According to Hartman & James(1998), the dictionary is "[t]the most common type of reference work." The term 'work' is an inclusive term and it denotes both a 'writing', an abstract entity and a 'publication', a concrete object. Therefore, it would be fare to say that 'lexicography' which explores the academic and practical issues regarding the dictionary should equally give its attention to the both aspects of the dictionary. This paper deals with the often neglected matter of dictionary typesetting. Specifically, we outline the necessity of the automation of the dictionary typesetting process in order to overcome the various obstacles which arises from the current labour-intensive dictionary typesetting method. As an eligible candidate of an automatic dictionary typesetting system, we propose a system which utilizes the TeX, a typesetting language originally developed for typesetting mathematical texts, as a typesetting engine. We argue that the flexibility and the openness of the TeX are the features required for an automatic dictionary typesetting system for highly dynamic dictionary production environments. As a showcase, we present an experimental implementation of an typesetting system for dictionary texts represented in structured document format. Although this system is very simple and has limited features, it clearly demonstrates the capacity of TeX as a typesetting engine for a complete automatic dictionary typesetting system.


IN the first era of radiotherapy the theory prevailed that the action of X-rays was confined to the irradiated area; in other words, it was regarded as a local process. Gradually, observations accumulated which furnished positive proof that X-rays also exert a general action upon the irradiated individual, particularly upon his blood. Only few facts may be cited. The hemoglobin and blood sugar show certain quantitative changes after irradiation. The sedimentation time of the red blood corpuscles is prolonged. The leukocytes are affected and destroyed. Often the blood pressure is lowered. The quantity of sodium chloride in blood serums is diminished. The acidosis of blood serum after irradiation soon subsides and gives place to alkalosis; the amount of creatinin and fat in serum increases; coagulation time of blood is shortened; increased diuresis is produced; more sodium chloride is excreted by the kidneys; the metabolism is lowered. The activity of invisible rays is not limited to living tissues. Experim...


With the advent of the NoSQL Data Stores, solutions for data migration from traditional relational databases to NoSQL databases is gaining more impetus in the recent times. This is also due to the fact that data generated in recent times are more heterogeneous in nature. In current available literatures and surveys we find that in-depth study has been already conducted for the tools and platform used in handling structured, unstructured and semi-structured data, however there are no guide which compares the methodologies of transforming and transferring data between these data stores. In this paper we present an extensive comparative study where we compare and evaluate data transformation methodologies between varied data sources as well as discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with it.


With the wide application of GIS to all kinds of fields, and developing of the technique of data mining and spatial data collection, the technique of data mining in spatial database—spatial data mining is coming out. In order to satisfy the people's demand for the interesting and potentially useful knowledge from the spatial database, this thesis used a wide using spatial clustering algorithm: k-means algorithm to discover interesting and potentially useful spatial patterns embedded in spatial database, and also has realized an improved genetic algorithm based on the k-means algorithm. The improved genetic algorithm not only have the global search advantage of genetic algorithm, but also have the feature of local convergence fast of k-means algorithm, meanwhile, it overcome the sensitive to the initial election data and easily fall into the local optimal drawback by traditional k-means algorithm and also raise the convergence rate.


The invention relates to a method for operating a household appliance (100) comprising at least one sensor (102, 118) for detecting a user (108) of the household appliance (100). In this case, first a by the sensor (102, 118) evaluate detected motion of the user (108). Is in this case the movement detected as a in a predetermined first detection area (104) approaching movement relative to the household appliance (100) is detected, a switch is provided to enable the household appliance (100) in an operational state. If the movement is, however, recognized as a in a predetermined second detection area (106) approaching movement relative to the household appliance (100) is detected, an activation signal for activating a user motion detection function of the household appliance (100) is output using the switch-on signal.


This article develops an optical fiber sensor using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and a piezo‐electrical transducer (PZT) to measure active power.Mounting an FBG on a PZT bar, a dynamic strain simulator was constructed. The equivalent voltage produced by active power applied to the PZT was converted to the dynamic variation of the FBG Bragg wavelength. The active power was attained by measuring the changing value of the wavelength. Thus, the sensor can be used to measure active power without the use of a traditional power meter. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:682–686, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27394


This paper discusses an SIS epidemic model with acute and chronic infection stages. It consists of two sections. Section 1 presents and analyzes an SIS epidemic model with acute and chronic infection stages, which consists of a set of ODEs. Section 2 studies an SIS epidemic model with the age of chronic infection, which contains ODEs and PDEs at the same time. Under the assumption of constant recruitment in the population, the explicit formula of the reproductive numbers R0 for both models are obtained by using the theory of differential and integral equation, the global stability of the disease-free equilibria and stability conditions of the endemic equilibria are given.


Blended synchronous learning (BSL) is becoming increasingly widely implemented in many higher education institutions due to its accessibility and flexibility. However, little research has been conducted to explore students' engagement and persistence and their possible predictors in such a learning mode. The purpose of this study was to investigate how to facilitate students' engagement and persistence in BSL. In detail, this study used structural equation modeling to explore the relationships among specific predictors (self-regulation, teaching presence, and social presence), learning engagement, and learning persistence in BSL. We recruited 319 students who were enrolled in BSL at a Chinese university. The online survey was administered to gather data on the variables of this study. The results demonstrated that self-regulation, teaching presence, and social presence were positively associated with learning engagement. Self-regulation and learning engagement were positively associated with learning persistence. Moreover, learning engagement mediated the relationships between self-regulation, teaching presence, social presence, and learning persistence. This study suggests that self-regulation, teaching presence, and social presence are significant predictors for student learning engagement and persistence in BSL.


Objectives: The aim of this study is to serve as basic data to prove the need for dental hygienists through the cooperation of dental hygienists, who are oral care experts.
Methods: A survey was conducted on nurses who perform nursing work in general hospitals and university hospital wards located in Busan, and Ulsan.
Results: As a result of the oral nursing performance of the subjects with educational experience was higher on average than the subjects without educational experience, which was statistically significant(p<0.05).
Conclusions: It was found that educational experience had an effect on performing oral care. In order to improve the quality of oral care the participation of dental hygienists specializing in oral care is required, and it is thought that systematic education on oral care of nursing personnel is necessary.


A conductive layer patterning method, and a polarizer and a polarizer manufacturing method using the patterning method are provided to effectively pattern a conductive layer on a large area by using a large-sized stamper, which is manufactured by a stereolithographic process. A resin layer is patterned, so that a groove and a projection are formed on the resin layer. A conductive filler is patterned and coated on the conductive resin by stereoscopic structures of the groove and projection, which are patterned of the resin layer. The resin layer is pressurized and cured by a stamper, which is made by a stereolithographic process. The conductive filler is exclusively coated on the groove, the projection, or a portion of the groove and projection.


contact with water but the old inner coatings may be replaced by a new application of the old principle of electric corrosion prevention devices known as "cathodic protection. " The coatings, applied to water tank interiors, are seldom if ever entirely satisfactory in preventing corrosion and any device that will eliminate expensive and oft-repeated painting will prove a blessing to every water works operator who has the problem to contend with. The principle of cathodic protection as applied to pressure vessels and steel pipe lines is relatively old, having been tried successfully for the protection of steel pipe oil lines and oil tanks in the South and Southwest nine years ago. Application of the Kirkaldy Electrolytic Systems to boilers, heaters and similar pressure vessels is at least ten years old, and some cathodic protection patents antedated the Kirkaldy ones. The same principle with some modifications is now being extensively applied to the interior of steel water tanks, and in the application the manufacturer will guarantee to prevent rust, corrosion and pitting inside your steel water tank. Ohio was the proving grounds for these devices beginning in and around Dayton in August, 1936, where it was first applied to a 900,000 gallon standpipe. Two years later there were more than forty units operating in Ohio.


We have made a conceptual design of a cold-bore vacuum system for the Fermilab 1000 GeV × 1000 GeV colliding beam facility (POPAE). A double wall vacuum system is used between magnets and cryopumped molecular traps between the cold-bore and warm straight section regions. The beam-induced pressure rise phenomena has been taken into account as well as the liquid helium leak rate between the cold magnets and the vacuum bore. Since beam for POPAE will be injected at the desired energy, there are no heat loads from accelerated beam or eddy currents and the cold-bore system appears very attractive. This design is based on the best experimental evidence available today.


This paper comprehensively discusses impacts of defect profiles in a Si substrate induced by plasma processing on MOS device performance. Both spatial and energy profiles of the defects considering practical plasma parameters were implemented into a conventional device simulation. Unique capacitance-voltage characteristics of MOS capacitors were obtained depending on the energy profiles, which shows good agreement with experimental results. The relationship between the defect profile and device parameter variation was clarified for n- and p-channel MOSFETs. The prediction results suggest the significance of precise control of spatial and energy profiles of defects for future MOS device design and fabrication.


A probabilistic model is proposed to predict the formation and propagation of crack networks in thermal fatigue. It is based on a random distribution of sites where cracks form and on the shielding phenomenon corresponding to the relaxed stress field created around propagating cracks. The stress gradient that arises under a surface submitted to thermal shocks is accounted for as well as multiaxial stress states. Experiments using digital image correlation have been performed to introduce the hypotheses made herein, and others to identify the parameters of the crack density as a function of the stress range and the number of cycles. Simulations of the formation of crack networks in a heterogeneous biaxial state of stress are carried out. A good qualitative agreement is obtained with existing thermal fatigue experiments especially considering the effect of the stress range on the crack densities as well as on the distribution of crack sizes.© 2008 ASME


The invention relates to an airline matrix CCD image geometry rough adjusting arithmetic that includes the following steps: gaining airline matrix CCD image and GPS/INS combination navigation data; distilling airline image data and the location and stance data; calculating the rotating matrix from the space coordinate system to the object space coordinate system according to photogrammetric rotating matrix from the navigation angle of the GPS/INS system; taking geometry rough adjusting according to the shared line matrix of the center projection of the plural center line matrix CCD sensor image to gain messy points coordination; sampling grey value and the image after rough adjusting. The invention solves the technology problem of using the data measured by GPS/INS combination system to take the rough adjusting for the airline matrix CCD image.


We present new families of sixthand eighth-order Runge–Kutta–Nyström geometric integrators with processing for ordinary differential equations. Both the processor and the kernel are composed of explicitly computable flows associated with non trivial elements belonging to the Lie algebra involved in the problem. Their efficiency is found to be superior to other previously known algorithms of equivalent order, in some case up to four orders of magnitude. 2001 IMACS. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


In view of the quality computer specialty the question which exists in the PhotoShop teaching,proposed including aspect and so on teaching method,examination mechanism educational reform plans.The teaching practice indicated that this plan has the good teaching effect.


The effects of chlorothiazide and furosemide on sodium and water excretion have been studied on anaesthetized dogs, previously subjected to unilateral splanchnicotomy. In all experiments 'denervation diuresis' was manifest in control periods with no significant differences in glomerular filtration rate. Intravenous chlorothiazide loading (5 mg/kg) and low dose of furosemide (0.5 mg/kg) resulted in a quantitative increase of denervation polyuria and natriuresis. Higher doses of furosemide (1.5–5.0 mg/kg) abolished denervation phenomenon. In postdiuretic periods increased sodium and water excretion from denervated kidneys could be observed, again. The results of chlorothiazide experiments and those obtained with the lowest dose of furosemide refer to a proximal tubular effect of splanchnicotomy. However, the disappearance of 'denervation diuresis' on more intense furosemide loading suggest that denervation may depress sodium reabsorption at more distal nephron segments, probably in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. The role of intrarenal redistribution of blood flow and a possible shifting in filtration rate are discussed.


Cell-penetrating poly(disulfide)s (CPDs) are promising vehicles for cytosolic delivery of proteins. However, currently available arginine-rich CPD has rarely been reported for systemic delivery due to its "always" positive charge. Herein, we developed pH-responsive CPDIMD that executes tumor targeting delivery via protonation of imidazole groups within the acidic tumor microenvironment.


According autonomy to religious institutions sometimes means granting them sovereignty over religious insiders. Specifically, religious institutions often claim, and are granted, the right to be shielded from antidiscrimination or other norms that apply in the broader society. Proponents of church autonomy largely justify the trumping of individuals' rights by claiming that the individuals consented to the jurisdiction of the religious institution, and that they can always choose to exit their religious affiliation if they are unhappy with the decisions or beliefs of the institution. The consent justification is thus an important one, because it mediates individual rights claims and claims of church sovereignty.However, the consent justification is not a sufficient foundation for the wide scope of sovereignty that religious organizations often claim under the doctrine of church autonomy. Either the implied consent rationale is a fiction, which is based on a misconception about the nature of religious communities, or it is a broad, talismanic invocation that allows religious institutions to assert authority over any matter that they wish to designate as "internal" or as involving religious insiders. Rather than allowing religious organizations to determine the scope of their own jurisdiction, courts should recognize that they cannot help taking sides in religious disputes, and they should play a role in delimiting the boundaries of church sovereignty.


Recognizing micro actions from videos is a very challenging problem since they involve only subtle motions of body parts. In this paper, we propose a new deep-learning based method for micro action recognition by building a segment-level temporal pyramid to better capture the motion details. More specifically, we first temporally sample the input video for short segments and for each of the video segment, we employ a two-stream convolutional neural networks (CNNs) followed by a temporal pyramid for extracting deep features. Finally, the features derived from all the video segments are combined for action classification. We evaluate the proposed method on a micro-action video dataset, as well as a general-action video dataset, with very promising results.


For more than three decades, the US federal government, industry and professional engineering societies has contributed millions of dollars to increase the number of women in US engineering programs with minimal impact. The research published on how to address the on-going United States (US) national challenge of increasing gender parity in undergraduate engineering programs is almost entirely US centric. The authors of this paper reached across borders and outside the STEM education literature to gain a different perspective on the US problem of persistent gender segregation in undergraduate engineering education. As we compared the issue of gender parity between the US, Jordan and Malaysia, three previously unexplored areas began to take shape: 1. The US has potentially inaccurately scoped the problem, 2. Different factors seem to contribute to greater gender equity in undergraduate engineering programs in Jordan and Malaysia than in the US, and 3. A sociological framework for analysis and interpretation (not previously published in the engineering education literature) helps us better understand the core causes of gender inequity in advanced industrialized countries, such as the US. Once we better understand the core causes, effective solutions can be designed. The purpose of this paper is to begin to re-scope the problem of increasing the number of women in engineering education in the US, identify potential factors that contribute to gender equity in Jordan and Malaysia, and to propose future areas of robust cross-national engineering education research.


This study compares the content of basic nutrients (proteins, fats, digestible carbohydrates, dietary fiber and ash), steviol glycosides, selected antioxidants (vitamin C, total polyphenols) and antioxidant activity in dried leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni cultivated in Poland, Paraguay and Brazil and available in the direct sale. The basic chemical composition was determined by standard AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) methods. Content of steviol glycosides was determined by the UHPLC-UV chromatographic method. Total polyphenols content was expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and catechins equivalent (CE). Antioxidant activity was measured as ABTS●+ free radical scavenging activity. Dried leaves of S. rebaudiana grown in Poland had significantly higher contents of dietary fiber, and lower protein and ash content, compared to those derived from Paraguay and Brazil. The former had, however, considerably higher contents of total steviol glycosides, stevioside and rebaudioside D, compared to the remaining two plants. In the Paraguay-derived dried leaves, the content of rebaudioside A, C, E and rubusoside was found to be significantly lower. Dried leaves of S. rebaudiana Bertoni, cultivated in Poland, contained substantially more vitamin C and a similar content of total polyphenols, compared to those from Brazil and Paraguay. The examined material from Brazil and Paraguay plantations showed similar antioxidant activity, while that obtained from Polish cultivation was characterized by a significantly lower value of this parameter.


The method of wireless communication, defer measurement control reading of SIB. The method includes determining whether the user equipment (UE) was redirected from the second radio access technology (RAT) to the first RAT. The method also based on whether the UE is redirected from the second RAT to the first RAT, also includes selectively read the system information block (SIB).


Abstract : At the conclusion of this project, we can say that we have accomplished our final objective, that is to extend the theory of spectral estimation to non-stationary signals. Of course there are already existing approaches such as the Wigner-Ville Transform, the rihazeck Transform, the Choi-Williams Transform, and many more, dealing with this problem, but we see our approach as a natural extension of the Wiener-Kintchine theorem. Moreover, we have the flexibility to replace the wavelets with any time-frequency atoms such as local trigonometric functions or any lapped orthogonal transform (LOT). The potential application for Air Force is the use of this concept in the communication system to improve fratricide avoidance. On the civilian side, this approach can find its application in biomedical signal processing.


AIM:To investigate whether nimesulide a selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor and piroxicam (an inhibitor of COX-1) protect the rat hearts against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion or hydroxyl free radical. METHODS: Cardiac contractility, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed by the Langendorff method in isolated rat hearts. Production of 6-Keto-PGF1α, a marker of COX activity, was measured in isolated rat hearts. RESULTS: Rat hearts were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), pyrogallol (which produced superoxide anion) or Vit C+Fe2+ (which produced hydroxyl free radical) for 10 min followed by reperfusion for 30 min. H2O2 decreased cardiac contractility and increased LDH release, which was inhibited by nimesulide (3 mg/kg) LVDP 72%±10% vs 61%±11%, LDH (5.5±2.5)U/L vs (8.0±2.1)U/L, P0.05. Piroxicam (3 mg/kg) increased systolic function (LVDP 73%±10% vs 61%±11%, P0.05), but exacerbated diastolic function LVEDP (29.00±5.61)mmHg vs (23.16±3.57) mmHg, P0.01 in H2O2 treated rat hearts. Nimesulide also protected rat hearts against superoxide anion and hydroxyl free radical injury. Nimesulide and piroxicam had no effect on the content of 6-Keto-PGF1α in rat hearts. Mitochondrial ATP sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP) inhibitor 5-HD blocked the improvement of contractility (LVDP and ±dp/dtmax) induced by nimesulide in H2O2 treated rat hearts (53%±12% vs 69%±3%, 58%±11% vs 72%±7% and 37%±8% vs 51%±4% respectively, P0.01). CONCLUSION: The results suggests that COX-2 inhibitor nimesulide can protect rat hearts against oxidative injury. The protection is independent of COX activity. Activation of mitoKATP may be involved in nimsulide-induced cardioprotection in rat hearts.


Coal-containing raw meal is pressing formed into compact raw meal blocks of certain shape and size below 100 mm in pressing moulder. Raw meal blocks are burned via counter-current gas-solid contact and internal combustion in vertical kiln into cement clinker. The high-temp waste gas containing CO is afterburned in specific afterburning apparatus and fed to afterheat boiler for power generation.


Local magazines in the 19th century played a significant informative role in the community, publishing news important for the inhabitants of a given city and region, and at the same time bringing their audience closer to the "big world" by informing about selected events from many countries. Therefore, it is understandable that within the diverse, but usually constant columns, many names appeared – people both distinguished in many fields for Kalisz, as well as those unknown to a wider group – actors of just one mention. The aim of this article is to draw attention to the value of analyzing the content of a local magazine in terms of personal information and the role that the list of all names published in the magazine at the turn of 19th and 20th century can play in a historical research.


1. Japanese Security in Perspective Peter J. Katzenstein 2. Japan, Asian-Pacific Security, and the Case for Analytical Eclecticism Peter J. Katzenstein and Nobuo Okawara (2001) Part 1: Japan's Internal and External Security Policies 3. Japan's Security Policy: Political, Economic and Military Dimensions Peter J. Katzenstein and Nobuo Okawara (1991) 4. Japan's Internal Security Policy Peter J. Katzenstein and Yutaka Tsujinaka (1991) 5. Japan and Asian-Pacific Security: Regionalization, Entrenched Bilateralism and Incipient Multilateralism Nobuo Okawara and Peter J. Katzenstein (2001) 6. Immovable Object? Japan's Security Policy in East Asia H. Richard Friman, David Leheny, Peter J. Katzenstein and Nobuo Okawara (2006) Part 2: Japanese and Asian Security in Comparative Perspective 7. Coping with Terrorism: Norms and Internal Security in Germany and Japan Peter J. Katzenstein (1993) 8. Why Is There no NATO in Asia? Collective Identity, Regionalism, and the Origins of Multilateralism Christopher Hemmer and Peter J. Katzenstein (2002) 9. Same War-Different Views: Germany, Japan, and Counter-Terrorism Peter J. Katzenstein (2003) Part 3: Analytical Eclecticism and Security 10. Rethinking Asian Security: A Case for Analytical Eclecticism Peter J. Katzenstein and Rudra Sil (2004)


After visiting some SEMs and conducting a questionnaire survey of them, the author used the descriptive statistical analysis to analyse the data and found that SEMs emphasized the impacts of the external environment, the construction of the internal control system, and the control of the business links, the currency and assets. But meanwhile, the SEMs ignored the establishment of the enterprise culture, the coordination of the whole enterprise, the containment of the links and positions, and the improvement of the quality of the ones that carried out the internal control system. Enterprises could improve the situation of the internal control by effective division of responsibilities, using the electronic imformation tools, arranging internal audit staff, managers lead by example, enhancing staff skills training to improve their quality, establishing special institutions, improving incentives and accountability of major system and other measures.


The gradient minimization (LGM) method has been proposed for image smoothing very recently. As an improvement of the total variation (TV) model which employs the norm of the gradient, the LGM model yields much better results for the piecewise constant image. However, just as the TV model, the LGM model also suffers, even more seriously, from the staircasing effect and the inefficiency in preserving the texture in image. In order to overcome these drawbacks, in this paper, we propose to introduce an effective fidelity term into the LGM model. The fidelity term is an exemplar of the moving least square method using steering kernel. Under this framework, these two methods benefit from each other and can produce better results. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is promising as compared with the state-of-the-art methods.


The response of nine pea ( Pisum sativum ) genotypes, with varying salt tolerance potential, was studied under salt stress. Salt stress significantly ( p � 0.05) reduced the growth (internodal distance, plant fresh/dry biomass and number of leaves), physiological attributes (photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, chlorophyll contents) and cell membrane stability index (MSI) while elevated antioxidant enzymes, i.e. superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), organic solutes (proline, glycinebetaine and total free amino acids), lipid peroxidation (LPO), hydrogen peroxide (H 2O2) and leaf abscisic acid (ABA) in tested genotypes. However, root/shoot sodium (Na + ) was increased with increasing salinity levels, which enhanced the Na + : K + ratio and seemed to affect the bioenergetic processes of photosynthesis. Whereas, root and shoot of tested genotypes exhibited a considerable reduction in phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents. Based on % increase or decrease in above mentioned attributes, the tested genotypes were categorized into salt tolerant and salt sensitive categories. Therefore, Climax, Samarina zard and 9800-5 were found to be salt tolerant, whereas 2001-20, Meteor and Euro observed as highly salt sensitive. Tolerant genotypes (Climax, Samarina zard and 9800-5) were successful in maintaining the maximum dry matter, low Na + , while high P and K + under saline conditions. Since, genotypes with high concentration of organic osmolytes (proline, glycinebetaine and amino acids) and high antioxidant activity (SOD, POD, CAT) had high salt tolerance, so it is also concluded that salt tolerance potential of pea is highly associated with concentration of osmolytes and antioxidant enzymes.


With the increasing number and scale of VSCHVDC connected to the power grid, the impact of VSC-HVDC on the AC short-circuit current level needs to be accurately calculated. Existing studies generally use simplified processing methods, and it is difficult to evaluate the short-circuit current calculation error. This paper summarizes the process and mechanism of VSC-HVDC short-circuit current contribution, establishes a typical VSC-HVDC electromagnetic transient model to analyze the influence on AC short-circuit current, analyzes the error source of the existing VSC-HVDC influence AC short-circuit current calculation method, and puts forward an improved method considering both active and reactive current components - AB coefficient method, which could theoretically improve the calculation accuracy of AC short-circuit current affected by VSC-HVDC. Finally, in order to improve the application range of the AB coefficient method, the fitting AB coefficient method is further proposed to greatly improve the calculation accuracy of the AC short-circuit current affected by VSC-HVDC, and the correctness and applicability of the method are verified through case studies.


Previous vaccine and drug intervention strategies in ro‑ dents have with few exceptions failed to predict protec‑ tion of nonhuman primates against infection with Ebola vi‑ rus(EBOV) .T his maybe due to the fact that the disease pathology of EBOV in rodents is somewhat different than that reported in human and nonhuman primate infection. The requirements for proof of protection in nonhuman pri‑ mates by vaccines and/or various chemotherapeutic regi‑ mens intended for use in humans demands that the patho‑ genesis of the disease and correlates of immunity be un‑ derstood in nonhuman primates. Insight into the mecha‑ nism(s)of pathogenesis came from recent studies in non‑ human primates where we showed that EBOV infects cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system(MPS) result‑ ing in apoptosis of bystander lymphocytes. To further elucidate the pathologic changes that occur in the development of EBOV hemorrhagic fever and fol‑ low the course of infection of the MPS cells we analyzed sera and tissues collected during a serial study of experi‑ mentally―infected nonhuman primates. Results show that dendritic cells and macrophages are early and sustained cellular targets of EBOV in cynomolgus macaques. In‑ creased numbers of apoptotic lymphocytes primarily NK


A novel control system based on the recursive fuzzy-neural controller is presented. The system achieves the ability of dynamic mapping by adding dynamic recurrence to the second layer of the fuzzy-neural network. The mixed learning algorithm of the recursive fuzzy-neural controller is also put forward, including the "thick" learning of the immune genetic algorithm first, and then the "thin" learning of the BP algorithm. The network structure and the training method are proved feasible and effective through simulation of main steam temperature control for boilers.


In the past, function-oriented criteria such as hydraulic perfection and noise suppression have been the main considerations for the application of variable control of heating circulating pumps. Now, power savings and thus environmental protection (CO 2 -reduction) play an ever increasing part. The application volume of automatic pump capacity control is about to increase enormously due to the new legislation in Germany (Heating System Directive). The new requirements can only be met by modern pump or automatic control systems respectively. The today still typical situation of separate pump and automatic controls (with wall-mounted control boxes) will be completely superseded by the integration of all control components within the pump or the control management system. The trend towards the «control-integrated pump» together with a communicative interface will in the future turn the plain heating circulator into a completely self-reliant management centre


Inthis paper, westudyaviewer counting method formulticast-based IPTVservices. Recently, streaming services overanIPnetwork, suchasIPTVand/or Internet radio, have becomepopular, as a result oftherapiddeployment of broadband access. IPmulticast isaneffective technology for simultaneous distribution ofcontent tomanyviewers. However, itisdifficult tograspthenumberofviewers, since IPmulticast doesnotrequire anydirect communication fromviewers tothe distribution server, onlytotheadjacent router. We propose a novelviewercounting methodfromthecarrier's perspective usingmulticast forwarding information fromthedistribution network. Ourexperimental results indicate thattheproposed methodisexpected toobtain arating of100,000 viewers every1 minute.


A production and sales system is considered. In model 1 stock arrives in accordance with Poisson process and the arrival starts sale immediately. In addition a machine produces one product at a time and the production time is general. The sale time for the production of the products start with a probability p on all production epochs and if the sale time does not begin the products are stored in the inventory till a threshold level is reached and after that the sale time starts. In model 2 there is no stock arrival process but a machine with exponential life time produces the products and the repair time of the machine is also exponential. Assuming that the products are sent for sales as in model 1, joint Laplace transforms of time to sales and sales time, their means and a numerical result are presented for the two models.


Considering a reaction-diffusion equation with non-local boundary conditions in bounded regions, we have found under some conditions the solutions of the equation blow up or exist globally. We have also proved the theorem by constructing the lower and upper solutions.


Among their many achievements, Joseph Banks Rhine and collaborators launched The Journal of Parapsychology (JP) in 1937, the foremost venue for parapsychology experimental research and surpassed in longevity only by the Journal of the Society for Psychical Research. There had been important controlled studies in parapsychology earlier on, but J. B. Rhine and his collaborators placed experimental parapsychology on a more secure footing. The eighty-plus years of JP issues would constitute an extraordinary achievement in any field, but is even more remarkable in such a contentious area as parapsychology. To avoid repeating mistakes one should be cognizant of the field's previous history (Cardeña, 2018a) and even a cursory look at the JP indexes shows how the field has developed throughout the years. My intention for this Supplementary E-issue was to give a bird's eye view of the coverage in the JP. My selection of articles will not make everyone completely happy but I trust that it will not make everybody surly either. My criteria to select articles for this issue were to: a) have an article per decade, 2) cover most of its main areas, 3) avoid having more than one article by the same author, and 4) include papers by important women and men, giving their right due to the former (Cardeña, 2018b).


____________________________________ -·__ _ Introduction--------------------------------------Location and surface features-------------------Purpose and scope _____________________________ _ Fieldwork and acknowledgments-----------------Previous work _________________________________ _ Stratigraphy and petrology _________________________ _ Pre-Tertiary rocks _____________________________ _ Metamorphosed sedimentary rocks ___________ _ Metavolcanic rocks ________________________ _ Granodiorite and related rocks ______________ _ Terliary System _______________________________ _ Dual classification of volcanic rocks __________ _ AI ta Formation ____________________________ _ Kate Peak Formation ______________________ _ Vitrophyre member ____________________ _ Stream gravels ________________________ _ Intrusions----------------------------Age and regional relations of the Kate Peak Formation __________________________ _ Truckee Formation ________________________ _ Tertiary and Quaternary Systems ________________ _ Lousetown Formation ______________________ _ Age __________________________________ _ Intrusions----------------------------Gravel member ________________________ _ Steamboat Hills Rhyolite ___________________ _ Hot-spring deposits ________________________ _ Glacial deposits ____________________________ _ Oldest glacial deposits __________________ _ Tahoe TilL ___________________________ _ Tioga TilL ____________________________ _ Youngest glacial deposits _______________ _ Correlation with Lake Lahontan _________ _ Landslides--------------------------------Landslides related to Kate Peak and Truckee Formations __________________ _ Landslides from Slide Mountain _____ .. ___ _ Age and origin of slides _____________ _ Pre-Lake Lahontan deposits _________________ _ Younger lake and stream deposits ____________ _ Altered rocks----------------------------------Bleaching _________________________________ _ Propylitization ____________________________ _ Origin and structural control ________________ _ Relation to ore deposits--------------------Summary of volcanism _________________________ _ Page


Jepsen, J.R.M. (2004). Pervasive developmental disorders in childhood and adolescence; a review of the literature. Nordisk Psykologi, 56 (1) 50–72. This article is a literature review relevant for clinical practice with autism spectrum disorders in childhood and adolescence. The primary purpose is to describe current psychological theories on cognitive processes that mediate autistic behavior. The secondary purpose is to give a summary of other clinically relevant aspects of autism spectrum disorders; e.g. regarding prevalence and aetiology. The symptoms of autism spectrum disorders are manifold and divided into three categories: Social deficits, communicative dysfunctions, and restricted, repetitive interests and behaviors. Different psychological theories have been developed in order to understand the cognitive and emotional processes in these autistic behaviors. Four psychological theories on the cognitive deficits associated with autism are discussed: Theory of Mind, Weak Central Coherence, Executive Functioning, and Script. Theory of Mind represents the ability to understand beliefs and desires of others. Weak Central Coherence is the term for a cognitive style characterized by an imbalance between local and global processing. Impairments in Executive Functioning are related to repetitive behavior and reduced mentalizing ability. The Script theory concerns the deficient ability of children with autism to generate cognitive models of social events. During adolescence, continuing social and emotional problems have been reported. A comprehensive psychological assessment is an essential part of the diagnostic process. Brain function associated with reduced mentalizing activity is hypothesized to involve weak connections between components in a complex network of cortical regions. A comprehensive psychological assessment is an essential part of the diagnostic process. Treatment is primarily based on psychological and educational interventions.


A software system has been developed for the study of static and dynamic data visualization in the context of Visual Data Mining in Virtual Reality. We use a specific data set to illustrate how the visualization tools of the 3D Visual Data Mining (3DVDM) system can assist in detecting potentially interesting non-linear data relationships that are hard to discover using traditional statistical methods of analysis. These detected data structures can form a basis for specification of further explanatory statistical analysis. The visualization tools are shown to reveal many interesting patterns and in particular the dynamic data visualization appears to have a very promising potential. The results encourage further developments of the current and new tools in the context of practical applications.


This article addresses the problem of parallelizing model block diagrams for real-time embedded applications on multicore architectures. We describe a Mixed Integer Linear Programming formulation for finding a feasible mapping of the blocks to different CPU cores. For single-rate models, we use an objective function that minimizes the overall worst-case execution time. We introduce a set of heuristics to solve the problem for large models in a reasonable time. For multirate models, we solve the feasibility problem for finding a valid mapping. We study the scalability and efficiency of our approach with synthetic benchmarks and an engine controller from Toyota.


In a Ginzburg-Landau model of induced gravity based on the Lagrangian density L = ~4~R/2 9'@,,4/2 X(d2 ~7~18, we investigate the semiclassical evolution of 4 from 4 # u to the SSB minimum I$ = u (w = c-1/2(SrrG)-1/2). We show that for t, X << 1 the transition is inflationary, both in the case that the initial value of 4 = 0 ("ordinary new imlation") and in the case that the initial value of 4 >> u (Linde's "chaotic" inflation). The value of X required to insure density inhomogeneities of the proper size is c-dependent and typically 5 10eL2.


The use of nanoparticles for alleviating hazardous pathogenic bacteria in wastewater treatment facility has been on the rise. However, high mobility, agglomeration, and unwanted oxidation of nanoparticles (NPs) remain major...


Acknowledgements Tables of Cases List of Abbreviations PART ONE: INTRODUCTION 1. About this Book 2. The Scope and Application of the Right to a Fair Trial in Criminal Matters PART TWO: THE GENERAL FAIR TRIAL GUARANTEES 3. The Right to an Independent and Impartial Tribunal 4. The General Right to a Fair Trial 5. The Right to a Public Hearing 6. The Right to be Tried Within Reasonable Time PART THREE: THE SPECIFIC RIGHTS OF THE DEFENCE 7. The Right to be Presumed Innocent 8. The Right to be Informed of the Accusation 9. Adequate Time and Facilities 10. The Right to Defend Oneself and Have the Assistance of Counsel 11. The Right to Test Witness Evidence 12. The Right to the Free Assistance of an Interpreter 13. The Privelige Against Self-incrimination 14. The Right to Appeal 15. The Right to Compensation for Wrongful Conviction 16. The Protection Against Double-Jeopardy PART FOUR: MEASURES OF COERCION 17. Liberty and Security of Person: The Rules on Imprisonment 18. The Rights Guaranteed to all Persons Deprived of their Liberty 19. The Rights of Persons Detained on Remand 20. Other Fundamental Rights Affected by Criminal Proceedings Select Bibliography Index


Recent research has demonstrated that parental behaviours have an important impact upon child and adolescent pain outcomes. At present, however, we do not know which parents engage in particular behaviours and why. In two studies, the impact of parental catastrophizing about their child's pain upon parental tendency to stop their child's pain-inducing activity was investigated. Further, the mediating role of parental distress was explored. In study one, a sample of school children (N = 62; M = 12.48 years; SD = 1.72) took part in a cold-pressor task. In study two, a clinical sample of adolescents with chronic pain (N = 36; M = 15.68 years; SD = 1.85) performed a 2-min walking task designed as a pain-inducing activity. In both studies, the accompanying parent was asked to watch their child performing the pain task. Findings revealed, for both studies, that parents with a high level of catastrophic thinking about their child's pain experienced more distress and a greater behavioural tendency of wanting to stop their child's paininducing activity. Further, parental feelings of distress mediated the relationship between parental catastrophic thinking and parents' tendency to restrict their child's activity. The findings are discussed in light of an affective-motivational conceptualization of pain and pain behaviour. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Caes, L., Vervoort, T. , Eccleston, C., Vandenhende, M., Goubert, L. (2011). Parental catastrophizing about child's pain and its relationship with activity restriction: The mediating role of parental distress. Pain, 152, 212–222. 1 CHAPTER


Background: In middle August 2012 for a change of SIRS, SIRS not yet completed in the making, especially on the statistics, but it has been applied in the hospital. It inhibits the hospital internal reporting statistics related to RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul. Making internal reports related hospital hampered statistical calculations of data contained on BTO, GDR, and NDR. As a result of the lack of data calculation is done manually by medical records personnel section so SIRS related statistics do not support the work process to the fullest. Thus, in this study researchers evaluated the obstacles that exist in the application of SIRS related statistics can know what obstacles are there to be followed up further. Objective: This study aimed to determine the use of SIRS related statistics, and determine the factors causing the obstacles to the use of statistics based on human resources, hardware, software and LAN networks. Methods: The research method was descriptive and qualitative approach using cross-sectional design. Study subjects consisted of medical records personnel and EDP officers. Object of this study was SIRS related statistically in RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul. Results: The results of medical record personnel are involved and the statistical part can be the use of SIRS associated with doing statistical processing of data for hospital statistical reporting. Factors causing obstacle to the use of SIRS related statistics are software that can not help the process of the task and the lack of transition in the use of SIRS, and the absence of a LAN network maintenance done regularly.


A 4-year-old girl underwent electroencephalography (EEG) in an outside hospital due to several episodes of recurrent syncope suspected to be due to generalised seizures. Previous EEG studies, cranial MRI, echocardiography and ECG revealed normal results. Notably, episodes were reported to follow emotional stress or frightening events. Following noise provocation during EEG, the child developed bidirectional/polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT), which degenerated to ventricular fibrillation (VF), accompanied by hypoxic changes in the EEG (figure 1). After defibrillation and stabilisation …


Understanding crowd mobility in a metropolitan area is extremely valuable for city planners and decision makers. However, crowd mobility is a relatively new area of research and has significant technical challenges: lack of large-scale fine-grained data, difficulties in large-scale trajectory processing, and issues with spatial resolution. In this article, we propose a novel approach for analyzing crowd mobility on a "city block" level. We first propose algorithms to detect homes, working places, and stay regions for individual user trajectories. Next, we propose a method for analyzing commute patterns and spatial correlation at a city block level. Using mobile cellular accessing trace data collected from users in Shanghai, we discover commute patterns, spatial correlation rules, as well as a hidden structure of the city based on crowd mobility analysis. Therefore, our proposed methods contribute to our understanding of human mobility in a large metropolitan area.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of sublingual lobeline sulfate for smoking cessation.

METHODS
A multicenter (3 sites), double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled, phase 3 smoking cessation trial of sublingual formulation of lobeline sulfate. A total of 750 smokers (250 per site) were randomized to either treatment (lobeline sulfate) or placebo with individual smoking cessation counseling lasting up to approximately 10 minutes.

RESULTS
Efficacy revealed no statistical significance (P = 0.62) for lobeline sulfate as a smoking cessation aid.

CONCLUSION
Sublingual formulation of lobeline sulfate does not appear to be an effective smoking cessation aid.


Several kinds of soft magnetic materials prepared by metal injection molding (MIM), including pure iron, soft magnetic stainless steel, Fe-Si alloy, Fe-Co alloy, Fe-Ni alloy are introduced. The advantages of soft magnetic materials prepared by MIM are exhibited, the research status and development of soft magnetic materials prepared by MIM are reviewed.


Solutions of the enzymes catalase and malate dehydrogenase have been exposed to ultrasonically produced shearing stresses for period of up to 90 min. These enzymes were sonated by placing a resonant length of tungsten wire into a 0.3‐ml sample and driving the wire in transverse oscillation at 20 KHz. After sonation, the enzyme activity was determined spectrophotometrically. Catalase was not inactivated under any of the experimental conditions used. Malate dehydrogenase was found to be inactivated for wire displacements greater than 30 μm. Since no temperature rise or cavitation were detected in the treatment vessel, the mechanism for inactivation is believed to be shearing stresses associated with acoustic micro‐streaming. For conditions of the experiment, the magnitude and duration of the shearing stress are, respectively, 3000 dyn/cm2 and 2 ms. The enzyme was inactivated at an exponential rate which was inversely proportional to enzyme concentration. [This work was supported in part by the American Hear...


We designed a magnetic resonance (MR) compatible depth-encoding detector using cross point and dual-ended readout methods with wavelength-shifting (WLS) fibers. To evaluate the performance of the novel detector module, we used the DETECT2000 simulation tool to model the transport of optical photons in the crystal array. The detector is composed of two layers of crystal arrays, three layers of WLS fiber arrays, and two sensor arrays. The identification of crystal pixels was determined by the cross point readout method using a digital positioning algorithm, and the depth information in each crystal pixel was measured by the dual-ended readout method. The average pixel identification accuracy was 93.5 % (range: 84.4 %-100 %).


The cross-flow over two cylinders in side-by-side arrangement is simulated with lattice Boltzmann method(LBM).The boundary treatment is conducted with non-equilibrium extrapolation.Based on C++ platform,the velocity distribution and recirculation zone length under different Reynolds numbers and different spacing ratio are obtained.The results show that as Reincreases,the flow pattern transforms from laminar flow to Karman vortex street,and the length of the recirculation zone gradually increases and then decreases linearly,the critical value is Re=50.As H/Dincreases,four kinds of flow patterns can be obtained:single bluff body pattern,alternating inversion pattern,in-phase pattern and reverse pattern.The length of the recirculation zone increases as the H/Dincreasing in different patterns.


Laser trackers and autostigmatic microscopes/telescopes both represent the "best-in-class" instruments for the types of measurement that they are designed for. While laser trackers allow the very precise determination of objects locations and orientations, laser trackers cannot easily measure general optical properties of optical elements and systems. Alignment telescopes can easily measure various properties of optical surfaces such as surface tilts, centre of curvature locations, optical axes etc., but it is difficult to refer these measurements to mechanical data. By determining the optical axis of an alignment telescope with a laser tracker measurement, it is possible to link the capabilities of these two metrology systems. This allows types of measurement that neither a laser tracker nor an alignment telescope are capable of independently of each other. This paper describes results of experiments that test the accuracy with which a laser tracker can capture the optical axis of an alignment telescope. It is found that accuracies of < 1 arcseconds optical axis recovery with a laser tracker are achievable.


Apparatus comprising a portable electronic apparatus (2) and a data input apparatus (3) which is adapted to communicate information to the portable electronic device through the charging interface (10) of the battery portable electronic device.


Although academic circles has put forword much interpretation on the reasonable ground of no-facult liability of tort of enviroment,but still has not given an unassailable demonstration to it.In this thesis,We hold the viewpoint of enviroment liability"original sin",which stand for that every act of enviroment has "original sin"that pimpair enviroment,tort of enviroment is aroused by act of enviroment that damnify interests of being attributed.The actor of tort of enviroment is a part of actors of enviroment,only they could be accused for the act of tort.


In experiments with the use of laser fluorescence spectroscopy (LFS) in vivo both for endogenous porphyrin at occlusive ischemia and for exogenous phthalocyanine of aluminum at induced inflammatory processes the enhanced autofluorescence in the red waveband was detected. It means that the LFS in vivo can be an effective tool for the registration of both the ischemic hypoxia and inflammatory processes in clinics.


It is important to operate a computing system with high reliability and performance. To evaluate such a system, it is necessary to derive analytically and/or numerically reliability/performance measures by formulating a stochastic model of the system. A continuous-time Markov process is one of the most powerful stochastic processes for analyzing such a system. A software package tool is developed for calculating the transient state probabilities for a continuous-time Markov process with many states. A randomization technique is adopted for calculating the transient state probabilities, as well as the steady-state probabilities. For the software package tool, the authors specify the initial state probability vector pi (0). Once the initial state probability vector pi (0) is specified, it is possible to calculate the transient state probability vector pi (t) at time t. The authors propose a new idea for calculating the convergence time t/sub s/ of the steady-state probability in advance from knowledge of the randomization technique. They also present two examples of maintenance policies for a computing system and show how their software package tool is useful.<<ETX>>


We present a numerical study of a quantum phase transition from a spin-polarized to a topologically ordered phase in a system of spin-1/2 particles on a torus. We demonstrate that this non-symmetry-breaking topological quantum phase transition (TOQPT) is of second order. The transition is analyzed via the ground state energy and fidelity, block entanglement, Wilson loops, and the recently proposed topological entropy. Only the topological entropy distinguishes the TOQPT from a standard QPT, and remarkably, does so already for small system sizes. Thus the topological entropy serves as a proper order parameter. We demonstrate that our conclusions are robust under the addition of random perturbations, not only in the topological phase, but also in the spin polarized phase and even at the critical point.


THIS paper describes a relatively simple clinical test devised to estimate the facility of outflow of aqueous from an eye while external pressure is being applied to the globe; such a test is obviously of value in the investigation of cases of glaucoma


MINOS and OPERA will be the next generation long baseline neutrino experiments to measure neutrino oscillations as suggested by the Super-Kamiokande atmospheric neutrino results in a well controlled environment. Neutrinos produced by the Fermilab main injector will be measured by the two MINOS detectors. A near detector will be located at the Fermilab site to measure the neutrino beam composition at production, a far detector will measure it after oscillation may have modified the beam composition. OPERA will be located in the Grand Sasso underground laboratory and search for the appearance of tau neutrinos in a muon neutrino beam produced at the CERN SPS. By chance, the baseline is 735 km for both experiments.


We present numerical simulations of reduced magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) turbulence in a magnetic flux tube at the center of a polar coronal hole. The model for the background atmosphere is a solution of the momentum equation and includes the effects of wave pressure on the solar wind outflow. Alfvén waves are launched at the coronal base and reflect at various heights owing to variations in Alfvén speed and outflow velocity. The turbulence is driven by nonlinear interactions between the counterpropagating Alfvén waves. Results are presented for two models of the background atmosphere. In the first model the plasma density and Alfvén speed vary smoothly with height, resulting in minimal wave reflections and low-energy dissipation rates. We find that the dissipation rate is insufficient to maintain the temperature of the background atmosphere. The standard phenomenological formula for the dissipation rate significantly overestimates the rate derived from our RMHD simulations, and a revised formula is proposed. In the second model we introduce additional density variations along the flux tube with a correlation length of 0.04 R⊙ and with relative amplitude of 10%. These density variations simulate the effects of compressive MHD waves on the Alfvén waves. We find that such variations significantly enhance the wave reflection and thereby the turbulent dissipation rates, producing enough heat to maintain the background atmosphere. We conclude that interactions between Alfvén and compressive waves may play an important role in the turbulent heating of the fast solar wind.


In 1980, congressional hearings were conducted regarding the potentially negative dimensions of market power by meatpackers. Concentration levels had increased during the 1970s. Concern was sufficient to prompt the introduction of two pieces of proposed legislation, both of which would have limited the size of packing operations. During the hearings, testimony was replete with dire predictions of what would happen to industry performance if concentration were to increase still further. Parker testified that the research literature documents rapid increases in prices and in profits as the four-firm concentration moves up from 40% to 60% and higher. Viewed in the presence of the content and orientation of those congressional hearings, the happenings later in the 1980s appear incomprehensible. If the important threshold in terms of the four-firm concentration ratio is around 40%, why was the massive consolidation of the beef sector during the 1980s allowed by the regulatory authorities? What research methodology was brought to bear on these issues? Is it adequate? The answers to these related questions are not apparent, but they are clearly important. If the decisions by the regulatory authorities during the 1980s were not based on solid economic research, then important issues confront the profession. Either the research methodology must be modified or the empirical results of our research were ignored. The objective of this paper is to explore the economics of the consolidation in beefpacking, to look at why it occurred and why it was allowed to occur, and to draw inferences about our research efforts. The perspective offered is that of a marketing economist looking ahead to an uncertain future for the beef sector in the 1990s.


As Managing Director of Management Consultancy International, the author of this article consults to seriously innovative organisations such as Insurance Australia Group Limited (IAG), Telstra, Qantas and Suncorp to energise their teams and develop a positive team culture. What these organisations value in her services is her ability to use the appropriate learning methodology to drive change and to develop managers into leaders. She is particularly passionate about the Women in Management program that she developed to build a strong cohort of women who are confident in taking the next step in their career development. The gap is there. There is no denying that women are not as strongly represented in management and leadership roles as they should be, given their representation in the overall workforce (Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Agency [EOWA] 2010; 2012). Neither can it be denied that there are several factors at play that create challenges for the advancement of women in management, including the role of unconscious bias, societal perceptions and barriers formed by socioeconomic conditions.1 The focus of this article is on women taking the power back and proactively managing their career development, thereby creating for themselves the possibility of growth into management positions. Instead of waiting around for the ideal of meritocracy to kick in and for perfect, inclusive working situations to arise, women are fully capable of setting their own destiny. The author explores five practical steps and shares a few bonus pointers that are in your sphere of control and influence and form the basis of preparing for a leadership role. Women are encouraged to become emboldened to take a few risks and to put these guidelines in to action in order to relentlessly pursue opportunities.


A hydraulic directional control valve for supplying fluid to a hydraulic motor and incorporating one or more fluid flow sensing valves and a hydraulic latching mechanism. The latching mechanism holds the control valve in a selected operative position until the hydraulic motor completes its working stroke, the flow sensing valves determining when flow to the hydraulic motor ceases and permitting the application of fluid pressure to unlatch the latching mechanism and allowing the automatic return of the control valve to a neutral position. The flow sensing valves also function as check valves to prevent the return of fluid into the fluid supply line.


A design idea of a new type gas-gas complex semiconductor sensor to co gas is given according to the circuit working theory of the semiconductor gas sensor. This paper deduces theoretically the relationship among the sensitivity, the selectivity and the thermostability. The author indicates the conditions to meet of the high selectivity and good thermostability complex gas sensor. The result is testell and verified in the experiment.


The root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita can cause severe crop loss in economically important Prunusspecieslikepeach(P.persica),almond(P.communis),plum(P.salicina),and apricot(P. armeniaca).Somepeach rootstock, including Nemaguard (P. persica), Nemared (P. persica), and Myrobalan plum (P. cerasifera), display significant resistance to RKN. We present a genetic linkage map constructed by using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) for a peach backcross population (190 individuals) of RKN- resistant 'Honggengansutao' (P. kansuensis) and susceptible 'Bailey' (P. persica). Degenerate primers designed from conserved motifs of known plant resistance gene (R) products were used to amplify genomic DNA sequences. Twenty- two resistance gene analog (RGA) sequences were selected from 48 RGAs with open-reading frames to design sequence-tagged site markers. The linkage map of 'Honggengansutao' is composed of 138 loci (30 SSRs, 102 SRAPs, five RGAs, and one morphological marker for RKN resistance) assigned to eight linkage groups. The map covers 616 cM ofthe peach genomewith anaverage markerspacing of 4.9 cM.ThefiveRGAswere mappedto Groups 2, 7,and 8. One gene (designated PkMi) involved in resistance to RKN was mapped to Group 2 (which also includes the known RKN-resistance RMia gene). BLASTN analysis mapped all RGAs to the peach genome sequence. The map constructed in the study will aid future rootstock breeding with marker-assisted selection to identify additional candidate RGA sequences.


Downy mildew {Peronospora parasítica (Fr.) Tul.) has been reported as a serious disease of the kohl group of crucifers (Brassica olerácea L.) in Europe (^, 12, 15),^ India {3, pp. 297-300), South Africa (^), Australia (17), and the United States (5, 8, 11, 18, 18), The disease on cabbage {B. olerácea var. capitata L.) has several phases, the severity of each depending upon current weather conditions. It commonly causes severe damage to seedlings, particularly during winter months, in the southeastern part of the United States (4, 7, 13, 21)? Ordinarily the fungus continues to develop after transplanting but it is usually of minor importance at that time. As the crop approaches maturity under environmental conditions favorable to the mildew fungus, damage to the head may result. Bacterial soft-rot organisms may enter mildew lesions and cause damage in transit, while systemic invasion of heads in storage may lead to a dry-rot decay {16, 19)} The investigation reported herein is concerned with the host range of the physiologic race of the causal organism occurring on Brassica olerácea in the United States and with the effect of environmental conditions, particularly temperature and host nutrition, upon development of the disease in cabbage seedlings. The studies w^ere carried on in the greenhouse at Madison, Wis.


A novel thermal cycling process was applied on the 65Mn spring to improve the cycle fatigue life. Results demonstrate that the cycle fatigue life after the thermal cycling process was improved from 3 times to 14 times, with an improvement of 470%. The fine, equiaxed grains were observed on the fracture surface. Moreover, the prolongation of cracks was prevented by the high density of interfaces, and the slipping and rotating between the grains consumed the applied energy during the cycling process, contributing to the improvement of cycle fatigue life.


Cluster analyses, potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration-weight trajectory (CWT) were used to identify the main transport pathways and potential source regions with hourly PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in different seasons from January 2017 to December 2019 at Akedala Station, located in northwest China (Central Asia). The annual mean concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were 11.63 ± 9.31 and 19.99 ± 14.39 µg/m3, respectively. The air pollution was most polluted in winter, and the dominant part of PM10 (between 54 to 76%) constituted PM2.5 aerosols in Akedala. Particulate pollution in Akedala can be traced back to eastern Kazakhstan, northern Xinjiang, and western Mongolia. The cluster analyses showed that the Akedala atmosphere was mainly affected by air masses transported from the northwest. The PM2.5 and PM10 mainly came with air masses from the central and eastern regions of Kazakhstan, which are characterized by highly industrialized and semi-arid desert areas. In addition, the analyses of the pressure profile of back-trajectories showed that air mass distribution were mainly distributed above 840 hPa. This indicates that PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were strongly affected by high altitude air masses. According to the results of the PSCF and CWT methods, the main potential source areas of PM2.5 were very similar to those of PM10. In winter and autumn, the main potential source areas with high weighted PSCF values were located in the eastern regions of Kazakhstan, northern Xinjiang, and western Mongolia. These areas contributed the highest PM2.5 concentrations from 25 to 40 µg/m3 and PM10 concentrations from 30 to 60 µg/m3 in these seasons. In spring and summer, the potential source areas with the high weighted PSCF values were distributed in eastern Kazakhstan, northern Xinjiang, the border between northeast Kazakhstan, and southern Russia. These areas contributed the highest PM2.5 concentrations from 10 to 20 µg/m3 and PM10 concentrations from 20 to 60 µg/m3 in these seasons.


In this research, we make an attempt to derive theoretically 1-D linear dispersion relation of ion-acoustic waves in uniform unmagnetized dusty plasma valid in the long wavelength limits . This equation matched previously special equation of acoustic modes of a general form in magnetized dusty plasma. Depending on previous ly mentioned experimental data, we numerically consider various parameters that affect the properties of these waves in dusty plasma. The study has shown that the presence of dus t grains is to modify the properties of ion acous tic waves and affect the behavior of the plasma in which they are immersed. Introduction Recently there has been a growing interest in the phys ics of dusty plasma (1). The motivation for studying dusty plasmas is due to the realization of their occurrence in both the laboratory and space. A dus ty plasma is roughly defined as a normal electron-ion plasma with an additional charged component of micron or sub-micron sized dust particles. This extra component of such charged dust particles increases the complexity of the plasma system even further. This is why a dus ty plasma is also referred to as a "complex plasma" (2). Under some cases the dus t particles could achieve large charge numbers. They can have large mass of order of times the proton mass. Dust particles are usually negatively charged due to the flow of the electron and ion plasma currents to their surface, but become negatively charged due to the greater mobility of the electrons. Furthermore, the dusty plasma system can support a variety of physical phenomena. The presence of massively charged dus t particles in a plasma can affect its dispersion properties. For example, the charged dust is shown to modify the properties of ion-acoustic waves through the quasineutrality condition and the strong inequality , where is the background particle number density of the species with for ions (electrons) dust grains, is the number of electrons collected by dus t grain surface and is electron charge. Previous theoretical and experimental studies regarding low-frequency electrostatic waves in magnetized dusty plasma were obtained a common linear dispersion relation us ing a multifluid analysis (3, 4, 5). The common linear dispersion relation yields a phase velocity for IBN ALHAITHAM J. FOR PURE & APPL. SCI VOL.22 (2) 2009 dust ion acous tic mode valid in the long wavelength limit, that is , where and are the wave number and Debye length for electrons respectively (5): .................. [1] where and is the species temperature. The , , are the frequency, ion mass and Boltzmann constant, respectively. Note that the dus t ion acous tic wave (DIAW) spectrum is similar to the usual ion-acoustic wave spectrum for a plasma with ; however, in dus ty plasmas we usually have . So, obvious ly, a dusty plasma cannot support the usual ion-acous tic waves, but the modified DIA waves. In our case we are interested to study this behavior. Firstly, we derive the dispersion relation of DIAW in unmagetized plasma, and then solve numerically this relation for various parameters. Basic Equations We consider unmagnetized dusty plasma as consisting of three-component system of ions , electrons, and cold dust grains . For hot and isothermal electrons obeying the ideal gas law, one can adopt Boltzmann type electron density distribution. The system of equations for the components is as follows: The number density of the electrons is: ............... .... [2] where and denote the electron number density, and the electrostatic plasma potential, respectively. Assuming a hydrodynamical description of the ion-fluid and the dust-fluid to be non-realistic, we can write the basic equations which govern the dynamics of the ions and the dust particles as: The equation of continuity for ions is: (6) ..............   [3] The equation of motion for the ions is: (7) ............... [4] The equation of continuity for the dust as equation [3] is: ................. [5] The equation of motion for the dust as in equation [4] is:


Ancient East Asian countries had the rulers called ``Emperor(皇帝)``, ``King(王)``, ``Japanese emperor(天皇)`` depending on the circumstances of each country, so the space of the rulers was different accordingly. The space where the rulers resided is called Metropolis(都), Capital(首都), Capital city(都城), Palace(宮) and Capital(京), etc. The word of Capital sites(宮都) is used as the sum of all concepts of Throne rooms(宮室) or Main palace(宮殿) where Japanese emperor is living and Capital city(都城) which is the extension for rulers compassing those. ``Japanese Old Capital Heijokyo,`` which was ``Capital sites`` of the ancient Japan in 8th century, is very important in terms of s symbol of the reign as well as the central of the regime. For this reason, the works on the historical explanation about Japanese Old Capital Heijokyo is a very useful method and has an important meaning to understand Nara period(奈良時代). There is a need to mention that studies on Japanese Old Capital Heijokyo of Nara period not only succeeded studies of these scholars in the past but develops in the Urban History studies. It is hard to show the flow of urban history studies here, however, the various discussions on the cities of Asian communities, which are different from European cities and have features of divided economic structure and citizen autonomy, are shown in the Japanese urban history studies. Prior to this understanding, it is revealed there is Japanese Old Capital Heijokyo on the point where the ancient cities began. Furthermore, the meaning is examined focusing on the ``Heijokyo Capital Area``, that is, the trail of Heijokyo Palace, which is historically valuable and well-maintained among areas of Japanese Old Capital Heijokyo. Also, the formation and development of Japanese Old Capital Heijokyo is considered with two parts of Heijokyo Palace and Heijokyo Capital, and the appearance of Heijokyo Palace and Heijokyo Capital in the ups and downs of political history is studied. At last, the reason of the transformation of Japanese Old Capital Heijokyo is examined focusing on the issues of the ancient cities. This study features that there are efforts to think about the cases of previous Japanese Old Capital hujiwarakyo(藤原宮京) and later Japanese Old Capital Heijokyo(平安宮京) with the view of environmental history studies, for the issues of urban life in Japanese Old Capital Heijokyo.


The reemergence of tuberculosis as a major public health threat in the United States during the past 12 years' and the emergence of multiply drugresistant tuberculosis as a significant public health problem have rekindled interest in the development of a vaccine to prevent tuberculosis. In the absence of a new vaccine, renewed interest has surfaced in the utility of immunization with the strain of Mycobacterium bovis known as bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) as a strategy to reduce the risks for transmission of tuberculosis.2,3 In the United States, aggressive public health interventions in the past 3 years apparently have had a substantial beneficial effect on the rate of new cases of tuberculosis. Despite the efficacy of these public health strategies, developing countries lack the resources to invest in such labor-intensive interventions as directly observed therapy. Thus, tuberculosis presents, and undoubtedly will continue to present, a formidable global public heath challenge. In the absence of effective public health interventions, the very factors that contributed to the resurgence of tuberculosis in the United States are likely to fuel the fire of tuberculosis worldwide during the next 2 decades. The use of BCG as a public health tuberculosis prevention measure has been a matter of substantial controversy since the vaccine's initial availability in the 1920s. The literature is replete with studies attempting to evaluate the efficacy of BCG for prev nting tuberculosis and for preventing the severe sequelae of tuberculosis in different study populaions. The history of the use of BCG is convoluted and complex.4 Studies attempting to measure the efficacy of BCG have yielded protective efficacy estimates that have ranged from 0% to 80%.5 In addition to the limitations of the vaccine itself, several factors have clouded the interpretation of the studies designed to evaluate the utility of this candidate vaccine. The lack of precise diagnostic tools for tuberculosis exposure, infection, and active disease, the lack of specificity of the BCG vaccine, strain variation of BCG vaccines, and the fact that immunization with BCG results in a positive tuberculin skin test, thereby rendering ineffective the one available study that can be used in an epidemiological investigation, are only four of the factors that have made definition of the role of BCG extremely problematic. The issue of the efficacy of BCG was clarified, at least to a certain extent, with the publication in 1993, 1994, and 1995 of three meta-analyses"7 of the large family of studies that have, over the past several decades, addressed this perplexing question. These meta-analyses demonstrated that, on average, BCG was 50% effective in preventing clinical tuberculosis and in preventing the severe sequelae of tuberculosis in infants and young children. Although


The performance of J. curcas propagated through pre-cultivated seedlings, non-rooted cuttings and direct seeding, established at 3333, 2500, 1333 stems/ha and subjected to spot weeding, slashing and both spot weeding and slashing was evaluated. The trial was established on the 20 th of December 2006, in a 3 3 factorial completely randomized block design with three replications. Each plot consisted of 16 trees. Data were collected from the entire population. Height, root collar diameter (RCD) and survival were determined using standard forestry procedures. Data were analysed through one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 95% confidence level using SPSS version 15 (2003). Jatropha curcas established through pre-cultivated seedlings outperformed (P 0.05) among saplings established at 3333, 2500 and 1333 stems/ha planting densities as well as among those subjected to spot weeding, slashing and both spot weeding and slashing in terms of survival and growth in height and RCD. This research concludes that pre-cultivated J. curcas seedlings perform better in percentage survivals than non-rooted cuttings and direct seeded plants in agro-ecological conditions similar to those of the study site.


The teaching concept of constructivism emphasizes that students' concept learning is in fact equal to the constructive process of scientific knowledge. Base on this teaching concept in combination with Ausubel's "meaningful learning" theory in cognitive psychology that stresses the existence of personal distinguishing characteristics in one's conceptual frameworks, this study applied the teaching strategy of concept mapping proposed by Novak & Gowin (1984) in "Learning How to Learn" in the instruction of Acids and Bases. The researcher tried to explore junior high school students' conceptual frameworks, conceptual learning and conceptual misconception following the instruction. Twelve third graders in junior high school were interviewed to retrospect his or her process of concept learning and conceptual change from the metacognitive perspective. The research data was analyzed qualitatively by Nakhleh & Krajcik's four interrelated representational systems. The results were as follows: (1)The alternative frameworks or alternative conceptions that students held before instruction tended to be influenced easily by common occurrences, environments and media. When judging whether a certain material is a base or an acid, subjects tend to make their choice using the strategy of referring to the name of the material, judging with dichotomy or inferring based on one's frameworks. Their representational systems of knowledge were macroscopic. (2)The students' conceptual frameworks were enriched after instruction. Less Their conceptions were influenced less by common occurrences from their daily life. Self-inference was still found in the interpretation of conceptual structure, but dichotomy and referring to the meaning of a certain name were not observed. Many of the misconceptions resulting from misinterpretation of information prior to the instruction were observed to be self-clarified after the instruction. Concept learning was found be related to the existence of microscopic representational systems of knowledge. When a learner can think from a microscopic standpoint, a more complete and structural conceptual framework was observed on the topic of Acids and Bases. However, the conceptual learning of students who thought from a macroscopic perspective were found to be limited to the aspects of quality and category without advanced exploration. They were also observed to have the tendency of learning by memory and being confused by similar names of materials or the variety of the colors of indicators. It was more difficult for them to clarify their misconceptions. (3)The use of concept mapping facilitated students' reflection, construction and reconstruction on their learning. Concept mapping was recommended as an effective metacognitive learning strategy. (4)It was found from the postponed interviews that the students with microscopic representational systems were less influenced by time and displayed less conceptual confusion compared to the ones with macroscopic representational systems.


High Fructose Syrup factory was designed with a capacity of 100,000 tons/year. The raw material used is Tapioca Starch. The factory is planned to set up in areas of Lampung, in 2016 and began operations in 2019. High Fructose Syrup widely used in the food industry, such as candy bars, canning fruits, jelly, industrial manufacturing of ice creams, the drinks industry, cyclamate, saccharin, and the food industry as a substitute for cane sugar (sucrose).
High Fructose Syrup is made through a process of hydrolysis using an enzyme catalyst. The enzyme will break down molecules sago starch and convert it into glucose. Then glucose is converted to fructose through isomerization process with a enzyme glukoisomerase at a temperature range of 40-60°C and a pressure of 1 atm in flow stirred tank reactor (RATB). Isomerization 50% will produce 42% fructose syrup. Tapioca Starch feedstock requirements as much 80409.369 tons/year, CaCl2 as much as 25.074 tons/year, α-amylase as much as 52.183 tons/year, Glucoamylase as much as 1,753 tons/year, as many as 3,347 HCl, MgSO4 as much as 12.445, NaOH as much as 0.0016 tons/year, Glukoisomerase 10.241 tons/year, Polystyrenephosponate as much as 0.0048 and 1.6203 polyamine epoxy tons/year.
The results of the economic analysis of the design of High Fructose Syrup factory acquired total capital investment (TCI) Rp 808,328,560,707.00 and total costs of production (Production Cost) Rp 1206567763200.00. From the results of feasibility analysis was obtained a return on investment (ROI) before taxes 34.81%, and 24.37% after tax. Pay Out Time (POT) before taxes of 2.23 years and 2.91 years after tax. Break Even Point (BEP) 42.82%, Shut Down Point (SDP) 21.47% and the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) 32.22%. Based on the evaluation of the above, the High Fructose Syrup factory with a a capacity of 100,000 tons/year is considered feasible founded, because it meets the standard requirements for the establishment of a factory.


The aim of establishing the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) marked the development of the Bologna process since its beginning, while it exercised a decisive influence on the content of the higher education policy initiatives undertaken over the years. One of the most important goals of the relevant policy making was to bridge the university-to-labour market gap and to improve the employability of graduates. Such aims require a consistent and multidimensional cooperation between higher education institutions and the social partners, mainly employers, from which significant benefits may derive for all parties involved. As a result, many types of work based learning have been promoted in higher education with the most prominent of them being the student work experience programmes organised by universities in collaboration with enterprises. The paper analyses the guidelines provided by the EHEA framework with regard to the cooperation between universities and the social partners. Also, it discusses the role that has been attributed to (or claimed by) the social partners regarding work experience programmes. The EHEA institutional framework includes provisions for the participation of social partners in the organisation of work placements, which contribute to students' skills development and easier transition to employment.


The study of grave goods, including animal deposits, offers a deeper understanding of social issues. This paper presents the results of the analysis of human and animal bone samples from the Iberian necropolis of El Poblado, Murcia. The examination focusses on 18 deposits of ovicaprids radii and ulnae, mostly of the left side, that were derived from 14 cremation tombs of the 74 studied. By considering the human and animal remains together, it is possible to highlight differences in the rituals of certain graves and variations in animal symbolism related to human sex and age. This provides a new understanding of the social and cultural differentiation that existed in the Iberian communities of this period. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Cytological composition of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in pediatric bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients with pulmonary complications has not been comprehensively described and BAL specific markers of pulmonary GVHD are lacking. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the role of BAL in the diagnosis of pulmonary GVHD by comparing BAL cytological findings between pediatric allogenic BMT patients with pulmonary complications and oncology children receiving chemotherapy alone.


Abnormal thickening and chambering in Crassostrea gigas oysters have been adopted for many years as bioindicators of available tributyltin (TBT) in coastal waters. Nevertheless, since natural causes can also induce the formation of multiple chambers, a field study and laboratory experimentation has been conducted with 72 examples of C. gigas in successive culture media. This work has enabled differences to be established between natural fine sediment‐induced characteristics and the influence of TBT on the shells. External shell deformities have been assessed using three biometric indices, shell thickness index, weight index and volume index. Internal differences have been observed in longitudinal sections of the shell: retraction of growth, stagnation of the adductor muscle scar and thinning of the chambers in the TBT‐polluted shell secretion. A new index, the opening chambers index, has been proposed, with a value of less than 1 in the TBT‐polluted environment and greater than 1 in shells secreted in an unpolluted production site. These conclusions should be borne in mind when C. gigas is used in biomonitoring programmes.


The article is devoted to the poetry of lyrical songs, which is a complicated and branched phenomenon of spiritual culture of the Bashkir people. Fully performing the implementation of the Bashkir long songs presupposes not only an outstanding natural singing data, but also spirituality inner personality «aura» of the executor, his commitment to the national melos, national forms of isnetworkpath.


Several studies have been conducted to improve the mechanical and other value-added properties of glass fiber-reinforced epoxy (GFRE) composites by the addition of different fillers. In this work, waste iron filings (WIFs) obtained from the steel industry were incorporated into GFRE composite samples in varying amounts of up to 50% (%w) to improve their mechanical and electrical properties. The results showed that, with increasing WIF loading from 0 w% to 50 w%, the resultant composite density gradually increased from 1.4 to 2.1 g/cm3. Surface hardness, Young's modulus, and tensile strength also increased significantly with the addition of up to 9 w% of WIF followed by a significant drop with more WIF addition due to agglomeration. Overall, Young's modulus of the GFRE samples with any WIF content was higher than that of the GFRE composite with no WIF. The elongation at break results showed that the GFRE samples were less ductile upon WIF addition, which decreased from 2% to 0.6% upon loading the composite with 50% WIF. In terms of electrical conductivity, the GFRE samples with WIF content of 15% or more were electrically conductive and their electrical conductivity increased with WIF content. It was clear that more WIF was needed to establish a percolated network in the GFRE composites to render them conductive. The electrical conductivity of the GFRE samples containing 15% WIFs was around 2.9 kS/m and increased to 35 kS/m upon the addition of 50% WIFs. These novel electrically conductive GFRE composites could be promising for structural dynamic monitoring systems in the construction industry. They also support the efforts for the utilization of waste materials towards a circular economy.


Results from the JFT−2a (DIVA) experiments made with a separatrix magnetic surface are described. The main conclusions are: (1) A separatrix magnetic surface is stably located inside the material surface. (2) A plasma enclosed in a separatrix magnetic surface is similar to that of a conventional tokamak as far as the magnetohydrodynamic properties are concerned. (3) Measured parameters of the main plasma column are consistent with those expected from a conventional tokamak. (4) The electron density and temperature in the scrape‐off layer are about ten times less than the values at the center of the main plasma column. (5) Heat and particle fluxes to the divertor region are axisymmetric and several times less than those of the total loss fluxes from the main plasma column. (6) Runaway electrons are well guided to the divertor region.


This research examines the relationship between personal and role-related factors and commitment to the employing organization.' Subjects are 318 elementary and secondary school teachers and 395 registered nurses employed, respectively, in two school districts and three general hospitals in western New York State. While there is evidence that commitment is differentially related to such personal variables as sex, marital status, and father's occupation, the results of multivariate analyses show the primary importance of role-related factors in explaining organizational commitment. The significance of role tension, years experience in the organization, and dissatisfaction with the bases of organizational advancement suggest that commitment is an exchange and accrual phenomenon, dependent on the employee's perception of the ratio of inducements to contributions and the accumulation of side bets or investments in the employing system.'


This paper discusses the factors that could help a community-based neighbourhood regeneration project to achieve sustainable organizational structure, which is deemed to be the prerequisite to bring about the intended project outcomes. Through a case study of a sport-based social inclusion programme targeted at young people living in a deprived neighbourhood in Glasgow, it illustrates the process of a football coaching project going through sustainable and progressive project development to become a multi-dimensional holistic programme to support the young people who were disadvantaged in their transition into adulthood. In so doing, the focus is placed upon the interaction between the urban regeneration partnership scheme, namely Social Inclusion Partnership, and the local project run by a voluntary organization.


This article makes theoretical thoughts on developing Hehuang education from three aspects: constructing the cultural environment and atmosphere of modern education in the Hehuang areas; bringing the function of the higher education into full play in the development of Hehuang Culture; establishing correct attitude of treating multiculture of Hehuang.


Substitution Effects o f Metal Quinolate Chelate Materials for Organic Electroluminescence Applications By Asanga B. Padmaperuma Dr. Linda S Sapochak. Examination Committee Chair Assistant Professor o f Chemistry University o f Nevada, Las Vegas. A technology that shows great promise for application in novel flat panel displays is based on electroluminescence (EL) o f organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Aluminum tris(8-hydroxy quinoline) (Alq 3 )-type materials are very important as emitter materials in OLEDs. Systematic experimental and theoretical studies o f these materials are crucial in order to elucidate the relationship between structure and function o f EL materials and ultimately optimize device performance. It has been demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally that the photoluminescence (PL) emission energies o f Alq3 can be tuned by adding substituents to the quinolate ligand. The electronic and structural changes associated with such substitutions can dramatically affect the resulting PL and EL efficiencies. The first systematic study o f the PL and EL properties o f a series o f methyl-substituted quinolate tris-chelates o f aluminum, gallium, and indium is reported. Detailed description of synthetic routes, characterization results, photophysical data, device data, and x-ray absorption data are presented. The effect o f methyl and metal ion substitution on EL is discussed with respect to changes in required parameters. iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................... iii LIST OF FIGURES........................................................................................................................ vi LIST OF TA BLES......................................................................................................................... ix ACKNOW LEDGEMENTS...........................................................................................................x CHAPTER I ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENCE.........................................................1 1.


Conventional sediment classification methods based on Multibeam Echo System (MBES) data have low accuracy since the correlation between features and sediment has not been fully considered. Moreover, their poor resistance to the residual error of MBES backscatter strength (BS) processing also degrades their performances. Toward these problems, we propose a seabed sediment classification method using spatial statistical features extracted from angular response curve (ARC), topography, and geomorphology. First, to reduce interference of noise and residual error of beam pattern correction, we propose a robust method combining the Generic Seafloor Acoustic Backscatter (GSAB) model and Huber loss function to estimate the parameters of ARC which is strongly correlated with seabed sediments. Second, a feature set is constructed by AR features composed of GSAB parameters, BS mosaic and its derivatives, and seabed topography and its derivatives to characterize seabed sediments. After that, feature selection and probability map acquisition are employed based on the random forest algorithm (RF). Finally, a denoising and final sediment map generation method is proposed and applied to probability maps to obtain the sediment map with reasonable sediment distribution and clear boundaries between classes. We implement experiments and achieve the classification accuracy of 93.3%, which verifies the validity of our method.


Tuochaisone ofthe special varietics offermented compressedtea leaves,praisedforits important healthbenefits, such as anti-aging,lowering cholestero1,enhancing immune function,10wering of blood pressure,reducing heart at- tacksαc.In the present study,we carried out fractionation and isolation of the active constituents,guided by1,1- dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)radical scavenging activityJn addition,antioxidative and antihepatotoxic potency on D-galactosamine(D-Ga1N)/tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNFα)一induced cell death in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes was also examined.0皿study revealed that,tuocha is rich in antioxidants such as phenolics,1ignans, navanoides and flavan-3-01s,and showed a good understanding between stmcture and activity relationship。