In order to study the similarities and differences of the visual search features on different types of icons in the human-computer interface, using digital icons, English icons, Chinese icons, abstract icons, graphical icons and image icons as experimental materials. Combined with eye tracking devices, a visual search experiment was designed adopting E-Prime programming, and a comparative study was conducted from 3 aspects of reaction time, correct rate, and eye movement characteristics. The results of single factor analysis of variance indicated that: (1) The difference among 6 different types of icons in reaction time of visual search was statistically significant, and the reaction time was ranked as digital icons > English icons > Chinese icons > abstract icons > graphical icons > image icons. (2) In addition to the abstract icons, the other 5 types of icons in the visual search showed no obvious error. (3) As for the eye movement characteristics of 6 different types of icons, there were significant differences in fixation duration, fixation times, saccade amplitude and saccade speed, however, pupil diameter and blink frequency were not significantly different. The research results have reference value for the icon design and usability evaluation in human-computer interface.


Associations between hippocampal morphometry and neuropathologic markers of Alzheimer's disease using 7T MRI. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Acknowledgements: The analyses used in this manuscript were generously funded by NIA P50 AG16570, NIA R01 AG040770, NIA K02 AG048240 and the Easton Consortium for Alzheimer Drug Discovery and Biomarker Development. Abstract Hippocampal atrophy, amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles are established pathologic markers of Alzheimer's disease. We analyzed the temporal lobes of 9 Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and 7 cognitively normal (NC) subjects. Brains were scanned post-mortem at 7 Tesla. We extracted hippocampal volumes and radial distances using automated segmentation techniques. Hippocampal slices were stained for amyloid beta (Aβ), tau, and cresyl violet to evaluate neuronal counts. The hippocampal subfields, CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4, and subiculum were manually traced so that the neuronal counts, Aβ, and tau burden could be obtained for each region. We used linear regression to detect associations between hippocampal atrophy in 3D, clinical diagnosis and total as well as subfield pathology burden measures. As expected, we found significant correlations between hippocampal radial distance and mean neuronal count, as well as diagnosis. There were subfield specific associations between hippocampal radial distance and tau in CA2, and cresyl violet neuronal counts in CA1 and subiculum. These results further establish validation for the European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Center Harmonized Hippocampal Segmentation Protocol (HarP).


Nowadays game studies are in the foreground of cultural and communication debates. Even if video games are strongly studied in semiotics, play is a wide field of study with many areas still unexplored. The area that this paper aims to explore concerns board games and it focuses on the relationship between game and narration and the role of a game's intertextual dimension from a semiotic point of view. Semiotic tools that have been used include the Greimasian narrative sequence (a structuralist point of view that fits very well with the rigid, explicit grammaticalization of board games) and Génette's narratology, unavoidable for every reflection on intertextuality. Last, but not least, cultural semiotics, based on Jurij Lotman's works, offers a valuable asset for understanding the enveloping and organic structure that surrounds games. The research proceeds to focus on some case studies of three ancient board games chess, backgammon, and mancalas underlining their common traits and differences. The paper shows that the structure of board games is very similar to the structure of the Greimasian narrative sequence, but they rather form a hybrid narration in which the player has a primary importance. Moreover, we see that games constantly retrieve sense from different kinds of other texts depending on the culture and society in which the game is played. The aim of this research is not to propound a complete theory, but rather to indicate a possible path to follow, between many, that could be a valuable resource in the exploration and the understanding of play.


Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are becoming increasingly important for military surveillance and mine detection. Most AUVs are battery powered and have limited lifetimes of a few days to a few weeks. This greatly limits the distance that AUVs can travel underwater. Using a series of submerged AUV charging stations, AUVs could travel a limited distance to the next charging station, recharge its batteries, and continue to the next charging station, thus traveling great distances in a relatively short time, similar to the Old West Pony Express.

One solution is to use temperature differences at various depths in the ocean to produce electricity, which is then stored in a submerged battery. It is preferred to have the upper buoy submerged a reasonable distance below the surface, so as not to be seen from above and not to be inadvertently destroyed by storms or ocean going vessels. In a previous invention, a phase change material (PCM) is melted (expanded) at warm temperatures, for example, 15 C, and frozen (contracted) at cooler temperatures, for example, 8 C.

Tubes containing the PCM, which could be paraffin such as pentadecane, would be inserted into a container filled with hydraulic oil. When the PCM is melted (expanded), it pushes the oil out into a container that is pressurized to about 3,000 psi (approx equals 20.7 MPa). When a valve is opened, the high-pressure oil passes through a hydraulic motor, which turns a generator and charges a battery. The low-pressure oil is finally reabsorbed into the PCM canister when the PCM tubes are frozen (contracted). Some of the electricity produced could be used to control an external bladder or a motor to the tether line, such that depth cycling is continued for a very long period of time.

Alternatively, after the electricity is generated by the hydraulic motor, the exiting low-pressure oil from the hydraulic motor could be vented directly to an external bladder on the AUV, such that filling of the bladder causes the AUV to rise, and emptying of the bladder allows the AUV to descend. This type of direct buoyancy control is much more energy efficient than using electrical pumps in that the inefficiencies of converting thermal energy to electrical energy to mechanical energy is avoided.

AUV charging stations have been developed that use electricity produced by waves on floating buoys and that use electricity from solar photovoltaics on floating buoys. This is the first device that has absolutely no floating or visible parts, and is thus impervious to storms, inadvertent ocean vessel collisions, or enemy sabotage.


Plaque levels for nursery school, Grade II and Standard IV pupils were recorded prior to the 1979 National Dental Health Week (N.D.H.W .) and at three different consecutive time intervals thereafter. Although there was a significant improvement in oral hygiene at 1, 3 and 6 months after N.D.H.W . 1979, generally, with time a steady decrease in the pupils' performance was noted. This trend was more prevalent amongst the male pupils in the different groups. However, no significant differ ences were found between the different educational level groups. OPSOMMING


The construction of electric vehicles (EVs) charging station needs to be planed according to the ownership of EVs, traffic condition, population etc. Therefore a BP neural network based method to forecast the EV ownership for a city is presented in the paper, which considers the influence on the EV ownership caused by many related economy factors, including GDP of a city, vehicle production, per capita crude steel production, per capita generation capacity, road passenger traffic, highway mileage and the total population.  A BP neural network is set up for the forecast of EV ownership, and the input layer contains seven neutrons, which represent different economic factors. There are three neurons in its hidden layer, and the output is the EV ownership.  Then the method to predict the EV ownership of a city is presented, which is based on the forecast of the civilian car ownership in a city and the country. The EV ownership in the city of Chongqing from the year 2013 to 2020 is predicted, and the accuracy of the model is verified firstly, then the EV ownership in Chongqing is obtained, which is helpful to make plans for the development of electric vehicle. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i4.2544


PREPARATION OF 1,2-benzisothiazolin LIQUID-3-ON, COMPRISING OXETILATO-AMINO of formula II. Wherein R is alkyl or alkenyl with 2 to 22 carbon atoms; M + n is 2 to 30 and used as TECHNICAL PRESERVATIVE.


Aimed at U Type compressible support open-off cut widen project in Pingdingshan Mining Co.,Ltd.Two Ore F16-22190 face,we puts forward different construction plan,U shaped steel beam support in reference to the construction technology,through the research and analysis,determine the construction plan and effective solution U shrink shape bracket construction difficulties,widen the support roadway plan complex problems,and can satisfy the fully mechanized working face scraper conveyor,coal winning machine,hydraulic support and other large equipment installation requirements.


A recent article in the Journal of American College of Radiology explains why it takes so long for new imaging technologies to make their way into the radiology suite. For starters, escalating U.S. government requirements mean that imaging advances take even longer to push through than in the past. The rate of innovation is much faster than the ability to get new technologies through the costly regulatory and adoption process.


Purpose: To evaluate exercise capacity and physical activity level in a broad population of Swedish men and women with adult congenital heart disease (ACHD). Material and Methods: From April 2009 t...


In 2004 and 2007, the EU enlarged to encompass twelve new members from Central and Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean. Since 2001/02, the EU has been developing the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) in order to cope with the challenges resulting from this new political landscape. With the exception of Belarus and Russia, the European Union's East- ern neighbours are intent on acquiring a perspective for EU membership in the near future. The EU, in turn, is keen on maintaining its Eastern borders safe and secure from external risks such as illegal migration, economic crisis and energy insecurity. In order to meet these objectives, the EU promotes democratic and economic reforms in the countries located along its border and, in so doing, it strives to foster political stability and security in the wider Europe. In this article I will argue that the ENP entails a dynamic which ultimately will bring some neighbouring coun- tries closer to EU membership. To this end I will explore the 'governance approach' in EU stud- ies demonstrating that it is well-equipped to explain the development of the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) as a form of 'externalization of EU governance' and to bridge ex- ternal and internal policy-making of the EU.


Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)can be released in the Perfusate of rat caudate nucleus (CN) slices by two different modes of stimulation, with electrical stimulation at 5Hz and with high concentrations of K+ (105 mM) using K+ ‐propionate. We were unable to demonstrate AChE release with lower K+ concentrations (50 mM); however, at this concentration the drop in AChEactivity seen in resting conditions was prevented. Practicfallyb all (95%) cholinesterase (ChE)found in the rat CN is AChE, which is reprersented by tow major molecular forms (4S and 10S). In the perfusate, only AChE activity could be detected. A comparison of acetylcholine (ACh) and AChE release showed that maximal 3H‐outflow and AChE release occurred at the same frequency (5 Hz), but the onsetof AChE release was delayed. With high K+ (105mM) depolarization, AChE release started after termination of the stimulation and continued for at least 50 min. These findings are consistent with the view that soluble form(s) of AChE can be slowly released from neurons under specific conditions of depolarization. In the caudate of the rat, the most likely sites for this release are processes of chlinergic interneurons. A hypothesis of AChE release is presented, and possible physiological and pathological implications of such a mechanism are discussed.


Buddhist art was an important part of Buddhist culture, especially in the bygone eras where access and ability to read Buddhist texts were limited. The Jātaka stories and the events from the life of Buddha portray the loving kindness, compassion, generosity, intellectual ability, perseverance, serenity, etc., of the historical Buddha. The art provided the lay persons with an insight to Buddha and Buddhism. In Buddhist cultures, children receive their first understanding of Buddhism through the temple paintings and sculpture depicting the life events and previous lives of Lord Buddha. Kizil Rock – Cut Monastery which is also known as the Kizil Thousand Buddha Caves are located in the modern Baicheng county of Kuche (Kuqa) township of the Xinjiang Weiwuerzu (Uighur, Uygur) Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. The grottoes extend in an East West direction along the Muzhati River. Kizil Rock – Cut Monastery has 269 numbered caves with most of the construction between 3 to 8 century CE. Kizil has more than 1,000 square meters of paintings adorning its walls, consisting of Buddha, Bodhisattva, Arahants, Dancers and Musicians, Heavenly beings as well Jātaka and stories from the events of the life of Buddha. Some of the identified Jātaka stories include Vessantara, Sivi, Suthasoma, Nalapana, Sasa, Themiya, Mahoshada, etc. and the events include birth, the great departure, first sermon, parinirvāna, taming of the elephant Nalagiri, etc. The Jātaka stories and events from the life of Buddha was popular in early Buddhist art of India and Gandhara as evident from the sculpture of Sanci and Bharut in India and discovered at Buddhist sites in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Kizil remains as the best preserved example of the early tradition of art in Central Asia. Buddhist Rock – Cut temples in China such as Dunhuang Mogao Rock – Cut Temple, Bezeclick, Yulin, etc., have very few examples of Jātaka stories and events from the life of Buddha. As such to understand the composition and themes at Kizil, it is necessary to study the early Buddhist art of India and Gandhara. However, the Kandyan period paintings of Sri Lanka, albeit dating from 16 century provides the best and the largest corpus of paintings from a tradition which has continued for more than 2 millennia, gives us an understanding of the Kizil paintings. This is a part of my ongoing research on the identification of hitherto unidentified paintings at Kizil.


The aim of this article is to evaluate the business activity of small and medium enterprises in the Statutory City of Karviná in the Czech Republic. With regard to the objective of the work, a questionnaire survey focused on small and medium-sized enterprises in Karvina was carried out. Secondary data are obtained from the Czech Statistical Office. Within Karvina, the number of registered entities is approximately half the number of registered entities every year, except for cooperatives. Enterprises of natural persons doing business under the Trade Licensing Act have a considerable advantage over legal entities. The main motivating factors for entrepreneurship are the influence of "self-fulfillment" when entrepreneurs engage in entrepreneurial activity to achieve their inner satisfaction. The second main motive is the possibility to organize your time and take responsibility for yourself. From the perspective of barriers to starting a business, the most important factor is the bureaucracy and redundant administration.


The boundary extracted from images is a sort of important feature. The object of this paper is to study the differential invariance of images under the boundary extracting operator so as to probe what kinds of information are lost during the extraction procedure. By the prolongation formula in jet bundle of the prolongated Lie transformation group and the invariant condition to the related differential equations, this paper constructs the differential invariants of Laplace boundary operator by detailed deduction. In order to have the paper self contained, a series of calculating formula for the prolongation of Lie derivatives and the condition of invariant solutions of the differential equations are developed. Finally, a digital experiment involving scale, gray level and rotation transformation is given. The method presented by this paper can be actually adopted to a large scale of differential operators in image processing area.


The energetic use of biomass plays currently from ecological and economic reasons an increasing role. This results for some biomasses, for example wood originating fuels to a strong demand and respective market prices. Plant operators are therefore forced to develop new fuel sources and fuels. For fuel substitution in currently operating plants there has to be a number of aspects to be considered. A safe and preferably comprehensive characterization of biomass in view of the chemical, calorific, mechanic and reaction kinetic characteristics is the background focus of this paper.


In this paper, a passive islanding method based on PCC point interharmonic impedance measurement is proposed to solve the problem that the passive passive islanding detection method is too large to detect the dead zone. Which also overcomes the problem that the traditional impedance measurement method increases in the non-detection area (NDZ) when the multi-inverter is juxtaposed, and avoids the power quality problem caused by the active detection. Finally, the accuracy of this method is verified by simulation.


Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) are known predators of adults and juveniles of many species of colonial waterbirds, including gulls (Larus spp.), terns (Sterninae), cormorants (Phalacrocorax spp.), pelicans (Pelecanus spp.), and herons (Ardea spp.; Todd et al. 1982, Norman et al. 1989, Hobson 1997, Wright 2004, Buchanan and Watson 2010). Direct predation by Bald Eagles has caused local population declines in many of these species (Chatwin et al. 2002; Carter et al. 2007; Hayward et al. 2010). Disturbance by Bald Eagles has also been linked to facilitation of egg predation of colonial waterbirds by American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) and Herring Gulls (L. argentatus) (Verbeek 1982, S. Windels unpubl. data). Direct predation by Bald Eagles on eggs of colonial waterbirds has been observed for a few marine species (e.g., Glaucous-winged Gulls [L. glaucescens]; Thompson 1989, Hayward et al. 2010) but evidence is lacking for freshwater species. Here, we report repeated Double-crested Cormorant (P. auritus) and Herring Gull egg predation events by Bald Eagles on a Double-crested Cormorant–Herring Gull rookery in Rainy Lake along the U.S.–Canada border between Voyageurs National Park (VNP), MN, and Ontario, Canada. On 19 July 2011, as part of an ongoing long-term study (Pittman et al. 2015), we visited a Bald Eagle nest (Nest 266, West Fox Island III) in the Fox Islands, Rainy Lake, MN (48u37.2849N, 92u58.3989W) to band nestlings, but the nest had recently failed. We found fragments from several Herring Gull and Double-crested Cormorant eggs under the nest tree, suggesting that the eggs had been brought back to the nest as food for the nestlings. This nest site was ,1100 m from an active Herring Gull and Doublecrested Cormorant rookery (328 pairs Double-crested Cormorants and 38 pairs of Herring Gulls in 2011 [S. Windels unpubl. data]) on the Seven Sisters Islands, Rainy Lake, Ontario (48u37.8669N, 92u58.3329W). We returned to this eagle nest site on 28 July 2011 to search for additional signs of egg predation. We searched around the base of the nest tree for 10 min and found several Herring Gull feathers but no additional gull or cormorant eggs. Another nearby eagle nest (Nest 209, West Fox Island II, MN; 48u37.5669N, 92u57.9669W), ,700 m from the rookery, was briefly occupied by another breeding pair in April–June of 2011 and $ two immature Bald Eagles had been observed on the island in June/July 2011, so we searched for additional signs of egg predation there. We searched an area with a radius of approximately 50 m around the base of the nest tree for 30 min and found 16 cormorant eggs and five Herring Gulls eggs that had been broken open and predated. We also found feathers and bones from several adult Herring Gulls and cormorants. On 31 August 2011 we also searched a third Bald Eagle nest (Nest 213, Scott Island II, Ontario) ,2100 m from the rookery on another island in Ontario (48u38.4489N, 92u56.8689W). This nest site was active in 2007–2009, but had not been surveyed since 2009 (when we stopped eagle monitoring in Ontario); thus, we were unsure if it was active in 2011 or not. We found feathers and bones from several adult Herring Gulls and cormorants, but no eggs. 1 Email address: firstname.lastname@example.com 2 Retired LETTER


The reason that the new energy can not be the main driving force of motor vehicles in the short term is analyzed.The development trends and research direction of gasoline engine in GDI and HCCI and diesel engine in high-pressure common-rail electronic control system are introduced.In the area of energy saving,emissions and efficiency they still have great potential.They are still the mainstream of automotive power in the short term.


The greater benefit of corruption than its loss, the impact of the corruptive phenomena and the weakness of supervision from authorities are the causes and spread of corruption in colleges and universities. To severely punish the corrupt officials and eliminate corruptive practices, not only should scientific management systems and supervision mechanisms be established, but also sanctions from the Party discipline and from systems should be closely combined together.


Abstract Mode distribution changes were observed when fibre cladding was locally heated by a focused c.w. laser. The time-evolution of mode-coupling was experimentally obtained with the help of a linear photodiode array. A simplified theoretical model of fibre axial temperature flow gave a good agreement with experiment.


Unique optical and electronic properties are exhibited by semiconductors in nanoparticle state as compared to their bulk form. Copper and manganese are transition metals which show various oxidation states and all the oxides have different characteristics as nanomaterials. These metal oxides have various applications in biosensing, photocatalysis, etc.

For this work, pure copper and manganese oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via the Sol-Gel method. The same method was used to obtain mixed metal (Cu and Mn) oxide nanoparticles for three values of doping (5%, 10%, and 15%) of metallic Cu in manganese oxide and Mn in copper oxide.

X-Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns reveal that the monoclinic structure of pure CuO changes to tetragonal on doping it with Mn, whereas the cubic phase of manganese oxide is found to change to tetragonal and then to monoclinic as the doping level of Cu in it is increased. The surface texture of pure and mixed metal Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) has been used to study nanoparticles, and it has shown that as the doping level is raised, the nanoparticles' size and form vary noticeably. Additionally, the optical characteristics investigated by UV-Visible spectroscopy show that the energy band gap in the two cases strongly depends on the doping percentage.

The crystallite size decreased from 30nm to 15nm after doping of Mn in CuO, whereas it increased from 17nm to 20nm after doping of Cu in MnO. The energy gap value changed from 1.34 eV to 1.77 eV for CuO and from 3.86 eV to 2.14 eV for MnO nanoparticles after doping.


The effect of laser, as a heat source, on a one-dimensional finite body was studied in this paper. The Cattaneo-Vernotte non-Fourier heat conduction model was used for thermal analysis. The thermal conductivity was assumed temperature-dependent which resulted in a non-linear equation. The obtained equations were solved using the approximate-analytical Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM). It was concluded that the non-linear analysis is important in non-Fourier heat conduction problems. Significant differences were observed between the Fourier and non-Fourier solutions which stresses the importance of non-Fourier solutions in the similar problems.


Organisations engage in various activities designed to foster effective learning. Three forms of learning with important implications for the innovation process are experiential (whereby firms gain relevant insights through direct experience with patterns of action), vicarious (observation of external activities, with inference and other attributions being employed to reconstruct the underlying processes) and inter-organisational (direct contact with outside entities). This paper examines the influence of these forms of learning throughout the process of technological innovation. Using interview and archival data from 11 innovation projects in biopharmaceuticals and medical devices, I uncover evidence of three distinct learning sequences: (1) intensive-externalising (IE); (2) intensive-internalising (II); and (3) expansive-internalising (EI). The sequences vary both in the breadth of learning forms utilised and in the degree to which resultant knowledge is internalised as subsequent innovations are pursued. These findings offer useful insights into the locus and sources of learning for innovation processes in technologically complex settings.


We started to construct a 3-dimensional (3D) earthquake forecasting model for the Kanto district in Japan under the Special Project for Reducing Vulnerability for Urban Mega Earthquake Disasters based on the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP) experiments. Because seismicity in this area ranges from shallower part to a depth of 80 km due to subducting Philippine-Sea and Pacific plates, we need to study the effect of earthquake depth distribution. We tried to construct a prototype of 3D earthquake forecasting model for the area based on the Relative Intensity model (Nanjo, 2011) which forecasts earthquake probabilities using historical data. For a large earthquake forecasting, we need a longer period of earthquake data than current studies. Therefore, we analyzed completeness magnitude (Mc) every 10 km in a depth from 0 to 100 km of earthquake catalogs of Utsu (1979, 1982), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) which are partially covered from 1885 to 2013 by the Maximum curvature method (Wiemer and Wyss, 2000) to assess a quality of their catalogs considering a depth of hypocenters. In the case of JMA catalog, an average and its standard deviation of Mc for a year from 1923 to 1970's showed 3.7 and 0.4, respectively. Then, they decreased from 1970's to 2000, which means that quality of the catalog improved with time. After the 1980's, Mc showed heterogeneous distribution with depth. Mc in shallower depth are smaller than that in deeper one. For example, averaged Mc and its standard deviation from 2000 to 2010 is 0.25 and 0.14 with 0 to 30 km in depth against 0.67 and 0.10 with 60 to 100 km in depth. In this presentation, we discuss how use the heterogeneous catalog to develop a 3-dimensional forecasting model in Japan. The authors thank JMA and NIED for their earthquake catalogs. This work is sponsored by the Special Project for Reducing Vulnerability for Urban Mega Earthquake Disasters from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports and Technology of Japan.


Analysis of a recent decision dealing with the priority of claims against an owner of property held by the seller and by its secured lender.


For a smooth algebraic surface X the Chern numbers c\(X) and c2(X) are defined. Here c2(X) is equal to the Euler-Poincare characteristic of X and c\{X) is the self-intersection number of a canonical divisor of X. For a surface of general type they satisfy the Miyaoka-Yau inequality c\ 0. in fact, c2 is the volume of the surface (normalized by the Gauss-Bonnet form) with respect to the complexhyperbolic metric induced from the ball. We wish to construct surfaces of general type with extreme Chern numbers (c\ = 3c 2) that are ramified covers of the complex projective plane branched along lines. Thus, we continue the investigation of the paper [3]. However, the much better developed theory and the new examples are due to Th. Hofer [4|. This note is a report on his work. We have to omit many things. For example, we only consider the case when the surface is the quotient of the ball by a discrete group Γ of automorphisms. Γ operating freely with compact quotient. Hofer includes the case when Γ may have torsion and cusps (at infinity) and constructs many such ball quotients as ramified covers of the plane. His formulae (with suitable modifications) hold for this more general case. 1. Let S be an algebraic surface and C, (i = 1 t) finitely many distinct smooth irreducible curves on S such that the curve C = V. Ct has only—


The feasibility of using the Nanometrics DocuSpec I microspectrophotometer for paint analysis was investigated. The reflectance spectra of 15 paint panels of visually similar color from the Reference Collection of Automotive Paints were stored in the DocuSpec computer's memory. Paint samples taken from salvage yard vehicles were compared against this reference library, and in eight out of eleven instances the DocuSpec correctly identified the right panel as a possible source of the paint fragment. The DocuSpec I can be used as a rapid and discriminating screening tool in the determination of the make and model of a hit-and-run vehicle from a paint chip found at the scene.


A multi-pass time-of-flight mass separator (MTOF-MS) is under development by the University Radioactive Ion Beam (UNIRIB) collaboration. The MTOF consists of two coaxial electrostatic mirrors, focusing lenses and auxiliary injection, extraction and separation elements. The injected ions having almost the same energy but different masses undergo hundreds or thousands of reflections between the mirrors. In the course of this periodic motion, the ions of different masses and hence velocities are spatially separated in longitudinal direction. The periodic motion in the MTOF has been investigated with a recently developed ray tracing program utilizing the canonical integration technique. Results of the performed numerical simulations are discussed. The simulations displayed the nonlinear character of the ions' behaviour both in transverse and longitudinal phase spaces. The ions' transverse stability and longitudinal isochronicity were the matters of primary attention. It is shown in particular that at transverse tunes of around Q=0.75 the system can be adjusted to be isochronous up to at least the 3rd order of the time-of-flight (ToF) optical aberrations.


The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has led to the prioritization of standardizing the processing, coding, and transmission of video using neural networks. To address this priority area, the Moving Picture, Audio, and Data Coding by Artificial Intelligence (MPAI) group is developing a suite of standards called MPAI-EEV for"end-to-end optimized neural video coding."The aim of this AI-based video standard project is to compress the number of bits required to represent high-fidelity video data by utilizing data-trained neural coding technologies. This approach is not constrained by how data coding has traditionally been applied in the context of a hybrid framework. This paper presents an overview of recent and ongoing standardization efforts in this area and highlights the key technologies and design philosophy of EEV. It also provides a comparison and report on some primary efforts such as the coding efficiency of the reference model. Additionally, it discusses emerging activities such as learned Unmanned-Aerial-Vehicles (UAVs) video coding which are currently planned, under development, or in the exploration phase. With a focus on UAV video signals, this paper addresses the current status of these preliminary efforts. It also indicates development timelines, summarizes the main technical details, and provides pointers to further points of reference. The exploration experiment shows that the EEV model performs better than the state-of-the-art video coding standard H.266/VVC in terms of perceptual evaluation metric.


The occurrence of the Type V Bekesy audiogram and its auditory and physiological significance were studied by investigating Bekesy audiograms with the cases, of functional hearing loss and most comfortable loudness trackings by Bekesy audiometry in 10 normal hearing subjects.Following results were obtained1) 36 of 43 ears with functional hearing loss (or 83.7%) exhibited the Type V patterns in Bekesy audiometry.2) The appearances of the Type V Bekesy audiograms were 112 of 120 trials of MCL trackings by 10 normal hearing subjects.3) The audiogram of MCL trackings were almost saucer type patterns and its levels were from 55 to 70 dB.4) MCL tracking levels increased linearly as the duty cycle (20, 50, 80 and 100%) decreased. There was no significant relation between MCL tracking levels and repetition periods (300, 500, 700 and 1000msec).5) This study suggested that the duty cycle gave most significant influence upon the loudness tracking levels, comparing the on time and the off time.


We present the latest results of our on-going closed-loop "end-to-end" numerical adaptive optics (AO) simulations concerning both a standard-AO and a three-star
 ground-layer AO system for a near-infrared 2-m class telescope at Dome C, Antarctica. We demonstrate that Dome C is an ideal site for wide-field AO-aided astronomy, define in details the AO system(s) optimized for the median turbulence profile considered, and finally show that a ~0.3 Strehl ratio and 200-mas-wide stable point-spread function is reached in band J on at least a 15'-diameter field.


A total of 142 silage samples were used to evaluate the ability of near infrared refl ectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fi bre (NDF) digestibility. Three techniques, Partial Least Square (PLS), Principal Component Regression (PCR) and Multivariate Linear Regression (MLR), and a series of mathematical treatments were applied to establish the NIRS calibrations. The F-test and T-test of correlativity between reference and NIRS values of silage samples in validation set were carried out to verify the models. Results showed the PLS technique gave the best prediction and calibrations, and that the calibrations developed from the combination of smooth and fi rst-order derivative treatment were largely acceptable. The prediction of DM digestibility of dried samples was good with the determination coeffi cient of validation (r2) being greater than 0.80. The prediction of dried samples was better than that of fresh samples. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values of DM digestibility for dried and fresh samples were 8.25 and 11.26%, respectively. As for NDF digestibility, the RSD values were higher, being of 22.87 and 23.50% for dried and fresh samples, respectively.


This study examined the impact of direct cash transfer on farm household income using primary studies conducted in South Asian countries. After the detailed data screening, 16 studies were found suitable for the systematic review. The subgroup analysis results showed a significant difference in the conditional cash transfer (CCT) and unconditional cash transfer (UTC) groups of programs. The impact of CCT programs was positive and significant on farm income and agriculture productivity. On the other hand, UCT programs did not affect farm income in South Asian countries.


Tests of the radiation efficiency of a dipole antenna 100 ft. long and buried in Sherman granite are described. The measurements were taken under winter conditions as a comparison with earlier measurements made in summertime; this determines whether any appreciable alterations occur due to climactic conditions. The results of a measurement of the sky wave-to-ground wave ratio at 3375 kHz over an 18 km path are also given.
The efficiencies measured at 2.0 and 7.975 MHz are comparable. For reasons that are not understood, the winter efficiency at 3.375 MHz is about 11 times greater than the summer efficiency. The distance at which the ground wave and sky wave signals are nearly equal, resulting in severe multiplicative noise or selective fading, occurs in the range of 10 to 30 km at 3375 kHz.


Owing to their physical and chemical properties, inorganic functional materials have tremendous impacts on key technologies such as energy generation and storage, information, medicine, and automotive engineering. Nature, on the other hand, provides evolution‐optimized processes, which lead to multifunctional inorganic–bio‐organic materials with complex structures. Their formation occurs under physiological conditions, and is goverened by a combination of highly regulated biological processes and intrinsic chemical properties. Nevertheless, insights into the molecular mechanisms of biomineralization open up promising perspectives for bioinspired and biomimetic design and the development of inorganic–bio‐organic multifunctional hybrids. Therefore, biomimetic approaches may disclose new synthetic routes under ambient conditions by integrating the concept of gene‐regulated biomineralization principles. The skeletal structures of marine sponges provide an interesting example of biosilicification via enzymatically controlled and gene‐regulated silica metabolism. Spicule formation is initiated intracellularly by a fine‐tuned genetic mechanism, which involves silica deposition in vesicles (silicassomes) under the control of the enzyme silicatein, which has both catalytic and templating functions. In this review, we place an emphasis on the fabrication of biologically inspired materials with silicatein as a biocatalyst.


This study is aimed at describing constitutional and legal basis of MPU in Aceh, describing the history of existence of the Ulama's roles in Aceh and also analyzing legal aspect and legal implication of deciding MPU Aceh concerning cult. The approaches used on this study are statute approach, cases approach, and historical approach. The result of analysis shows that fatwa issued by MPU Aceh concerning cult to several chairpersons of Islamic school (Pasantren/Dayah) in Aceh is against the law, especially Article 5 (b) Qanun Aceh No. 2 of 2009 on Aceh's Ulama Consultative Assembly.   Keywords: fatwa, Aceh's Ulama Consultative Assembly, cult


The rate of the reaction O+SO2+M→SO3+M has been measured under pseudo‐first‐order conditions in a discharge flow reactor with ESR detection. For M=He at room temperature, extensive measurements over a wide SO2 mole fraction range were used to evaluate the rate constant for both He (k1) and SO2 (k2) as third bodies. The results were k1=3.0±0.2×1014 cm6 mole−2⋅ sec−1 and k2/k1=9.5±2.7, the error limits being simply experimental mean deviations. Similar experiments for M=N2 (k4) at room temperature yielded k4=7.2±0.3×1014. Measurements of M=He over the temperature range 248–415 °K gave the Arrhenius result k1=3.9±0.9×1016 exp[−(1400±50)/T]. The positive Arrhenius activation energy is in good agreement with other published results, and some discussion of this unusual feature for termolecular reactions is presented.


We study the pure-gauge sector of an $SU(N)$ gauge theory, equivariantly gauge fixed to $SU(N-1)\times U(1)$, which is an asymptotically free non-linear sigma model in four dimensions. We show that dimensional transmutation takes place in the large-$N$ limit, and elaborate on the relevance of this result for a speculative scenario in which the strong longitudinal dynamics gives rise to a novel Higgs-Coulomb phase.


Synthetic human c‐Ha‐ras genes in which amino acid codons were altered to those which are frequently used in highly expressed Escherichia coli genes were ligated to the 3′‐end of Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat. When NIH3T3 cells were transfected with the plasmids having those genes with valine at codon 12, leucine at codon 61 or arginine at codon 61, transformants were efficiently produced. These results indicated that the synthetic c‐Ha‐ras genes are expressed in a mammalian system even though their codon usage is altered to correspond with that of E. colt. This expression vector system should he useful for studies on the structure‐function relationships of c‐Ha‐ras, since the synthetic gene can be easily modified to have multiple base alterations, and can also be used simultaneously for the production of large amounts of p21 in E. coli for biochemical and biophysical studies.


This document is a compilation of materials from a presentation on ethical decision making. These components are included: (1) four sample moral dilemmas; (2) graphs of Kohlberg's six stages of moral growth; (3) graphs of Gilligan's Theory of Moral Judgments; (4) graphs of Kitchner's Theory of Ethical Principles; (5) a discussion of the four components of R,,st's Model of Ethical Decision Making--interpreting the situaLon, deciding what is morally right, choosing between moral values and other values, and implementing a plan of action; (6) a discussion of practical applications of Rest's model focused on college students and arranged within each of the four previously mentioned components of Rest's model; (7) a list of ethical decision making situations for college student leaders; (8) a list of ethical issues for college student leaders to discuss using Rest's four component model; (9) a list of 10 ethical myths with a short discussion of each; and (10) a list of 10 commandments of executive integrity with accompanying lists of cognitive and affective elements. References are listed. (ABL) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original documenL. ********************************************************************* "Ethical Decision Making: Developmental Theory and Practice" National Association of Student Personnel Administrators U S DEPARTMENT OF EOUCATION 0(1(ce of Educatrona, Research and imp,p,emeru EOL: ATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER ERIC hs document has been reproduced as receh,ea from me oersoh or organ.zat(on 0,,glnatng C Minor changes nave been made to 'prove ,egaroducho-,Qualay Polots 01 vlew or OP n,Oos stated ,n tntsCIOCu rnent do not neCeSSanIy egvesent nuic(ar OE FR pos.fion or pot,' Denver, Colorado March 1989 Presenters: "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY (ji.j1:11-46L TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)" Barbara Par zl and Timothy McMahon Department of Residence Life and Housing Washington State University


SUMMARY

i

(Marshall McLuhan, 1958)

The elastodynamic 'ray-theoretical' Green's tensor for general anisotropic and inhomogeneous media (GANIMED) is derived in the far-field high-frequency approximation. This allows the quantification of the amplitude and phase charac-teristics of arbitrary point sources. The displacement field is controlled by the phase velocity and the Gaussian curvature of the wave surface.

Exploiting the already existing computer codes for dynamic ray tracing in GANIMED, we demonstrate how one may couple it to source theory in order to calculate displacement-radiation patterns for unipolar and dipolar sources in various earth crustal materials, such as shales, sandstones, and olivine. The existence of a velocity gradient at the source causes asymmetry in the radiation patterns. In contradistinction, anisotropy at the source tends to distort the lobes and in some cases can beam excessive energy in specific directions. Our calculated radiation patterns for shear waves are similar to those observed from some explosions in soil.


The characteristics of AT91RM9200 serial synchronous controller SSC are described.The application circuit and timings analysis between SSC and E1 frame for DS21554 are introduced detailedly.


There are few reports for the origin of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki) and no species is defined as ancestor for it. However, so far, D. glandulosa (syn. D. roxburghii) was reported as a candidate for the origin of persimmon by Ng (Malaysian Forester 41:43-50, 1978), and D. oleifera and D. lotus are also reported to have very close relationship to D. kaki in phylogenetic analyses using the sequences of matK gene of the chloroplast DNA and ITS region of the genomic DNA by our research (Tree Genetics & Genomes 4:149-158, 2008). These three candidate species are all diploid (2n=2x=30) in contrast that almost all of D. kaki is hexaploid (2n=6x=90). Recently, our survey of Diospyros species in China allowed us to find a new possible candidate of D. kaki, called "ye-mao-shi" in Chinese, in addition to these three candidate species. This new candidate seemed to be much closer to D. kaki than the previous three candidates due to morphological similarities of shape and size of leaf, fruit, and calyx. It was just like D. kaki in morphology, except that the fruit skin is pubescent in contrast with glabrous skin for D. kaki. The leaf surface of this new candidate is also a little bit pubescent. We found this candidate at Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanic Garden in Yunnan Province. According to the survey of specimens at the herbariums of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanic Garden, Kunming Botanical Garden, Wuhan Botanical Garden, and Beijing Botanical Garden in China, this candidate was confused in the classification and was categorized into both D. kaki var. sylvestris and D. kaki. In fact, there were two types classified into D. kaki var. sylvestris and D. kaki; one has pubescent fruit skin and the other has glabrous fruit skin. The candidate having pubescent fruit skin, called "ye-mao-shi", should be classified as different categorization from D. kaki or D. kaki var. sylvestris. Interestingly, according to our herbarium survey in China, almost all of this candidate was distributed preferentially in Yunnan Province of China. Now, we are trying to analyze this new candidate to validate the genetic relationship to D. kaki in phylogenetic trees. This candidate should be closer to D. kaki among the species we analyzed and we are now planning to analyze the phylogenetic position of this new candidate among other wild Diospyros species we collected.


A jet electrodeposition device was carried out to prepare Cu-Al2 O3 nanocomposite coatings. The influence of the concentration of Al2 O3 in the electrolyte and parameters, such as cathodic current density, the electrolyte temperature as well as the electrolyte jet velocity, on the content of the Al2 O3 in the deposite were investigated. The coatings ingredient and microstructure was measured by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive analyzer system (EDX), the microhardness tests were conducted on an microhardness tester. The results show that the jet electrodeposition can fine crystalline particles. The copper deposited layers have nanocrystalline microstructure with grain size of about 50nm. The amount of Al2 O3 in composites first increased and then decreased with an increase in the concentration of Al2 O3 , current density, temperature and jet velocity. The composite with optimum atomic percent of Al2 O3 (14.4 at%) can be obtained at the concentration of 30 g/l, cathodic current densities 300 A/dm2 , temperature 30°C, and electrolyte jet velocity 8 m/s. The addition of Al2 O3 in copper increases the microhardness of the electrodeposited coatings.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


Because of the COVID-19 epidemic situation, the advantages of intelligent express cabinet stand out, compared with the traditional terminal distribution. It can not only solve the problem of terminal delivery difficulty but also that of the user privacy assurance, in which the contactless delivery becomes deeply popular because cross-infection is avoided. This paper studies the domestic present situation of the application of intelligent express cabinet and the existing problems, according to the data of 207 copies of questionnaires, analyses the consumer cognition and attitude towards intelligent express cabinet. In order to expand the application market of intelligent express cabinets, the paper puts forward measures such as integrating resources, improving the utilization rate, investigating the needs, reasonable layout, integrating community services, and enriching the profit model.


Abnormal subchondral bone remodeling featured by over-activated osteoclastogenesis leads to articular cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis (OA) progression, but the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we used lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1 (Lcp1) knock-out mice to suppress subchondral osteoclast formation in mice OA model with anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and Lcp1-/- mice showed decreased bone remodeling and sensory innervation in subchondral bone accompanied by retarded cartilage degeneration. For mechanisms, in wildtype mice with ACLT the activated osteoclasts in subchondral bone induced type-H vessels and elevated oxygen concentration which ubiquitylated hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), vital for maintaining chondrocyte homeostasis in articular chondrocytes and led to cartilage degeneration. Deletion of Lcp1 impeded osteoclast-mediated angiogenesis, which maintained the low levels of oxygen partial pressure (pO2) in subchondral bone as well as the whole joint and delayed the OA progression. Stabilization of HIF-1α delayed cartilage degeneration and knockdown of Hif1a abolished the protective effects of Lcp1 knockout. Notably, we identified a novel subgroup of hypertrophic chondrocytes highly associated with OA by single cell sequencing analysis of human articular chondrocytes. Lastly, we showed that Oroxylin A, an Lcp1-encoded protein L-plastin (LPL) inhibitor, could alleviate OA progression. In conclusion, maintaining hypoxic environment in subchondral bone is an attractive strategy for OA treatment. Teaser Inhibiting subchondral osteoclastogenesis alleviates OA progression via maintaining joint hypoxia environment.


Abstract Oil film thickness of the oils containing non-functionalized polyalkylmethacrylate (PAMA) was determined under pure rolling condition between 0.001 and 1 m/s and a temperature of 40 °C with a glass disc-on-steel roller tester. The measurements for PAMA solutions with short-chain alkyl group (C1mix) showed a pronounced enhancement of film thickness in the low speeds, while those for long chain (C16mix) fell on the theoretical line. Adsorption test indicated that the increase in film thickness for C1mix was due to the absorbed layer formed by polymer molecule. Then, traction behaviour was studied by varying the rolling speed under a slide/roll ratio of 50 per cent with a sapphire disc-on-steel roller tester. In traction—speed curves, the measurements of all the polymer solutions fell on the base oil line in the high speeds. In the region below 0.1 m/s, as the speed was decreased, the traction for high-molecular-weight (HMw) C1mix and C16mix solutions deviated downward from the base oil line. The traction—film parameter curves suggested that the traction for C1mix and HMw-C1mix solutions was influenced by the mutual interaction of polymer molecules in the partial EHL region including thin-film lubrication, where the concentration of the polymer is high compared to bulk solution.


The purpose of this research was conducted to offer a new method in the preparation of academic texts on laws and regulations. Academic Manuscripts contain the results of research regarding the contents of the content or proposals submitted to be regulated in a provision of statutory regulations and or regional regulations. Provisions related to the preparation of academic manuscripts have been regulated in laws and regulations, but a special method is needed in preparing academic manuscripts so that they are in accordance with the needs of the community. In this study using normative legal research methods. The findings in this study are that there is a novelty method that can be used in the preparation of academic manuscripts, namely the Rule Identification Urgency Solution (RIUS). With the RIUS method, an academic text can be used as a basis or basis for argumentation in the formation of laws and regulations or regional regulations. In conclusion, the RIUS method is a method that can analyze the rule of law, identify problems, the urgency of why these regulations are needed, and the solutions that can be provided. The RIUS method was first applied by researchers in preparing academic texts for regional regulations in the Badung Regency Government and Jembrana Regency Government, in this case researchers as experts in preparing academic manuscripts. Suggestions that can be given are that in the preparation of academic papers it is best to focus on analyzing what problems occur in society so that a regulation is needed.


dopamine reuptake and increased levels of synaptic dopamine. Aripiprazole is a partial dopamine agonist with a high affinity for the striatal D2 dopamine receptors. This property of partial agonism of dopamine receptor implies that this medication is also a partial antagonist at the same dopamine receptors site. When dopamine is elevated in the synaptic cleft, aripiprazole acts as an antagonist because its action is less potent than dopamine. When dopamine is low in the synaptic cleft, it would be expected that aripiprazole would act as a partial agonist because there is less dopamine and the 2 receptors get more stimulation than baseline. In general, when adding aripiprazole to stimulant, dopamine is high and we are reducing the net dopamine postsynaptic effect. Therefore, by removing the stimulant, the natural dopamine decreases to be replaced by the less potent aripiprazole, thus possibly causing dystonia. In addition, the fact that not all patients present motor movements or dystonic reactions after stimulant discontinuation may be the result of other factors such as individual tolerance, sensitivity, or dose-related factors. Clinicians will need to review their belief that stimulants being short acting can be discontinued at will (weekends and holidays), without any repercussion. The reported cases exemplify that drug interactions are prevalent. Judicious balancing of the medications used in combination should be exercised, because of potential abnormal motor movements or dystonic reactions. The presence of abnormal motor movements associated with combining psychostimulants and atypical antipsychotics in children may have implications, as per some researchers, for a possible higher risk of tardive dyskinesia when early motor abnormalities are noted during treatment and may predict a higher risk of motor movements later in life. Another contributing factor for case 2 could be the potential for aripiprazole to attenuate the stimulant effect of dextroamphetamine. Thus, we recommend that in children receiving a combination of stimulants and atypical antipsychotics, the stimulants should not be discontinued on weekends or given drug holidays without careful monitoring for dystonia.


Discovered an opportunity of carboxylic acid amides transamidation by amines in neutral conditions in presence of copper nanoparticles, used as catalyst. A possible mechanism of catalysis is discussed. The reaction proceeds in mild conditions and may be used, as useful synthetic method for some carboxylic amides preparation.


The paper delves into the multi-gender perspectives surrounding the POSH policy's effectiveness and inclusivity. The research incorporates case studies and qualitative data to analyze the impact of the POSH policy on both men and women. The research also addresses the rising concerns of false or malicious complaints and the negative consequences they have on innocent individuals. The study employs exploratory and qualitative research, with case studies from professionals working in various corporate sectors. The respondents' views reveal a prevalent bias towards women, leading to the neglect of men's experiences of sexual harassment. The major findings of the study underline the urgent need for gender-neutral laws and increased awareness of sexual violence against men. Also suggestions are made for crucial amendments to the POSH Act to safeguard men's rights and protect them from exploitation. The paper advocates for a collective effort to recognize and support all victims of sexual violence, regardless of gender, to ensure a safe and inclusive work environment for all individuals.


A promising approach to depth from defocus (DfD) involves actively projecting a quasi-random point pattern onto an object and assessing the blurriness of the point projection as captured by a camera to recover the depth of the scene. Recently, it was found that the depth inference can be made not only faster but also more accurate by leveraging deep learning approaches to computationally model and predict depth based on the quasi-random point projections as captured by a camera. Motivated by the fact that deep learning techniques can automatically learn useful features from the captured image of the projection, in this paper we present an extension of this quasi-random projection approach to DfD by introducing the use of a new quasi-random projection pattern consisting of complex subpatterns instead of points. The design and choice of the subpattern used in the quasi-random projection is a key factor in the ability to achieve improved depth recovery with high fidelity. Experimental results using quasi-random projection patterns composed of a variety of non-conventional subpattern designs on complex surfaces showed that the use of complex subpatterns in the quasi-random projection pattern can significantly improve depth reconstruction quality compared to a point pattern.


Carbonaceous cosmic dust is mainly observed through infrared spectroscopy either in absorption or in emission. Laboratory soot analogues of this interstellar or circumstellar dust were produced in fuel-rich, low-pressure, premixed and flat, flames. The particles were investigated by infrared absorption spectroscopy in the 2–15 μ m spectral region. The details of the spectral features shed some light on the structure of the material and enable the study of its life cycle. In particular, the 8 μ m band position is tentatively attributed to defects at the edge or in the polyaromatic units of the materials, revealing these structural changes in astrophysical dust.


In 2002, the Festival Commission of the Kentucky Music Educators Association (KMEA) initiated a sight-singing component to be included in the district choral performance evaluation. This was instituted in an effort to hold choral directors accountable for teaching music literacy skills to their choirs. Without such a measure, it would be possible for a choir to sing difficult choral literature with a polished sound, but to have learned it all by rote. This measure also supports the National Standards for Arts Education, which emphasize the importance of sight-singing accurately and expressively (Consortium of National Arts Education Associations, 1994). Sight-singing scores did not count toward the total score in the first two years of the festival, 2002 and 2003. Beginning in 2004, sight-singing scores were combined with the prepared performance scores to compute an overall score for the choir. Choirs that received an overall distinguished rating were eligible to advance to the state performance evaluation. Nationwide, 43 states provide a statewide performance evaluation for choral ensembles; of those states, 25 require participation in adjudicated sight-singing (Norris, 2004). The purpose of this study was to determine common teaching strategies of directors whose choirs are successful at sight-singing. Successful sightsinging was defined as receiving the highest possible score in the KMEA district choral performance evaluation.


Panentheism from a Trinitarian Perspective by Joseph A. Bracken, S.J 7 Theory-Making, Transference, and Anthropology: On D. Z. Phillips' Rejection of Nonfoundationalist Theorizing by Tiina Allik 29 Perichoresis: New Theological Wine in an Old Theological Wineskin by Michael G. Lawler 49 A Universal Religious Experience? Comparative Theology as an Alternative to a Theology of Religions by James L. Fredericks 67 Seeking a Minor Sun: Saints after the Death of God by Theresa Sanders 183 Dorothy Day's Apologia for Faith after Marx by Sandra Yocum Mize 198 A New Conceptual Context for the Sacramentality of Marriage by Joseph Martos 214 Seeking Full Dignity: Catholic Social Teaching and Women in the Third World by Patricia DeFerrari 237


Based on routing stability,this paper presents an Ad Hoc cross-layer routing approach. According to the distance between the nodes,the transmit power is altered,and the node power can be efficiently decreased. The simulation results show that the stability of routing can be ensured and the power can be saved.


ABSTRACT Teacher professional development (PD) is central to the realization of the current reform efforts in science education. In this qualitative study, we investigated how educative curriculum materials supported middle school science teachers' learning within the context of a comprehensive PD program focused on the enactment of a reform-based science curriculum. Over a 5-year period, we conducted interviews and collected artifacts from formal courses and complementary project activities. Our analysis revealed that the educative curriculum materials facilitated continued science learning, shaped and scaffolded teachers' pedagogical practices, and extended the PD while the teachers were immersed in the act of teaching. Furthermore, the interrelated project activities along with the involvement of school and district administrators offered the teachers ongoing support and provided multiple opportunities to develop, reinforce, and extend their understanding of the science content, teaching practices, and principles of the curriculum. Our findings have practical implications for the role of educative curriculum materials within the context of comprehensive PD for science teachers.


InGaP/GaAs HBTs have demonstrated excellent lifetime and linearity performance for 3 to 10 V operation. This is very attractive for infrastructure applications. However, the low voltage is a drawback in this application where 28 V is a common voltage used. In this effort, a high voltage InGaP/GaAs HBT is developed for 28 V operation. The safe operation area is carefully designed, allowing the device to function in class A mode. A thermal resistance of 30/spl deg/C/W for a 1 W HBT design is measured using the V/sub be/ method. 4 W CW power with 71% efficiency is measured from this 1 W design, with a junction temperature rise of 49/spl deg/C. The integrated temperature compensated bias circuit provides <9% quiescent current change over base plate temperatures from -40 to +85/spl deg/C. Two tone and CDMA2000 linearity is also characterized. Initial WLR (wafer level reliability) results indicate that it has a similar lifetime to the standard InGaP/GaAs HBT.


This paper presents results of two methods of embedding digital audio data into another audio signal for secure communication. The data-embedded, or stego, signal is created for transmission by modifying the power spectral density or the phase spectrum of the cover audio at the perceptually masked frequencies in each frame in accordance with the covert audio data. Embedded data in each frame is recovered from the quantized frames of the received stego signal without synchronization or reference to the original cover signal. Using utterances from Texas Instruments Massachusetts Institute of Technology (TIMIT) databases, it was found that error-free data recovery resulted in voiced and unvoiced frames, while high bit-errors occurred in frames containing voiced/unvoiced boundaries. Modifying the phase, in accordance with data, led to higher successful retrieval than modifying the spectral density of the cover audio. In both cases, no difference was detected in perceived speech quality between the cover signal and the received stego signal.


This study aimed to estimate willingness to pay of households for air quality improvement and marginal benefits that household derived from the improved air- quality management plan in Klang Valley, Malaysia. A choice experiment study was administered to 300 households and the data was analysed using the multinomial logit model. It was found that number of sick days, air pollution index, medical expenditure, outdoor activities, ethnic, city, age, and respiratory symptoms are significant variables, which affected the willingness to pay of the respondents in Klang Valley. The mean willingness to pay for the new air quality management programme derived from choice experiment multinomial logit model is MYR1.99 per litre of fuel, consumer-compensating surplus is 0.04 and estimated marginal benefit is 1.83. The results reveal that households are willing to pay significant amounts in terms of higher fuel price to ensure the air quality improvement and reduce environmental and health risks in Malaysia. Hence, this study would help to produce multiple policies and recommendations to improve the air quality. It is also possible to develop efficient and equitable motor vehicle rules and promote technology advancement in this area. Effective measures in managing and planning city development should be emphasised to reduce vehicle travel and congestion, travel time, traffic jam and pollutant emissions in Klang Valley metropolitan region.


Purpose - to study the features of vitamin D status and the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on 25(OH)D in the serum of school-age children with COVID-19, taking into account the genotype of the rs2228570 polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. Materials and methods. The pilot, prospective, open-label study included 36 schoolchildren aged 9-16 who experienced asymptomatic (12 children) and mild / moderate (24 children) COVID-19. In all children were studied the content of 25(OH)D in blood serum and its dynamics under the influence of supplementation of 1000 IU per day for 12 weeks, taking into account the genotypes and frequency of distribution of alleles of the rs2228570 polymorphism of the VDR gene (26 children). Results. Children with asymptomatic COVID-19 were characterized by normal values of 25(OH)D (32.682.12 ng/ml). Children who underwent mild / moderate COVID-19 were probably more (41.7%) likely to have a state of hypovitaminosis vitamin D (27.362.12 ng/ml) and fewer children (58.3%) with an optimal level of 25(OH)D than children with asymptomatic disease. In 80.7% of the examined children, the genotype was determined by the rs2228570 polymorphism of the VDR gene, which includes the G allele with greater transcriptional activity of the VDR receptor. Supplementation of 1000 IU of cholecalciferol per day, regardless of 25(OH)D status and genotype for this polymorphism probably increased the supply of vitamin D in examined children with a tendency to increase 25(OH)D in children with genotype by polymorphism rs2228570 VDR gene, which includes allele G. Conclusions. Vitamin D deficiency can be considered as a risk factor for the symptomatic course of COVID-19 in children, which requires monitoring and correction of vitamin D status, the effectiveness of which can be determined by the genotype of the rs2228570 polymorphism of the VDR gene. Further studies of the role of vitamin D / VDR complex in the development and severity of COVID-19 in children will significantly expand the understanding of the pathogenetic relationship, to suggest and predict the effectiveness of personalized vitamin D supplementation regimens. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of all participating institutions. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.


PURPOSE: A system and method for processing both a captured image and related information are provided to automatically store the information related to a subject when capturing an image through a mobile terminal. CONSTITUTION: A search server(30) searches the information related to a subject requested by a portable terminal(10). If a capture request signal is inputted, the portable terminal captures an image displayed on a screen. The portable terminal requests from the search server the information related to at least one subject within the captured image. The portable terminal obtains the information, and stores the information and the captured image.


In the present paper a construction of Cartesian authentication codes from orthogonal geometry are presented. The size parameters of the codes so constructed are computed. On assuming that both source states and encoding rules are chosen according to a uniform probability distribution, the probabilities P_Iand P_Sof a successful impersonation attack and a successful substitution attack of these codes are also computed respectively. The probabilities of successful impersonation attacks of the codes so constructed reach their lower bounds.


In this issue of Blood, Baba and colleagues characterize a residual pool ofCD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) surviving a nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen that undergo robust homeostatic expansion to limit the full potential of adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) for the treatment of cancer.


Abstract Although the ability of hypolimnetic oxygenation to enhance coldwater fish populations depends, in part, on the availability of prey within the hypolimnion, studies that evaluate both fish diets and prey distributions during treatment are rare. This paper compares the diet of cisco Coregonus artedi the dominant coldwater fish in Amisk Lake, Alberta, Canada, with the composition and vertical distribution of prey during the summers of 1989 and 1992 when one basin of this two-basin eutrophic lake was oxygenated; the second basin served as a reference. During periods of thermal stratification, ciscoes in the reference basin were restricted by hypoxia to epilimnetic and metalimnetic waters whereas those in the treated basin distributed into the hypolimnion, where dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations remained above 1.0 mg/L. Higher DO concentrations enabled ciscoes in the treated basin to feed throughout the water column and incorporate hypolimnetic and benthic prey species into their diets, whereas ci...


Over the recent years Russia has faced an astonishing economic growth, coinciding with the era of Vladimir Putin's presidentship. Accordingly, it is not surprising that commonly these rising economic trajectories are attributed to progress in terms of transition initiated and further triggered by Putin's government. This paper is trying to investigate empirically whether the current growth in Russia tends to be caused mainly by (1) success of transition or just by (2) favourable external circumstances such as rising prices for oil, gas, etc. Thus, analytically, progress in transition has been approximated by efficiency estimates, which are - from a theoretical point of view - expected to be rising in course of transition of a formerly planned economy towards a free market system. In order to capture potentially different trajectories of several sectors and regions industry and agriculture have been considered separately, each at regionally aggregated level over a period of 11 years. In general, little evidence of the anticipated rising trends could be found. Instead, notable ups, downs and divergences among regions and sectors were uncovered. According to this analysis, Russia's current growth rates cannot be attributed to general success of transition. Instead, besides reaping the benefits of favourable external circumstances at world markets, from an empirical point of view, scale effects and slightly rising productivity appear to be the main causes of the recent track record. Moreover, in the industry the trend is also triggered by technological progress, which may indicate the turnaround after a decade of decline and give a reason to believe in an initiation of a long-term growth process. Unfortunately, in agriculture little evidence for such a sustainable growth process was evident so far. In general, the inter-sectoral integration in Russia's economy seems to be still quite low.


The features and development of cryogenic treatment were described.The effects of the cryogenic treatment on the wear resistance of tool steel,other steels and cast iron materials were discussed.The development prospect and direction of the cryogenic treatment technique were presented.


This paper is concerned with energy saving effect of high-efficiency technologies in an industrial cooling plant system. In this paper, the cooling plant system introduced into a semiconductor facility is targeted, and the energy saving effect is studied by simulations. The system has turbo chillers with variable speed drive, heat recovery screw chillers with variable speed drive, assembled cooling towers, and also new control strategies for energy saving. The results of the simulations show that using these high-efficiency technologies can cut down the annual electric power consumption by about 30%. INTRODUCTION The industrial sector consumes about half of the energy used in Japan. In recent years, energy consumption and CO2 emission in semiconductor facilities producing integrated circuits, liquid crystal display, etc. is gradually increasing in proportion to increase of the amount of products. In these facilities, the cooling loads for air conditioning occur through a year because the internal heat generation is very large compared to one in an office building. It is therefore important to largely reduce the energy consumed in the cooling plant system. In the industrial cooling plant system targeted in this paper, various advanced technologies for saving energy are being introduced. This paper focuses on the industrial cooling plant system that uses high-efficiency technologies, and quantifies the energy saving effect by simulations. OUTLINE OF COOLING PLANT SYSTEM Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram and Table 1 shows the design parameters of the cooling plant system. The system mainly consists of turbo chillers with variable speed drive (turbo-chillers), heat recovery screw chillers with variable speed drive (screw-chillers), assembled cooling towers and pumps for cooling water and chilled water. The system operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. There are seven turbo-chillers in the system, which are two turbo-chillers for 5°C chilled water (R5-1 and R5-2, low temperature system) and five ones for 9°C chilled water (R9-1 to R9-5, high temperature system) because the production area needs 5°C chilled water and 9°C chilled water respectively. Figure 2 shows the performance curve of the turbo-chiller for 9°C chilled water. Conventional turbo chiller reaches highest efficiency as the partial load rate approaches 100%, but the COP (Co-efficient of Performance) of these turbo-chillers including ones for 5°C chilled water becomes higher at the time of the operating partial load. The maximum COP of the turbo-chiller for 9°C chilled water reaches close to 22.0 when the cooling water inlet temperature is 13°C and the partial load Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cooling plant system Eleventh International IBPSA Conference Glasgow, Scotland July 27-30, 2009


# Invasive plants have negative impacts on ecosystems worldwide. Several ecological studies have identified disturbance as a causative mechanism of plant invasions. Changes to natural disturbances and/or newly imposed disturbances can favour an invader over native species especially those that are better adapted to prior conditions. # 2. To link the disturbance ecology of invasives to their management, we investigated the benefit of incorporating actions that manipulate disturbance (natural or imposed) into control efforts. We developed a simple model that describes the dynamics of an invader whose establishment is preferentially favoured by disturbance. # 3. The model includes the probability of disturbance differentially affecting sites occupied by natives and invaders. Invaded sites are disturbed by alternative control measures, which act to kill and/or remove above-ground biomass and reduce the seed bank. We couched the model in a decision theory tool, stochastic dynamic programming, and applied it to the management of Mimosa pigra, a pan-tropical invasive perennial shrub. # 4. We found that targeting the above-ground biomass of the invader (current population) was optimal when the probability of disturbance of native sites and the invader seed bank size were low to moderate. When both the rate of disturbance of native sites and invader seed banks were high, the best measure was that with the highest probability of reducing the seed bank (future populations). This measure was optimal despite its trade-off of having the highest probability of reinvasion. # 5. Synthesis and applications. Manipulation of disturbance regimes in both native and invaded sites can simplify control efforts. If there is a high probability that native vegetation will be disturbed, then management efforts should focus on future populations by attempting to reduce the size of the invader seed bank. This complicates control, as seed bank size is difficult to measure and reducing it requires intensive actions, which are likely to also negatively affect the seed bank of native species. If, however, the probability of disturbance of native sites can be reduced, practitioners can shift control from future populations to the current population, which is more straightforward to implement and monitor


An objective index for quality estimation of anchovy sauce, our traditional seafood, has been required because inadequate standard causes dispute about quality estimation. Qualities of anchovy sauce made by traditional method and commercial anchor sauce products were compared by investigating their proximate compositions, total nitrogen contents, amino acid contents, development and level of a specific peptide on SDS-polyacrylamde gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and isoelectric point (pI) of the specific peptide. Also, pIs of IEF were attemped to identify fish species of salt-fermented sauces. The 55,600 and 46,900 dalton of peptide band were identified in all experimental samples. Especially, the area of 55,600 dalton was closely correlated with total nitrogen contents. Also, specific pIs in accordance with fish species were identified. The results suggest that correlation between area of 55,600 dalton and total nitrogen contents are used of index for quality estimation, and specific pIs are used of fish species identification.


The article is dedicated to objects in precious metal made after Viktor Vasnetsov's designs at the turn of the twentieth century. It discusses several creations known to be by Vasnetsov, and others which are likely to be attributable to him. The collaboration between Vasnetsov and Russian silversmiths such as Postnikov, Ovchinnikov, and Fabergé is analyzed on the basis of letters preserved in the collections of the State Tretyakov Gallery and the Viktor Vasnetsov Museum in Moscow, and newspaper reports of the period. The following artworks are discussed in detail, with special attention paid to the history of their creation: two presentational dishes of 1896, one for the Coronation of Emperor Nicholas II and one for the "All-Russian Industrial and Art Exhibition" of Nizhnii Novgorod, the khorugv (religious banner) for the coffin of Emperor Alexander III, the presentational dish of 1902 for French President Emile Loubet, the bronze and enamel iconostasis for the Cathedral of St. George in the town of Gus-Khrustalnyi, and the so-called "Ivan Kalita" bowl.


A corner coupling structure of a rubber dam frame is provided to improve the airtightness of a rubber dam and to prevent the outflow of offensive odor from a pipeline by forming an opening on the corner of a ceiling slab and sealing up with a rubber stopper to form an installation space of a rubber dam frame and installing a rubber dam frame to the corner of a ceiling slab not to form a space between the top corner of a rubber dam and the corner of a ceiling slab. A corner coupling structure of a rubber dam frame contains an opening(12) formed on the corner of a ceiling slab(10) to secure a space for installing a rubber dam frame and equipped with an L-shaped angle and an end projection(12a), a sealing unit(15) coupled to the opening of the ceiling slab to be separable and composed of a rubber stopper(15b) inserted to the lower part of the opening to seal up the opening tightly and a manhole cover(15a) fixed to the top of the rubber stopper and provided with a rectangular groove to lift upward, and a frame housing groove formed on the base of the sealing unit to house the top of the rubber dam frame.


Among several thermal wood modification methods German oil heating technology was applied for color changing larch and paulowniawood specimens. They were heat treated at 200°C for 3 hours in an autoclave filled with linseed oil. The CIE L*a*b* color indexes of the shells and cores of the oil heated specimens were measured. The color difference indexes between the oil heated and the control specimens of larch and paulowniawood were in the range of 6 and 12, which implies considerably different. The color difference indexes between the core layers of the larch and paulowniawood specimens were 4.3 and 1.7, respectively. It could be concluded that the specimens of the two species were color changed uniformly by oil heating.


The potential effect of intensive traffic on detrimental element contents in soil and vegetation was investigated in the vicinity of a selected section (1 km) of a highly frequented highway as affected by the distance from the roadway (1 m, 35 m, and 70 m). Aqua regia and 0.11 mol/L acetic acid soluble contents of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn in soils and total contents of these elements in the aboveground biomass of Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae) and Vicia cracca L. (Fabaceae) were determined. The main physicochemical parameters of the soils were determined, as well. The element contents did not exceed the maximum permissible limits for both soils and plants (evaluated as fodder crops). Moreover, high variability of element contents in soils and plants, and soil characteristics did not allow us to estimate the rate of potential effect of road traffic. Some of the elements however tightly related to atmos pheric deposition caused by traffic such as Pb and Zn tended to decrease in soils with increasing distance from the roadway.


This paper aims to present a method proposal to identify and describe public policies problems. Starting from the Law and Public Policy (LPP) approach, which seeks to understand the legal structuring of governmental action programs in their political-institutional context, and considering that there are limitations of the Reference Framework of a Public Policy (BUCCI, 2015), for the analysis of non-structured programs or programs in process of structuring, this article proposes a complementary tool for systematizing information for a legal-institutional analysis of problem-situations related to governmental action programs. The proposed method suggests means for identification of interest groups, decision-making processes and institutions that are involved in the object of analysis, in order to identify and delimit the most relevant and distinctive aspects for the legal study of a public problem, aiming to prospective action.


Software‐defined networking (SDN) concept provides many features including hardware abstraction, programmable networking and centralized policy control. This allows benefiting from recently developed open source frameworks to build service platforms from a dynamic softwarized ecosystem of networking. There are two major technologies for building the next generation mobile network: Radio Access Network (RAN) sharing and Cloud RAN (C‐RAN). RAN sharing ensures efficient usage of network equipment among multiple mobile network operators (MNOs) and C‐RAN benefits installation, evolution, management, and performance improvements. One of the main benefits that can be used along with these features is dynamic virtualization of RAN and core/backhaul networks to ensure network sharing among multiple MNOs for efficient usage of their network infrastructures. In this work, we propose an SDN‐based C‐RAN architecture managed by C‐RAN controllers, which are integrated with a virtualization controller that is crucial for core/backhaul network sharing of the proposed next generation cellular network architecture. We further provide a use case study of shared mobile architecture for channel‐aware remote radio head (RRH) assignment to multiple MNOs. Two C‐RAN–aided cooperative algorithms, named ANCESTOR and MORGAN, that ensure load balancing among RRHs and better received signal strength levels are provided. Moreover, by selecting MNO assignments judiciously, MORGAN is shown to converge to a pure strategy Nash Equilibrium with high probability in the shared network architecture. The results reveal the proposed methods' performance advantages over static distribution and convergence properties.


PART 1 - 21C LEADER 2. The janusian leader 3. Sensational leadership 4. Leadership as collective genius 5. The dualistic leader: thriving on paradox 6. The value based Edu leader 7. Mastery: The critical advantage 8. Mind sets for mangers PART 2 - 21C PROCESSES 9. Value creation: the new millennium management manifesto 10. Emerging work of managers 11. Ultra - rapid management processes 12. Knowledge leadership 13. Future leadership development 14. Communities of leaders or no leadership at all PART 3-21C ORGANIZATION 15. The customized workplace 16. The creative web 17. Context, capability and response 18. Kaleidoscope thinking


In the paper the results of the analysis of propaga tion of the low-frequency electromagnetic waves across the multilayer cylindrical shell are presented. The mathematical model of non-local bilateral boundary cond itions of multilayer cylindrical shells was created. These non-local bilateral bound ary conditions describe the penetration of low-frequency electromagnetic waves acr oss layers of the shell. The method of transformation of the boundary problem to the integral Fredholm equations of the second kind was developed. Furthermore, the value of efficiency coefficient of the shell was calculated. Analytical tra nsformations are based on the Bessel functions.


Acute effect of heavy metals exposure on lipid profile of male albino wistar rats was evaluated. Sixteen (16) animals weighing 292-298g were randomly assigned four groups of four rats each. Groups 1 and 2 were orally treated ones with 40 percent below the lethal doses (LD50) of Lead and Mercury respectively. Group 3 was treated with both heavy metals (20 percent below the LD50 each of the metals). Group 4 was not treated with either of the heavy metals and served as control. Each group of animals was allow free access to commercial rat mash and water for one week that the study lasted. After the 7 days experimentation, the results revealed a non-significant increase (P > 0.05) in serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol in group 1 when compared to the control. A significant decrease in serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P < 0.05) in group 1 was recorded when compared to the control. Groups 2 and 3 animals died 24 hours and 48 hours respectively after treatment. The implications of these results are discussed.


This talk is an update to a previously given presentation [ 1850–1851 (A) (1993)] in which a first‐pass model for the penetration of sonic boom noise into the ocean was described. Since that presentation was given, a number of refinements to the theory have been identified, the primary of which is the effect of aircraft Mach number on the duration of the sonic boom. The general trend for aircraft flying at a fixed altitude is that the evanescent acoustic wave underwater due to a sonic boom penetrates more deeply for increased aircraft speeds [ 159–162 (1995)]. Other refinements currently under development include appropriate initial models for sound level decay as a function of depth and for focusing and defocusing of the penetrating sonic boom noise by ''frozen'' sinusoidal and trochoidal ocean surface waves. [Work supported by NASA Research Grant NAG‐1‐1638.]


This paper reflects on findings from a number of consultation exercises that were undertaken on behalf of the Autism Education Trust (AET) in the development of nationally recognised training materials, school standards and practitioner competencies, as well as pilot studies conducted in the course of a wider thesis regarding a phenomenological and discursive analysis of educational narratives regarding autistic learners, with the aim to uncover common ground and tensions between stakeholder groups in order to provide recommendations for practice. These studies included surveys and interviews with parents, practitioners and autistic people, and a collaborative action research project with autistic adults.

Contested narratives regarding best educational practice for autistic learners reflect wider narrative constructions of autism, ranging from a description of autism as a medically defined disorder which affects normal social functioning in need of intervention, to a diverse neurological style that needs to be understood and interacted with on more equal terms. Thus the ontology of what autism pertains to leads to the construction of very differing accounts of inclusion and what counts as social justice for autistic people.

It is argued here, that it is essential for the dominance of cognitive-behavioural accounts of autistic deficit within educational theory and practice to be challenged, so that autistic people do not develop feeling devalued for who they are due a vicious circle of psycho-emotional disablement (Reeve, 2011) that the implementation of such practices can create. To reverse the circle there needs to be a fundamental change in the ideology of educational theory and practice from one of behavioural modification to fit into society, to one of mutual respect. In keeping with other autistic self-advocates, this paper will refer to 'autistic people', and 'those who identify as on the autism spectrum', rather than 'people with autism'.


Taking the planning for the urban landscape in Linfen as the example,the paper analyzes from the urban culture,the urban aesthetics,and semiotics,and points out the reshaping of the urban landscape in Linfen from the planning as the core,so as to have the personal urban landscape.


Secured credit is a well known and deep-rooted institution. The basic premise is straightforward. A debtor gives her creditor a proprietary interest in one or more of her assets on the understanding that if she defaults the creditor can look to the liquidated value of those assets to satisfy the debt. In today's information and technology dominated economies, intellectual property rights (IPRs) are an increasingly significant component of the asset base of many prospective borrowers. Valuation and validation issues contribute to the reticence of financers to lend against the value of IPRs. However, an equal if not greater obstacle to IPR financing is the undeveloped and uncertain state of the applicable legal framework everywhere. This paper comes down solidly in favour of incorporating IPRs within the same secured transactions framework that applies to other categories of intangible movables. Indeed, I go further and advocate extension of that framework to outright assignments of IPRs by analogy to the approach taken in the area of receivables financing.


A child encountering difficulty in watching three-dimensional (3D) stereoscopic displays could have an underlying ocular disorder. It is therefore valuable to understand the differential diagnoses and so conduct an appropriate clinical assessment to address concerns about poor 3D vision.


Abstract In the present paper, we describe an approach to identify the location and the extent of the damage introduced into the steel frame, using a two-step procedure. In the first step, the measured dynamic response of the original undamaged structure was used to generate a reference finite element (FE) model of the structure. The selected parameters were identified by means of a mathematical optimisation algorithm ('updating procedure'), minimising an objective function containing the test/analyses differences of eigenfrequencies and mode shapes. The uncertain model parameters had to be chosen with care in order to retain the physical significance of the updated model. In the next step, the experimental modal data of the damaged structure were used to identify the extent of the damages. This was based on comparing the changes of stiffness parameters identified from the undamaged and the damaged structure. With the identified parameters, the FE model was able to reproduce the experimental data as close as possible and allowed the identification of the extent of the damage.


This research is about the mitigation or prevention of social disasters based on local wisdom that occurred in the Wadaslintang area, Wonosobo Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach. Data were collected through this research method using the method of literature study or literature study. This method was chosen because of the short research time and to find references on the basis of theories that are relevant to the cases or problems found. This study aims to determine one of the local wisdoms used to prevent social disasters. The results showed that: (a). The slamatan (tumpengan) which is given the name buceng stands for "nyebuto sing kenceng" which means praying together in earnest, which is exchanged for those present which is interpreted as friendship, mutual cooperation and kinship between members of the community so that they live safely, securely, and peacefully.  (b). Wayang kulit performances at night are a means of learning for the younger generation to love the noble culture. Wayang as a spectacle (entertainment) as well as a guide (example) to be implemented in everyday life for the good things, and shunned for the bad things. The main obstacle in implementing the Merdi Desa tradition is funds (finance) because in its implementation it requires relatively large funds, and public awareness of contributions is decreasing.


This article establishes that the bilateral Real Exchange Rates (RERs) of the Malawi kwacha mostly follow a nonlinear trend-stationary process in line with the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) hypothesis. The argument that the PPP hypothesis may be enhanced by the geographical proximity of countries is partially supported.


The researches on urban social structure have been done since 1940s in the West.There have been many studies of the social structure of major cities by using the data of the Fifth National Population Census at the sub-district level recently in China.Because of limited and unavailable data in the Modern Era,most of studies were confined to the study of urban social structure in the transition period of 1980s-2000s.The research fruits of urban social areas on China's city are rather limited.This paper studies the social spatial structure of Nanjing through factorial ecological analysis and cluster analysis based on the data of the census survey in 1929 and 1947 in Nanjing.According to the factor scores in these two years,Nanjing City could be divided into three types of social area in 1929 and four types in 1947.Three types of social area in 1929 included:1)Low density,government and education function social areas;2)High density,crowdedly inhabited social areas;3)Slum in the periphery of Nanjing.Four types of social area in 1947 included:1)High density,mixed function social areas;2)Low density,urban developmental social areas;3)Slum composing floating population social areas;4)Low density,agricultural social areas.The social structure of Nanjing had evolved from 1929 to 1947.In 1929,the main components of social structure in Nanjing included:urban commercial and inhabited factor,urban governmental and educational factor and urban religion factor.In 1947,the main components of social structure in Nanjing included:urban commercial and inhabited factor,urban governmental and educational factor,agricultural factor and floating population factor.From the comparison of the above-mentioned,it can be seen one of the social structure components-the religion factor disappeared in 1947 while the floating population factor and the agriculture population factor became the principle components.In 1947,the number of the components of social structure and the types of social areas in Nanjing were more complicated than in 1929.In a word,the main components,types and model of social areas in Nanjing in 1947 changed a lot,The evolution of social structure in Nanjing displays the inconsistency and the breakpoint in the process of the Modern Era.In a way,the mixed inhabited model of Chinese traditional city was broken,the urban industrial zone and the habitation zone were separated.But the habitation zone and the commercial zone exited in same district and were tied up in Nanjing.And the evolution of social structure in Nanjing was forced by the capital urban planning.