 2.18 respectively. Whereas, there was no significant relationship between coefficient of compressibility (compression index, Cc) and consistency properties was noticed.


Optimal pump scheduling has been applying to decrease operating costs of water distribution systems (WDSs). However, the operations of pumping stations will result in an increase of Greenhouse gas emission (GHG). To reduce GHG, pumping stations should be operated with high efficiency. For this reason, optimal pump scheduling should take into account both energy cost savings and pumping station efficiency. The aim of this article is to suggest an efficient multi-objective optimization solution for minimizing pumping energy cost and maximizing pumping station efficiency. As a result, a trade-off solution compromising pumping energy cost and pumping system efficiency will be achieved. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) combined with a WDS simulator, EPANET will be applied to solve the pump scheduling problem in one benchmark WDS and the results from our solution will be compared to the ones in the literature in terms of pumping energy cost and efficiency.


Recently the consideration for Occupants` security has been raised as very important design element from the fire by building`s large sized, higher stored, and its complexed. In advanced countries, they are legislating Performance Based Design from building design stage. For this, they were prescribed the occupant load for several space use. Specially because of occupants density is a very important elements for making decision of avaliable safe evacuation time, the advanced foreign countries were enacted the occupant load by the analysed data of fire accident and actual condition survey. However in recent, Korea tried to enact the occupants load, they can not help applying the foreign relevant standardization because of the lack of data. So, the purpose this study is the establishment of the basic data for the guideline of the office occupant load by the actual condition survey of the K building and the standard analysis of the occupants load in the foreign guideline and the domestic architecture design manual.


Ever since the successful application of sequence to sequence learning for neural machine translation systems (Sutskever et al., 2014), interest has surged in its applicability towards language generation in other problem domains. In the area of natural language generation (NLG), there has been a great deal of interest in end-to-end (E2E) neural models that learn and generate natural language sentence realizations in one step. In this paper, we present TNT-NLG System 1, our first system submission to the E2E NLG Challenge, where we generate natural language (NL) realizations from meaning representations (MRs) in the restaurant domain by massively expanding the training dataset. We develop two models for this system, based on Dusek et al.'s (2016a) open source baseline model and context-aware neural language generator. Starting with the MR and NL pairs from the E2E generation challenge dataset, we explode the size of the training set using PERSONAGE (Mairesse and Walker, 2010), a statistical generator able to produce varied realizations from MRs, and use our expanded data as contextual input into our models. We present evaluation results using automated and human evaluation metrics, and describe directions for future work.


Over 50 genetic variants have been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), yet these variants represent only a fraction of the total estimated h ...


A color filter has at least two pixel groups having different colors from each other on a board, and pixels constituting the pixel group are isolated from each other by a deep color isolation wall. In a method for fabricating the color filter, the process of forming the deep color isolation wall includes the following steps (1) to (3). (1) The step of exposing a layer consisting of a deep color composition so as to make a pattern under a poor oxygen atmosphere (pattern exposure step). (2) The step of forming a deep color isolation wall pattern by developing after the pattern exposure (development step). (3) The step of irradiating and curing the deep color isolation wall pattern with light having an exposure of at least 2500 mJ/cm2 (post-exposure step). This fabrication method enables pixels with a little color mixing and the like to be formed with a high position accuracy and the color filter to be fabricated at a low cost and with a high efficiency. A color filter fabricated by this method and a display device having the color filter are also provided.


Abstract The anatomy of the aorta, the major branches from its arch and that of the superior and inferior vena cava and their major branches are described. Clinically important aspects of this anatomy are mentioned.


Abstract Pooled human milk samples were freeze-dried and stored for 6 weeks at a temperature of 5 °C and 25 °C. Freeze-drying decreased the water content of milk by 86.5%, and the obtained lyophilizate was readily soluble in water. The freeze-drying process did not affect superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, fatty acid (FA) profile or lactoferrin (LF) content, but it decreased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of human milk by 22.1% and induced a minor increase in lysozyme (LZ) activity, by approximately 9.8%. Storage of freeze-dried milk did not show significant influence on TAC, LF, FA and LZ levels, while after six weeks of storage SOD activity decreased by around 27% relative to the level noted immediately after lyophilization. These findings and the remaining state of knowledge imply, that freeze-drying can be a useful method of human milk storage. Highlights Lyophilization does not significantly affect the level of SOD and LF of human milk. In freeze-dried milk, bioactive substances: TAC level, LF, FA and LZ, remain stable even at room temperature. During storage of freeze-dried milk SOD activity decreases significantly.


The optimal relationship between retirement benefits and retirement age is derived. The model assumes ex ante identical workers, zero-one labor supply, no private savings, wages and payroll taxes constant over life, random onset of an inability to work, and the impossibility of distinguishing those unable to work from those choosing retirement. This formulation is meant to capture some issues for retirement programs where governments commonly do not measure disability, e.g., ages 65-70. With intertemporally additive preferences, optimal benefits rise with the age of retirement, but more slowly than would be actuarially fair. A nonadditive example is also considered.


The use of new media technologies has become one of the major factors in anti-government riots in North Africa and the Middle East. These technologies gave protesters an opportunity to exchange information and push their case to foreign audience. This new level of availability of information had important consequences for the Libyan conflict influencing both the militants and the NATO forces. In our study we conclude that in the future both the military and the intelligence services will be more and more interested in either the use of new media or in escaping their attention. That is why they will be including new and social media in their operation planning processes.


An ice-ball storage cooling system with a 30,000-gal (113.55-m 3 ) storage tank containing 125,000 dimpled plastic balls has been in successful operation to cool the main complex of the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC-CERL) in Champaign, Illinois, since October 1996. The unit cools the ERDC-CERL main complex from 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. (adjustable) during the summer, excluding weekends. The nominal design storage capacity of the system is 1700 ton-h (5,974 kWh). The system uses two chillers, which were installed in the spring of 1993. The ice storage cooling system was installed in October 1996. Depending on the ice inventory, one or two 170-ton (597.4-kW) R-22 screw chillers make ice every night. This study found that turning off the chillers reduces about 200KWofon-peakelectrical demand, which resulted in about 15% to 20% electric cost savings for the four summer months. In March 2003, the ice storage tank was opened to study the ice balls for the long-term impact during the past six years of operation. This paper documents the cost benefit, discusses lessons learned from the operation and maintenance of the system, and makes recommendations for future applications.


Analysis and use of resources work is madal analysis of the increasing flow of funds and reduce working capital. the sources of working capital consists of: reduction in fixed assets, increased long-term debt, increased capital and operating profit of the company. While reducing the flow of funds is the use of working capital working capital consists of: an increase of fixed assets, long-term debt reduction, reduction of capital, dividends and cash payments of losses in the company's operations. The main purpose of the analysis of sources and use of working capital is to find out where the source of working capital acquired and used for any working capital already acquired it. Thus the authors can find out how much working capital PKPRI Bekasi City, where, and used for any such working capital. Key Words : analysis, sources, use, fixed assets, long-term debt reduction, reduction of capital, dividends, cash payments of losses


For this study, various writing experts were invited to "challenge" e-rater – an automated essay scorer that relies on natural language processing techniques – by composing essays in response to Graduate Record Examinations (GRE®) Writing Assessment prompts with the intention of undermining its scoring capability. Specifically, using detailed information about e-rater's approach to essay scoring, writers tried to "trick" the computer-based system into assigning scores that were higher or lower than deserved. E-rater's automated scores on these "problem essays" were compared with scores given by two trained, human readers, and the difference between the scores constituted the standard for judging the extent to which e-rater was fooled. Challengers were differentially successful in writing problematic essays. Expert writers were more successful in tricking e-rater into assigning scores that were too high than in duping e-rater into awarding scores that were too low. The study provides information on ways in which e-rater, and perhaps other automated essay scoring systems, may fail to provide accurate evaluations, if used as the sole method of scoring in high-stakes assessments. The results suggest possible avenues for improving automated scoring methods.


Objective To discuss the clinical efficacy and the adverse reactions of fluvoxamine and sertraline in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD).Methods A total of 58 patients who met the CCMD-3 criteria for OCD were randomly assigned to two groups.One group was treated with fluvoxamine and the other with sertraline for 10 weeks.The efficacy was measured with Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale(Y-BOCS),Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA).The adverse reactions were assessed by Treatment Emergent Symptoms Scale(TESS).Results The improvement rate of fluvoxamine was 85.71%,and the improvement rate of sertraline was 82.14%.There were no significant differences between two groups.According to the reducing scores of Y-BOCS,HAMD and HAMA,there were significant differences in the two groups from the fourth weekend.The adverse reaction of fluvoxamine was similar to that of sertraline.Conclusion Fluvoxamine and sertraline are effective antidepressants with few adverse reactions and patients can have good drug tolerance.


This study aims to examine an overview of management accounting research in the last decade. In addition, it also describes the latest research trends, namely in the last five years, both in terms of the topics discussed, the use of theory, and the methods used. The researchers employ the bibliometric analysis method and use VOSviewer to describe management accounting research for the period 2013-2022. We retrieve data on articles from two leading journals in this field, namely Management Accounting Research (MAR) and Journal of Management Accounting Research (JMAR), using the Scopus database. The findings of this study indicate that there were six research clusters over the past decade, namely (1) governance and performance management, (2) management control, (3) performance evaluation, (4) risk-based performance management and CSR, (5) budgeting and ethics, and lastly (6) the risk and interfirm relationships. Research trends in the last five years show that the theories explicitly used in research in this field include agency, economic, social identity, social comparison, and contingency theory. The research methods used during the last five years have been dominated by archives, experiments, and surveys. Papers published by JMAR are dominated by those using archival methods, while the papers in MAR are dominated by those using experiments and field research. This research provides an overview, for students and scholars interested in management accounting research, of the subjects, ideas, and research methodologies that have been employed in the recent past and today.


Explicit analytical formulae for the matrix elements of a spatially periodic potential in a Morse basis are obtained. The finite component of the continuum–continuum transition is expressed by a hypergeometric function while the singular part is a Schwartz distribution. The deviation from the usual dipole approximation is investigated and shows a rich structure of maxima and minima in the region of intermediate energy.


Abstract This paper investigates stated preferences for car-sharing in the context of travel mode choice under conditions of uncertain travel times. In particular, the study focuses on heterogeneity in the decision-making process due to different activity-travel contexts such as time pressure, activity duration, and uncertain travel times. It is assumed that the contextual factors influence the decision rules that potential users adopt regarding the use of a shared car for a specific trip purpose. A context-dependent latent class model allowing for the random panel effect is estimated, in which the latent classes respectively represent utility maximization and regret minimization decision rules. The model employs the contextual factors as covariates of class membership probability. A stated choice experiment, in which car-sharing, own car and public transport serve as the choice alternatives, is used to estimate the model. Results indicate that the activity-travel contexts play an important role in accounting for heterogeneity in decision rules.


Cells selected for overexpression of the integrin a5131 show decreased proliferation and loss of the transformed phenotype. We provide evidence that de novo expression of the integrin ca5,31 in HT29 colon carcinoma cells results in the growth arrest of these cells as characterized by reduced DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation in vitro. In fact, expression of integrin a5f31 on these cells induces the transcription of growth arrest specific gene 1 (gas-i), a gene product known to induce cellular quiescence, but blocks transcription of the immediate early genes c-fos, c-jun, and jun B. In vivo, the a5/31 transfectants display dramatically reduced tumorigenicity as well as a highly differentiated phenotype when compared with their pSVneo-transfected counterparts. Surpris-ingly, ligation of a5f31 on these cells by cell attachment to a fibronectin substrate not only reverses the growth inhibition and gas-i gene induction but activates immediate early gene transcription. These findings demonstrate that integrin a5131 expression in the absence of attachment to fibronectin activates a signaling pathway leading to decreased cellular proliferation and that ligation of this receptor with fibronectin reverses this signal, thereby contributing to the proliferation of transformed cells.


Re B (Consent to Treatment: Capacity), where a paralysed patient lvas allowed to have her artificial ventilation withdrawn, further illustrates the preference of the law for patient autonomy, at the expense of the sanctity of life position. While not necessarily objectionable, one might question the extent to which autonomy alone should determine the outcome of all such cases.


In many fields of the industry, like biology, medicine, power generation, chemical engineering, etc., where dealing with complex systems, the design of the control structure is a key factor. Designing robust and fault-tolerant controllers for these sophisticated processes has always been a challenging task. This paper discusses the design of a fault tolerant multi-agent system using fractional order controllers for level control in a three-tank system, which is very close to the hydrodynamic evolution of the isotope separation columns cascade, the final goal of the research. The fractional order controllers are designed using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. The proposed architecture is implemented in JADE (Java Agent Development Environment) . The control structure is tested with good results on the laboratory equipment simulating different faults in the system.


During the last decades the fight between manufacturer brands and retailer brands has intensified. While there seems to be several immediate benefits for a retailer to increase the number of own private labels, the impact on future store image and loyalty should also be considered. Our aim is to investigate the relationship between consumers perceived retail brand architecture, their store satisfaction and loyalty. Furthermore we use perceived store image as a mediating factor in our framework. In total 772 Danish households participated in a telephone interview and returned questionnaires by mail. The major contribution of this research is to conceptualise and empirically investigate the role of brand architecture for perceived store image, store satisfaction and loyalty.


Introduction: Orthognathic surgery is a standardized procedure used to improve the patient's facial appearance and to correct maxillary and mandibular deformities resulting from malocclusion, disease, or trauma. Non-ossification between the maxillary bones after osteotomies is an important complication that may occur after performing this surgical procedure. Objective: It was to evaluate and quantify the three-dimensional space between the mandibular bone segments after advances in bilateral sagittal osteotomies of the mandible, involving the middle third of the face, with a consequent indication of bone grafting to achieve better surgical results, in terms of bone healing, stability, complications and prevention of aesthetic defects. Methods: The systematic review rules of the PRISMA Platform were followed. The search was carried out from February to April 2023 in the Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed accordingly, according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 104 articles were found, 28 articles were evaluated and 22 were included and developed in this systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 46 studies with a high risk of bias and 20 studies that did not meet GRADE. Bilateral sagittal osteotomy involving the middle third of the face is the most used technique in mandibular orthognathic surgery, allowing mandibular movements in the sagittal, vertical, and transverse directions, with good results and few complications. Also, in orthognathic surgeries, bone grafting can accelerate bone formation.


The Anatolian extrusion that occurred in between the North and East Anatolian faults accounts for most of the seismicity and present-day deformation in the eastern Mediterranean region. The North Anatolian Fault (NAF) is a right-lateral strike-slip fault extending over 1100 km from Eastern Turkey to the Aegean Sea. On this fault the cumulated strain rate, of about 28 mm/yr as measured by GPS, is roughly equal to the strain released seismically as measured by dated offset geomorphological features, through some aseismic creep does exist on at least one fault segment. Paleoseismic trenching suggests that most of the strain accumulated is released in bursts of seismicity along the fault separated by 300 to 600 years of relative quiescence. The last burst of seismicity was the well-known 20th century westward propagating sequence of earthquakes of magnitude greater than 7 which comprised of a cumulated surface rupture of more than 700 km. The last earthquakes of the sequence were the destructive 1999 M=7.4 Izmit and M=7.2 Ducze earthquakes. As a consequence, stresses have sharply increased west of this last rupture bringing fault segments in front of Istanbul closer to failure. East of the 1999 fault ruptures, seismic activity is very low because of the stress shadow generated by the ultimate earthquake sequence. Seismic activity is slightly higher on the eastern most segments that have not yet fully ruptured.


Grasshoppers, Chorthippus curtipennis Harris, were collected on grassy hillsides and in sphagnum bog near St. John's during the summer of 1969. Dissections of females showed that the usual number of ovarioles was four in each ovary, that oviposition was restricted effectively to the last week of August and the first 2 weeks of September, and that grasshoppers from the bog were more heavily parasitized by calliphorid larvae than those from the hillsides.