There is still a large amount of hydrocarbon resource undeveloped in Fuyu resource for Daqing Oilfield,also is major exploration and development domain for Daqing.Its reservoir sand body is distributary channel deposit and fluvial-deltic environment Sand body thickness varies fast horizontally.The reservoirs have low porosity and low permeability.The channel sand body is hard to predict and identify.Aiming at this problem,seismic technology research is carried out in Fuyu reservoirs.The technologies of flatten interpretation along reference standard horizon,Picking up best window of body,Integration of multi-attribute analysis of seismic and Well seismic combined sedimentary facies characterization are adoped,which predict Fuyu oil layer of river sand and has achieved good results.Meandering river point bar has been a clear characterization,and In conjunction with drilling data analysis,carried out detailed characterization of sedimentary facies.This study provides the reliable evidence for searching the thin-layer lithologic reservoir.


Protestantism acted as a religious and cultural force in the religious field in the first decades of the Brazilian Republic. The notions of "field", "representation" and "belief" guided research for this paper. The paper analyses the regional origins, conflicts, numbers and representations of Protestantism in Maranhão. The Romanization of the Catholic Church in * Dr. Lyndon de Araújo Santos é professor no Depto. de História da UFMA Universidade Federal do Maranhão. www.pucsp.br/rever/rv1_2005/p_santos.pdf 1 Revista de Estudos da Religião No 1 / 2005 / pp. 1-14 ISSN 1677-1222 Maranhão defined strategies, conflicts, and control over popular devotions, and it shaped certain difficulties faced by these Protestants. The changes and transformations that occurred during the First Republic redefined new centers of sacredness in the Brazilian religious field. Maneuvering for positions in this field, Protestants constructed new meanings and identities by means of their institutions and publications. This Evangelical pluralism formed part of Brazil's emerging cultural and religious pluralism, and it articulated, along with other movements, the discourses of civilization and modernity. The paper analyses the intersection between Evangelical belief and Protestant historiography, drawing on the iconography of the well-known painting "The Narrow and the Broad Way", on Miguel Vieira Ferreira's biography, and on the disinterested views of journalist João do Rio. The other faces of a specifically Protestant sacredness in Brazilian culture were varied, ranging across paradigms of belief, representations, subjects and culture.


suggests, through recourse to 'proof' about the individual or group being stereotyped (for this would only reiterate the logic of the racist stereotype, namely that the stereotype reflects something real about the other, rather than the self). Instead Hook suggests that there is a pressing need to move beyond the negation evoked by the racist stereotype (a negation that refuses the existence of others in their own right), and towards a recognition of the 'fact' of difference as it stands. As glowing as this review may be, it would have been even more so had the text engaged a little more thoroughly in the earlier chapters with the sexual/racial fantasy so thoroughly explored in the later chapters. Hook is cognisant of the fact that his focus is primarily on race to the exclusion of other forms of difference as they are marked on the body, but in certain places the book would have benefited from a little more engagement with some of the literature on, for example, gender and race or sexuality and race. This is particularly noticeable in the otherwise excellent chapter on abjection, in which the work of Halperin (2007) would have extended the discussion of what it means to be abjecting or abjected. To conclude, this is a carefully written text that explores all of the nuances necessary to build up the case for the particular interpretive framework offered. As noted earlier, it will be of interest not simply to those researching and theorizing the postcolonial, but to those working in the field of racism in general and in psychology specifically.


A simulation model of Buck-chopper circuit was established in electromagnetic transient analysis software PSCAD.The simulation analysis of DC chopping circiut is performed attentively on the basis of the model.The simulation waveform is consistent with the results gotten by the method of conventional analysis.The result confirms that the PSCAD software can be applied to the power electronics technology simulation and research.


This study is to show the fact that it is an 'imagined community'(Anderson's term) that makes the moral life of individual possible. Morality finds its source on the one hand in the inner voice like conscience and on the other in the hand, the outside voice from the community. This article concerns ...


Application layer multicast is organized by end systems.Because those systems are various in capacity,however,bottlenecks will appear at some weak nodes if these nodes connect too many son nodes.This situation can be resulted by poor-designed algorithms.Proposes a new application layer multicast algorithm with degree-constrain function.Using the available bandwidth,the percentage of CPU occupied,the available memory and the number of processes of an end system,define a function to compute the connection capacity of it.The capacity is defined as the degree of the end system.Then,integrate the function into a specific-source tree application layer multicast algorithm to create a new algorithm with degree-constrain function.By means of the new algorithm,can produce a multicast overlay network with better performance.That is to say the multicast traffic load can be more easily balanced within the tree.With Java kit,also develop a multicast communication prototype using the proposed algorithm and have tested its performance.The experimental results demonstrate that the new algorithm can reduce the impact of the end systems to the multicast tree,make the average transmission delay shorter and increase the throughput of the multicast tree.


PART I. Acute and chronic response to vanadium following two methods of STZ-diabetes induction Controversial reports on the efficacy and possible toxicity of vanadium obtained from various studies may be attributed to differences in the method of diabetes induction and/or to differences in animal strains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of these two factors to the effects of vanadium in the treatment of diabetes. Two methods of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in rats have been used for studying the antidiabetic effects of vanadium. One involves a single intravenous (i.v.) injection of 60 mg/kg STZ, and the other uses two subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of 40 mg/kg STZ, to either Wistar or Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. In a 7-week chronic study, SD rats appeared to develop a more severe diabetes (indicated by higher plasma cholesterol and higher fasting plasma glucose levels) following the single i.v. injection of STZ than rats made diabetic by two s.c. injections of STZ. Irrespective of the method of diabetes induction or the strain of rat, the responses of all the diabetic animals to vanadyl sulphate treatment were similar. In a 1-week acute study, Wistar diabetic rats were more responsive than SD diabetic rats to vanadyl sulphate and to lower doses (0.6 and 0.8 mmol/kg) of a new organic compound, bis(maltolato)oxovanadium(IV).


Abstract : Current methods for evaluation of the moisture absorption of plastic insulations (ASTM-C-272-53 and ASTM-C-355-64) due to vapor pressure gradients or immersion rely on short time periods to predict long term performance. This procedure may not provide accurate information on performance since in practice insulations may absorb more moisture than these tests indicate. A series of tests were conducted on extruded polystyrene roof insulation that had been in place, exposed to environmental moisture and pressure gradients, for a maximum of 36 months. Results indicate that moisture absorption of 1.5% by volume can be expected in the field. (Author)


Soil stabilization is the process which improves the physical properties of soil, such as increasing shear strength, bearing capacity etc. which can be done by use of controlled compaction or addition of suitable mixtures like cement, lime and waste materials like cement, fly ash, phosphogypsum, plastic etc. This research work mainly focuses on soil stabilization using cement to improve geotechnical properties such as plasticity, compaction, and unconfined compressive strength of the studied soil.These properties were determined before as well as after the stabilization of soil.In this work it is found that the dry density of soil increased and optimum moisture content decreased by addition of cement in various properties. Also it is observed that at 15% addition of cement, no change is found in dry density as well as in moisture contents. Keywords-Specific Gravity Test,WaterContent Test,Standard ProctorTest,California Bearing Ratio Test,Unconfined CompressionTest.


Through the formation of the modern Chinese woman writer Chen Xue-zhao's style of creative writing, this paper seeks to explore the possible space for the growth of women's writing in modern literary history. Facts have proved that women's writing was swept along by the aesthetic tide of the musculine literature and had to adapt itself to and reproduce the mainstream speech, which was the only way out for it to assert itself in the literary field. Chen Xue-zhao's works were recognized only when they adapted to the lucid and graceful aesthetic appeal of the mainstream narration, blotting out their unique, vivid and tangible will of life. The peculiar relationship between literature and new-democratic revolution in a non-independent, institutionalized field had deprived Chen Xue-zhao and writers of her like of the necessary space for writing.


In the past few decades there has been a growing controversy in society and in the Church over evolution and the age of the earth. Some Christians accept the idea of billions of years, as taught by the scientific establishment, while others contend that Scripture requires that we believe that creation is only a few thousand years old. Systematic theology texts are influential in this debate as they are used in the training of future pastors, missionaries, and seminary and Christian college professors and are also read by many lay people, thus affecting the Church's witness. After briefly explaining the evidence in defense of the young-earth creationist view and why this subject is important, three deservedly respected theology textbooks will be examined regarding their teachings on the age of the earth. It will be argued that in spite of their many helpful remarks, these scholars have not adequately explained the biblical truth on this subject nor have they persuasively defended their old-earth positions and provided convincing rebuttals to the young-earth view. On this subject then, I conclude, these systematic theology texts are not helping but rather hindering the Church in her witness in our evolutionized world. (This is a slightly revised version of a paper the author presented at the annual meeting of the Evangelical Theological Society in November 2006. Two of the authors of the critiqued texts [Grudem and Lewis] read the paper shortly thereafter but to date have given no specific responses to this critique of their views.)


Latent residual injury contributing to the acute lethal response in RF/J mice 80 to 120 days old after x ray doses of 100 to 650 r was estimated at 2 days after exposure by determining the additional dose required to produce 50% mortality in 30 days. The fraction of latent damage repaired, as measured by this technique, decreased progressively with increasing dose. On the assumption that the recovery pattern can be described by a simple exponential equation, recovery nate constants for the various doses were estimated. It was concluded that the recovery rate decreased inversely with the square of the dose, and it was suggested that equations using recovery rate constants should be modified accordingly. When repair was expressed in terms of roentgens of latent damage repaired, it appeared that a maximum rate of repair occurred at a dose of 300 r. Higher doses severely depressed the repair mechanism. (auth)


This thesis analyzes Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's contribution to the revival of chivalric ideals in late Victorian England. The primary sources of this study are Doyle's historical novels and the secondary sources address the different aspects of the revival of the chivalric ideals. The first two chapters introduce Doyle's historical novels, and the final four chapters define the revival, the class and gender issues surrounding the revival, and the illustration of these in Doyle's novels. The conclusion of the thesis asserts that Doyle supported the revival of chivalric ideals, and the revival attempted to maintain, in the late nineteenth century, the traditional class and gender structure of the Middle Ages.


Abstract : A limited evaluation of the use of the Millipore Field Monitor Kit was made aboard four operating submarines. It was found that the chief drawback to the kit was that the hospital corpsmen must be thoroughly indoctrinated in its use. Self indoctrination is not possible. A few minor technical difficulties were encountered in the kits but have since been corrected by the manufacturer. The advantages are as follows: Kit is compact and portable, simple to operate, tests can be completely performed aboard submarines, results can be obtained within 24 hours, the test requires no expensive equipment and the test is relatively inexpensive to perform.


Abstract Let A be the adjacency matrix of a graph G and suppose U(t) = exp(itA). We say that we have perfect state transfer in G from the vertex u to the vertex v at time t if there is a scalar γ of unit modulus such that U(t)eu = γ ev. It is known that perfect state transfer is rare. So C.Godsil gave a relaxation of this definition: we say that we have pretty good state transfer from u to v if there exists a complex number γ of unit modulus and, for each positive real ϵ there is a time t such that ‖U(t)eu–γ ev‖ < ϵ. In this paper, the quantum state transfer on 1-sum of star graphs Fk,l is explored. We show that there is no perfect state transfer on Fk,l, but there is pretty good state transfer on Fk,l if and only if k = l.


Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Chemistry
in the Faculty of Applied Science
at the
CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
2014


This paper summarizes the previous studies on sediment transport efficiency in the lower Yellow mainstream and analyzes the field data of this river to study the influence of flow fluctuations on the transport efficiency.An index of fluctuation ratio is adopted to quantify the flow fluctuations.The analysis reveals that the water volume demand for unit sediment transport is minimized at a fluctuation ratio of 0.6,showing a trend that appropriate fluctuation ratio improves sediment transport rate.To verify this trend further,a physical model of movable bed generalization was designed and tested to carefully examine the dependence of sediment transport on fluctuation ratio.The test results show that as the fluctuation ratio increases,the water volume demand increases first and then decreases,the same phenomena as that derived from field data analysis.A further examination by using a comprehensive fluctuation index indicates that a peak transport efficiency can be achieved if the fluctuating flow has a standard deviation of 4.03L / s(fluctuation ratio is 0.375) and a fluctuation period of one hour.


Polycrystalline Ce3Pd4Sn6 samples were synthesized by arc-melting and subsequent annealing at 970 K. Specific heat, electrical resistivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements are performed over a wide range in temperature and provide hints for the presence of a complex magnetic ordering below 3 K arising from three crystallographically independent Ce sites. This behaviour is driven by a complex interplay between ferro-, ferri-, and antiferromagnetic correlations among the Ce atoms.


Two cases of granulocytic sarcoma presenting as childhood proptosis are described. This highlights the significance of peripheral blood smear examination in establishing the diagnosis of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML).


This paper deals with an Optical Character Recognition system for printed Urdu, a popular Pakistani/Indian script and is the third largest understandable language in the world, especially in the subcontinent but fewer efforts are made to make it understandable to computers. Lot of work has been done in the field of literature and Islamic studies in Urdu, which has to be computerized. In the proposed system individual characters are recognized using our own proposed method/ algorithms. The feature detection methods are simple and robust. Supervised learning is used to train the feed forward neural network. A prototype of the system has been tested on printed Urdu characters and currently achieves 98.3% character level accuracy on average .Although the system is script/ language independent but we have designed it for Urdu characters only.


Lily Bait is the heroine of The house of mirth, the novel by American writer Edith Wharton, while Carrie Meeber is the protagonist of Theodore Dreiser's Sister Carrie. Both novels are set at the beginning of 20th century and criticize a changing American society in which people were forced to recognize the influence of money and struggled to realize their "American Dream". On the one hand, Lily and Carrie greatly resemble each other in marriage motivation, living environment standard of values, and moral awareness. On the other hand, their different levels of upholding moral values lead to their different fates.


To improve air change rate and exercise site's thermal comfort of gymnasium under natural ventilation in hot and humid areas, taking Guangzhou as an example, symmetrical model, unsymmetrical model, and unsymmetrical model with corbel table were simulated and calculated with Fluent and other software. The result indicates that, compared with symmetrical mode, unsymmetrical model and unsymmetrical model with corbel table can improve exercise site's wind velocity and integral air change rate, and the latter model improves more. Based on unsymmetrical model with corbel table, window-opening ventilation strategies for competition are further put forward. In the end, it discusses about the influence towards thermal comfort of exercise site by natural ventilation in different form models and different use modes.


Successful Invaders Invasive species have been integrated into ecosystems worldwide, and in many cases can cause significant ecological and economic damage. Not all non-native species, however, become invasive species; thus there has been much effort put toward understanding what makes a non-native "colonizer" an invader. It has been thought that, in general, successful invaders tend to be those that produce a large amount of offspring over a very short period of time, however, this pattern is absent in many successful invaders. Sol et al. (p. 580) looked at over 2700 invasions by bird species across the world and found no relationship between population growth rate and invasion success, although rapidly reproducing species could have an advantage when the new environment resembled their native environment. Furthermore, in many cases, those species that could prioritize survival, and delay reproduction, were much more successful than those forced to reproduce regardless of environmental conditions. Allocating resources to long-lived adults is one means by which birds succeed in new niches. Despite considerable current interest in biological invasions, the common life-history characteristics of successful invaders remain elusive. The widely held hypothesis that successful invaders have high reproductive rates has received little empirical support; however, alternative possibilities are seldom considered. Combining a global comparative analysis of avian introductions (>2700 events) with demographic models and phylogenetic comparative methods, we show that although rapid population growth may be advantageous during invasions under certain circumstances, more generally successful invaders are characterized by life-history strategies in which they give priority to future rather than current reproduction. High future breeding expectations reduce the costs of reproductive failure under uncertain conditions and increase opportunities to explore the environment and respond to novel ecological pressures.


In the framework of the ESS-Bilbao accelerator, a test stand for the development of Secondary Electron EMission grid (SEM-Grid) has been designed and manufactured as a part of the diagnostics system for beam profile measurements. This test stand is a vacuum system based on an EQ 22/35 electron source from SPECS used as a beam injector. This electron source has an energy range from 0 to 5 KeV and a maximum beam current up to 200 μA. Although we have thought in a SEM-Grid of 40 wires (20 wires in each X and Y direction), two prototypes of 16 wires (8x8) of 250 μm diameter and spaced 1 and 2 mm, respectively, have been developed due to its easier implementation and tested in the test stand. In order to develop an electronics readout system for the SEM-Grid, first studies of the prototype signals have been done. The secondary emission current of each wire will be integrated and amplified to provide a significant voltage signal that can be measured by our acquisition system. A description of the SEM-Grid test stand and the measurements developed is given here.


The article solves the problem of determining the velocity field for the deflection perfectly rigid-ring three-layer composite plate, the middle layer is reinforced with fibers, which is under the influence of concentrated load ring. It is shown that the plate is divided into four annular zones, each of which implements various plastic states. The equations for the unknown radius separating the plastic zone, the velocity field deflections in each zone.


Results of two global surveys show that informal benchmarking ranking the top 20% of the most popular organization improvement tools. The results also indicate that informal benchmarking is not as effective as it is popular, therefore there is room to enhance its performance. The focus of this paper is twofold. Firstly, it illustrates the conception of a preliminary model of informal benchmarking by the review of benchmarking, informal learning, organization learning and knowledge management, augmented by ideas on quantum thinking, innovation and positive deviance. Discussions with benchmarking practitioners were also held to strengthen the model. Secondly, it outlines a mixed methods approach to obtain data (not yet completed) on informal benchmarking practices in organizations via quantitative surveys and qualitative semi-structured interviews. The data will then be used to refine the conceptual model, prepare an assessment framework, and design a road- map for implementing an effective organization-wide approach of informal benchmarking. This will set the stage for a quantum leap in the understanding and effectiveness of informal benchmarking as a business improvement tool. The research also provide a platform for an extension of its theory in organizational improvement.


Polymer membranes loaded with agrochemicals are used as controlled release monolithic dispensers in pest control. Plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) dispensers loaded with a fixed concentration of gossyplure pheromone were prepared by a solution-casting method. A solvent trap system was designed and fabricated to collect the gossyplure released from the dispenser at desired intervals of time. The release of pheromone was estimated quantitatively by using high-performance liquid chromatography. The rate of release is found to be slightly higher in the first 12 h and then it became steady, obeying Fick's law of diffusion. The diffusion coefficient of the pheromone is observed to be directly proportional to the concentration of the plasticizer in the dispenser. Simultaneously, the rate of release of pheromone from the dispenser was also determined by a gravimetric desorption method. The diffusion coefficient data obtained from the gravimetric desorption method was found to be fairly comparable to that obtained from high-performance liquid chromatographic estimation. The results indicate the authenticity and reliability of the gravimetric desorption method. The dispensers were found to release gossyplure at reasonably controlled rates even after 30 days. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 64: 1373–1380, 1997


A two-dimensional nonlinear gauge theory that can be proposed for generalization to higher dimensions is derived by means of cohomological arguments.


Methodological nationalism takes the nation-state as a pre-given container of social life, and thereby treats internal and international migrations as separate matters. Epistemological behaviouralism redresses this by removing the conceptual divide between internal and international but is problematic in regarding migration as a human behaviour distinct in itself. In explaining why and how these two pitfalls need to be addressed in tandem, I first trace how these contrasting viewpoints are historically deeply intertwined. I then draw on examples from China to demonstrate that migrations should be understood as composites of actions carried out by multiple actors and institutions, which in their turn lead to and become part of other social processes. Internal and international migrations are interlinked as constituted and constitutive assemblages. In the case of China, the nation-state is a central link between the two, and is at the same time itself reconfigured by mobilities. Instead of promoting migration as a subject matter in its own right and migration studies as a distinct field, this article seeks to turn migration into an analytical perspective to examine broad social changes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


One of the main ideas of modern educational policy is the introduction of the federal standard (FSES HE 3++), which imposes special requirements for the organization and content of the entire educational system from general education to university levels. This approach ensures the unity of the all-Russian educational space from the continuity of the acquired knowledge to the guarantee of its quality. The introduction of FSES HE 3 ++ allows universities to quickly reflect the requirements and demands of the modern labor market, as well as to form effective competition on the Russian and foreign platform for the provision of educational services. The process of transition from one educational standard to another is observed, while the problem of ambiguous interpretation of some concepts of the same phenomena in the education system arises. One of the leading directions of modern higher education, fully revealing the content, effectiveness and quality of education, is the competence-based approach. The application of this approach in the context of the global modernization of the educational system forms a set of key competencies for a university graduate, which will be successfully implemented in the professional sphere in the future. With the advancement of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education 3 ++ to universities, a new name for competencies arose - universal competencies. They detailed the previous formulations of general cultural and professional competences of previous versions of educational standards.


Stop-loss reinsurance is one type of reinsurance contract that has attracted recent attention. In the simplest form of this contract, a reinsurer agrees to pay all losses of the insurer in excess of an agreed limit. This paper concerns the computation of bounds on the stop{loss premium when the loss distribution is unknown, but information about past claim experience is available in the form of frequencies of claims in each of a set of intervals. We use a dual approach to calculate the bounds on the premium by placing limits on the chi{square statistic or modi ed chi-square statistic as measures of the proximity of the loss distribution to the empirical distribution. This approach requires optimization with respect to a single dual variable if the chi-square statistic is Reinsurance Group of America, 1370 Timberlake Manor Parkway, Chester eld, MO 63017 Dept. of Industrial Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242


In this paper, the author examines the potential benefits of advanced traveler information systems (ATIS). The examination is based on the results of three field operational tests of ATIS in California: TravInfo, TransCal, and Yosemite Area ATIS. Focus is on the different methods of assessing short- and long-term user benefits.


Abstract According to art 10:101 of the Principles of European Tort Law (PETL), tort law pursues two objectives: compensation and the prevention of harm. The following contribution argues that modern tort law pursues a much wider range of objectives. The author identifies a total of eleventh functions which interact and complement each other. He suggests for a future version of the PETL to explicitly mention the whole range of objectives. Naming the full range would facilitate the application of tort law and a teleological interpretation of its provisions, which is, alongside the grammatical interpretation, the most important method for legal interpretation in continental Europe.


Objective: To establish the method to determine some anti-epilepsy drugs PB,DPH and CBZ concentration in the blood by HPLC. Methods: Under the circumstance of PH 7.6, the samples were extracted by dichloromethane, and dried in the bath of 50℃ water by the pure air, then they were dissolved by methanol and analyzed by chromatography with the conditions: ELITEC C 18; mobile phase: methanol-water (60∶40); flowing rate: 1mL/min; column temperature: room; wave length:275nm. Results: The retaining time of PB,DPH and CBZ was 3.55min, 5.89min, 7.14min,the lowest concentration that can be detected was 1.21ug/ml, 0.79ug/ml and 0.44ug/ml. With the 3 different concentration, the average of the recovery rates were 00.18%,98.32% and 100.06% respectively. The difference between the day and night was averagely lower than 9.87%, the interference of other anti-epilepsy medications was unseen, the analyzed scope had the better linear relation. Conclusion: This method is quite simple, rapid and accurate, it is suitable to be used in determining the concentration of anti-epilepsy in human plasma.


Objective To observe the expression change of P2X4 receptor in glia cells and neurons in dorsal vagal complex(DVC) of medullary visceral zone(MVZ) after diffuse brain injury(DBI) in rats.To provide the data for clinical prevention of DBI.Methods Based on successful model of rat DBI,immuno-fluorescence staining and immune electron microscopy methods were used to observe the expression of P2X4 receptor in glia cells and neurons in DVC of MVZ after DBI.Results The expression of P2X4 receptor in glia cells and neurons in DVC of MVZ is not obviously 1 hour after DBI.And the first peak of P2X4 receptor expression happened in 2 hours after DBI.12 hours after DBI,another peak of P2X4 receptor expression took place.Immune electron microscopy showed that P2X4 receptor is almost not expressed on normal neurons of DVC and glia cells.The P2X4 receptor began to express 2 hours after DBI.The expression of P2X4 receptor increased obviously 12 hours after DBI and decreased 24 hours after DBI.Conclusion P2X4 receptor might be the information medium of neurons of DVC and glia cells after DBI.It also might be the initiating factor to aggravate cerebral edema.


The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are a large group of inherited neurologic disorders that share the primary symptom of difficulty in walking due to weakness and spasticity in the lower limbs. Spastic paraplegia-48 (SPG48) is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterized by spasticity of the lower limbs resulting in gait difficulties. Biallelic mutations in AP5Z1 are known to cause this complex form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) referred to as SPG48 (MIM#613647). Most patients have onset in mid- or late-adulthood, although childhood onset has been reported in 1 patient. Additional features may include parkinsonism, urinary incontinence, neuropathy, and mild cognitive impairment. We report a 49-year-old male with SPG48 with a novel mutation. This is the first SPG48 case report in an Indian patient and to the best of our knowledge this mutation is the first to be reported worldwide.


The adoption of self-driving technologies requires addressing public concerns about their reliability and trustworthiness. To understand how user experience in self-driving vehicles is influenced by the level of risk and head-up display (HUD) information, using virtual reality (VR) and a motion simulator, we simulated risky situations including accidents with HUD information provided under different conditions. The findings revealed how HUD information related to the immediate environment and the accident's severity influenced the user experience (UX). Further, we investigated galvanic skin response (GSR) and self-reported emotion (Valence and Arousal) annotation data and analyzed correlations between them. The results indicate significant differences and correlations between GSR data and self-reported annotation data depending on the level of risk and whether or not information was provisioned through HUD. Hence, VR simulations combined with motion platforms can be used to observe the UX (trust, perceived safety, situation awareness, immersion and presence, and reaction to events) of self-driving vehicles while controlling the road conditions such as risky situations. Our results indicate that HUD information provision significantly increases trust and situation awareness of the users, thus improving the user experience in self-driving vehicles.


There is known a strut mount a motor vehicle body, comprising a cast aluminum component. The object of the invention is to provide a motor vehicle body with a spring strut locator, whose function is to present a high weight advantage over a steel structure and occupy the smallest possible space. According to the invention is a spring leg holder (4) of a vehicle body, a cast component, which consists of a light metal. The strut mount (4) is provided with at least one other bearing member (1, 3) connected to the motor vehicle body, which consists of an iron material. Through the use of a light metal such as an aluminum or a magnesium alloy for the spring strut locator (4) a considerable weight saving is obtained with respect to a strut mount made of a ferrous material.


The periodical reservoir operation leads to a great change of physical properties of soft rock,thus affects the long-term load-bearing capacity of a rock-socketed pile.This paper investigates the axial load bearing capacity of rock-socketed pile with physical models under four working conditions,and gets the characteristics of axial force,pile side friction and end resistance of piles socketed in weak rock.On the basis of test data,this paper also conducts a 3D elasto-plastic finite element analysis for the axial bearing capacity,shaft friction,and end resistance of the piles with different lengths and diameters under three working conditions,which can provide a thereoretical basis and a practical method for designing piles socketed in weak rock in inland river reservoirs.


scribers (128) that GEPON can handle as well as doubling the transmission distance (to 40 km). Moreover, users can enjoy Secure COmmunication in ActiON because it is a switch-based system. However, ActiON has to overcome a Discovery-Ranglng process issue because an optical switch cannot broadcast slgnals. In this paper, the architecture of ActiON and a novel Discovery-Ranglng process technique is proposed. The proposed access system architecture and high-speed PLZT switch will be able to be applied to next generation broadband access systems.


Abstract Resor House can be considered significant since it provides a meaningful clue to understanding the changes in Mies′ conception of architectural space, particularly the relationship between the interior and the exterior spaces. In this light, this paper focuses on the following characteristics of the living room of Resor House. Firstly, in terms of spatial characteristics, the paper discusses the idea that there is an enhanced relationship between the interior and the exterior spaces of Resor House. This is achieved by minimizing the use of fixed elements other than the ceiling and floor in the living room space, and through the emphasis of its objet-like characteristic, resulting in a homogeneous, continuous, and hierarchical composition for the overall living room space. Secondly, the paper examines the idea that a building can act as a visual frame that forms a single integrated visual whole between the inside and the outside, while maintaining the inherent properties of the interior and exterior spaces. This aspect can explain the fact that after Resor House, the role of architecture as a device to create the relationship between spaces, especially of those between the interior and exterior, becomes more emphasized in Mies′ architecture. In addition, Resor House is also significant in that concrete solutions to the country house idea, which appeared conceptually during Mies′ German era, particularly as a precise study on its interior space, are actively suggested through this project. In so doing, Resor House exemplifies Mies′ concrete experiments on the possibility of integrating the interior space into the exterior environment on a site that has abundant natural features.


May-June, 1975 449 M ETOCLOPRAMIDE (AHR-3070, Maxolon*) was introduced for use in man about ten years ago. It is chemically related to procainamide and is available in oral, intramuscular, and intravenous form for administration. It is useful for increasing gastrointestinal peristalsis while relaxing the duodenal bulb.1 It is also indicated for control of nausea and vomiting associated with general anesthesia and


The aim of this article is to find out the failure modes and laws of the concrete masonry wall under different blast loadings,and provide reference for the structural design.Firstly,only one concrete block width wall was used to replace the whole wall to simplify the model and the powerful finite element method software LS-DYNA was used to simulate numerically the behaviors of the wall.The result indicates that the concrete masonry wall will be failure at different levels under the different blast loadings and the failures begin from the mid-span of the walls.It can be concluded that with the increase of the blast load,the failure point spread from the midspan to the edge gradually.When the peak pressure comes to 0.36Mpa,the debris will fly out from the wall and the wall will fall under the gravity.The analyses compare reasonably well with experimental results.


Background: The current increasing awareness about quality system in clinical laboratories and increasing attention on patient safety and the need to reduce lab errors, it is important to know the prevalence of error rates in the whole testing process, including pre examination, examination and post examination phases, so that the preventive actions can be taken for good lab results. The goal of this study to was to analyse the prevalence and type of errors contributing to the errors in the clinical laboratory during 1 year period. Materials and Methods: This study was done for a period of one year 2014-2015, taking the retrospective data in the clinical laboratory. Results and Discussion: Out of 97295 samples received in this period, 70-90% problems occurred during the pre and post examination phase. Conclusion:Based on these finding, the proper collection and transportation are prime steps involved in the testing process. If this area is compromised, it will significantly affect the patient result and patient safety. So continuing medical education programmes are needed to improve the quality of lab reports.


Disclosed are a device communication method and apparatus, which relate to the field of communications. The apparatus comprises: a resource allocation module, a signalling generation module, and a signalling transmission module. The method comprises: when an unlicensed spectrum is available for use, allocating to a UE first wireless resources of the unlicensed spectrum, said spectrum being a spectrum that allows all wireless access systems to compete for use thereof; on the basis of the allocated first wireless resources, generating control signalling corresponding to the UE, the control signalling carrying indication information used to indicate the first wireless resources; transmitting control signalling to the UE so that the UE can utilize the first wireless resources indicated in the indication information to implement data transfer in device-to-device (D2D) communication mode. The present invention solves the problem of eNB allocation of wireless resources to UEs in D2D communication mode being unable to meet the ever-increasing demand for spectrum. The invention thus increases communication efficiency between UEs operating in D2D communication mode.


A statistical thermodynamic model of the nonstoichiometry in ABO3 compounds possessing volatile AO species is applied to mass−loss Knudsen effusion experimental (p,T,x) data. Good qualitative agreement is found between the model and the experiment. The nonstoichiometry is assumed to be accommodated by randomly occurring uncharged Schottky defects with an energy of formation about +0.5 eV/defect and an interaction energy of about −0.1 eV/defect pair. However, the theoretical model deviates from the experimental data describing the relationship between vapor pressure and the PbTiO3 defect concentration. This observation suggests that some refinements in the model (such as a consideration of the ordering and/or charging of lattice vacancies) will be necessary.


Preface The naming of this book has been more than ordinarily difficult. Even a proper "short title," "Theory of Literature and Methodology of Literary Study," would be too cumbersome. Before the nineteenth century one might have managed, for then a full, analytic title could have covered the title-page while the spine bore the inscription "Literature." We have written a book which, so far as we know, lacks any close parallel. It is not a textbook introducing the young to the elements of literary appreciation nor (like Morize's Aims and Methods) a survey of the techniques employed in scholarly research. Some continuity it may claim with Poetics and Rhetoric (from Aristotle down through Blair, Campbell, and Karnes), systematic treatments of the genres of belles-lettres and stylistics, or with books called Principles of Literary Criticism. But we have sought to unite "poetics" (or literary theory) and "criticism" (evaluation of literature) with "scholarship" ("research") and "literary history" (the "dynamics" of literature, in contrast to the "statics" of theory and criticism). It comes nearer to certain German and Russian works, Walzel's Gehalt und Gestalt, or Julius Petersen's Die Wissenschajt von der Dichtungy or Tomashevsky's Literary Theory. In contrast to the Germans, however, we have avoided mere reproductions of the views of others and, though we take into account other perspectives and methods, have written from a consistent point of view; in contrast to Tomashevsky, we do not undertake to give elementary instruction on such topics as prosody. We are not eclectic like the Germans or doctrinaire like the Russian. By the standards of older American scholarship, there is something grandiose and even "unscholarly" about the very attempt to formulate the assumptions on which literary study is conducted (to do which one must go beyond "facts") and something presumptuous in our effort to survey and evaluate highly specialized investigations. Every specialist will unavoidably be dissatisfied with our account of his specialty. But we have not aimed at minute completeness: the literary examples cited are always examples, not "proof" ; the bibliographies are "selective." Nor have we undertaken to answer all the questions we raise. We have judged it of central use to ourselves and others to be international in our scholarship, to ask the right questions, to provide an organon of method.


Queen Elizabeth II admiring orchids at an official event in Brisbane during her 1977 visit to Australia. The Duke of Edinburgh and the Premier of Queensland's wife Flo Bjelke-Peterson stand behind the Queen.
Comments: Queen Elizabeth visited Australia as part of her Silver Jubilee tour of the Commonwealth. While in Australia, she presided over the State Opening of Parliament in Canberra, visited all capital cities plus Launceston, Newcastle and other regional centres.
Inscription: In an album labelled "Visit to Australia of Her Majesty The Queen and His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh, 7 March to 30 March 1977".
Previous Control Number: UMA/I/6193
Previous Control Number: PA/129


We present the results of charged current quasielastic(CCQE) scattering cross sections from free as well as bound nucleons like in $^{12}C$, $^{16}O$, $^{40}Ar$ and $^{208}Pb$ nuclear targets in $E_\nu(_{\bar\nu})~\le~ $1 GeV energy region.
The results are obtained using local Fermi gas model with and without RPA effect.
The differences those may arise in the electron and muon production cross sections due to the different lepton mass, uncertainties in the axial dipole mass $M_A$ and pseudoscalar form factor, and due to the inclusion of second class currents have been highlighted for neutrino/antineutrino induced processes.


The invention discloses a microwave long distance extension system. The microwave long distance extension system has long distance management and maintenance functions, can simplify tedious management and maintenance tasks, reduces running costs of a device, has the advantages of being high in retransmission speed, reliable in data and convenient to migrate, and achieves positive promotion functions for improving service quality of a microwave communication network, enhancing competitiveness of the microwave communication network, and further extending a coverage range of the microwave communication network.


This rapid review looks at the publicly available evidence in relation to lessons and best practice from joint (donor, government and non-state armed actors) coordination of donor support for peace processes. A rapid review has time limitations which mean what is presented is based on an overview of public literature and a few expert comments, rather than a systematic and rigorous study, and the findings should be understood in this light. There appear to be few cases of such joint coordination, especially in relation to the involvement of non-state armed groups, and very little information regarding lessons and best practices in relation to their principles, structure and


The world's largest class unsteady turbulence simulations of flow around vehicles were conducted using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) on the Earth Simulator in Japan. The main objective of our study is to investigate the validity of LES, as an alternative to a conventional wind tunnel measurement or the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes method, for the assessment of vehicle aerodynamics.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


You should try to take children outside regularly, whether on occasional special outings or just for a short walk. This can present challenges and needs some careful forethought. Sue Griffin looks at some of the safety aspects, and why it's worth the effort!


dren learnLng to ead are of to ii e xp4se d to *stories" which are xeally little mer inn lists of sentences. good stcry has at leadk coral-mit; and 'tifliatwhich may be analyzed, in two ways= story gnammar (analysis of tting and plot) and plank and beliefs (analysis of the plans and beliefs of the characters, including the reader 's understanding of the events of the story). Using the story "r he Fox and th.e lioos-ter" to illustrate these tvo methods of text anal/els, we find tile* story grawmar provides a summary of events but ignorers the i maternal otr ucture of the plans and the beliefs of the characters concerning sactions which occur. A plans and beliefs analysis includes an Anal 551,4 of the reader because -individuals' have different bewitefs esackezpectaticas (for example, atout fcxes, roasters, dogs, arid stories) . Sometimes the writer understandiug and the reader' s understaniang axe different, and "maisunderstanding" of the star}, results. this aple4rs as a reader coaprehenpion problem bat mar to a FrabLese c*f point of vie about social roles and behavior as dise.overed th.roqg b a _liana and beliefs analysis. (rJ)


There is no such thing as a gilt-edged investment but how do some fund managers consistently out-perform all the rest? They go by the name of the Grand Masters, but even they are wary of the game at the back-end of a bear market. So the only guarantee you'll get is that some of the best advice from most of the best investment minds is gathered here in this book. It's easy to understand but will you follow?


The main concern of this article is to illustrate how West Point equips future Army officers with an appreciation and understanding of cultural knowledge. A unique, multidisciplinary goal-based approach to curricular design and assessment (of students as well as the academic program) is described, focusing on the structure, process, and content of student experiences that contribute to the achievement of the cultural perspectives goal. The author reviews what the institution's assessment data are telling us about student achievement of this goal and how we use this evidence to improve the academic quality of the curriculum. And finally, the article draws informative lessons from our experience, particularly in terms of models and processes that may prove helpful for other colleges and universities throughout the United States that are striving to ensure their undergraduates acquire a robust cultural perspective.


The abalones of H.diversicolor supertexta with an average body weight of 14.25±2.21g can survive over a starvation period of 20 days at 24.3±1.7°C water temperature,(30.42±1.63)‰ salinity,and pH of 8.15±0.11.The concentration of haemolymph protein in the abalones varied slightly in five days when exposed to starvation and substantially dropped progressively after seven days of starvation.Based on these resutls,it is surmised that there was mass humoral protein consumed for life support from 7d to 20d during starvation.The abalones survived with following decreases: a) phagocytosis activity of haemocytes;b) respiratory burst;c) haemolymph lysozyme activity;d) haemolymph agglutination titers and e) anti-infectious immunity during starvation;however,some immune parameters,such as haemolymph clearance efficiency,phagocytosis activity of haemocytes,respiratory burst and haemolymph lysozyme activity,sometimes went up somewhat in the first five days of starvation.Consequently,it is suggested that the abalones are born with functions of starvation stress adaptation.In early period of starvation the abalones did protect themselves and adaptate to surroundings by the way of improving immune effection owing to subnutrition,and this biophilia styles of stress adaptation and natural ability maintaining changed or degenerated from day seven of starvation resulted from seriously poor nutritional state and excessively intravital resources degradation.Perhaps the haemolymph lysozyme activity and agglutinating titers decreased resulting from reduction of haemolymph protein,while the intracellular granules reduction may directly result in haemolymph lysozyme activity and agglutinating titers dropped.


An analytical solution for computing the temperature distribution of air and water over the height through the cooling tower is so complex that finding the exact solution takes too much time. The purpose of this paper is to present efficient and accurate analytical expressions for the heat and mass transfer model in cooling towers. Based on the method of functional analysis, we derived an analytical solution for temperature distribution of water and air by using the method of solving linear differential equations. The error estimation, the existence, and uniqueness of the solution are given by using contraction mapping theorem. The basic equation of the model on the basis of the additional assumptions on the cooling tower is solved, and the outlet parameters are also obtained.


The recent overturning of genetically engineered (GE) crop moratoriums in New South Wales (NSW) and Victoria along with PR-101 rhetoric is discussed. Over 250 Australian companies have recently spoken out against GE crops that are contaminating normal crops.


In partnership with leading petroleum companies, Cray Research established supercomputing as a mainstream production tool for applications such as seismic data processing and reservoir simulation. But to tackle even more demanding "grand challenge" problems—such as 3-D prestack depth migration, multimillion‐cell reservoir simulations, and applications that integrate several scientific disciplines into one computational problem—the industry will need to exploit the potential of massively parallel processing (MPP) technology.


For nearly a decade archaeologists and cultural resource management (CRM) specialists have been using the Geographic Information System (GIS) and related technologies to answer spatially-linked archaeological questions and to manage cultural resource data. At the heart of the GIS approach is the principle that any information about the earth's characteristics or spatial resources-such as water, soil, vegetation and land-form-can be digitally recorded and quantitatively analyzed. Here, the author shows how the Transjordan GIS Mapping Project (STGMP) is using this new tool.


On August 8th, 2009, Typhoon Morakot swept through Taiwan, causing incalculable losses in the regions of Tainan, Kaohsiung, Pingtung, and Taitung, among others. Metropolitan areas on the plains, as well as aboriginal tribes in the rural areas, were devastated. Due to the loss of home and a habitable environment suffered by some communities, the government offered to relocate entire villages to safer locales. The government hoped to move certain tribal communities to the plains, where they would have a more hospitable environment to flourish in. But in the face of such a policy, the aboriginal tribes were much conflicted. Their customs, culture, and way of life could not help but clash with that of the Han Chinese, which makes up over ninety percent of the Taiwanese population. Their rural economy and farming methods were ill-suited to adapt to the metropolitan market. This in-depth report focuses on the coffee industry in Taiwu, a rural township in Pingtung County. By observing the changes Typhoon Morakot brought upon the township, and by conducting field research, this report aspires to present the past, present, and future of the Taiwu coffee industry. The subject of this in-depth report is Taiwu Village, and the Taiwu Township to which it belongs, in the wake of Typhoon Morakot. Taiwu Village is slated for relocation. Sources of data include local coffee farmers, the local gentry, and the local government. The timeline of this report spans from colonial times, when the Japanese first planted coffee in Taiwan; to a period when the coffee industry was largely neglected; to when it was revived due to modern coffee consumption. We report upon the problems faced by the Taiwu coffee industry in recent times, as well as how the industry aims to survive after Taiwu Village is relocated.


Submicron MOSFET's fabricated on SIMOX substrates present a good tolerance to aging induced by hot carrier injection in the front gate oxide. Stressing the back channel reveals the formation of localized defects at the buried interface which are responsible for a large transconductance overshoot and an attenuation of the kink effect.


One of the environmental changes that have successfully influenced the world of education universally is the pace of digital technology. In the context of education, the emergence of the concept of developing modern technology based on Internet of Things (IoT) and distance learning, certainly demands the optimization of technological utilization. Islamic Education is a catalyst for cross-generation spiritual literacy developers who should not be ignorant of any changes that occur. Responding to the increasingly unpredictable rate of digital technology, an attitude of awareness needs to be done, one of which is through mainstreaming digital inclusion in learning so that the advancement of digital technology can be restored to its role as a medium to increase the effectiveness of knowledge not as a barrier to the learning process. This study tries to identify several domains from digital inclusion into Islamic Education for higher education through a literature review. Some of the digital inclusion domains detected in this study are social networking, entertainment applications, information search engines, websites, and e-learning. This research is a preliminary analysis of the utilization and involvement of digital technology in the learning of Islamic Education and has produced several information regarding the identification of several digital inclusion domains, accompanied by strategies and techniques of implementation in learning activities. The study also includes academic advice for future studies.


We propose nonlocal unitary transformations on S =1 antiferromagnetic chains in a simple operator form. This is a generalization of the transformation recently introduced by Kennedy and Tasaki to clarify the hidden symmetry in the Haldane phase. The three operators ( T i α ≡ i S i α e i πS i β ) a p p e a r i n g i n t h e s e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s a r e e x a m i n e d a n d s o m e s i m p l e a l g e b r a i c r e l a t i o n s a r e s h o w n t o h o l d a m o n g T_i^α a n d S_i^α. I t i s a l s o s h o w n t h a t t h r e e d i f f e r e n t f o r m s o f t r a n s f o r m e d H a m i l t o n i a n s a r e t r a n s f o r m e d i n t o e a c h o t h e r b y local u n i t a r y t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s .


Epidemiological investigation of risk factors, the reasons of development, forms and stages CHF is carried. 566 respondents have been included In research at the age from 10 till 100 years (townsmen – 298, countrymen – 268). Selection of a contingent of the surveyed was spent by a method of a step-by-step choice. Prevalence of major factors of cardiovascular risk (an arterial hypertension and smoking) was identical in a city and on village. It is necessary to note high enough prevalence of adiposity (20,9%) among countrymen. Prevalence CHF in the Orenburg region has made 14,8% that was above, than in the European part of Russia in whole (11,3%), thus prevalence heavy CHF III–IV FK has made 3,5% that also exceeded the data for Russia (2,3%).


Task scheduling in heterogeneous multiprocessor systems is an extremely hard NP complete problem. Hence, the heuristic approaches must be used to discover good solutions within a reasonable time. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a population based new heuristic optimization technique developed from swarm intelligence. This paper presents a Modified Discrete PSO (MDPSO). PSO was originally designed for continuous optimization problems. Some conversion techniques are needed to operate PSO in discrete domain. In Discrete PSO, conversion techniques are not required. Here, the particles are directly represented as integer vectors. The MDPSO extends the basic form of DPSO which incorporates mutation, which is an operator of Genetic Algorithm, for the better diversity of the particles. In this paper, the scheduler aims at minimizing make span, reliability cost and flow time in heterogeneous multiprocessor systems for scheduling of independent tasks using four different MDPSO algorithms. The performance of PSO greatly depends on its control parameters such as inertia weight and acceleration coefficients. Slightly different parameter settings may direct to very different performance. This paper compares the formulation and results of four different MDPSO techniques: constant control parameters, random inertia weight with time varying acceleration coefficients, linearly decreasing inertia weight with time varying acceleration coefficients and constant control parameters with dependent random parameters. Benchmark instances of Expected Time to Complete (ETC) model is used to test the MDPSO. Based on this comparative analysis, MDPSO with linearly decreasing inertia weight provides better results than others.


A 65yearold man from a rural town presented with severe lefthand pain on a background of previously diagnosed Buerger disease. He described arm and hand claudication over 30 years and a smoking history of 80 packyears. On examination, multiple small digital ulcers were identified (Figure, A). Catheter arteriogram (Figure, B) showed occlusion of the distal ulnar artery (red arrow), radial artery (blue arrow) and interosseous artery (red arrowhead), with collateral "corkscrew" vessels (blue arrowhead).


We studied the commercialization strategies of young biotechnology companies in the United States building on previous studies by assuming that commercialization also includes intermediate forms like hierarchical or bilateral cooperation. Our hypotheses are derived from the Resource-Based View, Transaction Cost Economics, and Property Rights Theory. The results show that the propensity to integrate is related to the appropriability regime, direct capabilities, financial resources, and synergies between the products. Our results show that the Resource-Based View and Property Rights Theory contribute a great deal to explaining commercialization strategies, whereas Transaction Cost Economics explains less.


In this paper, a coaxial gyrotron with outer corrugation is considered. Its multimode electron equation of motion is derived from the Lorentz equation, and its time-dependent amplitude and phase equation for the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm {TE}_{mn}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mode is obtained from the wave equation. Using the time-dependent multimode beam–wave interaction equations, the time evolution processes of the time-dependent multimode coaxial cavity gyrotron with outer corrugation are investigated by numerical calculation. Results show that a 170-GHz coaxial gyrotron with outer corrugation can start up and operate stably at the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm {TE}_{34,19}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mode and its competing modes are suppressed under different initial field amplitude conditions. By the calculation of the time-dependent multimode and single-mode coaxial gyrotron with outer corrugation, it is found that the output power and the output efficiency of the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm {TE}_{34,19}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mode are 1.856 MW and 32.59%, respectively. These studies show the mode competition processes of the coaxial gyrotron with outer corrugation at the beginning start-up stage.


The Francois Massieu 1869 idea to derive some mechanical and thermal properties of physical systems from "Characteristic Functions", was developed by Gibbs and Duhem in thermodynamics with the concept of potentials, and introduced by Poincare in probability. This paper deals with generalization of this Characteristic Function concept by Jean-Louis Koszul in Mathematics and by Jean-Marie Souriau in Statistical Physics. The Koszul-Vinberg Characteristic Function (KVCF) on convex cones will be presented as cornerstone of "Information Geometry" theory, defining Koszul Entropy as Legendre transform of minus the logarithm of KVCF, and Fisher Information Metrics as hessian of these dual functions, invariant by their automorphisms. In parallel, Souriau has extended the Characteristic Function in Statistical Physics looking for other kinds of invariances through co-adjoint action of a group on its momentum space, defining physical observables like energy, heat and momentum as pure geometrical objects. In covariant Souriau model, Gibbs equilibriums states are indexed by a geometric parameter, the Geometric (Planck) Temperature, with values in the Lie algebra of the dynamical Galileo/Poincare groups, interpreted as a space-time vector, giving to the metric tensor a null Lie derivative. Fisher Information metric appears as the opposite of the derivative of Mean "Moment map" by geometric temperature, equivalent to a Geometric Capacity or Specific Heat. We will synthetize the analogies between both Koszul and Souriau models, and will reduce their definitions to the exclusive Cartan "Inner Product". Interpreting Legendre transform as Fourier transform in (Min,+) algebra, we conclude with a definition of Entropy given by a relation mixing Fourier/Laplace transforms: Entropy = (minus) Fourier(Min,+) o Log o Laplace(+,X).


Semantic image classification as practised in Earth Observation is poorly suited to mapping fluvial landforms which are often composed of multiple landcover types such as water, riparian vegetation and exposed sediment. Deep learning methods developed in the field of computer vision for the purpose of image classification (ie the attribution of a single label to an image such as cat/dog/etc) are in fact more suited to such landform mapping tasks. Notably, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have excelled at the task of labelling images. However, CNN are notorious for requiring very large training sets that are laborious and costly to assemble. Similarity learning is a sub-field of deep learning and is better known for one-shot and few-shot learning methods. These approaches aim to reduce the need for large training sets by using CNN architectures to compare a single, or few, known examples of an instance to a new image and determining if the new image is similar to the provided examples. Similarity learning rests on the concept of image embeddings which are condensed higher-dimension vector representations of an image generated by a CNN. Ideally, and if a CNN is suitably trained, image embeddings will form clusters according to image classes, even if some of these classes were never used in the initial CNN training.

In this paper, we use similarity learning for the purpose of fluvial landform mapping from Sentinel-2 imagery. We use the True Color Image product with a spatial resolution of 10 meters and begin by manually extracting tiles of 128x128 pixels for 4 classes: non-river, meandering reaches, anastomosing reaches and braiding reaches. We use the DenseNet121 CNN topped with a densely connected layer of 8 nodes which will produce embeddings as 8-dimension vectors. We then train this network with only 3 classes (non-river, meandering and anastomosing) using a categorical cross-entropy loss function. Our first result is that when applied to our image tiles, the embeddings produced by the trained CNN deliver 4 clusters. Despite not being used in the network training, the braiding river reach tiles have produced embeddings that form a distinct cluster. We then use this CNN to perform few-shot learning with a Siamese triplet architecture that will classify a new tile based on only 3 examples of each class. Here we find that tiles from the non-river, meandering and anastomising class were classified with F1 scores of 72%, 87% and 84%, respectively. The braiding river tiles were classified to an F1 score of 80%. Whilst these performances are lesser than the 90%+ performances expected from conventional CNN, the prediction of a new class of objects (braiding reaches) with only 3 samples to 80% F1 is unprecedented in river remote sensing. We will conclude the paper by extending the method to mapping fluvial landforms on entire Sentinel-2 tiles and we will show how we can use advanced cluster analyses of image embeddings to identify landform classes in an image without making a priori decisions on the classes that are present in the image.


This work explores migration policies over different communication topologies in synchronous and asynchronous parallel island models used to improve speed-up and accuracy in genetic algorithms. This paper aims to explain the adequacy of such models from the a general perspective, trying to answer questions such as which is the best manner to implement genetic algorithms in parallel island models. The quality of the solutions and the running time provided by parallel island models are evaluated from the perspective of 4 different NP - hard problems: reversal and translocation evolutionary distance, task mapping and scheduling and, N -Queens. The results show that no model provides better speed-up and accuracy in general. However, the experiments make evident that after parameters tuning of the breeding cycle and island migration parameters, all parallel models reach not only good speed-ups but also more accurate solutions than the sequential genetic algorithm. In general, synchronous models provide the best solutions while asynchronous models deliver the best run-times, but there are scenarios where variations occur.


Objective To evaluate the influence of deliberate hypotension induced by isoflurane and propofol on splanchnic mucosal perfusion using gastric tonometry. Methods In ten patients (4 females, 6 males) undergoing elective craniotomy, deliberate hypotension was initiated after craniotomy and terminated three hours later. The arterial blood pressure ( MAP) was maintained 25%-30% below the initial parameters during deliberate hypotension. Measurements included gastric pH (pHi) , arterial blood pH ( pHa) , diference between PetCO2 and piCO2. These parameters were measured before the inducting of deliberate hypotension, after 1h, 2h and 3h and 1h after recovery from hypotension. Results DH was satisfactorily established. Intramucosal pH values decreased slightly after 1 , 2 and 3h of deliberate hypotension but none of the pHi was less than 7.38. Conclusion Deliberate hypotension slightly impairs splanchnic perfusion but does not lead to ischemia and hypoxia in tissues.


A ship wake in the ocean contains lots of microsize air bubbles with diameter of 10μm~200μm. When a beam of light propagates through the ship wake, it leads to attenuation of the light energy and change of its spatial distribution due to absorption and scattering caused by ocean water and bubble mass together, but they don't share the same scattering mechanism, leaving absorption out of account. Scattering from micro bubbles can usually be explained by Mie scattering theory. In this paper, a method based on optical scattering theory is proposed for detecting the target of ship wake in the ocean, and an experimental system is built up according to the Lambert-Beer law. In the experiment, a semiconductor laser with wavelength about 532nm was employed as the light source, an experimental device which modeled the target of a ship wake to generate bubble mass in water, and a high-speed PIN photodiode as the detector. Besides, the optical receiving system included a set of optical lens and apertures, which were employed to limit the field of view(FOV) of the receiver detector. After measurement of the small angle forward scattering rays scattered from bubble mass with a small FOV, the target signals was got and processed. Then adjustments were made to the optical receiving system and experiments were implemented with varying the FOV to find out the influence of FOV on target signal SNR and obtain the optimum FOV. The results showed that adjusting the FOV according to different microbubble size density could improve SNR.


This paper is a brief summary of the research work developed on the effects of agreements reached through mediation for Emedeus European Project. The first legal effect is the novation of the relationship which arises with the new agreement, with new bonds or commitments replacing the previous ones. The second effect is that the agreement has the binding force of a new contract and - if the regulations so provide - in some cases enforcement effects as well. With respect to the enforceability of the agreements, most Member States attach to the results the same authority as a judicial decision when the agreement is subject to certain controls or filters of "legality". The paper suggest a number of regulatory measures that may be implemented and embedded into national laws of Member States in order to improve the effects of electronic mediation and outcomes.


Novel biodegradable three-dimensional composites with a porous structure have been prepared by coagulation of a chitosan (CS)/poly ethylene glycol (PEG) solution in NaOH. It is confirmed that PEG acts not only as a modifier to improve the mechanical properties, but also as a porogen for the CS matrix to induce porous structure. The porous structure and mechanical properties of the composites can be tailored with the amount of PEG and glutaraldehyde (GA). The addition of GA can improve the interaction strength and compatibility between the PEG phase and CS matrix. The resulting composites have smaller pore size, lower porosity, and better mechanical properties.


Continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) is important for treatment guidance in status epilepticus (SE) management, but its role in clinical outcome prediction is unclear. Our aim is to determine which cEEG features give independent outcome information after correction for clinical predictor.


Submucous cleft palate (SMCP), while not a serious problem in infancy, has an incidence of 1: 1 200 births. At this figure it is second only to bifid uvula in order of frequency of congenital anomalies of the palate. The pathogenesis of SMCP has not been determined in man, though two disparate mechanisms, anomalous shelf fusion or failure of mesodermal proliferation have been proposed. An animal model of SMCP is described in which the anomaly has characteristics in common with the condition in man. Serial study of the mouse fetus in which SMCP has been induced by maternal dosage with phenytoin throughout the teratogenosensitive period supports the hypothesis of interference with mesodermal differentiation. A centripetal gradient of differentiation in the palatal shelf is described, commencing at the nasal foramen and extending to the uvula. When this gradient is disturbed by teratogens, after fusion of the palate, either SMCP plus bifid uvula, or bifid uvula alone may result, the anomaly being determined ...


Introduced the use of the ASP program to implement a table in the cumulative record of certain conditions,ranking method,and displays the results.


This report focuses on the development of dietary reference values and nutrient recommendations, the existing categories and the possibility of applying reference values in nutritional assessment at the individual and population level. The report also proposes modifications to the Polish Dietary Reference Values.


Europeana recrute: "The Hague, The Netherlands, 06 mai 2014 - Are you a specialist in the research fields of Semantics and Metadata, and interested in the challenges of digital culture? Would you like to contribute with your technical expertise to the R&D activities of Europeana? Then we might have the right job for you." Voir le detail de l'offre.


A novel and advanced analysis tool, based on the resolution of the inverse heat conduction problem, is used to evaluate wall-to-fluid heat fluxes in a metallic flat-plate pulsating heat pipe. The device under analysis is made of copper and formed by 16 channels having a squared section of 3 × 3 mm2 and filled with a water–ethanol mixture (20 wt.% of ethanol) with a volumetric filling ratio of 50%. One flat side of the device is externally coated with a highly emissive paint to perform temperature measurements by means of a medium-wave infrared camera. The acquired infrared maps are first processed by a three-dimensional Gaussian filter and then used as inputs for the inverse approach for the evaluation of heat fluxes locally exchanged between the fluid and the thin walls of each channel. The suggested procedure is successfully validated by means of synthetic data. The resulting space–time heat flux distributions are therefore statistically investigated in terms of amplitude and space–time variations, providing quantitative references for the identification of two-phase flow regimes. These unique data give an evaluation of the local heat transfer behavior, which is essential to provide empirical values for the numerical models of pulsating heat pipes.


To explore the potential risk of usage on daily chemicals, the product which most contact for human directly, cosmetics, were selected as study object. In this study, common cosmetic materials, such as propylene glycol, ethanolamine, silicon dioxide, iron oxide, and copper oxide were discussed for potential hazard. According to results of differential scanning calorimetry experiments, the apparent activation energy and SADT were calculated out as 779.22 kJ mol and 45°C, respectively.


In a competitive environment, organizational efficiency and individual efficiency are critical to organizational success.Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), commonly known as the "good soldier syndrome", refers to a set of actions directed at increasing performance. Features of OCB include altruism, conscientiousness, civic virtue, sportsmanship and courtesy, not-compensated-but-desired by the organization. These behaviors contribute positively thus resulting in enhancing organizational competitiveness. This research paper considers emotions through OCB features that are viewed as passions that come and go, and will seek to explore if OCB features have significant relationship with OCB itself.


PART 1 - THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENTS 1. Rehabilitation of frontal lobe dysfunction: a working framework 2. Cognitive reserve 3. Motivation following brain injury PART 2 - REHABILITATION 4. Rehabilitation of executive functioning: an overview 5. Rehabilitation for prospective memory problems resulting from acquired brain injury 6. Beyond the shopping centre: using the Multiple Errands Test in the assessment and rehabilitation of multitasking disorders 7. Assessing and treating aggressive behaviours in persons with dysexecutive symptoms 8. Managing anger: a practical approach 9. The impact of executive function impairments on communication 10. Physiotherapy approaches with people with executive disorders 11. Rehabilitation of everyday living skills in the context of executive disorder 12. Vocational rehabilitation and executive disorders 13. The use of Smart Technology in the management of and rehabilitation of executive disorders 14. The use of Virtual Reality in the assessment and rehabilitation of executive disorders PART 3 - PROFESSIONAL ISSUES 15. Psychopharmacological treatment of executive disorders following brain injury 16. Assessing capacity in clients with executive disorders 17. Assessment and management of risk associated with executive dysfunction 18. The family and executive disorders 19. Training staff to work with clients with executive disorder 20. A personal account


In recent decades, tripartite arrays (i.e., three-element array) have become an important tool for various seismoacoustic applications, mainly due to their superior back-azimuth estimation. However, the back azimuth is estimated assuming the far-field approximation. Lately, tripartite arrays have been used to monitor microseismicity and aftershocks at distances comparable with the size of the array in which the far-field assumption might not hold. In this work, we determined the validity of the far-field assumption by analyzing the plane-wave errors, that is, the errors of the back azimuth and slowness computations caused by the plane-wave assumption. Computational formulas for estimating the absolute errors, due to the plane-wave assumption, were developed. Several case studies demonstrated that the plane-wave errors are not theoretical issues only and taking them into account can improve the results of field measurements. Proposed practical methods to account for plane-wave errors can improve the performance of arrays aimed to measure low magnitude events such as in induced microseismicity monitoring or on-site inspection.


It is well known that the translation of EST(English for science and technology) must be done accurately and scientifically.This paper analyzed the difficulty of science-technology translation,and then provided some methods to achieve "closeness" in spite of the difficulty.It pointed out that,as a writing style,EST is not rigid.Science-technology translation can be done with the elegance of Chinese if only translators handle the translation properly.


Personal restraint systems employing the principle of rapidly expanding air bags show promise of providing greater protection of occupants during motor vehicle impact than any other system or technique currently in use. On inflation, these systems generate an intense acoustic impulse which may or may not constitute a potential hazard to the auditory systems of vehicle occupants. This study evaluated the potential acoustic hazard of the impulsive noise generated inside an automobile by inflation of one rapidly expanding air-bag personal crash protective system. Widespread use of this system in vehicles would result in an average exposure of about one or two impulses over a lifetime for those persons exposed. The acoustic impulse is characterized by a medium duration of 21 ms ec, median rise time of 5 ms ec and median peak pressure level of 168 dB. Ninety-one volunteers experienced the single intense impulse without hearing protection and their pre-and post- exposure audiometric and otologic examinations provided measures of auditory responses. Otologic effects on the drum membrane were negative. No discomfort or aural pain was reported. About 50% of the subjects and 35% of the ears experienced some temporary threshold shift with 65% of the ears recovering within 24 hours. Many subjects reported short duration tinnitus. Results indicate that the impulsive noise is very loud; however, the probability of irreversible harm to the auditory systems of vehicle occupants may be considered to be extremely small.


This paper studied how to prepare Methyl Sodium Silicate from Methyl Trichlorosilane. Methyl trichlorosilane hydrolyzed on the interface of cyclohexane and water, then hydrolysate and sodium hydroxide prepared methyl sodium silicate at molten state. Manufactrue was characterised by XRD, IR, and differential thermal analysis. The experimental results indicate that the best hydrolyze condition was the proportion of methyl trichlorosilane and water was 10~12:100 , at 5°C, lasting for 45min; the best condition of prepared methyl sodium silicate was the proportion of sodium hydroxide and hydrolysate was 2.1~2.3:1, at 300 ~450°C, lasting for 50min. The manufacture was white powder, water-solubility and well stabilization bellow 450°C.


FIELD: mining. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to steam-and-gas generators for use in the bottom of the wells. Steam-and-gas generator comprises a body forming the main combustion chamber, nozzle case connected in the housing, heat insulation, nozzle assembly with preliminary air-fuel mixing, air inlet premixer, fuel element, hot surface igniter. Besides, steam-and-gas generator comprises a fuel injector burner and Jet extension. Housing includes inlet fuel for receiving a stream of fuel and air inlet to receive air flow. Nozzle case comprises chamber initial combustion. Heat insulation is made inside the chamber of initial combustion. Nozzle assembly with preliminary air-fuel mixing is made with possibility of dosing supply of fuel-air mixture in the chamber of initial combustion. Air inlet premixing is made with possibility of directing part of air flow, received from air inlet in the nozzle assembly with preliminary air-fuel mixing. Fuel element is made with possibility of directing the flow of fuel from fuel inlet nozzle assembly with preliminary air-fuel mixing. Hot surface igniter is made with possibility of heating ignition and fuel-air mixture in the chamber combustion to create initial non-stationary emission passing in main combustion chamber. Fuel injector is made with possibility of dosing supply of the rest fuel in main combustion chamber. Burner has the possibility of dosing supply of air remaining in the main combustion chamber. Flow of fuel from fuel injector and air flow of the burner ignited in the main combustion chamber by means of non-stationary emission from the chamber of initial combustion. Jet extension is installed to prevent fuel inlet of the fuel nozzle chamber initial combustion. EFFECT: technical result is higher efficiency of fuel combustion system. 21 cl, 5 dwg


Your local CompUSA is happy to sell you a 200-gigabyte ATA drive for $300, which comes to about $1,500 per terabyte. Go online and save even more - $1,281 for 1 terabyte of drive space (using, say, 7X Maxtor EIDE 153-GB ATA/113 5400-RPM drives). So why would anyone pay $360,000 to XYZ Storage System Corp. for a 16-terabyte system? I mean, what's so hard about storage? Good question.


One of the most interesting fields of computer technology is that of Virtual Reality. People are fascinated by being immersed in three-dimensional, computer-synthesised virtual worlds. There are many example applications such as interactive visualisation and representation for entertainment and education, modelling of construction, manufacturing and maintenance processes, architecture, medicine, annotation and simulations for training. One step further is the notion of augmented reality (AR) where, unlike virtual reality where the user sees only virtual worlds, he or she can see both the real and the virtual at the same time. One of the potential applications of augmented reality is the 3D reconstruction of archæological sites in situ, where the user can be immersed while maintaining a composite view of the real and the virtual surroundings. By using an untethered, mobile, body-worn computer with a see-through head-mounted display and equipped with a location and orientation sensors the user can roam in the composite world as if the scene was entirely real. The research effort described here concerns the construction of such an AR application, centred around the Roman remains in the Gosbecks Archæological Park on the outskirts of Colchester. Two generations of wearable computers have been implemented. The first, similar to earlier prototypes, provided a test-bed for initial, in-the-field tests, in order to prove the concept and gain practical experience. As anticipated, this prototype provided inadequate performance; however the lessons learned influenced the design of a second, more mature platform. The second wearable, designed and built on the experience gained, is a novel prototype with improved processing power and ergonomics, low power consumption and low cost. The prototypes use GPS, the Global Positioning System, for measuring location and a magnetic sensor integrated into the head-mounted display for determining the wearer's direction of gaze. A novel wearable AR framework was developed to work with both wearables but primarily to exploit the hardware rendering capabilities of the second prototype. The application software was written in C using the OpenGL graphics library for 3D rendering. The framework


The purpose of this study was to identify and assess the importance attached to accounting software selection activities by working accounting professionals in the small business community. The study was conducted using a questionnaire mailed out to certified public accountants (CPAs) and controllers of companies with 500 or less employees in the largest cities of four western states. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA in a 2 x 3 factorial design. The study groups were CPAs, controllers, and controllers with CPA certification across software selection experience. Twenty software selection activities were recommended from the literature review and were incorporated into the questionnaire. A 5-point Likert scale was provided for the respondents to assess the importance of each of the 20 questions. Study results, the 20 selection activities rank ordered by their means, indicated that a hierarchy of software selection activities did exist. Management of a small business, using this information, could conceivably optimize the selection of accounting software for their firm.


One also wishes that Carr had provided more analysis of Dos Passos' work. Her discussion of the published and unpublished apprentice writings is interesting and helpful, but she merely catalogues the opinions of reviewers for each of the later books. Certainly the biography of a writer need not also be a full-scale critical study, but by relying so heavily on such a formula, Professor Carr risks leaving the impression that the reviewer's word is the final word. Despite such shortcomings, this is an important study of a writer whose life and career can fascinate the literary scholar and cultural historian alike. One must admire the wealth of material Carr offers, her skill at portraying a long and turbulent literary career, and her attention to the familial and societal influences that shaped the novelist. For these reasons Dos Passos: A Life is a welcome addition to the growing body of literature about this important American writer.


Die reformierte Konfessionalisierung in Deulschland das Problem der ' gweiten Reformation'. Wissenschaftliches Symposion des Vereins fur Reformationsgeschichte 1985. Edited by Heinz Schilling. (Schiften des Vereins fur Reformationsgeschichte, 195.) Pp. 480. Giitersloh: G. Mohn, 1987. DM 98. 3579016644 The later sixteenth century witnessed the development of antagonism between the Lutheran and Reformed constituencies in Germany. The religious peace of Augsburg (1555) was intended to restore political stability within the German territories through the principle cuius regio eius religio the ' religions' in question being Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism. The growing influence of Reformed theology in the Palatinate and elsewhere, however, linked with internal discord within Lutheranism, led to a re-orientation of the Protestant denominations within Germany, with a new emphasis upon doctrinal orthodoxy. This reorientation still widely referred to as the 'Second Reformation', although more accurately designated ' confessionalisation' raises a range of important questions, given added weight by studies such as Jiirgen Moltmann, Christoph Pezel und der Calvinismus in Bremen, and Thomas Klein, Der Kampf um die Zfueiten Reformation in Kursachen 1 586-1 591.


The soil physico-chemical properties of rice fields with the continuous potato untilled mulch cultivation pattern were continuously determined to provide the theoretical basis for popularizing the potato untilled mulch cultivation pattern in rice fields on a large scale.The results showed that the soil porosity and content of soil micro-aggregates,organic matter,active N,active P and active K of the surface soil with the continuous potato untilled mulch cultivation pattern were higher than those with the conventional potato cultivation pattern,and the continuous untilled pattern had a trend of improving structure and fertility of the surface soil but it had a little effect on physico-chemical properties of the subsoil below 15~30 cm.


Objective: In this study, the impact of including a bone conduction transducer in a three-channel spatialized communication system was investigated. Background: Several military and security forces situations require concurrent listening to three or more radio channels. In such radio systems, spatial separation between three concurrent radio channels can be achieved by delivering separate signals to the left and right earphone independently and both earphones simultaneously. This method appears to be effective; however, the use of bone conduction as one channel may provide both operational and performance benefits. Method: Three three-channel communication systems were used to collect speech intelligibility data from 18 listeners (System 1, three loudspeakers; System 2, stereo headphones; System 3, stereo headphones and a bone conduction vibrator). Each channel presented signals perceived to originate from separate locations. Volunteers listened to three sets of competing sentences and identified a number, color, and object spoken in the target sentence. Each listener participated in three trials (one per system). Each trial consisted of 48 competing sentence sets. Results: Systems 2 and 3 were more intelligible than System 1. Systems 2 and 3 were overall equally intelligible; however, the intelligibility of all three channels was significantly more balanced in System 3. Conclusion: Replacing an air conduction transducer with a bone conduction transducer in a multichannel audio device can provide a more effective and balanced simultaneous monitoring auditory environment. Application: These results have important design and implementation implications for spatial auditory communication equipment.


This article reviews biometric experts' evaluations of the biometric modalities most likely to effectively combat identity fraud expressed through formal evaluation of biometric systems, comparisons of one type of biometrics to another and also comparison between unimodal and multimodal The review briefly surveyed the current state of identity fraud prevention efforts, based mostly on improving organizational or public attention to the issue, including the introduction of red flags. Overall, the review found that experts pre biometrics, but that they are also shifting their support to multimodal systems


Objective To inveSTigate the appropriate methods of adminiSTration and discontinuation of clopidogrel in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods 75 patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes,who received PCI and STandard medical therapy after admission,were divided into two groups.After discharge from hospital,the patients in group A(n=42) received clopidogrel at 75mg/d for 12 months,and then STopped this drug;the patients in group B(n=33) firSTly received clopidogrel at 75mg/d for 12 months,and then took 37.5mg/d for 2 weeks.We measured the levels of high sensitive C reaction protein(hs-CRP) of the patients at the end of 12 months after receiving clopidogrel and 2 weeks after discontinuation or decrease.Results Compared with group A,the levels of hs-CRP in group B had no significantly differences at the end of 12 months;however,they were higher after further 2 weeks(group A,P0.05;group B,P0.05).and they were significantly higher in group A than those in group B(P0.01).Conclusion The adminiSTration of clopidogrel plus aspirin for a long term can decrease the serum inflammation level,and decrease of the dose of clopidogrel gradually is better than discontinuation immediately.


We propose a methodology for accurate and fast optical performance estimation exploiting cognitive awareness. It is composed by low and high precision estimators and a calibration engine, allowing to control open vs. proprietary implementations.


New security threats have surfaced in response to the meteoric rise in the prevalence of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). The latest iteration of CPS has a wide range of flaws, dangers, attacks, and safeguards. However, there hasn't been any comprehensive research done on CPS security problems. In particular, it has been challenging to examine the issue using a single generalized model due to the variability of CPS elements and the diversity of CPS systems. In this study, we use a holistic security model to examine CPS safety. We examine the technologies at the perceptual, network, and application levels. Smart grids, transportation, healthcare, and residential applications, along with the most common problems and solutions. Since many studies did not focus on a particular use case, we categorize them into broad categories, such as ICSs, cloud servers, and embedded devices.