The invention discloses a crank block variable connecting rod mechanism without clutches or brakes, comprising an upper connecting rod which is connected with a crankshaft and a lower connecting rod which is connected with a sliding block; the upper connecting rod and the lower connecting rod are connected with each other by a shaft pin through an external side plate. The crank block variable connecting rod mechanism is characterized in that a connecting rod conversion mechanism is arranged between the upper connecting rod and the shaft pin; the connecting rod conversion mechanism is a cylinder structure which is provided with small cotter piston. The crank block variable connecting rod mechanism realizes a working state and a non-working state by switching a state that the connecting rod mechanism is broken into two rods and a state that the connecting rod mechanism is combined as a rod, and replaces the original sleeve clutch and brake, thus carrying out the normal processing operation of the press under a state without the clutch and the brake; furthermore, the noise, energy loss and heating caused by the clutch braking are eliminated. The crank block variable connecting rod mechanism without clutches or brakes prompts the non-clutch process of the medium and small sized mechanical press.


It has been shown theoretically that tidal fences consisting of multiple turbines placed side-by-side can makeuse of constructive interference (local blockage) effects to raise the energy extraction efficiency of the fenceabove that of the Betz limit applicable to unblocked flow problems. For the two-scale problem of a longarray of turbines partially spanning the width of a much wider channel (vanishing global blockage) theefficiency of energy extraction, normalised on the undisturbed kinetic energy flux, rises from the Betz limitof 0.593 to the partial fence limit of 0.798 [1]. Experiments on pairs of side-by-side turbines at largelaboratory scale [2] have confirmed the important aspects of the underlying partial fence theory and thatsome of the performance benefits offered by constructive interference effects can be achieved in practice.
Experimental validation in wind tunnels, towing tanks and other laboratory facilities are however prone toglobal blockage effects not seen in full-scale open flows due to the close proximity of flow boundaries to thebody. These global blockage effects modify the thrust and power performance of the turbines, such thatcorrections to experimental curves are necessary to either translate laboratory-scale experimental results tofull-scale conditions, or to calculate the expected loads and power on tidal turbines deployed in blocked-flowconditions [3][4]. The difficulty applying blockage corrections to turbine arrays is the non-linear interactionbetween local and global blockage. These two effects cannot be simply decoupled as for various turbine tip-to-tip spacings (affecting local blockage), changes in the global blockage have a different impact on turbineperformance.
A number of blockage corrections have been developed for single turbines operating in blocked flowconditions. These corrections typically seek to describe an equivalent free-stream velocity which, in theabsence of global blockage, would result in the same thrust and velocity through the turbine as in the blockedcase. Thrust and power curves are then scaled non-linearly with the ratio of the experimental tank velocityand the equivalent free-stream velocity [5]. These single turbine blockage corrections can however onlyaccount for global blockage, and simplifications must currently be made based on the assumption that globaland local blockage effects can be linearly decoupled [2].
This work therefore presents an analytical blockage correction for co-planar arrays of tidal turbines based ontwo-scale momentum theory [1]. This correction is then compared to other models, particularly for turbinearray experimental test data. Finally, RANS computations for a turbine array at various global blockageratios is compared to the analytical model, demonstrating its validity. A particularly useful aspect of thetheoretical model is to allow for experimental quantification of the local-blockage effect for finite lengthfences. For instance, doubling the fence length doubles the global blockage, but increases in fence thrust andpower cannot be attributed only to the change in global blockage due to non-linear coupling. This correctionallows for a decoupling of these two effects, such that the local blockage effect can be isolated andquantified.


Microwave spectra of the ground and first three excited torsional states of C6H511BF2 and for the ground and first two excited torsional states of C6H510BF2 have been assigned. The variation of the inertial defect with torsional quantum number shows the molecule to be planar. The torsional frequency has been determined as ν= 49 cm–1 and the barrier to internal rotation as Y2= 1114 cm–1(13.3 kJ mol–1). With the assumption of a regular benzene ring (rC—C= 1.397 A and rC—H= 1.084 A) the geometry of the rest of the molecule is calculated to be rC—B= 1.551 A, rB—F= 1.330 A and FBF = 116.0°.


ABST
RACT
This study aims at determining. 1) Implementation of Quality Management
at MTs Muhammadiyah 5 Jumantono Karanganyar. 2) Factors causing the low
quality of education at MTs Muhammadiyah 5 Jumantono Karanganyar.
The method used in this research was d
escriptive qualitative research.
The
place of research was at MTs Muhammadiyah 5 Jumantono Karanganyar
Subjects of the study were principals and teachers. Research informants were the
school committee, parents and student. Data collection techniques used
o
bservation, interviews, and documentation. The technique of
data
validity use
d
the triangulation method and source. The data analysis technique consisted of
interactive analysis; data collection, data reduction, data presentation and
verification.
The
res
ults of the study are: 1) MT
s Muhammadiyah 5 Jumantono
Karanganyar has already implemented the quality management. Further
improvement of the quality conducted by the principals is to enhance the qualit
y
of education in madrasah. It is done by implementing
continuous evaluation
to
meet the expectations of society. High public confidence and support from various
parties make major capital to improve the quality of madrasah. Besides, the spirit
of the students to learn
in order to get
something more
valuable
in the future
.
It
will
be realized
by improving the management of education quality.
2) Although it
has already implemented quality managemen
t,
the quality of educati
on is still low.
This is because
; quality of human resources is still low, the subject in
the
madrasah are more common than in schools, students who enter to madrasah
have low average value, incomplete infrastructure, and lack of library books.
Keyword; management, quality education.


In contrast to widespread belief the current Rayleigh-Schrodinger perturbation theory may provide an easy description of double well oscillators and/or of the strongly anharmonic forces with an arbitrary power-law asymptotical growth. One has only to work in a suitable Sturmian basis. The feasibility and numerical efficiency of the construction is illustrated on a few one-dimensional one-body examples.


Reliable solder joints can be made on gold metallised microcircuits using lead-indium solders providing certain important conditions are understood and carefully controlled. This paper reviews the three fundamental concepts of scavenging, wetting, and ageing, which are relevant when soldering to gold films.


Objective To study the clinical significance of detection of Ph 1 chromosome and bcr/abl fusion gene in the diagnosis for chronic granulocytic leukemia. Methods Ninety-five patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia and twenty patients with iron-deficiency anemia were selected. Bone marrow short-term culture was used to prepare the chromosome, bcr/abl fusion gene was analyzed by RT-PCR method. Results In 95 patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia,83(87.4%) cases were Ph 1 Chromosome positive,90(94.7%)cases were bcr/abl positive,7(7.4%)cases were Ph 1 negative and bcr/abl positive, 5(5.3%) cases were Ph 1 and bcr/abl negative. All 20 patients with iron-deficiency anemia were Ph 1 and bcr/abl negative. Conclusion The results indicated that the detection of Ph 1 chromosome combined with bcr/abl fusion gene could improve the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of chronic granulocytic leukemia.


Abstract. We propose a method to generate figure-ground segmentation by incorporating shape priors into the graph-cuts algorithm. Given an image, we first obtain a linear representation of an image and then apply directional chamfer matching to generate class-independent, nonparametric shape priors, which provide shape clues for the graph-cuts algorithm. We then enforce shape priors in a graph-cuts energy function to produce object segmentation. In contrast to previous segmentation methods, the proposed method shares shape knowledge for different semantic classes and does not require class-specific model training. Therefore, the approach obtains high-quality segmentation for objects. We experimentally validate that the proposed method outperforms previous approaches using the challenging PASCAL VOC 2010/2012 and Berkeley (BSD300) segmentation datasets.


Ge and Si nanocrystals (NCs), quantum dots (QDs), and amorphous nanoparticles (NPs) have a significant role in the developement of micro- and nanoelectronic devices due to capability to tune their electrical and photoconductive properties by tailoring the morphology and structure parameters. Ge and Si NCs/QDs/NPs are zero-dimensional (0D) systems and the SiO2 films containing them are percolative systems. In this review, the role of deposition and annealing conditions in the morphology and structure of Ge and Si NCs/QDs/NPs embedded in amorphous SiO2 matrix is discussed for a wide variety of films and multilayered structures. The electrical and photoconductive properties of nanostructures deposited by different techniques as magnetron sputtering, ion implantation, chemical vapour deposition, sol-gel and molecular beam epitaxy, and subsequently annealed in conventional furnace or by rapid thermal annealing under different conditions are analised. We demonstrate how the electrical and photoconductive properties of nanostructures can be tuned by varying the deposition and annealing parameters. The role of Si-rich oxide and defects in the formation of Ge and Si NCs is shown and the role of defects in improving electrical properties and enhancing the photoconductivity of films and multilayered structures is highlighted. We evidence the contribution of quantum confinement effect and show that the most probable transport mechanisms in these percolative systems are tunnelling and hopping.


H-mode power thresholds (Pth) are examined in Alcator C-Mod lower single null plasmas with standard vertical-plate and slot-type divertor configuration (BT = 5.4 T, Ip = 0.9 MA, q95 ∼ 4.0 and 〈ne〉 = (1.3–1.6) × 1020 m−3). The required power to access H-mode is found to be significantly reduced when the plasma is operated with a slot divertor. The lowest Pth achieved is ∼0.7 MW, about 1/3 of the normal level and 40% of the multi-machine scaling law prediction. Pth does not explicitly correlate with plasma shaping parameters (X-point locations, elongation, triangularities, etc), but somehow shows an overall inverse correlation with outer divertor leg length (the poloidal distance between X-point and outer strike point) and/or the outer divertor connection length. This implies that another, still unknown parameter hidden in the vicinity of the separatrix outer leg might be responsible for the observed difference in H-mode access power. Despite the large differences in Pth, the edge electron temperature (Te) and density (ne) profiles prior to L–H transition are not strongly affected by the divertor configuration. Values of Te,95 (i.e. Te at 95% normalized poloidal flux surface) at the L–H transition are similar for the two divertor configurations.


1. Narrative viewpoint: the theoretical debate 2. D. H. Lawrence and the novel 3. Naming characters 4. Connecting characters' viewpoints 5. Binding viewpoints through repetition 6. Situating dialogicity in the novel 7. Conclusion Bibliography Index.


Seed dispersal, a key process in terrestrial landscapes, is increasingly important in the face of habitat fragmentation and global climate change. Seed dispersal is also notoriously difficult to characterize, especially in species rich and spatially complex tropical forests. We contrasted assemblages of biotically dispersed seeds collected from four sites using two methods: deposition into seed traps and interception by the capture of frugivorous birds. We also compared seed deposition and interception with local fruit production. Species accumulation curves for seeds deposited in seed traps began to level off sooner than curves for seeds collected from birds captured in mist nets, and extrapolation showed significantly greater estimated species richness for seeds collected from birds than for those deposited in traps. Assemblages from birds and from traps at each site were quite different, with an abundance‐based similarity index of 0.64; this dissimilarity increases if bat‐dispersed seeds are included in the analysis. Common bird‐dispersed species were retrieved from both mist‐netted birds and from seed traps, but numerous locally fruiting understory species were recovered only from birds. We conclude that the sampling of seeds carried by birds provides a valuable complement to other methods of studying seed dispersal in species‐rich tropical forests by revealing relationships between specific dispersers and their seed plants and by creating a more complete account of species diversity of seeds being transported at a given site.

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A high-producing cold-adapted cellulase antarctic bacterium named NJ64 was isolated from 82 antractic bacteria and identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis.Its cellulase-producing conditions and enzymatic properties were studied primarily.The strain NJ64 was determined as genus Pseudoalteromonas sp..The optimum cellulase-producing conditions were obtained as follows:cultural time was 72 h,initial pH value was 7.5,cultural temperature was 10 ℃.The enzymatic activity of cold-adapted cellulase was the highest with pH value of about 9.0,temperature of 40 ℃.


standard accounts neglect the potency of the peasantry as a collective actor that can resist the expansion of markets. On the other hand, the chapters which attempted to make broad generalizations about global capitalism were less convincing. Chapter One, for instance, is intent on establishing that the world is growing increasingly unequal no matter how we define and measure equality and well-being. ''The statistics on the relation between neoliberalism and increase [sic] social inequality are incontrovertible'' (p. 28), it states. But this misrepresents the interdisciplinary literature on inequality, which is far from settled on the question. Indeed, when the authors of this book present data in support of their position, they repeatedly qualify them in ways that undermine their argument. So for instance, in China ''over 600 million people have been lifted out of poverty since the 1980s'' (p. 29). But this can be explained away as ''an artifact of [China's] booming economy. . . an extraordinary and historically unprecedented development'' (p. 23). It is only by taking China (and India too) out of the equation that we see ''a rise in worldwide income inequality as of 1980'' (p. 23). But China and India represent a third of the world's population! If these countries, by partially embracing market reforms, have managed to lift hundreds of millions out of poverty, does this not have implications for how we understand and evaluate capitalism? Even if we accept the authors' argument that market society exploits the vast majority of people, we must question why and how people consent to it. When do crises in existing systems of production and exchange transform into a legitimacy crisis for the system as a whole? Here it strikes me that those who work within the Marxist tradition will find themselves sympathetic to the thrust of the argument. The recent economic crisis could certainly be interpreted as a ''crisis of plethora'' in which ever-rising productivity has not been accompanied by growth in real wages, at least for workers in the global north. As the latter turned to debt and dualearner household structures to maintain their standard of living, denizens of the global south were transformed into wage-laborers, throughout Latin America but also in east and southeast Asia. But does all this mean that the end (of capitalism) really is nigh? Here, I sense that Marxist scholars will be unsatisfied with this book's lack of engagement with key thinkers within the larger tradition of critical theory. The book does not cite or discuss the work of the Frankfurt School, Antonio Gramsci, Jurgen Habermas, Immanuel Wallerstein, or Pierre Bourdieu. It does not even provide references to the original writings of Marx so that scholars can place the current empirical analysis in theoretical context. Having a strong theoretical foundation would have made the empirical case studies more compelling.


In order to deal with the threat of space debris to space experiment platforms and equipment, three-mirror anastigmatic system, which has the characteristics of light weight, small size and good optical performance, are used for space debris detection and detailed imaging. With the development of freeform surfaces, this article shows a new type of structure which has good optical performance and simple complexity of assembly and adjustment. The first step is to analyze the calculation method of the initial structure parameters of TMA system, and then the secondary mirror adopts the XY polynomial freeform surface. The primary mirror is reused as tertiary mirror, and the design of a new type TMA system is finally completed. Its effective focal length is 400 mm, the field of view (FOV) is 2°×4°, F/# is 5. At the Nyquist frequency 108lp/mm, the MTF value of this system is greater than 0.588. The maximum distortion is less than 0.80%. The results show that the imaging quality of the system meets the design requirements in the effective field of view.


Early intervention and intensive therapy improve the outcome of neuromuscular rehabilitation. There are indications that where a patient is motivated and premeditates their movement, the recovery is more effective. Therefore, a strategy for patient-cooperative control of rehabilitation devices for upper extremities is proposed and evaluated. The strategy is based on the minimal intervention principle allowing an efficient exploitation of task space redundancies and resulting in user-driven movement trajectories. The patient's effort is taken into consideration by enabling the machine to comply with forces exerted by the user. The interaction is enhanced through a multimodal display and a virtually generated environment that includes haptic, visual and sound modalities.


IT IS well known that ablation of the adrenal gland (Long-Lukens animal) or of the pituitary (Houssay animal) will ameliorate pancreatic diabetes. The problem arises whether atrophy of part of the adrenal cortex produced by chemical agents might also produce this effect. The oral administration of DDD (2,2-bis (parachlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane) was found by Nelson and Woodard (1949) to cause atrophy and disappearance of the inner zones of the adrenal cortex in the dog, and it has since been shown (Nichols and Gardner, 1951) that such animals show a degree of insulin sensitivity. These findings have been confirmed in the case of the rat by Brown (1952). If such atrophy of the adrenal should prevent or modify pancreatic diabetes without producing any sensitivity to potassium, the site of production of the hormone (s) responsible for maintenance of the diabetes could be presumptively localized to the inner zones of the cortex, and those responsible for electrolyte balance could be localized to the outer ...


The human placenta has enormous potential for studying metabolic processes without recourse to animal experimentation. Its greatest advanatage lies in eliminating the necessity for extrapolating results from animal experiments and trying to interpret them in terms of the human situation. The experience of the thalidomide tragedy has underlined this fact beyond all doubt, as this most useful drug for pregnant mothers was without any evidence of teratogenic effects on the rabbit fetus, but proved to be disastrous to the human fetus. Until comparatively recently, the placenta was regarded as a membrane which acted as a barrier between mother and fetus, with a degree of selectivity for the good of both. We now know that the placenta fulfils the functions oflungs, kidneys and liver for the fetus. In addition, it has a vast array of biochemical processes which enable it to provide substances for both its own growth and that of the fetus. Its endocrine capacity for the biosynthesis of a multitude of steroid and peptide hormones is greater than that of any other organ. For instance, it makes approximately 0.25g of progesterone per day in the third trimester (1,2), and then proceeds to render this potent steroid hormone into its innocuous metabolite, pregnanediol. We still do not know why such a large amount of this compound is made on a daily basis, but its various actions on metabolic processes, and the placenta's ability to use it as a starting point for the synthesis of other steroids, may be the reason for its prodigious production. It is now also known that the placenta is a reservoir for many enzymes, and only recently has it begun to be tapped for enzymes required for a variety of processes, including studies on enzyme replacement where genetic deficiencies exist. The advantages of enzymes derived from human sources are obvious, particularly the absence of immunological consequences.


The Miao ethnic people gave birth to the unique cultural art. Their aesthetic taste is also different from others. Under the situation of globalization, people try to discuss the cultural characteristics of Miao ethnic design art in order to establish cultural self-confidence. Furthermore, it is necessary to explore Miao's design thinking and methods. Therefore we can draw lessons from Miao's design art. It is important to understand the symbols of Miao decorative arts scientifically and analyze the design ideas of Miao so as to tap the essence of their thought. Some new ideas will be produced to the modern design. And the diversification development of modern design will be promoted through the integration of multi-cultures. By using the digital means of modern design, the national culture can be inherited and carried forward. As a result, modern design will be promoted. Keywords—Miao People; cultural art; symbol; enlightenment


Figure 1. B-mode echocardiography, long-axis view, showing a large ventricular mass below the posterior mitral valve leaflet (encircled.) LV = left ventricle; LA = left atrium; AVP = aortic valve prosthesis. sis. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a mass below a calcified posterior mitral valve annulus (Figs. 1 and 2). At the time of surgery, an area of caseous necrotic material was removed from the ventricular subendocardium. The continuity between the ventricular wall and the mitral annulus was reconstructed with a pericardial patch and the mitral valve replaced with a Carpentier-Edwards bioprosthesis. The patient had an uncomplicated postoperative course. The pathology was consistent with caseous calcific degeneration.


Aluminium is the preferred material for both engine cooling and air conditioning in cars. This is due to its unique combination of strength, corrosion resistance and recyclability. Of course, it plays an important part in vehicle lightweighting too. As a result, there have been numerous developments in the aluminium brazing process, the flux chemistry and in system design to make its use more cost effective


This article proposes a new methodology based on action - research for implementation of a business, system and technology model to assist and facilitate the collaborative use of resources and expertise, as well as to adjust one task force based on knowledge sharing and management. A case study is presented to illustrate the results of implementing the digital knowledge ecosystem framework in a research and development network of aerial application of pesticides for pest control, using the action - research approach. Results include the properties of self-management, open innovation, self-organisation of the institutionally linked groups and the adaptation of a new tool for collaboration, which can improve competitiveness. Its relevance may be measured by its benefits of capturing the sharing dynamics, processing and propagating information within the networks, allowing cooperation between organizations, measuring collective intelligence action and learning, as well as promoting survival such as minimum interaction rules, individual autonomy and organisational structure demand flexibility. Such arrangement proved to allow non-linear methods replacing attempts at objectivity, linear thought and control, and the design of risks in social computing system. The conclusions showed the opportunity to apply such model to other sectors related to agriculture and innovation and observe the challenge regarding to managerial indicators for future command and control of existing R&D network knowledge management operations for future research.


Summary. A new method to determine the amount and moment distribution of fine magnetic grains in sediments is proposed. The method is applied to a dilute suspension made of the sediment. To apply this method, the magnetic grains must be in a non-interacting state. This condition can be confirmed by the magnetic relaxation pattern in a magnetic field-free space. The dilute suspension in a non-interacting state shows monotonic decrease of the magnetization with an exponential form, independent of whether the concentration changes. On the contrary, the concentrated suspension in an interacting state shows either little decrease of magnetization or else a 'polarity' change after a quick decrease of magnetization. These two states are separated by the 'critical concentration', which is attributed to the characteristics of the source sediment. The fine magnetic grain assemblage of a non-interacting dilute suspension in a magnetic field attains an equilibrium magnetization state under the combined effects of the magnetic torque and thermal agitation (Brownian motion). This magnetization is called the 'equilibrium magnetization', and is proportional to the concentration of the suspension in a steady field. The measurement of the equilibrium magnetization in a weak magnetic field (less than 1.1 X lO-'T) has been performed by the use of a cryogenic magnetometer equipped with a flux-compensated coil. The measured values of equilibrium magnetization may be explained by classical dilute paramagnetic gas theory. A least-squares fitting with this theory demonstrates the grain moment distribution to be log-normal and provides an estimate of the amount of magnetic grains present. The amount and the moment distribution are given by the complete alignment magnetization (CAM) and by the geometric mean moment (mG) with log-standard deviation Two types of deep-sea sediments have been examined by this method. The magnetic characteristics obtained are CAM=4.5x 10-3A m2 kg-', rnG=3.7X10-'6Am2, a=3.8 for a reddish-brown clay and CAM= 1.3x10-3Am2kg-', mG=1.6X10-'6Am2, a=4.3 for a calcareous ooze. When compared with SIRM values for consolidated sediment samples, these results suggest that most magnetic grains of both the sediments are in single-domain (SD) and pseudo-single-domain (PSD) states. (log 4.


A voltage scalable 0.26 V, 64 kb 8 T SRAM with 512 cells per bitline is implemented in a 130 nm CMOS process. Reverse short channel effect was utilized to improve cell write margin and read performance. A marginal bitline leakage compensation scheme was used during read operation to lower Vmin down to 0.26 V. Floating write bitline and read bitline, auto wordline pulse width control, and a deep sleep mode minimize the active and standby leakage power consumption.


Wing flexure deformation is a key and difficult point in the transfer alignment process of air-launched missiles. Affected by airflow impulse and complicated maneuver, wing will have unforeseen flexure deformation. This could bring initial errors in inertial navigation system, because missiles deviate from their nominal positions. The performance of the weapon system will be greatly reduced. This paper aims to estimate wing flexure deformation by using an inertial sensors network. Firstly, wing flexure model of a single node is established based on relative position and relative attitude. Using the outputs of inertial sensors, flexure deformation could be estimated in a Kalman filter. Secondly, the estimation results of all nodes are processed in a data fusion algorithm to gain the whole wing flexure deformation. In the simulation, two typical kinds of flexure deformation are used to evaluate this innovative method. With the high precision accelerometers and gyros, the estimated errors in either kind of flexure deformation can be decreased to a millimeter level. Besides, data fusion algorithm can restrain the errors from nodes using low precision sensors. The final shape of wing flexure deformation is more in line with its actual situation.


Fully conjugated π-expanded macrocyclic oligothiophenes with 60π-, 90π-, 120π-, 150π-, and 180π-electron systems (1–5) were synthesized using modified McMurry coupling reaction as a key step. Compound 1 was converted into macrocyclic oligo(2,5-thienylene-ethynylene) 6 using bromination-dehydrobromination procedure. X-ray analysis of 1 revealed a unique molecular and packing structure, reflecting a round, planar shape with nanoscale inner cavity. Interestingly, 2 and 3 self-aggregate in the solid state to form nanowires. The structure of fibrous aggregates was established by scanning electron microscopic and atomic force microscopic analyses. Compounds 1–6 exhibit multi-step reversible redox behavior with fairly low first oxidation potentials, reflecting their cyclic conjugation. Doping of 1–3 with iodine gives semiconductors owing to their π-donor properties and π–π stacking ability. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 18:460–466, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20337


Combined with the construction of cement stabilized macadam base of Penghu Expressway in Jiangxi, the dense skeleton structure is applied in construction in terms of the mix proportion of vibratory shaping method.Raw materials and crucial construction processes are well controlled and,as a result,cracks on the base layer are reduced,and the pavement performance is improved.


In this study we show that molecular oxygen reacts with bridging OH (OHbr) groups formed as a result of water dissociation at oxygen vacancy defects on the surface of rutile TiO2(110). The electronic structure of an oxygen vacancy defect on TiO2(110) is essentially the same as that of electron trap states detected on photoexcited or sensitized TiO2 photocatalysts, being Ti3+ in nature. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements, in agreement with valence band photoemission results in the literature, indicate that water dissociation at oxygen vacancy sites has little or no impact on the electronic structure of these sites. Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) measurements show that O2 adsorbed at 120 K reacts with near unity reaction probability with OHbr groups on TiO2(110) to form an unidentified intermediate that decomposes to generate terminal OH groups at nondefect sites. Commensurate with this process, the electronic defect associated with the original oxygen vacancy defect (Ti3+) is ox...


In 2015 Fiona Hall presented 'Wrong Way Time' at the 56th Venice Biennale. One of Australia's foremost contemporary artists, for the past four decades Hall has explored the relationships between culture and nature in her work. Transforming everyday objects into detailed works of art, the Adelaide-based artist masterfully repurposes the quotidian to create works charged with meaning that engage with a range of contemporary issues such as colonisation, consumerism and conservation. Hall's observations and reflections often contain warnings and alert us to immanent and impending danger, making her much like a canary in the coalmine for our times.


xThe ideas of information theory are at present stimulating many different areas of psychological inquiry. In providing techniques for quantifying situations which have hitherto been difficult or impossible to quantify, they suggest new and more precise ways of conceptualizing these situations (see Miller [12] for a general discussion and bibliography). Events ordered in time are particularly amenable to informational analysis; thus language sequences are being extensively studied, and other sequences, such as those of music, plainly invite research. In this paper I shall indicate some of the ways in which the concepts and techniques of information theory may clarify our understanding of visual perception. When we begin to consider perception as an information-handling process, it quickly becomes clear that much of the information received by any higher organism is redundant. Sensory events are highly interdependent in both space and time: if we know at a given moment the states of a limited number of receptors (i.e., whether they are firing or not firing), we can make better-than-chance inferences with respect to the prior and subsequent states of these receptors, and also with respect to the present, prior, and subsequent states of other receptors. The preceding statement, taken in its broadest im1 The experimental work for this study was performed as part of the United States Air Force Human Resources Research and Development Program. The opinions and conclusions contained in this report are those of the author. They are not to be construed as reflecting the views or indorsement of the Department of the Air Force. plications, is precisely equivalent to an assertion that the world as we know it is lawful. In the present discussion, however, we shall restrict our attention to special types of lawfulness which may exist in space at a fixed time, and which seem particularly relevant to processes of visual perception.


ABSTRACT The improvement of total factor productivity (TFP) can improve the production efficiency of enterprises and ultimately promote high-quality economic development. This paper takes Chinese A-share listed companies from 2007 to 2020 to examine the impact of institutional investor network embedding on Firms' TFP. The study finds that institutional investor network embedding can promote the growth of Firms' TFP. Institutional investor network embedding improves Firms' TFP by improving information transparency and firms' innovation level, alleviating agency problems, and playing an active role in supervision and governance. The positive impact of institutional investor network embedding on TFP is more significant among firms with low audit quality and corporate governance level. This conclusion holds true using alternative variables, changing the construction standard of institutional investor network, and using propensity score matching and the Heckman two-stage methods. This paper enriches the research on the influencing factors of Firms' TFP and the economic consequences of institutional investor networks.


Two kinds of monomers, 1,3-bis[4-(4′-amino-Phenoxy)cumyl]benzene (BACB) and pyromellitic dianhydride were used to synthesize the Liquid Crystalline Polyamic acid—a precursor (LCPAA) of Liquid Crystalline Polyimide (LCPi). The nanohybrid films were successfully prepared by the sol–gel reaction. Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) (99%)–ethanol (99.8%) solution was added to LCPAA solution. The hybrid films were made by the hydrolysis–polycondensation of TEOS–ethanol in the LCPAA solution. When water and the solvent were removed completely, the hybrid films were obtained. The functional group and chemical structure were characterized by FTIR. We employed a number of instruments to understand whether the nano-SiO2 particle was introduced into the polymer matrix and enhanced the thermal properties and mechanical strength. The liquid crystalline phase of the LCPi and LCPi/SiO2 hybrid films was observed by POM. TGA and DSC were used to test the thermal properties. The crystallization and liquid crystal phase analyses were carried out by XRD. The elemental analysis was employed to measure the 1,3-bis[4-(4′-nitrophenoxy)cumyl)]benzene and BACB monomers. Besides, the cross section at morphology of the materials was observed with an FESEM. The electrical properties of hybrid films were measured by the high resistance analysis and dielectric constant analysis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1688–1704, 2006


Currently, there is a strong need to find practical solutions towards meeting the expected efficiency and overcoming recurring sustainability challenges in the global dairy sector [...]


A novel monitoring system, designed to detect open-circuit (OC) faults that occur in the matrix converter (MC) topology, is proposed in this work. In this monitoring system, a new diagnosis method is implemented which is based on the discrete wavelet transform analysis of the measured output current waveform. In order to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed method and its resistivity to erroneous fault detections, a fuzzy expert system is used in the designed monitoring system. The main advantages of the proposed method are that the implementation cost is minimized because no extra sensors are used and that no information from the control algorithm about the modulation parameters or the applied pulse sequence is required, reducing its implementation complexity and facilitating a more modular design. Additionally, it can be easily adapted to modified matrix topologies. A simple and robust method for the localization of the open-circuited transistor(s) within the identified faulty leg is also proposed. The proposed techniques are validated by simulation and experimental tests. The remedial operation of MC drives after the occurrence of an OC fault by using a redundant leg is also studied. The use of carrier-based modulation methods for this operation is experimentally validated, and related issues are discussed.


Who studies media literacy and why? What has the nation's first graduate program in media literacy learned about what motivates students to come from across the country and around the world to pursue the study of media literacy? How do students in this learning community support each other? How did the graduate program emerge from a college of education's commitment to a social constructivist model of learning, and how is media literacy reinforced and integrated in other degree tracks throughout the college? The coordinator of the program offers some insights, including anecdotal comments from the students themselves.


The research on"crowdsourcing"definitions and models is relative and interactive. It is a starter of other research in the domain. The research makes it easier for academicians to foresee the developing trend of crowdsourcing practice and also offers theoretical support for other aspects of crowdsourcing research. This paper introduces different"crowdsourcing"definitions and models which cover information technology,and business and knowledge domain. Based on the definition research,the research on crowdsourcing model is concluded from crowdsourcing practice and meets the academic research aims. Crowdsourcing information model,business model as well as knowledge models are key models of crowdsourcing. They are closely related and interactive to each other,and show a diversified development trend.


Professional career planning guidance to a large degree can determine college students' academic and future career choices and have a significant influence on achieving their goals in life. Meanwhile, it can also help to increase graduates employment rate and college acceptance rates. By present four aspects' details such as careers service website, guidance services, consultations with advisors and its comprehensive database at Edinburgh University and its career service for college students. It is hoped that some of the ideas from Edinburgh University could be used by universities in China to improve their own careers services.


In order to solve multi-body elastic contact problem, condensation boundary element method is used in this paper. Taking three bodies elastic contact without friction for example, the theory of elastic contact boundary element method is given, the boundary integral equations and the discrete boundary integral equations are established and the process of condensation solution is illustrated. An example is given to show the effectiveness and high accuracy of boundary element method.


Recent writings on ethics in tourism do little to represent local hosts' perceptions of the ethical nature of tourism and instead focus primarily on the role of industry and tour operators. In this paper, we bring local perceptions to the fore in comparing the ideal and the real in ecotourism. Using ethnographic observations and interviews, we describe how local residents near an ecotourism lodge along the Pacific Coast of Nicaragua first perceive and assess the ideals and sustainability of ecotourism in locally-grounded, realistic ways, often taking into account the broader social, economic, and environmental context of Nicaragua. Though people tend to be highly critical of the operation, they also acknowledge many relative merits of the ecotourism project's work. We then focus on narratives related to the ethical performance of this project. Here, people were less generous in their remarks and found little about the ecotourism project to support. This analysis demonstrates how failing to capture critica...