A 0.22 THz sine waveguide TWT is designed to develop the high power terahertz radio source. The simulation results reveal that with the sheet electron beam parameters of 20.8-kV and 100mA, the maximum output power and interaction efficiency can reach 90.59W and 4.36%, respectively.


We compared in our laboratories and in the field precipitated silicas having different specific surface area and/or dispersibilities. An NR truck tyre tread with precipitated silica improves rolling resistance, heat generation and high severity wear. A high dispersibility precipitated silica is better. Only a partial substitution of carbon black by a high specific surface area silica together with adjustment of the formula allows better tread wear performance for all severities together with lower rolling resistance and maintained wet traction.


Small electric vehicle (EV) with two in-wheel motors employed hydraulic brake system at the front tires and mechanical brake system at the rear tires. The mechanical brake system is installed at the rear tire due to the space limitation for the hydraulic brake system. Although mechanical brake system is compact, the response performance of mechanical brake system is lower than hydraulic brake system. During braking in slippery condition, the stability and safety of small EV will be lost. In this study, to enhance the braking performance of small EV, the sliding mode control (SMC) approach is proposed. The slip ratio is used in the SMC control method to determine the sliding condition of the vehicle. If the slip ratio is not in the optimum range, the SMC will be activated to control the valve in the hydraulic control unit. Based on the signal from the SMC, the valve will open or close to increase, decrease or hold the brake pressure. The analysis has been done in the Matlab Simulink and the result shows that by using SMC, the tires were not lockup and the slip ratio is in the optimum range.


Armando Ramirez's Pu (1977) or, as it was reissued in 1980, Violaci?n en Polanco marks a stunning chapter in the development of Mexican literature that considers the issue of ra? cial/cultural identity of Indians. This had been a type of presumably dated fiction considered bordering on the obsolete in Mexican letters since the early 1960s. Diverging completely from any of the previous canonical indianist or indigenous novels in Mexico's literary history, Pu demands to be seen as an angry representation of the long-term suffering and the simmering repressed hatred of the descendents of Nezahualc?yotl, Motecuhzoma, and Cuauhtemoc against the culture of their oppressors. Their enemy is a composite from the past (the invading Span? iards), the immediate present (the upper classes that prefer to not see the pitiful circumstances of the indigenous poor), and the post-revolutionary institutions (any of the successive Mexican governments of the years leading up to the novel's publication). The work is gripping, graphic, and brutal in its depiction of three Mexican men, shown to identify with their indigenous background, who kidnap, rape, beat, and finally murder an upper class white woman in a bloody joint sacrifice designed to avenge their ancestors for the indigna? tion and humiliation that the Indians have had to endure for centuries. Before her death, which is inexorable from the beginning, she is forced to look at, to really see, the despicable living


The classical theory of high speed jet and long rod penetration assumes incompressibility of both projectile and target. We extend here previous analyses of the implications of finite compressibility by including the effect of stationary shocks. For uniform projectile velocities V≲6×103 ms−1, depending on the type of target material, the total effect of compressibility is in the order of 10% or less, and is well approximated by the volume compressison work considered in the previous analyses [A. Coombs, private communication, Royal Air Force Research and Development Establishment, 1978; B. S. Haugstad, J. Appl. Phys. 52, 1243 (1981)]. At higher velocities shocks play an increasingly dominant role, contributing at least equally to the total compressibility effect at V≲104 ms−1. At these velocities there is a reduction in penetration depth of 10–20% in targets of aluminium or lead, while for plexiglass a full 35% reduction is predicted. Targets of lead or plexiglass experience local melting or even sublimat...


By using the method of fault tree analysis,this paper analyses the causes of fire and explosion of catalying cracking reactor and regeneration,draws the fault trees of fire and explosion accidents of catalyzing cracking reactor and regeneration respectively,calculates the structure importance,makes the structure importance arrangement according to the structure importance and the least path set,puts forward the prevention measures,and provides the reliable theoretical basis for the safety control of enterprises.


This volume contains the papers presented at the 19th Workshop on Logic- based methods in Programming Environments (WLPE'09), which was held in Pasadena, USA, on July 14th, 2009.
WLPE aims at providing an informal meeting for researchers working on logic-based methods and tools which support program development and analy- sis. This year, we have continued and consolidated the shift in focus from en- vironmental tools for logic programming to logic-based environmental tools for programming in general, so that this workshop can be possibly interesting for a wider scientific community.
All the papers submitted to WLPE'09 have gone through a careful process of peer reviewing, with at least three reviews for each paper and a subsequent in-depth discussion in the Program Committee.


Earnings management has become a popular practice among managers but despite its pervasiveness, it can still be difficult for the investors to detect due to the complexity of accounting rules. The practice has its social consequences that range from loss of investment by shareholders to total corporate failure. The main objective of this study was to investigate the prevailing practice of earnings management when Nigerian firms are about to issue shares to the public and after the issues. Specifically, the study (i) examined Nigeria firms engagement in earnings management when they are about to issue shares; and (ii) examined the extent, Nigeria firms engage in earnings management. The study covered the period between 2004 and 2011. Secondary data were employed and analyzed through panel estimated generalized least square (Cross-section random effects) method of regression analysis. The study found significant levels of earnings management (above 5% of total assets) in all the firms over the period of study, so, the study recommendes among others that the concerned regulatory agencies like The Nigerian Stock Exchange and the Security and Exchange Commission should make it mandatory for any firm that wants to issue shares to the public to include in its prospectus, a statement by the directors or professional accountant that its financial statement is free from managed earnings. The study therefore concludes that if the recommendations are implemented, earnings management before and after public offering could be reduced marginally.


ISSN 1758-1907 10.2217/DMT.11.12 © 2011 Future Medicine Ltd Diabetes Manage. (2011) 1(3), 255–257 Type 2 diabetes is a multifactorial disease that is caused by the disruption of inter organ networks. These disruptions lead to absolute and/or relative deficiencies in the actions of insulin due to either a genetic disposition or environmental factors. Recent studies have unraveled humoral and nutritional factors, and a neuronal pathway that may govern such inter organ networks [1]. The disruption of these interorgan networks leads to insulin resistance. Several organ-derived bioactive mediators, such as reactive oxygen species, fatty acids, plasminogen activator-1 and cytokines/hormones secreted from the liver and adipose tissue, may cause oxidative stress and thereby promote insulin resistance and vascular complications [2]. Insulin resistance is an underlying feature involved in the pathogenesis of Type 2 diabetes and its related vascular complications. Specifically, the liver plays a central role in energy homeostasis and is a major source of bioactive secretory proteins that contribute to the pathophysiology of diabetes and subsequent complications. Therefore, comprehensive gene expression analyses of the liver are important steps for understanding the molecular signature of Type 2 diabetes. By using an in-house cDNA microarray, we found that hepatic expression of genes encoding angiogenic factors, fibrogenic factors and redox-associated factors are altered in people with Type 2 diabetes compared with those without diabetes [3–6]. This differential expression may contribute to the pathophysio logy of Type 2 diabetes and its clinical manifestations. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that in a manner analogous to adipose tissues [7] the liver may also contribute to the development of diabetes and insulin resistance through the production of secretory proteins, termed hepatokines. To identify a novel hepatokine, we first applied a serial ana lysis of gene expression (SAGE) technique that makes it possible to compare tag levels among independent libraries and to identify previously unrecognized genes encoding hepatokines that may regulate the pathophysio logy of diabetes [8]. Samples for SAGE were obtained from five patients with Type 2 diabetes


The Strasbourg based Council of Europe has issued a guide on the decision making process regarding medical treatment in end of life situations.1

The 34 page publication did not address euthanasia or assisted suicide, but it summarised the principles that could be applied to decisions on medical treatment when "a severe deterioration in health, due to the evolution of a disease or another cause, threatens the life of a person irreversibly in the near future."

In such situations the main purpose of any medical treatment is palliative—focusing on the quality of life or, …


Financial literacy is an essential life skill. Money management is a critical intellectual competency and an essential component of a student's success in life. If the purpose of education is to prepare a child for the future, knowledge of personal finance cannot be left out of the curriculum. However, our education system is not geared to impart financial literacy. It teaches our kids Science, Economics, Humanities and Mathematics but does not prepare them for the real world. What come out of the assembly line are the professionals who earn well but have low money management skills. Even IIT grads, Software Engineers and those in the financial services sector are all at sea when it comes to investments, tax planning or saving for retirement. They learn their money lessons the hard way by burning their fingers, which can dent their financial future.


The author did his research in Peru, exhausted Peruvian sources, embellished his ideas with references from all types of books and articles on Latin America, painstakingly laid out his chapters, and approached his subject matter with methodological zest. The complexity of topics is not glossed over, and the demands of a dissertation and the author's sophistication prevents him from adopting a completely static and deterministic viewpoint of Peruvian society. The carefulness of Professor Astiz is seen in many chapters. He devotes considerable attention to describing the importance and interest articulation of the coastal plutocracy, the Sierra landed aristocracy, the industrial upper class, the middle classes, the Sierra rural Indians, the coastal landed workers, the urban workers, and the shantytown urban inhabitants. The discussion of political parties perceptively describes and accounts for the increasing conservatism of the APRA party, and also related how Accion Popular and the Union Nacional Odriista parties have either been related to or been effectively neutralized by the ruling elites. Most important, the author describes historically the complex relations between the military and the coastal plutocracy, and recognizes that the military has at times gone its own way, especially due to the influence of the Center of High Military Studies. With all this said, however, Professor Astiz has been proven wrong in his basic conceptualization that the enormous political strength of the coastal plutocracy and Sierra landed aristocracy would prevent social reform. Since the publication of the book, General, Juan Velasco Alvarado, the leader of Peru since the military coup of October, 1968, haa decreed the governmental nationalization of coastal sugar and cotton plantations and has taken other measures that would indicate a revolutionary fervor on social problems. This raises the question of what was deficient in the book. Some ideas can be mentioned. First, this reviewer would question the author's premise that the coastal plutocracy is so solidly united and that it has co-opted all of the important military men, party leaders, industrialists, mass media directors, and important bureaucratic leaders into its way of thinking through interpersonal connections, plush clubs in Lima, marriages, etc. Professor Astiz develops this idea in his important Chapter 9 by stating that the ruling elites themselves formulate policy in key interest groups (National Agrarian Society, etc.), then informally work it out with those who have been co-opted in the three plush cluba of Lima, and finally disseminated the policy in a biased way through the controlled media. Professor Astiz makes this assumption on the membership lists of the three plush Lima clubs. This doesn't go far enough, and what is needed is a sophisticated power elite study, and an exhaustive study of how the interest groups, which are barely mentioned, actually work. Chapter 9 should have been the beginning chapter of the book and a springboard for everything that followed. A power elite analysis perhaps could have combined a reputational study approach with a depth analysis of a few key decisions. The author does have a few pages on the land reform bill and the devaluation of the Peruvian soil, relating it to his premise of control by the ruling elites, but these cases are not developed with the methodological sophistication one finds in the usual power elite studies. A power elite study would have also enabled Professor Astiz to determine whether the institutions of the presidency and congress have any independent influence in their own right. This idea is basically rejected since the two institutions are ignored in the book. Yet, Professor James Payne in Labor and Politics in Peru sees the office of the presidency as the center of political power and argues that oligarchical influence is absent on labor and many other issues. A second criticism is that the study of the military is not specific enough in respect to factionalism, the class background of officers, and the role of the Center of High Military Studies. General Velasco Alvarado, for example, may be an unusual case in that he came from a working class family (Professor Astiz stresses the middle class origins of the military), but this has been one factor affecting his motivation. Finally, the importance of nationalism is not really foreseen by the author, even in his postcript chapter on the military coup and the nationalization of oil. Yet Velasco is riding a nationalist wave that he helped to create, and is using it to undercut the opposition and to build up support for further social reforms and his own popularity.—ROBERT D. TOMASEK, The University of Kansas.


This paper reports an electronic nose for the determination of formaldehyde based on the fuzzy neural network.By combining a gas sensor array with the fuzzy neural network,the fuzzy neural network model is applied to the quantitative analysis in the formaldehyde electronic nose,which is realized in this paper.The experiment shows a small mean relative error of 0.197 086 in the range of 0.01×10-6~50×10-6.


Regional entrepreneurs - group plays an important function in changing between the traditional agricultural culture and the regional entrepreneur economic - culture. But the birth of entrepreneurs - group benefit from regional entrepreneurs′ economic cultural atmosphere and the regional entrepreneurs′ economic - culture decide the birth speed and quantity of entrepreneurs - group. Therefore,the two are symbiotic.


In this paper we demonstrate, using density-functional tight-binding theory, that certain classes of siliconbased tubular nanostructures are stable and energetically viable. Specifically, we consider silicide and SiH nanotubes. The structures adopted by these nanotubes are very similar to those of previously reported phosphorus nanotubes. As in that case, the Si-based nanotubes have a semiconducting gap, which in contrast to carbon nanotubes is largely independent of the tube diameter and chirality. We further report on the mechanical properties of the Si-based nanotubes and suggest possible routes towards their synthesis.


Electrokinetics is the study of the motion of bulk fluids or selected particles embedded in fluids when they are subjected to electric fields. With the recent developments in microfabrication, electrokinetics provides effective manipulation techniques in the micro and nano domains, which matches the length scale of various biological objects. The ability to manipulate objects down to molecular levels opens new avenues to exploit biological science and technology. Understanding of the fundamental characteristics and limitations of the forces becomes a crucial issue for successful applications of these force fields. In this paper, we review and examine the range of influence for electrokinetically manipulated biological objects in microdevices, which can lead to interesting applications in biotechnology.


Megaplasmids of Azospirillum strains isolated in the Korean paddy field were identified. Five megaplasmids were identified from Azospirillum lipoferum AS192. Homology between nod ABC gene of Rhizobium meliloti and megaplasmids of Azospirillum lipoferum AS192 and Azospirillum brasilense AS112 was found. This observation might have reflected a common mechanism in the early process of soil bacterial association with plants.


The application of an atomic force microscope (AFM) based microcantilever system for the determination of mass of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has been demonstrated. In this system, standard AFM microcantilevers for measurements in vacuum have been employed. The limit of mass determination with our AFM-based system has been determined to be of the order of 10-10 g. The prospects of employing AFM cantilever-based sensors for highly sensitive protein detection in proteomic studies and in diagnostics have been discussed.


This paper analyses three aspects of the share market operated by the Lima Stock Exchange: (i) the short-term relationship between the pricing, direction and volume of order flows; (ii) the components of the spread and the equilibrium point of the limit order book per share, and (iii) the pricing, order direction and trading volume dynamic resulting from shocks in the same variables when lagged. The econometric results for intraday data from 2012 show that the short-run dynamic of the most and least liquid shares in the General Index of the Lima Stock Exchange is explained by the direction of order flow, whose price impact is temporary in both cases.


To identify the epidemiological situation in the Krasnodar region, the following activities were carried out: a) analysis of statistical data kindly provided to us by the Office of the Federal state statistics Service for the Krasnodar region in the last five years (2015–2019); b) analysis of the results of coprological studies of faecal smears; as well as the results of blood serum tests for serological diagnostics of children and adults, conducted in the laboratories of the GBUZ regional hospital No. 2 and KBUZ Research Institute – Regional clinical hospital No. 1, as well as in the laboratory of the emergency care hospital of Krasnodar city. Based on our research, we identified two categories of the population, of different age groups, most susceptible to the disease ascariasis. The first group is children 7–16 years old, students of Junior and senior classes of city schools and the second group is adults – from 18 years and older, students of colleges, technical schools, and working people. In the first group, the peak of infestation of children with ascariasis occurred in 2018, it reached 23.1% per 100,000 people surveyed. In 2019, it was lower than 22.8%, but still quite large. In the second group, the rise of the disease occurred in 2016, it amounted to 17.5%, in subsequent years, the decline of ascariasis is noticeable.


A multi-objective optimization method for Job-shop scheduling is proposed.In the method,an optimal Job-shop scheduling model is established.The objective of the model is to minimize the Average Flow Time(AFT)and overall completion time(makespan) of all workpieces.Aiming at the model,a taboo searching algorithm based on multi-stage hybrid mutation is proposed.To improve the convergence of the algorithm,inverse order mutation and gene segment swap mutation is used to find a good original solution,based on which gene swap mutation is used to find the approximate optimal solution. The algorithm is applied to ten benchmark Job-shop examples,and the result validates the correctness and effectiveness of the optimization method proposed in this paper.


Much of the work in developing process, methods, and tools for systems engineering (SE) has been performed in, or on behalf of, the defense and aerospace business domains. It is shown in this paper that there are significant differences in how systems are developed in these traditional domains of SE versus the telecommunications industry. Because of this, there will be difficulty in implementing "standard" SE process, methods, and tools in other domains than defense and aerospace. In order to successfully "transition" good SE practices to other domains, it is essential that the differences in implementation be understood and accounted for.


Environmental policy makers are interested in ways to prevent environmental degradation without significantly limiting economic and social development. Increasingly, market-based instruments are being incorporated into the suite of policy tools to accomplish these aims. However, the lack of information on market-based instruments accessible to non-economists limits understanding of how and when a market-based instrument can be integrated into a traditional policy regime. This paper aims to address the lack of accessible information using a generic screening process for policy instruments demonstrated through application to a non-point source pollution problem in Lake Taupo, New Zealand.


Since the first computer is invented, we are seeking for ways to raise the performance of processors. But the penalty caused by branch instruction is still a problem. Therefore, this thesis mainly describes the implementation of a low branch penalty processor. The structure we used is basically based on the basic and classic five-stage processor that would be introduced along with its five stages. We separate this structure into two parts: functional blocks, which are the blocks that responsible for the operations in each stage, and the control blocks, which are in charge of the control of the whole design so that the execution flow could work correctly. Besides, the three kinds of hazards (structural hazard, data hazard, and branch hazard) and the method to solve them are also referred. The branch predictor and branch target buffer are also presented. We took the cell-based design flow as our implementation way. We also show the main point of this cell-based design flow, the way we transform a design into a chip. And then we present the simulation results of the design. UMC 0.18um 1p6m CMOS technology is used to implement this chip. At last we show the measurement result. This chip can work up to 65MHz with its area of 1765.74(um) x 1652.32(um) and support 37 instruction sets.


This paper experimentally analyzes the influence of temperature and type of matrix on the delamination process of two composites subjected to fatigue loading through the study of their fracture under mode I. The chosen temperatures for the experiments were 20 (room temperature), 50 and 90oC. The experimental study determines the influence that temperature has on the onset of delamination for the entire range of fatigue life of the material, from the low number of cycles zone to the high number of cycles zone. That is, it enabled the plotting of fatigue curves, represented as GImax-N, for an asymmetry coefficient of 0.2 The experimental data obtained were treated with a probabilistic model based on a Weibull distribution which allowed the identification of relevant aspects of the fatigue behavior of the materials such as the estimation of fatigue strength for periods greater than the tested values and the analysis of the reliability of the results.


In the development of various large-scale sensor systems, a particularly challenging problem is how to dynamically organize the sensors into a wireless communication network and route sensed information from the field sensors to a remote base station. This paper presents a new energy-efficient dynamic clustering technique for large-scale sensor networks. By monitoring the received signal power from its neighboring nodes, each node estimates the number of active nodes in realtime and computes its optimal probability of becoming a cluster head, so that the amount of energy spent in both intra- and inter-cluster communications can be minimized. Based on the clustered architecture, this paper also proposes a simple multihop routing algorithm that is designed to be both energy-efficient and power-aware, so as to prolong the network lifetime. The new clustering and routing algorithms scale well and converge fast for large-scale dynamic sensor networks, as shown by our extensive simulation results.


This article begins by evoking Ruth First's influence on South Africa, and later in Mozambique, in compelling personal terms. Ruth First was an important commentator on the Alexandra Bus Boycott of 1957, in which the author participated. Some 20 years later, the author was recruited by First to the CEA, where he worked with Ruth First and others on labour migration, forced labour and on the newly established communal villages and agricultural producer cooperatives. First, although heavily involved in administration, nevertheless managed to find time for fieldwork of this kind. The author contributed to ongoing fieldwork at the CEA, and his results were fed into the teaching through his contribution of interviews, work songs and other material for the Mozambican Miner, later published as Black Gold. Examples are given of the directness of Ruth's criticisms, and of her sympathy for ordinary Mozambicans. The article concludes with recollections of responses made to the author on Ruth's death.


Purpose: The main objective of this chapter is to identify the role of central banks in managing the crisis created by the Covid-19 pandemic. In order to explore this subject, the chapter attempts to identify similarities and differences in the behavior of selected central banks, those most important from the viewpoint of the global economy. Design/methodology/approach: The study encompassed 29 countries, mostly European economies (16) and other economies that bear the impact on the global output. The empirical analysis was based on k-means clustering analysis, which enabled us to identify groups of countries that followed similar solutions in response to the Covid-19 crisis. Findings: The analysis conducted in this chapter indicates the diverse nature of central banks' policies and, in many cases, to aspecific bias toward an increase in monetary or financial policies. The intensification of the use of the tools of certain policies must be seen from the perspective of the purpose of those policies, but also in the context of the legal or statutory constraints imposed on central banks. Research limitations/implications: An interesting direction of research into the diverse nature of central bank policies will undoubtedly be to seek answers to the question of the effectiveness of these policies in the context of crisis. Such astudy, carried out ex post, may provide astarting point for designing future central bank crisis policy and implementing institutional solutions of anational or even supranational nature. Originality and value: The chapter shed some light on the regulatory and statutory sphere of central banking. We may clearly state that key central banks of the world do not operate within the framework of asingle universal rule and that there simultaneously is no optimal combination of crisis policy tools even for the same crisis. Therefore, when looking for regulatory and legal solutions, we should treat each case individually by designing regulations in away that corresponds to the specific features and conditions prevailing in the given financial and economic system.


Extensive research has been carried out for the role played by anticipation in human cognition (Brône 2012; Coulson 2005; Huron 2006). Employing the terms "anticipation" and "expectation" interchangeably, these studies emphasize only the temporal sequentiality between elements taking place at different points in time, a relation parallel to the progression of time. In modes of communication where simultaneous events are possible, however, there exists a similar but distinct relation between elements simultaneously represented in time. This is expectation, a relation perpendicular to the progression of time. Ubiquitous and indispensable for our understanding of the most ordinary, the relation of expectation has hardly been recognized let alone analyzed in the literature. In view of this, in the present study I contemplate on the nature of expectation, identifying and integrating in a coherent way theoretical


Missing outcomes or irregularly timed multivariate longitudinal data frequently occur in clinical trials or biomedical studies. The multivariate t linear mixed model (MtLMM) has been shown to be a robust approach to modeling multioutcome continuous repeated measures in the presence of outliers or heavy‐tailed noises. This paper presents a framework for fitting the MtLMM with an arbitrary missing data pattern embodied within multiple outcome variables recorded at irregular occasions. To address the serial correlation among the within‐subject errors, a damped exponential correlation structure is considered in the model. Under the missing at random mechanism, an efficient alternating expectation‐conditional maximization (AECM) algorithm is used to carry out estimation of parameters and imputation of missing values. The techniques for the estimation of random effects and the prediction of future responses are also investigated. Applications to an HIV‐AIDS study and a pregnancy study involving analysis of multivariate longitudinal data with missing outcomes as well as a simulation study have highlighted the superiority of MtLMMs on the provision of more adequate estimation, imputation and prediction performances.


Objectives  To determine the long-term efficacy of transcervical resection of the endometrium (TCRE).

Design  Prospective long-term follow-up study.

Setting  Academic practice tertiary care setting.

Patients  116 concecutive women undergoing endometrial resection because of menorrhagia, who wished to retain the uterus.

Intervention  Hysteroscopic endometrial resection performed as a day procedure.

Main outcome measures  Long-term assessment was on the basis of menstrual symptoms and patient satisfaction, and a questionnaire was used that included open-ended and closed questions.

Results  116 endometrial resections were carried out. The satisfaction rate varied from 75% to 70% over 5 years. At 1 year, 40% of women were amenorrhoeic. Larger uterine size, young age and adenomyosis were factors associated with negative outcomes. After initial TCRE, 20 women required further surgery, menorrhagia being the most common indication.

Conclusion  Although the use of TCRE to treat menorrhagia did not avoid the need for hysterectomy in all women, for those considering hysterectomy, it was an alternative procedure that was conservative, had low morbidity and provided a good chance of avoiding the need for major surgery, especially when performed by an experienced surgeon to treat women over the age of 45.


Catalytic hydrogen evolution from neat tetrahydronaphthalene under liquid-phase conditions was investigated. Among examined commercial Pd-, Pt-, and Rh-catalysts supported on activated carbon or alumina, Pd/C showed the highest activity. It was also found that Pd-catalysts supported on activated carbon fibers, which were prepared by an impregnation method, showed roughly three times higher activity than that of the commercial Pd/C.


Caozhi's poems described much vivid imagery which is including Youxiaer,Youzi,Qifu and Sifu etc.They have different positions,characters and thoughts,Yet all of them contained Confucian soul in deeply.


11C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) PET is a sensitive and increasingly popular imaging tool for assessing the deposition of fibrillar β-amyloid aggregates in the brains of living patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Increased cortical PiB binding also occurs in dementia with Lewy bodies, but rarely in cognitively impaired individuals with Parkinson disease (PD).1,2 To date, most PiB PET studies have focused on identifying significant group differences in radiotracer binding in single brain regions or in the cortex overall. However, recent evidence suggests that the deposition of protein aggregates in neurodegenerative disorders evolves at the systems level, with involvement of discrete sets of interconnected brain regions.3,4 In this regard, techniques of pattern analysis based upon principal component analysis (PCA) and other multivariate procedures are increasingly used to quantify disease-related circuit changes in functional brain images.5


Review(s) of: Film criticism as cultural fantasy: The perpetual French discovery of Australian cinema, by Andrew McGregor, Peter Lang, 2010.


During the research and development process of librarian-centered Official Management Information Platform,we should not only achieve the innovation management about the workflow in universities' digital library,but also promote the better carrying out and implementation of the "reader-centered" service concept in library.By this way,the balanced and healthy development can be achieved in universities' digital library.


Architectonics of systems and communities are becoming more complicated everyday. Communities help one another by riding on their own strength. Similarly, each matured technology needs help mutually to develop. In particular, the wide development that covers not only 'Robot Technology (RT)', but also 'Automotive Technology (AT)' and 'Information Technology (IT)' is expected in nowadays. They are growing in a spiral by interacting one another. We introduce systems in which these technologies collaborate and our approach for intelligent systems. Networked intelligence systems and soft-computing oriented ontological network.


According to the surveys from the Voluntary Support of Education between 2014 and 2016, private institutions have maintained high levels of fundraising, with an increasing trend for some public institutions. Alumni donation accounts for a large portion of fundraising, and it is helpful in improving academic environment. When students have better academic and technical support, without individual abilities taken into consideration, an overall increase in academic performance is foreseen, leading to the result of an overall increase in the graduation rate. With this hypothesis, my research analyzed the relationship between the alumni donation percentile and the graduation rate among 1,300 institutions.


Users may access full items free of charge; copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational or notforprofit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided: • The authors, title and full bibliographic details is credited in any copy; • A hyperlink and/or URL is included for the original metadata page; and • The content is not changed in any way. Abstract In order to produce textile structures intended for technical applications it is essential to have a full understanding of the geometrical properties and be able to guarantee exact replicas can be manufactured. This paper discusses some of the issues related to the controlled knitting of carbon yarn into three-dimensional 3-D shell shapes and the affect on the structural geometry. The study begins with an examination into the basic issues affecting the knitability of the selected yarn. Health and safety problems are addressed and the resultant carbon yarn was modified to reduce the chances of electrical failure due to conductive fibre fly. Initially two factors were considered relating to the structures geometry, however it was found that a third consideration was required when examining 3-D integrally knitted products. This study identified a maximum variation regarding the stitch length during knitting and devised a methodology to use when considering a yarn for use in 3-D shells. It was found that a two-phase approach was required when producing knitted 3-D shells, part mathematical and part empirical.


High E T jets at p¯ p collisions and triple gauge boson vertex Abstract Triple gauge boson vertex, which is inherent to the model of a dynamical breaking of the electroweak symmetry, leads to an effective four-fermion interaction of quarks. Calculation of the effective coupling constant in the framework of the model results in agreement with recent information on enhancement of inclusive high E T jet cross section at √ s = 1.8 T eV. Thus this effect may be connected with triple gauge boson vertex with coupling constant λ ≈ 0.7, which will clearly manifest itself at the soon forthcoming LEP II. In the recent Fermilab experiment [1] the effect of an enhanced cross section of inclusive jets production at √ s = 1.8 T eV with E T > 200 GeV is obtained. The authors state, that this effect could be connected with consequences of quark compositeness, leading e.g. to effective four-fermion interaction [2] L ef f = ± 4 π 2 Λ 2 C ¯ q L γ µ q L ¯ q L γ µ q L ; (1) where q corresponds to light quark pair u, d and currents in interaction (1) are isoscalar. The best agreement of data [1] with (1) is achieved for Λ C = 1.6 T eV. (2) In this letter we would point out, that effective four-fermion interaction appears not only in the case of quarks substructure but also in the case of an existence of triple gauge vertex (∼ ǫ abc W a µν W b νρ W c ρ), which appears in a selfconsistent way in the model of a dynamical breaking of the electroweak symmetry [3 – 6]


The antibacterial performance of sol-gel-derived inorganic-organic hybrid polymers filled with ZnO nanoparticles-chitosan against a gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and a gram-positive Micrococcus luteus has been investigated. Three different molecular weights (MW) of chitosan (CTS) 1.36 · 105, 2.2 · 105, and 3.0 · 105 Da with equal degree of deacetylation (DD, 85%) (coded as S 85-60, He 85-250, and He 85-500) with equal degree of deacetylation (DD, 85%) were examined. ZnO was prepared by the base hydrolysis of zinc acetate in isopropanol using lithium hydroxide (LiOH · H2O) to hydrolyze the precursor. Sol-gel-based inorganic-organic hybrid polymers were modified with these oxides and were applied to cellulosic cotton (100%) and cotton/polyester (65/35%) fabrics. Inorganic-organic hybrids polymers were based on 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS). Bacteriological tests were performed in nutrient agar media on solid agar plates and in liquid broth systems using ZnO nanoparticles with average particle size of (40 nm). Our study showed the enhanced antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles chitosan (different MW) of against a gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli DSMZ 498 and a gram-positive Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 in repeated experiments. The antibacterial activity of textile treated with ZnO nanoparticles chitosan increases with decreasing the molecular weight of chitosan.


Objective:The aim of this study was to explore the effects of NF-kB decoy ODN on cultured rat hepatocyte undergoing oxidative stress.Methods:Oxidative stress was induced by FeNTA in cultured rat hepatocytes infected NF-kB decoy ODN.The extracellular levels of MDA and LDH was evaluated.Results:NF-kB decoy ODN decreased the extracellular levels of MDA and LDH in cultured rat hepatocytes undergoing oxidative stress.Conclusion:NF-kB decoy ODN may provide a new strategy for protecting hepatocyte undergoing oxidative stress from injury and for inhibiting hepatic fibrisis.


Background and Objective: Staphylococcus aureus produce wide variety of enterotoxins. There are different methods for detection of toxins produced by this bacterium. Among these methods, PCR is a highly sensitive test. This method has a high specificity and needs a short time to accomplish. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of enterotoxin genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates using the PCR method. Materials and Methods: 200 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical cases. Biochemical tests were performed for definitive diagnosis of these strains. Multiplex PCR method was used to identify genes of staphylococcal enterotoxin A, B and Q. Results: DNA amplification fragments for sea, sec and seq genes were 552, 271 and 122 bp, respectively. Through the 200 tested isolates, 60 isolates were found sea, 31 isolates sec, and 22 isolates were seq. 56.5 percent of the isolates were found of other types of enterotoxin. Conclusion: Abundance of type A enterotoxin of this bacterium, cause the most researchers focus on this enterotoxin. Due to Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical cases, PCR method can be useful to identify strains of enterotoxin A, C and Q gene in this isolates.


Stretching from the top of the ionosphere to out into space, the terrestrial space environment is packed with low-energy ions, populated when ultraviolet radiation emanating from the Sun ionizes atmospheric gases in the ionosphere below. These ions, with energies of a few electron volts, play an important role in modifying dynamics within the magnetosphere. Though this view of the space environment is well grounded in theory, the actual detection and quantification of low-energy ion densities have been more elusive. The difficulty stems from the environmental conditions within which sensors seeking to measure these low-energy ions must operate. Satellites high above the Earth accumulate surface charges giving positive potentials of tens to hundreds of volts when exposed to sunlight and end up repelling the low-velocity, low-energy, positively charged ions that researchers hoped to detect. Using an array of techniques, including a recently developed approach whereby onboard sensors look for distortions in the electric field in the satellite's own wake, Andre and Cully estimate the density of low-energy ions.


Abstract : The effort has demonstrated the feasibility and practicality of several computationally efficient procedures for simplifying the digital processing of Delta Modulation encoded signals. Design techniques for transversal filters having tap weights quantized to one bit were developed and evaluated. Techniques for direct conversion of CVSD encoded signals to PCM were developed and implemented on a 16-bit fixed-point programmable processor providing realtime computation.


Medium-resolution (R ∼ 460) spectra in the K window have been obtained for the compact H II regions W51 IRS 2 East and IRS 2 West. Brγ, He I, three lines of [Fe III], and seven lines of molecular hydrogen (H2) have been detected. The unidentified line at 2.288 μm was also detected with ∼2% of the intensity of Brγ. We derive an electron density of ∼105–106 cm-3 in both IRS 2 East and IRS 2 West from [Fe III] line ratios. In both regions, observed H2 line ratios indicate that the excitation of H2 is dominated by fluorescence rather than by shocks.


Summary

Massive, nearly 'pure', haemo-ilmenite layers from historic ore deposits in Rogaland, Norway contain very few silicates or other oxides and typically produce remanence-dominated magnetic anomalies. These rocks are ideal for evaluating the magnetic properties of fine exsolution intergrowths and the larger titanohaematite lamellae in the host ilmenite grains. A typical bulk composition, Ilm 84, exsolved at high temperature to produce host ilmenite Ilm 94 and micron-sized haematite lamellae Ilm 23 as measured by electron microprobe (EMP). Subsequent undercooling of the ilmenite and the micron-scale haematite lamellae led to metastable nucleation of nanoscale lamellae down to unit-cell scale, leaving depleted hosts between lamellae with compositions of Ilm 98 and Ilm 15–13 as measured by TEM–EDX. Samples have high coercivities, and average NRM values of 25 A m−1, which typically show ∼2 per cent saturation in the NRM state. The amount of magnetization in these samples is too high to be solely accounted for by a spin-canted AF moment in the haematite. Based on Monte Carlo simulations of haematite–ilmenite interfaces at the atomic scale and on measured rock-magnetic properties, we predict that the magnetization is carried by a ferrimagnetic substructure produced at the contacts of the very fine-scale titanohaematite and ilmenite exsolution lamellae.


Objective To investigate the relation of clinical diagnosis with liver histology of patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).Methods Biopsy has been done on total 213 CHB patients under guidance of ultrasonic B.After staining with HE and Masson,necroinflammatory and fibrotic damages have been degreed semi-quantitatively ranging G1-G4 and S1-S4,respectively.At the same time,serum biochemistry index,HBV markers and blood routine have been examined and collected.Color ultrasonic B exams have been done on 143 patients for gallbladder and spleen.The 213 patients were divided into 2 groups according HBeAg positive and negative.Compared the various index between the two groups and study the coincidence of clinical diagnosis and pathological diagnosis.Results(1)Ages of HBeAg positive patients were significantly younger than HBeAg negative ones,P0.01.ALT,AST,PTA levels were higher than that of HBeAg negative ones,P0.01.But portal vein diameter was more narrow than HBeAg negative group,P0.05.ALB,GLO,TBil,spleen thickness have no significant differences between the two groups;(2)The four variety inflammation and fibrosis scores and HAI of liver tissues of HBeAg negative group were higher than the other group.But there was no significant difference except the inflammation of hepatic lobules;(3)Coincidence rate between clinical diagnosis and pathological diagnosis was 68.2%(103/151)in mild chronic hepatitis group,33.3%(19/57)in moderate chronic hepatitis group and 40%(2/5)in sever hepatitis group;(4)These patients were divided into three group,such as mild,moderate and severe hepatitis by hepatic pathology.After ultrasonic B examination,large spleen was(26.7%,24/89)observed in mild group,(40.54%,15/37)in moderate group and(68.42%,13/19)in severe group.Conclusions(1)Inflammation and fibrosis scores of HBeAg negative group was significantly higher than that of HBeAg positive group.ALT and AST could not reflect the real inflammation and fibrosis state of liver tissue;(2)Coincidence rate was low between clinical and pathological diagnosis.We should do liver biopsy as much as possible to judge the liver pathology;(3)Large spleen could be regarded as the hepatitis condition,but it can appear in various period of hepatitis.So we could not judge the liver condition by only one check or index.


Objective To evaluate the changes in the expression of diplopore potassium ion channel TRESK mRNA in dorsal root ganlion (DRG) in rats with neuropathic pain (NP) .Methods Thirty-two male SD rats weighing 220-250 g were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 16 each) : group sham operation (group S) and group NP. NP was induced by ligation and severance of left tibial and common fibular nerves according to the technique described by Decosterd. Eight rats in each group were sacrificed 1 day before and 14 day after operation and their L4,5 DRGs in the operated side were isolated for determination of TRESK mRNA expression by RT-PCR. In the remaining 8 rats in each group paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli ( MWT) and paw withdrawal latency to a thermal nociceptive stimulus (TWL) were measured at 1 day before (baseline) and 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 day after operation. Results MWT was significantly lower in group NP than in group S. The TRESK mRNA expression in L4,5 DRGs in the operated side was significantly decreased after operation as compared with the baseline before operation in group NP and was significantly lower in group NP than in group S. Conclusion The development and maintenance of NP may be closely related with down-regulation of TRESK mRNA.

Key words:
Neuralgia;  Ganglia,spinal;  Potassium channels


The copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) was carried out under supercritical CO2 (scCO2) conditions to afford poly (cyclohexene carbonate) (PCHC) in high yield. The scCO2 provided not only the C1 feedstock but also proved to be a very efficient solvent and processing aid for this copolymerization system. Double metal cyanide (DMC) and salen-Co(III) catalysts were employed, demonstrating excellent CO2/CHO copolymerization with high yield and high selectivity. Surprisingly, our use of scCO2 was found to significantly enhance the copolymerization efficiency and the quality of the final polymer product. Thermally stable and high molecular weight (MW) copolymers were successfully obtained. Optimization led to excellent catalyst yield (656 wt/wt, polymer/catalyst) and selectivity (over 96% toward polycarbonate) that were significantly beyond what could be achieved in conventional solvents. Moreover, detailed thermal analyses demonstrated that the PCHC copolymer produced in scCO2 exhibited higher glass transition temperatures (Tg ∼ 114 °C) compared to polymer formed in dense phase CO2 (Tg ∼ 77 °C), and hence good thermal stability. Additionally, residual catalyst could be removed from the final polymer using scCO2, pointing toward a green method that avoids the use of conventional volatile organic-based solvents for both synthesis and work-up. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2785–2793


ABSTRACT Special events such as marathons frequently depend on volunteers who may have various motivations for volunteering. The purpose of this study is to examine the motivations of volunteers of marathons, differences in motivation by demographics, level of running experience, and relationships with satisfaction. The results reveal differences in the love of sport volunteer motivation by the level of running experience. In addition, the level of running experience variable, which is unique in volunteer motivation studies, moderates the relationships between motivations and satisfaction, suggesting events such as marathons could benefit from recruiting volunteers who themselves participate in the event activity.


The largest systematic errors in differential photoelectric photometry are the atmospheric effect and the temperature effect arising from the color difference between program star and comparison star. In the case of AR Lac, the maximum difference in magnitude found by using individual extinction coefficients of comparison star and check star proved to be about 0. m 05. These results strongly suggest that the correction of secondary extinction effects in differential photoelectric photometry is very important. The temperature coefficient of the whole photometer is larger than 0. m 0012/°C. This means that the temperature effect must be considered to avoid systematic errors when the temperature variation is above 10 °C


The source of EMI(Electromagnetic Interference) and interference mechanism for PLC control system on sorting -table,conveyor and stacking crane in automated warehouse is analyzed,the disbenefit impacts of EMI on control system are took apart.;then,the anti-jamming tactics are researched in detail,and all sorts of effective measures about EMI restraint are brought forward,which insured the secure and reliable operation for PLC control systems in automated warehouse.


Atmatattvaviveka by Udayanacarya, with Translation, Explanation and Analytical-Critical Survey. N.S. Dravid. Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Simla 1995. 587 pp. ISBN 81-85952-28-0.


The synthesis of dichloro(2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylpor-phyrinato)zirconium(IV), Zr(oep)Cl2, from zirconium tetrachloride and octaethylporphyrin, H2(oep), is described. The reported synthesis is a new and simple route to this precursor of organometallic compounds. Zr(oep)Cl2 was characterized by elemental analyses, 1H- and 13C-NMR, UV/Vis, and mass spectra. Hydrolysis yielded a mixture of mono- and binuclear hydroxy zirconium(IV) porphyrins.


To recapitulate, the necessity for adequate planning is justified not only by current scientific knowledge that indicates its validity, but also by the practical necessity for making the most efficient use of any and all available resources. When we total our current scientific knowledge we hear that "much of the disability in mental illness is superimposed by social and treatment mechanisms and is preventable and reversible" (9). A review of financing (tax funds supply probably 90% of the budgets for services) tells us that "discussion focuses on assertions that the states have reached their taxing limits"(10). When we examine our personnel picture and the training and recruitment prospects (11) we find that it will take all our ingenuity to stand still. These are sobering and responsibly drawn conclusions. They indicate that we cannot expect more of what we have, without limit. We cannot assume that our currently uncoordinated efforts are making maximum use of existing facilities. We must continue to di...


PVC─SR was prepared from the reaction of PVC and sodium N, N-di-ethyldithiocarbamate. Products of self-crosslinked PVC─SR and co─crosslinked PVC─SR/NBR blend were obtained under heating. Effects of temperature and weight of sodium N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate on substitution reaction and degree of functionality of PVC─SR on the gel content, tensile properties and compress set of crosslinked products were investigated. Mechanism of crosslinking reaction was discussed.


Strictures are the most common Crohn's disease complication, but their natural history is unknown. This study aimed to characterize inflammation, predict prognosis, and understand the impact of drug therapy using magnetic resonance enterography (MRE).


PurposeThe authors assessed the certification of street food retailers in Ghana in terms of awareness, training, willingness to be certified, determinants, agreement with certification requirements and impacts on performance.Design/methodology/approachPrimary data was sourced from 200 street food retailers. Descriptive statistics, Likert scale, mean comparison test, heteroskedastic probit, inverse-probability-weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA), inverse probability weights (IPW) and augmented inverse-probability weighting (AIPW) were applied.FindingsMost uncertified retailers were willing to be certified. Awareness about certification was high. Most of the certified retailers had been trained on certification, while most uncertified retailers had not been trained. Being a female, being educated, being a migrant vendor, possessing experience in retailing, training in certification, trust in the local certification process, the amount spent in preparing food and the number of customers are crucial variables that increase the probability of being certified among street food vendors. Street food retailers agreed to all the requirements for certification. Certification boosts the performance of street food retailers in terms of the number of customers and contracts received. Training on certification is recommended for street food retailers.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation of this study is mainly due to the type of food retailers selected. Street food vending in Ghana is done among those who cook food for selling, those who sell processed products such as drinks and those who sell vegetables and other uncooked agriproducts. Meanwhile, the authors selected unorganised retailers who primarily cook local and regional dishes for sale in this study. Thus, the study did not include organised food retailers such as restaurants. Therefore, generalising the study results for street food vendors should be made with caution.Originality/valueSeveral studies have been conducted on street food retailing across the globe on knowledge of food-safety practices, risk practices, bacterial contamination of street retailing food, toxicological hazards of street foods and compliance with technical and hygienic requirements by street food retailers, among others. However, empirical studies on the certification/licensing of street food retailers and its impact have been given little attention. As a result, this study investigates the certification of street food retailers and its impacts on retailers' performance in Ghana.


(57) Abstract: The present invention is to Group V without the periodic table based on a metal of Group VIII anion relates to a method of extracting from the aqueous solution. For this, in the compound i.e. formula (I) (wherein, R This method is particularly suitable for the extraction of tungsten from solution molybdenum, and containing tungsten. Further preferred method employs an aqueous solution containing cobalt ions and nickel ions in the extractive separation of cobalt and nickel. [Formula 1]


This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction, Conditional and Generative Models, Real-Life Reasons for Dataset Shift, Simple Covariate Shift, Prior Probability Shift, Sample Selection Bias, Imbalanced Data, Domain Shift, Source Component Shift, Gaussian Process Methods for Dataset Shift, Shift or No Shift?, Dataset Shift and Transfer Learning, Conclusions


Candida is a Gram-positive spherical fungi facultative anaerobe, has more than 17 different species and classified into C. albicans and non albicans species. Host response to Candida infection is a complex interplay between innate and adaptive immunity and usually provides a sufficient defense against microbes in healthy individuals but not in immunocompromised ones. Cytokines produced from immune cells also play an important role in epithelial immunity against Candida infection. Candida infection is established by many mechanisms as Adhesins, Invasins, Biofilm, aspartyl proteinases Haemolysins and Phospholipases.


This study is to verify two assumptions derived from Oedipus Complex that female's conscience development is positively related to father's and male's conscience development is positively related to mother's.It is significant to explore whether the parenting style plays mediating role during morality transmission from parents to children.This research involves high school students and their parents finishing questionnaires on conscience for teenagers,adults,and parenting style.The results indicated that the adapted Conscience Assessment Questionnaire for adults had good reliability and validity,it could be used as one measuring tool.It shows male's conscience development was positively related to father's on a significant level and insignificantly related to mother's;female's conscience development was insignificantly related to mother's and father's.The parenting style does not play a mediating role during the morals value's transmission from parents to children.


Research on personal home pages is still rare. Many studies to date are exploratory, and the problem of drawing a sample that reflects the variety of existing home pages has not yet been solved. The present paper discusses sampling strategies and suggests a strategy based on the results retrieved by a search engine. This approach is used to draw a sample of 229 personal home pages that portray private identities. Findings on age and sex of the owners and elements characterizing the sites are reported.


The invention relates to a medicine for shrinking enlarged pores by utilizing egg white and a preparation method thereof. The medicine for shrinking enlarged pores by utilizing egg white comprises components by weight: 50-100g of egg white, 0.5-1g of tea polyphenol, 2-5g of salicylic acid, 1-5g of vitamin C, 1-10g of vitamin A derivatives, 5-10g of mint, 10-20g of silicon dioxide, 1-2g of witch hazel, 20-50g of olive oil, 2-5g of Nacl and 500-1000ml of purified water.


The invention relates to methods for the preparation of granules of polyamide 6 or copolyamides, by - generating a melt of polyamide 6 or copolyamides by polymerization, - production of granules from the melt by means of underwater granulation in a process fluid, - carrying away the granules on the location of underwater granulation in the process fluid and - feeding the granules in the process fluid to an extraction, - Extraction of low-molecular components as an extract, - drying of the granules after the extraction, wherein the underwater granulation and the extraction carried out using the same process fluid, and an apparatus for carrying out such a method.


There exist different methods of inactivating cells which give a non- reaction- occurring condition under which the effective diffusivity of a substrate in the immobilized cell matrix is often measured.Based on micrographic observation of size and shape of the cell and determination of weight change of cells,the effect of the various inactivating methods on the cell itself was examined.The effective diffusivities of glucose and ethanol in the inactivated yeast cell- occupided polyacrylamide gels obtained from the various methods,were determined and compared with the diffusivity in the active immobilized cell.So,the method called as"benzoic acid- treating method"has been proposed,which is convienient to work and provides a non- substrate- consuming condition as well as gives a more reasonable value of diffusivity than other methods.


Inapparent streptococcal infection may be complicated by equally inapparent (latent) glomerulonephritis which leads eventually to active chronic glomerulonephritis. Photomicrographs are presented illustrating the progression, in one year, from latent glomerulonephritis related to type 12 streptococci to an early nephrotic state with hypertension. The discouraging outlook of nephrotic glomerulonephritis in adults forces the consideration of heroic therapy with massive doses of corticosteroids, but it is not yet established whether or not such therapy is justified in latent chronic glomerulonephritis without the nephrotic state.


The problem of unemployment, 188. — Revival of household industries, 193. — Expansion of steel and engineering capacity, 196. — The need for public overhead facilities, 198. — Employment creation through capital construction, 200.


The significance of prisoner's dilemma in making two completely rational individuals might not cooperate even their best interest to do so. Every criminal investigation is strongly reliant on crime data classification and optimization. In this work, we extended prisoners' dilemma for crime data classification and its optimization. A confusion matrix‐based optimization technique for crime data with game theory model in order to identify the person involvement in crime is to be predicted and clustered them into confess, not confessed, and indeterministic states based on the neutrosophic logic principle. In this technique, first we map neutrosophic logic into crime system to break the uncertainties in crime clustering. Next, we preliminary cluster the crime data pairs that indicates two offenders neutrosophic values into three clusters. However, some pairs lie in intersections of two or three clusters. So we optimize the clustering into disjoint clusters will be done based on the ratio of intra‐cluster and inter‐cluster distances. We have implemented the proposed method. The experimental result shows that the quality of proposed method based on accuracy, precision, and recall parameters, observed more than 90% accuracy.


Objective: Periodontal abscess is an inflammatory process that occurs due to a localized bacterial infection involving deeper periodontal structures and may occur acutely or chronically. One of the bacteria that causes periodontal abscess is Staphylococcus aureus . Periodontal abscesses is generally treated using Amoxicillin, but it can appear resistant requiring an alternative by utilizing natural ingredients such as garlic ( Allium sativum ). Garlic has an allicin active substance that has efficacy as an antibacterial. The objective of this study was to determine the inhibition of garlic extract with a concentration of 50% against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in vitro . Methods: The research method is using experimental laboratory research with post-test design group in vitro where the inhibitory test was used the agar disc diffusion method (Kirby Bauer) with garlic extract ( Allium sativum ) with the concentration of 50%, and Amoxicillin 30 μg positive control (CT0223B). Culture media is using Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA). Results: The results of the experiment on the inhibition of garlic extract ( Allium sativum ) showed that the average of the inhibitory zone after treatment in both groups was significantly different (p<0.05). There was a difference of inhibition zone between the control group (Amoxicillin 30 μg (CT0223B)) and the treatment group (garlic extract with concentration of 50%) where the average of the control group's inhibitory zone (Amoxicillin 30 μg (CT0223B)) was greater than the treatment group (garlic extract ( Allium sativum ) concentration of 50%). Conclusion: There is inhibition of garlic extract ( Allium sativum ) with a concentration of 50% against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in vitro .


Provided herein is a circuit, a system and method for monitoring faults in a multi-phase DC-DC converter. This may include monitoring channel extraordinary imbalance DC-DC converter (WOB) conditions, and depends on WOB condition monitoring component failure detected. If at least a specified number of times than the other occurs one WOB WOB health status during a predetermined period, a fault may be detected. The DC-DC converter and / or other circuitry may be responsive to the detected fault closed. Additionally or alternatively, the assembly failure detection signal in response to the detected fault output.


The article highlights the views of the well-known teacher and scientist of the last century V. A. Sukhomlinsky on the process of a schoolchild's citizenship forming in the family and at a school.


This study discussed the effects of 12-week TRX suspension training and instrument resistance training on abdominal muscle strength and isometric abdominal muscle endurance of police college students. Thirty male students from Nanjing Forest Police College were randomly divided into TRX suspension training group and instrument resistance training group. Each group received a 90-minute training course twice a week for 12 weeks. The abdominal muscle strength and abdominal muscle tolerance were measured before and after training. After statistical analysis of T test of dependent samples, it was found that TRX suspension training group had significant improvement in abdominal muscle strength and other longissimus muscle strength, while instrument resistance training group had significant improvement only in abdominal muscle strength. Therefore, the choice of TRX suspension training, compared with the device resistance training, can significantly enhance the core muscle capacity. Keywords—Police college; TRX; Abdominal strength; Isometric muscle endurance


textabstractOf the five main human senses, hearing is particularly specialized in processing neural signals with a temporal precision significantly higher than reported for the rest of the central nervous system (CNS). The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), with its main synapse, the calyx of Held synapse, has a preeminent role in sound localization. Due to its unusual size and good accessibility for direct electrophysiological investigations, the calyx became a widely used model for the study of short term plasticity (STP). However, the developmental regulation of short term facilitation (STF) and depression (STD) and their contribution to transmission reliability in vivo was still debated.
After summarizing the current knowledge concerning the development of the pre- and postsynaptic terminals at the main synapse of the MNTB in Chapter 2, this thesis presents technical advances allowing the reliable study of electrophysiological properties of the calyx in vivo and in vitro across postnatal development.
In Chapter 3 we investigate the electrophysiological properties contributing to postsynaptic responsiveness of the principal cell of the MNTB, starting immediately after birth. Here we show that principal cells can fire action potentials in response to synaptic potentials no larger than a few quanta and consequently, in the first postnatal days, synapse formation and maturation may be supported by spontaneous release alone.
To investigate the contribution of STD and STF to firing reliability in vivo, in Chapter 4, we validate the feasibility of applying loose patch juxtacellular recordings to measuring the electrophysiological properties of the calyx of Held. The application of this technique in vivo reveals that the young adult calyx is a reliable synapse, where the sizes of electric postsynaptic potentials is independent of firing frequency due to a lower extracellular calcium concentration, compared to standard slice conditions, and a partial chronic depression induced by spontaneous activity.
Chapter 5 investigates the contribution of STP to neuronal transmission and its developmental regulation at the calyx of Held synapse. The pronounced STP observed at the young synapse decreased dramatically such that the calyx is prepared for its function as a relay synapse already before hearing onset.
Finally, Chapter 6 examines the possible modulation of release probability by GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS, via presynaptic GABAB receptors at the calyx of Held. Here, our results suggest a secondary role for GABA at the adult MNTB and show that spontaneous activity has a higher impact on STD.


Abstract Recently, the practical research and development of SB latex for a cement modifier have taken place and the cement mortars so modified are used in the field of building or civil engineering. The physical and chemical properties of SB latex-modified mortars have already been reported, but the effects of various polymerization conditions for latex synthesis on properties of SB latex-modified mortars have hardly been noticed. The authors discuss the effects of polymerization conditions, in particular, styrene/butadiene monomer ratio on physical properties of SB latex-modified mortar and conclude that the physical properties such as strength, drying shrinkage, adhesion, abrasion and shock resistance, etc., of SB latex-modified mortars are affected more intensely by the variation of bound styrene contents than by the rubber-cement ratios.


Dalit Studies has emerged as a new field of study in South Asia since the 1990s, helping to reorient scholarship's interest away from the study of untouchability as a phenomenon toward a recognition and recovery of Dalit actors. This review essay identifies three broad themes-occupation, dignity, and space, and uses them to survey the literature on Dalit society over the last hundred years. It suggests that occupation was a prominent organizing category in colonial and early post-colonial ethnographic writing that was used to catalogue and define Dalit religious traditions and socio-economic practices. Struggles for dignity and efforts to eradicate caste inequality have become central concerns in more recent writings. This essay also draws attention to a less recognized theme by focusing on the role of space, particularly the role of jati mohallas, in mediating the experience of caste and shaping Dalit political consciousness.


Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common cardiovascular disease characterized by an interruption of blood and oxygen supply to the heart, which results in gradual damage to the myocardial tissue and ultimately heart failure. The role of long non‐coding RNAs in the pathology of MI remains in its infancy, but has been implicated in MI and other heart conditions. For example, the expression of a non‐coding RNA hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF1A)‐antisense RNA 2 (HIF1A‐AS2) has previously been linked to coronary heart disease, however, whether HIF1A‐AS2 expression is also high in MI has not been addressed. Here, we report that HIF1A‐AS2 is upregulated in hypoxia‐treated human cardiomyocytes (HMCs) compared with normal cardiomyocytes, and that silenced HIF1A‐AS2 inhibited apoptosis and facilitated viability, migration, and invasion of HMCs. Our data suggested that in MI, HIF1A‐AS2 upregulation was associated with miR‐623, which promoted expression of tripartite motif containing 44 (TRIM44). Moreover, by upregulating TRIM44 we were able to remedy the HIF1A‐AS2 repression of apoptosis in HMCs. Thus, we conclude that cardiomyocytes can be protected against hypoxic‐treated injury by knockdown of HIF1A‐AS2, which suppresses TRIM44, and that HIF1A‐AS2 overexpression is a prognostic indicator of MI.


In ULSI fabrication, the design rule scaled up to 0.25um and the complex multiple layer structure prevent from applying the traditional optical microscope of which resolution is about 0.4um. Considering the situation, we have developed a ULSI inspection system based on the scanning parallel confocal microscope. In this paper, we present the feature of the computer aided parallel scanning confocal ULSI inspection system. First, we describe the principle of the scanning parallel confocal microscope with the stress on two key points of the semiconductor observation. One is the high resolution capability. We show an image of the resolution test with 0.2um line and space pattern drafted by Electron Beam Lithography to confirm the capability for the ULSI inspection. The other point is optical sectioning imaging. The imaging is very important to examine the ULSI surface of the multiple layer and high aspect ratio without the defocused energy of another area. Considering the optical sectioning capability, we compare the parallel scanning confocal images of the ULSI device with the traditional microscope image in the digital inspection of the high aspect ratio's surface of multiple layer. We submit an interested layer in the digital confocal microscope image. Finally, we summarize the performance of the proposed system as the ULSI inspection.


Several new treatment options have become available for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in age-related macular degeneration. Fluorescein angiography (FA) used to be the main criterion for treatment and retreatments and was the only evidencebased imaging criterion. Over the last years FA became more and more supplemented by quantitative retinal thickness data and today retreatment often relies on those morphologic data alone. This ongoing transition offers the chance of applying the invasive and time-consuming FA more selectively. However, better knowledge is needed of the relationship between the morphologic retinal thickness changes and the fluorescein angiographic appearance in CNV. The authors therefore investigated this correlation in a well-defined group of classic CNV. One main finding is that imaging results are highly correlated in particular for size measurements, but other parameters such as retinal thickness visualize different properties of the disease process.


Teaching Cyber-Physical System (CPS) design requires covering significant breadth while ensuring students experience how all the pieces fit together. This paper describes a distributed elevator control system design project that addresses many of the areas required in a CPS project experience. Mapping project aspects to ABET accreditation areas frames a discussion of the course's treatment of CPS issues. The most important lesson learned is that students benefit from being immersed in and reflecting upon a carefully curated experience with a CPS engineering process rather than being turned loose to invent their own ad hoc approach to building complex systems. Keywords— Cyber-Physical System (CPS) education; distributed embedded system course project.


The original Burnet–Lederberg and Bretscher–Cohn models of immunological tolerance are essentially incompatible, one considering tolerance to be the obligatory outcome of antigen recognition by an immature lymphocyte and the other considering it as one of two possible responses to antigen, the crucial determinant being interaction with a second antigen‐reactive cell. The early experimental evidence was confusing, in that it appeared to support both theories. In response to this situation, a hybrid model retaining some of the features of the original models was proposed. In particular, immature B cells were regarded as 'hypersensitive to tolerance induction', but could also make a positive response to antigen under some circumstances. More recent data from B cell transgenic mice have challenged even these hybrid models, stimulating renewed interest in the question of how B cell tolerance is regulated in vivo. This article presents a new interpretation of the data, in which the increased resistance of mature B cells to tolerance induction is postulated to result from partial receptor desensitization in response to environmental antigen, rather than from a developmentally programmed change in B cell signalling. Thus, it is suggested that Burnet's 'window of tolerance induction' is determined by the environment rather than developmental pre‐programming. If this postulate is accepted, induction of B cell self‐tolerance in both the bone marrow and periphery follows the simple and elegant rules originally laid down by Bretscher and Cohn.


Public health practitioners increasingly agree that it is not enough to provide people with water and sanitation hardware. Numerous approaches are used to tackle the "software" which means to ensure behavior change necessary to come along with the sanitation hardware. A review of these approaches reveals several shortcomings, most importantly that they do not provide behavioral change interventions which correspond to psychological factors to be changed. This article presents a sound psychological model, which postulates that for the formation of new habitual behavior, five blocks of factors must be positive with regard to the new behavior: risk factors, attitudinal factors, normative factors, ability factors, and self-regulation factors. Standardized tools for measuring the factors in face-to-face interviews are presented, and behavioral interventions are provided for each factor block. A statistical analysis method is presented, which allows the determination of the improvement potential of each factor.


This special issue of the Journal of Contemporary Ethnography (JCE) focuses on themes that have central relevance to feminist ethnographers. In many respects, JCE is long overdue in publishing a special issue on feminist ethnography. While the journal is now more than forty years old, it has not yet featured an article or special issue that concentrates exclusively on what it means to engage in this important form of contemporary ethnography. In making this point, we do not mean to imply that JCE has failed to embrace feminist sensibilities or concerns. The journal has published ethnographic research by feminist scholars throughout much of its history. It has also taken on a stronger feminist flavor in recent years, as illustrated by the increased presence of articles informed by feminist insights as well as the publication of a special issue highlighting the methodological complexities experienced by several prominent feminist ethnographers (Chapkis 2010; GonzálezLópez 2010; Hondagneu-Sotelo 2010; Jenness 2010; O'Brien 2010; Stein 2010). Yet, while taking a feminist turn, JCE has lagged behind in addressing questions that have significance for feminist ethnographers. These questions include: What does it mean to do feminist ethnography? How is this form of ethnography similar to and different from other ethnographic approaches,


This final graduation project is done at Handicare Bathroom Safety BV at Pijnacker. Like their name says, they are a manufacturer of safety products in and around the toilet-, shower- and bath environment. These products have a good balance between comfort, safety and design. With 70 years of experience, they are considered specialists in this field all over the world. For this project the main aim is to design a next generation shower seat for the product portfolio of Handicare; LinidoSolutions. The shower seat must be applicable all over the world, therefore apart from the Dutch market, the United Kingdom and Southern Europe (Spain) is taken into account. The "old" shower seat as it is now provides support in a seated posture while showering. Based on the needs of the user, this seat is also foldable and available with/or without backrest and armrests. This seat was introduced in 2003 and was one of the first shower seats produced entirely out of plastic. This has great benefits for the design, ergonomics, costs and production. Nevertheless, feedback has shown frequently arising problems in production methods and procedures. One of the main concerns of this seat is premature tumbling of the seat surface and fractures near the mount and its connections. The folding mechanism is unreliable and the connection is not solid and strong enough for all situations e.g. a transfer from wheelchair is very critical. This results in a large amount of complaints. With the next generation shower seat these problems have to be resolved. Further research shows that users have specific needs and requirements while showering on a shower seat. This has resulted in several project directions whereof the most promising direction is chosen. From the user research it shows that standing up, cleaning of the buttocks area, cleaning of the lower legs/feet and a transfer from wheelchair to seat is very hard to accomplish. This has to do with the disabilities of these users. Based on the chosen target group, the project direction "improvement of the buttocks area" is chosen. Research shows that cleaning of the buttocks area is not possible and very hard in a seated posture. Users have to stand up to properly clean this area. However standing up is an intensive activity for these people. Current products provide hygiene openings, but are still not optimal and very uncomfortable to sit on. From this perspective the main target group is chosen, which is based on the mobility classification of the user. The user can be divided into five categories; scaled from group A with the most mobile people to group E with the lowest degree of mobility. Target group B is chosen as the main target group for the shower seat. This group can be characterized on performing their daily activities in combination with a little help. This help can be provided by a walking aid and/or home care. This group often uses a shower seat, because they are not able to stand for longer periods of time or have an unstable posture. From this perspective the hypothesis of the final researches is defined: the smaller the seat surface, the larger the accessibility will be". This means that a user can get enough support by providing a seat surface around the sit bones. Because of this principle an opening is made in the back and front. By supporting the sit bones a better and stable posture is provided, which can increases the comfort and based on this hypothesis two researches are accomplished. First the minimum seat surface is determined and these dimensions are evaluated according to access around the buttocks. Based on the hypothesis three dimensions can be determined: the opening between the sit bones, the length around the sit bones and the width of the seat. The first research elaborates on the minimum dimensions that are necessary to provide a stable and safe posture. 24 Participants evaluate different models and eventually the minimum dimensions are defined. During this research differences between gender and active and passive postures are noticed. Some of these aspects are of great influence to the final dimensions. The passive posture is defining for the length around the sit bones and the active posture in combination with male participants for defining the maximum opening. With the results of the first researches, ideas and sub-solutions are generated to improve the accessibility around the buttocks. On top of this, product improvement is considered. Five focus points are taken into account: the seat surface (improvement of accessibility), the folding construction, height adjustment, forces on the wall and the mounting construction. Eventually this leads to three concept proposals. In cooperation with Handicare the most promising concept is chosen. The final research elaborates on the accessibility of the chosen concept and the defined minimum dimensions. In this research the accessibility around the buttocks, private parts and legs is evaluated. This research shows a significant improvement of accessibility. Most improved is the access of the private parts, participant are very enthusiastic about the hygiene opening in the front. Furthermore, the accessibility of the buttocks area has been improved as well. Although, further research must prove that the opening in the back significantly improves the access of the buttocks for actual end-users as well. Nevertheless, this first research shows potential for implementation in the final design and has great potential in comparison with competitive products. Based on the last research, BILLY is developed and is now the next generation shower seat of Handicare. BILLY is a combination of a regular seat combined with the ease of a hygiene opening. Because the user is now supported on the sit bones, he no longer experiences the hygiene opening as uncomfortable, but enjoys the full range of its conveniences. Furthermore, an extra hygiene opening for private parts is included, which increases the accessibility even more. From this final design a prototype is made to eventually evaluate the product in an actual user context.


The publication of James Joyce s̓ work prior to Ulysses had already encountered numerous problems with censorship, or to be more precise, with the wary and fearful attitude of his would-be publishers and printers. They feared being prosecuted for defamation by means of the printed word, considered a public libel tending to produce evil consequences to society when blasphemous, obscene, or seditious. Public libel was a tort actionable without proof of special damage, punishable by a fi ne and imprisonment, according to the Libel Act 1843, section 4, "If any person shall maliciously publish any defamatory libel . . . shall be liable to be imprisoned . . . and to pay such fi ne as the court shall award." During the fi rst part of the twentieth century, cultural censorship was especially awkward in Britain. The authorities were much concerned with avoiding the weakening of public morality in a period of growing apprehension for the decline of a British international political role.


Ultra-fine grinding of titania accompanied by simultaneous surface treatment was conducted in a laboratory-scale media agitating mill. The grinding solvent was n-decane, and stearic acid was added to the solvent as the surfactant. Zirconia beads of 0.6mm diameter were used as the grinding media. The effect of grinding time on the characteristics of titania commimuted in the media agitating mill was investigated. The measured characteristics were true density, specific surface area, particle size distribution, crystallite size, crystal lattice distortion and morphology of the comminuted titania. The amount of contamination of the comminuted titania from the grinding media, rotator and mill wall was also measured.Titania became flaky by surface attrition during the initial stage of grinding. Subsequently, the flaky particles were ground into ultra-fine particles. The comminuted titania had low crystal lattice distortion in the order of 10-4 and a small crystallite size of less than 200A after 5 hours of grinding. The true density of the comminuted titania was almost the same as that of intact titania. There was almost no increase in the background intensity in the XRD profile, and the lattice constant of the comminuted titania was kept constant.


One of the most striking aspects of desert vegetation is the apparently regular spacing of shrubs. The species which has been commented on most in this respect is Larrea divaricata Cav., the creosote bush (Leopold 1963; Went 1952, 1955; Baker 1966). Its widereaching root system is referred to by Cannon (1911), who excavated several systems and showed that in some situations the roots could extend 2 or 3 m in all directions. Such regular spacing, if it exists (and casual observation certainly suggests that it does) must be the result of some sort of mutually disadvantageous interaction between the individuals. Went suggested that allelopathy was involved in this pattern in a widely quoted statement made in 1955: 'Another Death Valley plant endowed with a remarkable root system is the evergreen creosote bush. It has wide reaching roots which can extract water from a large volume of soil. The creosote bush is spread with amazingly even spacing over the desert; this is especially obvious from an aeroplane. The spacing apparently is due to the fact that the roots of the bush excrete toxic substances which kill any seedlings which start near it. The distance of spacing is correlated with rainfall; the less rainfall the wider the spacing. This probably means that rain leaches the poisons from the soil so that they do not contaminate so wide an area. We commonly find young creosote bushes along roads in the desert, where the road builders have torn up the old bushes.' Rainfall measurements have been carried out at many stations in the California desert for varying numbers of years. We chose our experimental sites as close as possible to rainfall stations, preferably stations where records had been kept for some years (see map, Fig. 1). Eight sites were sampled in the Mojave Desert and four in the Sonoran desert. Each site was selected to be as near to the weather recording station as possible, to be on as level an area as possible, and to have minimum dissection by drainage channels.


The work deals with the way notions regarding the organization of the living world emerged, and the way they fit in an unitary insight via the systems theory. The connections between species and biocenoses as community-based (multi-individual) systems are briefly discussed, as well as the major part played by biocenoses in the life of individual living systems and in the creation of a more propitious environment for the existence and the perpetuation of life on Earth.


The National Advanced Silviculture Program (NASP) is composed of four national modules and one regional or local module. The University of Minnesota hosted the Lake States Regional Module in 2018. We implemented changes to how the program was offered, including broadening the participant pool and shifting the delivery method. Broadening the participation pool allowed for greater collaboration among agencies. The blended delivery method, half online and half in-person, reduced costs, reduced length of travel for participants, and made resources such as reports, documents, maps, more easily accessible in participants' offices. We utilized multiple methods of active learning during the online sessions and focused on field activities and field trips when meeting in person. Overall, participants gave high ratings to the 2018 offering both in terms of content and effective delivery.


This thesis presents the results of an exploratory study into the morpho-syntactic awareness of character-level neural language models. The aim is to identify the source of performance and limitations of these models, such that future research can make theoryinformed efforts toward advancement. We analyze an English character-to-character language model in isolation and as embedded into systems for morphological and syntactic analysis. Findings point to an ability of the model to identify units of higher order, such as morphemes and words, when an explicit cue is available. We further run linguistic experiments on the model and observe that its ability to learn morphosyntactic regularities is conditioned on its access to the relevant units. These findings imply a limitation in the applicability of character-level models to their main target group, morphologically-rich languages.


In this paper,acircular aerostatic bearing with periodic orifice restrictors and feed pockets is studied and the static and dynamic characteristics of the bearing are investigated through the perturbation method.The steady Reynolds equation and the perturbed Reynolds equation are solved using the finite difference method.The static load capacity and stiffness,dynamic stiffness and dynamic damping coefficients are obtained numerically.Effects of the perturbation frequency on the dynamic stiffness and dynamic damping coefficients,as well as stability of the bearing,are analyzed.Our results indicate that stability of the bearing depends on the gas-film thickness and the supply pressure.As the supply pressure increases,the gas bearing becomes less stable.With the increase of the gas-film thickness,stability of gas bearing first increases and then decreases.


A consumer-oriented approach to quality improvement can assist firms in the agribusiness to sustain their profitability. A model of the food-quality percep tion process of consumers has been developed that can be used by firms to imple ment such a consumer-oriented quality strategy. An empirical study was conducted for meat to explore the relationships between the variables in the model. Consum ers' perceptions of quality can be meaningfully related to the physico-chemical characteristics of the meat cuts. Furthermore, consumers are willing to pay more for better quality meat.


Objective To investigate the effects of Yindanxinnaotong capsule on hemorrheology indexes and blood lipid levels in elderly patients with lacunar infarction (LI).Methods The hemorrheology indexes and blood lipid levels were measured in 62 elderly patients with LI, and then,compared with those of 50 healthy subjects. The hemorrheology indexes and lipid levels were re-measured to assess the therapeutic effect of Yindanxinnaotong capsule in 50 patients 45 d after the treatment. Results The hemorrheology indexes and the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patient group were significantly higher than those in healthy control group before the treatment (P<0.05). The hemorrheology indexes and blood lipid levels after the treatment with Yindanxinnaotong capsule in patient group were significantly improved as compared with those before treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion The obvious abnormalities of hemorrheology indexes and blood lipid levels are found in aged patients with LI and Yindanxinnaotong capsule can improve these abnormalities.

Key words:
Lacunar infarction;  Hemorrheology;  Blood lipid;  Yindanxinnaotong capsule


We focus on the robust H/sub /spl infin//control analysis and synthesis for uncertain switched linear systems. It is shown that the quadratic stability of one associated non-switched uncertain combination linear system implies the feasibility of H/sub /spl infin// control problem for an uncertain switched linear system. Then, the robust H/sub /spl infin// control synthesis via switched state feedback is studied. A switched state feedback controller is designed to quadratically stabilize the plant and achieve a prescribed disturbance attenuation level /spl gamma/ for all admissible uncertainties simultaneously. All the results in this paper can be regarded as an extension of some existing results for both switched and non-switched systems.


I didn't set out to become a data-driven librarian. The concept was still new when I was in library school, and smitten as I was with the human element of information structures and information seeking, the idea seemed detached, focused on mere numbers divorced from the daily face-to-face reality of a reference librarian. Well.


Heparin-induced skin changes, including skin necrosis, are not rare. We report on a female patient with terminal kidney failure, who developed skin necrosis about two weeks after commencing dialysis. With a low molecular heparin preparation, progression of the necrosis could be stopped only for a short time, as was the case with the semisynthetic heparinoid Danaparoid (Orgaran®). No further progression of the necrosis was seen when the dialysis was performed with prostaglandines, acetylsalicylic acid, or hirudin. Antibodies against heparin (positive HIPA-test) could be detected, together with a resistance to the activated protein C (APC-resistance), but without thrombocytopenia. Skin testing revealed strongly positive reactions to unfractionated heparin preparations, low molecular heparins, as well as weak reactions to Danaparoid.


A novel method of designing coupling reflectors for flash-lamp pumped laser systems is presented. The aim is to improve efficiency and beam quality. The performance of an actual dye laser incorporating such a reflector is compared with one which has a conventional elliptical reflector. The reasons why the novel mirror fails to show an improvement are given, along with suggestions for realizing the theoretically predicted improvements in practice.